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3223:. These projects would allow Western markets easier access to Kazakh oil and, potentially, Uzbek and Turkmen gas as well. Russia officially opposes the project on environmental grounds. However, analysts note that the pipelines would bypass Russia completely, thereby denying the country valuable transit fees, as well as destroying its current
3079:, Ramana, and Bibi Heybat. Total recoverable reserves were more than 500 million tons. By 1900, Baku had more than 3,000 oil wells, 2,000 of which were producing at industrial levels. By the end of the 19th century, Baku became known as the "black gold capital", and many skilled workers and specialists flocked to the city.
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3388:. Occasionally, Iranian patrol boats have fired at vessels sent by Azerbaijan for exploration into the disputed region. There are similar tensions between Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan (the latter claims that the former has pumped more oil than agreed from a field, recognized by both parties as shared).
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lines. Because of their use by the three nations, median lines seem to be the most likely method of delineating territory in future agreements. However, Iran insists on a single, multilateral agreement among the five nations (aiming for a one-fifth share). Azerbaijan is at odds with Iran over some of
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The
Caspian countries develop robust cooperation in the tech and digital field as part of the Caspian Digital Hub. The project helps expand data transmission capabilities in Kazakhstan as well as data transit capabilities between Asia and Europe. The project generated interest from investors from all
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Representatives of the
Caspian littoral states held a meeting in the capital of Kazakhstan on September 28, 2018, as a follow-up to the Aktau Summit. The conference was hosted by the Kazakh Ministry of Investment and Development. The participants in the meeting agreed to host an investment forum for
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canal). Baku Sea Trade Port and
Caspian Shipping Company CJSC, have a big role in the sea transportation of Azerbaijan. The Caspian Sea Shipping Company CJSC has two fleets plus shipyards. Its transport fleet has 51 vessels: 20 tankers, 13 ferries, 15 universal dry cargo vessels, 2 Ro-Ro vessels, as
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The
Caspian Sea Shipping Company of Azerbaijan, which acts as a liaison in the Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia (TRACECA), simultaneously with the transportation of cargo and passengers in the Trans-Caspian direction, also performs work to fully ensure the processes of oil and gas production
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of tectonic origin between the
Eurasian continent and an oceanic remnant, that runs through Zhiloi Island and Cape Kuuli. The Garabogazköl Bay is the saline eastern inlet of the Caspian, which is part of Turkmenistan and at times has been a lake in its own right due to the isthmus that cuts it off
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According to a treaty signed between Iran and the Soviet Union, the sea is technically a lake and was divided into two sectors (Iranian and Soviet), but the resources (then mainly fish) were commonly shared. The line between the two sectors was considered an international border in a common lake,
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Over the centuries, Caspian Sea levels have changed in synchrony with the estimated discharge of the Volga, which in turn depends on rainfall levels in its vast catchment basin. Precipitation is related to variations in the amount of North
Atlantic depressions that reach the interior, and they in
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Differences between the three regions are dramatic. The
Northern Caspian only includes the Caspian shelf, and is very shallow; it accounts for less than 1% of the total water volume with an average depth of only 5–6 m (16–20 ft). The sea noticeably drops off towards the Middle Caspian,
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into maritime states, enabling them to significantly increase trade volume. Although the canal would traverse
Russian territory, it would benefit Kazakhstan through its Caspian Sea ports. The most likely route for the canal, the officials at the Committee on Water Resources at Kazakhstan's
1539:, for example, has suffered ecological damage as a result of the petrochemical industry; this has significantly decreased the number of species of marine birds in the area. Existing and planned oil and gas pipelines under the sea further increase the potential threat to the environment.
2391:. Oil wells were being dug in the region as early as the 10th century to reach oil "for use in everyday life, both for medicinal purposes and for heating and lighting in homes". By the 16th century, Europeans were aware of the rich oil and gas deposits locally. English traders
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Written accounts from the ancient inhabitants of its coast perceived the
Caspian Sea as an ocean, probably because of its salinity and large size. With a surface area of 371,000 square kilometres (143,000 sq mi), the Caspian Sea is nearly five times as big as
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warns that the
Caspian "suffers from an enormous burden of pollution from oil extraction and refining, offshore oil fields, radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants and huge volumes of untreated sewage and industrial waste introduced mainly by the Volga River".
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in May 2018 and found consensus on multiple agreements: Agreements on cooperation in the field of transport; trade and economic cooperation; prevention of incidents on the sea; combating terrorism; fighting against organized crime; and border security cooperation.
2094:(US$ 880 as of April 2019) per kilo – allows fishermen to afford bribes to ensure the authorities look the other way, making regulations in many locations ineffective. Caviar harvesting further endangers the fish stocks, since it targets reproductive females.
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The five littoral states build consensus on legally binding governance of the Caspian Sea through Special Working Groups of a Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea. In advance of a Caspian Summit, the 51st Special Working Group took place in
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well as 1 technical vessel and 1 floating workshop. Its specialized fleet has 210 vessels: 20 cranes, 25 towing and supplying vehicles, 26 passenger, two pipe-laying, six fire-fighting, seven engineering-geological, two diving and 88 auxiliary vessels.
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5642:... Sea but identified an old bed that led to the Caspian. Writing in the fifteenth century, following the destruction of dams and irrigation works on the Oxus that diverted the river's flow toward the Caspian Sea, the Timurid geographer ...
1519:, the longest river in Europe, drains 20% of the European land area and is the source of 80% of the Caspian's inflow. Heavy development in its lower reaches has caused numerous unregulated releases of chemical and biological pollutants. The
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of the sea had been going on for nearly a decade among all the states bordering it. Whether it was by law a sea, a lake, or an agreed hybrid, the decision would set the demarcation rules and was heavily debated. Access to mineral resources
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The sea stretches 1,200 km (750 mi) from north to south, with an average width of 320 km (200 mi). Its gross coverage is 386,400 km (149,200 sq mi) and the surface is about 27 m (89 ft) below
1294:. The Middle and Southern Caspian account for 33% and 66% of the total water volume, respectively. The northern portion of the Caspian Sea typically freezes in the winter, and in the coldest winters ice forms in the south as well.
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and oil industries. Pollution from the oil industry and dams on rivers that drain into it have harmed its ecology. It is predicted that during the 21st century, the depth of the sea will decrease by 9–18 m (30–60 ft) due to
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The last short-term sea-level cycle started with a sea-level fall of 3 m (10 ft) from 1929 to 1977, followed by a rise of 3 m (10 ft) from 1977 until 1995. Since then smaller oscillations have taken place.
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The convention grants jurisdiction over 24 km (15 mi) of territorial waters to each neighboring country, plus an additional 16 km (10 mi) of exclusive fishing rights on the surface, while the rest is
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4376:) Textual Heritage». Вып. 5 / Пер. с османского Ю. Н. Каримовой, И. М. Миргалеева; общая и научная редакция, предисловие и комментарии И. М. Миргалеева. — Казань: Институт истории им. Ш. Марджани АН РТ, 2018. — 200 с
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The rising level of the Caspian Sea between 1995 and 1996 reduced the number of habitats for rare species of aquatic vegetation. This has been attributed to a general lack of seeding material in newly formed coastal
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was convened on August 12, 2019, in Turkmenistan and brought together representatives of Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran and that state. It hosted several meetings of their ministers of economy and transport.
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where the average depth is 190 m (620 ft). The Southern Caspian is the deepest, with oceanic depths of over 1,000 m (3,300 ft), greatly exceeding the depth of other regional seas, such as the
2259:). The period of restriction to the south basin was reversed during the Akchagylian – the lake became more than three times its size today and took again the first of a series of contacts with the Black Sea and
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gave a huge impetus to the development of shipping in the Caspian Sea, and as a result, there was a need to create fundamentally new floating facilities for the transportation of oil and oil products.
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south of the Caspian in Iran, suggest human habitation of the area as early as 11,000 years ago. Ancient Greeks focused on the civilization on the south shore – they call it the (H)yr(c/k)anian Sea (
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All of the countries are rich in solar energy and harnessing potential, with the highest rainfall much less than the mountains of central Europe in the mountains of the west, which are also rich in
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farther north. The Caspian has several small islands, primarily located in the north with a collective land area of roughly 2,000 km (770 sq mi). Adjacent to the North Caspian is the
3037:
liquids in 2001, 1.9% of total world output. More than a dozen countries output more than this top figure. Caspian region production has been higher, but waned during and after the collapse of the
1344:
to both the north and east are characterized by cold, continental deserts. Conversely, the climate to the southwest and south are generally warm with uneven elevation due to a mix of highlands and
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toward the south. It is most saline on the Iranian shore, where the catchment basin contributes little flow. Currently, the mean salinity of the Caspian is one third that of Earth's oceans. The
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into the Volga. The goals were both irrigation and the stabilization of the water level in the Caspian, which was thought to be falling dangerously fast at the time. During 1971, some
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as "a strange thing to behold, for there issueth out of the ground a marvelous quantity of oil, which serveth all the country to burn in their houses. This oil is black and is called
1199:, but its surface area increased fivefold around the time of the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition. During warm and dry climatic periods, the landlocked sea almost dried up, depositing
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geographer, recorded that the destruction of the Oxus river dam and irrigation works diverted the river flow towards the Caspian Sea, which caused the Aral sea to nearly disappear.
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signed the Protocol for the Protection of the Caspian Sea against Pollution from Land-based Sources in order to ensure better protection for the biodiversity of the Caspian Sea.
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4244:[Topic: Comparative study of the legal regime of the world's largest lakes and the Caspian Sea / Caspian / Caspian Lake names | Iranian researches. Pars sea].
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3343:. If the body of water is, by law, a sea, many precedents and international treaties oblige free access to foreign vessels. If it is a lake there are no such obligations.
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3442:. The seabed, on the other hand, remains undefined, subject to bilateral agreements between countries. Thus, the Caspian Sea is legally neither fully a sea nor a lake.
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It is calculated that during the 21st century, the water level of the Caspian Sea will decrease by 9–18 m (30–60 ft) due to the acceleration of evaporation due to
665:, enters at the shallow north end. Two deep basins form its central and southern zones. These lead to horizontal differences in temperature, salinity, and ecology. The
1245:
The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world by area and accounts for 40–44% of the total lake waters of the world, and covers an area larger than
5656:"Quantitative Evaluation of the Impact on Aral Sea Levels by Anthropogenic Water Withdrawal and Syr Darya Course Diversion During the Medieval Period (1.0–0.8 ka BP)"
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The Caspian Summit is a head of state-level meeting of the five littoral states. The fifth Caspian Summit took place on August 12, 2018, in the Kazakh port city of
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Many of the islands along the Azerbaijani coast retain great geopolitical and economic importance for demarcation-line oil fields relying on their national status.
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oil field in the Russian section of the body of water was discovered in 2005. It is reportedly the largest found in 25 years. It was announced in October 2016 that
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The collapse of the Soviet Union allowed the market opening of the region. This led to intense investment and development by international oil companies. In 1998,
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Van Baak, Christiaan G. C.; Grothe, Arjen; Richards, Keith; Stoica, Marius; Aliyeva, Elmira; Davies, Gareth R.; Kuiper, Klaudia F.; Krijgsman, Wout (March 2019).
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captured Azerbaijan, all private property, including oil wells and factories, was confiscated. Rapidly the republic's oil industry came under the control of the
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734:) belongs also the territory called Caspiane, which was named after the Caspian tribe, as was also the sea; but the tribe has now disappeared". Moreover, the
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connecting the Volga Basin with the Baltic were constructed as early as the early 18th century. Since then, a number of canal projects have been completed.
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from open seas formed a megalake, the basis of the Caspian Sea and other bodies of water in vicinity, resulting in confinements of oceanic faunas such as
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3090:. By 1941, Azerbaijan was producing a record 23.5 million tons of oil per year – its Baku region output was nearly 72 percent of the Soviet Union's oil.
1637:, and various land reclamation activities. The water level change within the Caspian Sea is an indirect reason for which plants may not get established.
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estimated that the level of the sea was dropping by more than six centimetres per year due to increased evaporation due to rising temperatures caused by
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was a pioneering explorer of the sea. He was a hydrographer who charted and greatly expanded knowledge of the sea. He drew a set of four maps and wrote
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states of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan. This concerns Russia as more traffic seeks to use – and at some points congest – its inland
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treatment). The lake proper has 115 natives, including 73 endemics (63.5%). Among the more than 50 genera in the lake proper, 3–4 are endemic:
1269:. The Caspian is divided into three distinct physical regions: the Northern, Middle, and Southern Caspian. The Northern–Middle boundary is the
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commented that "I can't think of a time when we've had a region emerge as suddenly to become as strategically significant as the Caspian."
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1633:. The principal limiting factors to successful establishment of plant species are hydrological imbalances within the surrounding deltas,
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While the convention addresses caviar production, oil and gas extraction, and military uses, it does not touch on environmental issues.
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Negotiations among the five states ebbed and flowed, from about 1990 to 2018. Progress was notable in the fourth Caspian Summit held in
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Five states are located along about 4,800 km (3,000 mi) of Caspian coastline. The length of the coastline of these countries:
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were influenced by Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, as they became strategically crucial in this sphere, thus attracting the largest share of
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has depleted a number of the historic fisheries. In recent years, overfishing has threatened the sturgeon population to the point that
1218:.) Due to the current inflow of fresh water in the north, the Caspian Sea water is almost fresh in its northern portions, getting more
4242:"موضوع : بررسی تطبیقی رژیم حقوقی بزگترین دریاچه های جهان و دریای خزر /کسپین/نام های دریاچه خزر | پژوهشهای ایرانی.دریای پارس"
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The sea level of the Caspian has fallen and risen, often rapidly, many times over the centuries. Some Russian historians claim that a
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The Caspian littoral states' meeting in 2007 signed an accord that only allows littoral-state flag-bearing ships to enter the sea.
2939:, the fourth largest in the world, producing around four million barrels a day. Iran has an estimated 988.4 trillion cubic feet of
1492:. Thus levels in the Caspian Sea relate to atmospheric conditions in the North Atlantic, thousands of kilometres to the northwest.
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was a project that was widely discussed between the 1930s and 1980s. Shipping was a secondary consideration. Its main goal was to
3067:. In 1873, exploration and development of oil began in some of the largest fields known to exist in the world at that time on the
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in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it the second leading
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The Caspian has characteristics common to both seas and lakes. It is often listed as the world's largest lake, although it is not
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exports from the region. Recently, both Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan have expressed their support for the Trans-Caspian Pipeline.
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advocate banning sturgeon fishing completely until the population recovers. The high price of sturgeon caviar – more than 1,500
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states. The current disputes along Azerbaijan's maritime borders with Turkmenistan and Iran could impinge future development.
689:(82,000 square kilometres (32,000 sq mi)). The Caspian Sea is home to a wide range of species and is famous for its
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Nicola Contessi (April 2015), "Traditional Security in Eurasia: The Caspian caught between Militarisation and Diplomacy",
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3138:. It is the largest port of the Caspian Sea. The port (and tankers) have access to the oceans along the Caspian Sea–Volga–
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3335:) all rest on the negotiations' outcome. Access to the Volga is key for market efficiency and economic diversity of the
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shares the root of its name with this common name for the sea. The traditional and medieval Arabic name for the sea was
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incident in September 2008 at an operating gas field in the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshi area of the Azerbaijan Caspian Sea.
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5124:"Western Asia: Along the coast of the Caspian Sea in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Iran | Ecoregions | WWF"
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5011:"President Tokayev Pledges to Better Protect Caspian Sea Biodiversity by Signing Caspian Sea Protection Protocol"
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in the south reaches 1,023 m (3,356 ft) below sea level, which is the third-lowest natural non-oceanic
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By the beginning of the 20th century, Baku was the center of the international oil industry. In 1920, when the
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613:. It covers a surface area of 371,000 km (143,000 sq mi) (excluding the highly saline lagoon of
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Khain V.E. Gadjiev A.N. Kengerli T.N. (2007). "Tectonic origin of the Apsheron Threshold in the Caspian Sea".
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The two modern canal systems that connect the Volga Basin, and hence the Caspian Sea, with the ocean are the
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Naseka, A.M. and Bogutskaya, N.G. (2009). "Fishes of the Caspian Sea: zoogeography and updated check-list".
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due to the hydrological environment of the sea. A century ago the Caspian was home to more than one million
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roaming freely on it. In the North Caspian, the majority of the islands are small and uninhabited, like the
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5346:. eds. Sidney Draggan and Cutler Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment, Washington DC
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A key problem to further local development is arriving at precise, agreed demarcation lines among the five
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tr. "Abdulgaffar Crimea. Umdet al-ahbar. Book 2: Translation. Series "Written Heritage. Written Heritage."
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cycles and the full run of the present Volga. During the first stage, the Tethys Sea had evolved into the
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changing its inflow to the Caspian from the 13th century to the 16th century, caused the coastal towns of
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4385:Гусейнов Г.-Р., "Султан-Мут и западные пределы кумыкского государства", материалы научной конференции, (
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10201:
10071:
9736:
8900:
8674:
7601:
7586:
6884:
6869:
4800:
4497:
3803:
3710:
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3557:
3456:
recognizes several rivers that cross international borders which flow into the Caspian Sea. These are:
3162:
2906:
and 40 percent of their exports. All the Caspian region economies are highly dependent on this type of
1489:
6322:
2325:
remains also have been discovered at a cave in Georgia. Discoveries in the Hotu cave and the adjacent
14148:
13978:
13951:
13854:
12850:
12830:
12803:
12559:
12319:
12078:
11957:
11886:
11766:
11405:
11161:
11088:
10930:
10391:
10381:
10351:
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10171:
9926:
9911:
7987:
7919:
7890:
7875:
7611:
7536:
5848:
5394:
4387:
tr. " "Sultan-Mut and the western limits of the Kumyk state", materials of the scientific conference"
3651:
3549:
3347:
3150:
2915:
1554:
said preliminary information indicated it was a mud volcano which spewed both mud and flammable gas.
1531:
extraction and transport activity in the Caspian also poses a risk to the environment. The island of
1396:
1388:
13946:
6163:
3055:
14253:
14059:
12364:
12203:
12173:
12038:
11952:
11861:
11824:
11395:
11186:
11105:
11055:
10761:
10466:
9726:
8438:
7571:
7488:
7071:
6784:
5403:]. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation. pp. 1–732.
3833:
2438:
2419:
2326:
1520:
11445:
6749:
4527:
14163:
13308:
12870:
12845:
12681:
12530:
12490:
12193:
12138:
12023:
11891:
11400:
11375:
11347:
11216:
11125:
11073:
10984:
10967:
10891:
10635:
10625:
10511:
10251:
8852:
8623:
8593:
8493:
8223:
7914:
7821:
7493:
7203:
7198:
5950:
5317:
5287:
3788:
3666:
3242:
3050:
2962:
950:
6473:
6300:
5655:
5222:"The Ice Age Rise and Fall of the Ponto Caspian: Ancient Mariners and the Asiatic Mediterranean"
2943:, around 16 percent of world reserves, thus key to current paradigms in global energy security.
14238:
14133:
13988:
13580:
13518:
12808:
12666:
12636:
12591:
12542:
12537:
12470:
12354:
12314:
12274:
12108:
12018:
12013:
11834:
11746:
11613:
11516:
11390:
11332:
11302:
11120:
11046:
10999:
9916:
9173:
8200:
8007:
7596:
7399:
6647:
6556:"Are the Littoral States Close to Signing an Agreement on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea?"
5054:
4372:Абдулгаффар Кырыми. Умдет ал-ахбар. Книга 2: Перевод. Серия «Язма Мирас. Письменное Наследие. (
3828:
3818:
3713:, where currently a chain of rivers and lakes is already connected by an irrigation canal (the
3662:
2981:
2903:
2656:
2350:
2338:
1546:
under the Caspian Sea were thought to be the cause of a fire that broke out 75 kilometers from
1384:
1355:
The Caspian Sea has numerous islands near the coasts, but none in the deeper parts of the sea.
816:
4630:
4303:
3376:. The Soviet sector was sub-divided into the four littoral republics' administrative sectors.
3063:
The world's first offshore wells and machine-drilled wells were made in Bibi-Heybat Bay, near
2219:
Lake, that was created from the modern Black Sea and south Caspian, when the collision of the
2039:
fish species have been reported from the Caspian Sea, but only a few have become established.
14107:
13079:
12835:
12576:
12549:
12510:
12450:
12249:
12218:
12128:
11876:
11812:
11469:
11352:
11317:
11230:
11211:
11149:
11063:
11022:
10957:
10913:
10791:
10610:
10366:
10111:
9931:
8698:
8694:
8667:
8293:
8157:
8077:
7720:
7616:
7225:
5447:
3793:
3714:
3568:
2576:
2403:. There is also by the town of Baku, another kind of oil which is white and very precious ."
2113:
1642:
1573:
1392:
570:
346:
295:
5818:
14128:
13869:
13732:
13552:
13350:
13064:
12865:
12773:
12768:
12520:
12455:
12213:
12148:
12143:
12133:
12103:
12098:
12058:
11565:
11415:
11322:
11297:
11282:
11257:
11176:
9020:
8167:
7138:
6856:
6716:
5480:
4887:
4677:
4476:
4449:
4408:
4160:
4073:
3783:
3689:
3553:
3439:
3373:
3320:
2970:
2556:
2071:
2012:
1929:
1823:
1270:
1143:
872:, a large empire based to the north of the Caspian Sea between the 7th and 10th centuries.
850:
670:
48:
13956:
4120:"The Caspian Sea is set to fall by 9 metres or more this century – an ecocide is imminent"
2980:
states join efforts to develop infrastructure, tourism and trade in the region. The first
1798:
may suggest potential presences of oceanic faunas in the Caspian Sea presumably until the
1719:
elsewhere, when introduced. The area has given its name to several species, including the
1629:
delta. The shoreline is also a unique refuge for plants adapted to the loose sands of the
8:
14096:
13825:
13630:
13559:
13367:
13216:
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13016:
12989:
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12616:
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12223:
12168:
12123:
12118:
12113:
12068:
12028:
11993:
11935:
11849:
11780:
11642:
11492:
11422:
11342:
11312:
11307:
11262:
10962:
10952:
10947:
10196:
9906:
9321:
9115:
8744:
8598:
7816:
7476:
7413:
7389:
7220:
7081:
7027:
6968:
6939:
6879:
6874:
4632:
The Caspian Region at a Crossroad: Challenges of a New Frontier of Energy and Development
4399:
Kaz’min, V. G.; Verzhbitskii, E. V. (2011). "Age and origin of the South Caspian Basin".
3813:
3753:
3655:
3564:
3545:
3142:
3002:
2911:
2856:
2596:
2469:
1863:
1803:
1380:
1368:
924:
888:
468:
5484:
4681:
4480:
4412:
4164:
4077:
3187:
2303:. More later evidence for human occupation of the region came from a number of caves in
13963:
13874:
13191:
13104:
12994:
12984:
12788:
12763:
12753:
12743:
12728:
12713:
12671:
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12586:
12525:
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12465:
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12425:
12369:
12309:
12299:
12158:
11981:
11967:
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11908:
11844:
11654:
11440:
11272:
10781:
10665:
10660:
10640:
10301:
10021:
9316:
9213:
8857:
8719:
8568:
8513:
8463:
8104:
7725:
7688:
7561:
7007:
6929:
6889:
6864:
6453:
6350:"8.3 The Status of the Caspian Sea – Dividing Natural Resources Between Five Countries"
5681:
5420:
4693:
4502:
4463:"Flooding of the Caspian Sea at the intensification of Northern Hemisphere Glaciations"
4432:
4178:
4097:
3974:
3838:
3632:
3480:
3139:
3068:
2817:
2724:
2676:
2616:
2312:
2232:
2036:
1846:
1775:
1322:
1306:
1278:
956:
It was also sometimes called the Kumyk Sea and Tarki Sea (derived from the name of the
658:
396:
327:
312:
4353:
3379:
Russia, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan have bilateral agreements with each other based on
2882:
2266:
97:
14071:
14011:
13790:
13576:
13272:
13074:
13059:
13001:
12906:
12658:
12626:
12621:
12606:
12581:
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12379:
12329:
12259:
12237:
12082:
11866:
11802:
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11756:
11659:
11625:
11603:
11548:
11497:
11181:
10675:
10670:
10486:
10016:
10011:
9881:
9075:
9025:
8817:
8759:
8185:
7804:
7626:
7591:
7452:
7447:
7428:
7237:
7064:
6824:
6457:
6420:
5888:
5745:
5706:
5685:
5671:
5624:
5539:
5498:
5364:
5091:
5034:
4933:
4760:
4721:
4697:
4636:
4576:
4506:
4436:
4424:
4309:
4285:
4182:
4089:
3999:
3978:
3966:
3913:
3748:
3701:
3097:" was signed, heralding extra-regional development of the Baku oil fields. The large
2946:
2734:
2495:
2415:
2304:
2248:
2220:
2091:
2067:
2004:
1826:
which was genetically identified to originate in the Caspian and Black Seas regions.
1791:
1755:
1736:
1668:
1433:
It contains about 3.5 times as much water, by volume, as all five of North America's
1215:
1183:
body. It is estimated to be about 30 million years old, and became landlocked in the
1098:
760:, but in recent centuries the common and standard name in Arabic language has become
727:
552:
6193:
6082:
4488:
3774:
Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea
1951:. Most non-endemic natives are either shared with the Black Sea basin or widespread
1214:
when cool, wet climates refilled the basin. (Comparable evaporite beds underlie the
12855:
12793:
12748:
12691:
12596:
12515:
12480:
12289:
11940:
11839:
11647:
11266:
10868:
10716:
10685:
10556:
10481:
10226:
10221:
9801:
9741:
9664:
9336:
9188:
8739:
8659:
8563:
8538:
8428:
8423:
8266:
8261:
8251:
8180:
7857:
7811:
7754:
7683:
7541:
7435:
7384:
7362:
7215:
7162:
7101:
6445:
5663:
5488:
5321:
4685:
4492:
4484:
4416:
4168:
4101:
4081:
3956:
3823:
3410:. The five leaders signed the 'Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea'.
3307:
3064:
2922:
2769:
2392:
2121:
2087:
2055:
2051:
2047:
1716:
1407:
1348:; the drastic changes in climate alongside the Caspian have led to a great deal of
1337:
1241:
Area around the Caspian Sea. Yellow area indicates the (approximate) drainage area.
1211:
880:
858:
842:
778:
400:
85:
77:
56:
6449:
5123:
4856:
3001:
Drilling platform "Iran Khazar" in use at a Dragon Oil production platform in the
2315:
human occupation south of the Caspian from western Alburz. These are Ganj Par and
1822:. This is supported by the existences of current endemic, oceanic species such as
1652:. About 11 plant species are found in the Samur River delta, including the unique
13983:
13196:
13148:
13054:
12915:
12875:
12778:
12718:
12708:
12696:
12641:
12460:
11854:
11829:
11608:
11337:
11252:
10690:
10680:
10426:
9991:
9966:
9866:
9851:
9846:
9796:
9776:
9761:
9701:
9456:
9426:
9406:
9326:
8990:
8985:
8970:
8940:
8905:
8827:
8724:
8152:
7653:
7641:
7621:
7576:
7526:
7466:
7408:
7369:
7357:
7350:
7259:
7076:
7059:
7034:
6711:
6689:
6247:
6227:
6200:
5805:
5786:
5615:
5522:
5454:
4754:
4715:
4713:
4360:
4281:
4202:
3758:
3624:
3620:
3191:
2997:
2774:
2744:
2601:
2591:
2571:
2475:
2158:
2129:
2063:
1911:
1807:
1744:
1657:
1634:
1622:
1614:
1562:
1188:
869:
807:
793:
743:
699:
678:
610:
602:
578:
517:
64:
9100:
5702:
One Into Many: Translation and the Dissemination of Classical Chinese Literature
5667:
4563:. Caspian Environment Programme. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 July 2013
4195:
3961:
3944:
2426:, the first lengthy report and modern maps. These were published in 1720 by the
1391:(Dsa, Dfa) being present in the northern portions of the Caspian Sea, while the
1223:
614:
357:
14003:
13931:
13211:
13201:
12813:
12686:
11947:
11913:
11637:
11590:
10655:
10546:
10431:
10421:
10401:
10096:
10086:
9971:
9961:
9891:
9806:
9721:
9674:
9669:
9396:
9376:
9341:
9331:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9130:
9120:
9010:
8995:
8877:
8729:
8706:
8638:
8488:
8448:
8418:
8297:
8246:
8145:
8109:
8089:
8072:
8012:
7776:
7668:
7646:
7636:
7631:
7483:
7461:
7345:
7340:
7325:
7320:
7247:
7193:
7145:
7116:
7022:
7012:
6133:
5658:. In Yang, Lian Emlyn; Bork, Hans-Rudolf; Fang, Xuiqi; Mishke, Steffen (eds.).
5515:
4173:
4148:
3030:
2626:
2507:
2479:
2364:
2279:
2239:
movement was continuous, while the Caspian was regularly disconnected from the
2212:
2028:
1830:
1700:
1558:
1504:
1477:
1427:
1345:
1274:
827:
695:
606:
374:
364:
241:
40:
5493:
5468:
4689:
4420:
3013:
The Caspian Sea region presently is a significant, but not major, supplier of
2295:
dating back to around 1.8 Ma and yielded a number of skeletal remains of
2097:
14122:
13864:
12920:
12825:
12334:
12073:
11664:
10837:
10756:
10711:
10406:
10236:
10181:
10146:
10101:
9756:
9716:
9696:
9654:
9614:
9538:
9526:
9346:
9238:
9208:
9193:
9183:
9163:
9090:
9060:
9015:
9005:
8980:
8960:
8930:
8910:
8822:
8797:
8648:
8618:
8478:
8433:
8308:
8271:
8140:
8132:
8099:
7836:
7786:
7678:
7673:
7663:
7508:
7471:
7379:
7374:
7276:
7181:
6721:
6693:
6620:
5884:
Economics of the Caspian Oil and Gas Wealth: Companies, Governments, Policies
5502:
4428:
4093:
3970:
3917:
3768:
3697:
3670:
2932:
2706:
2300:
2180:
2151:
2143:
used to occur in the Trans-Caucasus, Iran, and possibly the southern part of
2102:
2020:
2000:
1960:
1875:
1810:
due to historic marine inflow between the current Caspian Sea and either the
735:
719:
686:
566:
278:
265:
6730:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 452–455.
5819:"Caspian Sea Map, Caspian Sea Location Facts History, Major Bodies of Water"
5401:
Mammals of the Soviet Union. Volume II, Part 2. Carnivora (Hyaenas and Cats)
3623:, the Caspian Sea basin has no natural connection with the ocean. Since the
1707:), although found in neighboring areas, is a wholly freshwater species. The
1445:
discharge into the Caspian Sea, but it has no natural outflow other than by
13747:
13568:
12962:
12701:
11686:
11676:
11410:
10766:
10751:
10741:
10471:
10461:
10416:
10266:
10211:
10091:
9986:
9951:
9936:
9831:
9811:
9791:
9604:
9391:
9266:
9218:
9203:
9198:
9178:
9145:
9125:
9110:
9095:
9070:
9055:
9045:
9000:
8955:
8945:
8935:
8920:
8885:
8807:
8789:
8714:
8458:
8393:
8175:
8114:
8094:
8084:
7794:
7766:
7516:
7254:
7188:
7157:
7106:
6978:
6907:
6844:
6834:
5227:
4061:
3798:
3734:
3705:
3590:
3276:
3195:
3183:
3087:
3038:
3006:
2966:
2899:
2844:
2611:
2581:
2485:
2400:
2388:
2376:
2360:
2316:
2296:
2275:
2204:
2140:
2133:
2016:
1992:
1972:
1968:
1956:
1899:
1851:
1811:
1783:
1763:
1748:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1708:
1688:
1454:
1349:
1330:
1291:
1282:
1266:
1184:
1024:
772:, the Arabized form of Caspian. In modern Russian language, it is known as
646:
598:
392:
300:
249:
4035:
3692:
proposed a 700 km (435 mi) link between the Caspian Sea and the
3684:
In June 2007, in order to boost his oil-rich country's access to markets,
1683:
1589:
13610:
13572:
13564:
13170:
13084:
13026:
11703:
11580:
10726:
10456:
10451:
10411:
10341:
10331:
10286:
10261:
10186:
10126:
10001:
9956:
9841:
9836:
9786:
9686:
9649:
9634:
9441:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9366:
9361:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9246:
9158:
9153:
9105:
9080:
8895:
8847:
8842:
8812:
8802:
8779:
8749:
8603:
8588:
8503:
8498:
8231:
8190:
8121:
7826:
7715:
7658:
7581:
7531:
7418:
7394:
7283:
7039:
7017:
6993:
6839:
6829:
6526:"Caspian Sea states to host sea-related investment forum every two years"
5617:
Water on Sand Environmental Histories of the Middle East and North Africa
5009:
November 2021, Assel Satubaldina in Central Asia on 3 (3 November 2021).
3636:
3579:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3470:
3316:
3228:
3206:
3146:
2954:
2940:
2837:
2552:
2322:
2208:
2187:
2083:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1964:
1923:
1905:
1857:
1626:
1618:
1543:
1528:
1516:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1314:
1298:
674:
625:
of approximately 1.2% (12 g/L), about a third of the salinity of average
525:
353:
335:
331:
319:
6041:"British Investors Consider Plan to Create Caspian Digital Hub in Aktau"
5291:
4823:"Temperature and precipitation in the Caspian Sea Region | GRID-Arendal"
3072:
2931:
has high fossil fuel energy potential. It has reserves of 137.5 billion
2764:
2256:
1903:
with 16 endemic species. Other examples of endemics are four species of
1833:(including associated waters such as rivers) has 160 native species and
1359:
is the largest island. The island is 37 km (23 mi) long, with
1237:
792:
Some Turkic ethnic groups refer to it with the Caspi(an) descriptor; in
13600:
11925:
11585:
11575:
10812:
10771:
10746:
10731:
10721:
10598:
10396:
10246:
10216:
10206:
10131:
10121:
9996:
9886:
9876:
9816:
9644:
9639:
9609:
9583:
9505:
9479:
9446:
9436:
9381:
9261:
9168:
9135:
9065:
9035:
9030:
8975:
8965:
8925:
8915:
8890:
8862:
8837:
8769:
8754:
8578:
8553:
8483:
8453:
8373:
8353:
7761:
7730:
7551:
7546:
7210:
7171:
7133:
7051:
6924:
6809:
6804:
5153:
3875:
3685:
3674:
3640:
3490:
3336:
3332:
3282:
3270:
3135:
3083:
3046:
3042:
2895:
2891:
2791:
2718:
2696:
2533:
2465:
2446:
2334:
2308:
2216:
1976:
1952:
1941:
1834:
1799:
1795:
1672:
1442:
1423:
1416:
1356:
1302:
1258:
1250:
1172:
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991:
909:
638:
630:
388:
384:
323:
313:
12931:
10567:
9521:
4822:
2754:
2247:, a mountain arch rose across the south basin and divided it into the
1613:
Many rare and endemic plant species of Russia are associated with the
1480:, to flood. In 2004, the water level was 28 m (92 ft) below
1195:. The Caspian Sea was a comparatively small endorheic lake during the
347:
13820:
13815:
13637:
13530:
13360:
13021:
11570:
10736:
10551:
10536:
10476:
10321:
10311:
10306:
10271:
10241:
10231:
10136:
10051:
10006:
9896:
9871:
9711:
9691:
9629:
9401:
9371:
9296:
9276:
9271:
9256:
9228:
9085:
9050:
9040:
8950:
8867:
8774:
8734:
8508:
8413:
8408:
8208:
7867:
7841:
7771:
7749:
7742:
7521:
7298:
7232:
7128:
6951:
6934:
6819:
6814:
6788:
5251:"Культурно-исторический контекст археологического комплекса Гобустан"
4920:. caspianenvironment.org. Archived from the original on 13 April 2010
4667:
4392:
4085:
3693:
3537:
3395:
3385:
3328:
3312:
3170:
at sea. In the 19th century, the sharp increase in oil production in
3158:
3154:
3014:
2936:
2867:
2827:
2812:
2779:
2711:
2671:
2537:
2491:
2240:
2228:
2224:
2200:
2179:
A New and Accurate Map of the Caspian Sea by the Soskam Sabbus &
2144:
1947:
1869:
1819:
1815:
1759:
1712:
1481:
1469:
1450:
1326:
1318:
1310:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1168:
726:(died circa AD 24) wrote that "to the country of the Albanians (
654:
621:, with a volume of 78,200 km (19,000 cu mi). It has a
339:
304:
245:
6739:
5250:
5221:
3417:
3134:
has the main moorings of all large vessels, such as oil tankers, in
746:, may evince such people migrated to the south. The Iranian city of
13810:
13355:
13089:
13049:
10491:
10376:
10361:
10316:
10296:
10281:
10276:
10141:
10116:
10066:
10061:
10036:
10031:
10026:
9981:
9946:
9901:
9826:
9659:
9474:
9464:
9431:
9386:
9356:
9351:
9251:
8832:
8764:
8643:
7735:
7335:
7271:
7242:
7152:
7111:
6919:
6899:
6779:
3865:. Second Edition. Chelsea F.C., MI: Lewis Publishers, 1990, p. 196.
3743:
3365:
3357:
All five Caspian littoral states maintain naval forces on the sea.
3340:
3224:
3213:
3034:
3018:
2977:
2862:
2832:
2784:
2749:
2701:
2666:
2651:
2621:
2606:
2586:
2527:
2512:
2459:
2345:, with sources noting the latter word was evolving then to today's
2330:
2291:
The earliest hominid remains found around the Caspian Sea are from
2271:
2260:
2252:
2195:
The main geologic history locally had two stages. The first is the
2070:, are native to the Caspian Sea. The last of these is arguably the
2043:
1984:
1884:
1842:
1740:
1465:
1458:
1219:
1207:
that were covered by wind-blown deposits and were sealed off as an
1196:
1156:
1152:
928:
920:
715:
626:
622:
590:
408:
404:
11508:
6715:
6262:"WikiLeaks cables: BP suffered blowout on Azerbaijan gas platform"
4888:"Caviar pool drains dry as Caspian Sea slides towards catastrophe"
13702:
13206:
12048:
Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine
11930:
10695:
10541:
10336:
10291:
10056:
10041:
9976:
9921:
9861:
9856:
9821:
9766:
9751:
9746:
9681:
9223:
8573:
8543:
7707:
7440:
7330:
7288:
7176:
6988:
6983:
6912:
4604:
4308:. Encyclopedia of Seas. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 290.
3778:
3628:
2907:
2822:
2646:
2641:
2523:
2292:
2236:
2196:
2109:
2059:
1917:
1888:
1787:
1767:
1648:
1566:
1473:
1360:
1246:
1180:
1084:
866:
836:
756:
731:
703:
6134:"Volume of oil tanker transportation in Caspian Sea to increase"
5226:
Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of Oil-gas Basins (pp. 48-68) on
2406:
Today, oil and gas platforms abound along the edges of the sea.
2379:(618–907), the sea was the western limit of the Chinese Empire.
1597:
are maintained by moisture captured from the Caspian Sea by the
11539:
10441:
10436:
10176:
10106:
10046:
9781:
9624:
8633:
8583:
8473:
8468:
8383:
8213:
7312:
7266:
6973:
6960:
5799:"Back to the Future: Britain, Baku Oil and the Cycle of History
4717:
Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas
4302:
Zonn, I.S.; Kosarev, A.N.; Glantz, M.; Kostianoy, A.G. (2010).
4034:. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from
3430:
3380:
3351:
3288:
3120:
3102:
3059:
Caspian region oil and natural gas infrastructure. August 2013.
2797:
2759:
2739:
2691:
2686:
2636:
2631:
2079:
2032:
2024:
1880:
1838:
1664:
1607:
1598:
1399:(Cfa) are present in the southern portions of the Caspian Sea.
1341:
1333:
1262:
1226:
1204:
1176:
1112:
1004:
957:
916:
768:
747:
723:
718:, the ancient people who lived to the southwest of the sea in
690:
666:
634:
594:
582:
4752:
4714:
Henri J. Dumont; Tamara A. Shiganova; Ulrich Niermann (2004).
4147:
Prange, Matthias; Wilke, Thomas; Wesselingh, Frank P. (2020).
3360:
3253:
2154:
used to occur in northern Iran, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
13625:
13503:
10446:
10371:
10346:
10326:
9771:
9619:
9495:
8690:
8064:
7959:
7498:
6796:
6780:
5392:
4249:
3604:
3575:
3541:
3453:
3407:
3324:
2802:
2681:
2191:
Caspian Sea (Bahr ul-Khazar). 10th century map by Ibn Hawqal.
2008:
1935:
1893:
1653:
1551:
1412:
961:
662:
618:
521:
4985:"Scientists Sound the Alarm Over Fast-Shrinking Caspian Sea"
4792:
4460:
2409:
1457:, with its own sea level history that is independent of the
13737:
13513:
9941:
9706:
8628:
8363:
7093:
6293:"WikiLeaks Reveals BP's 'Other' Offshore Drilling Disaster"
5660:
Socio-Environmental Dynamics along the Historical Silk Road
5469:"The Caspian Lake: History, biota, structure, and function"
3598:
3294:
3199:
3171:
3131:
2928:
2729:
2661:
2565:
2517:
2442:
2396:
1879:. By far the most numerous families in the lake proper are
1547:
1536:
1532:
1277:
and Cape Tiub-Karagan. The Middle–Southern boundary is the
1254:
1064:
941:
739:
642:
586:
513:
380:
5780:"The Development of the Oil and Gas Industry in Azerbaijan
4301:
3717:). Upgrading the Volga–Don Canal would be another option.
13722:
13542:
9500:
4389:) journal Средневековые тюрко-татарские государства, 2009
3943:
Zimnitskaya, Hanna; von Geldern, James (1 January 2011).
2075:
1771:
574:
5396:
Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola
5055:"Caspian Sea Biodiversity Project - Biodiversity Report"
4450:
Caspian Sea: Largest Inland Body of Water - Live Science
4118:
Wesselingh, Frank; Lattuada, Matteo (23 December 2020).
1794:
instead due to its size (430 cm in length). These
1640:
These affect aquatic plants of the Volga Delta, such as
6221:
Russia Tries to Scuttle Proposed Trans-Caspian Pipeline
3995:
Certificate Physics And Human Geography; Indian Edition
3238:
3101:
conveys Azeri oil to the Turkish Mediterranean port of
865:. In all these the first word refers to the historical
5741:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History
5084:
Grillo, Oscar; Venora, Gianfranco (16 December 2011).
3942:
3631:
that connected the Volga and its tributaries with the
1758:
have identified what may be oceanic species including
6500:"Five States Sign Convention On Caspian Legal Status"
4146:
1743:
that live in inland waters, but it is different from
1550:
on July 5, 2021. The State oil company of Azerbaijan
1379:
The climate of the Caspian Sea is variable, with the
617:
to its east), an area approximately equal to that of
8689:
3724:
3219:
Much controversy currently exists over the proposed
2263:. A recession of Lake Akchagyl completed stage one.
821:
6347:
6108:"LUKOIL starts up V. Filanovsky in the Caspian Sea"
5876:
5874:
5589:"Cosmas Indicopleustes, Christian Topography, §132"
4954:"Azerbaijan Investigates Large Fire In Caspian Sea"
4628:
4398:
4273:(5th ed., 2008), by Andrew Burke and Mark Elliott,
3945:"Is the Caspian Sea a sea; and why does it matter?"
3876:"Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea"
2886:
Oil pipelines in the Caspian region. September 2002
2235:, lasting south and west limits to the basin. This
1675:, Iran as World Heritage Site under category (ix).
1297:Over 130 rivers provide inflow to the Caspian, the
5981:"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency"
4882:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4117:
3704:) would transform landlocked Kazakhstan and other
1325:, a low-lying region 27 m (89 ft) below
5951:"Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO"
5314:"Gobustan Petroglyphs – Methods & Chronology"
3424:Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea
3418:Convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea
1175:. Its seafloor is, therefore, a standard oceanic
14120:
13811:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
6425:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5871:
5442:
5440:
5438:
5436:
4894:. Bangkok. Agence France-Presse. 18 April 2019.
2161:is found in Iran, the Caucasus and Central Asia.
256:
6710:
6548:
6439:
6407:. Archived from the original on 20 January 2008
6072:"Caspian Oil and Gas: Production and Prospects"
5448:Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran
4871:
4853:"Welcome to the Caspian Sea Level Project Site"
3681:were carried out in the region by the U.S.S.R.
2559:, is the third-largest city on the Caspian Sea.
8338:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5349:
3857:
3855:
3627:, traders reached the Caspian via a number of
3610:Cities in Iran and Russia (chiefly for cargo.)
2890:Countries in the Caspian region, particularly
2395:and Jeffrey Duckett described the area around
2203:events that correlate with the closing of the
1841:. About 62% of the species and subspecies are
1336:stretch across the northeast coast, while the
1249:. The coastlines of the Caspian are shared by
12947:
11524:
10583:
9566:
8675:
8324:
6765:
6444:, vol. 160, no. 2, pp. 50–57,
5433:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5008:
1468:rising of the Caspian, perhaps caused by the
934:Renaissance European maps labelled it as the
903:
369:3,626,000 km (1,400,000 sq mi)
5921:"Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
5613:
5425:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5083:
4624:
4622:
3673:(which flows into the Arctic Ocean) via the
3544:, is connected by important shipping canals
1510:
797:
761:
573:and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged
6578:
5880:
5379:
5039:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4498:1871.1/00574e4b-fd93-4b99-8364-ff5e466c9c2d
4454:
4344:, Vol. IV (Moscow: Progress, 1973), p. 229.
3852:
3709:Agriculture Ministry say, would follow the
3485:Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Turkey
1133:
12954:
12940:
11531:
11517:
10590:
10576:
9573:
9559:
8682:
8668:
8331:
8317:
6772:
6758:
6215:
6213:
5206:
5176:
4709:
4707:
3327:river and the canals connecting it to the
3029:. The region output about 1.4–1.5 million
3017:to world markets, based upon estimates by
2286:
1739:to the Caspian Sea, being one of very few
1695:) are found only in the Caspian Sea basin.
1572:On October 23, 2021, Kazakhstan President
1301:being the largest. A second affluent, the
27:Lake in Eurasia – the world's largest lake
6468:
6466:
5775:
5773:
5647:
5492:
5248:
5219:
4855:. Caspage.citg.tudelft.nl. Archived from
4619:
4496:
4172:
3960:
3679:peaceful nuclear construction experiments
2555:, the capital of the Russian republic of
2449:, is the largest city by the Caspian Sea.
2410:Geography, geology and navigation studies
730:, not to be confused with the country of
439:371,000 km (143,200 sq mi)
6683:"Caspian Canal Could Boost Kazakh Trade"
6259:
4342:Etimologicheskii slovar' russkogo yazyka
3861:van der Leeden, Troise, and Todd, eds.,
3639:) and various rivers that flow into the
3359:
3350:issues properly rests on the status and
3252:
3054:
2996:
2881:
2547:
2437:
2370:
2265:
2186:
2174:
2132:used to occur in the Trans-Caucasus and
2096:
1682:
1588:
1406:
1236:
1142:
875:In Iran, the lake is referred to as the
12961:
12184:Collective Security Treaty Organization
10597:
6241:Russia Seeking To Keep Kazakhstan Happy
6210:
5737:
5393:Heptner, V.G., Sludskij, A.A. (1992) .
5284:"Gobustan Petroglyphs – Subject Matter"
4753:A. G. Kostianoi and A. Kosarev (2005).
4704:
4555:
4553:
4407:(1). Pleiades Publishing Ltd: 131–140.
4363:. www.livius.org. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
3998:. Oxford University Press. p. 66.
2105:, extinct in the region since the 1970s
1897:with 18 endemic species/subspecies and
1891:(22). Two particularly rich genera are
1070:
463:78,200 km (18,800 cu mi)
14:
14121:
12980:Index of Soviet Union–related articles
6492:
6463:
5931:from the original on 18 September 2018
5792:
5770:
5466:
4983:Times, The Moscow (25 December 2020).
4589:
4264:
4153:Communications Earth & Environment
4059:
3582:) across the sea chiefly are between:
3198:base and is the largest island in the
1187:, about 5.5 million years ago, due to
12935:
11742:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
11512:
10571:
9554:
8663:
8312:
6753:
6272:from the original on 16 December 2010
5859:from the original on 29 November 2014
5829:from the original on 22 December 2017
5731:
5692:
5278:
5276:
5261:from the original on 21 February 2019
4982:
4746:
4635:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 112–.
4538:from the original on 26 February 2017
3991:
3448:
3319:), access for fishing, and access to
3248:
3153:(a sea which has a connection to the
12881:Unified Sports Classification System
10818:Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)
6474:"Five Leaders Attend Caspian Summit"
6356:from the original on 2 February 2010
6329:from the original on 18 October 2020
6290:
6174:from the original on 6 December 2018
6144:from the original on 6 December 2018
6114:from the original on 3 November 2016
6069:
5901:from the original on 20 October 2020
5758:from the original on 4 February 2021
5719:from the original on 4 February 2021
5698:
5653:
5525:. Iranair.com. Retrieved 2012-05-20.
5407:from the original on 20 October 2017
5104:from the original on 18 October 2022
5065:from the original on 16 January 2021
5021:from the original on 3 November 2021
4550:
4322:from the original on 18 October 2022
4149:"The other side of sea level change"
4142:
4140:
4113:
4111:
4055:
4053:
4012:from the original on 16 October 2022
3992:Leong, Goh Cheng (27 October 1995).
3414:the Caspian region every two years.
2462:, ancient state in the north of Iran
2072:largest freshwater fish in the world
1782:which is assumed to depict either a
1426:: the 1.2% salinity classes it with
11538:
6648:"Drainage basin of the Caspian Sea"
6628:from the original on 19 August 2018
6480:from the original on 13 August 2018
6386:from the original on 9 October 2014
6291:Walt, Vivienne (18 December 2010).
6051:from the original on 7 January 2021
6021:from the original on 13 August 2019
3924:from the original on 19 August 2018
3221:Trans-Caspian oil and gas pipelines
3177:
1488:turn are affected by cycles of the
1305:, flows in from the north, and the
972:
884:
762:
215:
185:
155:
125:
89:
24:
12179:Commonwealth of Independent States
6536:from the original on 25 April 2019
5961:from the original on 23 March 2011
5662:. Springer, Cham. p. 95-121.
5595:from the original on 22 April 2017
5569:from the original on 13 April 2019
5467:Dumont, H. J. (22 December 2003).
5446:Humphreys, P., Kahrom, E. (1999).
5273:
4898:from the original on 17 April 2019
3886:from the original on 12 March 2022
3809:Trans-Caspian Oil Transport System
3194:, which is still used as a former
2989:over the world, including the UK.
2307:and Azerbaijan such as Kudaro and
2136:, but is today restricted to Iran.
1845:, as are 4–6 genera (depending on
1579:
1441:(about 80% of the inflow) and the
967:
25:
14295:
6704:
6664:from the original on 31 July 2009
6616:"Is the Caspian a sea or a lake?"
6596:from the original on 13 July 2018
6566:from the original on 13 July 2018
6405:"Russia Gets Way in Caspian Meet"
6164:"Caspian Sea-Black Sea Transport"
5744:. Cengage Learning. p. 260.
5654:Sala, Renato (28 February 2019).
5363:. 14 January 2007. Archived from
5342:C. Michael Hogan. "Overfishing".
5164:from the original on 12 July 2019
4137:
4108:
4050:
3906:"Is the Caspian a sea or a lake?"
3531:
3401:
3023:Energy Information Administration
2112:native to the region include the
905:Хвалынское море / Хвалисское море
601:, south of the fertile plains of
198:Show map of West and Central Asia
14103:
14102:
14090:
10881:
9582:
9533:
9532:
9520:
8392:
8382:
8372:
8362:
8352:
8285:
8284:
7612:West South Central United States
6745:Dating Caspian sea level changes
6506:from the original on 14 May 2022
6476:. RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty.
6323:"Characteristics of Caspian Sea"
5536:"Safeguarding Caspian Interests"
4964:from the original on 5 July 2021
4833:from the original on 26 May 2021
4803:from the original on 12 May 2013
4773:from the original on 28 May 2013
4734:from the original on 28 May 2013
4649:from the original on 28 May 2013
4222:from the original on 11 May 2011
3727:
3306:In 2000, negotiations as to the
3123:would start production from it.
1751:. Today, fewer than 10% remain.
1309:from the west. In the past, the
1119:
1105:
1091:
1077:
1057:
1037:
1017:
997:
984:
938:(Oronce Fine's 1531 world map),
214:
207:
184:
177:
154:
147:
124:
117:
96:
7832:Latin America and the Caribbean
7698:Latin America and the Caribbean
6676:
6640:
6608:
6518:
6433:
6397:
6368:
6341:
6315:
6284:
6253:
6233:
6186:
6156:
6126:
6100:
6063:
6033:
6003:
5973:
5943:
5913:
5841:
5811:
5581:
5555:
5528:
5509:
5460:
5336:
5306:
5242:
5146:
5134:from the original on 1 May 2013
5116:
5077:
5047:
5002:
4976:
4958:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
4946:
4918:"Caspian Environment Programme"
4910:
4845:
4815:
4785:
4661:
4520:
4489:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.01.007
4443:
4379:
4366:
4347:
4334:
4295:
4234:
4208:
4189:
3563:Another Caspian tributary, the
3301:
2078:(eggs) that are processed into
1595:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
609:, and north of the mountainous
102:The Caspian Sea taken from the
14219:Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan border
10864:History of the name Azerbaijan
10823:Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
6714:; Bealby, John Thomas (1911).
6070:Geld, Bernard (9 April 2002).
4284:, Lonely Planet Publications,
4060:Dumont, Henri (October 1995).
4032:"Great Lakes – Physical Facts"
4024:
3985:
3936:
3898:
3868:
3149:. A northern alternate is the
2992:
2382:
1790:, it may represent the famous
1656:forests that date back to the
1501:Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences
1273:Threshold, which runs through
661:, Europe's longest river, the
565:is the world's largest inland
13:
1:
14199:International lakes of Europe
13643:Political abuse of psychiatry
13435:Congress of People's Deputies
12089:Political abuse of psychiatry
10787:Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
6450:10.1080/03071847.2015.1031525
6376:"The great Caspian arms race"
6260:Tim Webb (15 December 2010).
5563:"Strabo, Geography, § 2.5.14"
5552:. iran-daily.com (2006-11-26)
3845:
3548:(and thus the Black Sea) and
3346:Resolving and improving some
3279:- 1,035 km (643 mi)
3273:- 1,422 km (884 mi)
3235:Leaked U.S. diplomatic cables
3049:for about 20% of the states'
1883:(35 species and subspecies),
1735:) is the only aquatic mammal
1711:is native to the Caspian and
1461:level of the world's oceans.
1115:(extreme north-eastern parts)
960:and their historical capital
481:7,000 km (4,300 mi)
14179:Geography of Southern Russia
12734:Traditions and superstitions
7294:Middle East and North Africa
6999:Middle East and North Africa
6712:Kropotkin, Peter Alexeivitch
6562:. The Jamestown Foundation.
5158:UNESCO World Heritage Centre
4629:Hooshang Amirahmadi (2000).
4305:The Caspian Sea Encyclopedia
4062:"Ecocide in the Caspian Sea"
3764:Epoch of Extreme Inundations
3571:with the Don basin as well.
3536:Although the Caspian Sea is
3261:
3126:
3099:Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline
2278:, on a raid in the Caspian (
2035:. Almost 30 non-indigenous,
1745:those inhabiting freshwaters
1402:
1232:
1138:
894:Old Russian sources use the
834:. Others refer to it as the
709:
455:1,025 m (3,360 ft)
307:, saline, permanent, natural
7:
14194:International lakes of Asia
13806:Academy of Medical Sciences
12400:Water supply and sanitation
10848:Second Nagorno-Karabakh War
10777:Russo-Persian War (1804–13)
5668:10.1007/978-3-030-00728-7_5
5249:Фараджева, Малахат (2015).
4756:The Caspian Sea Environment
4468:Global and Planetary Change
4216:"Strabo. Geography. 11.3.1"
4205:in Encyclopædia Britannica.
3962:10.1016/j.euras.2010.10.009
3949:Journal of Eurasian Studies
3720:
3297:- 728 km (452 mi)
3291:- 747 km (464 mi)
3285:- 813 km (505 mi)
2504:, Golestan Province of Iran
2428:Russian Academy of Sciences
1778:, although the rock art on
1340:hug the western shore. The
1171:, a remnant of the ancient
822:
535:
423:1,030 km (640 mi)
104:International Space Station
10:
14300:
14274:Lowest points of countries
10833:First Nagorno-Karabakh War
9737:Balyktykol (Karasor Basin)
8901:American Mediterranean Sea
8340:Islands of the Caspian Sea
7587:Northeastern United States
6250:", Eurasianet (2007-12-10)
6230:", Eurasianet (2006-03-27)
5614:Alan Mikhail (2013). "6".
5473:Limnology and Oceanography
5457:. Images Publishing, Avon.
5220:Gallagher, Ronnie (2011).
4561:"Caspian Sea – Background"
4174:10.1038/s43247-020-00075-6
3804:Trans-Caspian Gas Pipeline
3667:redirect some of the water
3540:, its main tributary, the
3421:
3241:covered up a gas leak and
2877:
2453:
2354:
2342:
2170:
2165:
1715:basins, but has become an
1542:The high concentration of
1490:North Atlantic oscillation
1374:
1163:The Caspian Sea is at its
945:(Ortellius' 1570 map), or
714:The sea's name stems from
553:not a well-defined measure
14264:Landforms of Central Asia
14224:Lakes of Astrakhan Oblast
14169:Geography of Central Asia
14154:Endorheic lakes of Europe
14084:
14028:
14002:
13922:
13845:
13836:
13781:
13688:
13651:
13591:
13494:
13456:
13376:
13238:
13229:
13179:
13127:
13118:
12970:
12900:
12657:
12421:
12412:
12245:
12236:
11989:
11980:
11788:
11779:
11714:
11556:
11547:
11463:
11431:
11366:
11238:
11229:
11157:
11148:
11054:
11045:
11008:
10899:
10890:
10879:
10856:
10800:
10704:
10618:
10609:
10172:Saumalkol (Karasor Basin)
10162:Saumalkol (Bukhar-Zhyrau)
9595:
9514:
9488:
9455:
9237:
9144:
8876:
8788:
8705:
8554:Ogurja Ada / Ogurchinskiy
8404:
8346:
8280:
8222:
8199:
8166:
8130:
8063:
7957:
7865:
7856:
7785:
7706:
7507:
7311:
7092:
7050:
6959:
6950:
6898:
6855:
6795:
6348:Khoshbakht B. Yusifzade.
6205:Christian Science Monitor
5494:10.4319/lo.1998.43.1.0044
5269:– via Acedemia.edu.
5090:. BoD – Books on Demand.
4938:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4690:10.1134/S1028334X07040149
4581:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4421:10.1134/s0001437011010073
3614:
3027:U.S. Department of Energy
2916:foreign direct investment
2543:
2433:
1754:Archeological studies of
1511:Environmental degradation
1397:humid subtropical climate
1389:humid continental climate
904:
831:
811:
798:
782:
569:, often described as the
550:
543:
509:
497:
493:
485:
477:
467:
459:
451:
443:
435:
431:435 km (270 mi)
427:
419:
415:
373:
363:
345:
311:
294:
255:
237:
111:
106:, seen from the southwest
95:
81:
68:
39:
34:
14214:Kazakhstan–Russia border
14209:Iran–Turkmenistan border
14204:Iran–Soviet Union border
14144:Azerbaijan–Russia border
12174:Prime Minister of Russia
11018:Administrative divisions
10808:Armenian–Tatar massacres
10762:Khanates of the Caucasus
8707:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
8073:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
7072:Transantarctic Mountains
6735:Names of the Caspian Sea
6168:Georgia Today on the Web
5881:Kalyuzhnova, Y. (2008).
5623:. OUP USA. p. 152.
3834:Wildlife of Turkmenistan
3696:. It is hoped that the "
3202:bay, hold oil reserves.
3157:of the Atlantic, as the
2488:, Gilan Province of Iran
2424:Pilot of the Caspian Sea
2311:. There is evidence for
1837:of fish in more than 60
1678:
1584:
1521:UN Environment Programme
1134:Physical characteristics
1050:
977:
891:at its southern shores.
489:−28 m (−92 ft)
447:211 m (690 ft)
138:Show map of Afro-Eurasia
90:دریای کاسپین/ کاسپی دریا
14159:Endorheic lakes of Asia
14097:Soviet Union portal
12612:Social entrepreneurship
12501:Forced public apologies
12436:Anti-American sentiment
10651:Shulaveri–Shomu culture
10646:Khojaly–Gadabay culture
10167:Saumalkol (N Karkaraly)
8853:Prince Gustaf Adolf Sea
7822:Caribbean South America
6727:Encyclopædia Britannica
5853:Encyclopædia Britannica
5738:Lockard, Craig (2020).
5705:. Rodopi. p. 285.
5318:Smithsonian Institution
5288:Smithsonian Institution
5087:Ecosystems Biodiversity
3789:South Caucasus Pipeline
3706:Central Asian countries
3257:Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan
3095:Contract of the Century
2963:purchasing power parity
2363:, a fourteenth century
2287:Early settlement nearby
1129:(extreme western parts)
1030:
1010:
951:Mercator 1569 world map
228:Show map of Caspian Sea
14284:Saline lakes of Europe
14269:Landforms of West Asia
14189:International disputes
14184:Geography of West Asia
14139:Azerbaijan–Iran border
13989:Stalinist architecture
13743:Science and technology
13653:Ideological repression
13581:Soviet Airborne Forces
13519:Destruction battalions
12360:Social security system
12343:Science and technology
12009:Classified information
11835:Central Russian Upland
10843:Independent Azerbaijan
10527:Zhamantuz (Ualikhanov)
10082:Lower Turgay and Irgiz
9917:Karakol (Shalkarteniz)
9174:Great Australian Bight
7597:Southern United States
7400:Scandinavian Peninsula
5201:Zoosystematica Rossica
4670:Doklady Earth Sciences
3863:The Water Encyclopedia
3829:Wildlife of Kazakhstan
3819:Wildlife of Azerbaijan
3711:Kuma–Manych Depression
3635:(which flows into the
3607:, Kazakhstan and Baku.
3368:
3258:
3060:
3010:
2982:Caspian Economic Forum
2887:
2853:(formerly Krasnovodsk)
2560:
2450:
2283:
2192:
2184:
2118:Testudo graeca buxtoni
2106:
1696:
1667:has admitted the lush
1602:
1419:
1385:cold semi-arid climate
1242:
1179:and not a continental
1160:
887:), after the historic
862:
854:
846:
657:. Its main freshwater
60:
52:
44:
14259:Lakes of Turkmenistan
13771:List of metro systems
13324:Collective leadership
12821:Russian tsars regalia
12154:Intelligence agencies
11877:Great Russian Regions
11621:Expansion (1500-1800)
10792:Treaty of Turkmenchay
10532:Zhamantuz (Zhangeldi)
8444:Bolshoy Zyudostinskiy
8078:Antarctic Convergence
7617:Western United States
6502:. Radio Free Europe.
5825:. 29 September 2015.
5521:May 14, 2011, at the
5344:Encyclopedia of Earth
5255:Российская Археология
4218:. Perseus.tufts.edu.
3794:Southern Gas Corridor
3652:Volga–Baltic Waterway
3552:, with branch canals
3363:
3256:
3071:near the villages of
3058:
3045:accounts for 55% and
3033:per day plus natural
3000:
2885:
2551:
2441:
2371:Chinese maximal limit
2269:
2190:
2178:
2114:spur-thighed tortoise
2100:
2074:. The sturgeon yield
1686:
1643:Aldrovanda vesiculosa
1631:Central Asian Deserts
1599:Alborz Mountain Range
1592:
1574:Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
1410:
1393:Mediterranean climate
1240:
1146:
14279:Saline lakes of Asia
13733:Net material product
13676:Censorship of images
13593:Political repression
13553:Soviet Border Troops
13486:First Deputy Premier
13070:1965 economic reform
13065:Soviet space program
12888:World Heritage sites
12265:Droughts and famines
11818:Environmental issues
11566:Proto-Indo-Europeans
11033:World Heritage Sites
10522:Zhamantuz (Taiynsha)
10157:Saumalkol (Bayanaul)
9021:Gulf of St. Lawrence
8609:Tyuleniy Archipelago
7139:Greater Central Asia
3784:Shah Deniz gas field
3690:Nursultan Nazarbayev
3578:services (including
3440:international waters
3321:international waters
3105:and opened in 2006.
2912:world energy markets
2387:The area is rich in
2207:. The second is the
2122:Horsfield's tortoise
2101:Illustration of two
2013:European weatherfish
1930:Stenodus leucichthys
1776:Brunnich's Guillemot
1415:, Mangystau Region,
1365:Tyuleniy Archipelago
1201:evaporitic sediments
1071:Non-border countries
908:) after the name of
593:, west of the broad
571:world's largest lake
14249:Lakes of Kazakhstan
14229:Lakes of Azerbaijan
14174:Geography of Europe
13801:Academy of Sciences
13616:Population transfer
13560:Soviet Armed Forces
13423:Congress of Soviets
13404:Presidium/Politburo
13368:Soviet anti-Zionism
13217:West Siberian Plain
13095:Revolutions of 1989
13032:Great Patriotic War
13017:New Economic Policy
12739:Forms of addressing
12348:Academy of Sciences
12305:Financial districts
12169:President of Russia
12094:Political divisions
12054:Freedom of assembly
11936:West Siberian Plain
11682:Great Patriotic War
11643:February Revolution
10636:Kura–Araxes culture
10631:Bronze and Iron age
10517:Zhamantuz (Shalkar)
10507:Zhamantuz (Aktogay)
10502:Zhamantuz (Aksu CA)
10197:Shalkar (Kokshetau)
10152:Saumalkol (Aiyrtau)
10077:Kyzyltuz (Zhelezin)
9927:Karasor (Ekibastuz)
9907:Karakol (Chu basin)
9732:Balyktykol (Akmola)
9589:Lakes of Kazakhstan
9322:Gulf of Carpentaria
9116:Sea of the Hebrides
8745:King Haakon VII Sea
8529:Morskoy Ivan-Karaul
8290:Continents of Earth
7817:Brazilian Highlands
7221:Indian subcontinent
7082:Antarctic Peninsula
6880:Southern Hemisphere
6875:Northern Hemisphere
6717:"Caspian Sea"
6110:. 31 October 2016.
5849:"Fedor I. Soimonov"
5485:1998LimOc..43...44D
5367:on 5 September 2008
5357:"Fishing Prospects"
5154:"Hyrcanian Forests"
5128:World Wildlife Fund
4682:2007DokES.414..552K
4481:2019GPC...174..153V
4413:2011Ocgy...51..131K
4165:2020ComEE...1...69P
4078:1995Natur.377..673D
3880:President Of Russia
3754:Caspian Sea Monster
3569:an irrigation canal
3550:with the Baltic Sea
3505:Azerbaijan, Russia
3495:Kazakhstan, Russia
3475:Iran, Turkmenistan
3364:Caspian Sea shore,
3110:Vladimir Filanovsky
2577:Astane-ye Ashrafiye
2470:Mazandaran Province
2414:During the rule of
2329:, near the town of
1867:(often included in
1804:last glacial period
1780:Kichikdash Mountain
1561:and the process of
1449:. Thus the Caspian
1381:cold desert climate
1369:Important Bird Area
1165:South Caspian Basin
925:classical antiquity
889:Mazandaran Province
698:and the process of
629:. It is bounded by
469:Residence time
275: /
13446:Military Collegium
13314:Capital punishment
13192:Caucasus Mountains
13105:Post-Soviet states
12985:Russian Revolution
12789:Russian given name
12375:Telecommunications
12325:Petroleum industry
12189:State of emergency
12034:Far-right politics
11999:Capital punishment
11845:Meshchera Lowlands
11699:Russian Federation
11655:October Revolution
11207:Telecommunications
11202:Petroleum industry
10782:Treaty of Gulistan
10666:Leyla-Tepe culture
10661:Jar-Burial Culture
10641:Nakhchivan culture
10497:Zhamantuz (Akmola)
10357:Teniz, Yereymentau
10257:Shoshkaly (Akmola)
9932:Karasor (Pavlodar)
9317:Gulf of California
9214:Mozambique Channel
8858:Queen Victoria Sea
8720:Bellingshausen Sea
8514:Malyy Zhemchuzhnyy
8105:Great Barrier Reef
7726:Mainland Australia
6890:Western Hemisphere
6865:Eastern Hemisphere
6740:Caspian Sea Region
6688:2009-01-19 at the
6624:. 16 August 2018.
6532:. 3 October 2018.
6246:2008-05-12 at the
6226:2007-06-10 at the
6199:2007-06-08 at the
6194:The Great Gas Game
6088:on 6 December 2018
6017:. 13 August 2019.
6011:"The Astana Times"
5804:2007-09-29 at the
5785:2007-09-29 at the
5699:Chan, Leo (2003).
5453:2016-04-30 at the
4607:on 22 January 2009
4359:2011-06-04 at the
4280:2011-06-07 at the
4201:2008-01-07 at the
4038:on 29 October 2010
3912:. 16 August 2018.
3882:. 12 August 2018.
3839:Wildlife of Russia
3663:Pechora–Kama Canal
3567:, is connected by
3546:with the Don River
3449:Crossborder inflow
3369:
3323:(through Russia's
3259:
3249:Territorial status
3227:on westward-bound
3069:Absheron Peninsula
3061:
3011:
2888:
2859:(formerly Çeleken)
2818:Dagestanskiye Ogni
2561:
2451:
2313:Lower Palaeolithic
2284:
2233:Caucasus Mountains
2193:
2185:
2107:
2092:Azerbaijani manats
1697:
1610:and water bodies.
1603:
1420:
1338:Caucasus mountains
1323:Caspian Depression
1286:from the Caspian.
1279:Apsheron Threshold
1243:
1161:
1147:Separation of the
649:to the southeast.
645:to the south, and
641:to the southwest,
637:to the northwest,
633:to the northeast,
581:, it lies between
397:Russian Federation
14244:Lakes of Kalmykia
14234:Lakes of Dagestan
14116:
14115:
14080:
14079:
14072:Hammer and sickle
14014:and their groups
14012:Soviet dissidents
13791:Communist Academy
13708:Economic planning
13684:
13683:
13577:Soviet Air Forces
13496:Security services
13416:General Secretary
13399:Central Committee
13341:Political parties
13273:Brezhnev Doctrine
13268:Foreign relations
13225:
13224:
13166:Autonomous okrugs
13080:Soviet–Afghan War
13060:Sino-Soviet split
13002:Russian Civil War
12929:
12928:
12896:
12895:
12476:Domestic violence
12408:
12407:
12330:Russian oligarchs
12255:Aircraft industry
12232:
12231:
12209:Mass surveillance
12199:Search and rescue
12164:Political parties
12044:Foreign relations
11976:
11975:
11775:
11774:
11767:Historical cities
11626:Tsardom of Russia
11506:
11505:
11459:
11458:
11381:Ethnic minorities
11323:Novruz (New Year)
11293:National identity
11225:
11224:
11197:Natural resources
11144:
11143:
11116:Political parties
11111:National Assembly
11094:Children's rights
11079:Foreign relations
11041:
11040:
10877:
10876:
10828:Soviet Azerbaijan
10676:Caucasian Albania
10671:Achaemenid Empire
10565:
10564:
10467:Zhaksy-Zhalgyztau
10392:Tuzkol (Pavlodar)
10387:Tuzkol (Kostanay)
10202:Shalkar (Terekti)
10072:Kyzyltuz (Akkuly)
9912:Karakol (Shalkar)
9727:Balyktykol (Abai)
9548:
9547:
9527:Oceans portal
9076:Mediterranean Sea
9026:Gulf of Venezuela
8818:East Siberian Sea
8760:Riiser-Larsen Sea
8657:
8656:
8524:Morskoy Biryuchek
8306:
8305:
8186:Mediterranean Rim
8059:
8058:
7998:Mediterranean Sea
7852:
7851:
7805:Amazon Rainforest
7627:Canadian Prairies
7592:Pacific Northwest
7453:Iberian Peninsula
7429:Italian Peninsula
7238:Arabian Peninsula
7065:Antarctic Plateau
6825:Three/Four Worlds
6590:caspianbarrel.org
5894:978-0-230-22755-2
5677:978-3-030-00727-0
5516:"Major Monuments"
5097:978-953-307-417-7
4793:"News Azerbaijan"
4766:978-3-540-28281-5
4727:978-1-4020-1869-5
4642:978-0-312-22351-9
4315:978-3-642-11524-0
4290:978-1-74104-293-1
4252:on 8 October 2018
4072:(6551): 673–674.
4005:978-0-19-562816-6
3749:Caspian languages
3715:Kuma–Manych Canal
3702:Manych Ship Canal
3554:to Northern Dvina
3529:
3528:
2870:(formerly Bekdaş)
2496:Golestan Province
2445:, the capital of
2420:Fedor I. Soimonov
2416:Peter I the Great
2274:rebel and pirate
2270:The 17th-century
2221:Arabian peninsula
2088:environmentalists
1756:Gobustan Rock Art
1669:Hyrcanian forests
1527:The magnitude of
1411:Caspian Sea near
820:
783:Каспи́йское мо́ре
728:Caucasian Albania
559:
558:
486:Surface elevation
16:(Redirected from
14291:
14149:Border tripoints
14106:
14105:
14095:
14094:
14093:
13843:
13842:
13751:
13606:Collectivization
13351:Marxism–Leninism
13236:
13235:
13125:
13124:
12956:
12949:
12942:
12933:
12932:
12909:
12856:Russian language
12799:National symbols
12419:
12418:
12338:
12295:Fishing industry
12285:Economic regions
12280:Defence industry
12243:
12242:
11987:
11986:
11941:Russian Far East
11840:Northwest Russia
11798:Cities and towns
11786:
11785:
11648:Russian Republic
11554:
11553:
11533:
11526:
11519:
11510:
11509:
11486:
11479:
11472:
11236:
11235:
11192:Mineral industry
11182:Manat (currency)
11155:
11154:
11052:
11051:
10897:
10896:
10885:
10869:The Land of Fire
10717:Sallarid dynasty
10686:Arran (Caucasus)
10616:
10615:
10592:
10585:
10578:
10569:
10568:
10352:Teniz, Mendykara
10252:Shoshkaly (Abai)
9665:Barsakelmes Lake
9587:
9586:
9575:
9568:
9561:
9552:
9551:
9536:
9535:
9525:
9524:
9457:Endorheic basins
9337:Gulf of Thailand
9189:Gulf of Khambhat
8684:
8677:
8670:
8661:
8660:
8624:Verkhny Oseredok
8594:Spirkin Oseredok
8539:Nizhniy Oseredok
8519:Morskaya Chapura
8439:Bolshiye Peshnye
8424:Baku Archipelago
8397:
8396:
8387:
8386:
8377:
8376:
8367:
8366:
8357:
8356:
8333:
8326:
8319:
8310:
8309:
8288:
8287:
8267:Global Southwest
8262:Global Southeast
8252:Global Northwest
8247:Global Northeast
8237:Global Heartland
8181:Indian Ocean Rim
7863:
7862:
7755:Island Melanesia
7441:Balkan Peninsula
7216:Himalayan states
7163:Russian Far East
6957:
6956:
6885:Water Hemisphere
6774:
6767:
6760:
6751:
6750:
6731:
6719:
6698:
6680:
6674:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6652:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6612:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6582:
6576:
6575:
6573:
6571:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6496:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6485:
6470:
6461:
6460:
6442:The RUSI Journal
6437:
6431:
6430:
6424:
6416:
6414:
6412:
6401:
6395:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6372:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6319:
6313:
6312:
6310:
6308:
6303:on 25 March 2013
6299:. Archived from
6288:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6257:
6251:
6237:
6231:
6219:Sergei Blagov, "
6217:
6208:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6179:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6151:
6149:
6130:
6124:
6123:
6121:
6119:
6104:
6098:
6097:
6095:
6093:
6087:
6081:. Archived from
6079:wvvw.iwar.org.uk
6076:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6045:The Astana Times
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5998:
5996:
5991:on 15 March 2016
5987:. Archived from
5977:
5971:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5947:
5941:
5940:
5938:
5936:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5908:
5906:
5878:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5864:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5815:
5809:
5796:
5790:
5777:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5735:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5724:
5696:
5690:
5689:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5639:
5637:
5622:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5602:
5600:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5559:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5538:. Archived from
5532:
5526:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5496:
5464:
5458:
5444:
5431:
5430:
5424:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5390:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5353:
5347:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5324:on 28 April 2015
5320:. Archived from
5310:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5299:
5294:on 28 April 2015
5290:. Archived from
5280:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5266:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5217:
5204:
5197:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5150:
5144:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5120:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5072:
5070:
5051:
5045:
5044:
5038:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5015:The Astana Times
5006:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4989:The Moscow Times
4980:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4950:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4884:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4819:
4813:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4789:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4711:
4702:
4701:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:
4626:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4603:. Archived from
4593:
4587:
4586:
4580:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4557:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4543:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4500:
4458:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4396:
4390:
4383:
4377:
4370:
4364:
4351:
4345:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4299:
4293:
4268:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4248:. Archived from
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4227:
4212:
4206:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4176:
4144:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4124:The Conversation
4115:
4106:
4105:
4086:10.1038/377673a0
4057:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4019:
4017:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3964:
3940:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3824:Wildlife of Iran
3737:
3732:
3731:
3730:
3645:Primitive canals
3558:to the White Sea
3525:Georgia, Russia
3515:Georgia, Russia
3459:
3458:
3188:Pirallahı Island
3178:Political issues
3163:White Sea-Baltic
3118:
3065:Baku, Azerbaijan
2947:Russia's economy
2923:hydroelectricity
2393:Thomas Bannister
2356:
2344:
2255:Lakes (or early
2199:, determined by
1955:species such as
1717:invasive species
1705:Mauremys caspica
1623:riparian forests
1593:Iran's northern
1125:
1123:
1122:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1003:
1001:
1000:
990:
988:
987:
973:Border countries
907:
906:
886:
833:
825:
815:
813:
801:
800:
787:Kaspiyskoye more
784:
777:
765:
764:
551:Shore length is
532:(Turkmenistan) (
401:Astrakhan Oblast
349:
348:Primary outflows
315:
290:
289:
287:
286:
285:
280:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
258:
229:
218:
217:
211:
199:
188:
187:
181:
169:
168:Show map of Asia
158:
157:
151:
139:
128:
127:
121:
100:
91:
83:
76:
70:
32:
31:
21:
14299:
14298:
14294:
14293:
14292:
14290:
14289:
14288:
14254:Lakes of Russia
14119:
14118:
14117:
14112:
14091:
14089:
14076:
14024:
13998:
13918:
13832:
13777:
13749:
13723:Internet domain
13718:Five-year plans
13680:
13647:
13587:
13490:
13452:
13384:Communist Party
13372:
13331:Passport system
13221:
13197:European Russia
13175:
13114:
13055:Khrushchev Thaw
13034:(World War II)
13012:Creation treaty
12966:
12960:
12930:
12925:
12912:
12905:
12892:
12851:Public holidays
12846:Political jokes
12831:Personification
12784:Names of Russia
12653:
12572:Life expectancy
12404:
12336:
12228:
12079:Law enforcement
11972:
11958:Protected areas
11855:Smolensk Upland
11850:Oka–Don Lowland
11830:European Russia
11771:
11710:
11596:Mongol invasion
11543:
11537:
11507:
11502:
11489:
11482:
11475:
11468:
11455:
11451:National emblem
11446:National anthem
11427:
11386:Gender equality
11362:
11328:Public holidays
11221:
11140:
11101:Law enforcement
11037:
11004:
10990:Protected areas
10904:Bodies of water
10886:
10873:
10852:
10796:
10700:
10691:Sasanian Empire
10681:Parthian Empire
10605:
10596:
10566:
10561:
10512:Zhamantuz (May)
10427:Ulken Tobylzhan
10382:Tuzkol (Almaty)
10112:Maysor (Irtysh)
9992:Kokshetau Lakes
9967:Kishi Tobylzhan
9852:Kak (Ulken Kak)
9847:Kak (Kishi Kak)
9797:Buralkynyn Tuzy
9591:
9581:
9579:
9549:
9544:
9519:
9510:
9484:
9451:
9427:South China Sea
9407:Seto Inland Sea
9327:Gulf of Fonseca
9233:
9140:
8991:Gulf of Finland
8986:Gulf of Bothnia
8971:English Channel
8941:Bay of Campeche
8906:Archipelago Sea
8872:
8828:Gulf of Boothia
8784:
8725:Cooperation Sea
8701:
8688:
8658:
8653:
8400:
8391:
8381:
8371:
8361:
8351:
8342:
8337:
8307:
8302:
8276:
8218:
8195:
8162:
8126:
8055:
8044:South China Sea
7953:
7896:Central America
7848:
7781:
7702:
7654:Northern Mexico
7642:Northern Canada
7622:Atlantic Canada
7577:Mountain states
7503:
7358:European Russia
7351:Southern Russia
7307:
7260:Iranian Plateau
7088:
7077:West Antarctica
7060:East Antarctica
7046:
6946:
6894:
6870:Land Hemisphere
6851:
6791:
6778:
6707:
6702:
6701:
6690:Wayback Machine
6681:
6677:
6667:
6665:
6661:
6650:
6646:
6645:
6641:
6631:
6629:
6614:
6613:
6609:
6599:
6597:
6592:. 30 May 2018.
6584:
6583:
6579:
6569:
6567:
6554:
6553:
6549:
6539:
6537:
6530:astanatimes.com
6524:
6523:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6498:
6497:
6493:
6483:
6481:
6472:
6471:
6464:
6438:
6434:
6418:
6417:
6410:
6408:
6403:
6402:
6398:
6389:
6387:
6374:
6373:
6369:
6359:
6357:
6346:
6342:
6332:
6330:
6321:
6320:
6316:
6306:
6304:
6289:
6285:
6275:
6273:
6258:
6254:
6248:Wayback Machine
6238:
6234:
6228:Wayback Machine
6218:
6211:
6201:Wayback Machine
6191:
6187:
6177:
6175:
6162:
6161:
6157:
6147:
6145:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6117:
6115:
6106:
6105:
6101:
6091:
6089:
6085:
6074:
6068:
6064:
6054:
6052:
6047:. 26 May 2020.
6039:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6022:
6015:astanatimes.com
6009:
6008:
6004:
5994:
5992:
5979:
5978:
5974:
5964:
5962:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5934:
5932:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5904:
5902:
5895:
5879:
5872:
5862:
5860:
5847:
5846:
5842:
5832:
5830:
5817:
5816:
5812:
5806:Wayback Machine
5797:
5793:
5787:Wayback Machine
5778:
5771:
5761:
5759:
5752:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5720:
5713:
5697:
5693:
5678:
5652:
5648:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5620:
5612:
5608:
5598:
5596:
5587:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5545:
5543:
5534:
5533:
5529:
5523:Wayback Machine
5514:
5510:
5465:
5461:
5455:Wayback Machine
5445:
5434:
5418:
5417:
5410:
5408:
5391:
5380:
5370:
5368:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5341:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5282:
5281:
5274:
5264:
5262:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5218:
5207:
5203:18(2): 295–317.
5198:
5177:
5167:
5165:
5160:. 1 July 2022.
5152:
5151:
5147:
5137:
5135:
5122:
5121:
5117:
5107:
5105:
5098:
5082:
5078:
5068:
5066:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5032:
5031:
5024:
5022:
5007:
5003:
4993:
4991:
4981:
4977:
4967:
4965:
4960:. 5 July 2021.
4952:
4951:
4947:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4921:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4901:
4899:
4886:
4885:
4872:
4862:
4860:
4859:on 24 July 2011
4851:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4821:
4820:
4816:
4806:
4804:
4791:
4790:
4786:
4776:
4774:
4767:
4751:
4747:
4737:
4735:
4728:
4712:
4705:
4666:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4643:
4627:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4558:
4551:
4541:
4539:
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4459:
4455:
4448:
4444:
4397:
4393:
4384:
4380:
4371:
4367:
4361:Wayback Machine
4352:
4348:
4339:
4335:
4325:
4323:
4316:
4300:
4296:
4282:Wayback Machine
4269:
4265:
4255:
4253:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4225:
4223:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4203:Wayback Machine
4194:
4190:
4145:
4138:
4128:
4126:
4116:
4109:
4058:
4051:
4041:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4015:
4013:
4006:
3990:
3986:
3941:
3937:
3927:
3925:
3904:
3903:
3899:
3889:
3887:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3860:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3814:Volga–Don Canal
3759:Baku oil fields
3733:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3656:Volga–Don Canal
3625:medieval period
3621:endorheic basin
3617:
3534:
3451:
3426:
3420:
3404:
3304:
3264:
3251:
3180:
3129:
3112:
2995:
2967:producer of oil
2951:twelfth largest
2880:
2875:
2602:Bandar Torkaman
2592:Bandar-e Anzali
2546:
2456:
2436:
2412:
2385:
2373:
2343:Υρκανία θάλαττα
2289:
2173:
2168:
2159:Persian leopard
2157:The endangered
2130:Asiatic cheetah
1912:Gobio volgensis
1792:beluga sturgeon
1681:
1658:Tertiary period
1649:Nelumbo caspica
1646:and the native
1635:water pollution
1587:
1582:
1580:Flora and fauna
1563:desertification
1513:
1499:A study by the
1405:
1377:
1346:mountain ranges
1235:
1189:tectonic uplift
1141:
1136:
1120:
1118:
1106:
1104:
1101:(its east part)
1092:
1090:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1018:
1016:
1013:
998:
996:
985:
983:
980:
975:
970:
968:Basin countries
773:
744:Tehran province
712:
700:desertification
673:on Earth after
611:Iranian Plateau
603:Southern Russia
579:endorheic basin
518:Bandar-e Anzali
377: countries
314:Primary inflows
283:
281:
277:
274:
269:
266:
264:
262:
261:
233:
232:
231:
230:
227:
226:
225:
224:
223:
219:
202:
201:
200:
197:
196:
195:
194:
193:
189:
172:
171:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:
163:
159:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
129:
107:
82:Каспийское море
72:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
14297:
14287:
14286:
14281:
14276:
14271:
14266:
14261:
14256:
14251:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14231:
14226:
14221:
14216:
14211:
14206:
14201:
14196:
14191:
14186:
14181:
14176:
14171:
14166:
14164:Eutrophication
14161:
14156:
14151:
14146:
14141:
14136:
14131:
14114:
14113:
14111:
14110:
14100:
14085:
14082:
14081:
14078:
14077:
14075:
14074:
14069:
14068:
14067:
14057:
14056:
14055:
14045:
14044:
14043:
14032:
14030:
14026:
14025:
14023:
14022:
14021:
14020:
14008:
14006:
14000:
13999:
13997:
13996:
13991:
13986:
13981:
13976:
13971:
13966:
13961:
13960:
13959:
13949:
13944:
13939:
13934:
13928:
13926:
13920:
13919:
13917:
13916:
13911:
13906:
13905:
13904:
13899:
13889:
13884:
13879:
13878:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13857:
13852:
13846:
13840:
13834:
13833:
13831:
13830:
13829:
13828:
13818:
13813:
13808:
13803:
13798:
13793:
13787:
13785:
13779:
13778:
13776:
13775:
13774:
13773:
13768:
13766:Rail transport
13763:
13761:Railway system
13753:
13745:
13740:
13735:
13730:
13725:
13720:
13715:
13710:
13705:
13700:
13694:
13692:
13686:
13685:
13682:
13681:
13679:
13678:
13673:
13668:
13663:
13657:
13655:
13649:
13648:
13646:
13645:
13640:
13635:
13634:
13633:
13623:
13618:
13613:
13608:
13603:
13597:
13595:
13589:
13588:
13586:
13585:
13584:
13583:
13557:
13556:
13555:
13550:
13540:
13535:
13534:
13533:
13523:
13522:
13521:
13511:
13506:
13500:
13498:
13492:
13491:
13489:
13488:
13483:
13481:Deputy Premier
13478:
13473:
13472:
13471:
13464:Heads of state
13460:
13458:
13454:
13453:
13451:
13450:
13449:
13448:
13438:
13432:
13429:Supreme Soviet
13426:
13420:
13419:
13418:
13413:
13412:
13411:
13406:
13396:
13391:
13380:
13378:
13374:
13373:
13371:
13370:
13365:
13364:
13363:
13358:
13353:
13346:State ideology
13343:
13338:
13333:
13328:
13327:
13326:
13316:
13311:
13306:
13305:
13304:
13294:
13293:
13292:
13282:
13277:
13276:
13275:
13265:
13260:
13259:
13258:
13253:
13242:
13240:
13233:
13227:
13226:
13223:
13222:
13220:
13219:
13214:
13212:Ural Mountains
13209:
13204:
13202:North Caucasus
13199:
13194:
13189:
13183:
13181:
13177:
13176:
13174:
13173:
13168:
13163:
13162:
13161:
13151:
13146:
13145:
13144:
13133:
13131:
13122:
13116:
13115:
13113:
13112:
13107:
13102:
13097:
13092:
13087:
13082:
13077:
13072:
13067:
13062:
13057:
13052:
13047:
13046:
13045:
13040:
13029:
13024:
13019:
13014:
13009:
13004:
12999:
12998:
12997:
12992:
12982:
12976:
12974:
12968:
12967:
12959:
12958:
12951:
12944:
12936:
12927:
12926:
12924:
12923:
12918:
12911:
12910:
12902:
12901:
12898:
12897:
12894:
12893:
12891:
12890:
12885:
12884:
12883:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12817:
12816:
12811:
12806:
12796:
12791:
12786:
12781:
12776:
12771:
12766:
12761:
12756:
12751:
12746:
12741:
12736:
12731:
12726:
12721:
12716:
12711:
12706:
12705:
12704:
12694:
12689:
12684:
12679:
12674:
12669:
12663:
12661:
12655:
12654:
12652:
12651:
12650:
12649:
12639:
12634:
12629:
12624:
12619:
12614:
12609:
12604:
12599:
12594:
12589:
12584:
12579:
12574:
12569:
12564:
12563:
12562:
12557:
12547:
12546:
12545:
12535:
12534:
12533:
12528:
12523:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12463:
12458:
12453:
12448:
12443:
12438:
12433:
12428:
12422:
12416:
12410:
12409:
12406:
12405:
12403:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12372:
12367:
12365:Space industry
12362:
12357:
12352:
12351:
12350:
12340:
12332:
12327:
12322:
12317:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12297:
12292:
12287:
12282:
12277:
12272:
12267:
12262:
12257:
12252:
12246:
12240:
12234:
12233:
12230:
12229:
12227:
12226:
12221:
12216:
12211:
12206:
12204:Urban planning
12201:
12196:
12191:
12186:
12181:
12176:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12101:
12096:
12091:
12086:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12056:
12051:
12041:
12039:Federal budget
12036:
12031:
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11990:
11984:
11978:
11977:
11974:
11973:
11971:
11970:
11965:
11960:
11955:
11950:
11948:North Caucasus
11945:
11944:
11943:
11938:
11933:
11923:
11922:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11901:
11900:
11899:
11889:
11884:
11882:Highest points
11879:
11874:
11869:
11864:
11859:
11858:
11857:
11852:
11847:
11842:
11837:
11827:
11825:Extreme points
11822:
11821:
11820:
11810:
11805:
11800:
11795:
11789:
11783:
11777:
11776:
11773:
11772:
11770:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11718:
11716:
11712:
11711:
11709:
11708:
11707:
11706:
11696:
11695:
11694:
11689:
11684:
11674:
11673:
11672:
11667:
11657:
11652:
11651:
11650:
11640:
11638:Russian Empire
11635:
11634:
11633:
11623:
11618:
11617:
11616:
11611:
11606:
11598:
11593:
11588:
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11562:
11560:
11551:
11545:
11544:
11542: articles
11536:
11535:
11528:
11521:
11513:
11504:
11503:
11501:
11500:
11495:
11488:
11487:
11480:
11473:
11465:
11464:
11461:
11460:
11457:
11456:
11454:
11453:
11448:
11443:
11437:
11435:
11429:
11428:
11426:
11425:
11420:
11419:
11418:
11408:
11403:
11398:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11372:
11370:
11364:
11363:
11361:
11360:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11335:
11330:
11325:
11320:
11315:
11310:
11305:
11300:
11295:
11290:
11285:
11280:
11275:
11270:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11239:
11233:
11227:
11226:
11223:
11222:
11220:
11219:
11214:
11209:
11204:
11199:
11194:
11189:
11184:
11179:
11174:
11169:
11164:
11158:
11152:
11146:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11138:
11133:
11131:Prime Minister
11128:
11123:
11118:
11113:
11108:
11103:
11098:
11097:
11096:
11091:
11081:
11076:
11071:
11066:
11060:
11058:
11049:
11043:
11042:
11039:
11038:
11036:
11035:
11030:
11025:
11020:
11014:
11012:
11006:
11005:
11003:
11002:
10997:
10995:State reserves
10992:
10987:
10982:
10980:National parks
10977:
10972:
10971:
10970:
10965:
10955:
10950:
10945:
10943:Extreme points
10940:
10939:
10938:
10928:
10923:
10922:
10921:
10919:Climate change
10911:
10906:
10900:
10894:
10888:
10887:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10871:
10866:
10860:
10858:
10854:
10853:
10851:
10850:
10845:
10840:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10820:
10815:
10810:
10804:
10802:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10794:
10789:
10784:
10779:
10774:
10769:
10764:
10759:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10708:
10706:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10698:
10693:
10688:
10683:
10678:
10673:
10668:
10663:
10658:
10656:Mughan culture
10653:
10648:
10643:
10638:
10633:
10628:
10622:
10620:
10613:
10607:
10606:
10595:
10594:
10587:
10580:
10572:
10563:
10562:
10560:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10432:Ulken Torangyl
10429:
10424:
10422:Ulken Shabakty
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10402:Ulken Azhbolat
10399:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10374:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10349:
10344:
10339:
10334:
10329:
10324:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10224:
10219:
10214:
10209:
10204:
10199:
10194:
10189:
10184:
10179:
10174:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10139:
10134:
10129:
10124:
10119:
10114:
10109:
10104:
10099:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9972:Kishi Torangyl
9969:
9964:
9962:Kishi Shabakty
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9844:
9839:
9834:
9829:
9824:
9819:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9794:
9789:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9729:
9724:
9722:Balykty Sarkyl
9719:
9714:
9709:
9704:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9678:
9677:
9672:
9667:
9657:
9652:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9602:
9596:
9593:
9592:
9578:
9577:
9570:
9563:
9555:
9546:
9545:
9543:
9542:
9530:
9515:
9512:
9511:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9492:
9490:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9461:
9459:
9453:
9452:
9450:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9409:
9404:
9399:
9397:Sea of Okhotsk
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9377:Philippine Sea
9374:
9369:
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9342:Gulf of Tonkin
9339:
9334:
9332:Gulf of Panama
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9312:Gulf of Anadyr
9309:
9307:Gulf of Alaska
9304:
9302:East China Sea
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9243:
9241:
9235:
9234:
9232:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9150:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9139:
9138:
9133:
9131:Tyrrhenian Sea
9128:
9123:
9121:Sea of Marmara
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9083:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9043:
9038:
9033:
9028:
9023:
9018:
9013:
9011:Gulf of Mexico
9008:
9003:
8998:
8996:Gulf of Guinea
8993:
8988:
8983:
8978:
8973:
8968:
8963:
8958:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8936:Bay of Bothnia
8933:
8928:
8923:
8918:
8913:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8882:
8880:
8878:Atlantic Ocean
8874:
8873:
8871:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8845:
8840:
8835:
8830:
8825:
8820:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8794:
8792:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8730:Cosmonauts Sea
8727:
8722:
8717:
8711:
8709:
8703:
8702:
8687:
8686:
8679:
8672:
8664:
8655:
8654:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8549:Nordvestinskiy
8546:
8541:
8536:
8534:Morskoy Setnoy
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8486:
8481:
8476:
8471:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8451:
8449:Bolshoy Setnoy
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8405:
8402:
8401:
8399:
8398:
8388:
8378:
8368:
8358:
8347:
8344:
8343:
8336:
8335:
8328:
8321:
8313:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8300:
8298:Physical Earth
8281:
8278:
8277:
8275:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8228:
8226:
8220:
8219:
8217:
8216:
8211:
8205:
8203:
8197:
8196:
8194:
8193:
8188:
8183:
8178:
8172:
8170:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8149:
8148:
8137:
8135:
8128:
8127:
8125:
8124:
8119:
8118:
8117:
8112:
8110:Mariana Trench
8107:
8097:
8092:
8090:Atlantic Ocean
8087:
8082:
8081:
8080:
8069:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8053:
8051:Southern Ocean
8048:
8047:
8046:
8041:
8039:East China Sea
8031:
8030:
8029:
8019:
8018:
8017:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7973:Atlantic Ocean
7970:
7964:
7962:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7951:
7950:
7949:
7944:
7934:
7933:
7932:
7927:
7917:
7912:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7878:
7872:
7870:
7860:
7854:
7853:
7850:
7849:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7844:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7819:
7814:
7809:
7808:
7807:
7802:
7791:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7780:
7779:
7777:Remote Oceania
7774:
7769:
7764:
7759:
7758:
7757:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7712:
7710:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7695:
7694:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7650:
7649:
7647:Western Canada
7644:
7639:
7637:Eastern Canada
7634:
7632:Central Canada
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7513:
7511:
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7491:
7486:
7481:
7480:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7459:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7455:
7445:
7444:
7443:
7433:
7432:
7431:
7421:
7416:
7406:
7405:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7367:
7366:
7365:
7360:
7355:
7354:
7353:
7348:
7346:South Caucasus
7343:
7341:North Caucasus
7333:
7323:
7317:
7315:
7309:
7308:
7306:
7305:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7281:
7280:
7279:
7274:
7264:
7263:
7262:
7252:
7251:
7250:
7248:South Caucasus
7240:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7208:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7191:
7186:
7185:
7184:
7179:
7169:
7168:
7167:
7166:
7165:
7150:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7142:
7141:
7126:
7125:
7124:
7119:
7117:Aralkum Desert
7114:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7090:
7089:
7087:
7086:
7085:
7084:
7074:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7056:
7054:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7044:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7015:
7005:
7004:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6971:
6965:
6963:
6954:
6948:
6947:
6945:
6944:
6943:
6942:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6916:
6915:
6908:Africa-Eurasia
6904:
6902:
6896:
6895:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6861:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6849:
6848:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6822:
6817:
6812:
6807:
6801:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6777:
6776:
6769:
6762:
6754:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6722:Chisholm, Hugh
6706:
6705:External links
6703:
6700:
6699:
6675:
6639:
6607:
6577:
6547:
6517:
6491:
6462:
6432:
6396:
6380:Foreign Policy
6367:
6340:
6314:
6283:
6252:
6232:
6209:
6185:
6155:
6140:. 1 May 2018.
6125:
6099:
6062:
6032:
6002:
5972:
5942:
5912:
5893:
5870:
5840:
5810:
5791:
5769:
5750:
5730:
5711:
5691:
5676:
5646:
5629:
5606:
5580:
5554:
5542:on 3 June 2009
5527:
5508:
5459:
5432:
5378:
5348:
5335:
5305:
5272:
5241:
5205:
5175:
5145:
5115:
5096:
5076:
5046:
5001:
4975:
4945:
4909:
4870:
4844:
4814:
4784:
4765:
4759:. Birkhäuser.
4745:
4726:
4703:
4676:(1): 552–556.
4660:
4641:
4618:
4588:
4549:
4519:
4453:
4442:
4391:
4378:
4365:
4346:
4333:
4314:
4294:
4263:
4233:
4207:
4188:
4136:
4107:
4049:
4023:
4004:
3984:
3935:
3897:
3867:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3740:
3739:
3738:
3722:
3719:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3602:
3533:
3532:Transportation
3530:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3450:
3447:
3422:Main article:
3419:
3416:
3403:
3402:Caspian Summit
3400:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3292:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3263:
3260:
3250:
3247:
3237:revealed that
3179:
3176:
3145:, and the Don–
3128:
3125:
3093:In 1994, the "
2994:
2991:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2842:
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2825:
2820:
2815:
2807:
2806:
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2800:
2789:
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2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
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2716:
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2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2627:Gonbad-e Kavus
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2562:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2540:
2531:
2521:
2515:
2510:
2508:Atil, Khazaria
2505:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2480:Gilan Province
2473:
2463:
2455:
2452:
2435:
2432:
2411:
2408:
2384:
2381:
2375:Later, in the
2372:
2369:
2365:Timurid Empire
2327:Kamarband cave
2288:
2285:
2280:Vasily Surikov
2243:. In the late
2227:pushed up the
2211:noted for its
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2137:
2103:Caspian tigers
2029:European perch
1824:lagoon cockles
1701:Caspian turtle
1689:tadpole gobies
1680:
1677:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1559:global warming
1512:
1509:
1505:climate change
1437:combined. The
1428:brackish water
1404:
1401:
1376:
1373:
1352:in the region.
1275:Chechen Island
1234:
1231:
1191:and a fall in
1173:Paratethys Sea
1149:Paratethys Sea
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1116:
1102:
1088:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1012:
1009:
1008:
1007:
994:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
885:دریای مازندران
877:Mazandaran Sea
832:Kaspiy dengizi
711:
708:
696:global warming
607:Eastern Europe
589:: east of the
557:
556:
548:
547:
545:
541:
540:
524:(Kazakhstan),
516:(Azerbaijan),
511:
507:
506:
501:
495:
494:
491:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
465:
464:
461:
457:
456:
453:
449:
448:
445:
441:
440:
437:
433:
432:
429:
425:
424:
421:
417:
416:
413:
412:
399:(specifically
378:
371:
370:
367:
365:Catchment area
361:
360:
358:Kara-Bogaz-Gol
351:
343:
342:
317:
309:
308:
298:
292:
291:
259:
253:
252:
242:Eastern Europe
239:
235:
234:
221:
220:
213:
212:
206:
205:
204:
203:
191:
190:
183:
182:
176:
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160:
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146:
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143:
131:
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123:
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116:
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112:
109:
108:
101:
93:
92:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
14296:
14285:
14282:
14280:
14277:
14275:
14272:
14270:
14267:
14265:
14262:
14260:
14257:
14255:
14252:
14250:
14247:
14245:
14242:
14240:
14239:Lakes of Iran
14237:
14235:
14232:
14230:
14227:
14225:
14222:
14220:
14217:
14215:
14212:
14210:
14207:
14205:
14202:
14200:
14197:
14195:
14192:
14190:
14187:
14185:
14182:
14180:
14177:
14175:
14172:
14170:
14167:
14165:
14162:
14160:
14157:
14155:
14152:
14150:
14147:
14145:
14142:
14140:
14137:
14135:
14134:Ancient lakes
14132:
14130:
14127:
14126:
14124:
14109:
14101:
14099:
14098:
14087:
14086:
14083:
14073:
14070:
14066:
14063:
14062:
14061:
14058:
14054:
14051:
14050:
14049:
14046:
14042:
14039:
14038:
14037:
14034:
14033:
14031:
14027:
14019:
14016:
14015:
14013:
14010:
14009:
14007:
14005:
14001:
13995:
13992:
13990:
13987:
13985:
13982:
13980:
13977:
13975:
13972:
13970:
13969:Printed media
13967:
13965:
13962:
13958:
13955:
13954:
13953:
13950:
13948:
13945:
13943:
13940:
13938:
13935:
13933:
13930:
13929:
13927:
13925:
13921:
13915:
13912:
13910:
13907:
13903:
13902:Cyrillisation
13900:
13898:
13895:
13894:
13893:
13890:
13888:
13885:
13883:
13880:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13870:Working class
13868:
13866:
13865:Soviet people
13863:
13862:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13847:
13844:
13841:
13839:
13835:
13827:
13824:
13823:
13822:
13819:
13817:
13814:
13812:
13809:
13807:
13804:
13802:
13799:
13797:
13794:
13792:
13789:
13788:
13786:
13784:
13780:
13772:
13769:
13767:
13764:
13762:
13759:
13758:
13757:
13754:
13752:
13746:
13744:
13741:
13739:
13736:
13734:
13731:
13729:
13726:
13724:
13721:
13719:
13716:
13714:
13713:Energy policy
13711:
13709:
13706:
13704:
13701:
13699:
13696:
13695:
13693:
13691:
13687:
13677:
13674:
13672:
13669:
13667:
13664:
13662:
13659:
13658:
13656:
13654:
13650:
13644:
13641:
13639:
13636:
13632:
13629:
13628:
13627:
13624:
13622:
13619:
13617:
13614:
13612:
13609:
13607:
13604:
13602:
13599:
13598:
13596:
13594:
13590:
13582:
13578:
13574:
13570:
13566:
13563:
13562:
13561:
13558:
13554:
13551:
13549:
13546:
13545:
13544:
13541:
13539:
13536:
13532:
13529:
13528:
13527:
13524:
13520:
13517:
13516:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13501:
13499:
13497:
13493:
13487:
13484:
13482:
13479:
13477:
13474:
13470:
13467:
13466:
13465:
13462:
13461:
13459:
13455:
13447:
13444:
13443:
13442:
13441:Supreme Court
13439:
13436:
13433:
13430:
13427:
13424:
13421:
13417:
13414:
13410:
13407:
13405:
13402:
13401:
13400:
13397:
13395:
13392:
13390:
13387:
13386:
13385:
13382:
13381:
13379:
13375:
13369:
13366:
13362:
13359:
13357:
13354:
13352:
13349:
13348:
13347:
13344:
13342:
13339:
13337:
13334:
13332:
13329:
13325:
13322:
13321:
13320:
13317:
13315:
13312:
13310:
13307:
13303:
13300:
13299:
13298:
13295:
13291:
13288:
13287:
13286:
13283:
13281:
13278:
13274:
13271:
13270:
13269:
13266:
13264:
13261:
13257:
13254:
13252:
13249:
13248:
13247:
13244:
13243:
13241:
13237:
13234:
13232:
13228:
13218:
13215:
13213:
13210:
13208:
13205:
13203:
13200:
13198:
13195:
13193:
13190:
13188:
13185:
13184:
13182:
13178:
13172:
13169:
13167:
13164:
13160:
13157:
13156:
13155:
13152:
13150:
13147:
13143:
13140:
13139:
13138:
13135:
13134:
13132:
13130:
13126:
13123:
13121:
13117:
13111:
13108:
13106:
13103:
13101:
13098:
13096:
13093:
13091:
13088:
13086:
13083:
13081:
13078:
13076:
13073:
13071:
13068:
13066:
13063:
13061:
13058:
13056:
13053:
13051:
13048:
13044:
13043:The Holocaust
13041:
13039:
13036:
13035:
13033:
13030:
13028:
13025:
13023:
13020:
13018:
13015:
13013:
13010:
13008:
13005:
13003:
13000:
12996:
12993:
12991:
12988:
12987:
12986:
12983:
12981:
12978:
12977:
12975:
12973:
12969:
12964:
12957:
12952:
12950:
12945:
12943:
12938:
12937:
12934:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12914:
12913:
12908:
12904:
12903:
12899:
12889:
12886:
12882:
12879:
12878:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12871:Seven Wonders
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12836:Playing cards
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12815:
12812:
12810:
12807:
12805:
12802:
12801:
12800:
12797:
12795:
12792:
12790:
12787:
12785:
12782:
12780:
12777:
12775:
12772:
12770:
12767:
12765:
12762:
12760:
12757:
12755:
12752:
12750:
12747:
12745:
12742:
12740:
12737:
12735:
12732:
12730:
12727:
12725:
12722:
12720:
12717:
12715:
12712:
12710:
12707:
12703:
12700:
12699:
12698:
12695:
12693:
12690:
12688:
12685:
12683:
12680:
12678:
12675:
12673:
12670:
12668:
12665:
12664:
12662:
12660:
12656:
12648:
12645:
12644:
12643:
12640:
12638:
12635:
12633:
12630:
12628:
12625:
12623:
12620:
12618:
12615:
12613:
12610:
12608:
12605:
12603:
12600:
12598:
12595:
12593:
12590:
12588:
12585:
12583:
12580:
12578:
12575:
12573:
12570:
12568:
12565:
12561:
12558:
12556:
12553:
12552:
12551:
12548:
12544:
12541:
12540:
12539:
12536:
12532:
12531:Mental health
12529:
12527:
12524:
12522:
12519:
12518:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12491:Ethnic groups
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12467:
12464:
12462:
12459:
12457:
12454:
12452:
12449:
12447:
12444:
12442:
12439:
12437:
12434:
12432:
12429:
12427:
12424:
12423:
12420:
12417:
12415:
12411:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12376:
12373:
12371:
12368:
12366:
12363:
12361:
12358:
12356:
12353:
12349:
12346:
12345:
12344:
12341:
12339:
12333:
12331:
12328:
12326:
12323:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12296:
12293:
12291:
12288:
12286:
12283:
12281:
12278:
12276:
12273:
12271:
12268:
12266:
12263:
12261:
12258:
12256:
12253:
12251:
12248:
12247:
12244:
12241:
12239:
12235:
12225:
12222:
12220:
12217:
12215:
12212:
12210:
12207:
12205:
12202:
12200:
12197:
12195:
12194:Civil defense
12192:
12190:
12187:
12185:
12182:
12180:
12177:
12175:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12139:Media freedom
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12102:
12100:
12097:
12095:
12092:
12090:
12087:
12084:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12067:
12064:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12049:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12024:Criminal code
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12004:Civil Service
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11991:
11988:
11985:
11983:
11979:
11969:
11966:
11964:
11961:
11959:
11956:
11954:
11951:
11949:
11946:
11942:
11939:
11937:
11934:
11932:
11929:
11928:
11927:
11924:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11910:
11907:
11906:
11905:
11902:
11898:
11895:
11894:
11893:
11890:
11888:
11885:
11883:
11880:
11878:
11875:
11873:
11870:
11868:
11865:
11863:
11860:
11856:
11853:
11851:
11848:
11846:
11843:
11841:
11838:
11836:
11833:
11832:
11831:
11828:
11826:
11823:
11819:
11816:
11815:
11814:
11811:
11809:
11806:
11804:
11801:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11790:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11778:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11719:
11717:
11713:
11705:
11702:
11701:
11700:
11697:
11693:
11690:
11688:
11685:
11683:
11680:
11679:
11678:
11675:
11671:
11668:
11666:
11665:Russian state
11663:
11662:
11661:
11658:
11656:
11653:
11649:
11646:
11645:
11644:
11641:
11639:
11636:
11632:
11629:
11628:
11627:
11624:
11622:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11610:
11607:
11605:
11602:
11601:
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11564:
11563:
11561:
11559:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11546:
11541:
11534:
11529:
11527:
11522:
11520:
11515:
11514:
11511:
11499:
11496:
11494:
11491:
11490:
11485:
11481:
11478:
11474:
11471:
11467:
11466:
11462:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11438:
11436:
11434:
11430:
11424:
11421:
11417:
11414:
11413:
11412:
11409:
11407:
11404:
11402:
11399:
11397:
11394:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11373:
11371:
11369:
11365:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11324:
11321:
11319:
11316:
11314:
11311:
11309:
11306:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11294:
11291:
11289:
11286:
11284:
11281:
11279:
11276:
11274:
11271:
11268:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11249:
11246:
11244:
11241:
11240:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11228:
11218:
11215:
11213:
11210:
11208:
11205:
11203:
11200:
11198:
11195:
11193:
11190:
11188:
11185:
11183:
11180:
11178:
11175:
11173:
11170:
11168:
11165:
11163:
11160:
11159:
11156:
11153:
11151:
11147:
11137:
11134:
11132:
11129:
11127:
11124:
11122:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11107:
11104:
11102:
11099:
11095:
11092:
11090:
11087:
11086:
11085:
11082:
11080:
11077:
11075:
11072:
11070:
11067:
11065:
11062:
11061:
11059:
11057:
11053:
11050:
11048:
11044:
11034:
11031:
11029:
11026:
11024:
11021:
11019:
11016:
11015:
11013:
11011:
11007:
11001:
10998:
10996:
10993:
10991:
10988:
10986:
10983:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10969:
10966:
10964:
10961:
10960:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10944:
10941:
10937:
10934:
10933:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10920:
10917:
10916:
10915:
10912:
10910:
10907:
10905:
10902:
10901:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10889:
10884:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10861:
10859:
10855:
10849:
10846:
10844:
10841:
10839:
10838:Black January
10836:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10805:
10803:
10799:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10783:
10780:
10778:
10775:
10773:
10770:
10768:
10765:
10763:
10760:
10758:
10757:Afsharid Iran
10755:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10712:Sajid dynasty
10710:
10709:
10707:
10703:
10697:
10694:
10692:
10689:
10687:
10684:
10682:
10679:
10677:
10674:
10672:
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10654:
10652:
10649:
10647:
10644:
10642:
10639:
10637:
10634:
10632:
10629:
10627:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10617:
10614:
10612:
10608:
10604:
10600:
10593:
10588:
10586:
10581:
10579:
10574:
10573:
10570:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10407:Ulken Kamkaly
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10378:
10375:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10353:
10350:
10348:
10345:
10343:
10340:
10338:
10335:
10333:
10330:
10328:
10325:
10323:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10237:Sholakshalkar
10235:
10233:
10230:
10228:
10225:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10215:
10213:
10210:
10208:
10205:
10203:
10200:
10198:
10195:
10193:
10190:
10188:
10185:
10183:
10180:
10178:
10175:
10173:
10170:
10168:
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10138:
10135:
10133:
10130:
10128:
10125:
10123:
10120:
10118:
10115:
10113:
10110:
10108:
10105:
10103:
10100:
10098:
10095:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9843:
9840:
9838:
9835:
9833:
9830:
9828:
9825:
9823:
9820:
9818:
9815:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9793:
9790:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9728:
9725:
9723:
9720:
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9708:
9705:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9676:
9673:
9671:
9668:
9666:
9663:
9662:
9661:
9658:
9656:
9653:
9651:
9648:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9610:Akkol (Talas)
9608:
9606:
9603:
9601:
9598:
9597:
9594:
9590:
9585:
9576:
9571:
9569:
9564:
9562:
9557:
9556:
9553:
9541:
9540:
9531:
9529:
9528:
9523:
9517:
9516:
9513:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9487:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9462:
9460:
9458:
9454:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9408:
9405:
9403:
9400:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9347:Halmahera Sea
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9240:
9239:Pacific Ocean
9236:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9209:Laccadive Sea
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9194:Gulf of Kutch
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9184:Gulf of Aqaba
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9164:Bay of Bengal
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9151:
9149:
9147:
9143:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9091:Norwegian Sea
9089:
9087:
9084:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9061:Levantine Sea
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9044:
9042:
9039:
9037:
9034:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9016:Gulf of Sidra
9014:
9012:
9009:
9007:
9006:Gulf of Maine
9004:
9002:
8999:
8997:
8994:
8992:
8989:
8987:
8984:
8982:
8981:Greenland Sea
8979:
8977:
8974:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8961:Caribbean Sea
8959:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8931:Bay of Biscay
8929:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8911:Argentine Sea
8909:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8883:
8881:
8879:
8875:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8844:
8841:
8839:
8836:
8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8824:
8823:Greenland Sea
8821:
8819:
8816:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8798:Amundsen Gulf
8796:
8795:
8793:
8791:
8787:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8740:D'Urville Sea
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8704:
8700:
8696:
8692:
8685:
8680:
8678:
8673:
8671:
8666:
8665:
8662:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8485:
8482:
8480:
8479:Chistoy Banki
8477:
8475:
8472:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8406:
8403:
8395:
8389:
8385:
8379:
8375:
8369:
8365:
8359:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8345:
8341:
8334:
8329:
8327:
8322:
8320:
8315:
8314:
8311:
8299:
8295:
8291:
8283:
8282:
8279:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8229:
8227:
8225:
8221:
8215:
8212:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8198:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8184:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8173:
8171:
8169:
8165:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8142:
8139:
8138:
8136:
8134:
8129:
8123:
8120:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8100:Pacific Ocean
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8062:
8052:
8049:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8034:Pacific Ocean
8032:
8028:
8025:
8024:
8023:
8020:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7988:Caribbean Sea
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7963:
7961:
7956:
7948:
7945:
7943:
7940:
7939:
7938:
7935:
7931:
7930:by population
7928:
7926:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7904:
7903:South America
7901:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7887:
7886:North America
7884:
7883:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7873:
7871:
7869:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7855:
7843:
7840:
7839:
7838:
7837:Southern Cone
7835:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7823:
7820:
7818:
7815:
7813:
7812:Andean States
7810:
7806:
7803:
7801:
7798:
7797:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7790:
7788:
7787:South America
7784:
7778:
7775:
7773:
7770:
7768:
7765:
7763:
7760:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7744:
7741:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7718:
7717:
7714:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7705:
7699:
7696:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7681:
7680:
7677:
7676:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7544:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7509:North America
7506:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7490:
7487:
7485:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7472:Low Countries
7470:
7468:
7465:
7464:
7463:
7460:
7454:
7451:
7450:
7449:
7448:South-western
7446:
7442:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7436:South-eastern
7434:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7414:Mediterranean
7412:
7411:
7410:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7380:British Isles
7378:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7371:
7368:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7338:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7310:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7286:
7285:
7282:
7278:
7277:Levantine Sea
7275:
7273:
7270:
7269:
7268:
7265:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7256:
7253:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7244:
7241:
7239:
7236:
7235:
7234:
7231:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7213:
7212:
7209:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7196:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7170:
7164:
7161:
7160:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7154:
7151:
7147:
7144:
7140:
7137:
7136:
7135:
7132:
7131:
7130:
7127:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7099:
7097:
7095:
7091:
7083:
7080:
7079:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7009:
7006:
7000:
6997:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6987:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6969:Mediterranean
6967:
6966:
6964:
6962:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6949:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6918:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6909:
6906:
6905:
6903:
6901:
6897:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6827:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6811:
6808:
6806:
6803:
6802:
6800:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6775:
6770:
6768:
6763:
6761:
6756:
6755:
6752:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6729:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6709:
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3021:and the U.S.
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2959:sixth largest
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2351:Ancient Greek
2348:
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2301:Homo ergaster
2298:
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2245:Pontian stage
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2181:Emanuel Bowen
2177:
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2152:Caspian tiger
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2046:species, the
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2021:northern pike
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
2001:European chub
1998:
1994:
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1986:
1982:
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1961:Prussian carp
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1876:Hyrcanogobius
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1764:baleen whales
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1596:
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1577:
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1565:, causing an
1564:
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1544:mud volcanoes
1540:
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1331:Central Asian
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1317:, as did the
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1216:Mediterranean
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868:
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856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
838:
829:
824:
823:Kaspiy deñizi
818:
812:Каспий деңизи
809:
805:
804:Kaspiy teñizi
799:Каспий теңізі
796:it is called
795:
790:
788:
780:
776:
771:
770:
759:
758:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
736:Caspian Gates
733:
729:
725:
721:
720:Transcaucasia
717:
707:
705:
702:, causing an
701:
697:
692:
688:
687:Lake Superior
682:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
567:body of water
564:
554:
549:
546:
542:
538:
537:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
508:
505:
502:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
444:Average depth
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
379:
376:
372:
368:
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359:
355:
352:
350:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
318:
316:
310:
306:
302:
299:
297:
293:
288:
279:42.0°N 50.5°E
260:
254:
251:
247:
243:
240:
236:
210:
180:
150:
120:
110:
105:
99:
94:
87:
79:
75:
69:Каспий теңізі
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
33:
30:
19:
14088:
13860:Demographics
13850:Antisemitism
13703:Central Bank
13621:Forced labor
13569:Spetsnaz GRU
13389:organisation
13297:Human rights
13246:Constitution
13186:
13129:Subdivisions
13007:Russian SFSR
12963:Soviet Union
12809:Coat of arms
12769:Martial arts
12677:Army culture
12667:Architecture
12637:Witch trials
12592:Prostitution
12538:Human rights
12471:Demographics
12385:Trade unions
12355:Shipbuilding
12315:Homelessness
12275:Central Bank
12270:Car industry
12109:Conservatism
12019:Constitution
12014:Conscription
11896:
11687:Eastern Bloc
11677:Soviet Union
11670:Russian SFSR
11600:Feudal Rus'
11484:Bibliography
11368:Demographics
11248:Architecture
11167:Central Bank
11084:Human rights
11069:Constitution
11010:Subdivisions
10908:
10767:Zand dynasty
10752:Safavid Iran
10742:Kara Koyunlu
10727:Shirvanshahs
10487:Zhalanashkol
10472:Zhaksykylysh
10417:Ulken Koskol
10212:Shalkarteniz
9987:Koksengirsor
9937:Kashkanteniz
9599:
9537:
9518:
9469:
9392:Sea of Japan
9267:Bismarck Sea
9219:Persian Gulf
9204:Gulf of Suez
9199:Gulf of Oman
9179:Gulf of Aden
9146:Indian Ocean
9126:Thracian Sea
9111:Sea of Crete
9101:Sea of Åland
9096:Sargasso Sea
9071:Ligurian Sea
9056:Labrador Sea
9046:Irminger Sea
9001:Gulf of Lion
8956:Bothnian Sea
8946:Bay of Fundy
8921:Balearic Sea
8886:Adriatic Sea
8808:Beaufort Sea
8790:Arctic Ocean
8715:Amundsen Sea
8339:
8296: /
8294:List of seas
8292: /
8257:Global South
8242:Global North
8176:Atlantic Rim
8115:Ring of Fire
8095:Indian Ocean
8085:Arctic Ocean
8027:Persian Gulf
8022:Indian Ocean
8003:Adriatic Sea
7968:Arctic Ocean
7800:Amazon Basin
7795:Amazon Plain
7767:Near Oceania
7567:Mid-Atlantic
7517:Aridoamerica
7477:Northwestern
7390:Northwestern
7363:Southeastern
7255:Greater Iran
7194:Southeastern
7189:Pacific Asia
7158:Pacific Asia
7146:Northeastern
7121:
7102:Asia–Pacific
6845:Fourth World
6835:Second World
6725:
6697:(2007-07-09)
6692:
6678:
6666:. Retrieved
6642:
6630:. Retrieved
6619:
6610:
6598:. Retrieved
6589:
6580:
6568:. Retrieved
6559:
6550:
6538:. Retrieved
6529:
6520:
6508:. Retrieved
6494:
6482:. Retrieved
6441:
6435:
6409:. Retrieved
6399:
6388:, retrieved
6379:
6370:
6358:. Retrieved
6352:. Azer.com.
6343:
6331:. Retrieved
6317:
6305:. Retrieved
6301:the original
6296:
6286:
6274:. Retrieved
6266:The Guardian
6265:
6255:
6235:
6207:(2001-10-25)
6204:
6188:
6176:. Retrieved
6167:
6158:
6146:. Retrieved
6137:
6128:
6116:. Retrieved
6102:
6090:. Retrieved
6083:the original
6078:
6065:
6053:. Retrieved
6044:
6035:
6023:. Retrieved
6014:
6005:
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5989:the original
5984:
5975:
5963:. Retrieved
5954:
5945:
5933:. Retrieved
5924:
5915:
5903:. Retrieved
5887:. Springer.
5883:
5861:. Retrieved
5852:
5843:
5831:. Retrieved
5822:
5813:
5794:
5760:. Retrieved
5740:
5733:
5721:. Retrieved
5701:
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5659:
5649:
5641:
5634:. Retrieved
5616:
5609:
5597:. Retrieved
5583:
5571:. Retrieved
5557:
5544:. Retrieved
5540:the original
5530:
5511:
5479:(1): 44–52.
5476:
5472:
5462:
5409:. Retrieved
5400:
5395:
5369:. Retrieved
5365:the original
5360:
5351:
5343:
5338:
5326:. Retrieved
5322:the original
5308:
5296:. Retrieved
5292:the original
5263:. Retrieved
5257:(4): 50–63.
5254:
5244:
5232:. Retrieved
5228:Academia.edu
5225:
5200:
5166:. Retrieved
5157:
5148:
5136:. Retrieved
5127:
5118:
5106:. Retrieved
5086:
5079:
5067:. Retrieved
5058:
5049:
5023:. Retrieved
5014:
5004:
4992:. Retrieved
4988:
4978:
4966:. Retrieved
4957:
4948:
4922:. Retrieved
4912:
4900:. Retrieved
4891:
4861:. Retrieved
4857:the original
4847:
4835:. Retrieved
4827:www.grida.no
4826:
4817:
4805:. Retrieved
4796:
4787:
4775:. Retrieved
4755:
4748:
4736:. Retrieved
4720:. Springer.
4716:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4651:. Retrieved
4631:
4609:. Retrieved
4605:the original
4601:Iran Gazette
4600:
4591:
4567:11 September
4565:. Retrieved
4540:. Retrieved
4531:
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4472:
4466:
4456:
4445:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4386:
4381:
4373:
4368:
4349:
4341:
4340:Max Vasmer,
4336:
4324:. Retrieved
4304:
4297:
4270:
4266:
4254:. Retrieved
4250:the original
4245:
4236:
4224:. Retrieved
4210:
4191:
4156:
4152:
4127:. Retrieved
4123:
4069:
4065:
4040:. Retrieved
4036:the original
4026:
4014:. Retrieved
3994:
3987:
3952:
3948:
3938:
3926:. Retrieved
3909:
3900:
3888:. Retrieved
3879:
3870:
3862:
3799:Tengiz Field
3735:Lakes portal
3683:
3660:
3649:
3618:
3593:, (formerly
3591:Turkmenistan
3573:
3562:
3535:
3452:
3444:
3436:
3427:
3412:
3405:
3393:
3390:
3378:
3370:
3356:
3345:
3305:
3302:Negotiations
3277:Turkmenistan
3265:
3233:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3184:Bulla Island
3181:
3168:
3151:Volga–Baltic
3130:
3107:
3092:
3088:Soviet Union
3081:
3062:
3039:Soviet Union
3012:
3007:Turkmenistan
2987:
2975:
2945:
2927:
2920:
2910:wealth. The
2900:Turkmenistan
2889:
2845:Turkmenistan
2597:Bandar-e-Gaz
2520:, Azerbaijan
2423:
2413:
2405:
2389:fossil fuels
2386:
2377:Tang dynasty
2374:
2361:Hafiz-i Abru
2359:
2346:
2321:
2317:Darband Cave
2297:Homo erectus
2290:
2276:Stenka Razin
2194:
2141:Asiatic lion
2134:Central Asia
2117:
2108:
2041:
2017:wels catfish
1993:common roach
1973:common bleak
1969:common bream
1957:crucian carp
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1900:Benthophilus
1898:
1892:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1852:Anatirostrum
1850:
1828:
1812:Arctic Ocean
1802:or even the
1784:beaked whale
1774:most likely
1753:
1741:seal species
1733:Pusa caspica
1732:
1729:Caspian seal
1725:Caspian tern
1721:Caspian gull
1709:zebra mussel
1704:
1698:
1693:Benthophilus
1692:
1662:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1612:
1604:
1571:
1556:
1541:
1526:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1463:
1455:closed basin
1432:
1421:
1378:
1354:
1350:biodiversity
1296:
1292:Persian Gulf
1288:
1267:Turkmenistan
1244:
1224:Garabogazköl
1185:Late Miocene
1164:
1162:
1025:Turkmenistan
955:
946:
939:
936:Abbacuch Sea
935:
933:
914:
899:
895:
893:
876:
874:
863:Hazar denizi
855:Xəzər dənizi
847:Hazar deňizi
835:
803:
791:
786:
766:
755:
751:
713:
683:
651:
647:Turkmenistan
615:Garabogazköl
599:Central Asia
562:
560:
533:
478:Shore length
460:Water volume
436:Surface area
393:Turkmenistan
301:Ancient lake
250:Central Asia
61:Hazar deňizi
53:Xəzər dənizi
45:Caspium mare
29:
18:Caspian seas
14129:Caspian Sea
13964:Phraseology
13909:Prohibition
13897:Linguistics
13882:Drug policy
13875:1989 census
13796:Cybernetics
13698:Agriculture
13611:Great Purge
13573:Soviet Navy
13565:Soviet Army
13437:(1989–1991)
13431:(1938–1991)
13425:(1922–1936)
13409:Secretariat
13280:Gun control
13187:Caspian Sea
13171:Closed city
13100:Dissolution
13085:Perestroika
13027:Great Purge
12861:tea culture
12714:Fairy tales
12577:Open access
12550:Immigration
12511:Gun control
12250:Agriculture
12219:Term limits
12129:Martial law
12124:Nationalism
12119:Irredentism
12114:Imperialism
11897:Caspian Sea
11813:Environment
11808:Earthquakes
11704:Union State
11692:Dissolution
11591:Kievan Rus'
11581:Early Slavs
11406:LGBT rights
11348:Tea culture
11162:Agriculture
10931:Environment
10926:Earthquakes
10909:Caspian Sea
10705:Middle Ages
10412:Ulken-Karoy
10287:Siletiteniz
10262:Shubarteniz
10187:Shaglyteniz
10127:Rudnichnoye
10022:Koshkar-Ata
10002:Kokuydynkol
9957:Kishi-Karoy
9882:Kamys-Samar
9837:Kabyrshakty
9600:Caspian Sea
9470:Caspian Sea
9442:Visayan Sea
9422:Solomon Sea
9417:Sibuyan Sea
9412:Shantar Sea
9367:Molucca Sea
9362:Mar de Grau
9292:Chilean Sea
9287:Celebes Sea
9282:Camotes Sea
9247:Arafura Sea
9159:Arabian Sea
9154:Andaman Sea
9106:Sea of Azov
9081:Myrtoan Sea
8896:Alboran Sea
8848:Pechora Sea
8843:Lincoln Sea
8813:Chukchi Sea
8803:Barents Sea
8780:Weddell Sea
8750:Lazarev Sea
8629:Kichik Zira
8599:Sangi-Mugan
8504:Kura Island
8499:Kichik Zira
8272:Global West
8232:Global East
8191:Pacific Rim
8133:waterbodies
8122:World Ocean
7947:New Zealand
7827:The Guianas
7716:Australasia
7659:West Indies
7582:New England
7562:Great Lakes
7532:Mesoamerica
7419:Middle East
7395:Scandinavia
7284:Middle East
7122:Caspian Sea
7028:Great Lakes
7008:Sub-Saharan
6994:Middle East
6857:Hemispheres
6840:Third World
6830:First World
6783:'s primary
6138:AzerNews.az
6055:11 December
5985:www.cia.gov
5925:www.imf.org
5833:19 December
5823:World Atlas
5621:(Paperback)
5265:20 February
5234:15 February
4542:25 February
4528:"Sea Facts"
4475:: 153–163.
4246:parssea.org
4196:Caspian Sea
3955:(1): 1–14.
3637:Sea of Azov
3595:Krasnovodsk
3587:Türkmenbaşy
3521:Terek River
3511:Sulak River
3501:Samur River
3471:Atrek River
3374:Lake Albert
3317:natural gas
3308:demarcation
3229:hydrocarbon
3207:Dick Cheney
3147:Sea of Azov
3113: [
3051:oil output.
2993:Oil and gas
2971:natural gas
2955:nominal GDP
2941:natural gas
2851:Türkmenbaşy
2838:Makhachkala
2553:Makhachkala
2383:Fossil fuel
2323:Neanderthal
2309:Azykh Caves
2209:Pleistocene
2084:Overfishing
1997:common rudd
1989:common dace
1981:white bream
1965:common carp
1924:Sabanejewia
1906:Clupeonella
1858:Caspiomyzon
1796:petroglyphs
1663:Since 2019
1627:Samur River
1619:Volga delta
1615:tidal areas
1529:fossil fuel
1517:Volga River
1447:evaporation
1439:Volga River
1435:Great Lakes
1387:(BSk), and
1315:Uzboy River
1299:Volga River
1167:, like the
947:Mar de Sala
927:it was the
851:Azerbaijani
563:Caspian Sea
530:Türkmenbaşy
526:Makhachkala
510:Settlements
420:Max. length
354:Evaporation
336:Haraz River
332:Terek River
320:Volga River
282: /
257:Coordinates
222:Caspian Sea
192:Caspian Sea
162:Caspian Sea
132:Caspian Sea
49:Azerbaijani
35:Caspian Sea
14123:Categories
14004:Opposition
13994:Television
13974:Propaganda
13947:Literature
13821:Naukograds
13816:Sharashkas
13750:(currency)
13728:Inventions
13671:Censorship
13601:Red Terror
13285:Government
13159:Autonomous
13142:Autonomous
13075:Stagnation
13038:Evacuation
12866:Television
12841:Philosophy
12774:Mass media
12764:Literature
12759:Inventions
12521:Healthcare
12456:Corruption
12446:Censorship
12337:(currency)
12214:Separatism
12159:Opposition
12144:Neo-Nazism
12134:Monarchism
12104:Liberalism
12099:Propaganda
12059:Government
11926:North Asia
11727:Journalism
11586:East Slavs
11576:Sarmatians
11396:Healthcare
11303:Literature
11187:Metallurgy
11056:Government
10813:March Days
10772:Qajar Iran
10747:Aq Qoyunlu
10732:Eldiguzids
10722:Shaddadids
10599:Azerbaijan
10397:Tyuntyugur
10247:Shoshkakol
10217:Shandaksor
10207:Shalkarkol
10132:Sabyndykol
10122:Meshkeysor
10017:Koryakovka
10012:Korgalzhyn
9997:Koktinkoli
9887:Kamyslybas
9877:Kamkalykol
9762:Big Almaty
9645:Altybaysor
9640:Alkamergen
9506:Superocean
9480:Salton Sea
9447:Yellow Sea
9437:Tasman Sea
9382:Salish Sea
9262:Bering Sea
9169:Flores Sea
9136:Wadden Sea
9066:Libyan Sea
9036:Ionian Sea
9031:Hudson Bay
8976:Foxe Basin
8966:Celtic Sea
8926:Baltic Sea
8916:Baffin Bay
8891:Aegean Sea
8863:Wandel Sea
8838:Laptev Sea
8770:Scotia Sea
8755:Mawson Sea
8484:Dashli ada
8454:Boyuk Zira
8013:Ionian Sea
8008:Aegean Sea
7978:Baltic Sea
7910:Antarctica
7762:Micronesia
7731:New Guinea
7689:Portuguese
7607:West Coast
7557:East Coast
7552:Bible Belt
7547:Appalachia
7226:Subregions
7134:Inner Asia
7052:Antarctica
6952:Continents
6925:Antarctica
6900:Landmasses
6810:Down Under
6805:Arab World
6789:subregions
6411:28 October
6268:. London.
6178:5 December
6148:5 December
6118:2 November
6092:5 December
5995:5 December
5965:5 December
5935:5 December
5636:2 December
5546:7 February
5361:Iran Daily
5328:19 January
5298:19 January
5059:www.zin.ru
5025:3 November
4924:30 October
4892:The Nation
4512:8 December
4401:Oceanology
4256:15 January
4016:17 January
3928:22 January
3890:22 January
3846:References
3686:Kazakhstan
3675:Kama River
3641:Baltic Sea
3574:Scheduled
3565:Kuma River
3491:Ural River
3481:Kura River
3465:Countries
3386:oil fields
3384:the sea's
3337:landlocked
3333:Baltic Sea
3283:Azerbaijan
3271:Kazakhstan
3136:Azerbaijan
3084:Bolsheviks
3073:Balakhanli
3047:Azerbaijan
3043:Kazakhstan
2973:globally.
2896:Kazakhstan
2892:Azerbaijan
2792:Kazakhstan
2719:Azerbaijan
2657:Mahmudabad
2534:Xacitarxan
2447:Azerbaijan
2335:Mazandaran
2213:glaciation
2205:Tethys Sea
2037:introduced
1953:Palearctic
1945:and three
1942:Mesogobius
1835:subspecies
1829:The sea's
1800:Quaternary
1673:Mazandaran
1476:, such as
1443:Ural River
1424:freshwater
1417:Kazakhstan
1395:(Csa) and
1357:Ogurja Ada
1307:Kura River
1303:Ural River
1271:Mangyshlak
1259:Kazakhstan
1251:Azerbaijan
1127:Uzbekistan
1045:Azerbaijan
992:Kazakhstan
910:Khwarezmia
738:, part of
679:Tanganyika
671:depression
639:Azerbaijan
631:Kazakhstan
544:References
528:(Russia),
452:Max. depth
428:Max. width
389:Kazakhstan
385:Azerbaijan
328:Kura River
324:Ural River
284:42.0; 50.5
14065:Republics
14053:Republics
14041:Republics
13892:Languages
13756:Transport
13638:Holodomor
13531:Militsiya
13469:President
13361:Stalinism
13263:Elections
13137:Republics
13120:Geography
13110:Nostalgia
13022:Stalinism
12724:Festivals
12617:Sociology
12567:Languages
12486:Education
12390:Transport
12224:Terrorism
12069:Judiciary
12063:Apparatus
12029:Elections
11994:Anarchism
11968:Far North
11919:Volcanoes
11904:Mountains
11781:Geography
11660:Civil war
11571:Scythians
11401:Languages
11376:Education
11318:Mythology
11243:Animation
11217:Transport
11172:Companies
11136:Migration
11126:President
11074:Elections
10985:Orography
10968:Mountains
10892:Geography
10737:Ilkhanate
10626:Stone Age
10557:Zhyngyldy
10552:Zholdybay
10547:Zhasylkol
10537:Zharagash
10482:Zhalanash
10477:Zhaksytuz
10322:Taldyaral
10312:Stanovoye
10307:Sormoildy
10272:Shureksor
10242:Sholaksor
10232:Shelegino
10227:Shchuchye
10222:Sharbakty
10137:Saryaydyn
10052:Kushmurun
9897:Karakaska
9872:Kalmakkol
9802:Bylkyldak
9712:Baitakkol
9692:Ashchykol
9630:Akzhaykyn
9402:Seram Sea
9372:Moro Gulf
9297:Coral Sea
9277:Bohol Sea
9272:Bohai Sea
9257:Banda Sea
9229:Timor Sea
9086:North Sea
9051:James Bay
9041:Irish Sea
8951:Black Sea
8868:White Sea
8775:Somov Sea
8735:Davis Sea
8564:Pirallahi
8509:Kura Rock
8429:Batkachny
8414:Ashuradeh
8409:Adsiz Ada
8209:Antarctic
7993:Irish Sea
7983:Black Sea
7942:Australia
7891:Caribbean
7868:continent
7842:Patagonia
7772:Polynesia
7750:Melanesia
7743:Zealandia
7721:Australia
7602:Southwest
7522:Caribbean
7299:Near East
6940:submerged
6935:Zealandia
6930:Australia
6820:Old World
6815:New World
6632:20 August
6560:Jamestown
6484:13 August
6458:152614480
6025:2 October
5905:3 October
5863:9 October
5762:3 October
5723:3 October
5686:134377831
5503:0024-3590
5421:cite book
4807:9 October
4698:129017738
4532:Casp Info
4507:134219493
4437:129203844
4429:0001-4370
4183:229357523
4159:(1): 69.
4094:1476-4687
4042:1 January
3979:154951201
3971:1879-3665
3918:0013-0613
3694:Black Sea
3633:Don River
3538:endorheic
3398:in 2014.
3396:Astrakhan
3341:waterways
3329:Black Sea
3262:Coastline
3159:White Sea
3155:North Sea
3127:Transport
3015:crude oil
2937:crude oil
2925:sources.
2868:Garabogaz
2828:Izberbash
2813:Astrakhan
2780:Oil Rocks
2765:Neftchala
2712:Tonekabon
2617:Fenderesk
2538:Astrakhan
2492:Astarabad
2241:Black Sea
2229:Kopet Dag
2225:West Asia
2217:Sarmatian
2145:Turkestan
1948:Neogobius
1887:(32) and
1885:cyprinids
1870:Ponticola
1847:taxonomic
1820:Black Sea
1818:, or the
1816:North Sea
1808:antiquity
1760:cetaceans
1713:Black Sea
1482:sea level
1470:Amu Darya
1451:ecosystem
1403:Hydrology
1327:sea level
1319:Syr Darya
1311:Amu Darya
1233:Geography
1209:evaporite
1193:sea level
1169:Black Sea
1157:pinnipeds
1153:cetaceans
1139:Formation
929:Hyrcanian
870:Khaganate
817:romanized
775:‹See Tfd›
763:بحر قزوين
710:Etymology
655:sea level
473:250 years
340:Sefid-Rud
305:Endorheic
246:West Asia
74:‹See Tfd›
14108:Category
13661:Religion
13548:Chairmen
13394:Congress
13356:Leninism
13336:Propiska
13231:Politics
13090:Glasnost
13050:Cold War
12990:February
12916:Category
12794:Nobility
12754:Internet
12749:Heraldry
12744:Graffiti
12729:Folklore
12672:Armorial
12602:Religion
12587:Polygamy
12526:HIV/AIDS
12506:Funerals
12496:Feminism
12466:Deafness
12451:Citizens
12441:Cannabis
12426:Abortion
12370:Taxation
12310:Gambling
12300:Forestry
12149:Military
11982:Politics
11963:Wildlife
11909:Caucasus
11872:Glaciers
11752:Military
11737:Internet
11715:By topic
11609:Vladimir
11604:Novgorod
11558:Timeline
11493:Category
11333:Religion
11298:Language
11288:Holidays
11283:Folklore
11121:Politics
11106:Military
11047:Politics
11000:Wildlife
10857:By topic
10603:articles
10492:Zhalauly
10377:Tuzdysor
10362:Toraigyr
10317:Taikonyr
10297:Sorbulak
10282:Shyganak
10277:Shybyndy
10147:Sasykkol
10142:Sarykopa
10117:Menkeser
10102:Markakol
10067:Kyzylkol
10062:Kyzylkak
10037:Kudaikol
10032:Kozhakol
10027:Koybagar
9982:Kobeituz
9947:Katynkol
9902:Karakoin
9867:Kalkaman
9827:Itishpes
9777:Botakara
9757:Bartogay
9742:Barakkol
9717:Balkhash
9702:Auliekol
9539:Category
9475:Dead Sea
9465:Aral Sea
9432:Sulu Sea
9387:Savu Sea
9357:Koro Sea
9352:Java Sea
9252:Bali Sea
8833:Kara Sea
8765:Ross Sea
8644:Zhestkiy
8559:Osushnoy
8464:Chechen'
7736:Tasmania
7684:Hispanic
7542:Northern
7489:Germanic
7467:Atlantic
7409:Southern
7370:Northern
7336:Caucasus
7272:Dead Sea
7243:Caucasus
7211:Southern
7204:Maritime
7199:Mainland
7172:Northern
7153:Far East
7112:Aral Sea
7035:Southern
6979:Northern
6686:Archived
6668:12 March
6659:Archived
6626:Archived
6594:Archived
6564:Archived
6540:25 April
6534:Archived
6504:Archived
6478:Archived
6421:cite web
6384:archived
6354:Archived
6333:20 March
6327:Archived
6307:26 March
6276:26 March
6270:Archived
6244:Archived
6224:Archived
6197:Archived
6172:Archived
6142:Archived
6112:Archived
6049:Archived
6019:Archived
5959:Archived
5929:Archived
5899:Archived
5857:Archived
5827:Archived
5808:". SOCAR
5802:Archived
5789:". SOCAR
5783:Archived
5756:Archived
5717:Archived
5599:30 March
5593:Archived
5573:30 March
5567:Archived
5519:Archived
5451:Archived
5411:10 April
5405:Archived
5259:Archived
5162:Archived
5132:Archived
5102:Archived
5063:Archived
5035:cite web
5019:Archived
4962:Archived
4934:cite web
4902:18 April
4896:Archived
4831:Archived
4801:Archived
4771:Archived
4732:Archived
4647:Archived
4577:cite web
4536:Archived
4357:Archived
4354:Hyrcania
4320:Archived
4278:Archived
4226:14 April
4220:Archived
4199:Archived
4010:Archived
3922:Archived
3884:Archived
3744:Caspians
3721:See also
3654:and the
3629:portages
3366:Dagestan
3225:monopoly
3214:littoral
3077:Sabunchi
3019:BP Amoco
3003:Cheleken
2978:littoral
2976:Caspian
2863:Esenguly
2833:Kaspiysk
2809:Russia:
2785:Sumqayit
2750:Lankaran
2745:Khachmaz
2735:Gobustan
2702:Sorkhrud
2667:Nowshahr
2652:Langarud
2622:Gomishan
2607:Behshahr
2587:Babolsar
2572:Ali Abad
2557:Dagestan
2530:, Russia
2528:Dagestan
2513:Khazaran
2502:Tamisheh
2460:Hyrcania
2347:Thelessa
2331:Behshahr
2261:Aral Sea
2257:Balaxani
2253:Lankaran
2249:Khachmaz
2237:orogenic
2201:tectonic
2110:Reptiles
2044:sturgeon
1985:sunbleak
1921:, three
1889:clupeids
1768:dolphins
1723:and the
1474:Khazaria
1466:medieval
1459:eustatic
1430:bodies.
1361:gazelles
1220:brackish
1197:Pliocene
921:Persians
754:('sea')
681:lakes.
627:seawater
623:salinity
591:Caucasus
520:(Iran),
409:Kalmykia
405:Dagestan
238:Location
14029:Symbols
13942:Fashion
13924:Culture
13838:Society
13783:Science
13748:Rouble
13690:Economy
13666:Science
13476:Premier
13457:Offices
13319:Leaders
13239:General
13207:Siberia
13180:Regions
13154:Oblasts
12995:October
12972:History
12907:Outline
12719:Fashion
12709:Fashion
12697:Cuisine
12659:Culture
12647:in army
12632:Wedding
12627:Suicide
12622:Smoking
12607:Slavery
12582:Orphans
12555:Illegal
12431:Alcohol
12414:Society
12380:Tourism
12260:Banking
12238:Economy
12083:Prisons
11931:Siberia
11887:Islands
11867:Geology
11803:Climate
11793:Borders
11757:Outline
11732:Judaism
11722:Economy
11549:History
11470:Outline
11433:Symbols
11358:Wedding
11353:Theatre
11263:Cuisine
11231:Culture
11212:Tourism
11150:Economy
11064:Cabinet
11023:Borders
10958:Geology
10914:Climate
10696:Shirvan
10611:History
10542:Zharman
10462:Zerendi
10337:Telikol
10292:Sorasha
10192:Shalkar
10097:Maraldy
10087:Malybay
10057:Kypshak
10042:Kulykol
9977:Kiyakty
9922:Karasor
9892:Kamysty
9862:Kalibek
9857:Kalatuz
9842:Kayindi
9832:Jasybay
9822:Itemgen
9807:Imantau
9792:Burabay
9767:Bilikol
9752:Barshyn
9747:Bargana
9682:Aralsor
9224:Red Sea
8639:Zhanbay
8619:Ukatnyy
8614:Tyuleny
8574:Qara Su
8544:Nordovy
8489:Durneva
7937:Oceania
7925:by area
7881:America
7858:Islands
7708:Oceania
7572:Midwest
7527:Central
7494:Romance
7462:Western
7331:Balkans
7326:Eastern
7321:Central
7289:Mashriq
7233:Western
7177:Siberia
7129:Eastern
7107:Central
7040:Western
7013:Central
6989:Mashriq
6984:Maghreb
6974:Saharan
6920:America
6913:Eurasia
6785:regions
6724:(ed.).
6600:13 July
6570:13 July
6390:6 March
5481:Bibcode
5168:21 July
5108:24 July
4994:29 June
4678:Bibcode
4477:Bibcode
4409:Bibcode
4326:20 July
4161:Bibcode
4129:29 June
4102:4363852
4074:Bibcode
3779:Iranrud
3669:of the
3354:issue.
3352:borders
3243:blowout
3031:barrels
3005:field (
2933:barrels
2918:(FDI).
2908:mineral
2878:Economy
2823:Derbent
2775:Siyazan
2770:Shabran
2755:Masallı
2647:Lahijan
2642:Kordkuy
2524:Derbent
2498:of Iran
2482:of Iran
2472:of Iran
2454:Ancient
2355:θάλασσα
2349:: late
2319:sites.
2305:Georgia
2293:Dmanisi
2282:, 1906)
2272:Cossack
2197:Miocene
2171:Geology
2166:History
2060:sterlet
2056:Persian
2052:bastard
2048:Russian
1918:Rutilus
1843:endemic
1788:dolphin
1737:endemic
1625:of the
1617:of the
1608:lagoons
1567:ecocide
1383:(BWk),
1375:Climate
1371:(IBA).
1334:steppes
1247:Germany
1181:granite
1099:Georgia
1085:Armenia
940:Mar de
931:ocean.
900:Khvalis
896:Khvalyn
881:Persian
859:Turkish
843:Turkmen
819::
779:Russian
732:Albania
704:ecocide
536:article
499:Islands
270:50°30′E
267:42°00′N
86:Persian
78:Russian
57:Turkmen
14048:Emblem
14036:Anthem
13984:Sports
13937:Cinema
13932:Ballet
13914:Racism
13887:Family
13377:Bodies
12965:topics
12921:Portal
12876:Sports
12804:Anthem
12692:Cinema
12687:Ballet
12597:Racism
12560:Labour
12516:Health
12481:Doping
12335:Ruble
12320:Mining
12290:Energy
11953:Rivers
11862:Fjords
11762:Postal
11614:Moscow
11540:Russia
11498:Portal
11411:People
11391:Health
11273:Dances
11258:Cinema
11177:Energy
11028:Cities
10936:issues
10801:Modern
10601:
10457:Zaysan
10452:Wooden
10442:Urkash
10437:Ulykol
10342:Tengiz
10302:Sorkol
10182:Shagan
10177:Seiten
10107:Maysor
10047:Kurdym
9782:Botkul
9697:Atygay
9655:Angren
9635:Alakol
9625:Akzhar
9615:Aksuat
9489:Others
8695:oceans
8649:Zyudev
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8474:Chilov
8469:Chikil
8434:Blinov
8419:Baburi
8390:
8380:
8370:
8360:
8350:
8224:Global
8214:Arctic
8153:Rivers
8131:Other
8065:Oceans
7920:Europe
7876:Africa
7669:French
7537:Middle
7499:Slavic
7484:Celtic
7385:Nordic
7375:Baltic
7313:Europe
7267:Levant
6961:Africa
6797:Worlds
6510:14 May
6456:
6360:17 May
5891:
5748:
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5371:20 May
5316:. The
5286:. The
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5069:5 July
4968:5 July
4863:17 May
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4797:ann.az
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3381:median
3289:Russia
3196:Soviet
3192:Nargin
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3121:Lukoil
3103:Ceyhan
2798:Atyrau
2760:Nabran
2740:Khudat
2725:Astara
2707:Talesh
2692:Rudsar
2687:Rudbar
2677:Ramsar
2637:Juybar
2632:Gorgan
2612:Chalus
2582:Astara
2544:Modern
2486:Astara
2476:Anzali
2434:Cities
2183:, 1747
2120:) and
2080:caviar
2068:beluga
2064:starry
2033:zander
2025:burbot
2005:sichel
1939:, two
1933:, two
1915:, two
1881:gobies
1873:) and
1864:Chasar
1839:genera
1770:, and
1727:. The
1665:UNESCO
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1329:. The
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1263:Russia
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1177:basalt
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1005:Russia
1002:
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915:Among
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794:Kazakh
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757:Khazar
748:Qazvin
724:Strabo
691:caviar
675:Baikal
667:seabed
659:inflow
635:Russia
595:steppe
583:Europe
248:, and
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13979:Radio
13957:Opera
13952:Music
13855:Crime
13626:Gulag
13504:Cheka
13149:Krais
12826:Opera
12779:Music
12642:Women
12543:LGBTQ
12461:Crime
12395:Waste
11914:Urals
11892:Lakes
11477:Index
11423:Women
11343:Sport
11313:Music
11308:Media
11278:Dress
10975:Lakes
10963:Caves
10953:Flora
10948:Fauna
10619:Early
10447:Uyaly
10372:Tuzdy
10347:Teniz
10327:Tebez
10267:Shuga
10092:Mamay
9952:Kerey
9817:Issyk
9812:Inder
9772:Borli
9675:South
9670:North
9620:Akysh
9605:Akkol
9496:Ocean
8691:Earth
8569:Qutan
8459:Bulla
8201:Polar
8146:lists
8141:Lakes
7960:ocean
7679:Ibero
7674:Latin
7664:Anglo
7424:Italy
6781:Earth
6720:. In
6662:(PDF)
6655:UNECE
6651:(PDF)
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6086:(PDF)
6075:(PDF)
5682:S2CID
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4694:S2CID
4503:S2CID
4433:S2CID
4275:p. 28
4179:S2CID
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3975:S2CID
3605:Aktau
3576:ferry
3542:Volga
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3408:Aktau
3372:like
3325:Volga
3143:Canal
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2857:Hazar
2803:Aktau
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2401:nefte
2223:with
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1936:Salmo
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1831:basin
1786:or a
1762:from
1749:seals
1687:Most
1679:Fauna
1654:liana
1585:Flora
1552:SOCAR
1453:is a
1413:Aktau
1367:, an
1203:like
1087:(all)
1051:South
978:North
962:Tarki
949:(the
942:Bachu
902:Sea (
828:Uzbek
767:Baḥr
716:Caspi
663:Volga
619:Japan
577:. An
522:Aqtau
375:Basin
41:Latin
14060:Flag
14018:List
13826:List
13738:OGAS
13631:List
13514:NKVD
13302:LGBT
13290:List
13256:1977
13251:1936
12814:Flag
12702:Wine
12682:Arts
11747:LGBT
11631:Army
11441:Flag
11416:list
11267:wine
11089:LGBT
10332:Teke
10007:Kopa
9942:Kazy
9787:Bura
9707:Ayke
9687:Arys
9660:Aral
9650:Alua
8699:seas
8697:and
8604:Tava
8589:Sara
8158:Seas
7915:Asia
7182:Ural
7094:Asia
7023:Horn
7018:East
6787:and
6670:2012
6634:2018
6602:2018
6572:2018
6542:2019
6512:2022
6486:2018
6427:link
6413:2007
6392:2017
6362:2010
6335:2020
6309:2013
6297:Time
6278:2013
6180:2018
6150:2018
6120:2016
6094:2018
6057:2020
6027:2019
5997:2018
5967:2018
5937:2018
5907:2020
5889:ISBN
5865:2015
5835:2017
5764:2020
5746:ISBN
5725:2020
5707:ISBN
5672:ISBN
5638:2023
5625:ISBN
5601:2019
5575:2019
5548:2016
5499:ISSN
5427:link
5413:2017
5373:2012
5330:2015
5300:2015
5267:2019
5236:2024
5170:2022
5140:2021
5110:2021
5092:ISBN
5071:2021
5041:link
5027:2021
4996:2023
4970:2021
4940:link
4926:2012
4904:2019
4865:2010
4839:2021
4809:2015
4779:2012
4761:ISBN
4740:2012
4722:ISBN
4655:2012
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4613:2010
4583:link
4569:2012
4544:2017
4514:2022
4425:ISSN
4328:2022
4310:ISBN
4286:ISBN
4271:Iran
4258:2022
4228:2011
4131:2023
4090:ISSN
4044:2023
4018:2022
4000:ISBN
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3892:2022
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3331:and
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1212:sink
1155:and
1065:Iran
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13538:MGB
13526:MVD
13509:GPU
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