858:
62:
95:
536:
1174:
550:
1879:, master not named, and (iv) a fourth unnamed ship, master likewise not named. Montejo's principal subordinates were Alonso Dávila (second-in-command), Antón Sánchez Calabrés, Pedro de los Ríos, Pedro de Añasco, Pedro de Lugones, Pedro González, Hernando Palomino, Pedro Gaitán, and possibly Andrés de Calleja and Roberto Alemán. Crown representatives Pedro de Luna and Hernando de Cueto accompanied the expedition, as did frays Juan Rodríguez de Caraveo, Pedro Fernández, and Gregorio de San Martín. The flotilla was thoroughly refitted at
78:
1467:
748:
791:
1033:
determined on guerrilla warfare. By March 1547, most coalition troops had been defeated, exhausted by attrition, or otherwise convinced to lay down their arms. Afterwards, five or six of the principal instigators were tried and killed, circa 2,000 prisoners of war were (illegally) enslaved, a number of
Spanish military captains were charged with and convicted of war crimes.
1131:, which established the nature of the relationship between the Governor of Yucatán and the Viceroy of New Spain: "It is convenient that the governors and captain generals of the Province of Yucatán, precisely and in a timely manner fulfill the orders that the viceroys of New Spain give them. And we order that the governors obey them and fulfill them."
1042:
1443:
had initially hoped to find significant deposits of gold and precious metals in the Yucatán peninsula. As the conquest wore on, it became increasingly apparent that none such were to be had. Consequently, agriculture was settled on as the primary economic activity of
Spanish Yucatán. Some commerce,
1032:
were massacred. The planned offensive on Mérida faltered, while that on
Valladolid devolved into a siege, broken circa two weeks afterwards by a military detachment from Mérida. The strike on Bacalar likewise devolved into a blockade, broken in early 1547. The defeated coalition forces nonetheless
1184:
The letters patent of 8 December 1526, granted to
Francisco de Montejo for the conquest of the Yucatán Peninsula, incorporated various provisions designed to ensure the successful conversion of Mayan residents to (Roman Catholic) Christianity. Christian proselytising efforts in the Peninsula were
159:
143:
144:
167:
152:
156:
147:
164:
169:
163:
157:
160:
153:
149:
142:
162:
146:
145:
141:
139:
138:
166:
161:
158:
151:
150:
2178:, pp. 311–313). Testera sent a second mission to Spanish Yucatán in 1542. This latter mission, composed of four friars (Luis de Villalpando, Lorenzo de Bienvenida, Melchor de Benavente, and Juan de Herrera), arrived in 1545, and proved more enduring than the first (
165:
148:
140:
168:
155:
154:
170:
2490:
Old World flora and fauna were introduced during the
Spanish conquest, notably including draught and farm animals, crops (eg cabbages, lettuces, turnips, onions, sugar cane), and fruit trees (eg citruses, figs, pomegranates, dates, coconuts, plantains, sapodillas)
4266:. IIº Congreso Internacional de Historia de América reunido en Buenos Aires en los días 5 a 14 de julio de 1937 : conmemoración del IV centenario de la fundación de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Vol. 2. Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de la Historia.
1087:, with the viceroy retaining the right to oversee the province's governance, when it was deemed necessary, and the Audiencia of Mexico taking judicial cases in appeal. The province and captaincy general covered the territory that today are the States of
136:
1232:
at the
Provincial Convent of St. Francis, Mérida, in 1547. Instruction included Roman Catholic doctrine for all Mayan children and adults, (Latin) reading and writing for children of pre-eminent Mayan families, and choral music for Mayan adults.
920:
were ambushed by the military or militia of the Ekab
Province near that state's eponymous capital. The expeditionaries' reports of grand Mayan cities lead to further Cuban expeditions to the Gulf coast of the Peninsula, notably leading up to the
857:
1579:, p. 98, namely, Lithic – 8000 BC and prior dates, Archaic – 8000 to 2000 BC, Preclassic – 2000 BC to 250 AD, Classic – 250 to 900 AD, and Postclassic – 900 AD and posterior dates. Furthermore, dates prior to 12 October 1492 constitute the
2695:
1155:
On 15 September 1821, in the Hall of
Councils of the City of Mérida, Yucatán declared its independence from Spain. Almost immediately, Governor Juan María Echeverri sent two representatives to negotiate the incorporation of Yucatán into the
1795:, p. 11). Despite the 1502 Columbus landing at Guanaja, 1508 Díaz de Solís–Yáñez Pinzón reconnaissance, and 1511 stranding of Guerrero, de Aguilar, and company, this 1517 Hernández de Córdoba expedition is popularly deemed the
2005:
Casualties included persons not deemed fit for combat, eg women and children. At least some victims were ritualistically tortured and killed. Additionally, Spanish-owned cattle and pets, and non-native plants, were destroyed
4519:
Arquitectura religiosa virreinal de Yucatán : el conocimiento històrico-técnico de las iglesias con estructura espacial conventual : el conocimiento de la arquitectura histórica como condicionante de la
2182:, p. 313). An additional four Franciscan friars (Nicolás de Albalate, Angel Maldonado, Miguel de Vera, Juan de la Puerta) arrived in 1546 or 1547, and a further eight (including Francisco de Bustamante and
4194:
1026:. Six neighbouring (former) provinces joined Kupul in the operation, which was scheduled for the full moon night of 8–9 November 1546. On said night, circa 500–600 non-allied Mayans, and fifteen to twenty
135:
3789:
Chuchiak IV, John F. (2003). "By faith, not arms : The role of franciscan reducciones and the frontier mission experience in the subjugation of the Maya hinterland of colonial Yucatán, 1602–1672".
1630:, p. 339). It is believed to have sustained a successful programme of conquest during the tenth century, thereby bringing neighbouring inland settlements and key coastal ports under its dominion (
137:
2222:
was held in Mérida in early 1547, during which these were invited to send their children to the
Franciscan school in town, though at least some children were rather sent to said school by
1083:
were used in Yucatán, and instead the governor-captain general relied on other subordinate officials to handle the oversight of local districts. The
Captaincy General remained part of the
1791:, in search of slaves, but instead set course towards the Peninsula on the prompting of chief pilot Antón de Alamilla, who had sailed with Columbus on his fourth voyage of 1502–1504 (
2807:
1114:
Law IV ("Que el Governador de Yucatan guarde las ordenes del Virrey de Nueva España") of Title I ("De los Terminos, Division, y Agregación de las Governaciones") of Book V of the
1738:, pp. 235–237). The latter captain was the expedition's chief pilot, and had previously accompanied Columbus during his third and fourth voyages in 1498–1500 and 1502–1504 (
7256:
1897:
3537:
Awe, Jaime J.; Helmke, Christophe (April 2015). "The Sword and the Olive Jar : Material evidence of seventeenth-century Maya-European Interaction in central Belize".
1049:
The Captaincy General of Yucatán was created in 1617 to provide more autonomy for the Peninsula, previously ruled directly by a simple governor under the jurisdiction of
3833:
Llave y custodia de esta provincia : el presidio de San Felipe Bacalar ante los asentamientos británicos del sur - oriente de la Península de Yucatán (1779 - 1798)
1377:
Francisco de Montejo's letters patent of 8 December 1526 incorporated a number of provisions designed to attract Spanish settlers to the Yucatán peninsula, including–
1349:
or royal decree on 13 December 1527, was thereby set up as a superior court of judicature for Spanish Yucatán. The province was made an administrative district of the
1147:
of Yucatán covering the same area as the Province. The intendancy took control of government and military finances and had broad powers to promote the local economy.
511:
2190:, pp. 313–314, 317). The Franciscans held their first chapter meeting on 29 September 1549, and were established as a province in 1561 (with Landa as the first
4481:
Ojeda, Jorge Victoria (July 2019). "El arribo de los españoles a la Peninsula de Yucatán y el inicio del cambio en el paisaje biocultural de la región, siglo XVI".
362:
4186:
3583:
Barrera Vásquez, Alfredo; Bastarrachea Manzano, Juan Ramón; Brito Sansores, William; Vermont Salas, Refugio; Dzul Góngora, David; Dzul Poot, Domingo, eds. (1980).
2626:
1746:, p. 237). This voyage is known to have reached Guanaja in the Bay of Honduras, but there is disagreement as to whether the expedition then headed north to
2174:, p. 311). The first mission, believed to have been composed of Testera and four companions, was expelled by a military expedition under Lorenzo de Godoy (
7413:
4700:
6386:
1077:
to the governor of Yucatán, the province gained greater autonomy in administration and military matters. Unlike in most areas of Spanish America, no formal
7443:
7408:
5395:
7428:
6406:
5321:
3711:. Publicaciones de la Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos de la Universidad de Sevilla. Vol. 5. Seville: Escuela de Estudios Hispanoamericanos.
189:
7324:
1981:
4219:
6871:
4738:
4508:
4237:
Recopilacion de leyes de los reynos de la Indias : mandadas imprimir y pvblicar por la Magestad Catolica del Rey Don Carlos II nuestro señor
2460:
or royal decree of 23 April 1548 directed the viceroy to oversee the adoption of a number of measures regarding Mayan residents of the province (
6366:
4934:
4919:
7329:
6416:
1197:
882:
in late July or early August 1502. Spaniards are thought to have first reached the Yucatán Peninsula in the latter half of 1508, during the
6021:
5379:
3496:
7438:
3625:
Bialuschewski, Arne (1 January 2017). "Slaves of the Buccaneers : Mayas in captivity in the second half of the seventeenth century".
2599:
4043:
7433:
7368:
4896:
4639:
4686:. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication. Vol. 613 (1st ed.). Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
4112:
7236:
6340:
5018:
4871:
1300:
of Yucatán, who was afforded executive, legislative and judicial authority over the province. Spanish Yucatán was partitioned into
4355:
Logwood : An inquiry into the historical biogeography of Haematoxylum campeachianum L. and related dyewoods of the neotropics
4087:
3521:
6320:
3896:
1977:
1698:
1650:
3946:
2285:, pp. 22–25). A digitised copy of these letters patent is available at the Portal de Archivos Españoles under call number
1572:
61:
5458:
7094:
5205:
4721:
Under the Shade I Flourish : An environmental history of northern Belize over the last three thousand five hundred years
4471:
395:
6056:
5925:
5552:
5548:
2138:
from 1511 to late February 1519, but is not known to have engaged in missionary work, having been a slave or servant of the
7189:
7184:
6552:
5958:
5601:
5054:
3450:
Andrews, Anthony P. (1984). "The Political Geography of the Sixteenth Century Yucatan Maya : Comments and Revisions".
2767:
2271:
1260:
or letters patent for the conquest of Yucatán, granted on 8 December 1526 by Charles I of Spain to Francisco de Montejo in
922:
917:
3921:
3559:
7251:
6371:
1391:
5240:
4604:. Biblioteca Básica de Yucatán. Vol. 18. Merida, Yuc.: Secretaría de Educación del Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán.
2323:
or royal officers, appointed by and responsible to the Spanish sovereign, administered part of the province's treasury (
1478:
1208:, during or shortly after an assembly of the province's mayors, held at some point during December 1527 and March 1528.
760:
7018:
6335:
6271:
5993:
5973:
5448:
5180:
5143:
4574:
1780:
7383:
6487:
4599:
7084:
6993:
6391:
5935:
5488:
5118:
4960:
4800:
4748:
4628:
4609:
4343:
4324:
4137:
3776:. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication. Vol. 582. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington.
2569:
2516:
At least some Postclassic Mayan industries (including salt, beeswax, and cotton textile production) were maintained (
2043:, governor and captain general of Spanish Yucatán, enforced this prohibition in the latter half of 1547, or in 1548 (
1904:, pp. 11–12). Additionally, the conquest did not bring all peninsular Mayan polities under Spanish rule, eg the
1618:
settlers in circa 750–800 AD. It was the most powerful city-state in the Yucatán peninsula until circa 1050–1100 AD (
1177:
689:
649:
7284:
5968:
5452:
5230:
4283:(Report). IIASA Research Report. Vol. RR-00-14. Vienna: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
1062:
6660:
6595:
2743:
7221:
7013:
6800:
6600:
6149:
6084:
5670:
5572:
1880:
1817:
1776:
7139:
6655:
6099:
4018:
The Pirates' Wake : A geography of piracy and pirates as geographers in colonial Spanish America, 1536–1718
1847:
7241:
7179:
6978:
6396:
6109:
6089:
6061:
5978:
5953:
5813:
5621:
5528:
5468:
5435:
4990:
4975:
4827:
4672:
4667:. Linda Schele Series in Maya and Pre-Columbian Studies (1st ed.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
4555:
4536:
4288:
4175:
4156:
4068:
3971:
3820:
3432:
1070:
878:
Peninsular residents are thought to have first learnt of the Spanish in late 1502, upon Christopher Columbus's
399:
7204:
7033:
6790:
1912:, pp. 296–300). By 31 December 1544, the (Spanish) Province of Yucatán consisted of four municipalities–
934:
894:, and their stranded colleagues, who in 1511 had been swept towards the Peninsula from their shipwreck at the
412:
7356:
7334:
7289:
7231:
7209:
7023:
6795:
6477:
6266:
6251:
5336:
5200:
5153:
4743:. Doctrina Jurídica. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.
2445:
280:
6585:
4758:
Saville, Marshall H. (November 1918). "The Discovery of Yucatan in 1517 by Francisco Hernandez de Cordoba".
7226:
7194:
6725:
6590:
6026:
5406:
5215:
5011:
4436:
4417:
4398:
4373:
Historia del descubrimiento y conquista de Yucatán, con una reseña de la historia antigua de esta península
3724:
Camille, Michael A.; Espejo-Saavedra, Rafael (1996). "Historical Geography of the Belizean Logwood Trade".
2441:
883:
7214:
6547:
3394:
Aimers, James J. (17 August 2007). "What Maya Collapse? Terminal Classic Variation in the Maya Lowlands".
7199:
7099:
6730:
6182:
6114:
5083:
4317:
Wars of the Americas : A chronology of armed conflict in the western hemisphere, 1492 to the present
4211:
2385:
2275:
2023:
or priest, Anbal, who had been named the foremost principal instigator by Spaniards and defeated Mayans (
986:, in the Ekab Province, in late September 1527. The Spanish conquest began in 1527, upon the founding of
6650:
6557:
4000:
Sailors and Slaves on the Wood-Cutting Frontier : Archaeology of the British bay settlement, Belize
3815:. Cambridge Latin American Studies. Vol. 61 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3334:
7134:
6497:
6144:
6031:
5943:
5915:
5542:
5512:
5317:
5148:
4640:"El golfo de Honduras: estrategias geopolíticas y militares de una frontera imperial, siglos XVI-XVIII"
2590:
2528:
to the Spanish market, while Hernando de Bracamonte is credited with the introduction of the Old World
2496:
1508:
6517:
6472:
2839:
83:
7053:
7003:
6861:
6760:
6256:
6129:
6094:
6046:
5948:
5560:
5444:
5133:
5103:
5098:
3842:
1066:
1010:
In 1546, state and local officers, and priests, of the (recently defeated) pre-Columbian province of
879:
94:
5678:
4838:
3681:
7423:
6998:
6881:
6841:
6780:
6775:
6715:
6134:
6124:
5910:
5613:
5524:
5225:
3488:
2286:
2263:
1855:
1851:
1350:
1342:
1084:
1050:
727:
385:
7378:
6457:
5690:
5210:
4928:
4913:
4281:
Population, Development, and Environment on the Yucatán Peninsula : From ancient Maya to 2030
3706:
1727:
7048:
6906:
6750:
6690:
6640:
6542:
6139:
6104:
6051:
5686:
5556:
5520:
5250:
5123:
5108:
5004:
2688:
1568:
6241:
3831:
1524:
1276:
7339:
6911:
6846:
6350:
6236:
6119:
6079:
5723:
5516:
5175:
5165:
3601:
2621:
2585:
2098:
1835:
1788:
1642:, pp. 531–533, 537–542). It is commonly credited with (coercively) sponsoring the cult of
1291:
969:
6482:
3582:
2127:
1938:
1557:
1518:
1213:
1019:
891:
328:
77:
6785:
6195:
6016:
5905:
5844:
5772:
5682:
5383:
5063:
4966:
Moseley, Edward H. "From Conquest to Independence: Yucatan Under Spanish Rule, 1521-1821" in
4502:
1846:, para. 13). A digitised copy of the Velázquez de Cuéllar capitulacion is available from the
1553:
1281:
1079:
99:
Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1794, with the Captaincy General of Yucatán shown in light yellow
7319:
6720:
6507:
6467:
6426:
5400:
4933:(PhD). Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
4371:
4016:
7294:
6963:
6926:
6916:
6856:
6755:
6735:
6630:
6442:
6261:
5138:
5128:
4918:(MA). Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social.
4623:. Historia General de Yucatán. Vol. 2. Merida, Yuc.: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.
4035:
3763:
3746:
3255:
2036:
1928:
1417:
1157:
1015:
944:
543:
347:
183:
6820:
6610:
6532:
4888:
3866:
Craig, Alan K. (April 1969). "Logwood as a Factor in the Settlement of British Honduras".
2649:
1173:
841:. At least some of these are believed to have previously been administrative districts of
785:
731:
8:
7363:
7119:
7104:
6988:
6968:
6921:
6901:
6705:
6700:
6645:
6615:
6381:
6006:
5963:
5920:
5849:
5818:
5589:
5568:
5534:
5440:
5410:
5341:
5185:
5158:
5058:
4104:
2191:
1751:
7109:
6810:
4863:
3983:
The History of Yucatan : From its discovery to the close of the seventeenth century
3964:
The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands : Collapse, Transition and Transformation
1228:
Hispano–Christian schooling or indoctrination of Mayan children and adults was begun by
1104:
314:
7418:
7124:
7114:
7089:
7043:
7008:
6866:
6575:
6452:
6325:
5823:
5803:
5463:
5351:
5078:
4806:
4775:
4079:
3875:
3733:
3513:
3475:
3467:
3411:
2504:
1905:
1204:. The first known Christian baptisms in the peninsula occurred in Ekab, capital of the
1128:
1117:
940:
299:
6447:
6376:
3888:
3047:
7304:
7246:
7079:
6851:
6825:
6815:
6805:
6740:
6695:
6625:
6605:
6580:
6527:
6502:
5767:
5294:
5235:
5190:
5049:
4986:
4971:
4956:
4850:
4823:
4796:
4744:
4725:
4706:
4687:
4668:
4651:
4624:
4605:
4561:
4551:
4532:
4467:
4442:
4423:
4404:
4377:
4358:
4339:
4320:
4303:
4284:
4267:
4261:
4240:
4171:
4152:
4133:
4064:
4022:
4003:
3967:
3854:
3816:
3799:
3712:
3693:
3668:
3665:
Colonies of Happenstance : The English settlements in Central America, 1525–1787
3651:
3613:
3588:
3479:
3438:
3428:
3415:
3167:
2919:
2903:
2565:
2159:
1985:
1580:
1513:
1503:
1308:
1271:
1267:
516:
233:
5325:
4300:
English Influence on Belize and the Petén Region of Northern Guatemala, 1630 to 1763
3938:
2452:, pp. 39, 47). Spanish Yucatán was made a province of New Spain prior to 1553 (
2223:
1321:
810:
platform of circa 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi), bound by the
6936:
6931:
6896:
6876:
6635:
6512:
6411:
6315:
5777:
5617:
4767:
4524:
4490:
4459:
3781:
3777:
3758:
3634:
3602:"Dissidences indiennes et complicités flibustières dans la Yucatán du XVIIe siècle"
3546:
3459:
3403:
2163:
1896:
There had been Hispano–Mayan engagements prior to the conquest, eg during the 1517
1061:
by foreign powers, which also involved the establishment of Captaincies General in
1027:
992:, in the Ekab Province, and protracted itself to 1544, ending with the founding of
887:
803:
706:
698:
669:
599:
529:
121:
34:
7314:
5346:
4719:
4236:
3322:
2887:
2392:
or royal decree on 20 November 1542, held jurisdiction over Spanish Yucatán from–
1361:
s letters patent. The latter were further derogated from on 13 May 1549, upon the
7379:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
7129:
7069:
6983:
6891:
6765:
6745:
6710:
6492:
6462:
6401:
6011:
6001:
5897:
5782:
5674:
5631:
5391:
5299:
5170:
4385:
4248:
3986:
2654:
1248:
or noble houses, are known to have vigorously opposed Franciscan indoctrination.
1140:
819:
811:
663:
104:
7038:
4619:
Quezada, Serio; Robles Castellanos, Fernando; Andrews, Anthony P., eds. (2014).
3682:"Los orígenes del asentamiento de Belice / The Origins of the Belize Settlement"
3648:
The Formation of a Colonial Society : Belize, from conquest to Crown colony
2935:
2677:
1217:
6973:
6886:
6770:
6522:
6345:
6330:
6231:
6205:
6190:
6071:
5666:
5660:
5564:
5331:
5245:
5195:
5073:
5027:
3913:
3567:
2199:
2183:
2109:
1186:
1054:
952:
815:
267:
5478:
4729:
4463:
4446:
4408:
4149:
Maya Resistance to Spanish Rule : Time and history on a colonial frontier
3747:"Las instituciones jurídicas en la conquista de Yucatán y fundación de Mérida"
3427:(2nd ed.). Dirección de Desarrollo Urbano del H. Ayuntamiento de Mérida.
3407:
1123:
1041:
7402:
6537:
5387:
5304:
5113:
4949:
4854:
4710:
4655:
4427:
4271:
4244:
4026:
3858:
3803:
3697:
3655:
3638:
3617:
3550:
3463:
2595:
2557:
2202:
were prohibited from missionary work in Spanish Yucatán sometime thereafter (
2086:
1915:
1447:
1241:
823:
204:
191:
67:
4810:
4582:
4565:
4389:
4362:
4307:
4007:
3672:
3442:
2859:
1673:(either 1080–1104 AD or 1185–1204 AD), and ruled the peninsula for thirteen
1411:
7309:
7299:
7028:
6567:
6421:
6246:
5762:
5538:
5220:
5068:
4930:
Los poderes y los hombres : El Golfo de Honduras en tiempos de disputa
4789:
4691:
4494:
4381:
4252:
3990:
3716:
3592:
2525:
2249:
Attendance for doctrinal studies was compulsory at least for Mayan adults (
1747:
1611:
1438:
1160:. The incorporation into the Mexican Empire took place on 2 November 1821.
1092:
959:
842:
6620:
2112:
to accompany reconnaissance, trade, conquest, and settlement expeditions (
6210:
6036:
5605:
5483:
3059:
1615:
1399:
1229:
1209:
380:
113:
6200:
4702:
El Concept Histórico de Capitanía General : Revillagigedo y Yucatán
4550:(16th reprint ed.). Merida, Yuc.: Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.
3879:
3843:"El palo de tinte, motivo de un conflicto entre dos naciones, 1670-1802"
3737:
1854:. A copy of the de Montejo one is similarly available under call number
1775:
The expedition of three ships and over 100 men had been commissioned by
1594:
The number and nature of the Postclassic Mayan states is still debated (
1466:
834:
At the dawn of the sixteenth century, the Peninsula encompassed various
747:
7074:
5808:
5088:
3471:
3155:
2529:
2131:
2019:
At least some instigators were burnt at the stake, including the Kupul
1989:
1830:
1560:, pp. 41a–44a. At least two other orthographic systems exist, per
1382:
1316:
1286:
964:
895:
259:
4779:
4528:
3195:
2047:, p. 251). It is not clear what sentences the convicts received (
1100:
6041:
5798:
5698:
5473:
5375:
5309:
4279:
Lutz, Wolfgang; Prieto, Leonel; Sanderson, Warren, eds. (July 2000).
2167:
1301:
1193:
1144:
1074:
1058:
978:
of Yucatán. Montejo, with four ships and over 250 men, embarked from
956:
835:
576:
453:
241:
237:
45:
4791:
La construcción de la autoridad virreinal en nueva España, 1535-1595
2448:
on 17 April 1535, but did not assume office until 14 November 1535 (
1527:– nineteenth-century Hispano-Mayan conflict in the Yucatán Peninsula
790:
6215:
5093:
4771:
4517:
4458:. The Ocean Basins and Margins. Vol. 3. Boston, MA: Springer.
3962:
Demarest, Arthur A.; Rice, Prudence M.; Rice, Don S., eds. (2004).
3813:
Ambivalent Conquests : Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1517–1570
3346:
2999:
2791:
2474:
2028:
1643:
1354:
1353:
upon or shortly after the latter's formation on 17 April 1535. The
1295:
1088:
973:
3680:
Bulmer-Thomas, Barbara; Bulmer-Thomas, Victor (19 November 2016).
2428:
authority over Spanish Yucatán from 24 April 1548 to 6 July 1550 (
1014:
began organising a coalition force for a swift military strike on
7373:
7344:
5854:
5839:
4996:
4151:(1st ed.). Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
2274:(incorporated by reference in Montejo's letters patent), and the
1969:
1948:
1784:
1694:
1666:
1261:
1096:
1023:
993:
983:
979:
899:
846:
4618:
4441:. Vol. 3. Merida, Yuc.: Imprenta de la Lotería del Estado.
4422:. Vol. 2. Merida, Yuc.: Imprenta de la Lotería del Estado.
4403:. Vol. 1. Merida, Yuc.: Imprenta de la Lotería del Estado.
4280:
3243:
3107:
2097:
prohibition from entry to Spanish Yucatán by non-Christians and
6310:
5864:
5859:
5636:
3370:
2682:
2084:
enslavement of Mayan residents who refused compliance with the
2064:
1973:
1430:
1189:
1108:
1057:
attempt in the late 16th century to prevent incursion into the
999:
581:
571:
4376:(1st ed.). Mérida de Yucatán: Impr. y lit. R. Caballero.
4132:. Maya Studies. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
4130:
Maya Christians and their Churches in Sixteenth-Century Belize
3267:
3035:
3011:
2987:
2951:
1365:
suspension from the offices of governor, captain general, and
916:
Hispano-Mayan hostilities broke out on 5 March 1517, when the
7351:
5625:
5289:
4665:
Maya Political Science : Time, Astrology, and the Cosmos
3343:, pp. 3–4, 101–104, 124, 142–143, 160–161, 165, 174–175.
2731:
2360:
2356:
2337:
2216:
2139:
1521:– nineteenth-century sovereign state in the Yucatán peninsula
1357:
of 20 November 1542 rendered null and void some parts of the
1011:
987:
903:
807:
623:
608:
251:
4235:
León Pinelo, Antonio de; Solórzano Pereira, Juan de (1681).
4234:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3279:
3231:
3207:
3183:
3083:
3053:
2875:
1314:. Said municipalities were further subdivided into Mayan or
5694:
5609:
4063:(Rev. ed.). Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
3836:(MA). Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
3585:
Diccionario maya Cordemex : maya-español, español-maya
2364:
2303:
2135:
1425:
authorisation to employ court fines for local public works,
1205:
955:
for the conquest of the Mayan states in the Peninsula. The
910:
614:
5587:
4915:
Bacalar en el siglo XVII : colonización y resistencia
4193:. Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte del Gobierno de España.
3679:
3358:
3219:
3143:
3131:
3119:
3023:
2975:
2963:
2524:
Marcos de Ayala is believed to have introduced the native
678:
4822:(6th ed.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
4705:(Pamphlet). Merida, Yuc.: Compañía Tipográfica Yucateca.
3303:
3291:
3095:
675:
638:
605:
4523:(PhD). Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.
3071:
2627:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
2031:
of 20 November 1542 forbade the enslavement of natives (
1564:, sec. 2.1, 3, neither of which is used in this article.
4572:
3606:
Caravelle Cahiers du Monde Hispanique et Luso-Brésilien
2701:
3726:
Yearbook (Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers)
3723:
3557:
3065:
726:, was a first order administrative subdivision of the
5342:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
4970:. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1980.
4184:
2499:(eg turkeys, cotton, maize, squash, beans, peppers) (
2418:
2411:
2400:
1571:
have been given in scholarly literature (further see
1264:, set out the first constitution of Spanish Yucatán.
1121:
of 1680 reproduces the 2 November 1627 royal decree (
690:
681:
672:
650:
641:
626:
611:
602:
4740:
Poder político y jurídico en Yucatán en el siglo XVI
4021:(PhD). Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University.
635:
620:
4955:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.
4724:(PhD). Nottingham, Eng.: University of Nottingham.
4278:
4102:
4077:
2853:
2355:See, for instance, the October 1527 designation of
2146:
1828:granted their recipients the titles and offices of
1053:. Its creation was part of the, ultimately futile,
632:
617:
4788:
4786:
4454:Nairn, Alan E. M; Stehli, Francis G, eds. (1975).
4438:Historia de Yucatán durante la dominación española
4419:Historia de Yucatán durante la dominación española
4400:Historia de Yucatán durante la dominación española
4357:(PhD). Los Angeles, CA: University of California.
4302:(PhD). Dallas, TX: Southern Methodist University.
4239:(Report). Vol. 2. Madrid: Ivlian de Paredes.
3774:The Conquest and Colonization of Yucatan 1517–1550
3425:Historia y vestigios de la ciudadela de San Benito
3249:
2453:
2449:
2270:or royal ordinance of 17 November 1526 regulating
2070:for the maintenance of the Roman Catholic Church (
4985:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993.
4839:"El viaje de Yañez Pinzón y Díaz de Solís (1508)"
4818:Sharer, Robert J.; Traxler, Loa P., eds. (2006).
3840:
7400:
4736:
3961:
3936:
3911:
3886:
3841:Contreras Sánchez, Alicia del C. (1 July 1987).
3704:
3264:, pp. 183, 250, 255–256, 261, 278, 280–281.
2777:
2761:
2721:
2713:
2705:
2336:See, for instance, the October 1527 founding of
1682:
1662:
1639:
1623:
1192:Juan Rodríguez de Caraveo, Pedro Fernández, and
5886:
4191:Censo-Guía de Archivos de España e Iberoamérica
3829:
3511:
3486:
2821:
1931:, the provincial capital– est. 6 January 1542 (
1839:
1821:
1739:
4886:
4861:
3744:
2817:
2813:
2134:friar, had been resident in the pre-Columbian
1444:especially in dye woods, similarly developed.
962:was thereby granted the titles and offices of
886:. The first Spanish residents of Yucatán were
794:Location and extent of the Yucatán Peninsula (
16:1527–1821 administrative division of New Spain
7414:States and territories disestablished in 1821
5531:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
5012:
4926:
4911:
4836:
4817:
4737:Saucedo González, José I. (10 October 2014).
4319:(2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
4033:
3966:. Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado.
3745:Cerón Grajales, Russell (January–June 2014).
3624:
3177:
2929:
2909:
2897:
2833:
2781:
2757:
1843:
1759:
1743:
1735:
1678:
1658:
1631:
1619:
1576:
1381:assignment of conquered Mayan settlements in
111:
26:
5206:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
4515:
4434:
4415:
4396:
4369:
4338:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.
4185:Lázaro de la Escosura, Pilar (17 May 2004).
3587:(1st ed.). Merida: Ediciones Cordemex.
3422:
2237:
1556:orthography in this article follows that of
1196:Gregorio de San Martín, who accompanied the
902:, and thereafter impressed or enslaved by a
4684:The Political Geography of the Yucatan Maya
4516:Ordaz Tamayo, Marisol del C. (3 May 2004).
4507:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of May 2024 (
4453:
4170:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
3788:
3771:
3751:Revista de la Facultad de Derecho de México
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3297:
3285:
3273:
3261:
3237:
3225:
3213:
3201:
3189:
3173:
3161:
3149:
3137:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3089:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2981:
2969:
2957:
2941:
2925:
2913:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2737:
2533:
2517:
2500:
2495:, p. 330). These did not displace the
2492:
2478:
2461:
2429:
2407:
2396:
2372:
2343:
2324:
2307:
2282:
2250:
2229:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2113:
2102:
2091:
2078:
2077:appointment of a bishop within five years (
2071:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2024:
2007:
1993:
1954:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1901:
1884:
1792:
1218:Postclassic Mayan province of the same name
257:
7444:Spanish-speaking countries and territories
7409:States and territories established in 1527
5019:
5005:
4718:Rushton, Elizabeth A. C. (December 2014).
4698:
4545:
4263:Colaboraciones (sección historia política)
3810:
3667:(MA). Arlington, TX: University of Texas.
3077:
2620:
1677:(either to 1392–1416 AD or 1441–1461 AD) (
93:
7429:Captaincies General of the Spanish Empire
7325:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
4601:La colonización de los mayas peninsulares
3762:
3536:
7330:Colonial universities in the Philippines
4637:
4352:
4034:García Bernal, Manuela Cristina (2018).
3997:
3980:
3566:. Ayuntamiento de Mérida. Archived from
3564:Mérida : Un lugar lleno de historia
3054:León Pinelo & Solórzano Pereira 1681
2845:
2825:
2801:
2477:of 20 November 1542 forbade said trade (
1783:. It seems to have been destined to the
1731:
1536:
1172:
1103:, and nominally the northern areas of
1040:
856:
789:
6321:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
4983:Maya and Spaniard in Yucatan, 1648-1812
4912:Vazquez Barke, Gabriela (August 2012).
4757:
4717:
4644:Tzintzun Revista de Estudios Históricos
4621:Yucatán en el orden colonial, 1517–1811
4597:
4210:Lehmann, Christian (16 December 2018).
4209:
4058:
3705:Calderón Quijano, José Antonio (1944).
3650:(PhD). Hull, Eng.: University of Hull.
3645:
3449:
3331:, pp. 3–4, 20, 33, 47, 66, 99–100.
2785:
2503:, p. 330). See, for instance, the
2101:, including Jews, Moors and Lutherans (
1804:
1763:
1726:, master Pedro de Ledesma, sailed from
1595:
1575:). This article uses those provided by
1561:
1531:
7401:
7274:
4837:Torre Revello, José (1 October 1956).
4333:
4314:
4297:
4259:
4127:
4103:González Hernández, Cristina (2018b).
4078:González Hernández, Cristina (2018a).
4014:
4002:(PhD). Boston, MA: Boston University.
3764:10.22201/fder.24488933e.2014.261.60287
3662:
3599:
3393:
2849:
2829:
2797:
2578:
2417:16 October 1814 to 27 September 1821 (
1908:was not defeated until 13 March 1697 (
1755:
1702:
1654:
1627:
1599:
1573:Periodisation of the history of Belize
1036:
923:1519–1521 conquest of the Aztec Empire
802:The Yucatán Peninsula is a low-lying,
7273:
7169:
7168:
6292:
6170:
5885:
5744:
5712:
5649:
5586:
5501:
5424:
5364:
5278:
5267:
5039:
5038:
5000:
4795:. Mexico City: El Colegio de México.
4638:Reichert, Rafal (January–June 2017).
4480:
4370:Molina Solís, Juan Francisco (1896).
4168:The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom
4165:
4146:
3865:
2945:
2865:
2556:
2520:, p. 333). Regarding dye woods,
1909:
1800:
1699:Postclassic peninsular coasting trade
1651:Postclassic peninsular coasting trade
1453:were made legal tender in late 1542.
1150:
1134:
705:
5602:Captaincy General of the Philippines
5094:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
4937:from the original on 31 August 2023.
4922:from the original on 31 August 2023.
4899:from the original on 8 December 2022
4874:from the original on 7 December 2022
4681:
4662:
4456:The Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean
3924:from the original on 4 February 2023
2773:
2753:
2749:
2395:13 September 1543 to 23 April 1548 (
2234:Convento Provincial de San Francisco
2198:, pp. 317–318). Non-Franciscan
1635:
1460:
1307:, each administered by a designated
1206:eponymous Postclassic Mayan province
1073:. With the addition of the title of
868:
741:
7305:Indochristian painting in New Spain
5425:
4222:from the original on 31 August 2023
4197:from the original on 30 August 2021
4061:The Southeast Frontier of New Spain
3981:Fancourt, Charles St. John (1854).
3949:from the original on 24 August 2021
3899:from the original on 31 August 2023
3524:from the original on 8 October 2022
3452:Journal of Anthropological Research
2363:, pre-Columbian Mayan towns in the
1816:The same had first been granted to
1583:, and all others the Columbian era.
928:
424:• Declaration of independence
13:
6272:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
5745:
5026:
4943:
4893:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
4868:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
4109:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
4090:from the original on 24 March 2023
4084:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
4040:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
4015:Galvin, Peter R. (December 1991).
3686:TEMPUS Revista en Historia General
3518:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
3493:Diccionario Biográfico electrónico
3396:Journal of Archaeological Research
2543:
2232:, pp. 315–316). The convent,
2215:An assembly of the municipality's
1665:, p. 377). The city-state of
873:
14:
7455:
5502:
5365:
5246:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
4787:Semboloni Capitani, Lara (2014).
3646:Bolland, Orlando N. (June 1975).
3386:
2602:from the original on 26 July 2019
2406:7 July 1550 to 8 September 1563 (
1567:Various dates for periods of the
1220:, sometime during 1535 and 1537.
1143:the Spanish Crown established an
1005:
7439:History of the Yucatán Peninsula
7434:1617 establishments in New Spain
7357:Criollos in the colonial society
7285:Spanish missions in the Americas
6407:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
4953:Maya Society Under Colonial Rule
4927:Vazquez Barke, Gabriela (2016).
4895:. Real Academia de la Historia.
4870:. Real Academia de la Historia.
4573:Oxford University Press (2021).
4115:from the original on 30 May 2023
4111:. Real Academia de la Historia.
4086:. Real Academia de la Historia.
4046:from the original on 8 June 2023
4042:. Real Academia de la Historia.
3830:Conover Blancas, Carlos (2013).
3520:. Real Academia de la Historia.
3499:from the original on 16 May 2022
3495:. Real Academia de la Historia.
2562:Longman Pronunciation Dictionary
2158:Reputedly, at the initiative of
1465:
1320:settlements, administered by an
1185:begun in late September 1527 by
863:/ 1656 map by N Sanson / via LOC
746:
668:
598:
548:
534:
509:
133:
76:
60:
7384:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
5268:
3772:Chamberlain, Robert S. (1948).
3558:Ayuntamiento de Mérida (2007).
3489:"Diego de Velázquez de Cuellar"
2510:
2484:
2467:
2435:
2378:
2349:
2330:
2313:
2292:
2256:
2243:
2209:
2152:
2121:
2054:
2013:
1999:
1962:
1890:
1861:
1810:
1769:
1718:, master Gonzalo Ruíz, and the
1708:
1688:
1605:
1588:
1334:settlements, administered by a
1284:. Directly subordinate was the
918:Hernández de Córdoba expedition
5713:
5436:Captaincy General of Guatemala
5144:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
4887:Varela Marcos, Jesús (2018b).
4862:Varela Marcos, Jesús (2018a).
4435:Molina Solís, Juan F. (1913).
4416:Molina Solís, Juan F. (1910).
4397:Molina Solís, Juan F. (1904).
3512:Arranz Márquez, Luis (2018b).
3487:Arranz Márquez, Luis (2018a).
2778:Demarest, Rice & Rice 2004
2762:Demarest, Rice & Rice 2004
2670:
2655:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
2642:
2614:
2550:
2027:, pp. 249, 251–252). The
1803:, pp. 176–177, 180, 183,
1781:first Spanish governor of Cuba
1683:Demarest, Rice & Rice 2004
1669:succeeded Chichen Itza during
1663:Demarest, Rice & Rice 2004
1640:Demarest, Rice & Rice 2004
1624:Demarest, Rice & Rice 2004
1622:, pp. 559, 568, 591–592,
1543:
1392:slave trade in Mayan prisoners
1274:, advised and assisted by the
861:New Spain in mid 17th century
707:[pɾoˈβinsjaðeʝukaˈtan]
1:
7335:General Archive of the Indies
6596:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
6267:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
6252:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
5201:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
5154:War of the Spanish Succession
5119:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
4260:Levene, Ricardo, ed. (1938).
3708:Belice : 1663 (?) - 1821
2780:, pp. 531–533, 537–542;
2630:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
2287:INDIFERENTE,415,L.1,F.90V-98V
1871:, Miguel Ferrer master, (ii)
1856:INDIFERENTE,415,L.1,F.90V-98V
1852:INDIFERENTE,415,L.1,F.16V-18V
1762:, pp. 234–235, 237–239,
1626:, pp. 520–521, 561–562,
1312:or municipal-and-town council
1251:
6293:
5407:Captaincy General of Yucatan
5337:Union with Holy Roman Empire
5316:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
5231:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
4699:Rubio Mañé, José I. (1938).
4581:. Lexico.com. Archived from
3998:Finamore, Daniel R. (1994).
3663:Breuer, Kimberly H. (1993).
3164:, pp. 316–317, 321–322.
2764:, pp. 531–533, 537–542.
2702:Oxford University Press 2021
2442:Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco
2108:appointment of at least two
1848:Portal de Archivos Españoles
1428:authorisation to employ the
1397:partial tax breaks from the
1390:authorisation for a limited
1223:
982:in late June 1527, reaching
737:
7:
6171:
5887:Administrative subdivisions
5084:War of the League of Cognac
4353:McJunkin, David M. (1991).
3423:Alcalá Erosa, Raúl (1998).
3204:, pp. 20–21, 183, 301.
3066:Ayuntamiento de Mérida 2007
2944:, pp. 35–36, 234–236;
2386:Real Audiencia of Guatemala
2298:Though absolute power over
1558:Barrera Vásquez et al. 1980
1497:
1258:capitulaciones de conquista
1168:
935:Spanish conquest of Yucatán
839:or Postclassic Mayan states
779:
400:Latin American independence
10:
7460:
6601:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
6586:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
6488:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
5650:
5386:), Western United States (
5279:
5149:Portuguese Restoration War
4663:Rice, Prudence M. (2004).
4546:Orosa Díaz, Jaime (1999).
4128:Graham, Elizabeth (2011).
2591:Collins English Dictionary
2424:Furthermore, it exercised
2419:Lázaro de la Escosura 2004
2412:Lázaro de la Escosura 2004
2401:Lázaro de la Escosura 2004
2236:, was demolished in 1869 (
1818:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
1777:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
1697:was a port of call in the
1509:History of Central America
1434:for local missionary work.
1372:
1163:
932:
852:
818:to the northwest, and the
783:
7369:Slavery in Spanish Empire
7280:
7269:
7175:
7164:
7062:
6956:
6949:
6834:
6683:
6676:
6669:
6656:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
6566:
6435:
6397:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
6359:
6303:
6299:
6288:
6257:Barcelona Trading Company
6224:
6181:
6177:
6166:
6070:
6022:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
5992:
5934:
5896:
5892:
5881:
5832:
5791:
5755:
5751:
5740:
5719:
5656:
5597:
5529:Venezuela, part of Guyana
5508:
5431:
5382:, Central United States (
5371:
5285:
5274:
5263:
5114:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
5099:Expulsion of the Moriscos
5045:
5034:
4464:10.1007/978-1-4684-8535-6
4334:Marley, David F. (2010).
4315:Marley, David F. (2008).
4298:Marcus, Linda C. (1990).
4216:La lengua maya de Yucatán
3937:Curiosity Media (2021c).
3912:Curiosity Media (2021b).
3887:Curiosity Media (2021a).
3811:Clendinnen, Inga (2003).
3408:10.1007/s10814-007-9015-x
2782:Sharer & Traxler 2006
2758:Sharer & Traxler 2006
2564:(2nd ed.). Longman.
2432:, pp. 286, 292–307).
1917:San Francisco de Campeche
1681:, pp. 595–598, 603,
1679:Sharer & Traxler 2006
1659:Sharer & Traxler 2006
1634:, pp. 567–570, 579,
1632:Sharer & Traxler 2006
1620:Sharer & Traxler 2006
1577:Sharer & Traxler 2006
1456:
1212:began missionary work in
949:capitulación de conquista
564:
488:
484:
459:
447:
440:
436:
432:
422:
409:
405:
391:
379:
375:
371:
356:
341:
337:
327:
323:
308:
293:
289:
279:
248:
227:
220:
179:
110:
103:
92:
56:
51:
43:
23:
7310:Quito painting tradition
7300:Cusco painting tradition
6661:García López de Cárdenas
6651:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
6558:Felipe González de Ahedo
6478:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
5055:Conquest of the Americas
4598:Quezada, Sergio (2011).
4187:"Audiencia de Guatemala"
4166:Jones, Grant D. (1998).
4147:Jones, Grant D. (1989).
3792:Svensk Missionstidskrift
3639:10.1215/00141801-3688359
3600:Baudot, Georges (1986).
3551:10.1215/00141801-2854369
3464:10.1086/jar.40.4.3629799
3355:, pp. 3–4, 330–331.
3008:, pp. 244–245, 248.
2854:González Hernández 2018a
2302:matters rested with the
2147:González Hernández 2018b
1867:The ships were– (i) the
1351:Viceroyalty of New Spain
1343:Real Audiencia of Mexico
1139:In 1786, as part of the
1085:Viceroyalty of New Spain
829:
728:Viceroyalty of New Spain
7095:Comuneros (New Granada)
6872:Balearic Islands (1558)
6591:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
6518:Ruy López de Villalobos
6473:Miguel López de Legazpi
6387:García de Toledo Osorio
5251:Western Sahara conflict
5241:Independence of Morocco
5181:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
5124:Piracy in the Caribbean
5109:French Wars of Religion
4682:Roys, Ralph L. (1957).
4336:Pirates of the Americas
4059:Gerhard, Peter (1993).
3985:. London: John Murray.
3782:2027/mdp.39015014584406
3250:Semboloni Capitani 2014
2738:Nairn & Stehli 1975
2689:Oxford University Press
2454:Semboloni Capitani 2014
2450:Semboloni Capitani 2014
2262:In addition to Spanish
1921:– est. 4 October 1540 (
1569:Mesoamerican chronology
7340:Colonial Spanish Horse
7014:Colonia del Sacramento
6237:Spanish treasure fleet
5814:Royal Decree of Graces
4968:Yucatan: A World Apart
4889:"Vicente Yáñez Pinzón"
4497:(inactive 3 May 2024).
4495:10.1344/BA2019.78.1010
4036:"Francisco de Montejo"
2304:Roman Catholic pontiff
2060:Among these were the–
1875:, Ochoa master, (iii)
1549:Article-wide notices.
1475:This section is empty.
1181:
1046:
865:
799:
702:
258:
112:
27:
6498:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
6458:Juan Sebastián Elcano
5773:Council of the Indies
5134:Spanish–Moro conflict
5104:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
5064:Treaty of Tordesillas
4579:UK English Dictionary
4218:. Christian Lehmann.
4105:"Jerónimo de Aguilar"
3116:, pp. 41, 48–49.
2722:Curiosity Media 2021c
2714:Curiosity Media 2021b
2706:Curiosity Media 2021a
2685:UK English Dictionary
2456:, pp. 71–74). A
2399:, pp. 182, 285,
2051:, pp. 250, 252).
2035:, pp. 250–251).
1820:on 13 November 1518 (
1728:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
1537:Explanatory footnotes
1330:, and Spanish or non-
1282:Council of the Indies
1176:
1045:Intendancy of Yucatán
1044:
860:
793:
7295:Mesoamerican Codices
7019:Comuneros (Paraguay)
6857:Siege of Castelnuovo
6443:Christopher Columbus
6262:Consulate of the Sea
6242:Casa de Contratación
5833:Titles and positions
5226:Spanish–American War
5216:Liberal constitution
5059:Asia and the Pacific
4864:"Juan Díaz de Solís"
4483:Boletín americanista
2868:, pp. 181–182;
2832:, pp. 122–123;
2822:Arranz Márquez 2018b
2784:, pp. 567–570;
2497:Mesoamerican staples
2481:, pp. 280–281).
2446:viceroy of New Spain
2410:, pp. 306–307,
2037:Francisco de Montejo
1950:Salamanca de Bacalar
1945:, pp. 225–226),
1941:– est. 28 May 1543 (
1935:, pp. 211–214),
1898:Hernández de Córdoba
1840:Arranz Márquez 2018a
1822:Arranz Márquez 2018a
1807:, pp. 437–438).
1766:, pp. 436–437).
1758:, pp. 122–123,
1740:Arranz Márquez 2018b
1661:, pp. 582–583,
1657:, pp. 339–340,
1598:, pp. 589–590,
1532:Notes and references
1525:Caste War of Yucatán
1369:of Spanish Yucatán.
1277:Casa de Contratación
995:Salamanca de Bacalar
945:Francisco de Montejo
939:On 8 December 1526,
703:Provincia de Yucatán
544:First Mexican Empire
363:Juan María Echeverri
348:Francisco de Montejo
28:Provincia de Yucatán
7024:Cartagena de Indias
6646:Diego de Mazariegos
6616:Pere Fages i Beleta
6483:Sebastián de Ocampo
5964:Provincias Internas
5936:Captaincies General
5850:Municipal president
5819:School of Salamanca
5590:Spanish East Indies
5569:Misiones Orientales
5441:Spanish West Indies
5405:, Central America (
5352:Pyrénées-Orientales
5305:Union with Portugal
5196:Napoleonic invasion
5176:War of Jenkins' Ear
4760:Geographical Review
4548:Historia de Yucatán
3945:. SpanishDict.com.
3920:. SpanishDict.com.
3895:. SpanishDict.com.
3379:, p. 279, 334.
3276:, pp. 297–298.
3044:, pp. 249–251.
2996:, pp. 240–244.
2960:, pp. 237–240.
2836:, pp. 235–239.
2818:Varela Marcos 2018b
2814:Varela Marcos 2018a
2740:, pp. 257–258.
2560:(2000). "Yucatan".
2272:New World conquests
2192:provincial superior
2162:, custodian of the
2128:Jerónimo de Aguilar
1752:Cape Gracias a Dios
1614:was established by
1519:Republic of Yucatán
1180:in 2011 by Aubolio.
1178:Cathedral of Merida
1051:Audiencia of Mexico
1037:Seventeenth century
892:Jerónimo de Aguilar
884:Pinzón–Solís voyage
594:Province of Yucatán
386:Audiencia of Mexico
201: /
24:Province of Yucatán
7320:Academia Antártica
7275:Other civil topics
6641:Pánfilo de Narváez
6543:Sebastián Vizcaíno
6508:Andrés de Urdaneta
6468:Juan Ponce de León
6453:Ferdinand Magellan
6427:Bernardo de Gálvez
6326:Indian auxiliaries
5824:Trial of residence
5804:Laws of the Indies
5588:Asia and Oceania (
5449:Dominican Republic
4080:"Gonzalo Guerrero"
3560:"Datos de interés"
3514:"Pedro de Ledesma"
3178:García Bernal 2018
3176:, pp. 19–20;
3020:, p. 246–247.
2930:García Bernal 2018
2928:, pp. 31–35;
2910:García Bernal 2018
2898:García Bernal 2018
2848:, pp. 14–15;
2834:Torre Revello 1956
2532:to the peninsula (
2505:Columbian exchange
2339:Salamanca de Xelha
2310:, pp. 25–28).
2099:Christian heretics
2094:, pp. 22–23),
1906:Peten Itza kingdom
1887:, pp. 31–35).
1850:under call number
1844:García Bernal 2018
1824:, para. 38). Both
1799:of the Peninsula (
1760:Torre Revello 1956
1744:Torre Revello 1956
1742:, para. 5, 7, 12,
1736:Torre Revello 1956
1270:was vested in the
1268:Absolute authority
1244:), and members of
1182:
1151:Nineteenth century
1135:Eighteenth century
1069:, and neighboring
1047:
989:Salamanca de Xelha
941:Charles I of Spain
880:landing at Guanaja
866:
826:to the southeast.
800:
759:. You can help by
724:Kingdom of Yucatán
461: • Units
300:Antonio de Mendoza
7396:
7395:
7392:
7391:
7265:
7264:
7170:Spanish conquests
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7152:
7151:
7148:
7147:
6945:
6944:
6626:Pedro de Alvarado
6611:Gaspar de Portolà
6606:Pedro de Valdivia
6581:Francisco Pizarro
6533:Nicolás de Ovando
6528:Alonso de Ercilla
6503:Alonso de Salazar
6336:Ships of the line
6284:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6162:
6161:
6158:
6157:
5877:
5876:
5873:
5872:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5708:
5707:
5665:Northern Africa (
5661:Equatorial Guinea
5645:
5644:
5582:
5581:
5497:
5496:
5420:
5419:
5411:Spanish Caribbean
5384:Spanish Louisiana
5360:
5359:
5295:Crown of Castille
5259:
5258:
5236:Spanish Civil War
5211:Adams–Onís Treaty
5191:Nootka Convention
5139:Thirty Years' War
5129:Eighty Years' War
5050:Catholic Monarchs
5040:Timeline–immersed
4981:Patch, Robert W.
4950:Farriss, Nancy M.
4843:Historia Mexicana
4473:978-1-4684-8537-0
3868:Caribbean Studies
3847:Historia Mexicana
3240:, pp. 69–70.
3216:, pp. 21–22.
3192:, pp. 22–25.
3092:, pp. 19–30.
3056:, lib. 5, tit. 1.
2916:, pp. 20–21.
2884:, pp. 13–15.
2872:, pp. 11–12.
2658:. Merriam-Webster
2388:, established by
2238:Ordaz Tamayo 2004
2160:Jacobo de Testera
1730:on 29 June 1508 (
1581:pre-Columbian era
1514:History of Mexico
1504:History of Belize
1495:
1494:
1345:, established by
1305:or municipalities
1272:Spanish sovereign
1230:Franciscan friars
869:Sixteenth century
786:Yucatán Peninsula
777:
776:
732:Yucatán Peninsula
712:Captaincy General
590:
589:
560:
559:
556:
555:
522:
521:
517:Maya civilization
449: • Type
428:15 September 1821
343:• 1527–1540
295:• 1535–1550
234:Absolute monarchy
229: • Type
205:20.967°N 89.617°W
171:
7451:
7271:
7270:
7237:Chibchan Nations
7166:
7165:
7135:Santiago de Cuba
6994:Guadalupe Island
6954:
6953:
6681:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6636:Diego de Almagro
6513:Antonio de Ulloa
6417:Ambrosio Spinola
6412:Pedro de Zubiaur
6382:Alfonso d'Avalos
6372:Antonio de Leyva
6316:Army of Flanders
6301:
6300:
6290:
6289:
6179:
6178:
6168:
6167:
5894:
5893:
5883:
5882:
5753:
5752:
5742:
5741:
5710:
5709:
5683:Peñón of Algiers
5647:
5646:
5584:
5583:
5499:
5498:
5422:
5421:
5404:
5362:
5361:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5264:
5186:Seven Years' War
5159:Queen Anne's War
5036:
5035:
5021:
5014:
5007:
4998:
4997:
4938:
4923:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4883:
4881:
4879:
4858:
4833:
4820:The ancient Maya
4814:
4794:
4783:
4754:
4733:
4714:
4695:
4678:
4659:
4634:
4615:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4569:
4542:
4512:
4506:
4498:
4477:
4450:
4431:
4412:
4393:
4366:
4349:
4330:
4311:
4294:
4275:
4256:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4181:
4162:
4143:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4074:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4030:
4011:
3994:
3977:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3883:
3862:
3837:
3826:
3807:
3785:
3768:
3766:
3757:(261): 219–242.
3741:
3720:
3701:
3676:
3659:
3642:
3621:
3596:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3554:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3483:
3446:
3419:
3380:
3377:Chamberlain 1948
3374:
3368:
3365:Chamberlain 1948
3362:
3356:
3353:Chamberlain 1948
3350:
3344:
3341:Chamberlain 1948
3338:
3332:
3329:Chamberlain 1948
3326:
3320:
3317:Chamberlain 1948
3314:
3301:
3298:Chamberlain 1948
3295:
3289:
3288:, p. 22–23.
3286:Chamberlain 1948
3283:
3277:
3274:Chamberlain 1948
3271:
3265:
3262:Chamberlain 1948
3259:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3238:Chamberlain 1948
3235:
3229:
3226:Chamberlain 1948
3223:
3217:
3214:Chamberlain 1948
3211:
3205:
3202:Chamberlain 1948
3199:
3193:
3190:Chamberlain 1948
3187:
3181:
3174:Chamberlain 1948
3171:
3165:
3162:Chamberlain 1948
3159:
3153:
3150:Chamberlain 1948
3147:
3141:
3138:Chamberlain 1948
3135:
3129:
3126:Chamberlain 1948
3123:
3117:
3114:Chamberlain 1948
3111:
3105:
3102:Chamberlain 1948
3099:
3093:
3090:Chamberlain 1948
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3042:Chamberlain 1948
3039:
3033:
3030:Chamberlain 1948
3027:
3021:
3018:Chamberlain 1948
3015:
3009:
3006:Chamberlain 1948
3003:
2997:
2994:Chamberlain 1948
2991:
2985:
2982:Chamberlain 1948
2979:
2973:
2970:Chamberlain 1948
2967:
2961:
2958:Chamberlain 1948
2955:
2949:
2942:Chamberlain 1948
2939:
2933:
2926:Chamberlain 1948
2923:
2917:
2914:Chamberlain 1948
2907:
2901:
2894:Chamberlain 1948
2891:
2885:
2882:Chamberlain 1948
2879:
2873:
2870:Chamberlain 1948
2863:
2857:
2852:, pp. 125;
2843:
2837:
2811:
2805:
2795:
2789:
2771:
2765:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2554:
2537:
2534:Chamberlain 1948
2518:Chamberlain 1948
2514:
2508:
2501:Chamberlain 1948
2493:Chamberlain 1948
2488:
2482:
2479:Chamberlain 1948
2471:
2465:
2462:Chamberlain 1948
2439:
2433:
2430:Chamberlain 1948
2408:Chamberlain 1948
2397:Chamberlain 1948
2382:
2376:
2373:Chamberlain 1948
2353:
2347:
2344:Chamberlain 1948
2334:
2328:
2325:Chamberlain 1948
2321:oficiales reales
2317:
2311:
2308:Chamberlain 1948
2296:
2290:
2283:Chamberlain 1948
2260:
2254:
2251:Chamberlain 1948
2247:
2241:
2230:Chamberlain 1948
2213:
2207:
2204:Chamberlain 1948
2196:Chamberlain 1948
2188:Chamberlain 1948
2180:Chamberlain 1948
2176:Chamberlain 1948
2172:Chamberlain 1948
2164:Franciscan Order
2156:
2150:
2125:
2119:
2114:Chamberlain 1948
2103:Chamberlain 1948
2092:Chamberlain 1948
2079:Chamberlain 1948
2072:Chamberlain 1948
2058:
2052:
2049:Chamberlain 1948
2045:Chamberlain 1948
2033:Chamberlain 1948
2025:Chamberlain 1948
2017:
2011:
2008:Chamberlain 1948
2003:
1997:
1994:Chamberlain 1948
1966:
1960:
1955:Chamberlain 1948
1943:Chamberlain 1948
1933:Chamberlain 1948
1923:Chamberlain 1948
1902:Chamberlain 1948
1894:
1888:
1885:Chamberlain 1948
1865:
1859:
1834:, governor, and
1814:
1808:
1793:Chamberlain 1948
1773:
1767:
1712:
1706:
1692:
1686:
1609:
1603:
1592:
1586:
1547:
1490:
1487:
1477:You can help by
1469:
1461:
1242:Mayan polytheism
1116:Recopilación de
929:Spanish conquest
888:Gonzalo Guerrero
864:
772:
769:
750:
742:
709:
693:
688:
687:
684:
683:
680:
677:
674:
667:
657:
653:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
629:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
552:
551:
538:
537:
530:British Honduras
526:
525:
513:
512:
506:
505:
490:
489:
462:
450:
413:Spanish conquest
411:• Start of
396:Spanish conquest
367:
352:
319:
304:
275:
274:‘Further Beyond’
271:
263:
254:
230:
216:
215:
213:
212:
211:
206:
202:
199:
198:
197:
194:
173:
172:
129:
125:
117:
97:
80:
64:
38:
30:
21:
20:
7459:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7449:
7448:
7424:Colonial Mexico
7399:
7398:
7397:
7388:
7364:Old inquisition
7276:
7261:
7171:
7144:
7100:Trinidad (1797)
7070:La Noche Triste
7058:
7054:San Juan (1797)
7004:San Juan (1595)
6941:
6830:
6670:Notable battles
6665:
6631:Martín de Ursúa
6562:
6493:Alonso de Ojeda
6463:Juan de la Cosa
6448:Pinzón brothers
6431:
6402:John of Austria
6377:Martín de Goiti
6355:
6295:
6276:
6220:
6173:
6154:
6066:
6062:Terra Australis
6057:Río de la Plata
6002:Castilla de Oro
5988:
5930:
5926:Río de la Plata
5888:
5869:
5828:
5787:
5783:Santa Hermandad
5747:
5728:
5724:Terra Australis
5715:
5704:
5671:Spanish Morocco
5652:
5641:
5632:Northern Taiwan
5593:
5578:
5549:Río de la Plata
5504:
5493:
5427:
5426:Central America
5416:
5398:
5367:
5356:
5300:Crown of Aragon
5281:
5270:
5255:
5171:Bourbon Reforms
5041:
5030:
5025:
4946:
4944:Further reading
4941:
4902:
4900:
4877:
4875:
4830:
4803:
4751:
4675:
4631:
4612:
4588:
4586:
4558:
4539:
4500:
4499:
4474:
4346:
4327:
4291:
4225:
4223:
4200:
4198:
4178:
4159:
4140:
4118:
4116:
4093:
4091:
4071:
4049:
4047:
3974:
3952:
3950:
3927:
3925:
3902:
3900:
3823:
3573:
3571:
3570:on 16 July 2011
3527:
3525:
3502:
3500:
3435:
3389:
3384:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3363:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3315:
3304:
3296:
3292:
3284:
3280:
3272:
3268:
3260:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3212:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3172:
3168:
3160:
3156:
3148:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3084:
3078:Orosa Díaz 1999
3076:
3072:
3064:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3004:
3000:
2992:
2988:
2980:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2940:
2936:
2924:
2920:
2908:
2904:
2892:
2888:
2880:
2876:
2864:
2860:
2844:
2840:
2824:, para. 12–20;
2820:, para. 33–41;
2812:
2808:
2800:, p. 122;
2796:
2792:
2772:
2768:
2760:, p. 569;
2748:
2744:
2736:
2732:
2700:
2696:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2661:
2659:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2619:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2584:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2544:Short citations
2541:
2540:
2536:, p. 332).
2515:
2511:
2489:
2485:
2472:
2468:
2464:, p. 285).
2440:
2436:
2383:
2379:
2354:
2350:
2335:
2331:
2318:
2314:
2297:
2293:
2261:
2257:
2253:, p. 321).
2248:
2244:
2214:
2210:
2206:, p. 319).
2157:
2153:
2126:
2122:
2059:
2055:
2018:
2014:
2010:, p. 241).
2004:
2000:
1996:, p. 240).
1967:
1963:
1957:, p. 234).
1925:, p. 201),
1895:
1891:
1866:
1862:
1836:captain general
1815:
1811:
1774:
1770:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1689:
1685:, p. 375).
1610:
1606:
1602:, pp. 29).
1593:
1589:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1470:
1459:
1407:, and salt tax,
1375:
1326:and a resident
1292:captain general
1254:
1240:or priests (of
1226:
1216:, capital of a
1194:Carmelite friar
1171:
1166:
1153:
1141:Bourbon Reforms
1137:
1118:Leyes de Indias
1075:captain general
1039:
1008:
1000:Waymil Province
970:captain general
937:
931:
898:, southwest of
876:
874:Before conquest
871:
862:
855:
832:
820:Bay of Honduras
812:Bay of Campeche
788:
782:
773:
767:
764:
757:needs expansion
751:
740:
691:
671:
662:
661:
655:
651:
631:
601:
597:
586:
549:
535:
510:
480:
460:
448:
425:
415:
365:
359:
350:
344:
317:
311:
302:
296:
273:
272:
265:
249:
228:
210:20.967; -89.617
209:
207:
203:
200:
195:
192:
190:
188:
187:
186:
175:
174:
134:
130:
127:
126:
119:
98:
88:
87:
86:
81:
73:
72:
69:
65:
39:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7457:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7431:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7394:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7366:
7361:
7360:
7359:
7349:
7348:
7347:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7267:
7266:
7263:
7262:
7260:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7202:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7180:Canary Islands
7176:
7173:
7172:
7162:
7161:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7149:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7059:
7057:
7056:
7051:
7046:
7041:
7036:
7034:Túpac Amaru II
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6979:Bogotá savanna
6976:
6971:
6966:
6960:
6958:
6951:
6947:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6887:Spanish Armada
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6838:
6836:
6832:
6831:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6781:White Mountain
6778:
6776:Cape Celidonia
6773:
6771:English Armada
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6678:
6671:
6667:
6666:
6664:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6572:
6570:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6548:Juan Fernández
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6523:Diego Columbus
6520:
6515:
6510:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6445:
6439:
6437:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6419:
6414:
6409:
6404:
6399:
6394:
6389:
6384:
6379:
6374:
6369:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6351:Army of Africa
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6331:Spanish Armada
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6305:
6297:
6296:
6286:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6278:
6277:
6275:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6234:
6232:Manila galleon
6228:
6226:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6187:
6185:
6175:
6174:
6164:
6163:
6160:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6153:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6076:
6074:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6024:
6019:
6014:
6009:
6004:
5998:
5996:
5990:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5940:
5938:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5902:
5900:
5890:
5889:
5879:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5868:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5836:
5834:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5757:
5749:
5748:
5746:Administration
5738:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5667:Western Sahara
5663:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5629:
5598:
5595:
5594:
5580:
5579:
5577:
5576:
5565:Banda Oriental
5546:
5532:
5509:
5506:
5505:
5495:
5494:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5438:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5418:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5380:Coastal Alaska
5372:
5369:
5368:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5314:
5313:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5261:
5260:
5257:
5256:
5254:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5052:
5046:
5043:
5042:
5032:
5031:
5028:Spanish Empire
5024:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4979:
4964:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:
4924:
4909:
4884:
4859:
4849:(2): 233–246.
4834:
4828:
4815:
4801:
4784:
4772:10.2307/207701
4766:(5): 436–448.
4755:
4749:
4734:
4715:
4696:
4679:
4673:
4660:
4635:
4629:
4616:
4610:
4595:
4585:on 6 July 2022
4570:
4556:
4543:
4537:
4513:
4478:
4472:
4451:
4432:
4413:
4394:
4367:
4350:
4344:
4331:
4325:
4312:
4295:
4289:
4276:
4257:
4232:
4207:
4182:
4176:
4163:
4157:
4144:
4138:
4125:
4100:
4075:
4069:
4056:
4031:
4012:
3995:
3978:
3972:
3959:
3934:
3909:
3884:
3863:
3838:
3827:
3821:
3808:
3798:(2): 215–248.
3786:
3769:
3742:
3721:
3702:
3677:
3660:
3643:
3622:
3597:
3580:
3555:
3545:(2): 333–360.
3534:
3509:
3484:
3458:(4): 589–596.
3447:
3433:
3420:
3402:(4): 329–377.
3390:
3388:
3387:Full citations
3385:
3382:
3381:
3369:
3367:, p. 332.
3357:
3345:
3333:
3321:
3302:
3290:
3278:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3228:, p. 238.
3218:
3206:
3194:
3182:
3166:
3154:
3152:, p. 321.
3142:
3140:, p. 315.
3130:
3128:, p. 311.
3118:
3106:
3094:
3082:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3034:
3032:, p. 249.
3022:
3010:
2998:
2986:
2984:, p. 241.
2974:
2972:, p. 240.
2962:
2950:
2934:
2918:
2902:
2896:, p. 19;
2886:
2874:
2858:
2838:
2828:, p. 14;
2816:, para. 8–16;
2806:
2790:
2788:, p. 589.
2766:
2756:, p. 24;
2742:
2730:
2724:, sec. titled
2716:, sec. titled
2708:, sec. titled
2694:
2669:
2641:
2613:
2577:
2570:
2558:Wells, John C.
2548:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2509:
2483:
2466:
2444:was appointed
2434:
2423:
2422:
2415:
2404:
2377:
2348:
2329:
2327:, p. 21).
2312:
2291:
2268:real provisión
2266:, including a
2255:
2242:
2240:, p. 61).
2208:
2200:regular clergy
2184:Diego de Landa
2151:
2145:of Xaman Ha' (
2120:
2118:
2117:
2116:, p. 23).
2110:secular clergy
2106:
2105:, p. 22),
2095:
2082:
2081:, p. 21),
2075:
2074:, p. 21),
2063:imposition of
2053:
2012:
1998:
1990:Chik'in Che'el
1961:
1959:
1958:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1889:
1860:
1826:capitulaciones
1809:
1798:
1768:
1734:, p. 14,
1725:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:, p. 22).
1687:
1604:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1565:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:September 2021
1473:
1471:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1436:
1435:
1426:
1423:
1410:grants of two
1408:
1395:
1388:
1374:
1371:
1367:alguacil mayor
1297:alguacil mayor
1253:
1250:
1236:At least some
1225:
1222:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1158:Mexican Empire
1152:
1149:
1136:
1133:
1038:
1035:
1007:
1006:After conquest
1004:
975:alguacil mayor
953:letters patent
933:Main article:
930:
927:
875:
872:
870:
867:
854:
851:
831:
828:
816:Gulf of Mexico
784:Main article:
781:
778:
775:
774:
768:September 2021
754:
752:
745:
739:
736:
588:
587:
585:
584:
579:
574:
568:
566:
562:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
546:
540:
539:
532:
523:
520:
519:
514:
502:
501:
496:
486:
485:
482:
481:
479:
478:
475:
472:
469:
465:
463:
457:
456:
451:
445:
444:
442:
438:
437:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
418:September 1527
416:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
393:
392:Historical era
389:
388:
383:
377:
376:
373:
372:
369:
368:
360:
357:
354:
353:
345:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
331:
325:
324:
321:
320:
312:
309:
306:
305:
297:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
283:
277:
276:
255:
246:
245:
231:
225:
224:
222:
218:
217:
181:
177:
176:
132:
131:
108:
107:
101:
100:
90:
89:
82:
75:
74:
66:
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
49:
48:
41:
40:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7456:
7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7358:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7350:
7346:
7343:
7342:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7315:Tapada limeña
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7279:
7272:
7268:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7198:
7197:
7196:
7193:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7177:
7174:
7167:
7163:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6948:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6907:Montes Claros
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6847:Vienna (1529)
6845:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6833:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6679:
6675:
6672:
6668:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6576:Hernán Cortés
6574:
6573:
6571:
6569:
6568:Conquistadors
6565:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6538:Juan de Ayala
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6434:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6392:Duke of Savoy
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6302:
6298:
6291:
6287:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6223:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6191:Dollar (Peso)
6189:
6188:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6169:
6165:
6151:
6150:Santo Domingo
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6075:
6073:
6069:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6027:New Andalusia
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5995:
5991:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5974:Santo Domingo
5972:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5962:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5939:
5937:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5903:
5901:
5899:
5898:Viceroyalties
5895:
5891:
5884:
5880:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5743:
5739:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5711:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5655:
5648:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5596:
5591:
5585:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5514:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5503:South America
5500:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5430:
5423:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5388:Spanish Texas
5385:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5370:
5366:North America
5363:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5347:Franche-Comté
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5277:
5273:
5266:
5262:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5037:
5033:
5029:
5022:
5017:
5015:
5010:
5008:
5003:
5002:
4999:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4977:
4973:
4969:
4965:
4962:
4961:9780691101583
4958:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4947:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4916:
4910:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4885:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4835:
4831:
4825:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4802:9786074626674
4798:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4750:9786070255298
4746:
4742:
4741:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4680:
4676:
4670:
4666:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4630:9786079405014
4626:
4622:
4617:
4613:
4611:9786077824275
4607:
4603:
4602:
4596:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4571:
4567:
4563:
4559:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4521:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4421:
4420:
4414:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4347:
4345:9781598842012
4341:
4337:
4332:
4328:
4326:9781598841008
4322:
4318:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4286:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4208:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4145:
4141:
4139:9780813036663
4135:
4131:
4126:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4101:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3975:
3969:
3965:
3960:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3885:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3809:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3535:
3523:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3426:
3421:
3417:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3391:
3378:
3373:
3366:
3361:
3354:
3349:
3342:
3337:
3330:
3325:
3319:, p. 21.
3318:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3300:, p. 22.
3299:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3270:
3263:
3258:
3252:, p. 47.
3251:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3210:
3203:
3198:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3175:
3170:
3163:
3158:
3151:
3146:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3122:
3115:
3110:
3104:, p. 33.
3103:
3098:
3091:
3086:
3080:, p. ??.
3079:
3074:
3067:
3062:
3055:
3050:
3043:
3038:
3031:
3026:
3019:
3014:
3007:
3002:
2995:
2990:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2966:
2959:
2954:
2948:, p. 43.
2947:
2943:
2938:
2931:
2927:
2922:
2915:
2911:
2906:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2846:Reichert 2017
2842:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:Reichert 2017
2823:
2819:
2815:
2810:
2804:, p. 13.
2803:
2802:Reichert 2017
2799:
2794:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:, p. 3;
2775:
2770:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2752:, p. 3;
2751:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2698:
2690:
2686:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2601:
2597:
2596:HarperCollins
2593:
2592:
2587:
2581:
2573:
2571:0-582-36467-1
2567:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2549:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2375:, p. 39.
2374:
2370:
2366:
2365:Ekab Province
2362:
2358:
2352:
2346:, p. 36.
2345:
2341:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2316:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2279:
2278:Requerimiento
2273:
2269:
2265:
2259:
2252:
2246:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2149:, para. 2–4).
2148:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2136:Ekab Province
2133:
2129:
2124:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2087:Requerimiento
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1956:
1953:– est. 1544 (
1952:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1881:Santo Domingo
1878:
1874:
1870:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:Reichert 2017
1729:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1671:k'atun 8 ahaw
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1646:
1641:
1638:, p. 3,
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1554:Yucatec Mayan
1551:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1489:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1448:Mayan cotton
1445:
1442:
1441:
1440:Conquistadors
1433:
1432:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1406:
1405:almojarifazgo
1402:
1401:
1396:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1201:
1195:
1191:
1188:
1179:
1175:
1161:
1159:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
990:
985:
981:
977:
976:
971:
967:
966:
961:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
936:
926:
924:
919:
914:
912:
911:Ekab Province
908:
906:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
859:
850:
848:
844:
840:
838:
837:kuchkabalo'ob
827:
825:
824:Caribbean Sea
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
797:
792:
787:
771:
762:
758:
755:This section
753:
749:
744:
743:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
708:
704:
700:
696:
695:
686:
665:
659:
658:
646:
595:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
569:
567:
565:Today part of
563:
547:
545:
542:
541:
533:
531:
528:
527:
524:
518:
515:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
483:
476:
473:
470:
467:
466:
464:
458:
455:
452:
446:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
421:
417:
414:
408:
404:
401:
397:
394:
390:
387:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
364:
361:
355:
349:
346:
340:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
316:
315:Juan O'Donojú
313:
307:
301:
298:
292:
288:
284:
282:
278:
269:
262:
261:
256:
253:
250: •
247:
243:
239:
235:
232:
226:
223:
219:
214:
185:
182:
178:
128:‘Royal March’
123:
116:
115:
109:
106:
102:
96:
91:
85:
79:
71:
63:
55:
50:
47:
42:
36:
29:
22:
19:
7290:Architecture
7185:The Americas
7049:Newfoundland
7039:Túpac Katari
7029:Cuerno Verde
6964:Tenochtitlan
6796:Valenciennes
6553:Luis Fajardo
6422:Blas de Lezo
6367:Duke of Alba
6247:Spanish Road
6085:Buenos Aires
5994:Governorates
5983:
5763:Ayuntamiento
5756:Organization
5221:Carlist Wars
5069:Italian Wars
4982:
4967:
4952:
4929:
4914:
4901:. Retrieved
4892:
4876:. Retrieved
4867:
4846:
4842:
4819:
4811:j.ctt15hvw3p
4790:
4763:
4759:
4739:
4720:
4701:
4683:
4664:
4647:
4643:
4620:
4600:
4587:. Retrieved
4583:the original
4578:
4547:
4520:restauración
4518:
4503:cite journal
4486:
4482:
4455:
4437:
4418:
4399:
4372:
4354:
4335:
4316:
4299:
4262:
4224:. Retrieved
4215:
4212:"Ortografía"
4199:. Retrieved
4190:
4167:
4148:
4129:
4117:. Retrieved
4108:
4092:. Retrieved
4083:
4060:
4048:. Retrieved
4039:
4017:
3999:
3982:
3963:
3951:. Retrieved
3942:
3926:. Retrieved
3917:
3901:. Retrieved
3892:
3874:(1): 53–62.
3871:
3867:
3853:(1): 49–74.
3850:
3846:
3832:
3812:
3795:
3791:
3773:
3754:
3750:
3729:
3725:
3707:
3689:
3685:
3664:
3647:
3633:(1): 41–63.
3630:
3627:Ethnohistory
3626:
3609:
3605:
3584:
3572:. Retrieved
3568:the original
3563:
3542:
3539:Ethnohistory
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3517:
3501:. Retrieved
3492:
3455:
3451:
3424:
3399:
3395:
3372:
3360:
3348:
3336:
3324:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3197:
3185:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3001:
2989:
2977:
2965:
2953:
2937:
2921:
2912:, para. 13;
2905:
2889:
2877:
2861:
2856:, para. 4–5.
2841:
2809:
2793:
2786:Andrews 1984
2769:
2745:
2733:
2725:
2717:
2709:
2697:
2681:
2672:
2660:. Retrieved
2653:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2589:
2580:
2561:
2552:
2522:conquistador
2521:
2512:
2486:
2469:
2457:
2437:
2425:
2389:
2380:
2368:
2351:
2338:
2332:
2320:
2315:
2299:
2294:
2277:
2267:
2258:
2245:
2233:
2225:encomenderos
2224:
2217:
2211:
2154:
2140:
2123:
2085:
2065:
2056:
2040:
2020:
2015:
2001:
1964:
1949:
1916:
1900:expedition (
1892:
1876:
1872:
1869:San Jerónimo
1868:
1863:
1842:, para. 38,
1838:of Yucatán (
1829:
1825:
1812:
1805:Saville 1918
1771:
1764:Saville 1918
1748:Cape Catoche
1710:
1690:
1674:
1670:
1644:
1612:Chichen Itza
1607:
1596:Andrews 1984
1590:
1562:Lehmann 2018
1545:
1483:
1479:adding to it
1474:
1449:
1446:
1439:
1437:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1404:
1398:
1383:
1376:
1366:
1363:adelantado's
1362:
1358:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1296:
1290:, governor,
1285:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1255:
1245:
1237:
1235:
1227:
1214:Chak'anputun
1202:of 1527–1528
1199:
1183:
1154:
1138:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1093:Quintana Roo
1080:corregidores
1078:
1048:
1029:encomenderos
1028:
1009:
994:
988:
974:
968:, governor,
963:
960:conquistador
948:
938:
915:
904:
877:
843:Chichen Itza
836:
833:
801:
795:
765:
761:adding to it
756:
723:
719:
715:
711:
593:
591:
499:Succeeded by
498:
493:
454:Municipality
441:Subdivisions
358:• 1821
310:• 1821
84:Coat of arms
44:Province of
18:
7257:Philippines
7222:El Salvador
6842:Capo d'Orso
6726:St. Quentin
6701:Rome (1527)
6360:Strategists
6110:Guadalajara
6037:New Navarre
6032:New Castile
6017:La Luisiana
5969:Puerto Rico
5959:Philippines
5916:New Granada
5606:Philippines
5567:(Uruguay),
5563:(Bolivia),
5513:New Granada
5453:Puerto Rico
5399: [
5269:Territories
5089:Encomiendas
4489:: 175–195.
3943:SpanishDict
3918:SpanishDict
3893:SpanishDict
3889:"Provincia"
3692:: 137–160.
3180:, para. 13.
2932:, para. 15.
2900:, para. 13.
2850:Graham 2011
2830:Graham 2011
2798:Graham 2011
2704:, para. 1;
2526:logwood dye
2458:real cédula
2390:real cédula
2186:) in 1549 (
1919:or Campeche
1789:Bay Islands
1756:Graham 2011
1750:or east to
1703:Graham 2011
1655:Aimers 2007
1647:or Kukulkan
1628:Aimers 2007
1600:Graham 2011
1413:caballerías
1400:quinto real
1384:encomiendas
1359:adelantado'
1347:real cédula
1323:encomendero
1246:ch'ibalo'ob
1210:Franciscans
1124:real cédula
1063:Puerto Rico
716:Governorate
494:Preceded by
381:Legislature
208: /
114:Marcha Real
70:(1785–1821)
7403:Categories
6927:Somosierra
6917:Manila Bay
6791:Nördlingen
6731:Gravelines
6211:Columnario
6183:Currencies
6100:Concepción
6072:Audiencias
6047:New Toledo
6012:La Florida
5845:Corregidor
5809:Papal bull
5714:Antarctica
5622:Micronesia
5079:Golden Age
4991:0804720622
4976:0817300252
4829:0804748160
4730:1064648060
4674:0292702612
4557:9686160000
4538:8468881554
4529:2117/93427
4447:1181268171
4409:1181744392
4290:3704501387
4177:0804733171
4158:082631161X
4070:0806125438
3973:0870817396
3822:0521820316
3434:968691806X
3068:, para. 9.
2946:Jones 1989
2866:Ojeda 2019
2530:indigo dye
2421:, sec. 3).
2414:, sec. 3),
2403:, sec. 3),
2369:encomienda
2132:Franciscan
2041:adelantado
1939:Valladolid
1910:Jones 1998
1877:La Gavarra
1831:adelantado
1801:Ojeda 2019
1724:San Benito
1675:k'atuno'ob
1649:, and the
1645:K'uk'ulkan
1332:encomienda
1317:encomienda
1303:municipios
1287:adelantado
1252:Government
1238:chilamo'ob
1145:Intendancy
1020:Valladolid
965:adelantado
957:Salamancan
896:Pedro Bank
720:Intendancy
710:), or the
477:Valladolid
260:Plus ultra
242:oligarchic
238:theocratic
221:Government
7419:New Spain
7232:Nicaragua
7210:Guatemala
7120:Pichincha
7105:Chacabuco
7044:Pensacola
6989:Mataquito
6969:Cajamarca
6950:New World
6922:Trafalgar
6826:Alhucemas
6706:Landriano
6691:Comuneros
6677:Old World
6621:Joan Orpí
6341:Royalists
6115:Guatemala
6042:New Spain
5979:Venezuela
5954:Guatemala
5911:New Spain
5906:Columbian
5799:Exequatur
5699:Cape Juby
5553:Argentina
5376:New Spain
5310:Gibraltar
5074:Habsburgs
4855:0185-0172
4711:970564941
4656:1870-719X
4589:23 August
4575:"Yucatán"
4428:835497317
4390:23361775M
4272:252893403
4245:367528936
4201:29 August
4119:31 August
4050:10 August
4027:753888354
3953:23 August
3939:"Yucatán"
3928:23 August
3903:23 August
3859:2448-6531
3804:0346-217X
3732:: 77–85.
3698:2422-2178
3656:500387462
3618:2272-9828
3612:: 21–33.
3503:26 August
3480:163743879
3416:145053177
2774:Roys 1957
2754:Rice 2004
2750:Roys 1957
2678:"Yucatán"
2650:"Yucatán"
2622:"Yucatán"
2586:"Yucatán"
2371:towns in
2300:spiritual
2264:civil law
2220:or mayors
2218:batabo'ob
2168:New Spain
2068:or tithes
1797:discovery
1720:Isabelita
1716:Magdalena
1636:Roys 1957
1224:Education
1071:Guatemala
1059:Caribbean
738:Geography
577:Guatemala
52:1527–1821
46:New Spain
7242:Colombia
7227:Honduras
7140:Asomante
7125:Ayacucho
7115:Carabobo
7090:Curalaba
6867:Ceresole
6761:Gembloux
6721:Mühlberg
6436:Mariners
6294:Military
6216:Doubloon
6201:Maravedí
6145:Santiago
6052:Paraguay
5778:Germania
5618:Caroline
5573:Malvinas
5557:Paraguay
5517:Colombia
5459:Trinidad
5326:Sardinia
5166:Bourbons
4935:Archived
4920:Archived
4903:3 August
4897:Archived
4878:3 August
4872:Archived
4650:: 9–40.
4566:48366615
4363:24057056
4308:24080926
4253:6757246M
4226:5 August
4220:Archived
4195:Archived
4113:Archived
4094:3 August
4088:Archived
4044:Archived
4008:35313422
3991:6914420M
3947:Archived
3922:Archived
3897:Archived
3880:25612108
3738:25765830
3673:35313362
3574:11 April
3528:3 August
3522:Archived
3497:Archived
3443:47915779
2600:Archived
2475:New Laws
2426:de facto
2276:Spanish
2143:or mayor
2029:New Laws
1986:Chetumal
1970:Koch Wah
1968:Namely,
1873:Nicolasa
1498:See also
1416:and two
1355:New Laws
1280:and the
1198:Montejo
1169:Religion
1129:Philip V
1089:Campeche
1055:Habsburg
943:granted
907:or mayor
804:tropical
796:in green
780:Physical
471:Campeche
329:Governor
244:features
7374:Asiento
7345:Mustang
7205:Yucatán
7200:Chiapas
7080:Tucapel
6912:Passaro
6862:Algiers
6852:Preveza
6821:Tetouan
6816:Vitoria
6806:Bitonto
6746:Antwerp
6741:Lepanto
6696:Bicocca
6172:Economy
6095:Charcas
6090:Caracas
5984:Yucatán
5855:Regidor
5840:Alcalde
5768:Cabildo
5675:Tripoli
5614:Mariana
5561:Charcas
5537:(Peru,
5521:Ecuador
5484:Bonaire
5479:Curazao
5464:Jamaica
5392:Florida
4692:1851713
4382:6955452
3717:2481064
3593:7550928
3472:3629799
2662:26 July
2634:26 July
2606:26 July
2319:Though
2066:diezmos
1787:or the
1785:Bahamas
1722:or the
1695:Guanaja
1667:Mayapan
1419:solares
1373:Economy
1336:cabildo
1328:cacique
1310:cabildo
1262:Granada
1200:entrada
1187:secular
1164:Society
1101:Yucatán
1097:Tabasco
1024:Bacalar
998:in the
984:Cozumel
980:Seville
909:of the
900:Jamaica
853:History
847:Mayapan
822:in the
814:in the
808:karstic
730:in the
699:Spanish
468:Bacalar
351:/ first
303:/ first
281:Viceroy
196:89°37′W
193:20°58′N
180:Capital
122:Spanish
35:Spanish
7352:Castas
7110:Boyacá
7085:Guiana
7075:Iguape
6999:Recife
6937:Mactan
6932:Annual
6897:Rocroi
6892:Leiden
6877:Djerba
6811:Bailén
6766:Ostend
6751:Azores
6346:Legión
6311:Tercio
6304:Armies
6206:Escudo
6135:Panamá
6130:Mexico
6125:Manila
6080:Bogotá
5865:Vecino
5860:Syndic
5691:Béjaïa
5651:Africa
5637:Tidore
5525:Panama
5489:Belize
5396:Mexico
5322:Sicily
5318:Naples
5280:Europe
4989:
4974:
4959:
4853:
4826:
4809:
4799:
4780:207701
4778:
4747:
4728:
4709:
4690:
4671:
4654:
4627:
4608:
4564:
4554:
4535:
4470:
4445:
4426:
4407:
4388:
4380:
4361:
4342:
4323:
4306:
4287:
4270:
4251:
4243:
4174:
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4136:
4067:
4025:
4006:
3989:
3970:
3878:
3857:
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3736:
3715:
3696:
3671:
3654:
3616:
3591:
3478:
3470:
3441:
3431:
3414:
2683:Lexico
2568:
2021:chilam
1988:, and
1982:Waymil
1974:Sotuta
1929:Mérida
1457:Legacy
1450:mantas
1431:diezmo
1294:, and
1190:friars
1109:Belize
1022:, and
1016:Mérida
972:, and
656:TA(H)N
582:Mexico
572:Belize
474:Mérida
366:/ last
333:
318:/ last
285:
264:
184:Mérida
118:
105:Anthem
31:
7247:Chile
7215:Petén
7190:Aztec
7009:Bahia
6984:Penco
6974:Cusco
6902:Downs
6882:Tunis
6801:Ceuta
6786:Breda
6736:Malta
6716:Tunis
6711:Pavia
6225:Trade
6140:Quito
6105:Cusco
5944:Chile
5679:Tunis
5626:Palau
5543:Chile
5474:Aruba
5469:Haiti
5403:]
5332:Milan
5290:Spain
4807:JSTOR
4776:JSTOR
3876:JSTOR
3734:JSTOR
3476:S2CID
3468:JSTOR
3412:S2CID
2726:Spain
2718:Spain
2710:Spain
2367:, as
2357:Xelha
2141:batab
1978:Tases
1127:) of
1105:Petén
1012:Kupul
905:batab
830:Human
722:, or
666:also
268:Latin
252:Motto
236:with
68:Flag
7252:Inca
7195:Maya
7130:Guam
7063:Lost
6835:Lost
6756:Mons
6196:Real
6120:Lima
6007:Cuba
5949:Cuba
5921:Perú
5697:and
5695:Ifni
5687:Oran
5610:Guam
5539:Acre
5535:Peru
5445:Cuba
5324:and
4987:ISBN
4972:ISBN
4957:ISBN
4905:2021
4880:2021
4851:ISSN
4824:ISBN
4797:ISBN
4745:ISBN
4726:OCLC
4707:OCLC
4688:OCLC
4669:ISBN
4652:ISSN
4625:ISBN
4606:ISBN
4591:2021
4562:OCLC
4552:ISBN
4533:ISBN
4509:link
4468:ISBN
4443:OCLC
4424:OCLC
4405:OCLC
4378:OCLC
4359:OCLC
4340:ISBN
4321:ISBN
4304:OCLC
4285:ISBN
4268:OCLC
4241:OCLC
4228:2021
4203:2021
4172:ISBN
4153:ISBN
4134:ISBN
4121:2021
4096:2021
4065:ISBN
4052:2021
4023:OCLC
4004:OCLC
3968:ISBN
3955:2021
3930:2021
3914:"De"
3905:2021
3855:ISSN
3817:ISBN
3800:ISSN
3713:OCLC
3694:ISSN
3669:OCLC
3652:OCLC
3614:ISSN
3589:OCLC
3576:2011
3530:2021
3505:2021
3439:OCLC
3429:ISBN
2664:2019
2636:2019
2608:2019
2566:ISBN
2473:The
2384:The
2361:Zama
2359:and
2130:, a
1714:The
1616:Itza
1552:The
1341:The
1256:The
1107:and
1067:Cuba
845:and
654:-kə-
592:The
240:and
6957:Won
6684:Won
5792:Law
5689:,
5409:),
5390:),
4768:doi
4525:hdl
4491:doi
4460:doi
3778:hdl
3759:doi
3635:doi
3547:doi
3460:doi
3404:doi
2342:in
2194:) (
2166:in
1481:.
951:or
763:.
692:YUU
652:YOO
398:to
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5685:,
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