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389:. In September, Chita Social Democrats convened a congress of Transbaikal activists, with 18 delegates representing railway workers from the region, as well as from shop and depot workers in Chita, and 5 RSDLP representatives. In the wake of the general strike of October 1905, Transbaikal railway telegraph employees voiced their demands, including radical land reform. Later, Chita railway engineers tried to create a national congress of workers based on their local "union of engineers". Chita organizers built a separate union for shop and depot workers. By December, the Chita Republic encompassed most of the major stations, and in January 3–6, 1906, 2,500 workers were organized under the local union at twelve stations and were represented by 37 representatives.
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Irkutsk, resolving on revolutionary self-government in Chita (but not for the takeover of the Trans-Siberian
Railway). On December 18, a mass rally called for the convening of the Congress of Delegates of Transbaikalia, an organization comprising the Chita Municipal Duma and the representatives from local unions and political parties. On December 21, the congress, chaired by mayor of Chita Sergei Kirillovich Sheshmintev, agreed on self-government for the city of Chita with universal elections. Sanctioned by Governor-General Kholshchelvnikov, the Chita Post and Telegraph Office came under the jurisdiction of an elected committee.
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328:, the number of new workers coming in could not keep up with the increase in the number of people using the railway. There was little medical care for workers who had to work in the cold, and accidents were common due to the climate and the lack of workers. Thus, left-wing influence grew rapidly in the Transbaikal region. Chita, in particular, was more influenced by the
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region. Workers under it exercised heavy control over the local railroads. The local military governor-general, I. V. Kholshchelvnikov, complied with the demands of the revolutionaries, and so was not removed. He was later tried through court-martial. The workers and soldiers of Chita who controlled
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headed the "Soviet of
Soldiers' and Cossacks' Deputies" on 22 November. Railway workers proclaimed an eight-hour workday. To prevent fighting along the railway, the revolutionaries formed the "Joint Committee of Railway Workers and Service Personnel". A railway congress was called in mid-December in
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region on the eve of the 1905 Russian
Revolution was a hotbed for workers' unrest. Although Siberian wages were high (on average, 30% higher than wages in European Russia), there was much inflation in the region. Food prices jumped in the decade before the revolution by 40-50%, but incomes only rose
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with a one-day walkout. In late
January, there was a three-day strike by the railway workers over late wages. In July, agitation by the RSDLP led to a group of 20 craftsmen presenting demands to local authorities. Negotiations devolved into strikes from July 25 and 26. Workshops were closed on the
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The six leaders of the Chita
Republic were shot on the slope of Titovsky sopka. Kurnatovsky's death sentence was later commuted to life-long exile to Siberia. Military courts gave death sentences to many others, as well as twenty-six soldiers. In the memory of the leaders of the Chita Republic,
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27th, and on the 28th, workers came up with 33 new demands, including a demand for an eight-hour work day. It is noted that speeches by local Social-Democratic leaders received up to 2,000 listeners from the striking workers. These strikes spread along the
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453:, the pacifier of Siberia, carried the condemned man in his train so that he might witness with his own eyes the executions of workers at every railway station."
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organized themselves into a "Soviet of
Soldiers' and Cossacks' Deputies" and took control over the city, declaring the Chita Republic in December 1905.
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On
November 16, 1905, around 4,000 workers rallied under the RSDLP to create a republic fighting against the autocracy of the Russian government.
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This article is about the worker's republic during the
Russian Revolution of 1905. For the Russian puppet state during the Russian Civil War, see
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340:. The RSDLP started agitating against the war in various cities along the Trans-Siberian Railroad, with major strikes starting in January 1905.
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The Rise and Fall of Russia's Far
Eastern Republic, 1905–1922: Nationalisms, Imperialisms, and Regionalisms in and after the Russian Empire
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The "Joint
Committee of Railway Workers and Service Personnel" extended the Chita Republic's power through much of the surrounding
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The leaders of the republic tried to organize and establish administration in the city and its outskirts, and the new periodical
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was issued in Chita on December 7, 1905, but the republic was fated to fail after the suppression of the uprisings in
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578:, 41-74. PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY: Princeton University Press, 1980. Accessed July 31, 2020. doi:10.2307/j.ctt7zvwc8.7.
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the railroads were so well-armed, the local Siberian units passing through the city did not wish to fight them.
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several central streets of Chita were named after them (Babushkina street, Kurnatovsky street, etc.).
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by half that. Poor harvests in 1901 and 1902 led to up to 200% increases in prices for food. On the
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In The End of the Russian Imperial Army: The Old Army and the Soldiers' Revolt (March–April, 1917)
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Workers' republic established on the Trans-Siberian Railway during the 1905 Russian Revolution
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Viktor Kurnatovsky, leader of the Soviet of Soldiers' and Cossacks' Deputies
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from the end of 1905 to the beginning of 1906. Chita, a city in eastern
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47, no. 1 (1988): 25-48. Accessed July 31, 2020. doi:10.2307/130442.
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Reichman, Henry. "The 1905 Revolution on the Siberian Railroad."
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Ivan Vasilievich Babushkin, a leader of the Chita Republic
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WILDMAN, ALLAN K. "THE LEGACY OF DEFEAT AND REVOLUTION."
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The chapel where leaders of the Chita Republic were shot
502:"Stalin – An Appraisal of the Man and his Influence"
449:was again arrested and sentenced to death. General
295:armed revolutionaries under the leadership of the
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610:Organizations of the Russian Revolution of 1905
364:Initially, railway workers in Chita reacted to
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90:Chairman of the Council of Workers' Militias
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665:States and territories established in 1906
660:States and territories established in 1905
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122:Soviet of Soldiers' and Cossacks' Deputies
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605:1906 establishments in the Russian Empire
600:1905 establishments in the Russian Empire
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551:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 89–90.
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433:. Troops loyal to the regime, led by
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545:Ivan Sablin (17 July 2018).
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615:History of Zabaykalsky Krai
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685:1906 in the Russian Empire
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650:1905 in the Russian Empire
595:Russian Revolution of 1905
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481:Reminiscences of Lenin
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163:• Disestablished
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70:Common languages
675:Rebellions in Russia
435:Paul von Rennenkampf
271:) was a short-lived
269:Читинская республика
33:Читинская республика
21:Far Eastern Republic
423:Zabaykalsky Rabochy
344:Revolution in Chita
143:• Established
630:Transbaikal Oblast
620:History of Siberia
530:The Russian Review
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338:Russo-Japanese War
301:Viktor Kurnatovsky
289:Russo-Japanese War
153:• Proclaimed
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439:Meller-Zakomelsky
273:workers' republic
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103:• 1905-1906
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437:and general
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332:than by the
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196:Succeeded by
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52:Chita Oblast
50:Location of
451:Rennenkampf
447:Kurnatovsky
409:Suppression
402:Transbaikal
321:Transbaikal
191:Preceded by
118:Legislature
589:Categories
511:28 October
462:References
334:Mensheviks
330:Bolsheviks
315:Background
299:headed by
80:Government
379:Innokenty
275:based in
54:in Russia
39:1905–1906
478:(1933).
176:Currency
375:Irkutsk
281:Siberia
265:Russian
74:Russian
60:Capital
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427:Moscow
307:, and
285:Russia
252:Russia
93:
297:RSDLP
277:Chita
180:Ruble
64:Chita
553:ISBN
513:2016
429:and
385:and
383:Zima
319:The
259:The
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381:,
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263:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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