845:, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to areas prescribed by the constitution. Further, as executive power is constitutionally vested in the monarch, meaning the royal prerogative belongs to the Crown and not to any of its ministers, the sovereign's supremacy over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a "rebuff to the pretensions of the elected: As it has been said, when the prime minister bows before the queen, he bows before us ." Either the sovereign or his or her governor general may therefore oppose the prime minister's will in extreme, crisis situations. Near the end of her time as governor general, Adrienne Clarkson stated: "My constitutional role has lain in what are called 'reserve powers': making sure that there is a prime minister and a government in place, and exercising the right 'to encourage, to advise, and to warn' Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three."
92:
1166:
941:
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794:—argued that both Parliament and the Cabinet had become eclipsed by prime ministerial power; Savoie wrote: "The Canadian prime minister has little in the way of institutional check, at least inside government, to inhibit his ability to have his way." Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing a "presidentialization", to the point that its incumbents publicly outshine the actual head of state (and
1223:; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who were university lecturers, Clark also consultant and Campbell working in international diplomacy and as the director of private companies and chairperson of interest groups; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien returned to legal practice. Former prime ministers also commonly penned autobiographies—Tupper, for example—or published their memoirs—such as Diefenbaker and
830:, codifies the process by which a caucus may trigger a party leadership review and, if necessary, chose an interim leader, thereby making a prime minister more accountable to the MPs in his or her party. Caucuses may choose to follow these rules, though the decision would be made by recorded vote, thereby subjecting the party's choice to public scrutiny.
1207:, and John Turner, each before they returned to private business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate following his second period as prime minister, but resigned his seat to seek re-election and moved to private enterprise after failing to win a riding. Also returning to civilian life were: Robert Borden, who was Chancellor of
550:
While there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to be an MP, for practical and political reasons the prime minister is expected to win a seat very promptly. However, in rare circumstances individuals who are not sitting members of the House of
Commons have been appointed to the position of
777:
Pierre
Trudeau is often credited with, throughout his tenure as prime minister (1968-79, 1980-84), consolidating power in the PMO, which is itself filled by political and administrative staff selected at the prime minister's discretion and unaccountable to Parliament. At the end of the 20th century
678:
wins a majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or choose to meet
Parliament to see if the incumbent government can win a confidence vote. Should the prime minister's party achieve a minority while an opposition party wins a plurality (i.e., more seats than any other party but less than a
622:
and smaller political parties typically do not follow the same practice. However, if the governing party selects a new leader shortly before an election is due, and that new leader is not a member of the legislature, they will normally await the upcoming election before running for a seat in
538:
A prime minister who has given his intention to resign may advise the governor general on whom to appoint as the next prime minister. However, if the prime minister is resigning because he has lost the confidence of the House of
Commons, the viceroy is not obligated to follow that advice.
654:, Section 56.1(2) limited the term of a government to four years, with election day being set as the third Monday in October of the fourth calendar year after the previous polling date. The governor general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue the
609:
When a prime minister loses their seat in the legislature, or should a new prime minister be appointed without holding a seat, the typical process that follows is that a member in the governing political party will resign to allow the prime minister to run in the resulting by-election. A
975:
titles to
Canadians. The Crown in right of Canada (but not the Crown in right of the United Kingdom, which has periodically bestowed such Imperial honours on such citizens) has since adopted this policy generally, such that the last prime minister to be knighted near appointment was
514:
In 2008, a public opinion survey showed that 51% of
Canadians believed they voted to directly elect the prime minister. In fact, the prime minister, along with the other ministers in Cabinet, is appointed by the governor general on behalf of the monarch. By the conventions of
908:
for the prime minister and their family. All of the aforementioned is provided through budgets approved by
Parliament, as is the prime minister's total annual compensation of $ 357,800 (consisting of an MP's salary of $ 178,900 and the prime minister's salary of $ 178,900).
738:
given by the prime minister is ordinarily binding, meaning the prime minister effectively carries out those duties ascribed to the sovereign or governor general, leaving the latter to act in predominantly ceremonial fashions. As such, the prime minister, supported by the
673:
Following parliamentary dissolution, should the prime minister's party subsequently win a majority of seats in the House of
Commons, it is unnecessary to re-appoint the prime minister or for the prime minister to retake the oath of office. If, however, an
806:
alluded to what she saw as "an unspoken rivalry" that had developed between the prime minister and the Crown. It has been theorized that such is the case in Canada as its
Parliament is less influential on the executive than in other countries with
924:
were given private funerals, Bennett also being the only former prime minister of Canada to die and be buried outside the country and Bowell the only whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John
Thompson also died outside Canada, at
980:, who was the prime minister at the time the Nickle Resolution was debated in the House of Commons (and was knighted before the resolution). Still, Bennett was, in 1941, six years after he stepped down as prime minister, elevated to the
967:, however, the House of Commons declared that it should be against the policy of the Canadian Sovereign (and the Canadian government advising the Monarch when such honours are not within the Monarch's personal gift) to bestow
759:, and approximately 3,100 other positions. Further, the prime minister plays a prominent role in the legislative process—with the majority of bills put before Parliament originating in the Cabinet—and the leadership of the
605:
as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and subsequently was appointed prime minister while not holding a seat in the House of Commons; Turner won a riding in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept from power.
519:, the foundation of parliamentary democracy, the governor general will call to form a government the individual most likely to receive the support, or confidence, of a majority of the directly elected members of the
1157:, after either the individual's political party won a general election or proposed to form either a confidence-and-supply government or coalition government. The term does not apply to incumbent prime ministers.
729:
and its executive powers, which are governed by the written constitution and constitutional conventions. However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Today, per the doctrines of
4345:
1577:
811:; particularly, Canada has fewer MPs, a higher turnover rate of MPs after each election, and a US-style system for selecting political party leaders, leaving them accountable to the party membership rather than
4245:
589:
Prime ministers who are not MPs upon their appointment (or who lose their seats while in office) have since been expected to seek election to the House of Commons as soon as possible. For example,
5570:
531:, of seats in the House of Commons. No document is needed to begin the appointment; the prime minister-designate becomes prime minister as soon as he accepts the governor general's invitation to
1714:
4230:
643:, meaning the post does not have a fixed term, and once appointed and sworn in by the governor general, the prime minister remains in office until they resign, are dismissed, or die.
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547:, the King must send for him." If the leader of the opposition is unable or unwilling to form a government, the governor general can consult whomever he wishes.
6641:
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2577:
4250:
2892:"Federal Government > Prime Ministers of Canada > Biographical Informarion > BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J., LL.B."
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can quickly bring down a serving premier and even mere threats of such action can persuade or compel a prime minister to resign his post, as happened with
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743:(PMO), controls the appointments of many key figures in Canada's system of governance, including the governor general, the Cabinet, justices of the
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5199:
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After exiting office, former prime ministers of Canada have engaged in various pursuits. Some remained in politics: Bowell continued as a senator,
818:
There do exist checks on the prime minister's power: the House of Commons may revoke its confidence in an incumbent prime minister and Cabinet or
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should not be used in official contexts. The written form of address for the prime minister should use his or her full parliamentary title:
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2153:
In the Wake of Constitutional Crisis: New Survey Demonstrates that Canadians Lack Basic Understanding of Our Country's Parliamentary System
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597:(that his party won), briefly governed without a seat in the House of Commons before winning a by-election a few weeks later. Similarly,
4240:
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1954:
1522:
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1191:, Mackenzie King, and Pierre Trudeau, all before being re-appointed as prime minister (Mackenzie King twice); Alexander Mackenzie and
486:
The position of prime minister is not outlined in any Canadian constitutional document and is mentioned only in a few sections of the
5886:
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4552:
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717:, when, in fact, that role belongs to the Canadian monarch, represented by the governor general. The prime minister is, instead, the
1113:, around the time of Robert Borden's premiership. While contemporary sources will still speak of early prime ministers of Canada as
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888:. For transportation, the prime minister is afforded an armoured car (a car allowance of $ 2,000 per year) and shared use of two
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parties generally observed a practice of not running a candidate against another party's new leader in the by-election, the
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remained in the House of Commons as a backbench MP, and Bennett moved to the United Kingdom after being elevated to the
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415:. The prime minister also selects individuals for appointment as governor general (in the federal jurisdiction) and
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2643:"Black v Chrétien: Suing a Minister of the Crown for Abuse of Power, Misfeasance in Public Office and Negligence"
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The prime minister–designate of Canada is the person who has been designated as the future prime minister by the
1059:
838:
280:
523:; as a practical matter, this is often the leader of the party, or a coalition of parties, whose members form a
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3223:
2189:"First Among Equals: The Prime Minister in Canadian Life and Politics > Alone at the Top > Head of State"
1911:
1578:"House of Commons Procedure and Practice - 1. Parliamentary Institutions - Canadian Parliamentary Institutions"
594:
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459:
1050:, the 19th prime minister of Canada (1993) and only female and British Columbia–born person to hold the office
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1796:, On the Formation of Government, vol. 22, Edmonton: Centre for Constitutional Studies, p. 105
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380:), but, in practice, the powers of the monarch and governor general are nearly always exercised on the
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349:
222:
188:
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2684:
2683:. Vol. 30, no. 4. Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association. p. 23. Archived from
2444:. Vol. Autumn 2009, no. 30. Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. p. 10. Archived from
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502:. The office and its functions are instead governed by constitutional conventions and modelled on the
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1117:, the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the
393:
30:
3760:. The C. D. Howe Series in Canadian Political History Series. University of British Columbia Press.
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In the decades following Confederation, it was common practice to refer to the prime minister as
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Statesmen, Strategists and Diplomats: Canada's Prime Ministers and the Making of Foreign Policy
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majority), the prime minister can attempt to maintain the confidence of the House by forming a
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356:(MP) and leads the largest party or a coalition of parties. The prime minister is appointed by
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3151:"Ceremonial and Canadian Symbols Promotion > Styles of address — Federal dignitaries"
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54:"Premier of Canada" redirects here. For provincial and territorial heads of government, see
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to form a government. But Thompson declined and instead advised Stanley to call on Senator
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permitted his lying-in-state before his body was returned to Canada for a state funeral in
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397:
336:. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office exists only per long-established
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for the remainder of their lives; should they remain sitting MPs, they may be referred as
8:
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List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office § Calculation of terms of office
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won a majority of seats. Trudeau's Liberals subsequently won a plurality of seats in the
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Because the prime minister is in practice the most politically powerful member of the
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with other minority parties, which was last entertained in 1925 or by entering into a
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on newly appointed Canadian prime ministers. Accordingly, several carried the prefix
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The Senate may delay or impede legislation put forward by the Cabinet, such as when
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Prime Ministerial Power in Canada: Its Origins under Macdonald, Laurier, and Borden
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that the governor general refused the prime minister's request for a general vote.
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turned down the offer to be the next head of government, leading Governor General
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is the current prime minister, who took office on November 4, 2015, following the
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At the Centre of Government: The Prime Minister and the Limits on Political Power
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3230:. Vol. 1902. Toronto: The Annual Review Publishing Company. pp. 449–453
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Proceedings of the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free, & Accepted Masons of Canada
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of those who apply for them. The heraldic badge, referred to by the CHA as the
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99:
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2297:"Liberals' idea for gender quota in Cabinet leaves out the principle of merit"
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1913:'Complete nonsense': Experts dispute Scheer's claims about forming government
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1195:, both prior to sitting as regular Members of Parliament until their deaths;
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2093:"NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh won't have a free pass if he runs in a byelection"
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This title is granted to holders of the office for life upon taking office.
1406:
poll found 42% of respondents thought the prime minister was head of state.
1047:
1032:
1008:
963:
refused the honour of a knighthood from Queen Victoria. Following the 1919
917:
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General, The Office of the Secretary to the Governor (November 12, 2020).
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2335:
Governing from the Centre: The Concentration of Power in Canadian Politics
1743:"Consolidated federal laws of canada, THE CONSTITUTION ACTS, 1867 to 1982"
1716:
Intergovernmental Affairs > About Canada > The Canadian Constitution
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4653:
4082:
4062:
3972:
2578:"Thanks to the Senate, I've finally come around to liking the Reform Act"
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1035:, Jean Chrétien and Paul Martin were granted arms with the augmentation.
1015:, consists of four red maple leaves joined at the stem on a white field (
791:
598:
552:
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Canada's Prime Ministers, Governors General and Fathers of Confederation
1850:
1252:
4477:
3869:
3385:"Politics and Government > Sir John A. Macdonald > The Opponents"
3340:
3173:"Canada's Premier Talks; Attitude of the Dominion on the Seal Question"
1403:
952:
388:
to the House of Commons. Canadian prime ministers are appointed to the
3835:
3406:
Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland.
2674:"A Tradition of Vigilance: The Role of Lieutenant Governor in Alberta"
1874:
Disinformation as a Back Door to 'Constitutional Revolution' in Canada
1523:"The Canadian Parliamentary system - Our Procedure - House of Commons"
959:
before their name; of the first eight prime ministers of Canada, only
6216:
5146:
4052:
3309:"The Distribution of Human and Animal Life in Western Arctic America"
1760:
1058:
when one is speaking to the federal head of government directly; the
1028:
773:, the 10th prime minister of Canada (1921–1926; 1926–1930; 1935–1948)
611:
499:
4346:
Public Safety, Democratic Institutions and Intergovernmental Affairs
4131:
3777:
Unknown and unforgettable : a guide to Canada's Prime Ministers
3324:
3308:
1842:
1787:
Cyr, Hugo (2017), Lagassé, Philippe; MacDonald, Nicholas A. (eds.),
1766:
Letters Patent Constituting the Office of Governor General of Canada
1389:
and rejected the appointment as prime minister. Byng then installed
5400:
4638:
2159:, Toronto: Ipsos Reid, December 15, 2008, p. 1, archived from
972:
5864:
5578:
2473:
Vive Quebec!: new thinking and new approaches to the Quebec nation
1678:
687:, or by winning support of other parties on a vote-by-vote basis.
4694:
4658:
4628:
3722:. The C.D. Howe Series in Canadian Political History. UBC Press.
2412:'I need help': Why did Canada's first lady spark such a backlash?
989:
3831:
Official government Web site of the Office of the Prime Minister
1943:(6 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, pp. 3–4,
1074:, other members of parliament may address the prime minister as
4668:
4437:
3122:
2227:"Will the prorogation of Parliament set off a populist revolt?"
1043:
333:
4246:
Export Promotion, International Trade and Economic Development
3281:. Vol. 9. Santa Fe: Santa Fe Magazine. 1914. p. 44.
2810:"Did You Know > The Langevin Block from Yesterday to Today"
2614:(1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 16,
1054:
Canada continues the Westminster tradition of using the title
951:
Prior to 1919, it was traditional for the monarch to bestow a
62:. For the government agency associated with the position, see
4699:
1846:
Media > Fact Sheets > The Swearing-In of a New Ministry
1381:
announced his intention to resign as prime minister in 1920.
1017:
Argent four maple leaves conjoined in cross at the stem Gules
3379:
3145:
2127:"Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Canada Elections Act"
1635:(5 ed.). Don Mills: Oxford University Press. pp.
585:, the first prime minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)
2524:"Only in Canada: Harper's prorogation is a Canadian thing"
1315:
When the position is held by a woman, the French title is
1282:
List of prime ministers of Canada by religious affiliation
4406:
2055:"How Canadians Govern Themselves > The Prime Minister"
713:, they are sometimes erroneously referred to as Canada's
4256:
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario
4231:
Employment, Workforce Development and Official Languages
2837:"Frequently Asked Questions on State Funerals in Canada"
2385:"The Prime Minister's Wife: What Is Her Title, Exactly?"
1330:
When the style is held by a woman, the French title is:
860:, the official residence of the prime minister of Canada
543:
wrote, "where the government is defeated and there is a
2183:
1816:
Survey suggests Canadians ignorant of government system
882:
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building
213:
Office of the Prime Minister and Privy Council building
3196:
2337:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 362.
1142:
3830:
3123:
Department of Canadian Heritage (October 16, 2017).
3076:"Chrétien, Joseph Jacques Jean [Individual]"
2834:
2551:
2476:. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company. p. 91.
2040:
1984:
1234:
996:
in Canada. No prime minister has since been titled.
307:
1277:
List of prime ministers of Canada by time in office
567:, succeeded prime ministers who had died in office—
4221:Diversity, Inclusion and Persons with Disabilities
3779:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Shorelawn Publishing.
3250:"Premier Pledges Canada to Fight Until War is Won"
3051:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
3022:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2993:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2964:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2935:. Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Archived from
2263:
1661:"Privy Council Office | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
658:prior to the date mandated by the constitution or
352:; as such, the prime minister typically sits as a
3598:. Vol. XVIII (1951–1960) (online ed.).
2886:
2499:"Keep the Queen and choose another head of state"
1096:the Right Honourable Minister of National Defence
1068:The Right Honourable , , Prime Minister of Canada
912:Serving or former prime ministers are accorded a
705:Canada's prime ministers during its first century
6765:
3648:. Vol. XXII (1991–2000) (online ed.).
3467:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.).
3439:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.).
3431:"Bennett, Richard Bedford, 1st Viscount Bennett"
3224:"The Proposed Union of Canada with Newfoundland"
3043:
3041:
3014:
3012:
2804:
2780:"GG reflects on mandate during farewell address"
1709:
1267:Historical rankings of prime ministers of Canada
1070:. However, while in the House of Commons during
884:(formerly known as Langevin Block), across from
5732:
5593:
4266:Fisheries, Oceans, and the Canadian Coast Guard
3548:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
3520:. Vol. XIV (1911–1920) (online ed.).
2956:
2954:
2872:. Vol. XII (1891–1900) (online ed.).
1741:Branch, Legislative Services (August 7, 2020).
1031:, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Brian Mulroney,
509:
5579:Heads of state and government of North America
3623:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3573:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
3495:. Vol. XX (1971–1980) (online ed.).
2985:
2983:
1215:, as well as working in the financial sector;
1123:provincial and territorial heads of government
1098:, or should they become opposition leader, as
5880:
5564:
4422:
4147:
3945:
3931:
3667:List of books about prime ministers of Canada
3203:. Hamilton: Spectator Printing Co. p. 15
3038:
3009:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2270:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. p.
1292:List of books about prime ministers of Canada
1100:the Right Honourable Leader of the Opposition
3755:
3319:(5). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing: 459–460.
3228:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs
2951:
2839:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2812:. Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from
2647:Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law
1893:
1891:
1849:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1719:, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from
1331:
1316:
1287:Prime ministers of Canada in popular culture
1130:
945:The mark of the prime ministership of Canada
916:, wherein their casket lies in state in the
79:
2980:
2470:Blair, Louisa (2001). Venne, Michel (ed.).
2220:
2218:
2074:
2072:
1472:is the current residence of Justin Trudeau.
1082:. Former prime ministers retain the prefix
551:prime minister. Two former prime ministers—
450:(twenty-two men and one woman) have formed
15:
5887:
5873:
5571:
5557:
4493:World wars and interwar period (1914–1945)
4429:
4415:
4154:
4140:
4116:
3938:
3924:
3642:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3617:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3592:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3567:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3489:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3461:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3433:. In Cook, Ramsay; BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (eds.).
3306:
2920:
2108:
2106:
2026:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1843:Office of the Governor General of Canada,
984:by King George VI as Viscount Bennett, of
559:—served in the 1890s while members of the
90:
16:
4251:Families, Children and Social Development
3736:
3587:
3556:
3542:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
3533:
3531:
3514:. In Cook, Ramsay; Hamelin, Jean (eds.).
2782:. CTV. September 14, 2005. Archived from
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1888:
1759:
1349:died in office in 1891, Governor General
1160:
725:the Crown on how to exercise much of the
614:is usually chosen; while the Liberal and
3562:
3509:
2408:
2215:
2069:
2011:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1495:
1164:
1042:
1013:mark of the Prime Ministership of Canada
947:, applied to the arms of prime ministers
939:
920:of Parliament Hill. Only Bowell and the
852:
841:(GST) came before the Senate, and given
765:
700:
577:
60:joint premiers of the Province of Canada
24:This is an accepted version of this page
4965:
4286:Housing, Infrastructure and Communities
3801:
3694:
3637:
3612:
3581:
3537:
3480:
3478:
3221:
3073:
2671:
2634:
2601:
2432:
2258:
2103:
2090:
1496:Heritage, Canadian (October 16, 2017).
1003:(CHA) grants former prime ministers an
650:to five years, a 2007 amendment to the
481:
435:, and the chairs and boards of various
407:The prime minister is supported by the
14:
6766:
5389:
4201:Associate Minister of National Defence
3774:
3673:
3528:
3453:
2575:
2552:Parliament of Canada (June 23, 2015),
2496:
2332:
2320:
2224:
2209:
2144:
2112:
2078:
2052:
1971:
1930:
1909:
1897:
1870:
1740:
1628:
1608:"Indemnities, Salaries and Allowances"
1491:
1489:
1396:
1297:Spouse of the prime minister of Canada
1129:(in French, premiers are addressed as
646:While the lifespan of a parliament is
384:of the Cabinet, which is collectively
368:, selects other ministers to form the
344:, the prime minister governs with the
5868:
5552:
5195:Metropolitan areas and agglomerations
4410:
4296:Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship
4161:
4135:
3919:
3715:
3484:
3428:
3307:Freshfield, A. C. Haddon (May 1913).
2861:
2745:
2708:
2469:
2415:, Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2382:
2294:
1920:from the original on October 21, 2019
1595:
1109:, a custom that continued during the
690:
376:is vested in the monarch (who is the
64:Office of the Prime Minister (Canada)
3475:
3361:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2010
2751:"A lightning rod for patriotic love"
2521:
2359:"Time to address democratic deficit"
778:and into the 21st, analysts—such as
404:), a privilege maintained for life.
5894:
5468:Topics by provinces and territories
4396:Women and Gender Equality and Youth
3680:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
2640:
2383:Zamon, Rebecca (November 4, 2015).
2016:(1 ed.), Cambridge, p. 35
1786:
1769:, Ottawa: King's Printer for Canada
1632:Canadian Democracy: An Introduction
1486:
1409:
1199:dying while still in the post; and
1094:title (if appointed to one), as in
1080:the Right Honourable Prime Minister
1038:
868:are provided to the prime minister—
58:. For the historical position, see
48:
3660:
2864:"Thompson, Sir John Sparrow David"
2720:. Toronto: Rogers Communications.
2653:(3). Perth: Murdoch University: 12
2522:Foot, Richard (January 15, 2010),
2124:
1877:, Toronto: Ontario Bar Association
1836:
1690:Library of the Canadian Parliament
1426:
1143:Prime minister-designate of Canada
753:ambassadors and high commissioners
49:
6795:
3824:
3756:English, J.R.; Dutil, P. (2023).
3355:"Sir John Sparrow David Thompson"
3275:"The Santa Fe magazine, Volume 9"
3020:"Mulroney, Rt. Hon. Martin Brian"
2962:"Trudeau, Rt. Hon. Pierre Elliot"
2866:. In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.).
2225:Geddes, John (January 25, 2009).
1910:Bryden, Joan (October 19, 2019),
1385:was summoned by Governor General
1272:List of prime ministers of Canada
1019:); the augmentation is usually a
809:Westminster parliamentary systems
626:
504:same office in the United Kingdom
372:and chairs it. Constitutionally,
6467:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5840:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5701:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
5531:
5530:
5518:
4301:Innovation, Science and Industry
4115:
4106:
4105:
3645:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3620:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3595:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3570:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3545:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3517:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3492:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3464:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
3436:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2933:"Clark, Rt. Hon. Charles Joseph"
2869:Dictionary of Canadian Biography
2497:Franks, C.E.S. (April 9, 2010),
2435:"The Senior Realms of the Queen"
1251:
1237:
1088:the Right Honourable Member for
1076:the Right Honourable Member for
896:for international flights and a
4553:Former colonies and territories
4351:Public Services and Procurement
3842:Library of Parliament of Canada
3631:
3606:
3503:
3447:
3422:
3399:
3373:
3347:
3300:
3267:
3242:
3215:
3190:
3165:
3147:Department of Canadian Heritage
3139:
3116:
3086:
3067:
2906:
2880:
2855:
2828:
2798:
2772:
2739:
2702:
2672:Neitsch, Alfred Thomas (2008).
2665:
2595:
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2490:
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2426:
2409:Alberici, Emma (May 18, 2016),
2402:
2376:
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2295:Coyne, Andrew (June 30, 2015).
2288:
2252:
2203:
2177:
2118:
2091:Grenier, Éric (July 12, 2018).
2084:
2046:
2034:
2012:Jennings, William Ivor (1947),
2005:
1937:How Canadians Govern Themselves
1924:
1903:
1864:
1830:
1807:
1780:
1753:
1734:
1703:
1653:
1339:
1324:
1183:. A number were leaders of the
1060:Department of Canadian Heritage
988:in the County of Surrey and of
757:provincial lieutenant governors
697:King's Privy Council for Canada
685:confidence-and-supply agreement
593:, after losing his seat in the
565:government leader in the Senate
4488:Post-Confederation (1867–1914)
4241:Environment and Climate Change
3459:"King, William Lyon Mackenzie"
3256:, p. 1, November 21, 1916
3197:Grand Lodge of Canada (1884).
3098:The Governor General of Canada
2991:"Turner, Rt. Hon. John Napier"
2576:Selley, Chris (May 28, 2015).
2125:Branch, Legislative Services.
1665:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1622:
1570:
1552:The Governor General of Canada
1540:
1515:
1462:
1453:
1309:
13:
1:
6779:1867 establishments in Canada
3847:Canada's Best Prime Ministers
3739:The Prime Ministers of Canada
3094:"Paul Edgar Phillippe Martin"
2681:Canadian Parliamentary Review
2053:Forsey, Eugene (March 2012).
1985:Government of Canada (1970),
1819:, CBC News, December 14, 2008
1790:The Crown in the 21st Century
1479:
1468:Under renovation since 2015.
982:peerage of the United Kingdom
902:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
848:
798:are sometimes referred to as
348:of a majority of the elected
4321:Mental Health and Addictions
4236:Energy and Natural Resources
4196:Associate Minister of Health
3889:Canadian order of precedence
3588:Glassford, Larry A. (2016).
3387:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3222:Hopkins, J. Castell (1901).
3153:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3127:. Queen's Printer for Canada
3049:"Campbell, Rt. Hon. Kim, PC"
2641:Cox, Noel (September 2002).
2558:, Queen's Printer for Canada
2433:Jackson, Michael D. (2009).
2191:. Queen's Printer for Canada
2057:. Queen's Printer for Canada
815:(as is the case in the UK).
741:Office of the Prime Minister
510:Qualifications and selection
51:Head of government of Canada
7:
6057:Congo (Democratic Republic)
4533:Crown and Indigenous people
4371:Sport and Physical Activity
3650:University of Toronto Press
3625:University of Toronto Press
3600:University of Toronto Press
3575:University of Toronto Press
3550:University of Toronto Press
3522:University of Toronto Press
3497:University of Toronto Press
3469:University of Toronto Press
3441:University of Toronto Press
3381:Library and Archives Canada
3179:, p. 9, March 12, 1893
3102:Canadian Heraldic Authority
2874:University of Toronto Press
2185:Library and Archives Canada
1686:"Prime Ministers of Canada"
1351:the Lord Stanley of Preston
1318:première ministre du Canada
1230:
1001:Canadian Heraldic Authority
802:). Former governor general
771:William Lyon Mackenzie King
591:William Lyon Mackenzie King
573:John Sparrow David Thompson
553:John Joseph Caldwell Abbott
10:
6800:
5423:Provincial and territorial
5346:Inventions and discoveries
4483:British Canada (1763–1867)
4436:
4356:Rural Economic Development
4216:Crown–Indigenous Relations
3878:Governor General of Canada
3664:
3487:"Diefenbaker, John George"
3408:"John Alexander MacDonald"
2894:Queen's Printer for Canada
2835:State Funerals in Canada.
2233:. Toronto: Kenneth Whyte.
1361:. Ahead of Prime Minister
1146:
1135:, literally translated as
880:—as well an office in the
694:
637:The prime minister serves
630:
563:. Both, in their roles as
326:premier ministre du Canada
81:Premier ministre du Canada
53:
6774:Prime ministers of Canada
6650:
5902:
5723:
5584:
5512:
5476:
5450:
5301:
5217:
5187:
5139:
5130:
5031:
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4712:
4682:
4649:Newfoundland and Labrador
4621:
4610:
4516:
4453:
4444:
4306:International Development
4191:Agriculture and Agri-Food
4169:
4101:
3953:
3947:Prime ministers of Canada
3894:
3884:
3866:
3861:
3640:"Trudeau, Pierre Elliott"
3563:Bothwell, Robert (2016).
3538:Buckner, Phillip (1998).
2266:The Friendly Dictatorship
2041:Government of Canada 1970
1387:the Viscount Byng of Vimy
640:at His Majesty's pleasure
302:
286:
276:
268:
258:
252:constitutional convention
246:
241:At His Majesty's pleasure
234:
218:
206:
194:
184:
156:
148:
123:
112:
87:
78:
73:
6592:Turks and Caicos Islands
6042:Central African Republic
3886:Prime Minister of Canada
3836:Prime Minister of Canada
3802:Stewart, J.D.M. (2018).
3615:"Pearson, Lester Bowles"
3313:The Geographical Journal
2442:Canadian Monarchist News
1994:, WordPress, p. 145
1763:(October 1, 1947), "I",
1629:Brooks, Stephen (2007).
1365:'s resignation in 1896,
1302:
1219:, who was Chancellor of
1149:Prime minister-designate
900:for domestic trips. The
796:prime minister's spouses
666:was the only time since
648:constitutionally limited
545:leader of the opposition
322:prime minister of Canada
74:Prime Minister of Canada
31:latest accepted revision
4583:Persons of significance
4578:National Historic Sites
4276:Government House Leader
3906:Chief Justice of Canada
3701:. Pembroke Publishers.
3510:BĂ©langer, RĂ©al (1998).
3359:Encyclopædia Britannica
2333:Savoie, Donald (1999).
2131:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1747:laws-lois.justice.gc.ca
1548:"Constitutional Duties"
876:, a country retreat in
843:Canada's federal nature
732:constitutional monarchy
721:and is responsible for
474:, leaving Trudeau with
429:Supreme Court of Canada
409:Prime Minister's Office
360:'s representative, the
247:Constituting instrument
230:of the House of Commons
6002:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4478:New France (1534–1763)
4226:Emergency Preparedness
3737:Donaldson, G. (1994).
3638:English, John (2016).
3613:English, John (2016).
3512:"Laurier, Sir Wilfrid"
3485:Smith, Dennis (2016).
2714:"Defending the royals"
1610:. Parliament of Canada
1332:
1317:
1172:
1161:Activities post-tenure
1131:
1062:advises that the term
1051:
1005:augmentation of honour
948:
904:also furnish constant
861:
839:Goods and Services Tax
774:
706:
586:
517:responsible government
489:Constitution Act, 1982
401:
325:
80:
6477:São Tomé and Principe
6457:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5830:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5691:Saint Kitts and Nevis
4690:Northwest Territories
4593:Territorial evolution
4186:Deputy Prime Minister
3775:Schlee, Gary (2018).
3665:Further information:
3540:"Tupper, Sir Charles"
2888:Library of Parliament
2712:(November 13, 2009).
1871:Pothen, Phil (2009),
1393:as his chief advisor.
1187:: John A. Macdonald,
1168:
1147:Further information:
1046:
943:
856:
837:'s bill creating the
769:
761:Canadian Armed Forces
747:, senators, heads of
704:
695:Further information:
631:Further information:
595:1925 federal election
581:
460:2015 federal election
423:), as well as to the
281:Deputy Prime Minister
6784:Government of Canada
6612:United Arab Emirates
4664:Prince Edward Island
3862:Order of precedence
3805:Being Prime Minister
3741:. Doubleday Canada.
3695:Coucill, I. (2005).
3565:"St. Laurent, Louis"
3429:Waite, P.B. (2016).
2862:Waite, P.B. (1990).
2843:on December 27, 2009
2806:Privy Council Office
2451:on December 29, 2009
2166:on December 16, 2008
1960:on December 29, 2009
1723:on February 27, 2014
1711:Privy Council Office
1371:the Earl of Aberdeen
1345:When Prime Minister
1132:premier ministre du
1084:the Right Honourable
800:First Lady of Canada
660:Canada Elections Act
652:Canada Elections Act
620:New Democratic Party
495:Letters Patent, 1947
482:Origin of the office
476:minority governments
413:Privy Council Office
398:the Right Honourable
354:member of Parliament
133:The Right Honourable
118:Privy Council Office
114:Government of Canada
6582:Trinidad and Tobago
5932:Antigua and Barbuda
5845:Trinidad and Tobago
5740:Antigua and Barbuda
5725:Heads of government
5706:Trinidad and Tobago
5601:Antigua and Barbuda
5019:Firearms regulation
4291:Indigenous Services
3674:Brodie, I. (2018).
3125:"Styles of address"
2786:on October 13, 2007
2690:on October 25, 2012
2534:on January 18, 2010
2389:The Huffington Post
1498:"Styles of address"
1377:as prime minister.
1221:Carleton University
1213:McGill Universities
1185:Official Opposition
961:Alexander Mackenzie
866:official residences
711:Canadian government
417:lieutenant governor
374:executive authority
21:Page version status
5780:Dominican Republic
5641:Dominican Republic
5200:Population centres
4211:Citizens' Services
3716:Dutil, P. (2017).
3254:The New York Times
3177:The New York Times
2915:The London Gazette
2749:(April 10, 2002),
2503:The Globe and Mail
2365:, January 27, 2010
2212:, pp. 233–235
2014:Cabinet Government
1173:
1137:prime minister of
1064:Mr. Prime Minister
1052:
1023:or centred in the
949:
862:
775:
749:Crown corporations
719:head of government
707:
691:Role and authority
587:
527:, or a very large
448:23 prime ministers
437:Crown corporations
342:Westminster system
330:head of government
27:
6761:
6760:
6117:Equatorial Guinea
5862:
5861:
5858:
5857:
5719:
5718:
5546:
5545:
5525:Canada portal
5446:
5445:
5213:
5212:
5027:
5026:
4982:Political parties
4950:Foreign relations
4865:
4864:
4752:Canadian Prairies
4742:Pacific Northwest
4708:
4707:
4606:
4605:
4563:Foreign relations
4404:
4403:
4206:Canadian Heritage
4163:Cabinet of Canada
4129:
4128:
3914:
3913:
3910:
3895:Succeeded by
3882:
3815:978-1-4597-3849-2
3786:978-1-7753780-0-6
3767:978-0-7748-6855-6
3748:978-0-385-25454-0
3729:978-0-7748-3476-6
3708:978-1-55138-185-5
3687:978-0-7735-5378-1
3590:"Meighen, Arthur"
3410:. Queen's Printer
3383:(June 25, 2008).
3104:. August 15, 2013
2621:978-0-662-46012-1
2608:A Crown of Maples
2603:MacLeod, Kevin S.
2483:978-1-55028-734-9
2344:978-0-8020-8252-7
2281:978-0-7710-8079-1
1646:978-0-19-543103-2
1582:www.ourcommons.ca
1558:on April 23, 2020
1527:www.ourcommons.ca
1442:Cabinet of Canada
1421:Cabinet of Canada
1347:John A. Macdonald
1333:La très honorable
1217:Lester B. Pearson
1205:Louis St. Laurent
1107:Premier of Canada
965:Nickle Resolution
906:personal security
890:official aircraft
804:Adrienne Clarkson
727:royal prerogative
656:writs of election
583:John A. Macdonald
569:John A. Macdonald
533:form a government
498:, issued by King
402:Le très honorable
318:
317:
263:John A. Macdonald
39:18 September 2024
18:
6791:
6713:Nagorno-Karabakh
6417:Papua New Guinea
6052:Congo (Republic)
5889:
5882:
5875:
5866:
5865:
5733:Sovereign states
5730:
5729:
5594:Sovereign states
5591:
5590:
5573:
5566:
5559:
5550:
5549:
5534:
5533:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5387:
5386:
5230:Higher education
5137:
5136:
5122:Science and tech
5009:Multiculturalism
4963:
4962:
4945:Local government
4910:House of Commons
4894:Governor General
4730:
4719:
4718:
4634:British Columbia
4619:
4618:
4473:Pre-colonization
4451:
4450:
4431:
4424:
4417:
4408:
4407:
4391:Veterans Affairs
4336:Northern Affairs
4331:National Revenue
4326:National Defence
4156:
4149:
4142:
4133:
4132:
4119:
4118:
4109:
4108:
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3901:
3873:
3867:Preceded by
3859:
3858:
3819:
3798:
3771:
3752:
3733:
3712:
3691:
3654:
3653:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3482:
3473:
3472:
3455:Neatby, H. Blair
3451:
3445:
3444:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3055:on June 13, 2011
3045:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3016:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2997:on June 13, 2011
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2939:on June 13, 2011
2929:
2918:
2917:, July 22, 1941.
2910:
2904:
2903:
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2821:
2802:
2796:
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2793:
2791:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2757:, archived from
2743:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
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2689:
2678:
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2588:
2573:
2567:
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2565:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2530:, archived from
2519:
2513:
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2509:
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2311:
2309:
2307:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2269:
2260:Simpson, Jeffrey
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2222:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2181:
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2165:
2158:
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2116:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1988:Governor General
1982:
1969:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1953:, archived from
1942:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1907:
1901:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1853:on June 16, 2008
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1651:
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1617:
1615:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1554:. Archived from
1544:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1493:
1473:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1445:
1434:Responsibilities
1430:
1424:
1413:
1407:
1400:
1394:
1363:Mackenzie Bowell
1343:
1337:
1335:
1328:
1322:
1320:
1313:
1261:
1256:
1255:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1193:John Diefenbaker
1155:governor general
1134:
1039:Style of address
922:Viscount Bennett
828:Reform Act, 2014
676:opposition party
664:King–Byng Affair
557:Mackenzie Bowell
521:House of Commons
425:Senate of Canada
362:governor general
350:House of Commons
314:
311:
309:
298:
296:
259:Inaugural holder
223:Governor General
189:House of Commons
177:
107:
106:November 4, 2015
94:
83:
71:
70:
56:Premier (Canada)
6799:
6798:
6794:
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6789:
6788:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6646:
6517:Solomon Islands
6397:North Macedonia
6082:Northern Cyprus
5904:
5903:Prime ministers
5898:
5896:Prime ministers
5893:
5863:
5854:
5715:
5580:
5577:
5547:
5542:
5519:
5517:
5508:
5472:
5442:
5385:
5297:
5288:Social programs
5254:Law enforcement
5209:
5183:
5126:
5023:
4961:
4861:
4801:
4788:Atlantic Canada
4766:Canadian Shield
4761:Northern Canada
4728:
4727:
4704:
4678:
4614:and territories
4613:
4602:
4512:
4459:
4440:
4435:
4405:
4400:
4271:Foreign Affairs
4165:
4160:
4130:
4125:
4097:
3949:
3944:
3900:
3887:
3872:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3787:
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3730:
3709:
3688:
3669:
3663:
3661:Further reading
3658:
3657:
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3404:
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3390:
3388:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3325:10.2307/1778163
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3259:
3257:
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3243:
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3216:
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3195:
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3128:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3072:
3068:
3058:
3056:
3047:
3046:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3026:on July 6, 2011
3018:
3017:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2968:on May 15, 2011
2960:
2959:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2930:
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2911:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2885:
2881:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2833:
2829:
2819:
2817:
2816:on May 22, 2013
2803:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2764:
2762:
2761:on May 23, 2006
2744:
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2018:
2010:
2006:
1997:
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1991:
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1963:
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1951:
1940:
1929:
1925:
1916:, Global News,
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1259:Politics portal
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1197:Wilfrid Laurier
1163:
1151:
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1111:First World War
1072:Question Period
1041:
886:Parliament Hill
874:Harrington Lake
870:24 Sussex Drive
858:24 Sussex Drive
851:
780:Jeffrey Simpson
699:
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512:
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201:24 Sussex Drive
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6617:United Kingdom
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5586:Heads of state
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5489:Historiography
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5205:Municipalities
5202:
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5184:
5182:
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5117:Transportation
5114:
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5102:Stock exchange
5099:
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5072:
5070:Communications
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4916:Prime Minister
4913:
4907:
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4859:
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4837:National Parks
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4813:
4811:
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4802:
4800:
4799:
4798:
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4783:Eastern Canada
4780:
4779:
4778:
4771:Central Canada
4768:
4763:
4758:
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4756:
4755:
4754:
4744:
4737:Western Canada
4733:
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4729:(west to east)
4716:
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1189:Arthur Meighen
1181:House of Lords
1177:Stephen Harper
1170:Lester Pearson
1162:
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1144:
1141:
1119:prime minister
1056:Prime Minister
1040:
1037:
931:Queen Victoria
927:Windsor Castle
898:Challenger 601
894:CC-150 Polaris
872:in Ottawa and
850:
847:
835:Brian Mulroney
820:caucus revolts
692:
689:
628:
627:Term of office
625:
603:Pierre Trudeau
511:
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472:2021 elections
462:, wherein his
456:Justin Trudeau
433:federal courts
411:and heads the
366:first minister
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4341:Privy Council
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4058:P. E. Trudeau
4056:
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4048:P. E. Trudeau
4046:
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3891:(ceremonial)
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3168:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3126:
3119:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3054:
3050:
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3042:
3025:
3021:
3015:
3013:
2996:
2992:
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2938:
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2913:
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2875:
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2842:
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2815:
2811:
2807:
2801:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2760:
2756:
2755:National Post
2752:
2748:
2747:Coyne, Andrew
2742:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:Coyne, Andrew
2705:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2637:
2623:
2617:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2598:
2583:
2582:National Post
2579:
2572:
2557:
2556:
2548:
2533:
2529:
2528:National Post
2525:
2518:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2466:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2429:
2414:
2413:
2405:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2329:
2323:, p. 258
2322:
2317:
2302:
2301:National Post
2298:
2291:
2283:
2277:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2255:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2219:
2211:
2206:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2162:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2109:
2107:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2056:
2049:
2043:, p. 146
2042:
2037:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2008:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1956:
1952:
1950:0-662-39689-8
1946:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1900:, p. 235
1899:
1894:
1892:
1881:September 13,
1876:
1875:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1833:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1792:
1791:
1783:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1687:
1681:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1614:September 10,
1609:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1543:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1503:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1485:
1471:
1465:
1456:
1452:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1405:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:Robert Borden
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1355:John Thompson
1352:
1348:
1342:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1312:
1308:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
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1270:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1245:Canada portal
1235:
1228:
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1222:
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1210:
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1198:
1194:
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1120:
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1103:
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1089:
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1073:
1069:
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1057:
1049:
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1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
978:Robert Borden
974:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
946:
942:
938:
936:
932:
928:
923:
919:
915:
914:state funeral
910:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
878:Gatineau Park
875:
871:
867:
859:
855:
846:
844:
840:
836:
831:
829:
825:
824:Jean Chrétien
821:
816:
814:
810:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
784:Donald Savoie
781:
772:
768:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:Supreme Court
742:
737:
733:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:head of state
712:
703:
698:
688:
686:
682:
677:
671:
669:
668:Confederation
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
644:
642:
641:
634:
624:
621:
617:
613:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
584:
580:
576:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
548:
546:
542:
541:Ivor Jennings
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
507:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
490:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
464:Liberal Party
461:
457:
453:
452:29 ministries
449:
445:
444:Confederation
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
390:Privy Council
387:
383:
379:
378:head of state
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
313:
305:
301:
294:
289:
285:
282:
279:
275:
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264:
261:
257:
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249:
245:
242:
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233:
229:
224:
221:
217:
214:
211:
209:
205:
202:
199:
197:
193:
190:
187:
183:
176:
172:
170:
169:Privy Council
167:
165:
162:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
138:
134:
131:
130:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
101:
93:
86:
82:
77:
72:
69:
65:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
6743:Turkmenistan
6733:South Africa
6502:Sint Maarten
6482:Saudi Arabia
6062:Cook Islands
6031:
6012:Burkina Faso
5759:
5535:
5516:
5484:Bibliography
5406:Coat of arms
5390:
5311:Architecture
5281:Homelessness
5132:Demographics
5051:Floriculture
4987:Human rights
4966:
4955:Peacekeeping
4915:
4884:Constitution
4806:
4747:Great Plains
4722:
4674:Saskatchewan
4517:
4461:
4454:
4173:
3946:
3903:
3902:
3885:
3875:
3874:
3850:
3804:
3776:
3757:
3738:
3718:
3697:
3676:
3643:
3633:
3618:
3608:
3593:
3583:
3568:
3558:
3543:
3515:
3505:
3490:
3462:
3449:
3434:
3424:
3412:. Retrieved
3401:
3389:. Retrieved
3375:
3363:. Retrieved
3358:
3349:
3316:
3312:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3279:The Santa Fe
3278:
3269:
3258:, retrieved
3253:
3244:
3232:. Retrieved
3227:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3199:
3192:
3181:, retrieved
3176:
3167:
3155:. Retrieved
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3118:
3108:November 29,
3106:. Retrieved
3097:
3088:
3079:
3069:
3057:. Retrieved
3053:the original
3028:. Retrieved
3024:the original
2999:. Retrieved
2995:the original
2970:. Retrieved
2966:the original
2941:. Retrieved
2937:the original
2914:
2908:
2898:December 10,
2896:. Retrieved
2882:
2867:
2857:
2847:December 10,
2845:. Retrieved
2841:the original
2830:
2818:. Retrieved
2814:the original
2800:
2788:. Retrieved
2784:the original
2774:
2763:, retrieved
2759:the original
2754:
2741:
2729:. Retrieved
2717:
2704:
2692:. Retrieved
2685:the original
2680:
2667:
2655:. Retrieved
2650:
2646:
2636:
2625:, retrieved
2607:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:
2571:
2560:, retrieved
2554:
2547:
2536:, retrieved
2532:the original
2527:
2517:
2506:, retrieved
2502:
2492:
2472:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2446:the original
2441:
2428:
2417:, retrieved
2411:
2404:
2392:. Retrieved
2388:
2378:
2367:, retrieved
2363:Toronto Star
2362:
2353:
2334:
2328:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:
2290:
2265:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2230:
2205:
2193:. Retrieved
2179:
2168:, retrieved
2161:the original
2152:
2146:
2136:November 17,
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2120:
2096:
2086:
2081:, p. 38
2061:November 26,
2059:. Retrieved
2048:
2036:
2013:
2007:
1996:, retrieved
1987:
1962:, retrieved
1955:the original
1936:
1926:
1912:
1905:
1879:, retrieved
1873:
1866:
1855:, retrieved
1851:the original
1845:
1838:
1832:
1821:, retrieved
1815:
1809:
1798:, retrieved
1789:
1782:
1771:, retrieved
1765:
1755:
1746:
1736:
1725:, retrieved
1721:the original
1715:
1705:
1695:February 26,
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1680:
1668:. Retrieved
1664:
1655:
1631:
1624:
1612:. Retrieved
1585:. Retrieved
1581:
1572:
1560:. Retrieved
1556:the original
1551:
1542:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1505:. Retrieved
1501:
1464:
1455:
1428:
1411:
1398:
1383:Thomas White
1367:Donald Smith
1341:
1326:
1311:
1174:
1152:
1136:
1126:
1121:, while the
1118:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1053:
1048:Kim Campbell
1033:Kim Campbell
1016:
1012:
1009:coat of arms
998:
969:aristocratic
956:
950:
918:Centre Block
911:
863:
832:
827:
817:
799:
788:Andrew Coyne
776:
708:
672:
659:
651:
645:
638:
636:
623:Parliament.
616:Conservative
608:
588:
571:in 1891 and
549:
537:
513:
493:
487:
485:
441:
406:
340:. Under the
321:
319:
272:July 1, 1867
149:Abbreviation
68:
38:
29:This is the
23:
6723:Philippines
6462:Saint Lucia
6387:New Zealand
6382:Netherlands
6257:South Korea
6252:North Korea
5917:Afghanistan
5835:Saint Lucia
5785:El Salvador
5696:Saint Lucia
5646:El Salvador
5366:Individuals
5174:2021 Census
5159:Immigration
5041:Agriculture
5002:Transgender
4842:Great Lakes
4822:Earthquakes
4776:Great Lakes
4683:Territories
4654:Nova Scotia
4573:Monarchical
4558:Immigration
4038:Diefenbaker
4033:St. Laurent
3808:. Dundurn.
3414:January 25,
3391:January 25,
3365:January 25,
3292:January 25,
3260:January 25,
3234:January 25,
3207:January 25,
3183:January 25,
3157:January 24,
2820:January 17,
2538:January 16,
2508:January 23,
2455:January 17,
2369:January 27,
2321:Brooks 2007
2244:January 27,
2210:Brooks 2007
2195:January 18,
2115:, p. 5
2113:Forsey 2005
2079:Forsey 2005
1964:December 9,
1898:Brooks 2007
1670:October 30,
1373:to appoint
1359:John Abbott
1353:approached
1225:Paul Martin
1125:are termed
1090:, by their
792:John Gomery
599:John Turner
386:responsible
358:the monarch
236:Term length
104:since
6768:Categories
6728:Seychelles
6622:Uzbekistan
6562:Tajikistan
6362:Mozambique
6352:Montenegro
6332:Mauritania
6312:Madagascar
6307:Luxembourg
6272:Kyrgyzstan
6247:Kazakhstan
6107:East Timor
6037:Cape Verde
5967:Bangladesh
5952:Azerbaijan
5905:by country
5765:Costa Rica
5626:Costa Rica
5494:Historians
5351:Literature
5264:Corruption
5247:Euthanasia
5237:Healthcare
5179:Population
4901:Parliament
4871:Government
4508:since 1982
4093:J. Trudeau
3870:Mary Simon
3838:on YouTube
3795:1108336247
2555:Bill C-586
1480:References
1404:Ipsos-Reid
1078:or simply
953:knighthood
849:Privileges
492:, and the
364:, and, as
346:confidence
338:convention
228:confidence
185:Reports to
164:Parliament
141:(informal)
6688:Indonesia
6547:Swaziland
6537:Sri Lanka
6497:Singapore
6412:Palestine
6337:Mauritius
6302:Lithuania
6167:Greenland
5947:Australia
5820:Nicaragua
5795:Guatemala
5681:Nicaragua
5656:Guatemala
5269:Terrorism
5225:Education
5164:Languages
5152:Ethnicity
5147:Canadians
5095:Petroleum
5075:Companies
4977:Elections
4857:Volcanism
4832:Mountains
4714:Geography
4622:Provinces
4612:Provinces
4543:Etymology
4503:1960–1981
4498:1945–1960
4456:Year list
4381:Transport
3968:Macdonald
3963:Mackenzie
3958:Macdonald
3852:Maclean's
3333:0016-7398
3287:0036-4541
3131:April 10,
3080:reg.gg.ca
2790:August 8,
2726:0024-9262
2718:Maclean's
2239:0024-9262
2231:Maclean's
1998:March 14,
1761:George VI
1587:April 20,
1562:April 20,
1532:April 20,
1092:portfolio
1029:Joe Clark
986:Mickleham
973:chivalric
681:coalition
612:safe seat
601:replaced
575:in 1894.
529:plurality
500:George VI
446:in 1867,
421:provinces
400:(French:
328:) is the
324:(French:
269:Formation
226:with the
219:Appointer
196:Residence
157:Member of
97:Incumbent
6753:Zimbabwe
6708:Maldives
6572:Thailand
6567:Tanzania
6512:Slovenia
6507:Slovakia
6432:Portugal
6407:Pakistan
6347:Mongolia
6317:Malaysia
6127:Ethiopia
6102:Dominica
6097:Djibouti
6027:Cameroon
6022:Cambodia
6007:Bulgaria
5972:Barbados
5912:Abkhazia
5805:Honduras
5775:Dominica
5750:Barbados
5666:Honduras
5636:Dominica
5611:Barbados
5537:Category
5477:Research
5451:Contents
5433:Heraldic
5341:Identity
5336:Holidays
5331:Folklore
5242:Abortion
5169:Religion
5107:Taxation
5014:Cannabis
4992:Intersex
4968:Politics
4940:Military
4852:Wildlife
4639:Manitoba
4568:Military
4538:Economic
4463:timeline
4111:Category
4078:Chrétien
4073:Campbell
4068:Mulroney
3978:Thompson
3457:(2016).
2731:April 9,
2627:June 21,
2605:(2008),
2306:June 30,
2262:(2001).
2097:CBC News
2022:citation
1934:(2005),
1918:archived
1507:March 6,
1231:See also
1127:premiers
994:Hopewell
929:, where
723:advising
525:majority
431:, other
419:(in the
136:(formal)
35:reviewed
6718:Nigeria
6673:Comoros
6632:Vietnam
6627:Vanuatu
6607:Ukraine
6587:Tunisia
6522:Somalia
6487:Senegal
6442:Romania
6372:Namibia
6367:Myanmar
6357:Morocco
6342:Moldova
6292:Lesotho
6287:Lebanon
6232:Jamaica
6217:Ireland
6202:Iceland
6197:Hungary
6172:Grenada
6157:Georgia
6142:Finland
6122:Estonia
6092:Denmark
6077:Curaçao
6067:Croatia
6017:Burundi
5992:Bermuda
5982:Belgium
5977:Belarus
5962:Bahrain
5957:Bahamas
5937:Armenia
5927:Algeria
5922:Albania
5810:Jamaica
5790:Grenada
5745:Bahamas
5671:Jamaica
5651:Grenada
5606:Bahamas
5504:Surveys
5499:Studies
5463:Outline
5438:Tartans
5392:Symbols
5381:Theatre
5326:Cuisine
5303:Culture
5276:Poverty
5218:Society
5112:Tourism
5085:Fishing
5058:Banking
5033:Economy
4889:Monarch
4827:Islands
4724:Regions
4695:Nunavut
4659:Ontario
4629:Alberta
4446:History
4376:Tourism
4361:Seniors
4311:Justice
4261:Finance
4043:Pearson
4023:Bennett
4013:Meighen
4003:Meighen
3993:Laurier
3855:article
3849:: 2011
3341:1778163
3059:May 27,
3030:May 27,
3001:May 27,
2972:May 27,
2943:May 27,
2765:May 22,
2694:May 22,
2657:May 17,
2587:June 2,
2562:June 2,
2419:June 3,
2394:June 3,
2170:May 18,
1857:May 18,
1823:June 6,
1800:June 6,
1773:May 29,
1727:June 7,
1637:233–234
1402:A 2008
1209:Queen's
1115:premier
1007:on the
990:Calgary
935:Halifax
370:Cabinet
303:Website
295:406,200
175:Cabinet
6748:Zambia
6738:Turkey
6703:Malawi
6678:Gambia
6668:Brazil
6658:Angola
6602:Uganda
6597:Tuvalu
6552:Sweden
6492:Serbia
6452:Rwanda
6447:Russia
6427:Poland
6402:Norway
6282:Latvia
6267:Kuwait
6262:Kosovo
6242:Jordan
6222:Israel
6187:Guyana
6177:Guinea
6162:Greece
6147:France
6032:Canada
5997:Bhutan
5987:Belize
5825:Panama
5815:Mexico
5760:Canada
5755:Belize
5686:Panama
5676:Mexico
5621:Canada
5616:Belize
5401:Anthem
5376:Sports
5321:Cinema
5293:Values
5140:Topics
5080:Energy
5063:Dollar
4928:Courts
4905:Senate
4847:Rivers
4817:Cities
4808:Topics
4669:Quebec
4588:Racism
4519:Topics
4438:Canada
4316:Labour
4281:Health
4179:Office
4088:Harper
4083:Martin
4063:Turner
3998:Borden
3988:Tupper
3983:Bowell
3973:Abbott
3812:
3793:
3783:
3764:
3745:
3726:
3705:
3684:
3339:
3331:
3285:
2724:
2618:
2480:
2341:
2278:
2237:
1947:
1643:
1438:note 1
1436:" and
1417:note 2
1021:canton
826:. The
813:caucus
790:, and
755:, the
736:advice
734:, the
662:; the
561:Senate
442:Since
394:styled
382:advice
334:Canada
297:(2024)
287:Salary
277:Deputy
250:None (
6698:Kenya
6683:Ghana
6663:Benin
6637:Yemen
6577:Tonga
6557:Syria
6542:Sudan
6532:Spain
6472:Samoa
6437:Qatar
6377:Nepal
6327:Malta
6297:Libya
6237:Japan
6227:Italy
6207:India
6192:Haiti
6152:Gabon
6112:Egypt
5942:Aruba
5800:Haiti
5661:Haiti
5458:Index
5428:Royal
5361:Media
5356:Music
5259:Crime
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