Chinese Knowledge - Knowledge

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promoted an experimental treatment recommended by a Baidu health care page in return for receiving payments, even though chemotherapy and surgery were more effective treatments for the disease. Most observers also found that Baidu Baike "publishes a lot of garbage...as Baidu Baike does not limit entries to notable topics or require that its information be supported by reliable sources". In recent years there has been an exodus of volunteer editors leaving Baidu Baike to join Chinese Knowledge because the "contributors wanted the privilege of working on a higher-quality internet encyclopedia" that also "carries a great deal of international power".

1456: 912: 2625: 2531:, the foundation’s vice present of community resilience and sustainability, said that there had been a yearlong investigation into "infiltration concerns" that threatened the "very foundations of Knowledge". Dennis observed that the infiltrators had tried to promote "the aims of China, as interpreted through whatever filters they may bring to bear". The investigation had also found that an unrecognized group of Mainland China editors, with approximately three hundred members, had been involved in vote-stacking and manipulation of administrative elections. Suggesting possible links to the 2489:" characterized by edit warring. A Hong Kong-based editor, who remains anonymous because of fears of intimidation, noted that "Pro-Beijing people often remove content that is sympathetic to protests, such as tear gas being fired and images of barricades. They also add their own content". Acknowledging that "edit wars" happen on both sides, the anonymous editor stated that "Pro-democracy editors tend to add content to shift the balance or the tone of the article, but in my experience, the pro-Beijing editors are a lot more aggressive in churning out 2653: 802: 699: 755:(or Orthodox Chinese), from 2002 to 2003, the Chinese Knowledge community gradually decided to combine the two originally separate versions of the Chinese Knowledge. The first running automatic conversion between the two orthographic representations started on 23 December 2004, with the MediaWiki 1.4 release. The needs from Hong Kong and Singapore were taken into account in the MediaWiki 1.4.2 release, which made the conversion table for zh-sg default to zh-cn, and zh-hk default to zh-tw. 1973: 1796: 659:, a domestic competitor beset by problems of self-censorship and commercialization, to join Chinese Knowledge because the "contributors wanted the privilege of working on a higher-quality internet encyclopedia" that also "carries a great deal of international power". Observers have suggested that such moves are not just due to patriotic mainlanders but a "larger structural coordinated strategy the government has to manipulate these platforms" beside Knowledge, such as 143: 1786: 2667: 2639: 2681: 27: 2611: 2096: 969:. Due to the censorship in mainland China, Chinese Knowledge's audience comes primarily from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore and the diasporas in Malaysia, the United States, Canada, Australia, South Korea (including Koreans from China), totaling approximately 60 million people. Chinese Knowledge has more than 9,100 active editors as of July 2021, and this number is increasing. 2395:, also published an article stated that " there is a lack of systematic ordering and maintenance of contents about China's major political discourse on Knowledge". He also urged Knowledge to reflect the voices and views of the Chinese government in an objective way. Lokman Tsui, an assistant professor at the School of Journalism and Communication at the 804: 2261:. Connections to the Chinese Knowledge were completely blocked as of 6 April 2008. Any attempt to access the Chinese Knowledge resulted in a 60-second ban on all Wikimedia websites. However, users were able to log on to the Chinese Knowledge using https. All other languages were accessible, but politically sensitive searches such as 808: 807: 803: 809: 2535:, Dennis said "We needed to act based on credible information that some members (not all) of that group have harassed, intimidated, and threatened other members of our community, including in some cases physically harming others, in order to secure their own power and subvert the collaborative nature of our projects". 2470:, not only over Knowledge's content, but also making death threats made against Taiwan's community of Wikipedians. One Taiwanese editor suggested that it was not just patriotic mainlanders, but a "larger structural coordinated strategy the government has to manipulate these platforms" beside Knowledge, such as 1192:-side mechanism to automatically convert different characters and vocabulary items into the user's local ones, according to the user's preference settings, which may be set to one of two settings that convert the script only, or one of six settings that also take into account regional vocabulary differences: 806: 792:

wrote that the blocks from the mainland authorities in the 2000s stifled the growth of the Chinese Knowledge, and that by 2013 there was a new generation of users originating from the Mainland who were taking efforts to make the Chinese Knowledge grow. In 2024, there were 3.6 million registered users

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Another is written by Jie Ding, an official from the China International Publishing Group, an organisation controlled by the Chinese Communist Party. It argues that "there is a lack of systematic ordering and maintenance of contents about China's major political discourse on Knowledge". It too urges

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The following chart, based on OONI data, illustrates that multiple language editions of Knowledge have been blocked in China as of April 2019.{...}OONI measurements show that many of these Knowledge domains were previously accessible, but all measurements collected from 25 April 2019 onwards present

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Academics suggested that "China urgently needs to encourage and train Chinese netizens to become Knowledge platform opinion leaders and administrators ... can adhere to socialist values and form some core editorial teams." This is seen as part of the Chinese Communist Party's coordinated efforts to

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is a notable dialect), and Cantonese. In regions that speak non-Mandarin languages or regional Mandarin dialects, the Vernacular Chinese standard largely corresponding to Standard Chinese is nevertheless used exclusively as the Chinese written standard; this written standard differs sharply from the

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Conversion is done through a set of character conversion tables that may be edited by administrators. To provide an alternative means to harmonize the characters when the server-side converters fail to work properly, a special template was created to manually convert characters and article titles in

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On 15 June 2007, China lifted the block for several articles, only to then block an increasing number of articles. On 30 August 2007, all blocks were lifted, but then a block was placed on Knowledge for all languages on 31 August 2007. As of 26 January 2008, all languages of Knowledge were blocked,

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The second and less serious outage lasted between 23 and 27 September 2004. During this four-day period, access to Knowledge was erratic or unavailable to some users in mainland China – this block was not comprehensive and some users in mainland China were never affected. The exact reason for

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but preserving the vocabulary and grammar of Standard Chinese. After the founding of Knowledge, many users of non-Mandarin Chinese varieties began to ask for the right to have Knowledge editions in non-Mandarin varieties as well. However, they also met with significant opposition, based on the fact

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According to Wikimedia Statistics, in January 2021, the majority of viewers and editors on the Chinese Knowledge were from Taiwan and Hong Kong. Numerous viewers and users are from Macau, Singapore, Malaysia, United States and other countries with a high Chinese diaspora; but there are some viewers

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After the Wikimedia Foundation took action against the WMC editors, the Taiwanese Knowledge community noted that such an action was long overdue and released a statement saying “We need to rebuild an inclusive wiki that welcomes everyone from all places who wants to contribute to Chinese language

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The first block had an effect on the vitality of the Chinese Knowledge, which suffered sharp dips in various indicators, such as the number of new users, the number of new articles, and the number of edits. In some cases, it took anywhere from 6 to 12 months in order to regain the stats from May

686:" characterized by edit warring. The Foundation's investigation also found that "infiltrators had tried to promote "the aims of China, as interpreted through whatever filters they may bring to bear" and that the WMC had been involved in vote-stacking and manipulation of administrative elections. 2598:

and commercialization, Baidu Baike lacks credibility. Baidu Baike has been criticized as it "hawks opportunities for 'content collaboration' with celebrities" and monetarization. Baidu's "commercialization of misinformation" led to the death of student Wei Zexi in 2016, as Baidu search rankings

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Approximately half of Chinese Knowledge's 610 million pageviews monthly come from Taiwan, with approximately 20% coming from Hong Kong, 8% from United States, 4% from Malaysia and the rest from Singapore, Macau, mainland China and the Chinese diaspora. In 2021, the monthly pageviews of Chinese

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and commercialization. The resulting pro-Beijing Knowledge community, known as the Wikimedians of Mainland China (WMC), was never formally recognized by the Wikimedia Foundation, as they had not signed legal documents provided by the foundation agreeing to protect the anonymity of its members.

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bias. Chinese academics Li-hao Gan and Bin-Ting Weng published a paper titled "Opportunities And Challenges Of China's Foreign Communication in the Knowledge", in which they argue that "due to the influence by foreign media, Knowledge entries have a large number of prejudiced words against the

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During October and November 2006, it first appeared that the site was unblocked again. Many conflicting reports came from news outlets, bloggers, and Wikipedians, reporting a possible partial or full unblocking of Knowledge. Some reports indicated a complete unblock; others suggested that some

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Due to such threats to volunteer safety, as well as the manipulation of administrative elections by Mainland editors, Wikimedia revoked access of seven editors and downgraded the privileges of 12 Mainland-based administrators on 16 September 2021 over "infiltration concerns." The affair caused

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for a select number of mainland users. Such users are recruited to change the editorial content on Knowledge in support of China's viewpoint and/or to support the election of pro-Chinese government administrators on Knowledge, with the aim of gaining control of Knowledge as part of the Chinese

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All of the above Wikipedias have sidestepped the Traditional/Simplified Chinese issue. The Wu Knowledge uses Simplified Chinese exclusively, and the Classical Chinese Knowledge uses Traditional Chinese exclusively (The Gan and Cantonese Wikipedias default to Traditional, but have a conversion

2418:, notes that the principles of freedom of expression and neutrality apply globally to Knowledge. Wales said "I have deep experience of talking to people all over the world, and the idea that people in China, for example, are so brainwashed that they can't see that neutrality is just false." 1948:, Eastern Min Knowledge began to set up a Chinese character homepage, and since then, Chinese character version entries have gradually appeared. This project is also the second project in the Chinese Knowledge to use both the Latin alphabet and the Chinese character writing system. 1951:

As of the end of November 2014, there were a total of 1,496 entries in the East Min Knowledge, with one administrator and one active editor (one who registered and edited more than five times a month). Ranked 202nd among all Knowledge languages in terms of number of entries.

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Wiki surpassed Baidu Baike as China's largest online encyclopedia in terms of number of articles it owns. Baidu Baike's growth is mainly due to "widespread copyright infringement" by mass-copying Knowledge pages and incorporating them into Baidu Baike pages since 2007.

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As of 10 March 2015, the Hakka edition has 4,512 articles and 13,485 registered users, making it the 155th language edition of Knowledge by number of articles and the 161st by number of registered users, among the 287 active language editions.

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The third block began on 19 October 2005, and there was no indication as to whether this block was temporary or permanent, or what the reasons or causes for this block were. According to the status page currently maintained on the Chinese Knowledge, the

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Furthermore, page title conversion is used for automatic page redirection. Those articles previously named in different characters or different translations have been merged, and can be reached by means of both Traditional and Simplified Chinese titles.

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On 19 May 2015, Chinese Knowledge was blocked again within mainland China. Because all Wikipedias rely on HTTPS links, Chinese censors cannot see what page an individual is viewing; this also makes it more difficult to block a specific set of pages.

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since May 2015. Nonetheless, the Chinese Knowledge is still one of the top ten most active versions of Knowledge by number of edits and number of editors, due to contributions from users from Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia, and the

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Enming Yan, a former administrator of the Chinese Knowledge, said in an interview with BBC that "You're removing pro-Beijing voices and so the balance is going to tilt towards anti-Beijing forces within Knowledge." However, Knowledge's founder,

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Objections notwithstanding, it was determined that these Chinese varieties were sufficiently different from Standard Chinese and had a sufficiently large number of followers to justify the creation of six Wikipedias for different varieties.

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As of June 2019, there are 78 administrators, or sysops. They are all elected by Chinese Wikipedians. Most of them come from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. There are also a few who come from the United States, Singapore, and Japan.

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reported that they could only access Knowledge using proxy servers, although there were isolated reports that some users could access Knowledge without using a proxy. Most Chinese people were not able to connect to the site at all.

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the same DNS anomalies for all Knowledge sub-domains.{...}Based on these tests, we were able to conclude that China Telecom does in fact block all language editions of Knowledge by means of both DNS injection and SNI filtering.

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sensitive topics remained blocked, and yet others suggested that the Chinese Knowledge was blocked whereas other-language versions were not. From 17 November onwards, the complete block was once again in place.

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Possibly related to this, on 31 May an article from the IDG News Service was published, discussing the Chinese Knowledge's treatment of the protests. The Chinese Knowledge also has articles related to

3200: 855:, meaning the 'foundations of a building', or 'fundamental aspects of things in general'. The name can be interpreted as 'the encyclopedia that connects the fundamental knowledge of humanity'. 4032:

In it, the academics Li-hao Gan and Bin-Ting Weng argue that "due to the influence by foreign media, Knowledge entries have a large number of prejudiced words against the Chinese government".

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the importance to "reflect our voices and opinions in the entry, so as to objectively and truly reflect the influence of Chinese path and Chinese thoughts on other countries and history".

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Communist Party's coordinated efforts to push their preferred narrative on platforms that have respected worldwide credibility. There has also been an exodus of volunteer editors leaving

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the block is a mystery. Chinese Wikipedians once again prepared a written appeal to regional ISPs, but the block was lifted before the appeal was actually sent, for an unknown reason.

2111:. For users who are not familiar with vernacular characters, a Hakka dictionary and a simple comparison table are provided on the homepage. The vernacular part is mainly based on the 4103: 2272:

reported that the Chinese Knowledge had been unblocked that day in China; it had still been blocked the previous day. This came within the context of foreign journalists arriving in

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to submit it. All Wikimedia sites were unblocked between 17 and 21 June 2004. One month later, the first Chinese Wikipedian moderators' meeting was held in Beijing on 25 July 2004.

1140:. Further exacerbating the problem were differences in vocabulary (particularly nouns) and writing systems, between mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. For example, a 934:

The most discussed and debated topics on the Chinese Knowledge are political issues in Chinese modern history. For example, the six most edited articles as of August 2007 were

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similar to that between Simplified and Traditional Chinese; however, others pointed out that although conversion between Simplified and Traditional Chinese consists mainly of

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writing systems are available. Articles can be written in both of these systems, and displayed results are always in one of these, as it has a built-in character converter.

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related contents in which an administrator named "Shizhao" ("百無一用是書生" a.k.a. "時昭") was involved. The report also mentioned the failed recall of the administrator.

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The Chinese Knowledge currently has 1,444,591 articles, 3,592,336 registered users, and 7,139 active editors, of whom 64 have administrative privileges.

4250: 3197: 3100: 3041: 2974: 919: 3990: 2753: 2119:(i.e. the Roman pinyin of Taiwan Hakka). There are also many entries written in the vernacular of mainland Hakka, and even written in Hagfa Pinyim. 5105: 2779: 2378:. He joked about the incident, saying, "some may consider that is a kind of hate to libraries and hence is not suitable for monitoring Knowledge." 709:

The Chinese Knowledge was established along with 12 other Wikipedias in May 2001. At the beginning, however, the Chinese Knowledge did not support

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Originally, there were virtually two Chinese Wikipedias under the names of "zh" (or "zh-cn") and "zh-tw". Generally, users from regions that used

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On 3 July 2008, the government lifted the ban on accessing the Chinese Knowledge. However, some parts were still inaccessible. On 31 July 2008,

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2004. On the other hand, on today's site, some of the articles are put under protection which may last for a month or more without any actions.

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sites were blocked in mainland China. In response to the blocks, two moderators prepared an appeal to lift the block and asked their regional

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As of 4 October 2022, it contains 9,451 articles and has 30,608 contributors, including 28 active contributors and 1 administrator.

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Due to the audience base, Wikipedians from China, Taiwan, and other regions had engaged in editing conflicts over political topics related to

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that Mandarin-based Vernacular Chinese is the only form used in scholarly or academic contexts. Some also proposed the implementation of an

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significant controversy on Chinese Knowledge, and also drew critical commentary from Chinese media, where Knowledge is rarely discussed.

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The countries and territories in which the Chinese Knowledge is the most popular language version of Knowledge are shown in light green.

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Knowledge in good faith...Many people have felt unsafe for years, so restoring a shared sense of comfort is likely to take some time”.

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on the Chinese Knowledge, and in July 2013 7,500 of these users were active, with most of them originating from Hong Kong and Taiwan.

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push their preferred narrative on platforms that have respected worldwide credibility, as Knowledge's domestic equivalent in China,

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As of November 2023, it contains 10,153 articles and has 32,466 contributors, including 30 active contributors and 1 administrator.

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The resulting pro-Beijing Knowledge community, the Wikimedians of Mainland China (WMC), has clashed with Knowledge editors from

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In its early days, most articles on the Chinese Knowledge were translated from the English version. The first five sysops, or

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and used in all official contexts until the early 20th century, when it was displaced by the Vernacular Chinese standard.

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contentious Internet sites in mainland China, and Wikimedia sites have been blocked at least three times in its history.

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Many editing controversies arise from current and historical political events in Chinese-speaking regions, such as the

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According to a survey conducted between April 2010 and March 2011, edits to the Chinese Knowledge were 37.8% from

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Chinese Knowledge volunteers who edit on topics considered controversial by the state authorities, such as about

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and sometimes vocabulary substitutions, different regional varieties of Chinese differ so sharply in grammar,

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NB: the user can also choose to read each article in whichever script it is stored in, without conversion

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Baidu Baike and Hudong are both commercial products. Whereas the Chinese Knowledge is released under the

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On 19 May 2015, both the encrypted and unencrypted Chinese-language versions of Knowledge were blocked.

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Knowledge underwent a spike in growth from around 380 million to 620 million pageviews in six months.

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on 25 July 2004. Since then, Chinese Wikipedians from different regions have held many gatherings in

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The first block lasted from 2 to 21 June 2004. It began when access to the Chinese Knowledge from

5052: 4866: 4091:香港中文大学新闻与传播学院助理教授徐洛文（Lokman Tsui）告诉BBC Click节目："讲中国故事"这个概念在过去两年获得了极大的关注"。他们认为，"海外很多对中国的看法确实有误解。" 3158: 2532: 2399:, said in an interview with the BBC that " there a lot of misunderstandings about China abroad " 1962: 1487: 1440: 966: 911: 37: 3625: 3569: 931:

In April 2016, the project had 2,127 active editors who made at least five edits in that month.

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are normally not allowed to edit Knowledge, Knowledge administrators from China have permitted

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are normally not allowed to edit Knowledge, Knowledge administrators from China have permitted

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Some Chinese officials and scholars have accused Chinese Knowledge of having serious anti-

1061:. Several Chinese Wikipedians created the Knowledge monthly magazine, or journal, called " 8: 5057: 4901: 4831: 4826: 4733: 4728: 4688: 4648: 4623: 4613: 4578: 4550: 4410: 3129: 2560: 2387: 2185: 1564: 189: 153: 4183:"Knowledge wars: How Hongkongers and mainland Chinese are battling to set the narrative" 4157:"Knowledge wars: How Hongkongers and mainland Chinese are battling to set the narrative" 3338:"Knowledge wars: How Hongkongers and mainland Chinese are battling to set the narrative" 2941:"Knowledge wars: How Hongkongers and mainland Chinese are battling to set the narrative" 2441: 1731:

Finally, requests were also made, and granted, to create a Classical Chinese Knowledge (

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of the project, starting around January 2005, the Chinese Knowledge began providing a

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Editors from Wikimedians of Mainland China have clashed with Knowledge editors from

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in Baidu Baike had surpassed that of the Chinese Knowledge. As of October 2009,

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The Wikimedians of Mainland China has threatened to report Knowledge editors to

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for the Chinese language. On 17 November 2002, the user Mountain translated the

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name of Knowledge was decided on 21 October 2003, following a vote. The name (

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Knowledge was first introduced by the mainland Chinese media in the newspaper

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are a diverse group encompassing many regional topolects, most of which are

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Chinese Wikipedians advertise Knowledge in different ways. Many of them use

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Opening the Chinese Knowledge main page with Mozilla Firefox on Ubuntu 20.04

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on 27 October 2002 allowed Chinese language input. The domain was set to be

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By 5 April 2008, the Chinese Knowledge became difficult to access from the

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Automatic conversion between traditional and simplified Chinese characters

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Intellectual Property Policy Reform: Fostering Innovation and Development

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on 20 October 2003, in the article, "I join to write an encyclopedia" (

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that it was unrealistic to implement an automatic conversion program.

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Knowledge China Becomes Front Line for Views on Language and Culture

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Wiki reboot: Chinese Knowledge makes comeback after early censorship

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meta:automatic conversion between simplified and traditional Chinese

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On 23 April 2019, all versions of Knowledge were blocked in China.

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In October 2002, the first Chinese-language page was written, the

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and often divided up into several larger dialect groups, such as

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In October 2021, WMF's application to become an observer at the

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interviewed Shizhao and stated that he was not a member of the

2095: 1533: 1409: 1403: 1263: 1137: 1132: 1097: 1065:" in December 2012, which is currently published once a month. 1039: 1035: 1019: 995: 935: 915:

Origin of viewers by country over time on the Chinese Knowledge

830: 671: 632: 591: 1581:(i.e. the Guangzhou/Hong Kong/Macau dialect) as its standard. 4355: 2564: 2552: 2262: 2230: 2223: 1760: 1529: 1361: 1335: 1244: 1105: 943: 747:

In order to accommodate the orthographic differences between

4376:

Knowledge in mainland China: the critical years of 2005-2008

3065:"Knowledge infiltrators banned for pushing China propaganda" 2998:"Knowledge infiltrators banned for pushing China propaganda" 2461: 1940:

The Eastern Min Knowledge was originally written using only

639:

contribute most of the page views of the Chinese Knowledge.

3428:"How Hong Kong's keyboard warriors have besieged Knowledge" 1914: 1710: 1681: 1652: 1623: 886:

has become associated exclusively with Wikimedia projects.

859: 703: 3814:"China is now blocking all language editions of Knowledge" 2503:

2021 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Chinese Knowledge

2428:

2021 Wikimedia Foundation actions on the Chinese Knowledge

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Sukhbir Singh; Arturo Filastò; Maria Xynou (4 May 2019).

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is largely associated with the grammar and vocabulary of

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Christopher Arup, William van Caenegem (January 2009).

3425: 3752:"We Had Our Arguments, But We Will Miss You Knowledge" 2319:

reported the large-scale censorship of contents about

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Internet censorship in the People's Republic of China

2212: 744:, thus creating its first real encyclopedic article. 428: 414: 398: 384: 370: 356: 2606: 2391:

Chinese government". Jie Ding, an official from the

2107:The Hakka Knowledge was originally written only in 452: 51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3906: 3612: 3213:. Monday 5 August 2013. Retrieved on 9 March 2014. 3123: 3121: 2878:"Knowledge blames pro-China infiltration for bans" 2410:and accusation of "Anti-China false information". 2382:Allegations of bias against the Chinese Government 1917:. The writing system used in Mindong Knowledge is 1068: 4274:"Baidu May Be Worst Knowledge Copyright Violator" 2308: 1006:The first Chinese Wikipedian meeting was held in 958:, in that order. In contrast, issues such as the 5097: 3978:中国境内的官员和学者都已开始呼吁政府和人民系统纠正他们认为整个维基百科普遍存在的严重的反华偏见。 3326:. meta.wikimedia.org, retrieved in 29 July 2021. 3314:. 27 October 2013. Retrieved on 29 October 2013. 3157:. SourceForge.net. 20 April 2005. Archived from 2237:servers were not. Dozens of editors from across 1747:function similar to the Chinese Knowledge). The 3118: 2802:"Wikistats - Statistics For Wikimedia Projects" 3556:"Min Dong Knowledge at a glance November 2014" 3426:Manas Sharma; Simon Scarr (28 November 2019). 3190: 2511:, 13 September 2021 (00:13, 14 September 2021 2250:and as of 2 April 2008, the block was lifted. 2026: 1839: 874:(literally "dimension visitor" or similar) or 16:Standard Chinese–language edition of Knowledge 4418: 4333: 4046:"China and Taiwan clash over Knowledge edits" 4017:"China and Taiwan clash over Knowledge edits" 3840:"Knowledge blocked in China in all languages" 2915:"China and Taiwan clash over Knowledge edits" 2871: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2843:"Why Knowledge Banned Several Chinese Admins" 1367: 1347: 1341: 1318: 1298: 1292: 1269: 1250: 1231: 1214: 1169: 1161: 1153: 1145: 890: 889:The Chinese Knowledge also has a sub header: 881: 875: 869: 863: 850: 844: 772: 318: 304: 126: 3260:Chinese Knowledge, Active editors by country 2567:reviews. The content of the encyclopedia is 2303: 1668:and classical literary Wu as its standards. 1433:Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill Movement 1404:Differences with other versions of Knowledge 229: 4208:"Knowledge in Chinese editing war of words" 4130:"Knowledge in Chinese editing war of words" 3869: 3867: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2321:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 2177:was blocked on the 15th anniversary of the 1437:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 1057:, a Chinese socializing website similar to 4425: 4411: 3816:. Open Observatory of Network Interference 3623: 3127: 2862: 2836: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2754:"[Knowledge-l] new language wikis" 2705:Politics of the People's Republic of China 2571:in accordance with the regulations of the 1971: 622:The Chinese Knowledge has been blocked in 4391:China, Knowledge, and Censorship's Perils 3774: 2462:Clashes with Taiwan and Hong Kong editors 843:of "Wiki" is composed of two characters: 111:Learn how and when to remove this message 3864: 3279:Chinese Knowledge, Page views by country 2895: 2875: 2840: 2563:that registered users can edit, pending 2404:World Intellectual Property Organization 2134: 2094: 1771:respectively, which can be converted to 1454: 989: 918: 910: 858:The most common Chinese translation for 800: 697: 5106:Internet properties established in 2001 4271: 3624:Schwankert, Steven (6 September 2007). 2819: 1937:although most articles are in Foochow. 1451:Knowledge in other varieties of Chinese 1077:, can face harassment and persecution. 1042:and Hong Kong, and once every month in 5098: 4043: 4014: 3044:from the original on 16 September 2021 2977:from the original on 16 September 2021 2912: 2497:Bans on state-sponsored admins/editors 2422:State-sponsored editors/administrators 1775:, thus avoiding the issue completely. 517: 430: 4406: 4180: 4154: 3749: 3699: 3675:"Chinese Build Free Net Encyclopedia" 3632:from the original on 23 November 2007 3361: 3335: 3324:List of Wikipedias as of 29 July 2021 3128:Pasternack, Alex (18 December 2021). 3031: 2964: 2938: 2876:Vallance, Chris (16 September 2021). 2841:Harrison, Stephen (26 October 2021). 2573:People's Republic of China government 2547:On 20 April 2006, the online Chinese 1087: 702:Browsing the Chinese Knowledge on an 4311:from the original on 2 November 2017 4298: 4253:from the original on 2 December 2018 3805: 3780: 3681:from the original on 9 February 2006 3438:from the original on 1 December 2019 3241:from the original on 5 February 2012 2695:Censorship of Knowledge § China 2483:Hong Kong’s national security police 2393:China International Publishing Group 923:Page view statistics as of July 2012 680:Hong Kong's national security police 49:adding citations to reliable sources 20: 3783:"Knowledge Currently Down in China" 3731:"Beijing unblocks BBC Chinese site" 3458:"Page Edits Per Knowledge Language" 2485:hotline over the disputed article " 2370:) in 2007, enraging many Hong Kong 2313:In April 2010, Hong Kong newspaper 2284:and the Games' Chinese organizers. 2141:Great Firewall § Circumvention 713:, and had no encyclopedic content. 682:hotline over the disputed article " 13: 3793:from the original on 24 April 2019 3626:"Knowledge Blocked in China Again" 3464:from the original on 3 August 2011 2751: 2213:Third block and temporary unblocks 1463:The Chinese Knowledge is based on 330:Chinese-language Wiki-encyclopedia 176:Main page of the Chinese Knowledge 14: 5127: 4370:Chinese Wikimedia Conference 2006 4327: 3762:from the original on 19 June 2015 3407:from the original on 26 July 2021 3062: 3032:Mehta, Ivan (16 September 2021). 2995: 2965:Mehta, Ivan (16 September 2021). 2782:from the original on 12 June 2018 976: 839:) means "Wiki Encyclopedia". The 762:, were promoted on 14 June 2003. 4280:from the original on 5 June 2011 3852:from the original on 15 May 2019 3098: 2679: 2665: 2651: 2637: 2623: 2609: 1961: 1794: 1784: 170: 146: 141: 25: 5116:Wikipedias in Sinitic languages 4299:Chao, Loretta (29 March 2011). 4292: 4265: 4226: 4200: 4174: 4148: 4122: 4096: 4067: 4044:Miller, Carl (4 October 2019). 4037: 4015:Miller, Carl (4 October 2019). 4008: 3983: 3954: 3938:. 25 April 2010. Archived from 3890:. 23 April 2010. Archived from 3832: 3750:Smith, Charlie (18 June 2015). 3743: 3724: 3693: 3667: 3644: 3587: 3562: 3548: 3523: 3498: 3487: 3476: 3450: 3419: 3381: 3355: 3329: 3317: 3291: 3272: 3253: 3227: 3216: 3173: 3147: 3092: 3056: 3025: 2913:Miller, Carl (4 October 2019). 2397:Chinese University of Hong Kong 2287: 2282:International Olympic Committee 2203: 2081:: Hak-kâ-ngî Knowledge) is the 1929:that was introduced by Western 1069:State persecution of volunteers 516: 502: 488: 474: 453: 36:needs additional citations for 4272:Nystedt, Dan (6 August 2007). 4181:Cheng, Selina (11 July 2021). 4155:Cheng, Selina (11 July 2021). 3877:維基用戶罷免爭議管理員失敗轟政治審查過濾「六四」「席揚」 3700:Barak, Sylvie (3 April 2008). 3362:Cheng, Selina (14 July 2021). 3336:Cheng, Selina (11 July 2021). 2989: 2958: 2939:Cheng, Selina (11 July 2021). 2932: 2794: 2768: 2745: 2580:GNU Free Documentation License 2542: 2366: 2340:Concert For Democracy in China 2309:2010 Administrator Controversy 2295: 2179:1989 Tiananmen Square protests 2168: 1942:Fuzhou romanization characters 1778: 1773:Traditional Chinese characters 1429:autonomy movement of Hong Kong 1232: 1215: 1168:in Singapore and Malaysia and 1154: 1146: 1094:Traditional Chinese characters 891: 882: 876: 870: 864: 851: 845: 835: 826: 773: 753:traditional Chinese characters 596: 570: 545: 429: 415: 399: 385: 371: 357: 319: 305: 127: 1: 3991:"中國對外傳播在維基百科平臺中的機遇與挑戰 - 中國知網" 2738: 2122: 1986:Internet encyclopedia project 1909:. The project was started on 1809:Internet encyclopedia project 1519:, and is often read in local 1110:Simplified Chinese characters 749:simplified Chinese characters 3677:. PCworld.com. 4 June 1989. 2487:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 1526:automatic conversion program 1368: 1348: 1342: 1319: 1299: 1293: 1270: 1251: 1170: 1162: 1160:in Hong Kong and Macau, but 1048:Chinese Wikimedia Conference 960:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 906: 684:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests 7: 4434:Knowledge language editions 4301:"Baidu Takes Authors' Fire" 4239:. Edward Elgar Publishing. 3702:"China uncensors Knowledge" 3531:"List of Wikipedias - Meta" 2602: 2453:, lacks credibility due to 1955: 1725:Traditional and Simplified 1584:Traditional and Simplified 1179: 985: 962:are much less contentious. 489:Zung1man4 Wai4gei1 Baak3fo1 10: 5132: 4729:Norwegian (Bokmål/Riksmål) 2500: 2434:censored in mainland China 2425: 2276:to report on the upcoming 2229:were blocked, whereas the 2151:internet service providers 2147:People's Republic of China 2138: 1465:written vernacular Chinese 1421:political status of Taiwan 1384:For more information, see: 994:2013 Winter-Break-Meetup, 693: 644:censored in mainland China 602:written vernacular Chinese 503:Zung¹men⁴ Wei⁴géi¹ Bag³fo¹ 200:Written vernacular Chinese 5081: 5010: 4847:Belarusian (Taraškievica) 4812: 4569: 4498: 4462: 4441: 4187:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 4161:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 3368:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 3342:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 3203:24 September 2015 at the 2945:Hong Kong Free Press HKFP 2355: 2304:Controversy and criticism 2194:internet service provider 2053: 2045: 2037: 2021: 2011: 2001: 1991: 1979: 1970: 1933:in the 19th century, and 1866: 1858: 1850: 1834: 1824: 1814: 1802: 1793: 1763:Wikipedias currently use 1383: 1378: 1364:terms (added in mid 2013) 1315:terms (added in mid 2018) 796: 612:. It has been run by the 530: 509: 495: 481: 467: 460: 446: 439: 422: 408: 401:Chung-wen Wei-chi Pai-k'o 392: 378: 364: 350: 343: 338: 334: 326: 312: 298: 294: 289: 274: 256: 248: 240: 224: 214: 195: 183: 164: 140: 3924: 3876: 3628:. IDG News via PCworld. 3304:28 November 2018 at the 3210:South China Morning Post 789:South China Morning Post 768:China Computer Education 300:Traditional Chinese 5087:List of Wikimedia wikis 4305:The Wall Street Journal 4081:(in Simplified Chinese) 3968:(in Simplified Chinese) 3664:，Retrieved 19 May 2015. 2533:Chinese Communist Party 1870:September 30, 2006 1488:mutually unintelligible 1441:Chinese Communist Party 967:Cross-Straits relations 475:Jūngmàhn Wàihgēi Baakfō 454:Chûng-vùn Vì-kî Pak-khô 416:Jhong-wún Wéi-ji Bǎi-ke 314:Simplified Chinese 5111:Wikipedias by language 3288:, Wikimedia Statistics 3269:, Wikimedia Statistics 2367:Fú jiā shǐzhōng yǒu nǐ 2255:Sun Yat-Sen University 2104: 2059:; 17 years ago 1925:based on the standard 1894:: Bànguâpedia) is the 1872:; 18 years ago 1460: 1360:Traditional and using 1330:Traditional and using 1262:Traditional and using 1152:in mainland China and 1003: 924: 916: 814: 706: 262:; 23 years ago 4380:Oxford Internet Suite 3925:險遭罷免維基管理員：我非五毛編輯方針不變 3736:5 August 2008 at the 3223:zh:维基百科:Knowledge的中文名 2715:Chinese encyclopedias 2710:Golden Shield Project 2501:Further information: 2376:Manual for Librarians 2135:Blocking of Knowledge 2098: 1923:romanized orthography 1888:Eastern Min Knowledge 1789:Eastern Min Knowledge 1458: 1425:independence movement 1334:(and until mid 2013, 1311:Simplified and using 1285:(and until mid 2018, 1281:Simplified and using 1243:Simplified and using 993: 922: 914: 868:; however, it can be 841:Chinese transcription 812: 701: 372:ㄓㄨㄥㄨㄣˊ ㄨㄟˊ ㄐㄧㄅㄞˇ ㄎㄜ 278:Active but banned in 4108:Wikimedia Foundation 3740:, BBC, 31 July 2008. 3284:11 July 2020 at the 3265:11 July 2020 at the 2806:Wikimedia Statistics 2778:. 4 September 2015. 2517:Wikimedia Foundation 2348:Hong Kong government 2265:were still blocked. 2190:Wikimedia Foundation 2159:practice of blocking 2016:Wikimedia Foundation 1907:Wikimedia Foundation 1829:Wikimedia Foundation 1484:varieties of Chinese 928:from China as well. 616:since 11 May 2001. 614:Wikimedia Foundation 597:Zhōngwén Wéijī Bǎikē 358:Zhōngwén Wéijī Bǎikē 219:Wikimedia Foundation 45:improve this article 4734:Norwegian (Nynorsk) 3656:27 May 2015 at the 2729:, 26 September 2021 2561:online encyclopedia 2186:Taiwan independence 1967: 1790: 1565:Cantonese Knowledge 1396:one specific page. 1184:To avoid this near- 542:traditional Chinese 497:Canton Romanization 386:Jongwen Weiji Baeke 275:Current status 190:Online encyclopedia 154:Traditional Chinese 137: 60:"Chinese Knowledge" 4887:Kurdish (Kurmanji) 4399:. 20 October 2007. 4075:"维基百科台湾词条背后的编辑权之争" 3962:"维基百科台湾词条背后的编辑权之争" 3942:on 14 January 2014 3894:on 14 January 2014 3576:, 28 February 2021 3535:meta.wikimedia.org 3512:, 28 November 2023 3460:. statswikimedia. 3311:The New York Times 3161:on 5 November 2012 2764:on 6 January 2016. 2720:List of Wikipedias 2442:IP block exemption 2388:Chinese government 2105: 1960: 1935:Chinese Characters 1783: 1700:) and Traditional 1642:) and Traditional 1613:) and Traditional 1511:local dialects in 1461: 1130:) and Simplified ( 1088:Original situation 1075:Hong Kong protests 1004: 925: 917: 815: 711:Chinese characters 707: 652:IP block exemption 567:simplified Chinese 158:Simplified Chinese 123: 5093: 5092: 4384:Oxford University 4374:Liao, Tan-Heng. " 4334:Chinese Knowledge 4214:. 29 October 2021 4136:. 29 October 2021 3599:hak.wikipedia.org 3574:Knowledge, the 💕 2071: 2070: 1992:Available in 1919:Foochow Romanized 1892:Foochow Romanized 1884: 1883: 1815:Available in 1757:Mindong Knowledge 1737:Classical Chinese 1729: 1728: 1722:as its standard. 1693:as its standard. 1635:as its standard. 1619:Mindong Knowledge 1606:as its standard. 1393: 1392: 810: 786:Ivan Zhai of the 538:Chinese Knowledge 534: 533: 526: 525: 469:Yale Romanization 345:Standard Mandarin 290:Chinese Knowledge 285: 284: 196:Available in 124:Chinese Knowledge 121: 120: 113: 95: 5123: 4892:Kurdish (Sorani) 4436:by article count 4427: 4420: 4413: 4404: 4403: 4366: 4352: 4338: 4321: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4296: 4290: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4269: 4263: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4230: 4224: 4223: 4221: 4219: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4195: 4193: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4152: 4146: 4145: 4143: 4141: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4110:. 5 October 2021 4100: 4094: 4093: 4088: 4086: 4071: 4065: 4064: 4058: 4056: 4041: 4035: 4034: 4029: 4027: 4012: 4006: 4005: 4003: 4001: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3973: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3919: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3871: 3862: 3861: 3859: 3857: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3823: 3821: 3809: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3781:Gandolfo, Ryan. 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3747: 3741: 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3708:. Archived from 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3671: 3665: 3648: 3642: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3621: 3610: 3609: 3607: 3605: 3595:"統計 - 自由編輯个維基百科" 3591: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3566: 3560: 3559: 3552: 3546: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3527: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3517: 3502: 3496: 3491: 3485: 3480: 3474: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3412: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3376: 3374: 3359: 3353: 3352: 3350: 3348: 3333: 3327: 3321: 3315: 3295: 3289: 3276: 3270: 3257: 3251: 3250: 3248: 3246: 3231: 3225: 3220: 3214: 3194: 3188: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3168: 3166: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3105:www.engadget.com 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3060: 3054: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 2993: 2987: 2986: 2984: 2982: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2936: 2930: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2910: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2873: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2838: 2817: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2798: 2792: 2791: 2789: 2787: 2772: 2766: 2765: 2760:. Archived from 2749: 2689: 2684: 2683: 2682: 2675: 2673:Singapore portal 2670: 2669: 2668: 2661: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2647: 2645:Hong Kong portal 2642: 2641: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2627: 2626: 2619: 2617:Knowledge portal 2614: 2613: 2612: 2368: 2359: 2330:In a follow-up, 2092: 2067: 2065: 2060: 2057:27 May 2007 2033: 2030: 2028: 1975: 1968: 1965: 1959: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1798: 1791: 1788: 1782: 1720:Nanchang dialect 1590:Minnan Knowledge 1547: 1546: 1473:Standard Chinese 1439:, issues of the 1371: 1370: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1344: 1322: 1321: 1302: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1273: 1272: 1254: 1253: 1245:Mainland Chinese 1235: 1234: 1218: 1217: 1195: 1194: 1175: 1174: 1167: 1166: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1150: 1135: 1129: 894: 893: 885: 884: 879: 878: 873: 872: 867: 866: 854: 853: 848: 847: 837: 828: 811: 776: 775: 738:Computer science 726:zh.wikipedia.org 629:Chinese diaspora 606:Mandarin Chinese 598: 589: 564: 522: 521: 520: 505: 504: 491: 490: 477: 476: 456: 455: 435: 434: 433: 418: 417: 404: 403: 402: 388: 387: 374: 373: 360: 359: 336: 335: 322: 321: 308: 307: 287: 286: 270: 268: 263: 260:11 May 2001 236: 233: 231: 174: 152:Website logo in 150: 145: 138: 136: 135: 122: 116: 109: 105: 102: 96: 94: 53: 29: 21: 5131: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5120: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5089: 5077: 5028:Dutch Low Saxon 5006: 4992:Western Punjabi 4957:Scottish Gaelic 4814: 4808: 4571: 4565: 4516:Egyptian Arabic 4494: 4458: 4437: 4431: 4364: 4350: 4336: 4330: 4325: 4324: 4314: 4312: 4297: 4293: 4283: 4281: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4247: 4231: 4227: 4217: 4215: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4191: 4189: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4137: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4102: 4101: 4097: 4084: 4082: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4054: 4052: 4042: 4038: 4025: 4023: 4013: 4009: 3999: 3997: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3971: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3926: 3921: 3920: 3907: 3897: 3895: 3878: 3873: 3872: 3865: 3855: 3853: 3848:. 14 May 2019. 3838: 3837: 3833: 3819: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3796: 3794: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3756:Huffington Post 3748: 3744: 3738:Wayback Machine 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3712:on 6 April 2008 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3673: 3672: 3668: 3658:Wayback Machine 3649: 3645: 3635: 3633: 3622: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3593: 3592: 3588: 3579: 3577: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3554: 3553: 3549: 3539: 3537: 3529: 3528: 3524: 3515: 3513: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3488: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3424: 3420: 3410: 3408: 3387: 3386: 3382: 3372: 3370: 3360: 3356: 3346: 3344: 3334: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3306:Wayback Machine 3296: 3292: 3286:Wayback Machine 3277: 3273: 3267:Wayback Machine 3258: 3254: 3244: 3242: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3221: 3217: 3205:Wayback Machine 3195: 3191: 3178: 3174: 3164: 3162: 3153: 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3126: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3061: 3057: 3047: 3045: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 2994: 2990: 2980: 2978: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2937: 2933: 2923: 2921: 2911: 2896: 2886: 2884: 2874: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2839: 2820: 2810: 2808: 2800: 2799: 2795: 2785: 2783: 2774: 2773: 2769: 2752:Richey, Jason. 2750: 2746: 2741: 2687:Malaysia portal 2685: 2680: 2678: 2671: 2666: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2650: 2643: 2638: 2636: 2629: 2624: 2622: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2596:self-censorship 2545: 2505: 2499: 2464: 2455:self-censorship 2430: 2424: 2384: 2311: 2306: 2298: 2290: 2215: 2206: 2171: 2157:have adopted a 2143: 2137: 2125: 2117:Taiwanese Hakka 2090: 2075:Hakka Knowledge 2063: 2061: 2058: 2025: 1982: 1966:Hakka Knowledge 1958: 1946:Hakka Knowledge 1876: 1874: 1871: 1838: 1805: 1781: 1751:Knowledge uses 1741:classical works 1677:Hakka Knowledge 1559:Writing system 1453: 1406: 1385: 1352:until mid 2013) 1303:until mid 2018) 1182: 1131: 1125: 1090: 1083: 1071: 1063:The Wikipedians 988: 979: 952:Chiang Kai-shek 940:Chinese culture 909: 801: 799: 722:software update 696: 631:. Editors from 410:Tongyong Pinyin 400: 380:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 327:Literal meaning 266: 264: 261: 228: 186: 179: 178: 177: 168: 160: 125: 117: 106: 100: 97: 54: 52: 42: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5129: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5108: 5091: 5090: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5012: 5008: 5007: 5005: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4834: 4829: 4824: 4818: 4816: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4766: 4761: 4756: 4754:Simple English 4751: 4749:Serbo-Croatian 4746: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4716: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4696: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4575: 4573: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4543: 4538: 4533: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4513: 4508: 4502: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4472: 4466: 4464: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4445: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4430: 4429: 4422: 4415: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4387: 4372: 4367: 4353: 4339: 4329: 4328:External links 4326: 4323: 4322: 4291: 4264: 4245: 4225: 4199: 4173: 4147: 4121: 4095: 4066: 4036: 4007: 3995:cnki.cn-ki.net 3982: 3953: 3934:(in Chinese). 3905: 3886:(in Chinese). 3863: 3831: 3804: 3787:That's Beijing 3773: 3742: 3723: 3692: 3666: 3643: 3611: 3586: 3561: 3547: 3522: 3497: 3486: 3475: 3449: 3418: 3380: 3354: 3328: 3316: 3297:Tsoi, Grace. 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