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1733 also saw Europe's peace broken for the first time in twenty years after the death of
Augustus, king of Poland. A French army under Charles's father invaded Germany, whilst Charles saw his first active service at the head of his regiment at the sieges of Kehl (1733) and Philippsbourg (1734). He
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on 28 December 1729, aged only 17. In 1730 he joined the musketeers, on 31 March 1732 he was given a commission to command a company in the
Montreval cavalry regiment, and in 1733 he was put in command of an Irish cavalry regiment, which was renamed the Fitz-James regiment after him.
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when peace was signed between France, Britain and the
Netherlands in 1748. Hostilities were barely over when, on 10 May 1748, the Duke of Fitz-James was promoted to lieutenant general. He was also made a peer of France and knight of the orders of the King (received 2 February 1756).
223:. He was known from birth as the "count of Fitz-James". When his elder brother Henri de Fitz-James was dismissed and his younger brother François de Fitz-James took holy orders, Charles was made governor and lieutenant-general of
255:'s death in 1740 triggered another European war, with France backing the elector of Bavaria's claims to the imperial throne. In 1741, a French army of 40,000 men crossed the Rhine at Fort-Louis, under the orders of the
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Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne : histoire par ordre alphabétique de la vie publique et privée de tous les hommes avec la collaboration de plus de 300 savants et littérateurs français ou
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was standing next to his father when the latter was killed by a cannonball and was splattered with his blood and brains. Inheriting his father's dukedom and becoming a
274:. In 1744 he was promoted to maréchal-de-camp and fought in the king's army at that rank, commanding the siege works at the 1745 siege of Tournay, fighting at the
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347:, which resulted in violence. Fitz-James had to resign and lived in disgrace until 1766, when he became commander of BĂ©arn, Navarre and Guyenne.
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259:, whilst another army the same size crossed the Meuse at the same time - Charles served in the latter as a brigadier, under the orders of
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301:- bloodier than Fontenoy - opened France's 1747 campaign in the Netherlands. The Duke of Fitz-James fought there before joining the
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334:, fought on 1 August 1759, he was in command of the entire French cavalry, with which he charged the enemy without success.
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At the outbreak of the Seven Years' War, he was again recalled to lead several Army Corps in
Germany. He fought in the
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and serving at the sieges of
Oudenaarde and Dendermonde. In 1746 he joined the French army in Flanders under the
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Armorial de l'Ordre du Saint-Esprit : d'après l'œuvre du père
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He is sent back to France in
November 1760, and became on 16 September 1761, commander of the
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He married in 1741 with
Victoire Goyon (1722–1777), granddaughter of French Field Marshal
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Marie-Nicolas
Bouillet et Alexis Chassang (ed.), « Charles de Fitz-James » in
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in 1738. In 1735 he also became one of the first French
Freemasons in the Bussy Lodge.
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Returning to France in July 1743, he ended his campaign in Basse-Alsace serving under
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In 1763, a conflict over taxes broke out between him and the
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Jean-Baptiste Francois des Marets, marquis de Maillebois
476:Dictionnaire universel d’histoire et de géographie
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425:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
489:Michel Popoff and preface by Hervé Pinoteau,
219:, who was in turn the illegitimate son of
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456:Learn how and when to remove this message
380:(26 November 1743 – 11 August 1805), 5th
493:, Paris, Le LĂ©opard d'or, 1996, 204 p. (
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378:Jacques Charles, 5th Duke of FitzJames
126:Jacques Charles, 5th Duke of FitzJames
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305:by Lowendahl. He also fought at the
217:James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick
349:In 1771 he became commander of the
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578:People from Saint-Germain-en-Laye
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190:, who descended from the British
130:Laure Auguste, Princess of Chimay
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267:and the retreat which followed.
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140:James FitzJames, Duke of Berwick
486:, 2e édition, 1843–1865 ;
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373:They had 7 children, including
186:) was a French general and 4th
303:Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1747)
248:War of the Austrian Succession
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560:Jacques Charles de Fitz-James
257:Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet
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603:18th-century peers of France
384:and French Maréchal de camp.
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554:1764 – 1787
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519:(in French). 1 July 2018
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176:– 22 March 1787 at his
87:22 March 1787 (aged 58)
544:François de Fitz-James
355:In 1775 he was made a
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345:Parlement of Toulouse
288:Siege of Namur (1746)
174:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
117:Louise Victoire Goyon
73:Saint-Germain-en-Laye
18:Charles de Fitz-James
513:"Charles Fitz-James"
330:(1758). In the lost
320:Battle of Hastenbeck
240:from 1735 until the
172:(4 November 1712 in
150:Lady Honora de Burgh
593:Dukes of Fitz-James
307:Siege of Maestricht
272:Marshal de Noailles
221:James II of England
598:Marshals of France
550:Duke of Fitz-James
413:list of references
382:Duke of Fitz-James
299:Battle of Lauffeld
292:victory at Rocourt
215:He was the son of
188:Duke of Fitz-James
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357:Marshal of France
238:Marshal de Coigny
179:hĂ´tel particulier
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103:Noble family
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588:1787 deaths
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438:introducing
326:(1758) and
202:of France.
572:Categories
328:Lutterberg
253:Charles VI
211:Early life
484:Ă©trangers
353:province.
341:province.
339:Languedoc
167:Charles,
114:Spouse(s)
108:FitzJames
56:Full name
501:) ;
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351:Brittany
322:(1757),
290:and the
225:Limousin
434:improve
324:Krefeld
200:Marshal
34:Charles
523:22 May
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363:Family
146:Mother
136:Father
77:France
419:, or
394:Notes
184:Paris
122:Issue
96:Paris
525:2019
517:Base
495:ISBN
297:The
284:Mons
206:Life
198:and
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66:Born
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