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367:. In 273, when Aurelian took and destroyed Palmyra, Longinus had to pay with his life for the advice which he had given to Zenobia. Longinus must have been especially pained by this catastrophe, as the queen asserted her own innocence after having fallen into the hands of the Romans, and threw all the blame upon her advisers, particularly Longinus. He bore his execution with a firmness and cheerfulness worthy of
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come down to us show that he was free from the allegorical notions by which his contemporaries claimed to have discovered the wisdom of the ancients. His commentaries not only explained the subject-matter discussed by Plato, but also his style and diction. In opposition to
Plotinus, Longinus upheld the doctrine that the
358:, who, being a woman of great talent, and fond of the arts and literature, made him her teacher of Greek literature. As Longinus had no extensive library at his command at Palmyra, he was obliged almost entirely to abandon his literary pursuits. He soon discovered another use for his talents, for when king
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In his private life
Longinus seems to have been amiable; for although his pupil Porphyry left him, declaring that he would seek a better philosophy in the school of Plotinus, Longinus did not show him any ill-will, but continued to treat him as a friend, and invited him to come to Palmyra. He had an
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Longinus in his study of philosophy made himself thoroughly familiar with Plato's works; and that he himself was a genuine
Platonist is evident from the fragments still extant, as well as from the commentaries he wrote on several of Plato's dialogues. The few fragments of his commentaries which have
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died Queen
Zenobia undertook the government of the empire. She availed herself of the advice of Longinus; it was he who advised and encouraged her to shake off Roman rule and become an independent sovereign. As a result, Zenobia wrote a spirited letter to the Roman emperor
295:, Longinus himself relates that from his early age he made many journeys with his parents, that he visited many countries and became acquainted with all those who at the time enjoyed a great reputation as philosophers, among whom the most illustrious were
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and the other philosophers whom he met in his travels, he returned to Athens. He there devoted himself with so much zeal to the instruction of his many pupils that he scarcely had any time left for writing. The most distinguished of his pupils was
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calls him "a living library" and "a walking museum;". The power for which
Longinus was most celebrated was his critical skill, which was indeed so great that the expression "to judge like Longinus" became synonymous with "to judge correctly".
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After having spent much of his life at Athens composing the best of his works, he went to the East, either to see his friends at Emesa or to settle some family affairs. It seems to have been on that occasion that he became known to queen
311:. Of the first two Longinus was a pupil for a long time, but Longinus did not embrace the Neoplatonism then being developed by Ammonius and Plotinus, rather he continued as a Platonist of the old type.
387:, Longinus composed a great number of works, which appear to have been held in the highest estimation, all of which have perished. It was once thought that the extant rhetorical treatise
253:. He was born about 213, and was killed in 273, at the age of sixty. The suggestion that his original name was Dionysius arose only because the 1st century rhetorical treatise
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is unknown; it can only be conjectured that he was the client to some
Cassius Longinus, or that his ancestors had received the Roman franchise through the influence of some
341:. At Athens, Longinus seems to have lectured on philosophy and criticism, as well as on rhetoric and grammar, and the extent of his knowledge was so great, that
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of the old type and his reputation as a literary critic was immense. During a visit to the east, he became a teacher, and subsequently chief counsellor to
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It would seem that Fronto took special care of the education of his nephew, and on his death-bed he made him his heir. In the preface to his work
280:, the uncle of Longinus, taught rhetoric at Athens, and on his death in Athens left behind him Longinus, the son of his sister Frontonis.
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ardent love of liberty, and a great frankness both in expressing his own opinions and exposing the faults and errors of others.
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was written by him, but it is now thought to have been written by an unknown 1st century writer. Among the works listed by the
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II 36.7 (1994), 5214-99 (= Part I, "Longinus
Philosophus"), II 34.4 (1998), 3023-3108 (= Part II, "Longinus Philologus").
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on metre, and the fragment of a treatise on rhetoric, inserted in the middle of a similar treatise by
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is preserved by
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Longin
Philologe und Philosoph. Eine Interpretation der Erhaltenen Zeugnisse.
786:. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 981–982.
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His native place is uncertain; some say that
Longinus was a born in
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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was ascribed to a "Dionysius or Longinus" in the medieval period.
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After Longinus had learnt all he could from Ammonius at
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Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology
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16:Greek Neoplatonist philosopher (c.213–273)
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682:Penelope Murray, T. S. Dorsch, (2000),
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325:. Plotinus, after reading his treatise
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170:; c. 213 – 273 AD) was a
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686:. Page ii. Penguin Classics.
684:Classical Literary Criticism
476:A Bibliographical Dictionary
413:. The most important of his
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479:. J. Nuttall. p. 290.
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1779:David Kaplan
1729:Contemporary
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1495:Olympiodorus
1410:Asclepigenia
1329:Chrysanthius
1238:
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271:
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211:Neoplatonism
101:
100:
61:Emesa, Syria
20:
1871:210s births
1846:Leo Strauss
1823:Continental
1784:Saul Kripke
1749:G. E. Moore
1683:Anne Conway
1606:Renaissance
1569:Bonaventure
1118:Clitomachus
955:Aristonymus
225:, queen of
175:rhetorician
74:rhetorician
70:Philosopher
1876:273 deaths
1865:Categories
1754:Kurt Gödel
1678:Henry More
1480:Simplicius
1299:Iamblichus
1063:Arcesilaus
1023:Xenocrates
1003:Speusippus
979:Heraclides
905:Platonists
722:References
710:Porphyry,
671:Vit. Plot.
669:Porphyry,
658:Vit. Plot.
656:Porphyry,
541:Vit. Plot.
535:Eunapius,
521:Vit. Plot.
519:Porphyry,
397:there are
385:avocations
360:Odaenathus
334:Alexandria
191:Alexandria
66:Occupation
1666:Cambridge
1534:Al-Farabi
1475:Damascius
1465:Zenodotus
1415:Hierocles
1384:Macrobius
1379:Augustine
1364:Antoninus
1314:Sosipatra
1259:Calcidius
1169:Antiochus
1123:Charmadas
1103:Carneades
1087:Hegesinus
940:Aristotle
920:Academics
629:Aurelian.
613:Aurelian.
567:Photius,
549:Aurelian.
219:Platonist
94:Platonism
1737:Analytic
1522:Medieval
1485:Priscian
1420:Syrianus
1389:Boethius
1344:Salutius
1324:Dexippus
1319:Aedesius
1294:Porphyry
1282:Students
1277:Plotinus
1239:Longinus
1214:Apuleius
1204:Alcinous
1184:Plutarch
1078:Telecles
1048:Skeptics
960:Coriscus
853:LibriVox
830:, 2001.
741:(1870).
700:Longinos
637:Longinos
591:Jerome,
557:Longinos
537:Porphyr.
379:Writings
369:Socrates
365:Aurelian
343:Eunapius
339:Porphyry
305:Plotinus
289:Porphyry
231:Aurelian
215:Plotinus
207:Porphyry
1916:Palmyra
1623:Plethon
1559:Thierry
1554:Gilbert
1549:Bernard
1470:Agapius
1445:Isidore
1440:Marinus
1435:Proclus
1430:Aedesia
1425:Hermias
1398:Academy
1369:Hypatia
1304:Sopater
1289:Amelius
1219:Atticus
1199:Albinus
1082:Evander
1073:Lacydes
1033:Polemon
1028:Crantor
945:Eudoxus
912:Ancient
771::
749:(ed.).
736::
494:Fronton
431:Apsines
417:works,
409:, and
356:Palmyra
352:Zenobia
309:Amelius
285:On Ends
247:Cassius
243:gentile
227:Palmyra
223:Zenobia
1901:Cassii
1598:Modern
1539:Anselm
1460:Hegias
1339:Julian
1249:Origen
1138:Cicero
1056:Middle
834:
816:
765:
597:Epist.
593:Epist.
307:, and
270:. The
268:Athens
203:Athens
193:under
187:Athens
80:Period
59:273 AD
23:, see
1194:Gaius
935:Plato
801:. In
745:. In
714:20-21
569:Bibl.
437:Notes
264:Emesa
245:name
183:Emesa
172:Greek
164:Greek
50:Syria
46:Emesa
1080:and
981:and
962:and
832:ISBN
814:ISBN
696:Suda
633:Suda
631:30;
577:Suda
553:Suda
551:30;
490:Suda
395:Suda
322:Nous
273:Suda
237:Life
197:and
177:and
56:Died
40:Born
1096:New
928:Old
851:at
780:".
354:of
291:'s
185:or
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