Caning in Singapore

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periods of incarceration by the courts, including a 55-year-old cleaner who was jailed for 33 years after getting convicted of raping his three daughters over a 14-year period, a 54-year-old tutor and paedophile who was sentenced to 45 years' jail for the rape of eight children (including those with learning difficulties) and a fifty-year old man who got 23 years' jail for raping his eleven-year-old daughter over three months due to a Fengshui master's advice. While some expressed concerns over the deterrence effect of caning towards rapists aged more than fifty, most lawyers also supported the need for a review of the age limit for caning in relation to serious crimes like rape, as they felt that the suitability to cane should be decided based on health rather than age, and it may pave way to greater consistency behind sentencing. Among them, Criminal lawyer Johannes Hadi called the age limit of 50 "an arbitrary line in the sand", and questioned the exemption of females from caning based on sexist ideas about the physical difference between men and women. Another lawyer, Law Society of Singapore president Adrian Tan, commented about the need to cane rapists regardless of their age, "If you're fit enough to rape, you should be fit enough to be caned." Criminal lawyer Sunil Sudheesan also stated that there should also be measures to ensure a 50-year-old prisoner's suitability to cane based on his health to avoid any sudden health issues from arising during the caning process.

1727:(MOE) states that corporal punishment is allowed for serious or repeated misconduct under the Education (Schools) Regulations, and adds that counselling and follow-up guidance should be carried out. At most schools, caning comes after detention but before suspension in the hierarchy of penalties. Some schools implement a demerit points system, in which students receive mandatory caning after accumulating a certain number of demerit points for a wide range of misconduct. The possibility of caning as a corrective action is often explicitly stated in schools' student handbooks or on their websites. As of 2018, 13% of primary schools and 53% of secondary schools (excluding all-girls schools) communicated on their websites that caning may be administered to male students for serious misconduct. 42: 926:

one side of the trestle, with the crossbar adjusted to around his waist level. His feet are tied to a lower crossbar on the same side by restraining ankle cuffs made of leather, while his hands are secured to another horizontal crossbar on the other side by wrist cuffs of similar design; his hands can hold on to the crossbar. After he is secured to the trestle in a bent-over position at an angle of close to 90° at the hip, protective padding is tied around his lower back to protect the vulnerable kidney and lower spine area from any strokes that might land off-target. The punishment is administered on his bare buttocks to minimise the risk of any injury to bones and organs. He is not gagged.

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tip to dip and bend the cane and thus reduce the effect of the stroke. If he is too far, the stroke will only cover part of the buttocks." Strokes are delivered at intervals of about 30 seconds. The caning officer is required to exert as much strength as he can muster for each stroke. The offender receives all the strokes in a single caning session, not in instalments. According to anecdotal evidence, if the sentence involves a large number of strokes, two or more officers will take turns to cane the offender every six strokes to ensure that the later strokes are as forceful as the earlier ones.

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to 16 inclusive. A solemn and formal ceremony, school caning is typically carried out in a manner similar to the caning punishments administered in England before school corporal punishment was banned there in 1998. Some schools tuck a protective item (e.g. book, file, rolled-up newspaper, piece of cardboard) into the student's waistband to protect his lower back in case a stroke lands off-target. The student then places his hands on a desk or chair, bends over or leans forward, and receives strokes from the rattan cane on the seat of his trousers or shorts.

649:(PAP) to suppress the opposition's activities in the 1960s because opposition supporters vandalised public property with anti-PAP graffiti. Vandalism was originally prohibited by the Minor Offences Act, which made it punishable by a fine of up to S$ 50 or a week in jail, but did not permit caning. Today, the Vandalism Act imposes a mandatory caning sentence of between three and eight strokes for a conviction of vandalism. Caning is not imposed on first-time offenders who use delible substances (e.g. pencil, crayon, chalk) to commit vandalism. 1902:, also said in 2007, "What are the purposes of jail, fine and caning? Caning is controversial internationally, but if one must justify why we cane offenders, it is just deserts for pain which the offender has caused to the victim, for example, hurt, injury or the threat of violence. Caning is a severe punishment, and it is always combined with jail as the offences tend to be serious and to make it easier, administratively, to arrange for the caning to take place." 1630:(SAF), a subordinate military court, or the officer in charge of the SAF Detention Barracks, may sentence a serviceman to a maximum of 24 strokes of the cane for committing certain military offences or for committing aggravated offences while being detained in the Detention Barracks. In all cases, the caning sentence must be approved by the Armed Forces Council before it can be administered. The minimum age for a serviceman to be sentenced to caning is 16 (now 1829:

health or development. The person who has the custody, charge or care of the child or young person subjected to ill-treatment may be punished by a fine of up to S$ 8,000 or imprisonment of up to eight years, or both. Several factors are usually considered when determining if parental corporal punishment becomes a criminal offence: the proportionality of the punishment to the offence, the child's age, as well as the frequency of the punishment. The

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as the influence of social media, in the reduction of corporal punishment in schools. They note that understanding and accepting such punishment is essential to the effectiveness of caning as a deterrent to misconduct. According to a Singaporean legal advice website, as long as schools administer corporal punishment according to MOE guidelines, parents may not take legal action against the school as they are not direct employers of the school.

1875:: "Every country has its own problems to face, we know, certain things. You put a person in a prison, it makes no difference. He will not change. Because you observe certain rules, there's enough food, enough exercise, fresh air, sunshine ... But if you cane him, and he knows he will be given six of the best on his buttocks, and it will hurt for one week that he can't sit down comfortably, he will think again." 969:. During the caning, some offenders will pretend to faint but they have not been able to fool the medical officer, who decides whether the punishment continues or stops. Offenders often undergo a lot of psychological distress before and during the caning: They are not only afraid of the physical pain, but are also worried whether they can prevent themselves from crying out because crying means that they would " 1602:

assaulting prison staff or fellow inmates. Upon receiving a report of an offence, the prison provost officers will conduct an investigation to collect and review evidence. After that, the accused inmate is given an opportunity to hear the charge and evidence against him and present his defence before a superintendent. The case will also be reviewed by an independent committee appointed by the

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blood pressure and other physical conditions to check whether he is medically fit for the caning. If he is certified fit, he proceeds to receive his punishment; if he is certified unfit, he is sent back to the court for the sentence to be remitted or converted to additional time in prison. A prison officer confirms with him the number of strokes he has been sentenced to.

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The punishment is administered on the buttocks, which are covered by a "protective guard" to prevent cuts. The cane used is no more than 6.35 mm (0.25 inches) in diameter (about half the thickness of the prison/judicial cane). During the punishment, the offender is secured in a bent-over position to a trestle similar to the one used for judicial/prison canings.

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given out in separate trials. However, in the first case where a prisoner received more than 24 strokes in a single trial, armed robber Qwek Kee Chong (who served ten years in prison) was given 48 strokes of the cane on 8 April 1988 and later hospitalised for his injuries from the caning; he was later granted compensation for this error.

1961:, it is obliged to "take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse". However, the Singaporean government stated that it considers "the judicious application of corporal punishment in the best interest of the child." 1670:, namely the Singapore Boys' Home and the Singapore Girls' Home, for up to three years. The Singapore Boys' Home has youths aged 11 through 18 who have been sent there by the courts for committing offences such as theft, robbery or rioting, or because they have been deemed to be Beyond Parental Control. 1758:

Certain schools adopt special practices. For example, following English traditions, some schools (mainly all-boys schools) require the student to change into physical education (PE) attire for the punishment because PE shorts are apparently thinner than normal uniform trousers/shorts, even though the

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cane. The limit was previously six strokes before MOE reduced it to three strokes in 2017. The student may be caned only on either the palm of the hand or the buttocks over clothing. Although boys of any age from six to 19 may be caned, the majority of canings are of secondary school students aged 14

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Under MOE regulations, the punishment may be administered only by the Principal or any staff member under the Principal's express authority, usually the Vice Principal, Discipline Master, Operations Manager, or any other specially delegated member of the school's Disciplinary Committee. The offending

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During the caning, if the medical officer certifies that the offender is not in a fit state of health to undergo the rest of the punishment, the caning must be stopped. The offender will then be sent back to the court for the remaining number of strokes to be remitted or converted to a prison term of

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The caning officer positions himself beside the trestle. The Director of Prisons explained in a 1974 press conference, "Correct positioning is critically important. If he is too near the prisoner, the tip of the cane will fall beyond the buttocks and the force of the stroke will cause the unsupported

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Caning is, in practice, always ordered in addition to a jail sentence, and not as a punishment by itself. Those who are sentenced to caning and are in the process of appealing against their sentences do not have their sentences carried out while pending the outcome of their appeals. Similarly, during

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The Singaporean government has defended its stance on judicial caning and said that the punishment does not amount to torture and is conducted under strict standards and medical supervision. While most Singaporeans either support or are indifferent towards the practice of judicial caning, there is a

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main purpose is probably to enhance the formality of the occasion. In some schools, if the caning is conducted in public, the student is required to make a public apology before or after receiving his punishment. Although caning on the palm of the hand is rarely implemented, one notable exception is

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reported that there were two cases of bullying per month on average; one youth also said that he had been caned over 60 times in three years at the Singapore Boys' Home. A former Singapore Boys' Home resident who received 10 strokes for absconding when he was 18 said that his buttocks took two weeks

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In practice, the offender is required to strip completely naked for the caning. Once he has removed his clothes, he is restrained in a large wooden trestle based on the British dual-purpose prison flogging frame. He stands barefooted on the trestle base and bends over a padded horizontal crossbar on

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ruled that the courts should not automatically impose an additional jail term in lieu of caning unless there are reasons to do so. According to judicial indicative guidelines, in situations where the court has to extend a convict's prison term in lieu of caning, the extension will range from nine to

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Children and Young Persons (Government Homes) Regulations 2011 (Cap 38, Reg 22-24, 2001 Rev Ed Sing), reg 22-24; Children and Young Persons (Licensing of Homes) Regulations 2011 (Cap 38, Reg 25-27, 2001 Rev Ed Sing), reg 25-27; Children and Young Persons (Remand Homes) Regulations 2001 (Cap 38, Reg

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As Singapore evolves, some citizens may perceive that schools are refraining from using corporal punishment due to their fears of a strong backlash from parents. Educators, when interviewed, say that they are cognisant of Singapore's changing landscape, both in terms of the family structure as well

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The superintendents of reformatories are allowed to impose corporal punishment, in the form of caning, on only male residents as a last resort for serious misconduct. They are required to maintain a record of the details and evidence of the offender's misconduct and their reasons for using corporal

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Military caning is less severe than its civilian counterpart, and is designed not to cause undue bleeding or to leave permanent scars. The offender must be certified by a medical officer to be in a fit condition of health to undergo the punishment and shall wear "protective clothing" as prescribed.

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It is administered in an enclosed area in the prison out of the view of the public and other inmates. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that the offender, while waiting in a queue for his turn to be caned, has the chance to observe or hear the screams and cries of those before him getting caned.

2016:, a 2017 Singaporean short film shown at the Singapore International Film Festival 2017 and directed by Hamzah Fansuri. The film is about a father, who is also the discipline master at his son's school, having to uphold his own principles and punish his rebellious son for breaking the school rules. 1806:

Caning is also meted out on children by their parents as punishment for offences like poor/imperfect results, disrespect, disobedience, incomplete work, lying, and trying to escape caning. The misbehaving child is usually caned on the buttocks or palm of the hand. Sometimes, the cane will miss and

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All over his buttocks were multiple marks and deep lacerations. It was so shocking my female paralegal who was with me almost fainted. The wounds were so deep with blood, flesh and layers of the skin exposed. He didn't have any bandages, just a towel to put over the buttocks. He couldn't sit for

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cane, no more than 12.7 mm (0.5 inches) in diameter and about 1.2 m (3.9 feet) in length, is used for judicial and prison canings. It is about twice as thick as the canes used in the school and military contexts. The cane is soaked in water overnight to make it supple and prevent it from

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In a much milder form, caning is used as a disciplinary measure in schools. Boys aged between 6 and 19 may be given up to three strokes with a light rattan cane on the buttocks over clothing or the palm of the hand as a punishment for serious misconduct, often as a last resort. As the law does not

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A recipient of nine strokes thinks that even though it may be a nightmare the first time, an offender who has been caned before will have experienced the extent of fear of criminal punishment and so may not find it as much of a disincentive to commit repeat offences. He said, "After he knows what

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Parental caning is legal in Singapore, but not particularly encouraged by the authorities. Under the Children and Young Persons Act, ill-treatment of a child or young person is defined as inflicting any unnecessary physical pain, suffering or injury, any emotional harm, or any injury to a child's

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In the Singapore Girls' Home, punishments for serious offences may include solitary confinement in a windowless room. Previously, caning on the palm of the hand was allowed for female residents and had been carried out before. However, the Children and Young Persons (Government Homes) Regulations

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administered 2,875 instances of prison caning to 2,149 inmates for committing aggravated or major offences in prison. The median number of strokes was three and the most common offences involved aggravated violence against other inmates and violence against prison staff. No cases were referred to

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Men above the age of 50 cannot be sentenced to caning. However, the law was amended in 2006 such that men convicted of sex offences may still be sentenced to caning even if they are above the age of 50. In 2008, a 56-year-old man was sentenced to 57 years jail and 12 strokes of the cane for rape.

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The offender is not told in advance when he will be caned; he is notified only on the day his sentence is to be carried out. Offenders often undergo a lot of psychological distress as a result of being put into such uncertainty. On the day itself, the medical officer examines him by measuring his

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The offender shall receive no more than 24 strokes of the cane on any one occasion, irrespective of the total number of offences committed. In other words, a man cannot be sentenced to more than 24 strokes of the cane in a single trial, but he may receive more than 24 strokes if the sentences are

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cane on the prisoner's bare buttocks in an enclosed area in the prison. Male criminals who were not sentenced to caning earlier in a court of law may also be punished by caning in the same way if they commit aggravated offences while serving time in prison. Similarly, male juvenile delinquents in

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expressed the need to review the age limit for caning in the case of sex offenders, in light of several high-profile rape cases (especially those involving fathers raping their daughters), where most of the offenders aged 50 and above who escaped caning despite being harshly sentenced to lengthy

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The severity and humiliation of the punishment are widely publicised in various ways, mainly through the press but also through other means such as the education system. For example, juvenile delinquents get to watch a real-life demonstration of caning on a dummy during compulsory prison visits.

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Most caning sentences are far below the legal limit of 24 strokes. Although sentences of between three and six strokes are much more common, they usually receive less or no coverage by the media. Normally, only the more serious cases involving heavier sentences will have a greater tendency to be

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In some cases, male employees can be sentenced to caning for offences committed by the company they work for. For instance, the Dangerous Fireworks Act states that caning is mandatory for a manager or owner of a company which imports, delivers or sells dangerous fireworks. Another example is the

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Public caning: The offending student is caned in front of an assembly of the entire school population to serve as a warning for potential offenders. This form of punishment is normally reserved for very serious offences and repeated offences. Common offences that warrant a public caning include

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Private caning: The most common form of school caning. The offending student is caned in the school's General Office in the presence of the Principal and/or Vice-Principal and another witness (usually the student's Form Teacher or Co-Form Teacher). His parents or guardians may be invited to the

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A prison superintendent may order an inmate to receive up to 12 strokes of the cane for aggravated offences that have serious implications for institutional order and discipline. Such offences include engaging in gang activities, mutiny, attempting to escape, destruction of prison property, and

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The wounds usually take between a week and a month to heal, depending on the number of strokes received. During this time, offenders cannot sit down or lie down on their backs, and experience difficulties controlling their bowels. Bleeding from the buttocks may still occur in the days after the

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The prison officers who administer caning are carefully selected and specially trained for the job. They are generally physically fit and strongly built. Some hold high grades in martial arts even though proficiency in martial arts is not a requirement for the job. They are trained to use their

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Based on first-hand accounts, the student typically feels moderate to acute pain for the first few minutes, depending on the number of strokes. This soon leads to a stinging sensation and general soreness around the points of impact, usually lasting for some hours; sitting down is likely to be

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student's parents or guardians must then be informed of the details at the earliest possible time once the punishment has been meted out. Some schools may seek parental or guardian consent before administering the punishment. A maximum of three strokes may be inflicted at a time, using a light

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The most commonly used implement is a thin and light rattan cane, commonly and cheaply found (for around 50 Singapore cents) in neighbourhood provision shops. There is usually higher demand when students prepare for examinations, and the cane will be used more often, resulting in breakages.

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Men who were caned have variously described the pain they experienced as "unbearable", "excruciating", "equivalent to getting hit by a lorry", "having a hot iron placed on your buttocks", etc. A recipient of 10 strokes said, "The pain was beyond description. If there is a word stronger than

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Caning is administered in private by the superintendent in the presence of a staff member, or by a staff member authorised by the superintendent in the presence of another staff member. A maximum of ten strokes may be inflicted on either the palm of the hand or the buttocks over clothing.

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Beginning in the 1990s, the higher courts have been more inclined to impose caning sentences in cases where caning is a discretionary punishment. For example, in 1993, an 18-year-old molester was initially sentenced to six months' imprisonment but he appealed against his sentence.

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entire body weight as the power behind every stroke instead of using only the strength from their arms, as well as to induce as much pain as possible. They can swing the cane at a speed of up to 160 km/h (99 miles per hour) and produce a force upon impact of at least 880

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in January 2009, 57 percent of surveyed parents expressed the view that caning was an acceptable form of punishment, and that they had used it on their children for reasons such as stubbornness, refusal to listen and dangerous/harmful acts. A newer study conducted by

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for boys of ages 11 to 21. Although these juvenile institutions are legally allowed to administer corporal punishment on male offenders in the same way as the state-run reformatories, they must obtain the management committee's authorisation before carrying it out.

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set by the Chief Justice became a benchmark for sentences in molestation cases, where the court is expected to sentence a molester to at least nine months' imprisonment and three strokes of the cane if the offence involves touching the victim's private parts.

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transporting of illegal immigrants; a manager of a company who authorises or participates in such activity can be sentenced to caning. In July 1998, police reported six cases of employers sentenced to imprisonment and caning for hiring illegal immigrants.

1998:. In the drama, four men were convicted of arson in their youth and sentenced to imprisonment and three strokes of caning each. One of them received one more stroke, supposedly for being the mastermind. The caning scene is featured briefly in flashbacks. 1597:

Male convicts who are not sentenced to caning by the courts may be caned if they commit aggravated or serious offences in prison while serving their sentences. This type of caning is carried out in the same way as judicial caning ordered by the courts.

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Caning must not be carried out in instalments. This is to ensure that prisoners receive their punishment in a single session and do not have to go through the process repeatedly, even if the full sentence might not have been administered for medical

2037:. It concentrates on the personal aspects, the punishment and the sociology of caning in Singapore. The book includes some descriptions of caning and photographs of its results, as well as two personal interviews with men who had been caned before. 1581:

The offender stands upright at an A-shaped wooden frame with his feet apart and hands tied above his head. He has a special protective "shield" tied around his lower body to cover the lower back and upper thighs while leaving the buttocks exposed.

5420: 946:, who received four strokes, said in an interview, "The skin did rip open, there was some blood. I mean, let's not exaggerate, and let's not say a few drops or that the blood was gushing out. It was in between the two. It's like a bloody nose." 991:

Two lashers took turns to wield the bamboo cane. Blood spurted, bits of flesh flew and the prisoner screamed in pain. ... The canings drew hundreds of people, including a lot of women and everybody seemed to love it. Each time the guy got

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Usually, the buttocks will be covered with blood after three strokes. More profuse bleeding may occur in the case of a larger number of strokes. An eyewitness described that after 24 strokes, the buttocks will be a "bloody mess".

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A smaller cane or other implement is often used by some parents to punish their children. This practice is allowed in Singapore but not encouraged by the government. The Singaporean government has stated that in its opinion, the

2274: 3643:"Written Reply to Parliamentary Question on Cases of Canings Administered by the Singapore Prison Service without Judicial Sentencing over the Past 10 Years, by Mr K Shanmugam, Minister for Home Affairs and Minister for Law" 542: 1673:

Youths whose parents have applied for Beyond Parental Control orders against them are placed in remand homes during the period of investigation. They may thereafter be placed in homes which also house juvenile offenders.

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The offender is tied to a wooden frame in a bent-over position with his feet together. He has protective padding secured around his lower back to protect the kidney and lower spine area from strokes that land off-target.

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It was not uncommon for the courts to extend, by up to 12 months, the prison terms of offenders originally sentenced to caning but later found to be medically unfit to undergo the punishment. However, on 9 May 2017, the

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it's like, he will have nothing left to fear. He will know what to expect no matter how many strokes he gets – it's more of the same. No alcohol and women – apart from those two things, prison is really not that bad."

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The offender is tied to the trestle in a bent-over position with his feet together. He has protective padding secured around his lower back to protect the kidney and lower spine area from strokes that land off-target.

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The order is determined by the number of strokes the offender is receiving, with the largest number going first. A medical officer and the Superintendent of Prisons are required to be present at every caning session.

1864:, " if (the offender) knows he is going to get three of the best, I think he will lose a great deal of enthusiasm, because there is little glory attached to the rather humiliating experience of having to be caned." 1833:'s Child Protective Service will also investigate and intervene where there are serious child protection concerns, such as when parental discipline results in serious physical injury or emotional trauma to a child. 964:

Most offenders struggle violently after each of the first three strokes and then their struggles lessen as they become weaker. By the time the caning is over, those who receive more than three strokes will be in a

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punishment as a last resort. Persons with mental or physical disability are exempted from such punishment. Solitary confinement is also permitted for children of and above 12 years of age, except in remand homes.

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Judicial caning is also used as a form of legal punishment for criminal offences in two of Singapore's neighbouring countries, Brunei and Malaysia. There are some differences across the three countries.

1882:(PAP), the opposition parties do not oppose it because they agree on its effectiveness as a deterrent to crime. Politicians from the opposition parties have voiced support for corporal punishment. 5043: 469:

Caning remained on the statute book after Malaya became independent from Britain in 1957, and after Singapore ceased to be part of Malaysia in 1965. Subsequent legislation has been passed by the

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By 2007, this figure had doubled to 6,404, of which about 95% were actually implemented. Since 2007, the number of caning sentences has experienced an overall decline, falling to 1,257 in 2016.

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condemned the practice of judicial caning in Singapore as a "cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment". It is also regarded by some international observers as a violation of Article 1 in the

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stated, "The blows are applied with the full force of the jailer's arm. When the rattan hits the bare buttocks, the skin disintegrates, leaving a white line and then a flow of blood."

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Apart from the Singapore Boys' Home and Singapore Girls' Home, there are other juvenile institutions managed by voluntary welfare organisations, such as the Boys Town operated by the

2282: 329:. It can be divided into several contexts: judicial, prison, reformatory, military, school and domestic. These practices of caning as punishment were introduced during the period of 245: 372:(SAF) who commit serious military offences may be sentenced by a military court to a less severe form of caning in the SAF Detention Barracks, which houses military offenders. 1666:

Youths aged 16 and below who have allegedly committed crimes may be placed in remand homes during the period of investigation. If convicted, they may be sent to the state-run

1647:, since entry into the SAF is restricted to those above that age). This form of caning was originally intended primarily for use on recalcitrant teenage conscripts serving 914:

the period before the convicts' deadlines of their appeal notices, caning is not carried out until the deadline expires and with the convict not making a notice of appeal.

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As the Ministry of Education does not allow any form of corporal punishment to be administered to female students, they receive alternative forms of punishment such as

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smoking, alcohol consumption, drug- or gang-related activities, fighting, causing hurt to others, vandalism, arson, extortion, theft and any case involving the Police.

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Sometimes, parents will use other implements such as the rattan handle of a feather-duster, bamboo poles, rulers, clothes hangers, or even their bare hands.

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Judicial caning is purportedly meant to serve as a humiliating experience for offenders and as a strong deterrent to crime. In 1966, when Singapore's first

4619: 2800: 2388: 1982:, a 15-minute video commissioned by Singapore's National Crime Prevention Council to deter teenagers from crime. The video, released in 1998 and filmed in 534: 5338: 1986:

and Changi Reformative Training Centre, shows life in prison from the perspectives of two young offenders and includes a reenactment of a judicial caning.

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Others: There may be intermediate levels between a "class caning" and a "public caning", such as in front of all classes in the same year as the student.

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In the Singapore Boys' Home, boys are routinely caned on the buttocks for serious offences such as fighting, bullying and absconding. A 2006 article in

4739: 4653: 1763:, where students may be caned on the hand for committing less serious offences while a caning on the buttocks is reserved for more serious offences. 4916: 4712: 333:. Similar forms of corporal punishment are also used in some other former British colonies, including two of Singapore's neighbouring countries, 5168: 4224: 2756: 2133: 5232: 2357: 1926: 1468:

Local courts may order the caning of boys below the age of 16. Juveniles are punished "in the way of school discipline" with their clothes on.

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Any male convict, whether sentenced to caning or not, may also be caned in prison if he commits certain offences while serving time in prison.

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A male offender between the ages of 18 and 50 who has been certified to be in a fit state of health by a medical officer is liable to be caned.

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Singapore has come under strong international criticism for its practice of judicial caning, especially after the 1994 Michael Fay incident.

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If the offender is under 18, he may receive up to 10 strokes, but with a lighter cane. Boys under 16 may be sentenced to caning only by the

4676: 3057: 2010:. In one scene, the main character Jiale (Koh Jia Ler) receives a public caning in school for fighting with his classmate in the washroom. 4594: 1814:

In Singapore not caning children is seen as being soft on them, and not instilling proper discipline. According to a survey conducted by

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hit the bare thighs/calves, causing more pain. The caning usually leaves the child with painful red welts that will fade within days.

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Singapore Armed Forces (2006). "Pride, Discipline, Honour" (book commemorating 40th anniversary of the SAF Military Police Command).

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over the years to increase the minimum strokes an offender receives, and the number of crimes that may be punished with caning.

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Two types of rattan canes are used: The smaller one is for white-collar offenders while the larger one is for other offenders.

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While most of Singapore's laws on offences punishable by caning were inherited from the British legal system through the

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for false claims, such as that canings are public events (in fact they always take place privately inside the prison):

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uncomfortable. Superficial bruises and weals may appear on the buttocks and last for a few days after the punishment.

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is the most severe. It is applicable to only male convicts under the age of 50 for a wide range of offences under the

5562: 5402: 5377: 4431: 2491: 1724: 1402: 298: 41: 4192: 1663:

Caning is used as a form of legal corporal punishment in government homes, remand homes and other homes for youths.

5919: 5783: 5740: 5506: 4379: 1700: 1345: 5312: 3617: 2937: 2826: 1825:

in 2019 found that nearly 80 percent of parents in Singapore had carried/carries out corporal punishment at home.

1025:, a human-rights lawyer, described the injuries of his client, Ye Ming Yuen, who received 24 strokes, as follows: 5803: 5755: 619: 554: 508: 501: 56: 5259: 4571: 4466: 3944:

Children and Young Persons (Government Homes) Regulations 2011 (Cap 38, Reg 22-24, 2001 Rev Ed Sing), reg 24(6).

3736: 3319: 3201: 2911: 2804: 2190: 5655: 5602: 5450: 5346: 4056: 3706: 1790:, controversially stepped down after admitting to hitting a 14-year-old female student with a soft-cover book. 1366: 1013:

After the caning, the offender is released from the trestle and receives medical treatment. Antiseptic lotion (

352:, up to a maximum of 24 strokes per trial. Always ordered in addition to a prison sentence, it is inflicted by 4872: 4276: 4152: 3387:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Descriptions of the Experience by Men Who Have Been Caned" 2448: 6094: 6066: 5904: 5827: 5692: 5188: 3853:

Children and Young Persons (Government Homes) Regulations 2011 (Cap 38, Reg 22-24, 2001 Rev Ed Sing), reg 24.

2068: 1899: 1887: 1339: 407:

Caning, as a form of legally sanctioned corporal punishment for convicted criminals, was first introduced to

218: 25: 3577: 2557: 2105:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #The History of Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei" 1738:

Class caning: The offending student is caned in front of his class to serve as a warning for his classmates.

6172: 5939: 5839: 5778: 5572: 5557: 5521: 4646: 4488: 3947: 2073: 1397: 1300: 397: 376:

allow schools to cane girls, they receive alternative forms of punishment such as detention or suspension.

345: 291: 157: 61: 4908: 897:

splitting and embedding splinters in the wounds. The Prisons Department denies that the cane is soaked in

5929: 5670: 5592: 5587: 5283:"Rayson Tan bares his bum for the first time in new Channel 8 drama, only to become... The butt of jokes" 3050:"S'porean gang leader served 10 years' jail, got 9 strokes of cane, & now has own pottery exhibition" 1853: 1295: 1214: 970: 634:, and for foreigners who overstay by more than 90 days – a measure designed to deter illegal immigrants. 266: 4772:"Conversation with LKY (CCTV) Part 1/2 (June 2004)". Youtube. 7 October 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2018. 3123: 6089: 5597: 5577: 5491: 2078: 1990: 1713: 1377: 1311: 654: 645:

was only introduced in 1966 after independence, in what has been argued to be an attempt by the ruling

538: 66: 6137: 6104: 6079: 6024: 6019: 5977: 5924: 5874: 5677: 5645: 5443: 1648: 1607: 1382: 1241: 1191: 642: 482: 349: 3510:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Some Differences Between Singapore and Malaysia" 942:

Caning can cause significant physical damage, depending largely on the number of strokes inflicted.

6014: 5745: 5638: 5486: 5206: 1879: 1868: 1720:. Under Section 88 of the Education (Schools) Regulations, it is permitted for male students only. 1614: 1413: 1142: 1084: 950: 646: 5431:

A clip of a staged reconstruction of a caning from a Singapore government video "Prison Me No Way"

2734: 2712: 2690: 2668: 6036: 6031: 5972: 5889: 5859: 5798: 5699: 5660: 1861: 1472: 1392: 1231: 1202: 1175: 1109: 562: 497: 470: 5066:"President Halimah calls for review of law excluding rapists over 50 from caning: 5 worst cases" 1780: 6002: 5949: 5894: 5869: 5813: 5714: 5704: 5687: 5650: 5545: 4538: 3049: 1847: 1776: 1627: 1236: 1219: 369: 152: 3963: 2646: 2624: 1878:

Although the extensive use of judicial caning is a policy commonly associated with the ruling

1550:

About 1.09 m (3.6 ft) long and no more than 1.25 cm (0.49 in) in diameter

660:

not only dismissed his appeal, but also added three strokes of the cane to the sentence. This

631: 6046: 5997: 5934: 5750: 5621: 5607: 5526: 3480:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #After Effects: The Healing of the Wounds" 1910: 1894:, said, "For criminals, caning serves as a deterrent I would not change a winning formula." 1787: 1407: 1225: 966: 208: 4939: 1553:

About 1.2 m (3.9 ft) long and no more than 1.27 cm (0.5 in) in diameter

1547:

About 1.2 m (3.9 ft) long and no more than 1.27 cm (0.5 in) in diameter

6123: 5964: 5944: 5884: 5854: 5808: 5728: 5665: 5567: 5478: 4620:"Punishment or abuse? Video of Singaporean man slapping kneeling girl in public goes viral" 3819: 3090:"Former Brit schoolboy left horrifically injured after being flogged 24 times in Singapore" 2358:"Jail terms for those excused from caning should not be 'automatically' raised: High Court" 1567:

The same type of rattan cane is used on all offenders regardless of the offence committed.

1561:

The same type of rattan cane is used on all offenders regardless of the offence committed.

1355: 1322: 1266: 595: 431: 198: 107: 4842: 8: 5987: 5982: 5773: 5516: 5501: 2520:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Offences for which caning is imposed" 1078: 998:], the crowd would roar – like at a hockey game. They really enjoyed what they saw. ( 412: 322: 259: 33: 3563: 3561: 2445:"Singapore: Judicial and prison caning: Table of offences for which caning is available" 2262: 680:

is subject only to fines; it is not and has never been an offence punishable by caning.

6146: 6051: 6041: 5992: 5909: 5864: 5849: 5793: 5144:"Rapists above 50 should not be spared caning, timely to review law: President Halimah" 4595:"S'pore Mother Filmed Caning Daughter in Public Apologises, Says She'll Go Counselling" 2063: 1918: 1429: 1289: 1201:

Three of the four youths who were charged with the murder of a 48-year-old taxi driver

1118: 627: 334: 252: 203: 4514:"9 Things Non-Strawberries Remember About the Cane That Strawberries Won't Understand" 4352:"9 Things Non-Strawberries Remember About the Cane That Strawberries Won't Understand" 4251: 4016:"MOE and Schools are Committed to Maintaining High Standards of Discipline in Schools" 2414: 543:

International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance

6084: 6074: 6007: 5398: 5373: 5036:"The next 50 years of Singapore's security and how NS, ISA and caning need to change" 4993: 4405: 3925: 3799: 3558: 2848: 2487: 1816: 1687: 1520:

in accordance with traditional British legislative terminology. Informally, the term

1317: 1256: 1180: 1147: 1137: 1122: 934:

no more than 12 months, in addition to the original prison term he was sentenced to.

638: 435: 127: 87: 4539:"S'porean mum discovers canes sold out at 2 stores as side effect of work-from-home" 2325: 1213:

A Singaporean welder and one of the two murderers responsible for the 1985 contract

1017:) is applied on the wounds. The offender is also given painkillers and antibiotics. 6151: 5765: 5682: 5092:"CNA Explains: Why are criminals above 50 spared caning and how could that change?" 3342:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #The Immediate Physical Effects" 2389:"Rapist who defecated in court gets additional jail time as he is unfit for caning" 2058: 1425: 1371: 1058: 1000: 338: 193: 167: 5001: 3509: 2931: 2929: 1921:

similarly referred to the practice of caning as "an inherently cruel punishment".

1419: 611: 5879: 5175: 3386: 2140: 1280: 1164: 1104: 1068: 702:

was caned in 1994. Canings are also administered in Drug Rehabilitation Centres.

4302: 3446: 3223: 3013: 905:

before use to prevent infection. A lighter cane is used for juvenile offenders.

4815:"We posed the same questions to two Singapore Democratic Alliance candidates". 4786:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Humiliation and deterrence" 4107: 3637: 3635: 2926: 2849:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #How many strokes are given" 2144: 2034: 2030: 1872: 1169: 1114: 1094: 1063: 1014: 976: 943: 699: 422:

In that era, offences punishable by caning were similar to those punishable by

408: 385: 97: 4785: 4139: 4137: 3892: 3479: 3341: 2104: 1871:, Lee explained why caning should continue in Singapore with reference to the 6166: 4971:"Singapore orders brutal beating (caning) of anti-government graffiti artist" 4740:"When caning of children becomes abuse: Lawyers explain the legal parameters" 4127: 4125: 4108:"CANING, PADDLING AND SPANKING: OFFICIAL RULES FROM CURRENT SCHOOL HANDBOOKS" 2484:

Authoritarian Rule of Law: Legislation, Discourse and Legitimacy in Singapore

2269: 2267: 2265: 1983: 1945: 1387: 1306: 1275: 1271: 1261: 1208: 1196: 1186: 1099: 1073: 1048: 984: 695: 657: 117: 5282: 4329: 3953:

Children and Young Persons (Licensing of Homes) Regulations 2011 section 27.

3632: 3609: 3272: 3193: 3162: 2967: 1802:

Canes sold in grocery stores, used by parents to discipline children at home

574:

Singaporean law allows caning to be ordered for over 35 offences, including

6056: 5031: 4134: 2519: 2007: 1934: 1857: 1350: 1327: 1132: 1127: 1089: 1053: 615: 463: 455: 384:

does not prohibit "the judicious application of corporal punishment in the

112: 5233:"Caning in Singapore: Judicial, School & Parental Corporal Punishment" 4193:"Structure of Discipline Committee (2005) - 2013_Discipline_Rule_Book.pdf" 4122: 694:

Caning takes place at several institutions around Singapore, most notably

3416:

Ng, Irene; Poh, Ambrose (12 October 1988). "My Ordeal in the Cane Room".

1712:

Caning is a legal disciplinary measure in primary and secondary schools,

1667: 1285: 1246: 688:

In 1993, the number of caning sentences ordered by the courts was 3,244.

362: 3014:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Procedure in Detail" 1860:, introduced caning as a mandatory punishment for vandalism, he said in 4380:"Study Hard and Graudate, Otherwise Kena Rotan! But After That... How?" 2514: 2512: 1895: 1333: 1305:

Four of the five main perpetrators behind the murder of a lorry driver

1152: 979:, a Singaporean neurosurgeon and opponent of the practice, in his book 902: 599: 579: 557:

whose sentences have not been commuted, cannot be sentenced to caning.

142: 82: 4873:"Republic of Singapore Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review" 4563: 4458: 3864: 3728: 3539: 3447:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Medical Treatment" 3311: 2903: 2182: 485:

lay down the procedures governing caning. They include the following:

5914: 5466: 5435: 4048: 3698: 1995: 1696:

2011 now clearly prohibits corporal punishment for female residents.

661: 622:. Caning is also a mandatory punishment for certain offences such as 607: 603: 326: 5425: 5118:"Timely to review age limit for caning of rapists, say some lawyers" 2509: 2444: 4713:"Jail for father who beat 9-year-old son with hanger over homework" 4144: 3371:

Yaw, Yan Chong; Ang, Dave (10 September 1991). "Don't imitate us".

3224:"Judicial Caning in Singapore, Malaysia and Brunei #Apparatus used" 566:

12 months when the case involves more than 19 strokes of the cane.

447: 427: 423: 147: 92: 5497:

Founding of modern Singapore and early colonial period (1819–1826)

5251: 3569: 2549: 518:

cane used shall not exceed 1.27 cm (0.50 inches) in diameter.

6099: 4225:"Singapore: Muslim Schoolgirls Suspended For Wearing Headscarves" 2897: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2002: 1252: 881: 583: 575: 533:

which prohibit the use of corporal punishment. These include the

451: 439: 137: 132: 5430: 1513:

in accordance with traditional British legislative terminology.

698:, and including the now defunct Queenstown Remand Centre, where 2827:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016: Singapore" 2801:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015: Singapore" 2779:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2014: Singapore" 2757:"Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012: Singapore" 2053: 1930: 1836: 1822: 1751: 1420:

Comparison of judicial caning in Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore

1022: 893: 587: 515: 357: 318: 102: 4780: 4778: 2886: 2212:

Nair, Suresh (5 June 1991). "I got 48 instead of 24 strokes".

1779:, Corrective Work Orders, in-house suspension, counselling or 4277:"Should schools spare the rod when it comes to caning girls?" 3131: 1798: 898: 443: 162: 122: 4456: 3433:

The Caning of Michael Fay: The Inside Story by a Singaporean

2477: 2475: 2027:

The Caning of Michael Fay: The Inside Story by a Singaporean

981:

The Caning of Michael Fay: The Inside Story by a Singaporean

4775: 623: 591: 459: 172: 4677:"Most parents here don't spare rod on kids at home: Study" 2275:"Yong Vui Kong v Public Prosecutor [2015] SGCA 11" 1344:

Two accomplices of logistics mover and suspected fugitive

511:

whose sentences have not been commuted shall not be caned.

3796:

Juvenile Justice: Where Rehabilitation Takes Centre Stage

2598:. U.S. Department of State. February 1995. Archived from 2472: 2302: 2300: 1917:. However, Singapore is not signatory to the Convention. 1207:

One of the two men charged with murdering a lorry driver

994: 4303:"Singaporeans support caning for students skipped tests" 1957:

Critics argue that since Singapore is signatory to the

1692:

to heal sufficiently before he could sit down properly.

1610:, who has the authority to order an inmate to be caned. 1535:

In both legislation and press reports, the term used is

415:

in the 19th century. It was formally codified under the

4909:"World Report 2014: Singapore #Criminal Justice System" 3570:"Commit a serious offence in prison? You risk a caning" 3194:"Prisoners given chance to confirm sentence beforehand" 1730:

Canings in school may be sorted into these categories:

1490:

Men above the age of 50 cannot be sentenced to caning.

1483:

Men above the age of 50 cannot be sentenced to caning.

961:

excruciating, that should be the word to describe it".

553:

Under the law, women, men above the age of 50, and men

4175:"More S'poreans turning away from corporal punishment" 2968:"Striking fear into hearts of most hardened criminals" 2297: 1613:

In 2021, the MHA revealed that from 2011 to 2020, the

1332:

A supermarket sales executive charged with kidnapping

2033:

published in the wake of the controversial caning of

1034:

Permanent scars remain after the wounds have healed.

4252:"Is punishment in schools in Singapore too extreme?" 1083:

Ng Chek Siong, one of the three suspects behind the

535:

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

3379: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 1994:, a 2007 Singaporean television series produced by 5002:"Drug courier's lawyer challenges caning sentence" 3825:. Beyond Social Services. February 2010. p. 9 3540:"57 years jail and 12 strokes for raping relative" 3502: 2619: 2617: 2586: 2584: 1475:may order the caning of boys below the age of 16. 1174:two of the three Singaporean men charged with the 973:" and be labelled "weak" by their fellow inmates. 5395:The Flogging of Singapore: The Michael Fay Affair 4309:. Taipei. Agence France-Presse. 28 September 2001 4043: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4029: 3474: 3472: 2938:"The invisible scars left by strikes of the cane" 2437: 2041:The Flogging of Singapore: The Michael Fay Affair 1937:– who are completely or partially opposed to it. 1735:school to witness the punishment being meted out. 529:Singapore has not signed or ratified a number of 6164: 4830:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 4761:Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Official Report 4457:Mathi, Braema; Andrianie, Siti (11 April 1999). 4330:"More students, parents want the principal back" 3729:"Murder charge soldiers can be court-martialled" 3439: 3036: 2999: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 1501:24 strokes for adults; 10 strokes for juveniles 1498:24 strokes for adults; 18 strokes for juveniles 1255:, who were the perpetrators of a gang attack at 569: 365:may be punished by caning for serious offences. 4843:"Singapore – Amnesty International Report 2008" 3990:"In Singapore, the Gender Gap Begins in School" 2819: 2793: 2771: 2749: 2727: 2705: 2683: 2661: 2639: 2614: 2581: 5313:"Anthony Chen's Ilo Ilo is as real as it gets" 4080:"Do Singaporeans think of children as people?" 4026: 3469: 3334: 3312:"Fay describes caning, seeing resulting scars" 3273:"Vandal caned three strokes more than ordered" 616:sexual abuse, molestation (outrage of modesty) 5451: 3863:Fong, Tanya; Yap, Su-Yin (20 November 2006). 2315: 2090: 2006:, a 2013 Singaporean family film directed by 462:, a second or subsequent offence relating to 299: 5339:"Singapore Panorama: Short Film Programme 1" 4937: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 2671:. U.S. Department of State. 25 February 2009 2447:. World Corporal Punishment Research. 2011. 1837:Politicians' opinions on caning in Singapore 1376:Three of the seven suspects involved in the 466:, and living on or trading in prostitution. 5512:British Military Administration (1945–1946) 4832:(22 October 2007) vol 83 at cols 2175–2242. 4644: 4131:Education (Schools) Regulations section 88. 4049:"Singapore: Corporal punishment in schools" 3887: 3885: 3607: 3424: 2935: 2255: 2253: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2167: 2165: 2155: 2153: 1316:A gang leader responsible for the death of 908: 417:Straits Settlements Penal Code Ordinance IV 5458: 5444: 5343:2017 Singapore International Film Festival 5189:"Time for corporal punishment in schools?" 3775:Singapore Armed Forces Act section 125(4). 3766:Singapore Armed Forces Act section 125(6). 3757:Singapore Armed Forces Act section 125(5). 3699:"Singapore: Caning in the military forces" 3693: 3691: 3685:Singapore Armed Forces Act section 119(2). 3676:Singapore Armed Forces Act section 119(1). 3667:Singapore Armed Forces Act section 125(2). 3435:. Singapore: KRP Publications. p. 81. 2803:. U.S. Department of State. Archived from 306: 292: 4938:Parameswaran, Prashanth (10 March 2015). 4701:Children and Young Persons Act section 5. 4249: 4145:"School Principals' Handbook, Section 19" 3924:. Marshall Cavendish International Asia. 3192:John, Arul; Chan, Crystal (1 July 2007). 3108: 2693:. U.S. Department of State. 11 March 2010 2627:. U.S. Department of State. 11 March 2008 2346:Criminal Procedure Code sections 325–332. 1915:United Nations Convention against Torture 1831:Ministry of Social and Family Development 1338:Three of the five people involved in the 5522:Self-governance of Singapore (1955–1962) 5397:. Singapore: Times Books International. 5367: 5213:. Ministry of Education. 14 January 2019 4880:International Harm Reduction Association 4763:(26 August 1966) vol 20 at cols 291–305. 3882: 3430: 3191: 2715:. U.S. Department of State. 8 April 2011 2649:. U.S. Department of State. 6 March 2007 2592:"Singapore Human Rights Practices, 1994" 2578:Control of Manufacture Act sections 8–9. 2550:"These 6 were caned for hiring illegals" 2250: 2234: 2220: 2162: 2150: 1797: 1230:The seven gang members charged with the 4102: 4100: 3865:"Boy's Home: When some don't make good" 3862: 3688: 3270: 3087: 2737:. U.S. Department of State. 24 May 2012 2412: 2355: 2259:Criminal Procedure Code section 325(1). 2183:"24-stroke caning cap to be formalised" 1848:Lee Kuan Yew § Corporal punishment 1786:In 2004, Ng Lee Huat, the principal of 901:, but has said that it is treated with 458:, a second or subsequent conviction of 6165: 5761:China–Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park 5465: 5046:from the original on 23 September 2016 4981:from the original on 16 September 2016 4889:from the original on 24 September 2015 4645:Sudderuddin, Shuli (13 January 2009). 4374: 4372: 4345: 4343: 3970:. Attorney-General Chambers, Singapore 3370: 2318:"Singapore's Approach to Human Rights" 2180: 1618:visiting justices during that period. 5439: 5392: 5249: 5178:on the website of the United Nations. 4853:from the original on 17 February 2015 4327: 4250:Unantenne, Nalika (22 October 2013). 4077: 4022:. Ministry Of Education. 19 May 2014. 3415: 3234:from the original on 19 December 2016 2901: 2735:"2011 Human Rights Report: Singapore" 2713:"2010 Human Rights Report: Singapore" 2691:"2009 Human Rights Report: Singapore" 2669:"2008 Human Rights Report: Singapore" 2481: 2413:Narayan, Lakshmi (24 December 2012). 2356:Chelvan, Vanessa Paige (9 May 2017). 1959:Convention on the Rights of the Child 1658: 382:Convention on the Rights of the Child 282:Campaigns against corporal punishment 4968: 4919:from the original on 28 January 2015 4738:Goh, Chiew Tong (22 December 2020). 4674: 4656:from the original on 28 January 2015 4574:from the original on 28 January 2015 4511: 4469:from the original on 28 January 2015 4406:"What's wrong with caning our kids?" 4349: 4205:from the original on 28 January 2015 4110:. World Corporal Punishment Research 4097: 4059:from the original on 26 January 2015 3844:20-21, 1993 Rev Ed Sing), reg 20-21. 3709:from the original on 4 February 2015 3647:Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore) 3520:from the original on 15 January 2015 3490:from the original on 15 January 2015 3457:from the original on 15 January 2015 3397:from the original on 15 January 2015 3352:from the original on 15 January 2015 3301:Criminal Procedure Code section 332. 3204:from the original on 28 January 2015 3024:from the original on 15 January 2015 2978:from the original on 29 January 2018 2948:from the original on 8 December 2015 2560:from the original on 14 October 2012 2451:from the original on 23 January 2015 2247:Criminal Procedure Code section 329. 2231:Criminal Procedure Code section 330. 2211: 2193:from the original on 28 January 2015 2171:Criminal Procedure Code section 328. 2159:Criminal Procedure Code section 331. 2115:from the original on 15 January 2015 1968: 1841: 353: 5280: 5211:School Bag: the Education News Site 5207:"Six Discipline Questions Answered" 4999: 4737: 4710: 4592: 4369: 4340: 4198:. Saint Andrew's Secondary School. 3917: 3793: 3567: 3261:Prisons Regulations section 139(3). 3252:Prisons Regulations section 139(6). 3152:Prisons Regulations section 139(4). 3121: 3047: 2996:Prisons Regulations section 139(5). 2936:Von Mirbach, Johan (5 March 2015). 2386: 1360:Zaini Jamari, convicted of abusing 531:international human rights treaties 13: 5250:Chong, Chee Kin (7 October 1998). 5030: 4790:World Corporal Punishment Research 4149:World Corporal Punishment Research 4053:World Corporal Punishment Research 3897:World Corporal Punishment Research 3703:World Corporal Punishment Research 3620:from the original on 20 March 2015 3610:"New check on punishing prisoners" 3514:World Corporal Punishment Research 3484:World Corporal Punishment Research 3451:World Corporal Punishment Research 3391:World Corporal Punishment Research 3346:World Corporal Punishment Research 3283:from the original on 13 April 2016 3228:World Corporal Punishment Research 3018:World Corporal Punishment Research 2914:from the original on 9 August 2014 2853:World Corporal Punishment Research 2524:World Corporal Punishment Research 2181:Thomas, Sujin (12 December 2008). 2109:World Corporal Punishment Research 1952: 1898:, a Member of Parliament from the 1793: 1770: 1621: 874: 391: 331:British colonial rule in Singapore 14: 6184: 5426:National Crime Prevention Council 5414: 5293:from the original on 2 March 2015 5012:from the original on 11 July 2015 4950:from the original on 5 March 2016 4796:from the original on 16 July 2016 4432:"How can they take away my girl?" 4155:from the original on 8 March 2015 3964:"Education (Schools) Regulations" 3798:. Singapore: Academy Publishing. 3739:from the original on 9 March 2015 3608:Teh Joo Lin (15 September 2008). 3580:from the original on 19 July 2017 3322:from the original on 8 March 2015 3173:from the original on 8 March 2015 3088:Hawkins, Jamie (29 August 2020). 3060:from the original on 13 July 2018 2902:Raman, P.M. (13 September 1974). 2859:from the original on 16 July 2016 2530:from the original on 16 July 2016 2425:from the original on 16 June 2017 1495:Maximum no. of strokes per trial 1403:Surajsrikan Diwakar Mani Tripathi 5527:Merger with Malaysia (1962–1965) 5386: 5361: 5331: 5305: 5274: 5243: 5225: 5199: 5181: 5162: 5136: 5110: 5084: 5058: 5024: 4969:Nair, Gopalan (12 August 2014). 4962: 4931: 4901: 4865: 4835: 4823: 4808: 4766: 4754: 4731: 4704: 4695: 4668: 4638: 4626:. 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Singapore: KRP Publications. 5262:from the original on 6 May 2017 5252:"Watch this and stay off crime" 4564:"Kids say: What works for them" 4328:Davie, Sandra (29 April 2004). 4321: 4295: 4269: 4243: 4217: 4185: 4167: 4078:Husna, Nabilah (20 June 2019). 4071: 4008: 3982: 3956: 3938: 3918:Goh, Jolene (10 October 2012). 3911: 3856: 3847: 3837: 3812: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3721: 3679: 3670: 3661: 3601: 3592: 3532: 3409: 3364: 3304: 3295: 3264: 3255: 3246: 3216: 3185: 3155: 3146: 2990: 2960: 2871: 2841: 2596:Electronic Research Collections 2572: 2542: 2500: 2469:Immigration Act section 15(3b). 2463: 2406: 2380: 2349: 2340: 2316:Teo Kai Xiang (12 April 2021). 2309: 1925:minority – including dissident 1761:Saint Andrew's Secondary School 1158: 1030:too long so he was standing up. 413:period of British colonial rule 5517:Post-war Singapore (1946–1955) 5000:Lum, Selina (23 August 2014). 4711:Lam, Lydia (6 December 2018). 4459:"Spare your child the rod? No" 3271:Viyajan, K.C. (30 June 2007). 2486:. Cambridge University Press. 2281:. 4 March 2015. Archived from 2205: 2174: 2127: 2029:(1994), a documentary book by 1604:Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) 1301:Dave Teo Ming and Ong Boon Jun 1294:The three perpetrators of the 620:unlawful possession of weapons 476: 354:specially trained prison staff 1: 5150:. Singapore. 19 December 2022 5124:. Singapore. 25 December 2022 5098:. Singapore. 22 December 2022 4675:Teng, Amelia (30 July 2019). 4438:. Singapore. 21 February 2011 3568:Yeo, Andre (20 August 2007). 3546:. Kuala Lumpur. 30 April 2008 3048:Tan, Jeanette (6 July 2018). 2974:. Kuala Lumpur. 27 May 2004. 2415:"Wield the rod, stem the rot" 2084: 2069:Corporal punishment in Taiwan 2020: 1888:Singapore Democratic Alliance 1362:Mohamad Daniel Mohamad Nasser 1340:St James Power Station murder 1042: 683: 570:Offences punishable by caning 548: 5532:Republic of Singapore (1965– 4570:. Singapore. 11 April 1999. 4283:. Singapore. 3 December 2007 4181:. Singapore. 24 August 2019. 2482:Rajah, Jothie (April 2012). 2074:Judicial corporal punishment 1398:Mohamed Aliff Mohamed Yusoff 483:Criminal Procedure Code 2010 398:Judicial corporal punishment 7: 5955:Water supply and sanitation 5281:Teo, Wendy (3 April 2007). 4819:. Singapore. 12 April 2006. 4647:"To cane or not to cane..." 4489:"To cane or not to cane..." 3893:"Singapore: Reformatory CP" 3735:. Singapore. 30 July 1975. 2878:"How a Prisoner is Caned". 2387:Lam, Lydia (20 July 2020). 2047: 1367:Muhammad Iskandar bin Sa'at 1296:murder of Jagagevan Jayaram 1215:murder of Nurdin Nguan Song 1008: 887: 267:Tyrer v. the United Kingdom 10: 6189: 5900:National Courtesy Campaign 4940:"Singapore Defends Caning" 2829:. U.S. Department of State 2781:. U.S. Department of State 2759:. U.S. Department of State 2556:. Singapore. 3 July 1998. 2079:School corporal punishment 1845: 1649:full-time National Service 1423: 1378:2019 Orchard Towers murder 1312:Madhuri Jaya Chandra Reddy 1251:The eight gang members of 1224:Two men convicted for the 983:, criticised the American 937: 836:January to September only 769:January to September only 539:Convention Against Torture 402: 395: 386:best interest of the child 6117: 6065: 5963: 5835: 5826: 5736: 5727: 5629: 5620: 5553: 5544: 5477: 5370:The Caning of Michael Fay 4593:Hun, Boon (26 May 2017). 3968:Singapore Statutes Online 3318:. Reuters. 26 June 1994. 3169:. Singapore. 4 May 1994. 3122:kAi (23 September 2008). 2506:Vandalism Act, section 3. 1873:1994 Michael Fay incident 1867:In a 2004 interview with 1500: 1467: 1456: 1448: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1383:Ridzuan Mega Abdul Rahman 1242:Mohammad Zam Abdul Rashid 1192:Zainal Abidin Abdul Malik 951:Singapore Bar Association 783:January to November only 411:and Singapore during the 321:is a widely used form of 5634:Administrative divisions 5492:Early history (pre–1819) 5487:Archaeology in Singapore 5368:Baratham, Gopal (1994). 5174:11 February 2014 at the 3431:Baratham, Gopal (1994). 2882:. Singapore. 1 May 1994. 2139:11 February 2014 at the 1973: 1869:China Central Television 1615:Singapore Prison Service 1414:Ayeesha child abuse case 1143:Dominic Martin Fernandez 1085:murder of Lee Kok Cheong 909:Administration procedure 864:January to October only 850:January to October only 481:Sections 325–332 of the 5799:Singapore Standard (SS) 5421:Criminal Procedure Code 4384:RedWire Times Singapore 3598:Prisons Act section 75. 2306:Prisons Act section 71. 1544:Dimensions of the cane 1412:A man convicted in the 1393:Muhammad Salihin Ismail 1232:murder of Png Hock Seng 1176:murder of Lee Juay Heng 871:reported in the press. 471:Parliament of Singapore 356:using a long and thick 350:Criminal Procedure Code 5895:Long hair in Singapore 5237:Singapore Legal Advice 1886:, a candidate for the 1803: 1718:centralised institutes 1628:Singapore Armed Forces 1237:Saminathan Subramaniam 1220:Roshdi Abdullah Altway 1032: 1006: 454:with the intention of 442:, aggravated forms of 370:Singapore Armed Forces 5784:Proposed developments 4847:Amnesty International 4256:sg.theasianparent.com 3794:Lim, Hui Min (2014). 2043:(1994) by Asad Latif. 1911:Amnesty International 1892:2006 general election 1880:People's Action Party 1801: 1788:Nan Chiau High School 1725:Ministry of Education 1516:The official term is 1509:The official term is 1408:Mohamad Fazli Selamat 1226:Oriental Hotel murder 1185:Eight members of the 1027: 989: 714:Sentences carried out 647:People's Action Party 596:causing grievous hurt 5563:Environmental issues 5393:Latif, Asad (1994). 3820:"Areas for Advocacy" 3134:on 28 September 2008 1530:strokes of the rotan 1356:Jackson Lim Hou Peng 1346:Mohamed Taufik Zahar 1323:Gunasegaran Ramasamy 1267:Robson Tay Teik Chai 632:illegal moneylending 586:, gang robbery with 224:United Arab Emirates 6173:Caning in Singapore 5920:Population planning 5905:National Day Parade 5741:Economic statistics 5349:on 16 November 2017 5317:Her World Singapore 5193:All Singapore Stuff 5169:Ratification status 5034:(6 February 2015). 4975:Singapore Dissident 4915:. 21 January 2014. 2134:Ratification status 1944:In 2022, President 1526:strokes of the cane 1079:Khwan-On Natthaphon 711:Number of sentences 323:corporal punishment 34:Corporal punishment 16:Corporal punishment 5910:No U-turn syndrome 5804:Telecommunications 5794:Singapore Exchange 5756:Monetary Authority 5072:. 19 December 2022 4913:Human Rights Watch 4792:. September 2012. 3516:. September 2012. 3486:. September 2012. 3453:. September 2012. 3393:. September 2012. 3348:. September 2012. 3230:. September 2012. 3020:. September 2012. 2855:. September 2012. 2526:. September 2012. 2322:Singapore Samizdat 2285:on 1 December 2017 2064:Caning in Malaysia 1980:Prison Me? No Way! 1919:Human Rights Watch 1804: 1659:Reformatory caning 1430:Caning in Malaysia 1290:Tony Koh Zhan Quan 1119:Hairee Anak Landak 555:sentenced to death 509:sentenced to death 368:Servicemen in the 253:Ingraham v. Wright 6160: 6159: 6113: 6112: 6008:Singapore English 5822: 5821: 5723: 5722: 5710:Political parties 5656:Foreign relations 5616: 5615: 5256:The Straits Times 5148:The Straits Times 5122:The Straits Times 5070:The Straits Times 5040:The Straits Times 5006:The Straits Times 4717:Channel News Asia 4681:The Straits Times 4650:The Straits Times 4624:New Straits Times 4386:. 23 October 2014 4334:The Straits Times 4231:. 7 February 2002 4229:MuslimVillage.com 4179:The Straits Times 3996:. 14 January 2017 3931:978-981-4408-99-8 3869:The Straits Times 3733:The Straits Times 3614:The Straits Times 3316:Los Angeles Times 3277:The Straits Times 3167:The Straits Times 2972:New Straits Times 2908:The Straits Times 2880:The Straits Times 2554:The Straits Times 2187:The Straits Times 1969:In arts and media 1688:The Straits Times 1590: 1589: 1318:Darren Ng Wei Jie 1257:South Bridge Road 1181:Kuppiah Saravanan 1148:Ahmad Muin Yaacob 1138:David James Roach 1123:Donny Anak Meluda 868: 867: 639:Indian Penal Code 436:England and Wales 432:cat o' nine tails 316: 315: 108:Cat o' nine tails 75:By implementation 6180: 6140: 6133: 6126: 5840:Communitarianism 5833: 5832: 5769: 5734: 5733: 5627: 5626: 5551: 5550: 5535: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5437: 5436: 5409: 5408: 5390: 5384: 5383: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5345:. Archived from 5335: 5329: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5309: 5303: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5269: 5267: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5239:. 22 April 2019. 5229: 5223: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5185: 5179: 5166: 5160: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5096:Channel NewsAsia 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5028: 5022: 5021: 5019: 5017: 4997: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4966: 4960: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4926: 4924: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4888: 4877: 4869: 4863: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4839: 4833: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4812: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4782: 4773: 4770: 4764: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4735: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4708: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4672: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4642: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4616: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4605: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4581: 4579: 4568:The Sunday Times 4560: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4535: 4529: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4509: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4463:The Sunday Times 4454: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4443: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4402: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4376: 4367: 4366: 4364: 4362: 4347: 4338: 4337: 4325: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4299: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4264: 4262: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4238: 4236: 4221: 4215: 4214: 4212: 4210: 4204: 4197: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4162: 4160: 4141: 4132: 4129: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4104: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4055:. January 2019. 4045: 4024: 4023: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3975: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3889: 3880: 3879: 3877: 3875: 3860: 3854: 3851: 3845: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3832: 3830: 3824: 3816: 3810: 3809: 3791: 3785: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3744: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3695: 3686: 3683: 3677: 3674: 3668: 3665: 3659: 3658: 3656: 3654: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3590: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3565: 3556: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3536: 3530: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3506: 3500: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3476: 3467: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3443: 3437: 3436: 3428: 3422: 3421: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3383: 3377: 3376: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3359: 3357: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3293: 3292: 3290: 3288: 3268: 3262: 3259: 3253: 3250: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3239: 3220: 3214: 3213: 3211: 3209: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3159: 3153: 3150: 3144: 3143: 3141: 3139: 3130:. 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Archived from 2313: 2307: 2304: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2271: 2260: 2257: 2248: 2245: 2232: 2229: 2218: 2217: 2209: 2203: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2178: 2172: 2169: 2160: 2157: 2148: 2131: 2125: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2111:. January 2019. 2101: 2059:Caning in Brunei 1933:and businessman 1817:The Sunday Times 1643: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1608:visiting justice 1460:Not in practice 1438: 1437: 1426:Caning in Brunei 1372:Syed Maffi Hasan 1059:Soosay Sinnappen 1004:, 20 April 1994) 1001:New York Newsday 992:wacked [ 949:A report by the 705: 704: 628:drug trafficking 438:. They included 308: 301: 294: 44: 21: 20: 6188: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6177: 6163: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6143: 6136: 6129: 6122: 6109: 6061: 5959: 5940:Sex trafficking 5935:Public holidays 5880:Eat Frozen Pork 5818: 5767: 5719: 5612: 5540: 5533: 5473: 5464: 5417: 5412: 5405: 5391: 5387: 5380: 5366: 5362: 5352: 5350: 5337: 5336: 5332: 5322: 5320: 5311: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5294: 5279: 5275: 5265: 5263: 5248: 5244: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5216: 5214: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5187: 5186: 5182: 5176:Wayback Machine 5167: 5163: 5153: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5116: 5115: 5111: 5101: 5099: 5090: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5049: 5047: 5029: 5025: 5015: 5013: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4967: 4963: 4953: 4951: 4936: 4932: 4922: 4920: 4907: 4906: 4902: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4866: 4856: 4854: 4841: 4840: 4836: 4828: 4824: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4799: 4797: 4784: 4783: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4736: 4732: 4722: 4720: 4709: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4686: 4684: 4673: 4669: 4659: 4657: 4643: 4639: 4629: 4627: 4618: 4617: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4591: 4587: 4577: 4575: 4562: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4537: 4536: 4532: 4522: 4520: 4510: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4492:www.asiaone.com 4487: 4486: 4482: 4472: 4470: 4455: 4451: 4441: 4439: 4436:www.asiaone.com 4430: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4389: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4348: 4341: 4326: 4322: 4312: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4296: 4286: 4284: 4275: 4274: 4270: 4260: 4258: 4248: 4244: 4234: 4232: 4223: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4186: 4173: 4172: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4143: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4106: 4105: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4047: 4046: 4027: 4014: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3988: 3987: 3983: 3973: 3971: 3962: 3961: 3957: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3916: 3912: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3890: 3883: 3873: 3871: 3861: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3742: 3740: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3697: 3696: 3689: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3671: 3666: 3662: 3652: 3650: 3649:. 3 August 2021 3641: 3640: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3606: 3602: 3597: 3593: 3583: 3581: 3566: 3559: 3549: 3547: 3538: 3537: 3533: 3523: 3521: 3508: 3507: 3503: 3493: 3491: 3478: 3477: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3445: 3444: 3440: 3429: 3425: 3414: 3410: 3400: 3398: 3385: 3384: 3380: 3369: 3365: 3355: 3353: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3310: 3309: 3305: 3300: 3296: 3286: 3284: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3222: 3221: 3217: 3207: 3205: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3161: 3160: 3156: 3151: 3147: 3137: 3135: 3120: 3109: 3099: 3097: 3086: 3073: 3063: 3061: 3046: 3037: 3027: 3025: 3012: 3011: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2951: 2949: 2934: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2900: 2887: 2877: 2876: 2872: 2862: 2860: 2847: 2846: 2842: 2832: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2810: 2808: 2799: 2798: 2794: 2784: 2782: 2777: 2776: 2772: 2762: 2760: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2740: 2738: 2733: 2732: 2728: 2718: 2716: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2696: 2694: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2674: 2672: 2667: 2666: 2662: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2644: 2640: 2630: 2628: 2623: 2622: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2602:on 11 July 2010 2590: 2589: 2582: 2577: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2548: 2547: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2518: 2517: 2510: 2505: 2501: 2494: 2480: 2473: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2438: 2428: 2426: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2354: 2350: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2328:on 7 April 2023 2314: 2310: 2305: 2298: 2288: 2286: 2279:SingaporeLaw.sg 2273: 2272: 2263: 2258: 2251: 2246: 2235: 2230: 2221: 2210: 2206: 2196: 2194: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2163: 2158: 2151: 2141:Wayback Machine 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2103: 2102: 2091: 2087: 2050: 2023: 1976: 1971: 1955: 1850: 1844: 1842:Judicial caning 1839: 1796: 1794:Domestic caning 1773: 1771:Female students 1714:junior colleges 1710: 1661: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1624: 1622:Military caning 1595: 1432: 1422: 1281:Chong Keng Chye 1165:Harun bin Ripin 1161: 1105:Cheong Chun Yin 1069:Ng Theng Shuang 1045: 1040: 1011: 940: 911: 890: 877: 875:Caning officers 686: 572: 551: 500:and not by the 479: 405: 400: 394: 392:Judicial caning 346:judicial caning 312: 246:CFCYL v. Canada 17: 12: 11: 5: 6186: 6176: 6175: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6154: 6149: 6142: 6141: 6134: 6127: 6119: 6118: 6115: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6087: 6082: 6077: 6071: 6069: 6063: 6062: 6060: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5985: 5980: 5975: 5969: 5967: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5930:Public housing 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5830: 5824: 5823: 5820: 5819: 5817: 5816: 5811: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5720: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5685: 5680: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5671:Prime Minister 5668: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5642: 5641: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5593:Urban planning 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5554: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5539: 5538: 5529: 5524: 5519: 5514: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5463: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5440: 5434: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5416: 5415:External links 5413: 5411: 5410: 5403: 5385: 5378: 5360: 5330: 5304: 5273: 5242: 5224: 5198: 5180: 5161: 5135: 5109: 5083: 5057: 5023: 4992: 4961: 4930: 4900: 4864: 4834: 4822: 4807: 4774: 4765: 4753: 4730: 4703: 4694: 4667: 4637: 4611: 4585: 4555: 4530: 4504: 4480: 4449: 4423: 4397: 4368: 4339: 4320: 4307:The China Post 4294: 4268: 4242: 4216: 4184: 4166: 4133: 4121: 4096: 4070: 4025: 4007: 3981: 3955: 3946: 3937: 3930: 3921:Jolene's Story 3910: 3881: 3855: 3846: 3836: 3811: 3805:978-9810790950 3804: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3750: 3720: 3687: 3678: 3669: 3660: 3631: 3600: 3591: 3557: 3531: 3501: 3468: 3438: 3423: 3408: 3378: 3363: 3333: 3303: 3294: 3263: 3254: 3245: 3215: 3184: 3154: 3145: 3124:"My Story 第五部" 3107: 3071: 3035: 2998: 2989: 2959: 2942:Deutsche Welle 2925: 2885: 2870: 2840: 2818: 2807:on 27 May 2017 2792: 2770: 2748: 2726: 2704: 2682: 2660: 2638: 2613: 2580: 2571: 2541: 2508: 2499: 2492: 2471: 2462: 2436: 2405: 2379: 2348: 2339: 2308: 2296: 2261: 2249: 2233: 2219: 2204: 2173: 2161: 2149: 2145:United Nations 2126: 2088: 2086: 2083: 2082: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2044: 2038: 2035:Michael P. Fay 2031:Gopal Baratham 2022: 2019: 2018: 2017: 2011: 1999: 1991:The Homecoming 1987: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1954: 1951: 1900:Workers' Party 1854:Prime Minister 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1795: 1792: 1772: 1769: 1747: 1746: 1743: 1739: 1736: 1709: 1706: 1660: 1657: 1623: 1620: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1573:Modus operandi 1569: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1555: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1541: 1540: 1533: 1514: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1484: 1481: 1477: 1476: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1454:Sharia caning 1451: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1421: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1374: 1369: 1364: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1314: 1309: 1303: 1298: 1292: 1283: 1278: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1228: 1222: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1170:Bala Kuppusamy 1167: 1160: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1115:Tony Anak Imba 1112: 1107: 1102: 1097: 1095:Oliver Fricker 1092: 1087: 1081: 1076: 1071: 1066: 1064:Michael P. Fay 1061: 1056: 1051: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 1015:gentian violet 1010: 1007: 977:Gopal Baratham 967:state of shock 939: 936: 910: 907: 889: 886: 876: 873: 866: 865: 862: 859: 856: 852: 851: 848: 845: 842: 838: 837: 834: 831: 828: 824: 823: 821: 818: 815: 811: 810: 808: 805: 802: 798: 797: 795: 792: 789: 785: 784: 781: 778: 775: 771: 770: 767: 764: 761: 757: 756: 754: 751: 748: 744: 743: 741: 738: 735: 731: 730: 728: 726: 723: 719: 718: 715: 712: 709: 685: 682: 576:hostage-taking 571: 568: 550: 547: 524: 523: 519: 512: 505: 494: 490: 478: 475: 404: 401: 393: 390: 314: 313: 311: 310: 303: 296: 288: 285: 284: 278: 277: 273: 272: 271: 270: 263: 256: 249: 239: 238: 234: 233: 232: 231: 226: 221: 216: 211: 206: 201: 196: 191: 183: 182: 178: 177: 176: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 77: 76: 72: 71: 70: 69: 64: 59: 51: 50: 46: 45: 37: 36: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6185: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6144: 6139: 6135: 6132: 6128: 6125: 6121: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6091: 6088: 6086: 6083: 6081: 6078: 6076: 6073: 6072: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6038: 6035: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6017: 6016: 6013: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6004: 6001: 5999: 5996: 5994: 5991: 5989: 5986: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5825: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5770: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5694: 5691: 5690: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5644: 5640: 5639:Town Councils 5637: 5636: 5635: 5632: 5631: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5606: 5604: 5601: 5599: 5598:Urban renewal 5596: 5594: 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5555: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5543: 5537: 5530: 5528: 5525: 5523: 5520: 5518: 5515: 5513: 5510: 5508: 5505: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5461: 5456: 5454: 5449: 5447: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5418: 5406: 5404:981-204-530-9 5400: 5396: 5389: 5381: 5379:981-00-5747-4 5375: 5371: 5364: 5348: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5319:. 4 June 2013 5318: 5314: 5308: 5292: 5289:. Singapore. 5288: 5287:The New Paper 5284: 5277: 5261: 5258:. Singapore. 5257: 5253: 5246: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5184: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5149: 5145: 5139: 5123: 5119: 5113: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5045: 5042:. Singapore. 5041: 5037: 5033: 5032:Ho, Kwon Ping 5027: 5011: 5008:. Singapore. 5007: 5003: 4996: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4904: 4885: 4881: 4874: 4868: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4838: 4831: 4826: 4818: 4817:The New Paper 4811: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4781: 4779: 4769: 4762: 4757: 4741: 4734: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4698: 4682: 4678: 4671: 4655: 4652:. Singapore. 4651: 4648: 4641: 4625: 4621: 4615: 4600: 4596: 4589: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4559: 4544: 4543:mothership.sg 4540: 4534: 4519: 4515: 4508: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4468: 4465:. Singapore. 4464: 4460: 4453: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4412:. 31 May 2017 4411: 4407: 4401: 4385: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4357: 4353: 4346: 4344: 4335: 4331: 4324: 4308: 4304: 4298: 4282: 4281:The New Paper 4278: 4272: 4257: 4253: 4246: 4230: 4226: 4220: 4201: 4194: 4188: 4180: 4176: 4170: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4140: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4109: 4103: 4101: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4021: 4017: 4011: 3995: 3991: 3985: 3969: 3965: 3959: 3950: 3941: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3922: 3914: 3898: 3894: 3888: 3886: 3870: 3866: 3859: 3850: 3840: 3821: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3797: 3790: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3754: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3724: 3708: 3704: 3700: 3694: 3692: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3636: 3619: 3616:. Singapore. 3615: 3611: 3604: 3595: 3579: 3576:. Singapore. 3575: 3574:The New Paper 3571: 3564: 3562: 3545: 3541: 3535: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3505: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3473: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3434: 3427: 3419: 3418:The New Paper 3412: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3374: 3373:The New Paper 3367: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3298: 3282: 3279:. Singapore. 3278: 3274: 3267: 3258: 3249: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3219: 3203: 3200:. Singapore. 3199: 3198:The New Paper 3195: 3188: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3158: 3149: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3118: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3095: 3091: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3059: 3055: 3051: 3044: 3042: 3040: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 2993: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2963: 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2930: 2913: 2910:. Singapore. 2909: 2905: 2898: 2896: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2881: 2874: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2844: 2828: 2822: 2806: 2802: 2796: 2780: 2774: 2758: 2752: 2736: 2730: 2714: 2708: 2692: 2686: 2670: 2664: 2648: 2642: 2626: 2620: 2618: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2585: 2575: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2545: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2513: 2503: 2495: 2493:9781107634169 2489: 2485: 2478: 2476: 2466: 2450: 2446: 2440: 2424: 2421:. New Delhi. 2420: 2419:The Asian Age 2416: 2409: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2352: 2343: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2303: 2301: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2256: 2254: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2224: 2215: 2214:The New Paper 2208: 2192: 2189:. Singapore. 2188: 2184: 2177: 2168: 2166: 2156: 2154: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2051: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2024: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2005: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1985: 1984:Changi Prison 1981: 1978: 1977: 1966: 1962: 1960: 1953:School caning 1950: 1947: 1946:Halimah Yacob 1942: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1922: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1903: 1901: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1849: 1834: 1832: 1826: 1824: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1808: 1800: 1791: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1768: 1764: 1762: 1756: 1753: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1708:School caning 1705: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1669: 1668:reformatories 1664: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1629: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1599: 1593:Prison caning 1584: 1580: 1576: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1566: 1563: 1560: 1558:Type of cane 1557: 1556: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1524:, as well as 1523: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1504: 1497: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1453: 1452: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1415: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1388:Pua Hak Chuan 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1370: 1368: 1365: 1363: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1313: 1310: 1308: 1307:Wan Cheon Kem 1304: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1276:Tan Ping Koon 1273: 1272:Chua Ser Lien 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1262:Peh Thian Hui 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1210: 1209:Yeu Lam Ching 1206: 1204: 1203:Jaswant Singh 1200: 1198: 1197:Chua Gin Boon 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1187:Ang Soon Tong 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1154: 1151: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1100:Yong Vui Kong 1098: 1096: 1093: 1091: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1074:Kraisak Sakha 1072: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1049:Beh Meng Chai 1047: 1046: 1038:Notable cases 1035: 1031: 1026: 1024: 1018: 1016: 1005: 1003: 1002: 997: 996: 988: 986: 985:tabloid press 982: 978: 974: 972: 968: 962: 958: 954: 952: 947: 945: 935: 931: 927: 923: 919: 915: 906: 904: 900: 895: 885: 883: 872: 863: 860: 857: 854: 853: 849: 846: 843: 840: 839: 835: 832: 829: 826: 825: 822: 819: 816: 813: 812: 809: 806: 803: 800: 799: 796: 793: 790: 787: 786: 782: 779: 776: 773: 772: 768: 765: 762: 759: 758: 755: 752: 749: 746: 745: 742: 739: 736: 733: 732: 729: 727: 724: 721: 720: 716: 713: 710: 707: 706: 703: 701: 697: 696:Changi Prison 692: 689: 681: 679: 675: 670: 666: 663: 659: 658:Yong Pung How 656: 655:Chief Justice 650: 648: 644: 643:Vandalism Act 640: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 567: 564: 558: 556: 546: 544: 540: 536: 532: 527: 520: 517: 513: 510: 506: 503: 499: 495: 491: 488: 487: 486: 484: 474: 472: 467: 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 420: 418: 414: 410: 399: 389: 387: 383: 377: 373: 371: 366: 364: 363:reformatories 359: 355: 351: 347: 342: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 309: 304: 302: 297: 295: 290: 289: 287: 286: 283: 280: 279: 275: 274: 269: 268: 264: 262: 261: 257: 255: 254: 250: 248: 247: 243: 242: 241: 240: 236: 235: 230: 229:United States 227: 225: 222: 220: 217: 215: 212: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 186: 185: 184: 180: 179: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 118:Foot whipping 116: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 80: 79: 78: 74: 73: 68: 65: 63: 60: 58: 55: 54: 53: 52: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 32: 31: 27: 23: 22: 19: 6138:Bibliography 6080:Coat of arms 6057:Singaporeans 5978:Architecture 5925:Prostitution 5875:Demographics 5844: 5693:Conscription 5678:Human rights 5646:Constitution 5394: 5388: 5369: 5363: 5351:. 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