27:
118:, through which a water pipe was run. Water was drawn from a cold water tank and circulated through the fire box. When heated, the water was drawn off to the area where it was used, typically in a bath or shower. There was often an ash box under the fire box, which allowed air under the fire, as well as various
136:
Water had to be run at a trickle in order to heat up to a desirable temperature. The rate of combustion was controlled by the flues and the ash box. With a lot of fuel and open flues the water could boil quickly, which was not a desirable result. With practice, the correct combination of fuel, flue
160:, notes that the "instantaneous water heaters," which were being sold by Douglas & Sons of Melbourne by 1888, were probably chip heaters. In 1892, an advertisement in Melbourne promised that Fischer's Patent Bath Heater could be heated with wood in three minutes at the cost of one
203:
There were a number of manufacturers and brands. According to
Professor Lewis, early 20th century brands included the "Royal", "Little Hero", "Silver Ace", "Kangaroo", "Empire" and "Little Wonder". Peter Wood recalls a "Torrens" brand being popular in
211:
Metters had a variety of chip heaters in its 1936 catalogue, including oil and kerosene-powered chip heaters. Metters claimed a flow of 2 imperial gallons (9.1 L; 2.4 US gal) of "very hot water" per minute.
238:
Postings on the NSW Heritage Office
Heritage Advisors Discussion Group by Peter Benkendorff, David Beauchamp, Susan Duyker, Elizabeth Roberts and Peter Woods, April 2007.
56:
191:, popular in Australian suburban residences from the 1920s. The main difference was the fuel source. The Australian manufacturer,
263:
171:, which marketed its products in Australia, do not show chip heaters. That suggests that the chip heater was a local innovation.
149:, because many people can remember using one or someone who had one. The precise history of the chip heater is unclear.
78:
49:
137:
settings, and water flow, could result in enough hot water for a shower or bath in approximately 20 minutes.
195:, supplied gas geysers for city clients (who had access to gas) and chip heaters for country clients.
168:
39:
43:
35:
221:
Archer, John, 1998, Your home: the inside story of the
Australian house, Port Melbourne, Lothian.
161:
107:
from the 1880s until the 1960s. Examples of this form of domestic water heater are still in use.
188:
111:
60:
8:
258:
133:, small twigs, or wood chips. The use of the later gave the chip heater its name.
192:
153:
146:
252:
119:
96:
130:
242:
157:
104:
226:
Metters' bath heater and hot water service : sectional catalogue
100:
205:
184:
180:
126:
241:
Posting on
Engineering Heritage discussion group by Professor
233:
The
Australian home beautiful: from Hills hoist to high rise
115:
145:
The chip heater is embedded in
Australian and New Zealand
110:
The chip heater consisted of a cylindrical unit with a
167:
Catalogues from between 1913 and 1919 of the
American
152:The original idea is almost certainly derived from
250:
48:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
235:, McMahon's Point, N.S.W. Home Beautiful, 1999.
125:The fire box was relatively small and fed by
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
179:The chip heater was very similar to the
251:
95:is a single point, tankless, domestic
156:. Architectural historian, Professor
20:
13:
14:
275:
198:
25:
264:Residential heating appliances
1:
215:
7:
174:
10:
280:
189:"geyser" hot water heaters
140:
169:National Radiator Company
16:Domestic hot water system
34:This article includes a
63:more precise citations.
154:vertical steam boilers
129:, such as newspaper,
99:system popular in
36:list of references
224:Metters Ltd 1936
89:
88:
81:
271:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
59:this article by
50:inline citations
29:
28:
21:
279:
278:
274:
273:
272:
270:
269:
268:
249:
248:
231:Oliver, Julie.
218:
201:
193:Metters Limited
177:
143:
85:
74:
68:
65:
54:
40:related reading
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
277:
267:
266:
261:
247:
246:
239:
236:
229:
228:, Metters Ltd.
222:
217:
214:
200:
197:
176:
173:
147:social history
142:
139:
87:
86:
69:September 2008
44:external links
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
276:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
254:
245:26 April 2007
244:
240:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
220:
219:
213:
209:
207:
199:Manufacturers
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
172:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
138:
134:
132:
128:
123:
122:in the flue.
121:
117:
113:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
83:
80:
72:
62:
58:
52:
51:
45:
41:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
232:
225:
210:
202:
178:
166:
151:
144:
135:
124:
109:
92:
90:
75:
66:
55:Please help
47:
18:
243:Miles Lewis
158:Miles Lewis
105:New Zealand
93:chip heater
61:introducing
253:Categories
216:References
131:pine cones
187:-powered
101:Australia
97:hot water
259:Plumbing
206:Adelaide
185:kerosene
175:Variants
162:farthing
112:fire box
141:History
120:dampers
57:improve
127:tinder
42:, or
183:and
116:flue
114:and
103:and
91:The
181:gas
255::
208:.
164:.
46:,
38:,
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
53:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.