256:
140:
28:
596:
393:
percentage. The sole
Protestant group active among the Mbundu was the Methodist Mission, largely sponsored by the Methodist Episcopal Church of the United States. Portuguese data for 1960 indicated that only 8 percent of the Mbundu considered themselves Protestants, but Protestant missions had considerable success among the
251:
The involvement of the
Protestant churches in the languages of their mission areas, their medical and other welfare activity, and their ability to adapt to local structures or (in the case of the Methodists among the Mbundu) to be fortuitously consistent with them gave Protestants much more influence
400:
In addition to the
Protestant churches directly generated by the missions and continuing in a more or less orthodox pattern, there were other groups, which stemmed at least in part from the Protestant experience but expressed a peculiarly local tendency and which were dominated entirely by Africans.
392:
In the late 1980s, statistics on
Christian preferences among ethnic groups were unavailable, but proportions calculated from the 1960 census probably had not changed significantly. According to the 1960 census, about 21 percent of the Ovimbundu were Protestants, but later estimates suggest a smaller
135:
was declared the exclusive responsibility of missionary personnel. All church activities, education included, were to be subsidized by the state. In reality, Protestant missions were permitted to engage in educational activity, but without subsidy and on condition that
Portuguese be the language of
266:
Estimates of the number of Roman
Catholics in Angola varied. One source claimed that about 55 percent of the population in 1985 was Roman Catholic; another put the proportion in 1987 at 68 percent. Most Roman Catholics lived in western Angola, not only because that part of the country was the most
224:
was linked to the structure of these communities. This connection was brought about in part by the tendency of entire communities to turn to the variety of
Protestantism offered locally. The conversion of isolated individuals was rare. Those individuals who did not become Christians remained to a
252:
than their numbers would suggest. For example, the leaders of the three major nationalist movements in the 1970s - the MPLA, UNITA, and the FNLA - had been raised as
Protestants, and many others in these movements were also Protestants, even if their commitment may have diminished over time.
357:
characteristic of indigenous religious systems. Sometimes the
Christian sphere of the life of a community was institutionally separate from the indigenous sphere. In other cases, the local meaning and practice of Christianity were modified by indigenous patterns of belief and practice.
119:
and on condition that they be integrated with the
Portuguese missionary organization. Foreign Roman Catholic missionaries were required to renounce the laws of their own country, submit to Portuguese law, and furnish proof of their ability to speak and write the
361:
The proportion of Protestants in the Angolan population was estimated at 10 percent to 20 percent in the late 1980s. The majority of them presumably were Africans, although some mestiços may have been affiliated with one or another Protestant church.
131:. All of this was consistent with the Colonial Act of 1930, which advanced the view that Portuguese Catholic missions overseas were "instruments of civilization and national influence". In 1940, the education of
912:
225:
greater or lesser extent adherents of the indigenous system; unless they migrated to one of the larger towns, persons of a specific locality did not have the option of another kind of Christianity.
979:
708:
162:
in 1926, the authorities kept an eye on the Protestant missions but were not particularly hostile to them. Settlers and local administrators often were hostile, however, because Protestant
1349:
314:
According to the 2014 census, Roman Catholicism was practiced by 41.1% of the population. A total of 38.1% were Protestants, while 20.9% practiced indigenous beliefs, other religions, or
1396:
1392:
248:
as interpreted by the specific denomination sometimes became attached to the high god of the indigenous religious system and typically made that deity more prominent than previously.
974:
1388:
306:, although the city of Huambo had been estimated to be two-thirds Catholic. In the southern and eastern districts, the proportion of Roman Catholics dropped considerably.
1379:
189:
Protestant missionaries worked at learning the local languages, in part to communicate better with those in their mission field, but above all in order to translate the
150:
The important Protestant missions in place in the 1960s (or their predecessors) had arrived in Angola in the late 19th century and therefore had been at work before the
240:
affected church organization; on the other hand, the presence of Christians in the community affected the local culture to varying degrees. Christians who could quote
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densely populated but also because Portuguese penetration into the far interior was comparatively recent and Roman Catholic missionaries tended to follow the flag.
1353:
1323:
1093:
401:
The number of Angolans identifying with such African churches is not known, but it is reasonable to assume that many Angolans were attached to them.
182:
fashion but in ways that involved contact with Africans in a more sustained fashion than was characteristic of Roman Catholic missionaries and local
397:. As many as 35 percent of the Bakongo were considered Protestants by the official religious census of 1960, with Baptists being the most numerous.
715:
158:. Their early years, therefore, were little affected by Portuguese policy and practice. Before the establishment of the New State (Estado Novo) in
1238:
1078:
797:
374:
1098:
166:
tended to be protective of what they considered their charges. In those early years and later, Protestant missionaries were not only
830:
629:
377:, the Evangelical Church of Angola, the Evangelical Church of South-West Angola, the Our Lord Jesus Christ Church in the World (
1015:
930:
802:
648:
382:
853:
370:
812:
1113:
1427:
701:
346:
155:
1405:
673:
614:
462:
457:, edited by Erwin Fahlbusch and Geoffrey William Bromiley, 59-62. Vol. 1. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1999.
1153:
807:
1263:
1253:
1058:
889:
848:
386:
366:
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Religious affiliation in Angola was difficult to define because many who claimed membership in a specific
1268:
1158:
1088:
436:
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in the local tongue contributed phrases to it that others picked up, and the attributes of the Christian
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to know a local language. Roman Catholic missionaries did not similarly emphasize the translation of the
1328:
1248:
1213:
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1183:
1138:
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608:
350:
1203:
762:
578:
1303:
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1128:
1123:
1103:
1068:
1053:
922:
1288:
1258:
1243:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1173:
1168:
1118:
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871:
778:
441:
132:
1298:
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1024:
283:
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100:
39:
1273:
1223:
1178:
1163:
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1133:
1108:
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was very influential there. There was a substantial proportion of Roman Catholics among the
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into African tongues. Protestant missionaries were much more likely than administrators and
1283:
1193:
1083:
745:
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beliefs. Groups that are not Christian include the Mumuila, Mbwela (Nganguela), Mungambwe,
8:
582:
331:
121:
431:
354:
85:
47:
907:
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458:
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63:
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The government recognized eleven Protestant denominations: the Assembly of God, the
271:
237:
111:
provided that foreign missionaries could be admitted only with the approval of the
55:
43:
652:
19:
has existed since 1491. Today 80% of Angolans practise some form of Christianity.
389:, the Union of Evangelical Churches of Angola, and the United Methodist Church.
944:
206:
74:
108:
1421:
600:
279:
194:
190:
590:
228:
Those members of a community who had not yet become Christians were tied by
66:, also a Christian, became a well-known figure, reigning from 1509 to 1543.
724:
631:
Resultados definitivos, recenseamento geral da população e habitação – 2014
339:
291:
255:
175:
163:
59:
139:
993:
899:
693:
378:
278:. Bakongo in Angola proper were not quite so heavily Roman Catholic, and
233:
772:
637:(in Portuguese). Luanda: Instituto Nacional de Estatística. p. 52.
315:
167:
70:
236:
to those individuals who had. On the one hand, indigenous patterns of
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863:
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572:
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are one of the most heavily Christian groups, with only 1.5% holding
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51:
27:
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754:
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36:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
571:
Warner, Rachel (1989). "Christianity". In Collelo, Thomas (ed.).
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Missionary activity was placed under the authority of Portuguese
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260:
217:
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81:
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and, with some exceptions, did not make a point of learning a
394:
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The most heavily Roman Catholic area before independence was
202:
95:
Although Roman Catholic missions were largely staffed by non-
84:. In 1897, the Angola Evangelical Mission was established in
89:
953:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Angola
411:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Angola
245:
88:, and the North Angola Mission started in 1925, in
1419:
416:The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
1009:
709:
154:managed to establish control over the entire
35:Christianity in Angola began in 1491, with a
375:Evangelical Congregational Church in Angola
321:
1023:
1016:
1002:
723:
716:
702:
628:Instituto Nacional de Estatística (2016).
294:provinces. Less heavily Catholic were the
913:Evangelical Pentecostal Mission of Angola
831:Anglican Church of Mozambique and Angola
254:
138:
26:
980:Council of Christian Churches in Angola
1420:
931:Universal Church of the Kingdom of God
570:
997:
697:
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383:Evangelical Reformed Church in Angola
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486:
484:
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478:
404:
371:Baptist Evangelical Church in Angola
178:, and counselors - all perhaps in a
813:United Evangelical Church in Angola
13:
447:
14:
1439:
798:Evangelical Congregational Church
475:
418:has more than 1,000 members in 5
1324:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1094:Democratic Republic of the Congo
594:
455:The Encyclopedia of Christianity
274:, where most of the people were
216:were associated with particular
453:Kürschner, Frank. "Angola." In
349:also shared perceptions of the
309:
975:Evangelical Alliance of Angola
666:
641:
621:
220:communities, the structure of
1:
808:Presbyterian Church of Angola
680:, LDS Church, January 1, 2012
649:"SIM Country Profile: Angola"
468:
890:Seventh-day Adventist Church
849:Baptist Convention of Angola
387:Seventh-day Adventist Church
367:Baptist Convention of Angola
326:In contemporary Angola, the
212:Because specific Protestant
7:
803:Evangelical Reformed Church
437:Roman Catholicism in Angola
425:
10:
1444:
854:Baptist Evangelical Church
613:: CS1 maint: postscript (
408:
22:
1337:
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1031:
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862:
839:
821:
788:
771:
753:
744:
735:
579:Federal Research Division
143:Old Portuguese church in
1079:Central African Republic
676:, Facts and Statistics,
322:Christian identification
298:-populated provinces of
1025:Christianity in Africa
872:United Methodist Church
574:Angola: a country study
442:Protestantism in Angola
31:The Cathedral of Luanda
1428:Christianity in Angola
347:Christian denomination
263:
222:religious organization
147:
32:
17:Christianity in Angola
1239:São Tomé and Príncipe
1099:Republic of the Congo
763:Roman Catholic Church
258:
142:
113:Portuguese government
30:
746:Western Christianity
577:. Washington, D.C.:
1314:States with limited
966:Interdenominational
583:Library of Congress
259:Catholic Church in
122:Portuguese language
69:In 1878, the first
585:. pp. 94–97.
432:Religion in Angola
355:supernatural order
264:
148:
33:
1415:
1414:
1341:other territories
1114:Equatorial Guinea
988:
987:
961:
960:
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908:Assemblies of God
609:cite encyclopedia
405:Latter-day Saints
1435:
1402:
1401:(United Kingdom)
1397:Tristan da Cunha
1393:Ascension Island
1385:
1372:
1363:
1339:Dependencies and
1032:Sovereign states
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651:. Archived from
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272:Cabinda Province
238:social relations
54:of the powerful
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923:Neo-charismatic
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448:Further reading
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103:, the relevant
62:, and his son,
58:, converted to
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1406:Western Sahara
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945:Restorationism
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1154:Guinea-Bissau
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655:on 2007-09-05
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191:Old Testament
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56:Kongo Kingdom
53:
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1389:Saint Helena
1360:
1264:South Africa
1254:Sierra Leone
1059:Burkina Faso
1043:
990:
779:Main article
738:Main article
737:
725:Christianity
682:, retrieved
677:
668:
657:. Retrieved
653:the original
643:
630:
623:
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454:
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310:Demographics
292:Cuanza Norte
269:
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164:missionaries
149:
126:
101:colonial era
94:
68:
60:Christianity
44:São Salvador
34:
16:
15:
1316:recognition
1269:South Sudan
1159:Ivory Coast
900:Pentecostal
422:in Angola.
379:Kimbanguist
316:no religion
234:propinquity
168:evangelists
124:correctly.
99:during the
1371:(Portugal)
1329:Somaliland
1249:Seychelles
1214:Mozambique
1199:Mauritania
1184:Madagascar
1139:The Gambia
1074:Cape Verde
773:Protestant
684:2013-03-11
659:2007-09-23
469:References
463:0802824137
332:indigenous
152:Portuguese
97:Portuguese
71:Protestant
1204:Mauritius
882:Adventist
864:Methodist
790:Calvinist
296:Ovimbundu
242:Scripture
170:but also
156:territory
52:Manikongo
1422:Category
1395: /
1391: /
1384:(France)
1378: /
1356: /
1352: /
1304:Zimbabwe
1279:Tanzania
1129:Ethiopia
1124:Eswatini
1104:Djibouti
1069:Cameroon
1054:Botswana
823:Anglican
755:Catholic
678:Newsroom
674:"Angola"
591:44357178
426:See also
336:Kwangali
300:Benguela
199:settlers
193:and the
180:paternal
172:teachers
160:Portugal
145:Benguela
133:Africans
115:and the
105:statutes
78:Baptists
64:Afonso I
37:Catholic
1380:Réunion
1376:Mayotte
1367:Madeira
1362:(Spain)
1358:Melilla
1289:Tunisia
1259:Somalia
1244:Senegal
1229:Nigeria
1219:Namibia
1209:Morocco
1174:Liberia
1169:Lesotho
1119:Eritrea
1089:Comoros
1064:Burundi
1039:Algeria
841:Baptist
381:), the
351:natural
328:Bakongo
276:Bakongo
230:kinship
176:healers
129:priests
117:Vatican
109:accords
86:Cabinda
75:British
42:in the
40:mission
23:History
1399:
1382:
1369:
1299:Zambia
1294:Uganda
1234:Rwanda
1189:Malawi
1149:Guinea
1044:Angola
729:Angola
589:
461:
395:Dembos
385:, the
373:, the
369:, the
304:Huambo
288:Luanda
284:Mbundu
261:Huambo
218:ethnic
82:Angola
48:João I
46:area.
1354:Ceuta
1274:Sudan
1224:Niger
1179:Libya
1164:Kenya
1144:Ghana
1134:Gabon
1109:Egypt
1049:Benin
635:(PDF)
340:Himba
203:Bible
1284:Togo
1194:Mali
1084:Chad
615:link
587:OCLC
459:ISBN
353:and
302:and
290:and
232:and
107:and
90:Uige
727:in
286:in
246:God
1424::
611:}}
607:{{
593:.
581:,
477:^
338:,
318:.
209:.
186:.
174:,
92:.
50:,
1017:e
1010:t
1003:v
781:)
777:(
717:e
710:t
703:v
662:.
617:)
603:.
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