Music of China - Knowledge

696: 3589:. The former provided the driving force and often the life force that kept a tradition alive through the Mao years, especially in his adopted city of Beijing, and the latter has been instrumental in maintaining a high standard of symphonic music, as well as working hard for the popularization of the tradition further into the fabric of Chinese culture, across his long career, which continues to the present. At the same time as this tradition has continued, new generations have sought to bring classical music in China along another path, away from the strict professionalism of the elite trained Li and Cao (who were both at the Russian conservatory in the 1950s) and towards a less nationalistic, but arguably more encompassing attitude towards the tradition. Most influential in this new movement has been the young Shanghai conductor 803: 1855:

tones, or a combination of both. These similarities mean that the instrument is a very important part in mastering technique with both left and right hands (left hand is used to create tonality on the string, right hand is for plucking or strumming the string), particularly for the classical (literati) tradition. Sometimes, singing can be put into the music to create a harmony or a melody accompanying the instrument. Han Chinese Folk's feelings are displayed in its poetry-like feeling to it with slow soothing tempos that express feelings that connect with the audience or whoever is playing the piece. Han folk music uses silences that alter its meaning, creating a sound similar to poetry.

1009: 1387: 852: 1001: 637: 8059: 814: 939:(618-907AD), though the qin is known to have been played since before the Han dynasty. This is based on the conjecture that because the recorded examples of Chinese music are ceremonial, and the ceremonies in which they were employed are thought to have existed "perhaps more than one thousand years before Christ", the musical compositions themselves were performed, even in 1000 BC, in precisely the manner prescribed by the sources that were written down in the seventh century AD. (It is based on this conjecture that Van Aalst dates the "Entrance Hymn for the Emperor" to c. 1000 BC.) 886: 562:(1122–256 BC) that set the tone for the continual development of Chinese musicology in following dynasties. These developed into a wide variety of forms through succeeding dynasties, producing the heritage that is part of the Chinese cultural landscape today. Traditional forms continued to evolve in the modern times, and over the course of the last centuries forms appropriated from the West have become widespread. Today's Chinese music is both rooted in history and part of a global culture. 578: 1170: 6013: 6023: 2959:, or national music, became popular in the early 20th century and was used loosely to include all music written for Chinese instruments in response to a particular nationalistic consciousness. The term however may have a slightly different meaning when used by different Chinese communities. It was originally used only to refer to the music of the Han Chinese; it later began to include music of various ethnic minorities in China. In the 1786: 439: 2842: 2995: 1859: 2773: 2284: 2573: 34: 3244:

overtaken Taiwan in term of the retail value of its music sales. The beginning of the 21st century has seen an increasing number of mainland Chinese artists who produced a wide range of Mandarin pop songs and the release of many new albums. However, despite having a much larger population and increasing consumption of Chinese pop music, China is not yet considered a major production hub of pop music.

1693: 622: 5484: 1335:. Normally there is some delay before the products are released into mainland China, with occasional exceptions, such as the work of Cui Jian, which was released in Taiwan, Hong Kong and mainland China simultaneously. Consequently, a delay in release time is also the biggest driver of piracy, since individuals would rather pirate from the outside. The modern market is not only hindered by 8047: 874:(140–87 BC) and charged with supervising court music and military music and determining what folk music would be officially recognized. In subsequent dynasties, the development of Chinese music was influenced by the musical traditions of Central Asia which also introduced elements of Indian music. Instruments of Central Asian origin such as 1259:, which remained popular in the 1990s. However, music in China is very much state-owned as the TV, media, and major concert halls are all controlled by the CCP. The government mainly chose not to support Chinese rock by limiting its exposure and airtime. As a result, the genre never reached the mainstream in its entirety. 1244:, pushed revolutionary music as the only acceptable genre; because of propaganda, this genre largely overshadowed all others and came almost to define mainland Chinese music. This is still, in some ways, an ongoing process, but some scholars and musicians (Chinese and otherwise) are trying to revive old music. 743:, and this concept has had an enduring influence over later Chinese thinking on music. "Correct" music according to Zhou concept would involve instruments correlating to the five elements of nature and would bring harmony to nature. Around or before the 7th century BC, a system of pitch generation and 3561:

Whereas orchestras organised by, run solely by and nearly always exclusive to the expatriate community in China are recorded from the early days of the International Settlement in Shanghai (i.e. 1850s) and a Russian orchestra was in operation in Harbin from the early 20th century, the beginnings of a

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Mandarin rap music gradually became popular in mainland China, especially in Shanghai, Beijing, Chongqing and Sichuan where pop culture is very diverse and modern. Although Chinese perform rap in different dialects and languages, most Chinese hip hop artists perform in China's most popular language:

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accompanies most music, dance, talks, and opera. Han folk music had many aspects to it regarding its meaning, feelings, and tonality. This genre of music, in a sense, is similar to the Chinese language. This relationship is made by tones, sliding from higher tones to lower tones, or lower to higher

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was banned from returning to the mainland concert stage after performing the song "Bad Girl" during the 1990s in China as punishment for what the Chinese government called her rebellious attitude. Nevertheless, pop music continued to increase in popularity in mainland China, and by 2005, China had

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In ancient China the social status of musicians was much lower than that of painters, though music was seen as central to the harmony and longevity of the state. Almost every emperor took folk songs seriously, sending officers to collect songs to record the popular culture. One of the Confucianist

2936:. Much of what Westerners and even Chinese now consider to be music in the traditional Chinese style can be dated to this period and is in fact less than 100 years old. The modernization of Chinese music involved the adoption of some aspects of Western forms and values, such as the use of Western 3094:

is made by using a solid piece of bamboo which made it impossible to change the fundamental tuning once the bamboo is cut. This issue was resolved in the 1920s by the insertion of a copper joint to connect two pieces of shorter bamboo, which allows the length of the bamboo to be modified so that

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Bangzi accent: also known as "Xiqin" or "Luantan", because the music uses hardwood clappers, it is also called Bangzi tune. Originated from Northwest China. Mainly in seven tones. High-pitched and agitated, tragic and rough. The types of opera include Qin Opera, Jin Opera, Henan Opera, and Hebei

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UnderBaby rose to fame underground in the mid-1990s, laying the foundation for Beijing punk music in the 1990s along with two garage bands, Flies and Catchers of the Rye. In 1996, UnderBaby's song "All the Same" - "All One Yang" was included in the Chinese indie rock album "China Fire II", thus

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are sometimes considered pockets of rock music culture as well. It points to a significant cultural, political, and social difference that exist between China, the West, or even different parts within China. While rock has existed in China for decades, the milestone that put the genre on the

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Zhuang folk songs and Han Chinese music are a similar style, and are mostly in the pentatonic scale. The lyrics have an obvious antithesis format. They frequently contain symbols and metaphors, and common themes include life experiences as well as allusions to classical Chinese stories.

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In order to achieve a greater vibrancy and loudness with instruments (not to mention longevity), many string instruments are no longer strung with silk but with steel or nylon. For example, metal strings began to be used in place of the traditional silk ones in the 1950s for

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and surrounding areas. It is based on Yueju (Cantonese Opera) music, together with new compositions from the 1920s onwards. Many pieces have influences from jazz and Western music, using syncopation and triple time. This music tells stories and myths, maybe legends.

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vary according to the mood of the instrumentalist, the audience, and their reaction to what is being played, the same melody can be used to serve many different roles be it merry, melancholic or martial (this can be glimpsed in the love theme of the

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and to celebrate a variety of festivals during the year. The most specialized form of chanting is called yang, which is without metrical timing and is dominated by resonant drums and sustained, low syllables. Other forms of chanting are unique to

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are regarded as the most important band in the development of Chinese experimental rock music. The band moved to Beijing in 2001 and released their first album 'Upstairs, Turn Left' the same year. P.K. 14's singer-songwriter Yang Haisong

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system of teaching, and changes to the instruments and their tuning, the composition, the orchestration of music, the notation system and performance style. Some forms of Chinese music however remained traditional and are little changed.

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Xi Jinping, the current leader, has backed the revival of old instruments. They feature on China's list of nominations for UNESCO's record of "intangible cultural heritage of humanity". This is part of a broader effort to celebrate past

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In the mid- to late 1980s, a relaxation of governmental rules allowed a form of Tibetan pop music to emerge in Tibet proper. Direct references to native religion is still forbidden, but commonly understood metaphors are widespread. Pure

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In recent years, numerous of local Chinese electronic music producers have emerged and got signed by international major labels. Chace, the first Chinese disc jockey (DJ) to play on the main stage of Tomorrowland, has been signed by

943: 2764:. Politically and socially aware songs are rare in this form of pop, but commonplace in a second type of Tibetan pop. Nangma karaoke bars appeared in 1998 and are common in Lhasa, in spite of threats from the Chinese government. 1487: 1476: 731:) in ancient China can also refer to dance as music and dance were considered integral part of the whole, and its meaning can also be further extended to poetry as well as other art forms and rituals. The word "dance" ( 3219:

in 1952 left China. Mainland China was left on the sidelines in the development of pop music for a few decades, as the Chinese pop music industry moved from Shanghai to Hong Kong and Taiwan. The 1970s saw the rise of

1132:-controlled areas to adapt folk music to create revolutionary songs to educate the largely illiterate rural population on party goals. Musical forms considered superstitious or anti-revolutionary were repressed, and 945: 2051:

Pi Huang accent: It is an opera tune formed by the integration of the southeast and northwest regions of China. Composed of "Xipi" and "Erhuang". The main types of operas are Peking Opera (Beijing), Han Opera

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in 2003, at the age of 42. China has also become a destination of major Western rock and pop artists; many foreign acts have toured in China and performed in multiple concerts in recent decades, including

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The revolutionary spirit of Yin Zizhong's (or romanized Wan-Chi Chung's) style has been continued by the first generation of composers immediately following the accession of the CCP to power, namely

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In common with the music traditions of other Asian cultures, such as Persia and India, one strand of traditional Chinese music consists of a repertoire of traditional melodies, together known as

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culture of Hong Kong and Taiwan, and pop music returned to mainland China. However, for a time the government still have a censorious attitude toward pop music; for example, Hong Kong's icon

5506: 7053: 1477: 3035:) in the court. The Tang imperial court may have up to ten different orchestras, each performing a different kind of music. It also had a large outdoor band of nearly 1,400 performers. 2017:

during the original Song and Yuan dynasties. The accent voice is soft and delicate. It later developed into South kun accent and North Kun accent. Southkun accent dialect is popular in

739:) performed in rituals in the royal court. Music in the Zhou dynasty was conceived as a cosmological manifestation of the sound of nature integrated into the binary universal order of 7690: 735:) similarly also referred to music, and every dance would have had a piece of music associated with it. The most important set of music of the period was the Six-dynasty Music Dance ( 931:) or the Solitary Orchid, composed during the 6th or 7th century, but has also been attributed to Confucius. The first major well-documented flowering of Chinese music was for the 3575: 5191:

Goodman, Howard L.; Lien, Y. Edmund (April 2009). "A Third Century AD Chinese System of Di-Flute Temperament: Matching Ancient Pitch-Standards and Confronting Modal Practice".

2622:. Of these schools, Gelugpa is considered a more restrained, classical form, while Nyingmapa is widely described as romantic and dramatic. Gelugpa is perhaps the most popular. 776:, a powerful ruler once asked him whether it was moral if he preferred popular music to the classics. The answer was that it only mattered that the ruler loved his subjects. 5619: 3611:, political music became the dominant form. Music accelerated at the political level into "Revolutionary Music" leaning toward cult status and becoming mainstream under the 2161:, consisting of wind and percussive instruments, is popular around Xi'an, and has received some commercial popularity outside of China. Another important instrument is the 944: 1488: 7838: 5983: 3066:

Many traditional instruments underwent changes in the early to mid 20th century which has a profound effect on the performance and sound of Chinese music, and a western

1444:; instruments are traditionally divided into categories based on their material of composition: animal skins, gourd, bamboo, wood, silk, earth/clay, metal, and stone. 5327:

Rees, Helen with Zingrong, Zhang and Wei, Li. "Sounds of the Frontiers". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.),

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to be morally uplifting and the symbol of a good ruler and stable government. Some popular forms of music, however, were considered corrupting in the Confucian view.

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where the same melody at different points in the lover's story reflects elation, turbulence and dejection). Many modern performers now play pieces by following a

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of the 1910s and 1920s produced a great deal of lasting interest in Western music. A number of Chinese musicians returned from studying abroad to perform Western

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The Dai ethnic musical styles are similar to those of South Asia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Some typical Dai instruments are the hulusi and the elephant-foot drum.

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Shoesmith, Brian. Rossiter, Ned. (2004). Refashioning Pop Music in Asia: Cosmopolitan flows, political tempos and aesthetic Industries. Routeledge Publishing.

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forms. These complex symphonies vary wildly between suites in the same muqam, and are built on a seven-note scale. Instruments typically include dap (a drum),

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A growing number of Chinese producers seek to collaborate with renowned foreign musicians and singers from the Western world. Local electronic music producer

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and bowed or plucked string instruments to make harmonious and melodious music that has become popular in the West among some listeners. These are popular in

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is a comprehensive stage art that integrates literature, music, dance, martial arts, acrobatics, performance, and other artistic means. The basic skills are

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dates back 7,000 years. Not only in form but also in artistic conception, China has been the home of a colorful culture of folk music. Largely based on the

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Chinese opera accent: There are different types of drama in different regions, but they all have similarities. The four major accents in modern times are

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is now used to tune most traditional instruments, which to modern ears seem less harsh and more harmonious but which also robs the instruments of their

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was used in China. He became the most famous performer of the time, and by 1988 he performed at a concert broadcast worldwide in conjunction with the

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and Wang Guangqi wanted to see Chinese music adopted to the best standard possible. There were many different opinions regarding the best standard.

6968: 3399: 1469: 309: 289: 4981: 3681: 3470: 3438: 754:, a correct form of music is important for the cultivation and refinement of the individual, and the Confucian system considers the formal music 68: 3466: 2597:

remains perhaps the best known form of Tibetan Buddhist music, complex and lively forms are also widespread. Monks use music to recite various

2204:, as well as other traditional instruments. The music is generally sorrowful and typically deals with a love-stricken woman. Further south, in 4263: 551:. It includes traditional classical forms and indigenous folk music, as well as recorded popular music and forms inspired by Western culture. 7514: 5228:

Jones, Steven. "The East Is Red... And White"". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.),

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genre. The shidaiqu genre was founded by Li Jinhui in mainland China and was influenced by Western jazz artists like Buck Clayton. After the

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Lee, Joanna. "Cantopop and Protest Singers". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.),

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bands were imported into mainland China for the first time. One of the earliest and most renowned punk-influenced Chinese artists was

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when the instruments are played in an orchestra, which in turn may also affect how the instrument is made. For example, traditionally

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is perhaps the most revered instrument in China, even though very few people know what it is or seen and heard one being played. The

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rather than harmonic. Chinese vocal music probably developed from sung poems and verses with music. Instrumental pieces played on an

4387:"Traditional Chinese music - an introduction to classical (Literati) tradition and its relation to Chinese calligraphy and painting" 3574:

at an early age. He studied in Lyons and Paris before returning to China in the 1930s. He became the first Chinese conductor of the

7088: 7073: 6973: 6830: 6788: 3391:. His socially critical lyrics earned him the anger of the government and many of his concerts were banned or cancelled. After the 3332: 2889: 420: 234: 4081:

Jones. Andrew F. (2001). Yellow Music — CL: Media Culture and Colonial Modernity in the Chinese Jazz Age. Duke University Press.

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to encompass all compositions and genres for traditional instruments. In other Chinese communities, it may also be referred to as

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Today, rock music is centered on almost exclusively in Beijing and Shanghai, and has very limited influence over Chinese society.

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Archaeological evidence indicates that music culture developed in China from a very early period. Excavations in Jiahu Village in

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India and China: Interactions through Buddhism and Diplomacy: A Collection of Essays by Professor Prabodh Chandra Bagchi . p.210

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Many popular mainland Chinese, Hong Kong and Taiwanese music artists were included in promotions for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

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instruments or in small ensembles of plucked and bowed stringed instruments, flutes, and various cymbals, gongs, and drums. The

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Trewin, Mark. "Raising the Roof". 2000. In Broughton, Simon and Ellingham, Mark with McConnachie, James and Duane, Orla (Ed.),

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unique classical music tradition in China lie with the first foreign trained Chinese conductor, Zheng Zhisheng AKA (romanized)

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the number of frets was increased to 24, based on the 12 tone equal temperament scale, with all the intervals being semitones.

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is very popular, and is distinguished by ornate, elegant and ceremonial music honoring dignitaries or other respected persons.

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Keane, Michael. Donald, Stephanie. Hong, Yin. (2002). Media in China: Consumption, Content and Crisis. Routledge Publishing.

2384:) or Third Sister Liu, born in Guangxi during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) and who was the subject of the 1961 film, 7695: 7083: 6145: 6123: 5356: 5311: 5222: 5181: 5162: 5123: 5084: 5036: 5009: 4704: 4639: 4612: 4585: 4558: 4531: 3979: 3952: 3914: 3887: 3855: 3828: 3801: 503: 4738:"A brief history of china's music industry – part 3: the recorded music industry in china from the 1950s to the early 2000s" 3537:

Since the early 2000s, Chinese indie music has grown considerably, with homegrown bands such as Carsick Cars, Birdstriking,

3099:, "new flute", is a 1930s redesign of the Chinese flute incorporating western influences on the basis of equal temperament. 1992:, clown roles). Chinese opera music is mainly composed of singing (vocal singing and aside) and instrumental accompaniment. 882:

was introduced in the 6th century by a musician from Kucha named Sujiva, although the heptatonic scale was later abandoned.

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Broughton, Simon. Ellingham, Mark. Trillo, Richard. (2000) World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides Publishing Company.

3159: 3074:. To ears now used to hearing modern tunings, even Chinese ones, traditional tunings can sound out of tune and discordant. 2678:

songs, which are distinctively high in pitch with glottal vibrations, as well as now rare epic bards who sing the tales of

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Mongolian folk songs have a "long tune" and a "short tune". The Mongolians have a variety of stringed instruments such as

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is a type of rhythmic talking and singing which is often performed with percussive instruments such as a clapper called

2105:, Chinese folk music is different from western traditional music, paying more attention to the form expression as well. 6958: 6793: 6173: 5447: 5154: 4857: 4783: 4110: 4027: 4002: 17: 2640:

form, which has since been modernized with the addition of Western and other influences. Other secular genres include

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and Zhebei, and there are more literary operas, using five-tone tones. Nouthkun accent dialect is popular in Beijing,

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are indigenous, although many popular traditional musical instruments were introduced from Central Asia, such as the

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and Italian DJ duo Maximals to release single "Work It Harder". At the meantime, local electronic singer-songwriter

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was favored, but the new music and arrangements of traditional melodies created for this modern orchestra is more

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with 15% and Kuwo with 13%. China was expected to become one of the largest music markets in the world by 2020.

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Secular Tibetan music survived the Cultural Revolution more intact than spiritual music, especially due to the

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HQ-Videos: Traditional Chinese Pipa Songs 陽春白雪 (White Snow in the Spring Sunlight) and 小月儿高 (The Moon is High)

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People of the Han ethnic group make up about 92% of the population of China. Han people's music consists of

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was created based on the pitches of the bamboo pipes, the first of these pipes produced the 'yellow bell' (

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emphasized music of the mainland China over the Taiwanese local traditions. In mainland China a new term

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is considered to be founder of the genre. Popular singers in this genre in the 1930s and 1940s included

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individual way of tradition, this can at times lead to the feeling that a performance has been rushed.

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consists of many distinct traditions, often specifically originating with one of the country's various

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Rhetoric of the Chinese Cultural Revolution: The Impact on Chinese Thought, Culture, and Communication

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to create a system of music, made bamboo pipes tuned to the sounds of birds including the phoenix. A

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Zuiyu Changwan (The Evening Song of the Drunken Fisherman) for qin from the Tianwen Ge Qinpu (1876).

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Yangguan Sandie , one of the great Tang masterpieces found in the Qinxue Rumen (1867) played on qin.

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A History of Sino-Indian Relations: 1st Century A.D. to 7th Century A.D. by Yukteshwar Kumar. p.76

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proved influential in the 1990s, while the popularity of Western-adapted Buddhism (exemplified by

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In order to accommodate Western system, changes were made to the instruments, for example in the

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Globalization of Language and Culture in Asia: The Impact of Globalization Processes on Language

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were a rock band formed in Beijing in 1979, by foreigners then resident in the Chinese capital.

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The Moon reflecting in Erquan Pool, a masterpiece written for erhu by the blind composer Abing.

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is an ethnically diverse area in southwest China. Perhaps best known from the province is the

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were formed in most major cities and performed to a wide audience in the concert halls and on

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attracts tens of thousands of visitors. There was also the "Snow Mountain Music Festival" in

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and E-Pop of China contributed to promote electronic music towards the mainstream audience.

3027:. During the Tang dynasty there were also large-scale presentations of banquet music called 496: 7645: 7593: 7453: 7248: 7223: 7150: 7145: 6980: 6872: 6848: 6706: 6188: 5787: 5782: 5677: 4862: 3422:

and old school heavy metal. The album was a major breakthrough releasing around 1991/1992.

3388: 2933: 1149: 1023: 5320: 4210:"Already bigger than Spotify, China's search engine giant doubles down on streaming music" 1255:

style was launched by protesters to counter the government. The music would progress into

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of different instruments and playing styles. A wide variety of these instruments, such as

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bears some resemblance to rap and other forms of rhythmic music found in other cultures.

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The presence of European music in China appeared as early as 1601 when the Jesuit priest

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Cantonese rap is also very diverse in cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong.

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Prefecture are known for a unique kind of choral, micro-tonal rice-transplanting songs.

7833: 7828: 7813: 7665: 7633: 7628: 7521: 7443: 7431: 7340: 7006: 6926: 6914: 6882: 6537: 6532: 6450: 6150: 5993: 5872: 5867: 5747: 5600: 5427: 5398: 5290: 5278:; Rebollo-Sborgi, Francesca; Kouwenhoven, Frank; Schimmelpenninck, A.; Jones, Stephen; 5202: 5137: 5129: 4386: 3934: 3772: 3380: 3096: 3071: 3043: 2418: 2256:) is a style of instrumental music, often played by amateur musicians in tea houses in 2162: 2127: 1522: 1437: 1421: 1296: 1053: 924: 648: 548: 304: 269: 73: 3395:, he played with a red blindfold around his head as an action against the government. 7892: 7884: 7598: 7465: 7436: 7394: 7323: 7280: 7238: 7105: 7045: 6817: 6754: 6616: 6397: 6367: 6193: 6022: 5937: 5887: 5842: 5822: 5812: 5712: 5443: 5370: 5352: 5332: 5307: 5263: 5248: 5233: 5218: 5177: 5158: 5141: 5119: 5080: 5032: 5005: 4799: 4779: 4755: 4720: 4700: 4635: 4608: 4581: 4554: 4527: 4481: 4445: 4358: 4236:"5 Takeaways From the IFPI's Country-by-Country Report on the Global Record Business" 4191: 4126: 4106: 4082: 4023: 3998: 3975: 3948: 3910: 3883: 3851: 3824: 3797: 3434: 3418:

band. Its first CD "A Dream Return to Tang Dynasty" combines elements of traditional

3415: 3264: 3260: 3067: 3039: 3008: 2960: 2814: 2781: 2406: 1765: 1666: 1602: 1562: 1530: 1510: 1449: 1445: 962: 911: 906: 871: 781: 669: 626: 384: 78: 4878:"Zight teamed up with Maximals and Chris Willis on the vocals for "Work It Harder"!" 4858:"Carta Talks EDM in China, Becoming First Chinese DJ in 'DJ Mag' Top 100: Interview" 3433:), was formed. They released three CDs, the last one in cooperation with pop singer 3013:

There was a tradition of massed instruments in the ritual court music form known as

1704:

Chinese vocal music has traditionally been sung in a thin, non resonant voice or in

953:

Through succeeding dynasties over thousands of years, Chinese musicians developed a

606: 8010: 8003: 7902: 7897: 7823: 7751: 7670: 7585: 7575: 7546: 7482: 7477: 7311: 7285: 7270: 7155: 7133: 7117: 7023: 6472: 6462: 6302: 6095: 6080: 6072: 5912: 5827: 5807: 5692: 5682: 5595:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Silk and Bamboo music, the gugin and Pingtan music.

5419: 5390: 5299: 5111: 4942: 4292:"Tencent to merge QQ Music service with China Music Corp to create streaming giant" 3764: 3755:

Sterckx, Roel (2000). "Transforming the Beasts: Animals and Music in Early China".

3691: 3369: 3288:(EDM) has become the second biggest music category in China. Among the sub-genres, 3268: 3154: 2913: 2590: 2544: 2102: 2095: 1768:

area during the 6th century and adapted to suit Chinese tastes, is most popular in

1542: 1425: 1038:

despite the ongoing political crisis. Twentieth-century cultural philosophers like

879: 744: 673: 582: 555: 374: 364: 354: 329: 279: 274: 5440:

World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific

5329:

World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific

5245:

World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific

5230:

World Music, Vol. 2: Latin & North America, Caribbean, India, Asia and Pacific

4169: 885: 7618: 7613: 7536: 7487: 7448: 7112: 6694: 6500: 6387: 5957: 5892: 5857: 5792: 5772: 5762: 5722: 5707: 5702: 5453: 5275: 4985: 4661: 3938: 3550: 3546: 3384: 2853: 2745: 2521: 2445: 2246:

area. Sizhu has been secularized in cities but remains spiritual in rural areas.

2057: 1412:

Musical instruments were traditionally classified into eight categories known as

1363: 1354:. In 2015 China had the 14th largest music market in the world, with revenues of 1309: 1276: 1224:

considered pop music as a decline to the art form in mainland China. In 1949 the

1125: 1027: 586: 389: 369: 259: 122: 8019: 7951: 7874: 7721: 7675: 7660: 7638: 7623: 7409: 6764: 6759: 6689: 6275: 5998: 5917: 5877: 5852: 5832: 5767: 5742: 5732: 3668: 3134: 2929: 2794: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2702: 2690: 2584: 2444:

is a form of traditional a cappella singing that is popular in the mountainous

2249: 2158: 1429: 1367: 1252: 1144:

which was adapted into a nationalist hymn. Of particular note is the composer,

855: 677: 602: 379: 344: 334: 314: 299: 264: 254: 5051: 4692: 3768: 3522:' 2007 eponymous debut album), working with independent record labels such as 2711:, perhaps the first fusion of New Age and Tibetan influences, in 1971. Glass' 2556:, is home to the only musical higher education institution in the region, the 1077: 8073: 7984: 7731: 7565: 7404: 7206: 6527: 6515: 6357: 6218: 6016: 5837: 5802: 5757: 5752: 5661: 4362: 4353: 4240: 3542: 3480: 3419: 3232: 3087: 2790: 2757: 2694: 2630: 2561: 2371: 2314: 2306: 2243: 2196:

is a genre of traditional ballads. They are sung by a woman accompanied by a

2193: 2166: 1877: 1872: 1340: 1313: 661: 577: 127: 5594: 5588: 5582: 5576: 5570: 5564: 5558: 4975: 4973: 4449: 2917:

is a type of music related to southern Chinese forms, and is popular today.

2825:; performers have some space for personal embellishments, especially in the 2756:

is heavily influenced by light Chinese rock, and includes best-sellers like

2044:

siping opera. Only percussion accompaniment, no orchestra, five-tone style.

8063: 8051: 8024: 7909: 7781: 7746: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6332: 6327: 6317: 6235: 6230: 5133: 4905: 3929: 3706: 3696: 3624: 3571: 3519: 3494:

first emerged in China in the early 1990s as records from Western punk and

3458: 3426: 3359: 3328: 3208: 3024: 3020: 2904: 2900: 2798: 2721: 2686: 2577: 2330: 2209: 2197: 2014: 1749: 1514: 1417: 1305: 1256: 1213: 1145: 989: 985: 977: 936: 898: 890: 863: 740: 714: 559: 143: 112: 5605: 7603: 6520: 6505: 6312: 6270: 6265: 6213: 6026: 4970: 4934: 4754:

Baranovitch, Nimrod. China's New Voices. University of California press.

4324: 3971:

Chinese Theories of Theater and Performance from Confucius to the Present

3820:

Chinese Theories of Theater and Performance from Confucius to the Present

3711: 3563: 3476: 3454: 3450: 3289: 3256: 3212: 3163: 2908: 2885: 2870: 2866: 2830: 2753: 2661: 2649: 2598: 2469: 2342: 2326: 2298: 2287: 2123: 1847: 1728:

music, which are more traditional, are more popular in China itself. The

1359: 1321: 1317: 1217: 1114: 1081: 1043: 1039: 981: 867: 806: 590: 106: 5206: 5115: 4920:"Yang Haisong Is Producing a New Generation of Underground Chinese Rock" 1169: 829:, showing male court musicians playing stringed instruments, either the 7776: 6684: 6495: 6223: 4673: 4190:

Gunde, Richard. (2002) Culture and Customs of China. Greenwood Press.

3930: 3776: 3616: 3527: 3523: 3347: 3297: 3293: 2932:, there were major changes to traditional Chinese music as part of the 2878: 2810: 2806: 2717: 2675: 2672: 2668: 2396: 2385: 2318: 2178: 2150: 2118: 2098: 1720:

or dizi are popular, and are often available outside of China, but the

1472:, traditional musical instruments have enjoyed a state-backed revival. 1465: 1225: 1047: 1031: 905:(907–960); the female musicians in the center of the image are playing 5431: 5402: 4480:] (in Chinese) (1st ed.). Shanghai: Shanghai People's Press. 3578:. Their performances included compositions from Beethoven and Mozart. 2528:. The most prominent folk instrument is the octagonal drum, while the 1301: 7786: 7741: 6679: 6620: 3567: 3566:. Zheng (Yin or Wan depending on romanization) was raised in China's 3495: 3491: 3337: 3240: 3055: 3051: 2615: 2473: 2440: 2424: 2401: 2338: 2334: 2271: 2174: 2170: 2061: 1630: 1626: 1574: 1570: 1110: 1106: 1088:

were among the most notable performers and composers of this period.

1069: 1065: 988:

imperial court, and trained four eunuchs to play it. During the late

751: 700: 653: 5601:

An article about Chinese music from the classical literati tradition

2181:

are common, often competing in volume with a shawm/chuigushou band.

1785: 1350:

In 2015, the digital music market in China was expected to be worth

613:) pitch, and a set of tuned bells were then created from the pipes. 597:

According to legends, the founder of music in Chinese mythology was

438: 7861: 7854: 7167: 5513:

external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into

5423: 5394: 3586: 3582: 3442: 3379:. In the late 1980s he played the first Chinese rock song called: " 3376: 3301: 3225: 3221: 3216: 3199: 3192: 3188: 2994: 2841: 2786: 2594: 2500: 2428: 2257: 2253: 2239: 2213: 2146: 2040:

opera high accent, Xiang opera high accent, Gan opera high accent,

2018: 1769: 1753: 1745: 1705: 1692: 1582: 1453: 1375: 1292: 1201: 1097: 1092: 689: 681: 598: 102: 98: 5367:

Chinese Music in the 20th Century (Chinese Music Monograph Series)

5174:

A Song for One or Two: Music and the Concept of Art in Early China

4946: 1858: 581:

Lively musicians playing a bamboo flute and a plucked instrument,

6290: 6285: 6280: 6037: 5624: 5282:; Wu Ben; Rees, Helen; Trebinjac, Sabine; Lee, Joanna C. (2001). 5279: 5217:, translated by Boyu Zhang and Lam Ching-Wah, Vienna: Hollitzer. 5176:. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan. 5053:

The Anthem of the Chinese People's Liberation Army with subtitles

4678: 3944:

Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, and Japan

3590: 3510: 3236: 3126: 2874: 2862: 2772: 2653: 2645: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2553: 2549: 2532: 2485: 2457: 2453: 2359: 2322: 2301:, who reside in various regions around the nation. These include 2291: 2283: 2235: 2221: 2205: 2154: 2081: 2065: 2037: 2033: 2022: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1850:, in which the musicians play versions of a single melodic line. 1733: 1725: 1713: 1670: 1662: 1658: 1650: 1598: 1526: 1394: 1287: 1272: 1141: 1133: 1118: 958: 843: 818: 773: 642: 5630: 5589:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): The Uyghur people and the muqam.

5583:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Music of the Hani and Yi People.

4435: 2572: 2108:

Han traditional weddings and funerals usually include a form of

784:, contained many folk songs dating from 800 BC to about 400 BC. 33: 7956: 5410:

Tong, Kin-Woon (1983b). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part Two".

5381:

Tong, Kin-Woon (1983a). "Shang Musical Instruments: Part One".

4959: 4444:] (in Chinese). Beijing: Chinese opera research institute. 4264:"Billboard Teams With Local Firm to Declare China's No. 1 Song" 3343: 3317: 2950: 2858: 2818: 2761: 2741: 2713: 2641: 2603: 2525: 2491: 2310: 2217: 2189: 2185: 2139: 2069: 2041: 1737: 1709: 1674: 1654: 1634: 1578: 1566: 1534: 1344: 1336: 1237: 1233: 1221: 1136:

and bass lines were added to traditional songs. One example is

1073: 831: 822: 224: 5577:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): The Uighur people of Xinjiang.

5571:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Buddhist harvest celebrations.

4775:

China with a Cut: Globalisation, Urban Youth and Popular Music

4631:

Beyond the May Fourth Paradigm: In Search of Chinese Modernity

3479:

is becoming a prominent scene in mainland China, particularly

1128:

on Literature and Art, a large-scale campaign was launched in

1030:, composing work hits on Western musical notation system. The 6068: 5616:

Archive of some Classical Chinese texts about Music theories.

4735: 3993: 3991: 3324: 3184: 3150: 3146: 3015: 2896: 2845: 2802: 2679: 2657: 2637: 2634: 2449: 2388:

which introduced Guangxi's culture to the rest of the world.

2363: 2302: 2260:; it has become widely known outside of its place of origin. 2231: 2227: 2135: 2131: 2113: 2085: 2053: 1741: 1729: 1646: 1614: 1606: 1554: 1518: 1441: 1433: 1371: 1283: 1209: 1057: 932: 756: 719: 717:, a formal system of court and ceremonial music later termed 707: 685: 665: 630: 621: 148: 94: 5260:

Chinese Musical Instruments (Chinese Music Monograph Series)

5151:

Music, Cosmology, and the Politics of Harmony in Early China

4580:(4th ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 261–262. 4553:. Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd. p. 21. 3882:(4th ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 260–262. 3095:

minute adjustment to its fundamental pitch can be made. The

2685:

Tibetan music has influenced the pioneering compositions of

2633:

shortly after his exile. TIPA originally specialized in the

2409:

with only one string, said to date back to the 8th century.

672:

dated to 9,000 years ago, and clay music instruments called

5274:

Thrasher, Alan R.; Lam, Joseph S.C.; Stock, Jonathan P.J.;

4693:

Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (2000).

3446: 3079: 3042:

however was created in the 20th century modeled on Western

2822: 2201: 2142: 2109: 1761: 1757: 1721: 1717: 1678: 1622: 1618: 1594: 1558: 1538: 1061: 970: 966: 915:, and the male musician is playing a wooden clapper called 875: 837: 761: 723:(meaning "elegant music") was established. The word music ( 3988: 3732:"Chinese Music: History, Instruments, Types, Modern Music" 750:

Chinese philosophers took varying approaches to music. To

5565:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Chinese opera in Beijing.

5273: 4038:

History of Civilizations of Central Asia edited by Unesco

5028:

Art in Turmoil: The Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966–76

4062: 4060: 3445:

bands were formed and inspired by Western bands such as

3410:

used the popular English song ("Don't Break My Heart").

3300:. Reality talent shows and competition programs such as 2370:. Its most famous performer of Guangxi is the legendary 2169:, an ancient instrument that is ancestor of all Western 764:

on the other hand condemned making music, and argued in

5215:

Comprehensive Introduction to Chinese Traditional Music

4655:

The pipa: How a barbarian lute became a national symbol

5369:. 2001. Chinese Music Society of North America Press. 5262:. 1999. Chinese Music Society of North America Press. 3375:

The widely acknowledged forefather of Chinese rock is

2979:

or "people's music") was coined post-1949 in place of

1148:, who was active during this period, and composed the 1105:

is a fusion of Chinese and Western popular music, and

992:

era, the influence of Western music began to be felt.

558:

show a well-developed musical culture as early as the

8035: 4057: 2476:

carving of a horse used as decoration on the pillar.

870:(221–207 BC), was greatly expanded under the emperor 676:

thought to be 7,000 years old have been found in the

5559:

BBC Radio 3 Audio (45 minutes): Shanghai tea-houses.

5442:, pp. 254–61. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. 4348:"China's Communist Party has co-opted ancient music" 3906:

International Handbook of Research in Arts Education

2552:

is a province in southwest China. Its capital city,

5247:, pp. 49–59. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. 5004:. University of South Carolina Press. p. 115. 4041: 2025:, music is extravagant, and used seven-tone style. 1936:; 'to fight'). Characters are divided into 1696:Re-enactment of a traditional music performance at 463:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 5283: 4573: 4442:Collection of Treatises on Chinese Classical Opera 4346: 3875: 3654:Some of the more widely known political songs are 3596: 3197:Chinese popular music found its beginnings in the 2036:at the end of the Yuan dynasty. The main ones are 1152:which is the most well-known of all of his works. 554:Documents and archaeological artifacts from early 5497:may not follow Knowledge's policies or guidelines 5024: 3967: 3816: 2094:According to current archaeological discoveries, 8071: 4054:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 148. 3974:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 10–13. 3166:in a standard way rather than in the changeable 2833:, who recorded most of the muqams in the 1950s. 2805:, a complex suite of twelve sections related to 2524:is a region inhabited by ethnic groups like the 2472:or horsehead fiddle. It is named because of its 1470:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 1339:issues, as there are many other factors such as 1236:would become heavily promoted by the state. The 1034:tried to sponsor modern music adoptions via the 4844:"Giants join hands to promote electronic music" 4771: 4699:. Rough Guides Publishing Company. p. 49. 4436:Chinese Academy of Chinese Opera, ed. (1959). 4207: 3682:List of traditional Chinese musical instruments 3657:Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army 5232:, pp. 34–43. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. 4736:Peter Tschmuck; John Fangjun Li (2012-12-29). 3947:. University of California Press. p. 85. 3850:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11–12. 3383:" ("Yi wu suo you"). It was the first time an 3046:using Chinese instruments. In the traditional 2801:. The Uyghurs' best-known musical form is the 2138:(dizi) and percussion instruments (especially 1004:Blind Chinese Street Musician – Beijing (1930) 7704: 6053: 5646: 5331:, pp 44–48. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. 4515: 4174:Recent developments in intellectual property. 3235:in mainland China led to the introduction of 2998:Chinese musicians at a restaurant in Shanghai 1362:in China. Also as of 2016, the three largest 995: 414: 5550:Audio clips: Traditional music of the China. 4628:Lau, Frederick (2008). Kai-wing Chow (ed.). 4546: 4320:"Music industry dreaming of China streaming" 3312:. Young Chinese DJ Carta has been signed by 3107:, resulting in a change in the sound of the 2423:The music of Hong Kong notably includes the 1764:, believed to have been introduced from the 1208:would come to an end when the CCP denounced 923:The oldest extant written Chinese music is " 5190: 4778:. Amsterdam University Press. p. 171. 4748: 4526:. Oxford University Press. pp. 30–34. 3823:. University of Michigan Press. p. 3. 3570:province. He was influenced by the Western 3545:, Demerit, Tookoo, AV Okubo, Lonely Leary, 3509:Formed in Nanjing in 1997, post-punk group 3215:. and record companies of Shanghai such as 2928:In the early 20th century after the end of 2903:play a type of song and dance suite called 2797:people related to other Turkic groups from 2748:) helped further popularize Tibetan music. 2606:as well as the four main monastic schools: 2290:musicians playing free-reed instruments in 1814:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1775: 1249:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre 747:was derived from a cycle-of-fifths theory. 6060: 6046: 5653: 5639: 4816:"CHINA'S EDM FESTIVAL MARKET IS EXPLODING" 4604:A Cultural History of the Chinese Language 4600: 4502:"Liu Sanjie – A Fearless Folk Song Singer" 3556: 3486: 2242:, as well as elsewhere along the southern 2013:, Kunshan, and Wei Liangfu reforms in the 1416:. Traditional music in China is played on 421: 407: 32: 5533:Learn how and when to remove this message 5072: 4713: 4119: 4066: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3796:. Cambridge University Press. p. 4. 3125:Before the 20th century Chinese used the 3061: 2789:Uyghur Autonomous Region is dominated by 2297:China has many ethnic groups besides the 1834:Learn how and when to remove this message 523:Learn how and when to remove this message 5625:"A Complete Study of the Chinese Zither" 5458:. China Inland Mission. 1906. p. 30 5171: 5148: 4830:"Satiating the appetite for dance music" 4621: 4317: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4102:A Critical History of New Music in China 4077: 4075: 4013:Journal of Music in China, Volume 4, p.4 3623:under her direct supervision; the eight 2993: 2840: 2771: 2571: 2282: 1857: 1691: 1485: 1474: 1385: 1064:influences to traditional music, adding 1007: 999: 941: 884: 850: 812: 801: 694: 640:Ensemble of musicians, some playing the 635: 620: 576: 5304:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.43141 5101: 4997: 4607:. McFarland & Company. p. 24. 4289: 4233: 4142: 3902: 3843: 3789: 3754: 3707:The 'C-Rock' (Chinese rock) music scene 3613:ideology of the Chinese Communist Party 3353: 3231:In the late 1970s, economic reforms by 3173: 1408:Traditional Chinese musical instruments 817:A mural from the tomb of Xu Xianxiu in 14: 8072: 6995:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 5104:Popular Songs and Ballads of Han China 4648: 4052:Cambridge Illustrated History of China 3864: 3553:all embarking on international tours. 2355:Music of southern China § Guangxi 2003:), Pihuang accent, and Bangzi accent. 1018:anthem in the Denton Gazette newspaper 903:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period 6041: 5634: 5409: 5380: 5025:Richard King King, ed. (2010-07-01). 4792: 4634:. Lexington Books. pp. 212–215. 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4431: 4429: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4179: 4072: 3129:notation system, in modern times the 2560:. The province has a long history of 5477: 4932: 4471: 4208:Steven Millward (December 4, 2015). 3398:Afterwards, two bands became famous 3111:which became brighter and stronger. 3002: 2776:Uyghur Meshrep musicians in Yarkand. 2627:Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts 1812:adding citations to reliable sources 1779: 1381: 1164: 461:adding citations to reliable sources 432: 7691:Major Historical and Cultural Sites 5606:Listen to traditional Chinese music 4627: 4521: 4261: 4098: 3280: 3228:in its neighboring country Taiwan. 1712:. All traditional Chinese music is 24: 6829: 6067: 5342: 5155:State University of New York Press 5094: 4456: 4420: 4399: 3457:. China would have their own with 3327:collaborated with American singer 3250: 3207:, popular music were denounced as 2907:, which was supposedly brought by 2829:. The most important performer is 2510: 1374:, with a 28% share of the market, 1155: 1095:, a popular genre of music called 878:were adopted in China, the Indian 825:province, dated 571 AD during the 25: 8091: 6986:Political Consultative Conference 5660: 5473: 4402:"Types of Roles in Beijing Opera" 4262:Lin, Lilian (November 10, 2015). 4234:Peoples, Glenn (April 15, 2016). 3636:Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy 3393:Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 3160:Butterfly Lovers' Violin Concerto 2944: 2923: 2463: 2405:(lit. "single string zither"), a 2278: 787: 203:Nationalistic and patriotic songs 8057: 8045: 7772:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty 7767:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty 6021: 6012: 6011: 5482: 5258:Lee Yuan-Yuan and Shen, Sinyan. 4574:Don Michael Randel, ed. (2003). 4105:. The Chinese University Press. 3876:Don Michael Randel, ed. (2003). 2589:Music forms an integral part of 2368:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 2116:and percussive ensembles called 1866: 1784: 1708:and is usually solo rather than 1347:and other economical questions. 1168: 616: 437: 7762:Four Paragons of the Early Tang 6959:Political parties and movements 6323:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 6308:Northern and Southern dynasties 5066: 5045: 5031:. UBC Press. pp. 174–176. 5018: 4991: 4926: 4912: 4898: 4884: 4870: 4850: 4836: 4822: 4808: 4765: 4729: 4686: 4666: 4594: 4577:The Harvard Dictionary of Music 4567: 4540: 4494: 4393: 4379: 4339: 4311: 4283: 4255: 4227: 4201: 4162: 4136: 4092: 4032: 4016: 4007: 3968:Faye Chunfang Fei, ed. (2002). 3879:The Harvard Dictionary of Music 3817:Faye Chunfang Fei, ed. (2002). 3597:Patriotic / revolutionary music 1999:accent (Kunshan), high accent ( 1401: 1262: 1060:. Many of the performers added 1012:The earliest forms of the 1935 794:Central Asian and Chinese music 570:For a chronological guide, see 547:, Chinese music theory, or the 545:traditional Chinese instruments 448:needs additional citations for 5979:British Indian Ocean Territory 5553:Musée d'ethnographie de Genève 5079:. Cambridge University Press. 4318:Chen Nan (December 21, 2015). 3961: 3923: 3896: 3837: 3810: 3783: 3748: 3724: 3534:gaining national recognition. 3342:has teamed up with Swedish DJ 3140: 3032: 2987:(for example in Singapore) or 2380: 2177:. Parades led by Western-type 1988: 1974: 1960: 1946: 1932: 1918: 1904: 1890: 1036:Shanghai Conservatory of Music 235:Three Principles of the People 13: 1: 5555:. Accessed November 25, 2010. 5345:Music in the Age of Confucius 5285:"China, People's Republic of" 5172:Dewoskin, Kenneth J. (1982). 4933:Amar, Nathanel (2017-11-14). 3717: 3630:The Legend of the Red Lantern 3576:Chongqing Symphonic Orchestra 3441:. At the same time the first 3346:, releasing their global hit 2682:, Tibet's most popular hero. 2558:Sichuan Conservatory of Music 2075: 1978:, roles with face painting), 1228:relocated to Taiwan, and the 703: 699:A set of bronze bells called 7064:Ministry of National Defense 6403:Chinese Communist Revolution 5321:UK public library membership 4696:World Music: The Rough Guide 3205:Chinese Communist Revolution 3178: 2705:. These two collaborated on 2412: 2252:(silk and bamboo music from 2028:Gao accent: Formed in China 1358:. As of 2016 there were 213 1160: 7: 7727:Flowers of the Four Seasons 7712:Four Treasures of the Study 7331:Water supply and sanitation 7059:Central Military Commission 7054:Outline of military history 6804:Province-level subdivisions 5597:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5591:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5585:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5579:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5573:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5567:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5561:Accessed November 25, 2010. 5108:University of Hawai'i Press 4145:"For All the Rock in China" 4143:Sisario, Ben (2007-11-25). 3702:Music industry of East Asia 3675: 3292:is at the top, followed by 3114: 2767: 2629:, which was founded by the 2427:Chinese pop music known as 2270:is instrumental music from 1862:Performers in Peking Opera. 1436:are among the oldest known 1140:, a folksong from northern 1076:, among other instruments. 866:, first established in the 601:who, at the request of the 10: 8096: 7000:Primary stage of socialism 6942:National People's Congress 6410:People's Republic of China 5343:So, Jenny F., ed. (2000). 5213:Yuan Jingfang, ed. (2023) 5194:The Galpin Society Journal 4547:Viniti Vaish, ed. (2010). 3621:revolutionary model operas 3600: 3425:Around 1994–96: the first 3389:Seoul Summer Olympic Games 3357: 3254: 3182: 3133:system is common. Western 3118: 3006: 2948: 2851: 2779: 2660:. A classical form called 2582: 2542: 2538: 2514: 2479: 2416: 2352: 2348: 2122:. Ensembles consisting of 2090:List of Chinese folk songs 2079: 1870: 1641:Plucked and struck strings 1405: 1331:rate along with issues of 1327:Mainland China has a high 1291:international map is when 1269:Midi Modern Music Festival 1267:Annual events such as the 1230:People's Republic of China 996:Republican era (1912–1949) 893:(960–1279) version of the 791: 607:twelve-tone musical system 569: 565: 172:Midi Modern Music Festival 7997: 7965: 7883: 7804: 7584: 7390: 7381: 7339: 7299: 7141: 7132: 7044: 6895: 6825: 6816: 6779: 6750:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves 6705: 6639: 6548: 6486: 6458: 6449: 6378: 6256: 6204: 6164: 6088: 6079: 6007: 5966: 5926: 5668: 5073:Van Aalst, J. A. (1884). 4601:Sharron Gu (2011-12-22). 4290:Zen Soo (July 15, 2016). 3769:10.1163/15685320051072672 3607:During the height of the 3515: 3316:, listing himself on the 2972: 2836: 2689:and, most influentially, 2434: 2375: 2173:instruments, such as the 1983: 1969: 1955: 1941: 1927: 1913: 1899: 1885: 1448:traditionally consist of 1206:Seven great singing stars 928: 895:Night Revels of Han Xizai 769: 736: 732: 724: 610: 585:statues displayed at the 572:Timeline of Chinese music 225:Patriotic / Revolutionary 7925:Catholic Church in China 7069:People's Liberation Army 7036:One country, two systems 5728:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5614:中国古典テキストデータベース（中国思想史研究室） 5201:. Galpin Society: 3–24. 5149:Brindley, Erica (2012). 4772:Jeroen de Kloet (2010). 4473: 4437: 4297:South China Morning Post 4176:Retrieved on 2007-04-04. 3909:. Springer. p. 85. 3844:Jin Jie (3 March 2011). 3790:Jin Jie (3 March 2011). 3687:History of Chinese dance 3639:, and the ballet pieces 3603:Political music in China 3121:Chinese musical notation 3086:There is also a need to 2567: 2517:Music of Northeast China 1776:Music of the Han culture 907:transverse bamboo flutes 841:, and a woman playing a 191:China Record Corporation 7757:Four Pillars of Destiny 7542:Regional discrimination 6964:Chinese Communist Party 5989:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5349:Smithsonian Institution 5296:Oxford University Press 5102:Birrell, Anne (1993) . 4742:Music Business Research 4522:Lau, Frederick (2007). 4269:The Wall Street Journal 3903:Bresler, Liora (2007). 3736:China Educational Tours 3642:Red Detachment of Women 3557:Western classical music 3487:Punk rock and post-punk 2224:ensembles are popular. 1922:; 'to do', and 1772:and surrounding areas. 1698:Hubei Provincial Museum 1333:intellectual properties 1130:Chinese Communist Party 1015:March of the Volunteers 798:Musicians in Ming China 230:March of the Volunteers 7510:Science and technology 7183:Special economic zones 6435:persecution of Uyghurs 6363:Century of humiliation 5468:(Princeton University) 4674:"Cpop World top Chart" 3506:was released in 1994. 3414:was the first Chinese 3286:Electronic dance music 3137:however is also used. 3088:standardize the tuning 3062:Instruments and tuning 2999: 2849: 2777: 2580: 2294: 1964:, female lead roles), 1908:; 'to read'), 1894:; 'to sing'), 1863: 1701: 1494: 1483: 1398: 1370:services in China are 1101:emerged in the 1920s. 1019: 1005: 950: 920: 897:, the original was by 889:A half-section of the 859: 848: 810: 710: 706:5th century B.C. from 657: 633: 594: 7717:Four Great Inventions 7101:People's Armed Police 4906:"P.K.14 – Maybe Mars" 4099:Liu, Jingzhi (2010). 3648:The White Haired Girl 3437:of the split-up band 3310:Universal Music Group 3052:dominant melodic line 2997: 2844: 2775: 2693:. Later artists made 2656:is popular in modern 2575: 2286: 2080:Further information: 2068:), and Yunnan Opera ( 1950:), male lead roles), 1861: 1740:, is most popular in 1695: 1492: 1481: 1389: 1210:Chinese popular music 1011: 1003: 948: 888: 864:Imperial Music Bureau 854: 816: 805: 698: 639: 624: 580: 157:Media and performance 7696:World Heritage Sites 7224:Foreign aid received 6932:Environmental policy 6730:Environmental policy 6725:Environmental issues 5903:United Arab Emirates 5503:improve this article 5455:The Shansi tune book 4357:. 2 September 2023. 3402:(Black Panther) and 3354:Rock and heavy metal 3174:Modern popular music 2934:New Culture Movement 2697:fusions by pioneers 2535:is also well-known. 2495:. The center of the 2446:northwestern Chinese 1808:improve this section 1150:Yellow River Cantata 1024:New Culture Movement 646:and others play the 556:Chinese civilization 457:improve this article 7942:History of religion 7937:Freedom of religion 7792:Four Pests campaign 7737:Four Classic Novels 7349:Automotive industry 7229:Foreign aid program 6920:Pro-democratisation 6415:Cultural Revolution 5930:limited recognition 5515:footnote references 5116:10.2307/j.ctv9zcm2j 4478:China opera history 4472:Liao, Ben (2004). 3609:Cultural Revolution 3364:Chinese heavy metal 2009:accent: Popular in 1438:musical instruments 1251:, a new fast tempo 1242:Cultural Revolution 1234:Revolutionary songs 1054:Symphony orchestras 858:relief of musicians 827:Northern Qi Dynasty 652:, 2nd century BCE, 7849:Population history 7829:Internal migration 7444:Harmonious Society 7319:Telecommunications 7276:Standard of living 7195:Online advertising 6947:Standing Committee 5291:Grove Music Online 4984:2011-09-30 at the 4967:, additional text. 4660:2011-06-13 at the 4408:. Hamilton College 4400:Wilson, Thomas A. 4168:BuildingIPvalue. " 3935:JaHyun Kim Haboush 3502:whose debut album 3381:Nothing To My Name 3224:in Hong Kong, and 3072:traditional voices 3044:symphony orchestra 3000: 2850: 2778: 2581: 2448:provinces such as 2419:Music of Hong Kong 2295: 1864: 1848:heterophonic music 1702: 1495: 1484: 1446:Chinese orchestras 1399: 1297:The Rolling Stones 1200:The golden age of 1180:. You can help by 1020: 1006: 951: 921: 860: 849: 811: 711: 658: 634: 595: 593:period (25–220 AD) 549:languages of China 220:Historical anthems 18:Chinese folk music 8033: 8032: 7993: 7992: 7800: 7799: 7377: 7376: 7364:Shipping industry 7128: 7127: 7094:Strategic Support 6969:General Secretary 6954:National security 6937:Foreign relations 6891: 6890: 6812: 6811: 6775: 6774: 6478:Natural disasters 6445: 6444: 6398:Chinese Civil War 6393:Republic of China 6368:Taiping Rebellion 6241:Spring and Autumn 6146:Foreign relations 6035: 6034: 5972:other territories 5543: 5542: 5535: 5358:978-0-295-97953-3 5319:(subscription or 5313:978-1-56159-263-0 5223:978-3-99094-096-9 5183:978-0-89264-042-3 5164:978-1-4384-4315-7 5125:978-0-8248-1548-6 5086:978-1-108-04564-3 5038:978-0-7748-5911-0 5011:978-1-57003-543-2 4706:978-1-85828-636-5 4641:978-0-7391-1122-2 4614:978-0-7864-8827-8 4587:978-0-674-01163-2 4560:978-1-84706-183-6 4533:978-0-19-530124-3 3981:978-0-472-08923-9 3954:978-0-520-23138-2 3916:978-1-4020-2998-1 3889:978-0-674-01163-2 3857:978-0-521-18691-9 3830:978-0-472-08923-9 3803:978-0-521-18691-9 3265:Taiwanese hip hop 3261:Hong Kong hip hop 3068:equal temperament 3040:Chinese orchestra 3009:Chinese orchestra 3003:Chinese orchestra 2961:Republic of China 2782:Music of Xinjiang 2407:string instrument 1844: 1843: 1836: 1766:Arabian Peninsula 1490: 1479: 1382:Traditional music 1232:was established. 1198: 1197: 946: 782:Classic of Poetry 625:A 9,000 year-old 533: 532: 525: 507: 431: 430: 242: 241: 198: 197: 16:(Redirected from 8087: 8062: 8061: 8060: 8050: 8049: 8048: 8041: 8013: 8006: 7903:Tibetan Buddhism 7898:Chinese Buddhism 7752:Four Holy Beasts 7702: 7701: 7554:Social relations 7483:Standard Chinese 7478:Chinese language 7388: 7387: 7173:Economic history 7139: 7138: 7118:Maritime Militia 6827: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6794:Border crossings 6789:Baseline islands 6484: 6483: 6456: 6455: 6420:Tiananmen Square 6303:Sixteen Kingdoms 6111:Military history 6086: 6085: 6062: 6055: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6025: 6015: 6014: 5984:Christmas Island 5670:Sovereign states 5655: 5648: 5641: 5632: 5631: 5612: 5548: 5538: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5518: 5486: 5485: 5478: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5435: 5406: 5362: 5324: 5317: 5287: 5276:Mackerras, Colin 5210: 5187: 5168: 5145: 5090: 5060: 5054: 5049: 5043: 5042: 5022: 5016: 5015: 4998:Xing Lu (2004). 4995: 4989: 4988:additional text. 4977: 4968: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4954: 4953: 4930: 4924: 4923: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4902: 4896: 4895: 4894:. 21 March 2021. 4888: 4882: 4881: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4854: 4848: 4847: 4840: 4834: 4833: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4812: 4806: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4769: 4763: 4752: 4746: 4745: 4733: 4727: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4670: 4664: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4519: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4498: 4492: 4491: 4469: 4454: 4453: 4452:. CSBN 10069.27. 4433: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4397: 4391: 4390: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4370: 4369: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4315: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4287: 4281: 4280: 4278: 4276: 4259: 4253: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4188: 4177: 4166: 4160: 4159: 4157: 4155: 4140: 4134: 4123: 4117: 4116: 4096: 4090: 4079: 4070: 4064: 4055: 4045: 4039: 4036: 4030: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3900: 3894: 3893: 3873: 3862: 3861: 3841: 3835: 3834: 3814: 3808: 3807: 3787: 3781: 3780: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3728: 3692:Culture of China 3517: 3429:band, Chao Zai ( 3370:Peking All-Stars 3341: 3314:Spinnin' Records 3281:Electronic music 3269:China Wind music 3034: 2991:(in Hong Kong). 2974: 2881:courting songs. 2591:Tibetan Buddhism 2545:Music of Sichuan 2382: 2377: 2159:Xi'an drum music 2103:pentatonic scale 1990: 1985: 1976: 1971: 1962: 1957: 1948: 1943: 1934: 1929: 1920: 1915: 1906: 1901: 1892: 1887: 1839: 1832: 1828: 1825: 1819: 1788: 1780: 1491: 1480: 1357: 1353: 1193: 1190: 1172: 1165: 955:large assortment 947: 930: 880:Heptatonic scale 771: 745:pentatonic scale 738: 734: 726: 705: 612: 589:, dating to the 528: 521: 517: 514: 508: 506: 472:"Music of China" 465: 441: 433: 423: 416: 409: 209: 208: 163: 162: 36: 29: 28: 21: 8095: 8094: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8085: 8084: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8058: 8056: 8046: 8044: 8036: 8034: 8029: 8016: 8009: 8002: 7989: 7961: 7879: 7839:Life expectancy 7796: 7700: 7580: 7500:Public holidays 7488:Written Chinese 7473:Intellectualism 7425:Sex trafficking 7373: 7335: 7295: 7124: 7040: 6887: 6878:Nationality law 6861:Law enforcement 6839:Judicial system 6808: 6771: 6745:Nature reserves 6735:Protected areas 6701: 6672:Water resources 6635: 6544: 6482: 6441: 6425:Economic reform 6388:1911 Revolution 6374: 6338:Jin (1115–1234) 6252: 6200: 6160: 6075: 6066: 6036: 6031: 6003: 5971: 5962: 5943:Northern Cyprus 5929: 5922: 5664: 5659: 5610: 5546: 5539: 5528: 5522: 5519: 5500: 5491:This article's 5487: 5483: 5476: 5471: 5461: 5459: 5452: 5359: 5318: 5314: 5184: 5165: 5126: 5097: 5095:Further reading 5087: 5069: 5064: 5063: 5052: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5012: 4996: 4992: 4986:Wayback Machine 4978: 4971: 4964: 4960: 4951: 4949: 4939:Scream For Life 4931: 4927: 4922:. May 25, 2017. 4918: 4917: 4913: 4904: 4903: 4899: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4856: 4855: 4851: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4828: 4827: 4823: 4814: 4813: 4809: 4797: 4793: 4786: 4770: 4766: 4753: 4749: 4734: 4730: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4691: 4687: 4672: 4671: 4667: 4662:Wayback Machine 4653: 4649: 4642: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4588: 4572: 4568: 4561: 4545: 4541: 4534: 4520: 4516: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4499: 4495: 4488: 4475: 4470: 4457: 4439: 4434: 4421: 4411: 4409: 4398: 4394: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4367: 4365: 4345: 4344: 4340: 4330: 4328: 4316: 4312: 4302: 4300: 4288: 4284: 4274: 4272: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4244: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4206: 4202: 4189: 4180: 4170:BuildingIPvalue 4167: 4163: 4153: 4151: 4141: 4137: 4124: 4120: 4113: 4097: 4093: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4058: 4046: 4042: 4037: 4033: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 3996: 3989: 3982: 3966: 3962: 3955: 3941:, eds. (2003). 3939:Joan R. Piggott 3928: 3924: 3917: 3901: 3897: 3890: 3874: 3865: 3858: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3815: 3811: 3804: 3788: 3784: 3753: 3749: 3740: 3738: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3678: 3663:The East is Red 3619:introduced the 3605: 3599: 3559: 3547:Hang on the Box 3489: 3463:Twisted Machine 3385:electric guitar 3366: 3358:Main articles: 3356: 3335: 3283: 3271: 3255:Main articles: 3253: 3251:Hip hop and rap 3195: 3183:Main articles: 3181: 3176: 3143: 3123: 3117: 3064: 3011: 3005: 2953: 2947: 2926: 2911:in 1253. Nakhi 2877:for pentatonic 2856: 2854:Music of Yunnan 2839: 2784: 2770: 2746:Nawang Khechong 2587: 2570: 2547: 2541: 2522:Northeast China 2519: 2513: 2511:Northeast China 2482: 2466: 2437: 2421: 2415: 2362:is a region of 2357: 2351: 2281: 2268:Cantonese Music 2264:Guangdong Music 2092: 2078: 2058:Cantonese Opera 1875: 1869: 1840: 1829: 1823: 1820: 1805: 1789: 1778: 1486: 1475: 1458:plucked strings 1410: 1404: 1397:(fl. 1565–1585) 1384: 1364:music streaming 1356:US$ 170 million 1355: 1352:US$ 2.1 billion 1351: 1310:Nine Inch Nails 1277:Yunnan province 1265: 1194: 1188: 1185: 1178:needs expansion 1163: 1158: 1156:Post-revolution 1138:The East Is Red 1124:After the 1942 1028:classical music 998: 942: 800: 790: 619: 587:Shanghai Museum 583:Chinese ceramic 575: 568: 529: 518: 512: 509: 466: 464: 454: 442: 427: 212:National anthem 166:Music festivals 56: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8093: 8083: 8082: 8080:Music of China 8067: 8066: 8054: 8031: 8030: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8015: 8014: 8007: 7999: 7998: 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5365:Shen, Sinyan. 5363: 5357: 5347:. Washington: 5340: 5325: 5312: 5271: 5256: 5241: 5226: 5211: 5188: 5182: 5169: 5163: 5146: 5124: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5092: 5091: 5085: 5068: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5044: 5037: 5017: 5010: 4990: 4969: 4958: 4925: 4911: 4897: 4883: 4880:. 8 July 2022. 4869: 4849: 4835: 4821: 4807: 4791: 4785:978-9089641625 4784: 4764: 4747: 4728: 4712: 4705: 4685: 4665: 4647: 4640: 4620: 4613: 4593: 4586: 4566: 4559: 4539: 4532: 4524:Music in China 4514: 4493: 4486: 4455: 4419: 4392: 4378: 4338: 4310: 4282: 4254: 4226: 4200: 4178: 4161: 4149:New York Times 4135: 4118: 4112:978-9629963606 4111: 4091: 4071: 4067:Van Aalst 1884 4056: 4048:Patricia Ebrey 4040: 4031: 4028:978-9380601175 4015: 4006: 4003:978-8176487986 3987: 3980: 3960: 3953: 3922: 3915: 3895: 3888: 3863: 3856: 3836: 3829: 3809: 3802: 3782: 3747: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3677: 3674: 3669:Internationale 3601:Main article: 3598: 3595: 3558: 3555: 3551:Fanzui Xiangfa 3488: 3485: 3355: 3352: 3282: 3279: 3252: 3249: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3142: 3139: 3135:staff notation 3119:Main article: 3116: 3113: 3063: 3060: 3007:Main article: 3004: 3001: 2949:Main article: 2946: 2945:National music 2943: 2930:Imperial China 2925: 2924:Modern changes 2922: 2869:, used by the 2852:Main article: 2838: 2835: 2780:Main article: 2769: 2766: 2734:Choying Drolma 2730:Steve Tibbetts 2726:Yungchen Lhamo 2703:Nancy Hennings 2691:Henry Eichheim 2585:Music of Tibet 2583:Main article: 2576:Monks playing 2569: 2566: 2543:Main article: 2540: 2537: 2515:Main article: 2512: 2509: 2481: 2478: 2465: 2464:Inner Mongolia 2462: 2436: 2433: 2417:Main article: 2414: 2411: 2353:Main article: 2350: 2347: 2280: 2279:Regional music 2277: 2250:Jiangnan Sizhu 2230:ensembles use 2077: 2074: 2064:), Gui Opera ( 1871:Main article: 1868: 1865: 1842: 1841: 1792: 1790: 1783: 1777: 1774: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1687: 1686: 1685: 1643: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1591: 1590: 1586: 1585: 1551: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1507: 1506: 1468:, the current 1406:Main article: 1403: 1400: 1383: 1380: 1264: 1261: 1253:Northwest Wind 1196: 1195: 1175: 1173: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1080:, Qui Hechou, 997: 994: 856:Five Dynasties 789: 788:Imperial China 786: 780:Classics, The 618: 615: 603:Yellow Emperor 567: 564: 537:music of China 531: 530: 445: 443: 436: 429: 428: 426: 425: 418: 411: 403: 400: 399: 398: 397: 392: 387: 382: 377: 372: 367: 362: 357: 352: 347: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 320:Inner Mongolia 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 249: 248: 247:Regional music 244: 243: 240: 239: 238: 237: 232: 227: 222: 214: 213: 205: 204: 200: 199: 196: 195: 194: 193: 188: 186:Radio stations 180: 179: 175: 174: 168: 167: 159: 158: 154: 153: 152: 151: 146: 138: 137: 136:Specific forms 133: 132: 131: 130: 125: 120: 115: 110: 89: 88: 84: 83: 82: 81: 76: 71: 63: 62: 61:General topics 58: 57: 55: 54: 48: 45: 44: 42:Music of China 38: 37: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8092: 8081: 8078: 8077: 8075: 8065: 8055: 8053: 8043: 8042: 8039: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8012: 8008: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7978: 7976: 7973: 7972: 7970: 7968: 7964: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7931: 7930:Protestantism 7928: 7926: 7923: 7922: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7915:Folk religion 7913: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7895: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7863: 7859: 7856: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7819:Ethnic groups 7817: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7809: 7807: 7803: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7758: 7755: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7733: 7732:Four Beauties 7730: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7703: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7647: 7644: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7583: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7571:Urban society 7569: 7567: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7530: 7529: 7528: 7527:Social issues 7525: 7523: 7520: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7505:Rural society 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7480: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7467: 7464: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7455: 7452: 7451: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7434: 7433: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7411: 7408: 7406: 7405:Chinese Dream 7403: 7401: 7398: 7396: 7393: 7392: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7370: 7369:Space program 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7322: 7321: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7298: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7241: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7200: 7196: 7193: 7192: 7191: 7188: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7175: 7174: 7171: 7169: 7166: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7131: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7102: 7099: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7043: 7037: 7034: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7021: 7020: 7019:State Council 7017: 7013: 7010: 7009: 7008: 7005: 7001: 6998: 6997: 6996: 6993: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6982: 6979: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6965: 6962: 6961: 6960: 6957: 6955: 6952: 6948: 6945: 6944: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6921: 6918: 6917: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6905:Civil service 6903: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6894: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6867: 6864: 6863: 6862: 6859: 6855: 6852: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6778: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6529: 6526: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6513: 6512: 6511:South Central 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6485: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6448: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6408: 6404: 6401: 6399: 6396: 6395: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6377: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6298:Jin (266–420) 6296: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6278: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6263: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6222: 6221: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6181: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6171: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6141:Ethnic groups 6139: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6121: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6063: 6058: 6056: 6051: 6049: 6044: 6043: 6040: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6018: 6010: 6009: 6006: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5953:South Ossetia 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5925: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5836: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5789: 5786: 5784: 5781: 5779: 5776: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5749: 5746: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5694: 5691: 5689: 5686: 5684: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5656: 5651: 5649: 5644: 5642: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5615: 5611:(in Japanese) 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5584: 5581: 5578: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5537: 5534: 5526: 5516: 5512: 5511:inappropriate 5508: 5504: 5498: 5496: 5489: 5480: 5479: 5457: 5456: 5451: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5389:(2): 17–182. 5388: 5384: 5379: 5376: 5375:1-880464-04-7 5372: 5368: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5341: 5338: 5337:1-85828-636-0 5334: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5292: 5286: 5281: 5277: 5272: 5269: 5268:1-880464-03-9 5265: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5253:1-85828-636-0 5250: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5238:1-85828-636-0 5235: 5231: 5227: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5195: 5189: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5170: 5166: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5109: 5105: 5100: 5099: 5088: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5076:Chinese Music 5071: 5070: 5059: 5055: 5048: 5040: 5034: 5030: 5029: 5021: 5013: 5007: 5003: 5002: 4994: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4976: 4974: 4966: 4962: 4948: 4947:10.58079/twxx 4944: 4940: 4936: 4929: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4901: 4893: 4887: 4879: 4873: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4845: 4839: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4804:0-7007-1614-9 4801: 4795: 4787: 4781: 4777: 4776: 4768: 4761: 4760:0-520-23450-2 4757: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4725:0-7007-1401-4 4722: 4716: 4708: 4702: 4698: 4697: 4689: 4681: 4680: 4675: 4669: 4663: 4659: 4656: 4651: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4632: 4624: 4616: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4597: 4589: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4570: 4562: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4543: 4535: 4529: 4525: 4518: 4503: 4497: 4489: 4487:7-208-05327-8 4483: 4479: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4426: 4424: 4407: 4406:Asian Studies 4403: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4375: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4354:The Economist 4349: 4342: 4327: 4326: 4321: 4314: 4299: 4298: 4293: 4286: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4258: 4243: 4242: 4241:Billboard.com 4237: 4230: 4215: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4196:0-313-30876-4 4193: 4187: 4185: 4183: 4175: 4171: 4165: 4150: 4146: 4139: 4132: 4131:1-85828-636-0 4128: 4122: 4114: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4095: 4088: 4087:0-8223-2694-9 4084: 4078: 4076: 4068: 4063: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4044: 4035: 4029: 4025: 4019: 4010: 4004: 4000: 3994: 3992: 3983: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3964: 3956: 3950: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3926: 3918: 3912: 3908: 3907: 3899: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3847:Chinese Music 3840: 3832: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3813: 3805: 3799: 3795: 3794: 3793:Chinese Music 3786: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3763:(1/3): 1–46. 3762: 3758: 3751: 3737: 3733: 3727: 3723: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3658: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3643: 3638: 3637: 3632: 3631: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3610: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3584: 3579: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3565: 3554: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3543:Brain Failure 3540: 3535: 3531: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3512: 3507: 3505: 3501: 3497: 3493: 3484: 3482: 3481:central China 3478: 3474: 3472: 3471:Overheal Tank 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3444: 3440: 3439:The Breathing 3436: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3421: 3420:Chinese opera 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3373: 3371: 3365: 3361: 3351: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3278: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3248: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3233:Deng Xiaoping 3229: 3227: 3223: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3201: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3171: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3155:ornamentation 3152: 3148: 3138: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3112: 3110: 3106: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3089: 3084: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3069: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3010: 2996: 2992: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2952: 2942: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2882: 2880: 2876: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2855: 2847: 2843: 2834: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2803:On Ikki Muqam 2800: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2783: 2774: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2758:Jampa Tsering 2755: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2708:Tibetan Bells 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2681: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2623: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2586: 2579: 2578:Tibetan horns 2574: 2565: 2563: 2562:Sichuan opera 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2499:tradition is 2498: 2494: 2493: 2488: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2461: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2410: 2408: 2404: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2387: 2383: 2378:(pinyin: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2276: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2141: 2137: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2097: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2049: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2002: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1981: 1977: 1967: 1963: 1953: 1949: 1939: 1935: 1925: 1921: 1911: 1907: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1879: 1878:Chinese opera 1874: 1873:Chinese opera 1867:Chinese opera 1860: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1838: 1835: 1827: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1803: 1802: 1798: 1793:This section 1791: 1787: 1782: 1781: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1699: 1694: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1639: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1589:Bowed strings 1588: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1547: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1473: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1450:bowed strings 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1409: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1379: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1348: 1346: 1342: 1341:profit margin 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314:Avril Lavigne 1311: 1307: 1303: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1285: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1245: 1243: 1240:, during the 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1192: 1183: 1179: 1176:This section 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1153: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1016: 1010: 1002: 993: 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 940: 938: 934: 926: 918: 914: 913: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 887: 883: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 857: 853: 846: 845: 840: 839: 834: 833: 828: 824: 820: 815: 808: 804: 799: 795: 785: 783: 777: 775: 767: 766:Against Music 763: 759: 758: 753: 748: 746: 742: 730: 722: 721: 716: 709: 702: 697: 693: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 662:Wuyang County 655: 651: 650: 645: 644: 638: 632: 628: 623: 617:Early history 614: 608: 604: 600: 592: 588: 584: 579: 573: 563: 561: 557: 552: 550: 546: 542: 541:ethnic groups 538: 527: 524: 516: 505: 502: 498: 495: 491: 488: 484: 481: 477: 474: – 473: 469: 468:Find sources: 462: 458: 452: 451: 446:This article 444: 440: 435: 434: 424: 419: 417: 412: 410: 405: 404: 402: 401: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 368: 366: 363: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 336: 333: 331: 328: 326: 323: 321: 318: 316: 313: 311: 308: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 252: 251: 250: 246: 245: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 216: 215: 211: 210: 207: 206: 202: 201: 192: 189: 187: 184: 183: 182: 181: 177: 176: 173: 170: 169: 165: 164: 161: 160: 156: 155: 150: 147: 145: 142: 141: 140: 139: 135: 134: 129: 126: 124: 121: 119: 116: 114: 111: 108: 104: 100: 96: 93: 92: 91: 90: 86: 85: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 66: 65: 64: 60: 59: 53: 50: 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Retrieved 3735: 3726: 3697:Music Bureau 3667: 3661: 3655: 3653: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3625:Model Dramas 3606: 3580: 3572:Church Music 3560: 3536: 3532: 3520:Carsick Cars 3508: 3504:Garbage Dump 3503: 3490: 3475: 3427:thrash metal 3424: 3412:Tang Dynasty 3407: 3404:Tang Dynasty 3397: 3374: 3367: 3360:Chinese rock 3329:Chris Willis 3322: 3306: 3284: 3276: 3272: 3246: 3230: 3211:, a form of 3209:Yellow Music 3198: 3196: 3144: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3101: 3091: 3085: 3078: 3076: 3065: 3047: 3037: 3028: 3025:Song dynasty 3021:Zhou dynasty 3014: 3012: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2977:minzu yinyue 2976: 2975:, short for 2968: 2964: 2956: 2954: 2938:conservatory 2927: 2919: 2912: 2905:baisha xiyue 2894: 2883: 2865:, a type of 2857: 2799:Central Asia 2785: 2750: 2722:Richard Gere 2712: 2706: 2687:Philip Glass 2684: 2666: 2624: 2599:sacred texts 2588: 2548: 2520: 2504: 2496: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2467: 2439: 2438: 2422: 2400: 2395:The Jing or 2394: 2390: 2379: 2374:folksinger, 2358: 2296: 2262: 2248: 2226: 2192:, Nanyin or 2184:In southern 2183: 2124:mouth organs 2117: 2107: 2093: 2050: 2046: 2027: 2015:Ming dynasty 2005: 1994: 1987: 1979: 1973: 1965: 1959: 1951: 1945: 1937: 1931: 1923: 1917: 1909: 1903: 1895: 1889: 1881: 1876: 1845: 1830: 1821: 1806:Please help 1794: 1760:, a kind of 1736:, a form of 1703: 1498: 1430:Bamboo pipes 1413: 1411: 1402:Instrumental 1391:Female music 1390: 1360:music charts 1349: 1326: 1306:Eric Clapton 1295:played with 1281: 1266: 1263:2000–present 1257:Chinese rock 1246: 1214:yellow music 1199: 1189:October 2023 1186: 1182:adding to it 1177: 1146:Xian Xinghai 1126:Yan'an Forum 1123: 1102: 1096: 1090: 1052: 1021: 1013: 990:Qing dynasty 980:presented a 978:Matteo Ricci 975: 952: 937:Tang dynasty 922: 916: 910: 899:Gu Hongzhong 894: 891:Song dynasty 861: 842: 836: 830: 778: 765: 755: 749: 741:yin and yang 728: 718: 715:Zhou dynasty 712: 678:Hemudu sites 659: 647: 641: 596: 560:Zhou dynasty 553: 536: 534: 519: 513:October 2021 510: 500: 493: 486: 479: 467: 455:Please help 450:verification 447: 295:Heilongjiang 144:Taoist music 41: 26: 7686:Variety art 7681:Tea culture 7609:Calligraphy 7594:Archaeology 7454:Food safety 7249:Gold mining 7151:Aquaculture 7146:Agriculture 7106:Coast Guard 6873:Naming laws 6707:Environment 6695:South China 6174:Paleolithic 6166:Prehistoric 6124:before 1912 6027:Asia portal 5928:States with 5848:Philippines 5788:South Korea 5783:North Korea 5678:Afghanistan 5547:(in French) 5462:10 February 5412:Asian Music 5383:Asian Music 5134:j.ctv9zcm2j 4412:18 February 4325:China Daily 4219:December 4, 3712:World music 3564:Yin Zizhong 3477:Black metal 3455:Linkin Park 3451:Limp Bizkit 3416:heavy metal 3336: [ 3290:house music 3257:Chinese rap 3213:pornography 3149:, in which 3141:Performance 3058:in nature. 3050:, a single 3038:The modern 2963:in Taiwan, 2909:Kublai Khan 2871:Miao people 2867:mouth organ 2831:Turdi Akhun 2754:Tibetan pop 2699:Henry Wolff 2650:dance music 2470:morin khuur 2381:liú sān jiě 2212:areas, and 2179:brass bands 2130:), shawms ( 1752:areas, and 1499:Instruments 1322:Talib Kweli 1318:Linkin Park 1218:pornography 1115:Li Xianglan 1082:Yin Zizhong 1078:Lü Wencheng 1044:Cai Yuanpei 1040:Xiao Youmei 982:Harpsichord 935:during the 868:Qin dynasty 807:Han dynasty 713:During the 670:bone flutes 591:Eastern Han 178:Music media 118:Heavy metal 107:Hokkien pop 69:Instruments 7947:Irreligion 7844:Statistics 7814:Emigration 7777:Four Wangs 7666:Philosophy 7651:Mass media 7634:Literature 7532:Patriarchy 7495:Propaganda 7415:Corruption 7400:Censorship 7190:E-commerce 6897:Government 6690:East China 6662:Waterfalls 6608:Peninsulas 6576:Grasslands 5908:Uzbekistan 5883:Tajikistan 5798:Kyrgyzstan 5778:Kazakhstan 5698:Bangladesh 5688:Azerbaijan 5294:. Oxford: 4952:2024-03-22 4438:中國古典戲曲論著集成 4368:2023-09-02 4331:August 13, 4303:August 13, 4275:August 13, 4247:August 13, 3931:Dorothy Ko 3757:T'oung Pao 3741:2020-11-13 3718:References 3666:, and the 3617:Jiang Qing 3528:Modern Sky 3524:Maybe Mars 3348:Going Dumb 3298:trap music 3294:bass music 3274:Mandarin. 3168:reflective 3056:polyphonic 3019:since the 2879:antiphonal 2827:percussion 2738:Lama Karta 2718:soundtrack 2673:a cappella 2669:folk music 2631:Dalai Lama 2503:province. 2397:Gin people 2386:Liu Sanjie 2323:Mongolians 2151:Wutai shan 2119:chuigushou 2099:folk music 2076:Folk music 1852:Percussion 1549:Percussion 1466:Xi Jinping 1462:percussion 1426:pentatonic 1247:After the 1226:Kuomintang 1070:saxophones 1066:xylophones 1048:Feng Zikai 1032:Kuomintang 792:See also: 627:bone flute 483:newspapers 74:Musicology 7834:Languages 7787:Four Olds 7742:Four arts 7629:Libraries 7559:Structure 7522:Sexuality 7459:incidents 7432:Education 7341:Transport 7217:Renewable 7212:Petroleum 7007:President 6974:Politburo 6927:Elections 6915:Democracy 6883:Terrorism 6631:Volcanoes 6613:Northeast 6591:Mountains 6501:Northeast 6451:Geography 6358:High Qing 6179:Neolithic 6151:Dynasties 6129:1912–1949 6120:Economic 6089:Overviews 5994:Hong Kong 5948:Palestine 5873:Sri Lanka 5868:Singapore 5748:Indonesia 5627:from 1670 5507:excessive 5323:required) 5142:242931144 4863:Billboard 4507:March 20, 4363:0013-0613 3568:Guangdong 3496:post-punk 3492:Punk rock 3320:Top 100. 3241:Anita Mui 3179:Pop music 2955:The term 2848:musicians 2815:dulcimers 2671:includes 2652:. Nangma 2616:Nyingmapa 2530:youyouzha 2474:headstock 2425:Cantonese 2413:Hong Kong 2402:duxianqin 2272:Guangzhou 2175:accordion 2171:free reed 2112:called a 2062:Guangdong 1824:June 2019 1795:does not 1700:in Wuhan. 1631:diyingehu 1627:cizhonghu 1575:fangxiang 1571:bianzhong 1454:woodwinds 1161:1949–1999 1134:harmonies 1111:Zhou Xuan 1107:Li Jinhui 752:Confucius 701:bianzhong 654:Mawangdui 350:Northeast 305:Hong Kong 270:Guangdong 79:Orchestra 8074:Category 8020:Category 7893:Buddhism 7885:Religion 7862:Post-90s 7855:Post-80s 7599:Archives 7466:HIV/AIDS 7437:Literacy 7395:Abortion 7324:Internet 7281:Taxation 7264:Textiles 7244:Chemical 7239:Industry 7168:Currency 7046:Military 6854:in Tibet 6818:Politics 6755:Wildlife 6667:Wetlands 6430:COVID-19 6258:Imperial 6156:Monarchs 6116:Language 6101:Timeline 6073:articles 6017:Category 5938:Abkhazia 5888:Thailand 5843:Pakistan 5823:Mongolia 5818:Maldives 5813:Malaysia 5713:Cambodia 5207:20753625 4982:Archived 4658:Archived 4450:10543580 4374:glories. 4050:(1999), 3676:See also 3587:Cao Peng 3583:Li Delun 3443:nu metal 3431:Overload 3377:Cui Jian 3302:Rave Now 3226:mandopop 3222:cantopop 3217:Baak Doi 3200:shidaiqu 3193:mandopop 3189:cantopop 3115:Notation 2989:zhongyue 2914:Dongjing 2787:Xinjiang 2768:Xinjiang 2667:Tibetan 2635:operatic 2595:chanting 2593:. While 2501:Shandong 2429:cantopop 2303:Tibetans 2258:Shanghai 2254:Jiangnan 2240:Hangzhou 2214:Chaozhou 2048:Bangzi. 2032:County, 2019:Jiangnan 1770:Shanghai 1754:Shandong 1746:Chaozhou 1706:falsetto 1583:bianqing 1505:Woodwind 1464:. 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