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non-profit organization and "inter-denominational
Christian ministry", there were 105 millions Christians in China in 2011. The compiler of these figures, Paul Hattaway, indicates that his figures are his own estimate, based on more than 2,000 published sources such as Internet reports, journals, and books, as well as interviews with house church leaders. The study points out that "owing to the difficulties of conducting such a in China today – not the least of which is the sheer size of the country – there is a margin of error of 20 percent." Citing one of the aforementioned surveys, Gerda Wielander says that the actual number of Christians is around 30 million. Similarly, missionary researcher Tony Lambert has highlighted that an estimate of "one hundred million Chinese Christians" was already being spread by American Christian media in 1983, and has been further exaggerated, through a chain of misquotations, in the 2000s. Christopher Marsh (2011) too has been critical of these overestimations. On 6 January 2015, David Ferguson published on the
7108:. p. 99, quote: «Protestantism expanded rapidly in China within the confines of the TSPM. But that movement accounted for only a portion of Chinese Protestants. Another portion was composed of believers outside the official body, members of sects not acceptable to the government—sects referred to as "house churches", because their covert meetings were usually held in members' homes. The Shouters was one such groups Over the last half of the twentieth century, a variety of Christian evangelical groups sprang up in China, much to the distress of the government. illegal cults, which included not only the Shouters, but also Eastern Lightning, the Society of Disciples, the Full Scope Church, the Spirit Sect, the New Testament Church, the Lord God Sect, the Established King Church and more. The Local Church is the official title of the group that became known as the Shouters because of the members' practice of stamping their feet and repeatedly yelling "O Lord Jesus" during religious services.»
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1853:
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3133:, only three of which are Chinese congregations, all the Korean churches have a male pastor while all the Chinese churches have a female pastor. Also, Yanbian Korean church buildings are stylistically very similar to South Korean churches, with big spires surmounted by large red crosses. Yanbian Korean churches and house churches in China have been a matter of controversy for the Chinese government because of their links to South Korean churches. Many of the Korean house churches in China receive financial support and pastoral ordinations from South Korean churches, and some of them are effectively branches of South Korean churches. South Korean missionaries have major influence not only on Korean-Chinese churches but also the Han Chinese churches in mainland China.
1979:
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1692:
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million patients. In 1894, male medical missionaries constituted 14 percent of all missionaries; women doctors were four percent. Modern medical education in China started in the early 20th century at hospitals run by international missionaries. They began establishing nurse training schools in China in the late 1880s, but nursing of sick men by female nurses was rejected by local traditions, so the number of
Chinese students was small until the practice became accepted in the 1930s. There was also a level of distrust on the part of traditional evangelical missionaries who thought hospitals were diverting needed resources away from the primary goal of conversions.
2905:, remain theoretically subject to persecution today. In practice, however, the Vatican and the Chinese State have been, at least unofficially, accommodating each other for some time. While some bishops who joined the Catholic Patriotic Church in its early years have been condemned and even excommunicated, the entire organization has never been declared schismatic by the Vatican and, at present, its bishops are even invited to church synods like other Catholic leaders. Also, many underground clergy and laymen are active in the official Patriotic Church as well. Still, there are periods of discomfort between Vatican and the Patriotic Church:
1520:
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10351:
5002:
1684:
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2534:
2805:
2721:, the first medical college for women in China, and its affiliated hospital known as David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children (柔濟醫院), located together in Guangzhou, China, were founded by female medical missionary Mary H. Fulton (1854–1927). Fulton was sent by the Foreign Missions Board of the Presbyterian Church (USA), with the support of the Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, New York, of which David Gregg was pastor. The college was dedicated in 1902 and offered a four-year medical curriculum. Its graduates include
3003:. The Catholic underground churches are those congregations who remain fully faithful to the Pope in Rome and refuse to register as part of the Catholic Patriotic Church. Much of the Protestant house church movement dates back to the coerced unification of all Protestant denominations in the Three-Self Church in 1958. There is often significant overlap between the membership of registered and unregistered Christian bodies, as a large number of people attend both registered and unregistered churches.
3234:
figures only count adult baptized members of government sanctioned churches. Thus they generally do not include un-baptized persons attending
Christian groups, non-adult children of Christian believers or other persons under age 18 and they generally do not take into account unregistered Christian groups. There is often significant overlap between the membership of registered and unregistered Christian bodies, as a large number of people attend both registered and unregistered churches.
3252:
2203:
3408:, a city of Zhejiang, about one million people (approximately 11%) are Christians, the highest concentration in one city. The Protestant population consists predominantly of illiterate or semi-illiterate people, elderly people and women. These characteristics are confirmed by the findings of the Yu Tao survey of 2008, which also found that Protestantism has the lowest proportion of believers who are at the same time members of the CCP in comparison to other religions, and by the
2931:
2195:
part of
Western imperialism. The educated gentry were afraid for their own power. The mandarins claim to power lay in the knowledge of the Chinese classics—all government officials had to pass extremely difficult tests on Confucianism. The elite currently in power feared this might be replaced by the Bible, scientific training and Western education. Indeed, the examination system was abolished in the early 20th century by reformers who admired Western models of modernization.
2583:
there were 8,325 Protestant missionaries in China. In 1927 there were sixteen
American universities and colleges, ten professional schools of collegiate rank, four schools of theology, and six schools of medicine. These institutions represented an investment of $ 19 million. By 1920, 265 Christian middle schools existed with an enrollment of 15,213. There were thousands of elementary schools; the Presbyterians alone had 383 primary schools with about 15,000 students.
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30:
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2372:
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1174:
2215:
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3096:. The first mission was undertaken by Russians in the 17th century. Orthodox Christianity is also practiced by the small Russian minority in China. The Church operates relatively freely in Hong Kong (where the Ecumenical Patriarch has sent a metropolitan, Bishop Nikitas and the Russian Orthodox parish of St Peter and St Paul resumed its operation) and Taiwan (where archimandrite Jonah George Mourtos leads a mission church).
2875:, the United States froze all Chinese assets in the United States and banned the transfer of funds from the United States to within the PRC. Among the effects of these policies was cutting off funding for American-affiliated cultural institutions in China, including Christian colleges and religious institutions. The PRC responded by nationalizing American-affiliated cultural institutions, including religious ones.
1500:
3308:
China. The other survey was conducted by professor Liu
Zhongyu of the East China Normal University of Shanghai. The surveys were conducted independently and along different periods of time, but they reached the same results. According to the analyses, there were approximately 54 million Christians in China (≈4% of the total population), of whom 39 million were Protestants and 14 million were Catholics.
2407:, based in London with a strong appeal to fundamentalist and evangelical Anglicans, was the largest mission agency in China and it is estimated that Taylor was responsible for more people being converted to Christianity than at any other time since The days of the apostles. Out of the 8,500 Protestant missionaries that were at one time at work in China, 1000 of them were from the China Inland Mission.
4517:. In 1535, Portuguese traders obtained the rights to anchor ships in Macau's harbours and to carry out trading activities, though not the right to stay onshore. Around 1552–1553, they obtained temporary permission to erect storage sheds onshore, in order to dry out goods drenched by sea water; they soon built rudimentary stone houses around the area now called Nam Van. In 1576,
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1275:
identify as such. These estimations are controversial because the organizations which make them are often accused of deliberately inflating them. Pew
Research reported in 2023: "Some media reports and academic papers have suggested the Christian share may be larger, with estimates as high as 7% (100 million) or 9% (130 million) of the total population, including children."
8221:"Billy Graham: an appreciation: wherever one travels around the world, the names of three Baptists are immediately known and appreciated—Jimmy Carter, Billy Graham and Martin Luther King, Jr. One is a politician, one an evangelist, and the other was a civil rights leader. All of them have given Baptists and the Christian faith a good reputation. (Biography)"
2922:
years, however, the
Communist Party has looked with distrust on organizations with international ties; it tends to associate Christianity with what it deems to be subversive Western values, and has closed churches and schools. In 2015, outspoken pastors in Hong Kong and their associates on the mainland came under close scrutiny from government officials.
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character to hasten with one accord to accept the same faith. For the deeds can be reckoned up and numbered which have been done in India, among the Seres , Persians, and Medes; in Arabia, Egypt, in Asia, Syria; among the
Galatians, Parthians, Phrygians; in Achaia, Macedonia, Epirus; in all islands and provinces on which the rising and setting sun shines.
2262:. Some hoped that the Chinese government would discriminate between Protestantism and the Catholic Church, since the law was directed at Rome, but after Protestant missionaries in 1835– 36 gave Christian books to Chinese, the Daoguang Emperor demanded to know who were the "traitorous natives in Canton who had supplied them with books".
2898:
Christians were known to have been imprisoned between 1983 and 1993. In 1992 the government began a campaign to shut down all of the unregistered meetings. However, government implementation of restrictions since then has varied widely between regions of China and in many areas there is greater religious liberty.
3163:. They primarily operate in a form similar to the "house churches", small worship groups, outside of the state-sanctioned Three-Self Church, that meet in members' homes. One feature that some Christian sects with this label have in common is particular emphasis on the authority of a single leader, sometimes even
1740:, both of whom made a famous pilgrimage to the West, visiting many Church of the East communities along the way. Marcos was elected as Patriarch of the Church of the East, and Bar Sauma went as far as visiting the courts of Europe in 1287–1288, where he told Western monarchs about Christianity among the Mongols.
4525:. In 1583, the Portuguese in Macau were permitted to form a Senate to handle various issues concerning their social and economic affairs under strict supervision of the Chinese authority, but there was no transfer of sovereignty. Macau prospered as a port but was the target of repeated failed attempts by the
2501:" had the same pronunciation as the word for "pig". The pamphlet also showed Christian clergy engaging in orgies following Sunday services and removing the placentas, breasts, and testicles from kidnapped Chinese. It concluded with repeated calls for their extermination by vigilantes and the government.
2918:, the Patriotic Catholic bishop of Shanghai (whom the Vatican also recognized as the coadjutor bishop), was arrested and imprisoned after publicly resigning from his positions in the Patriotic Church in 2012, an act which was considered a challenge to the state control over the Catholic Church in China.
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The main goal was conversions, but they made relatively few. They were much more successful in setting up schools, as well as hospitals and dispensaries. They avoided
Chinese politics, but were committed opponents of opium. Western governments could protect them in the treaty ports, but outside those
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The Lord of Heaven is Heaven itself. . . . In the empire we have a temple for honoring Heaven and sacrificing to Him. We Manchus have Tiao Tchin. The first day of every year we burn incense and paper to honor Heaven. We Manchus have our own particular rites for honoring Heaven; the Mongols, Chinese,
2921:
A Christian spiritual revival has grown in the first decades of the twenty-first century. The Communist Party remains officially atheist, and has remained intolerant of churches outside party control. Christianity has grown rapidly, reaching 67 million people including unofficial churches. In recent
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from mainland China. In this period the Chinese Christian churches and organizations had their first experience with autonomy from the Western structures of the missionary church organizations. Some scholars suggest this helped lay the foundation for the independent denominations and churches of the
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Of the 500 hospitals in China in 1931, 235 were run by Protestant missions and 10 by Catholic missions. The mission hospitals produce 61 percent of Western trained doctors, 32 percent nurses and 50 percent of medical schools. Already by 1923 China had half of the world's missionary hospital beds and
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By the early 1860s, the Taiping movement was almost extinct, Protestant missions at the time were confined to five coastal cities. By the end of the century, however, the picture had vastly changed. Scores of new missionary societies had been organized, and several thousand missionaries were working
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from the primary to the university level. Some prominent Chinese universities began as religious-founded institutions. Missionaries worked to abolish practices such as foot binding, and the unjust treatment of maidservants, as well as launching charitable work and distributing food to the poor. They
2147:
The Lord of Heaven is Heaven itself. . . . In the empire we have a temple for honoring Heaven and sacrificing to Him. We Manchus have Tiao Tchin. The first day of every year we burn incense and paper to honor Heaven. We Manchus have our own particular rites for honoring Heaven; the Mongols, Chinese,
3233:
Although a number of factors—the vast Chinese population and the characteristic Chinese approach to religion among others—contribute to a difficulty to obtain empirical data on the number of Christians in China, a series of surveys have been conducted and published by different agencies. Government
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Miller (2006) explains that a significant amount of the house churches or unregistered congregations and meeting points of the Protestant spectrum, that refuse to join the Three-Self Church—China Christian Council, belong to the Chinese Independent Churches. Congregations of the Little Flock or the
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with “subversion of state power” and sentenced him to nine years imprisonment. Several local governments, including Guangzho city, offered cash bounties for individuals who informed on underground churches. In addition, authorities across the country have removed crosses from churches, banned youth
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maintained its government on Taiwan. The historian Daniel Bays comments that it was "not surprising that this new government, like the emperors of several dynasties of the last millennium, evinced an insistence on monitoring religious life and requiring all religions, for example, to register their
2427:
By 1865 when the China Inland Mission began, there were already thirty different Protestant groups at work in China, however the diversity of denominations represented did not equate to more missionaries on the field. In the seven provinces in which Protestant missionaries had already been working,
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estimates that some 50,000 foreigners served in mission work in China between 1809 and 1949, including both Protestants and Catholics. They encountered significant opposition from local elites, who were committed to Confucianism and resented Western ethical systems. Missionaries were often seen as
2733:
Indigenous Christian evangelism started in China in the late 1800s. Man-Kai Wan (1869–1927) was one of the first Chinese doctors of Western medicine in Hong Kong, the inaugural chairman of the Hong Kong Chinese Medical Association (1920–1922, forerunner of the Hong Kong Medical Association), and a
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The growth of the missionary movement in the first decades of the century wove a tie between the American church-going public and China that did not exist between the United States and any other country. The number of missionaries increased from 513 in 1890 to more than 2,000 in 1914, and by 1920
2524:
French Catholic missionaries were active in China; they were funded by appeals in French churches for money. The Holy Childhood Association (L'Oeuvre de la Sainte Enfance) was a Catholic charity founded in 1843 to rescue Chinese children from infanticide. It was a target of Chinese anti-Christian
2480:
The Chinese hostility to the missionary was based first of all on the fact that Western Christianity was utterly strange and incomprehensible to the Chinese. There was also the opposition based on what they did understand, namely the missionary's revolutionary program. The literati sensed from the
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of any Christian permitting Confucian rituals as soon as word reached him in 1707. By that time, however, Tournon and Bishop Maigrot had displayed such extreme ignorance in questioning before the throne that the Kangxi Emperor mandated the expulsion of Christian missionaries unable to abide by the
1485:
His virtues have been made manifest to you, and that unheard-of power over things, whether that which was openly exercised by Him or that which was used over the whole world by those who proclaimed Him: it has subdued the fires of passion, and caused races, and peoples, and nations most diverse in
1274:
of the late 1970s. In 2018, the Chinese government declared that there are over 44 million Christians (38 million Protestants & 6 million Catholics) in China. On the other hand, some international Christian organizations estimate that there are tens of millions more, who choose not to publicly
3435:
Controversy exists regarding the veracity of estimates published by some sources. For example, Gerda Wielander (2013) has claimed that estimates of the number of Christians in China that have been spread by Western media may have been highly inflated. For instance, according to Asia Harvest, a US
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established the first modern clinics and hospitals, provided the first training for nurses, and opened the first medical schools in China. By 1901, China was the most popular destination for medical missionaries. The 150 foreign physicians operated 128 hospitals and 245 dispensaries, treating 1.7
2278:
worked in a printing company in Guangzhou and came to know Robert Morrison in 1810, who translated the Bible to Chinese and needed printing of the translation. When William Milne arrived at Guangzhou in 1813 and worked with Morrison on translation of the Bible, he also came to know Liang, whom he
3307:
2007: two surveys were conducted that year to count the number of Christians in China. One of them was conducted by the Protestant missionary Werner Bürklin, founder of "China Partner", an international Christian organisation, and his team of 7,409 surveyors in every province and municipality of
2909:
condemned the Patriotic Catholic leaders as "persons who are not ordained, and sometimes not even baptised", who "control and make decisions concerning important ecclesial questions, including the appointment of bishops". The Chinese state indeed continues to appoint bishops and intervene in the
2697:
Due to the essential non-existence of Chinese doctors of Western medicine in China and Hong Kong, the founding of colleges of Western medicine was an important part of the medical mission. These colleges for the training of male and female doctors were separately founded. The training of female
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in fighting against bandits. The Big Swords practices heterodox practices, however, they were not bandits and were not seen as bandits by Chinese authorities. The Big Swords relentlessly crushed the bandits, but the bandits converted to the Catholic Church, because it made them legally immune to
1829:
It was also reported that competition with the Catholic Church and Islam were also factors in causing Church of the East Christianity to disappear in China; Catholics also considered the Church of the East as heretical, speaking of "controversies with the emissaries of Rome, and the progress of
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of which 97 under the Catholic Patriotic Church, 74 Chinese Patriotic bishops and 40 Catholic unofficial bishops, 2,150 Chinese Patriotic priests and 1,500 Catholic priests, 22 major and minor Chinese Patriotic seminaries and 10 Catholic unofficial seminaries. In the same year, there are 53,000
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Many scholars see the historical period between the Boxer Uprising and the Second Sino-Japanese War as a golden age of Chinese Christianity, as converts grew rapidly and churches were built in many regions of China. Paul Varg argues that American missionaries worked very hard on changing China:
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with Hong's version of Christianity. The Taiping rebellion was eventually put down by the Qing army, which was aided by French and British forces. With an estimated death toll of between 20 and 30 million due to warfare and the resulting starvation, this civil war is considered one of history's
2851:
The Chinese Protestant church entered the communist era having made significant progress toward self-support and self-government. While the Chinese Communist Party was hostile to religion in general, it did not seek to systematically destroy religion as long as the religious organizations were
2423:
In imperial-times Chinese social and religious culture there were charitable organizations for virtually every social service: burial of the dead, care of orphans, provision of food for the hungry. The wealthiest in every community—typically, the merchants—were expected to give food, medicine,
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undertook a century-long effort in translating the Chinese classics into Latin and spreading knowledge of Chinese culture and history in Europe, influencing the developing Enlightenment. The Jesuits also promoted phenomena of artistic hybridization in China, such as Chinese Christian cloisonné
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Chinese scholars of religion have reported that a large portion of the members of the networks of house or unregistered churches, and of their pastors, are Koreans living in China. The pastors of the independent Shouwang and Zion churches in Beijing are noted for having been prosecuted by the
2897:
Since then, persecution of Christians in China has been sporadic. During the Cultural Revolution believers were arrested and imprisoned and sometimes tortured for their faith. Bibles were destroyed, churches and homes were looted, and Christians were subjected to humiliation. Several thousand
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reported in 2018 that "Xi is waging the most severe systematic suppression of Christianity in the country since religious freedom was written into the Chinese constitution in 1982." This has involved "destroying crosses, burning bibles, shutting churches and ordering followers to sign papers
4849:
In large cities with international links such as Beijing, foreign visitors have established Christian communities which meet in public establishments such as hotels and, sometimes, local churches. These fellowships, however, are typically restricted only to holders of non-Chinese passports.
2987:
Many Christians hold meetings outside of the jurisdiction of the government-approved organizations and avoid registration with the government and are often illegal. While there has been continuous persecution of Chinese Christians throughout the twentieth century, particularly during the
1849:, and, according to Rashid al-Din encouraged denunciation of Muslims. Isa Kelemechi also showed to Khubilai the Muslim precept of "Kill the polytheists, all of them", raising the suspicion of the Mongols towards Muslims. According to Rashid al-Din, as a result "most Muslims left Khitai".
3006:
Local authorities continued to harass and detain bishops, including Guo Xijin and Cui Tai, who refused to join the state-affiliated Catholic association. Chinese authorities raided or closed down hundreds of Protestant house churches in 2019, including Rock Church in Henan Province and
1257:
Accurate data on Chinese Christians is difficult to access. There are estimates that say Christianity is the fastest growing religion in China. There were some 4 million before 1949 (3 million Catholics and 1 million Protestants). In the early 2000s, there were approximately 38 million
2618:, initially expressed admiration for the role that Christianity played in building the strong nations of the West, as well as approving the emphasis on love and social service, Christianity became identified in the eyes of many young Chinese with foreign control of China. The 1923
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clothing, and even cash to those in need. According to Caroline Reeves, a historian at Emmanuel College in Boston, that began to change with the arrival of American missionaries in the late 19th century. One of the reasons they gave for being there was to help the poor Chinese.
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2759:
2468:. The mission schools were viewed with some suspicion by the traditional Chinese teachers, but they differed from the norm by offering a basic education to poor Chinese, both boys and girls, who had no hope of learning at a school before the days of the Republic of China.
6030:
In his indictment of Sunu and other Manchu nobles who had converted to Christianity, the Yongzheng emperor reminded the rest of the Manchu elite that each people had its own way of honoring Heaven and that it was incumbent upon Manchus to observe Manchu practice in this
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and pilgrimage center. According to the Yu Tao survey of 2008, the Catholic population, though much smaller than that of the Protestants, is nevertheless younger, wealthier and better educated. The survey also found that Christianity overall has a higher proportion of
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in Glasgow, Protestant missionaries energetically promoted what they called "indigenization", that is assigning the leadership of churches to local Christian leaders. The Chinese National YMCA was the first to do so. In the 1920s, a group of church leaders formed the
5415:
Library of Universal History: Containing a Record of the Human Race from the Earliest Historical Period to the Present Time; Embracing a General Survey of the Progress of Mankind in National and Social Life, Civil Government, Religion, Literature, Science and Art
2517:
prosecution under the protection of the foreigners. The Big Swords proceeded to attack the bandits' Catholic churches and burn them. Yuxian only executed several Big Sword leaders, but did not punish anyone else. More secret societies started emerging after this.
2520:
In Pingyuan, the site of another insurrection and major religious disputes, the county magistrate noted that Chinese converts to Christianity were taking advantage of their bishop's power to file false lawsuits which, upon investigation, were found groundless.
2677:(1840–1912), representing the Southern Baptist, was the most prominent woman missionary. Although an equality-oriented feminist who rejected male dominance, the Southern Baptists have memorialized her as a southern belle who followed traditional gender roles.
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there were an estimated 204 million people with only 91 workers, while there were eleven other provinces in inland China with a population estimated at 197 million, for whom absolutely nothing had been attempted. Besides the London Missionary Society, and the
1302:. These began to proliferate during the 1950s when many Christians rejected the state-controlled bodies. Members of house churches represent diverse theological traditions, and have been described as representing a "silent majority" of Chinese Christians.
2886:. During the ten-year period the government began to crackdown and persecute all religions. This forced the Christians to be secretive and go underground to avoid getting executed by the communist government. Religions in China began to recover after the
4648:. In the 1930s there were several hundreds of Christians among this people, but because of persecution the churches were destroyed and the believers were scattered. The missionaries were forced to leave because of ethnic and factional battles during the
2189:
By the 1840s China became a major destination for Protestant missionaries from Europe and the United States. Catholic missionaries, who had been banned for a time, returned a few decades later. It is difficult to determine an exact number, but historian
3191:
revealed its on-going efforts to negotiate with authorities to regularize its activities in the country. The church has had expatriate members worshiping in China for a few decades previous to this, but with restrictions. On March 31, 2020, during its
2241:, arriving in Macau on 4 September, 1807. Morrison produced a Chinese translation of the Bible. He also compiled a Chinese dictionary for the use of Westerners. The Bible translation took 12 years and the compilation of the dictionary, 16 years.
2709:
in 1887 for the training of male doctors. Sun Yat-sen the first graduate of this college and the founder of modern China, graduated in 1892. Hong Kui Wong (黄康衢) (1876–1961) graduated in 1900 and then moved to Singapore, where he supported the
2464:, the Protestant missionary movement in China furthered the dispersion of knowledge with other printed works of history and science. As the missionaries went to work among the Chinese, they established and developed schools and introduced
3303:
2005/2006/2007: three surveys of religions in China conducted in those years by the Horizon Research Consultancy Group on a disproportionately urban and suburban sampling, found that Christians constituted between 2% and 4% of the total
2489:
in China. After the German government took over Shandong, many Chinese feared that the foreign missionaries and possibly all Christian activities were imperialist attempts at "carving the melon", i.e., to colonize China piece by piece.
4900:
The law does not define "proselytization", but the constitution states that nobody can force a citizen to believe or not believe in a religion; new laws in 2022 required anyone preaching online to apply for a permit for proselytizing.
3387:
2014: scholars at a conference for the 60th anniversary of the Three-Self Church showed that China has about 23 million to 40 million Protestants, 1.7% to 2.9% of the total population. Each year, about 500,000 people are baptized as
7773:. «Drawing on empirical data obtained from three consecutive territory-wide household surveys conducted in 2005, 2007, and 2009 respectively, this paper attempts to shed light on the current religious profile of Macao residents.»
3128:
The Christianity of Yanbian Koreans has a patriarchal character; Korean churches are usually led by men, in contrast to Chinese churches which more often have female leadership. For instance, of the 28 registered churches of
3056:
1918:
By the 16th century, there is no reliable information about any practising Christians remaining in China. Fairly soon after the establishment of the direct European maritime contact with China in 1513 and the creation of the
1974:
to begin training the missionaries in Chinese language and culture. He requested assistance from the orders' members in Goa in bringing over suitably talented linguists to staff the college and begin the mission in earnest.
7133:
2746:(1847–1914), the secretary of the Hong Kong Department of Chinese Affairs, manager of Kwong Wah Hospital for its 1911 opening, and an elder of To Tsai Church (renamed Hop Yat Church since 1926), which was founded by the
10990:
2673:, who renounced his Christianity for several decades. His journey of faith from Christianity to Taoism and Buddhism, and back to Christianity in his later life was recorded in his book From Pagan to Christian (1959).
6068:
Russians, and Europeans also have their own particular rites for honoring Heaven. I have never said that he could not honor heaven but that everyone has his way of doing it. As a Manchu, Urcen should do it like us.
2148:
Russians, and Europeans also have their own particular rites for honoring Heaven. I have never said that he could not honor heaven but that everyone has his way of doing it. As a Manchu, Urcen should do it like us.
3404:. In these provinces the Christian population is in the millions, yet small in percentage. For instance, in Zhejiang 2.8% of the population is officially Protestant as of 1999, higher than the national average. In
2257:
prohibiting those who spread Christianity among Han Chinese and Manchus. Christians who would not renounce their conversion were to be sent to Muslim cities in Xinjiang, to be given as slaves to Muslim leaders and
4583:
Yellow Hat sect led a Tibetan revolt, with Tibetan men being led by lamas against Chinese officials, western Christian missionaries and native Christian converts. Wine making vineyards were left behind by them.
3050:
The Chinese Independent Churches are a group of Christian institutions that are independent from Western denominations. They were established in China in the late 19th and early 20th century, including both the
5065:
3181:
11000:
2785:
post-war period and the eventual development of the Three-Self Church and the Catholic Patriotic Church. At the same time the intense war period hampered the rebuilding and development of the churches.
4579:
lamas, who refused to give allegiance to the Chinese. The Tibetan lamas were alarmed by Catholic missionaries converting natives to Catholicism. During the 1905 Tibetan Rebellion the Tibetan Buddhist
3105:
government, and are of Korean ethnicity. The Korean-Chinese pastors have a disproportional influence on the underground Christianity in China. Christianity has been an influential religion among the
2622:
attacked missionaries and their followers on the grounds that no religion was scientific and that the Christian church in China was a tool of the foreigners. Such Chinese Protestants as the liberals
2298:, who called himself the younger brother of Jesus Christ, but he was denounced as a heretic by mainstream Christian groups. Hong's revolt against the Qing government lead to the establishment of the
3343:, each representing different geographic and economic regions of China, found that Christians constituted approximately 4% of the population, of whom 3.54% were Protestants and 0.49% were Catholics.
2400:
wrote that Hudson Taylor was "one of the greatest missionaries of all time, and ... one of the four or five most influential foreigners who came to China in the nineteenth century for any purpose."
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Parada López de Corselas, M.; Vela-Rodrigo, A.A. Cultural Hybridization in Christian China: The Art of Cloisonné at The Service of God. Religions 2021, 12, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12121103
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urged China to be open to Christianity, and said that he hoped the Olympic Games would offer an example of coexistence among people from different countries. Unregistered Catholic clergy has faced
1577:"—an ancient Roman name for northern China. However, to date, there is little to no archaeological evidence or knowledge about the pre-Church of the East classical Chinese and/or Tocharian church.
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church's policy (most notably on abortion and artificial contraception) without consulting the Vatican and punishing outspoken dissenters. In one notable case that drew international attention,
8270:
3363:(CFPS) institute, found Christians forming 2.4% of the population of Han China, or between 30 and 40 million people in absolute numbers. Of these, 1.9% were Protestants and 0.4% were Catholics.
2066:
and Confucius were respectful but non-religious rituals compatible with Christian doctrine; other orders pointed to the beliefs of the common people of China to show that it was impermissible
7340:
2010 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait.
2274:
in 1842. Christian missionaries and their schools, under the protection of the Western powers, went on to play a major role in the westernization of China during the 19th and 20th centuries.
1603:, and his meeting with Emperor Taizong was the most influential development in Chinese Christian history yet, leading to the spread of the religion to a much greater extent than ever before.
1454:
The significant lack of evidence of Christianity's existence in China between the 3rd century and the 7th century can likely be attributed to the barriers which were placed in Persia by the
2485:
In December 1897, Wilhelm II declared his intent to seize territory in China, which triggered a "scramble for concessions" by which Britain, France, Russia and Japan also secured their own
1747:
friars from Europe initiated mission work in China. For about a century they worked in parallel with the Church of the East Christians. The Franciscan mission disappeared from 1368, as the
4958:
In June 2020, state officials oversaw the demolition of Sunzhuang Church in Henan province. Prior to the Church being demolished, one man was arrested and at least two women were injured.
2860:, could not submit to the Chinese state as their Protestant counterparts did, notwithstanding the willingness of the Vatican to compromise in order to remain on Chinese mainland—the papal
7345:
6916:
2852:
willing to submit to the direction of the Chinese state. Many Protestants were willing to accept such accommodation and were permitted to continue religious life in China under the name "
7068:
5834:
2481:
very beginning that Christianization would deprive them of their power. So intense was their hostility that few missionaries considered it worthwhile to make any effort to win them over.
3067:
True Jesus Church tend to be uncooperative towards the Three-Self Church as to their principle it represents not only a tool of the government but also a different Christian tradition.
1282:
also heavily regulates religion. Chinese people over the age of 18 are only allowed to join Christian groups that are registered with one of three state-controlled bodies, either the
7941:
7327:
2848:
venues and leadership personnel with a government office." Christian missionaries left in what was described by Phyllis Thompson of the China Inland Mission as a "reluctant exodus".
10954:
7503:
7450:
issue 2014: 卢云峰:当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS(2012)调查数据. p. 13, reporting the results of the Renmin University's Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) for the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011.
3384:
estimated over 67 million Christians in China, of which 35 million "independent" Protestants, 23 million Three-Self Protestants, 9 million Catholics and 20,000 Orthodox Christians.
9477:
5784:
10964:
7130:
2969:
are centralised and government-sanctioned Christian institutions which regulate all local Christian gatherings, all of which are required to be registered under their auspices.
2525:
protests notably in the Tianjin Massacre of 1870. Rioting sparked by false rumors of the killing of babies led to the death of a French consul and provoked a diplomatic crisis.
7501:
The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life: "Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population – Appendix C: Methodology for China"
2545:. It was built by French missionaries in the mid-19th century, but was burnt during the anti-foreigner movement in 1905 and rebuilt in the 1920s. The congregation is mainly
1939:, co-founder of the Jesuits, when he decided to start missionary work in China. However, Xavier was not able to find a way to enter the Chinese mainland and died in 1552 on
7707:
7689:
2476:
Local affairs in China were under the control of local officials and the land-owning gentry. They led the opposition to missionary work. According to historian Paul Varg:
1663:
Christianity is extinct in China; the native Christians have perished in one way or another; the church has been destroyed and there is only one Christian left in the land.
3356:
2011: a survey conducted by the Baylor's Empirical Study of Values in China (ESVC) found 2.5% (≈30 to 40 million) of the population of China self-identifying as Christian.
4472:
Christianity has been practiced in Hong Kong since 1841. As of 2022, there were about 1.3 million Christians in Hong Kong (16% of the total population), most of them are
2493:
Local gentry published hate literature against the foreign missionaries. One tract featured foreign missionaries praying to crucified pigs—the Catholic term for God was
3167:. In the mid-1990s, the Chinese government started to monitor these new religious movements, and officially prohibited them, with their activities moving underground.
11445:
9767:
9744:
9709:
9633:
7858:
4203:
4022:
3698:
4403:
Weighed proportion of Christians on the combined population of the six provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Jilin, Hebei and Fujian according to the Yu Tao—CCAP—
9772:
4040:
3680:
3188:
2508:
was in large part a reaction against Christianity in China. Missionaries were harassed and murdered, along with tens of thousands of converts. In 1895, the Manchu
4948:
and informed welfare recipients that their benefits would be stopped unless they removed all crosses and replaced any displays of Jesus with portraits of Mao and
3208:
9686:
9623:
4167:
10243:
8420:
8398:
8143:
7158:
3353:
2010: the "Chinese Spiritual Life Survey" counted 33 million Christians (≈2% of the total population), of whom 30 million Protestants and 3 million Catholics.
3212:"Merry Christmas" signs (usually only in English) are common in China during the winter holiday season, even in areas with little sign of Christian observance
2587:
Extensive fund-raising and publicity campaigns were held across the U.S. The Catholics in the United States also supported large mission operations in China.
3081:
2199:
limited areas they were at the mercy of local government officials and threats were common. They were a prime target of attack and murder by Boxers in 1900.
11480:
2429:
1585:
103:
9101:
7297:
5982:
5045:
4763:
2104:
to maintain allegiance to the papal rulings—finally being expelled after 1721. It was not until 1939 that the Catholic Church revisited its stance, with
10137:
4465:
2868:
that operates without connection to the Vatican, and the Catholics who continued to acknowledge the authority of the Pope were subject to persecution.
2738:) in Hong Kong. Wan and Sun graduated from secondary school around 1886. Doctor Wan was also the chairman of the board of a Christian newspaper called
1040:
8495:
4949:
2415:, at the time he was articulating the goal of the China Inland Mission to establish an indigenous Chinese Church that was free from foreign control.
2071:
1202:
9242:
7833:
2901:
The members of the underground Catholic Church in China, those who do not belong to the official Catholic Patriotic Church and are faithful to the
2742:(大光報) that was distributed in Hong Kong and China. Sun and Wan practiced Western Medicine together in a joint clinic. The father-in-law of Wan was
2306:. Hong attained control of significant parts of southern China, at its height, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ruled around 30 million people. Hong's
1621:
Despite inaccuracies by Tang historians regarding Christian history and doctrine, there was a significant community of scholars who translated the
1311:
990:
5237:
9165:
8444:
9076:." Includes Bibliographies (an unannotated listing); biographies of people who played a role in the history of Christianity in China, web links.
7342:
6924:
3200:
in Shanghai as a "modest multipurpose meetinghouse." When it opens it will operate by appointment only for Chinese members, excluding tourists.
7065:
11948:
11071:
5681:
2603:, who was influential at the Glasgow Conference with his call for a non-denominational church. The way was prepared for the creation of the
1923:
in 1540, at least some Chinese become involved with the Jesuit effort. As early as 1546, two Chinese boys became enrolled into the Jesuits'
248:
5780:
4759:
88:
7500:
10339:
7875:
7865:
8458:
5104:
Data for Gansu, Guangdong, Liaoning, Henan, and Shanghai is updated according to the findings of the China Family Panel Studies of 2012.
11904:
7783:
7620:
7588:
7484:
7452:
7427:
7395:
4775:
4534:
3032:
under the age of 18 from participating in religious services, and replaced images of Jesus Christ or the Virgin Mary with pictures of
2890:
of the 1970s. In 1979 the government officially restored the Three-Self Church after thirteen years of non-existence, and in 1980 the
2384:
which forced the Chinese government to admit Western missionaries into the interior of the country, the excitement caused by the 1859
11455:
9368:
5430:
Ding, Wang (2006). "Remnants of Christianity from Chinese Central Asia in Medieval ages". In Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter (eds.).
3370:
found that people self-identifying as Christians were, respectively for each year, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.1% and 2.6% of the total population.
2702:
1696:
108:
10317:
7076:. A review of "Redeemed by Fire: The Rise of Popular Christianity in Modern China", a book of Lian Xi. Yale University Press, 2010.
4575:
The Qing government permitted Christian missionaries to enter and proselytize in Tibetan lands, in order to weaken the power of the
11407:
11359:
10914:
9537:
5913:
1270:. The number of Chinese Christians had increased significantly since the easing of restrictions on religious activities during the
609:
8864:
7274:
5208:
2079:
10939:
8271:"President Bush Visited Officially Staged Church Service; House Church Pastor Hua Huiqi Arrested and Escaped from Police Custody"
7682:
7254:
3366:
Surveys on religion in China conducted in the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011 by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of the
1852:
1599:
in 635, and were allowed to establish places of worship and to propagate their faith. The leader of the Christian travellers was
8195:
7886:
6426:""The Cause of the Riots in the Yangtse Valley" (1891): Missionary Commentary on an Illustrated Anti-Christian Chinese Pamphlet"
11337:
11327:
11091:
10959:
9084:
3381:
1098:
930:
883:
658:
1802:", "extract-sinew religion". Jews and Muslims in China shared the same name for synagogue and mosque, which were both called "
11916:
8966:
8923:
8857:
8840:
8808:
8773:
8728:
8697:
8683:
8573:
8538:
7919:
7234:
7105:
7081:
6959:
6893:"Jailing Muslims, burning Bibles, and forcing monks to wave the national flag: How Xi Jinping is attacking religion in China"
6606:
6496:
6463:
6345:
6317:
6223:
6054:
6017:
5990:
5954:
5927:
5876:
5525:
5491:
5439:
5189:
5015:
1338:), which is also used by Chinese Protestants, may also refer to deities or the generative powers of nature in the context of
1195:
980:
7183:
4941:
renouncing their faith," actions taken against "so-called underground or house churches that defy government restrictions."
12041:
10664:
8245:
8220:
7849:
5367:
4684:
3141:
In China there are also a variety of Christian sects based on biblical teachings that are considered by the government as "
3118:
2344:
2050:(the first round of Catholic Church clergy to have come during this era) and other orders of missionaries, however, led to
1035:
9122:
9092:
3221:
2614:
fostered an intellectual atmosphere that promoted Science and Democracy. Although some of the movement's leaders, such as
12079:
10306:
10273:
9158:
7930:
7808:
2596:
2348:
1810:), "temple of purity and truth", the name dated to the thirteenth century. The synagogue and mosques were also known as "
995:
890:
6892:
6621:
Regina D. Sullivan, "Myth, Memory, and the Making of Lottie Moon," in Jonathan Daniel Wells, and Sheila R. Phipps, eds.
3276:
As of 2023, there are approximately 44 million Chinese Christians registered with government-approved Christian groups.
2003:
1841:. Isa Kelemechi was also instrumental in reinforcing anti-Muslim prohibitions in the Mongol realms, such as prohibiting
7897:
4962:
4758:
Foreign Christian media is handled differently than other forms of foreign media, as the China Film Administration and
3347:
3164:
2083:
2018:, establishing Christian settlements throughout the country and becoming close to the imperial court, particularly its
848:
673:
9042:
8835:, (Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 4 China), Edited by Nicolas Standaert, Brill: Leiden - Boston 2000, 964 pp.,
7221:
Klára, Dubravčíková (2023). "Religions, Traditions, and Values". In Kironska, Kristina; Turscanyi, Richard Q. (eds.).
2685:
Medical missions in China by the late 19th century laid the foundations for modern medicine in China. Western medical
2310:
and militaristic regime instituted social reforms which included the strict separation of the sexes, the abolition of
1978:
11965:
11064:
10749:
10604:
10381:
9865:
9394:
8884:
8658:
8599:
8555:
8323:
8295:
7997:
7328:
A Solo, a Duet, or an Ensemble? Analysing the Recent Development of Religious Communities in Contemporary Rural China
6842:
6707:
6266:
5723:
5070:
4829:
4633:
3142:
3063:. In the 1940s they gathered 200,000 adherents, which was 20% to 25% of the total Christian population of that time.
2718:
2360:
1717:'s descendants were Christian. Contacts with Western Christendom also began in this time period, via envoys from the
1610:
is the proper term for the Christianity that was practised in China, since it did not adhere to what was preached by
1000:
544:
123:
10263:
8611:
Harrison, Henrietta, "'A Penny for the Little Chinese': The French Holy Childhood Association in China, 1843–1951."
6374:
Jean-Guy Daigle, "Challenging the imperial order: The precarious status of local Christians in late-Qing Sichuan."
5943:
Seah, Audrey (2017), "The 1670 Chinese Missal: A Struggle for Indigenization amidst the Chinese Rites Controversy",
5683:
Courtly Encounters along the Silk Roads: Diplomats, Diplomatic Gifts and Symbolic Competitions in the Mongol Eurasia
2642:
responded by developing social programs and theologies that devoted themselves to strengthening the Chinese nation.
2452:. Most missionaries came from England, the United States, Sweden, France, Germany, Switzerland, or the Netherlands.
12209:
10995:
10631:
6517:
Henrietta Harrison, "'A Penny for the Little Chinese': The French Holy Childhood Association in China, 1843–1951."
5806:
5613:
Chinese and Japanese repository of facts and events in science, history and art, relating to Eastern Asia, Volume 1
2794:
2591:
2445:
1188:
1060:
1013:
858:
6173:
Life among the Chinese: with characteristic sketches and incidents of missionary operations and prospects in China
2914:, the auxiliary bishop of Shanghai whom both the Vatican and Chinese state agreed as the successor to the elderly
11476:
11374:
11342:
10859:
10462:
10332:
10202:
9270:
9023:
8336:
6406:
5555:
4498:
3193:
2946:
2619:
2461:
2070:
and that the common Chinese names for God confused the Creator with His creation. Acting on the complaint of the
2063:
1637:
1070:
778:
773:
513:
455:
2864:
in China did not withdraw to Taiwan like other western diplomats. Consequently, the Chinese state organized the
2139:. He warned them that the Manchus must follow only the Manchu way of worshipping Heaven since different peoples
12269:
12168:
11417:
11332:
10386:
10107:
9724:
9404:
9151:
7294:
6793:
6546:
Paul A. Varg, "Missionaries and Relations Between the United States and China in the Late Nineteenth Century,"
6121:
Paul A. Varg, "Missionaries and Relations Between the United States and China in the Late Nineteenth Century,"
5085:
5060:
4872:
4779:
4559:
3752:
3241:
3085:
1704:
11135:
6559:
Joseph P. Ryan, "American Contributions to the Catholic Missionary Effort in China in the Twentieth Century,"
4871:
Since the 1980s, U.S. officials visiting China have on multiple occasions visited Chinese churches, including
1999:
11975:
11297:
10127:
9250:
8117:
6533:
Patrick Fuliang Shan, "Triumph after Catastrophe: Church, State and Society in Post-Boxer China, 1900–1937",
4839:
4787:
4621:
4606:
4298:
Percentage of Christians (both registered and unregistered) by province according to the CFPS survey of 2012
4289:
2966:
2853:
2735:
2647:
1279:
738:
163:
10477:
8616:
6522:
6425:
2253:, in 1814, added a sixth clause with reference to Christianity, modified in 1821 and printed in 1826 by the
1691:
11980:
11057:
10909:
10874:
10829:
10599:
10507:
10376:
10097:
9719:
9487:
9469:
9459:
5080:
4748:
4538:
4477:
3806:
3052:
3045:
2238:
2232:
1995:
1971:
1924:
1507:
was erected in 781, and documents 150 years of early Christian history in China. It includes texts both in
1339:
1251:
594:
485:
430:
273:
263:
68:
5550:
2753:
12051:
11832:
11694:
10799:
10794:
10689:
10573:
9444:
9345:
9188:
6387:
Paul A. Varg, "Missionaries and relations between the United States and China in the late 19th century"
6308:
2011:
1887:
1615:
1553:
1050:
985:
935:
895:
838:
403:
398:
333:
278:
168:
98:
8606:
4513:
self-identifies as Christian, predominantly Catholic. Catholic missionaries were the first to arrive in
12161:
12123:
11610:
10919:
10894:
10809:
10789:
10739:
10709:
10699:
10578:
10435:
10325:
9643:
9419:
9308:
9298:
9208:
9203:
8900:
Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society
8785:
Handbook of Global Contemporary Christianity: Themes and Developments in Culture, Politics, and Society
7967:
7579:
7443:
7386:
5241:
5050:
4834:
4792:
4732:
4711:
4705:
4149:
3429:
3409:
3360:
3024:
2039:
1833:
Kublai Khan doubled down on anti-Muslim anti-Halal slaughter laws under pressured from Christians like
915:
808:
768:
748:
529:
490:
475:
410:
388:
363:
338:
258:
223:
208:
193:
148:
83:
9137:
7634:
China – CHN39868 – Three Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) – China Christian Council (CCC) – Shijiazhuang
7258:, publishing the results of the 2005, 2006 and 2007 surveys of the Horizon Research Consultancy Group.
12204:
12194:
12156:
11911:
11721:
11689:
11643:
11620:
11005:
10884:
10879:
10759:
10619:
10614:
10347:
10248:
10160:
9777:
9762:
9482:
9449:
9316:
8756:
Missionaries, Chinese, and Diplomats: The American Protestant Missionary Movement in China, 1890–1952
7708:"ABTRACT Explaining Christianity in China: Why a Foreign Religion has Taken Root in Unfertile Ground"
7531:
6826:
5398:
5030:
4883:
4842:
4456:
4239:
4058:
4004:
3315:
with a survey scheme led and supervised by the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy (CCAP) and the
3288:
2962:
2952:
2865:
2747:
2706:
2604:
2465:
2280:
2207:
2051:
1913:
1283:
1160:
1105:
1020:
970:
945:
743:
584:
465:
460:
378:
368:
213:
1254:
attracted small but influential followings, and independent Chinese churches were also established.
12184:
12089:
12084:
11899:
11864:
11790:
11746:
11741:
11538:
11364:
11209:
11106:
11101:
10949:
10899:
10854:
10834:
10824:
10724:
10681:
10657:
10217:
10207:
10122:
9734:
9658:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9363:
9288:
9225:
9213:
9198:
8629:
5835:"François Noël and His Latin Translations of Confucian Classical Books Published in Prague in 1711"
5020:
4728:
4593:
4221:
3932:
3860:
3824:
3770:
3256:
2956:
2934:
2773:
2397:
2299:
1895:
1524:
1328:; 'Highest Emperor'), commonly used by both Protestants and non-Christians, and "Tianzhu" (
1263:
1247:
1235:
1150:
1140:
1125:
1030:
955:
925:
900:
863:
823:
818:
793:
663:
480:
450:
435:
425:
353:
313:
288:
138:
133:
113:
78:
63:
9782:
9653:
8582:(East Bridge, 2008), scholarly biography of Daniel Crofts, minister in China Inland Mission (CIM).
8482:
7809:
Great Britain. Foreign Office, India. Foreign and Political Dept, India. Governor-General (1904).
6177:
2249:
The Qing government code included a prohibition of "Wizards, Witches, and all Superstitions". The
1481:, realized "their propriety and truth and specifically ordered their preaching and transmission."
1278:
For most of Chinese imperial history, religious practice was tightly controlled by the state. The
11869:
11603:
11508:
11397:
11347:
11204:
11121:
11096:
10924:
10839:
10819:
10704:
10694:
10625:
10532:
10440:
10301:
10283:
10132:
10117:
10043:
9648:
9638:
9628:
9618:
9585:
9580:
9255:
9232:
9037:
8365:
7810:
7131:
2012 Statistical Update on Religions and Churches in the People's Republic of China and in Taiwan
6679:
Theron Kue-Hing Young, "A conflict of professions: the medical missionary in China, 1835–1890."
5142:
5035:
5025:
4783:
4767:
4185:
4119:
4094:
4076:
3914:
3842:
3734:
3076:
2891:
2887:
2836:
2286:
During the 1840s, Western missionaries promulgated Christianity in officially designated coastal
1754:
The Chinese called Muslims, Jews, and Christians starting in the Yuan dynasty by the same name, "
1713:, as several Mongol tribes were primarily Church of the East Christian, and many of the wives of
1470:
1390:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1155:
1130:
1110:
1085:
960:
940:
853:
843:
798:
758:
718:
713:
708:
698:
688:
683:
678:
668:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
574:
534:
524:
495:
440:
298:
268:
253:
238:
228:
218:
183:
178:
128:
73:
48:
21:
7787:
7770:
7724:
7358:
7146:
5456:
5313:
2734:
secondary school classmate of Sun Yat-sen in the Government Central College (currently known as
2698:
doctors was particularly necessary, due to the reluctance of Chinese women to see male doctors.
2279:
baptized in 1816. In 1827, Liang was ordained by Morrison, thus, he became a missionary for the
1970:, the new regional manager ("Visitor") of the order, came to Macao in 1578–1579 and established
12189:
11780:
11638:
11580:
11471:
11450:
11215:
10969:
10904:
10869:
10804:
10784:
10774:
10734:
10719:
10714:
10430:
10258:
10165:
9739:
9663:
9575:
9497:
9454:
9220:
7519:
5413:
5055:
4961:
In reports of countries with the strongest anti-Christian persecution, China was ranked by the
4798:
4112:
3896:
3092:
There are a small number of adherents of Russian Orthodoxy in northern China, predominantly in
2109:
1838:
1641:
1259:
1135:
1115:
1080:
975:
965:
910:
905:
833:
813:
803:
788:
783:
763:
733:
728:
703:
693:
626:
604:
569:
564:
559:
539:
470:
348:
343:
308:
303:
243:
198:
158:
53:
41:
9058:
8421:"China tells Christians to renounce faith in Jesus & worship President Xi Jinping instead"
7989:
6697:
6594:
6486:
6256:
6044:
6007:
5868:
5854:
5706:
2947:
Official organizations—the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Church and the Chinese Protestant Church
1994:
In 1582, Jesuits once again initiated mission work inside China, introducing Western science,
1675:
dynasties (ca. 900s to 1200s), implying that some Christians remained in China in these eras.
1519:
1465:
Both events prevented Christians from staying in contact with their mother church, the Syriac
12248:
11847:
11573:
11382:
11285:
11240:
11169:
11010:
10929:
10889:
10864:
10844:
10779:
10754:
10744:
10563:
10371:
10028:
9729:
9714:
9691:
9681:
9570:
9399:
9283:
9278:
9064:
6455:
5896:
5517:
5040:
4809:
4724:
4720:
4257:
4130:
3986:
3968:
3950:
3878:
3788:
3716:
2509:
2323:
1907:
1683:
1656:
1581:
1222:
since the early medieval period, and became a significant presence in the country during the
1120:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
950:
868:
828:
753:
723:
614:
599:
589:
445:
420:
393:
383:
373:
283:
233:
188:
173:
153:
143:
118:
58:
9113:
8638:
8386:
7595:
7459:
7402:
4882:'s five officially recognized Protestant churches during a November 2005 Asia tour, and the
2937:
during Christmas 2007, Beijing. Haidian Church is operated by Three-Self Patriotic Movement.
2411:, the successor to Hudson Taylor, originally expressed the self-governing principles of the
1473:(627–649). Taizong, who had studied the Christian Scriptures which were given to him by the
12069:
12019:
12004:
11881:
11590:
11490:
11440:
11435:
11392:
11352:
11280:
10849:
10814:
10769:
10764:
10673:
10144:
9958:
9409:
9131:
4937:
4923:
4905:
4771:
4695:
4669:
4625:
3312:
3000:
2982:
2611:
2162:
1967:
1732:
Church of the East Christianity was well established in China, as is attested by the monks
1299:
1145:
1025:
920:
579:
554:
549:
415:
326:
293:
203:
93:
8144:"'The Chosen' Expands to 90 Languages: 'We Won't Stop' Until 'Jesus Comes,' Producer Says"
7725:"China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) 2012 International Religious Freedom Report"
6758:
4687:
can be found throughout China and are protected by the government as Chinese antiquities.
4501:
in Macau is one of the oldest (AD 1587) existing churches in China built by three Spanish
1982:
A map of the 200-odd Jesuit churches and missions established across China at the time of
8:
12238:
12214:
12199:
12118:
12108:
12094:
12074:
12064:
12034:
12014:
11943:
11674:
11503:
11430:
11260:
11189:
11116:
10979:
10650:
10609:
10537:
10517:
10222:
10023:
9923:
9414:
9293:
7249:
5788:
4993:
4934:, which the Chinese government has claimed interferes in the country's internal affairs.
4716:
3197:
3027:
congregants who had been arrested in December 2018, but in December 2019 a court charged
3012:
2989:
2915:
2879:
2686:
2653:
Several political leaders of the Republican period were Protestant Christians, including
2486:
2363:
were converts to Christianity and were influenced by its teachings, such as Sun Yat-sen.
2335:
viewed the Taiping as heroic revolutionaries who fought against a corrupt feudal system.
2055:
1178:
8168:
6171:
6079:
Paul A. Cohen, "Christian missions and their impact to 1900" in John King Fairbank, ed.
4683:
is an important part of expressing faith for Christians, archeological sites containing
3237:
2818:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1699:", in a 7th- or 8th-century wall painting from a Church of the East church in Tang China
1687:
Painting of Chinese Martyrs of 1307, Chapel of the Martyrs of Nepi in Katowice Panewniki
12113:
12059:
11970:
11960:
11751:
11666:
11615:
11225:
10522:
10418:
10278:
10112:
9358:
9321:
8759:
8742:
8716:
7980:
Clarke, Jeremy (August 1, 2013). "Chinese Christian art during the pre-modern period".
7827:
7271:
6848:
6783:
6333:
6303:
5715:
5461:
4887:
4743:
2996:
2978:
2882:, the expression of religious life in China was effectively banned, including even the
2754:
National and social change: the war against Japan and the Chinese Civil War (1925–1949)
2533:
2513:
2408:
1875:
1861:
1295:
1227:
7663:
7660:
5291:
1591:
The first documentation of Christianity entering China was written on the 8th-century
12150:
12029:
11935:
11859:
11758:
11731:
11650:
11598:
11548:
11307:
11275:
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11265:
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11194:
11034:
10583:
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10547:
10502:
10403:
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10212:
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9948:
9336:
9107:
8972:
8962:
8929:
8919:
8880:
8876:
8853:
8836:
8814:
8804:
8769:
8724:
8693:
8679:
8654:
8595:
8588:
8569:
8551:
8534:
8438:
7993:
7908:
7766:
7669:
7614:
7478:
7421:
7354:
7230:
7142:
7101:
7077:
6838:
6789:
6703:
6602:
6492:
6459:
6448:
6361:
George E. Paulsen, "The Szechwan Riots of 1895 and American 'Missionary Diplomacy'."
6341:
6313:
6262:
6219:
6050:
6013:
5986:
5970:
5950:
5923:
5872:
5719:
5531:
5521:
5487:
5435:
5299:
5185:
5075:
4919:
4864:; it was a homecoming for her since she had been born in China to missionary parents
4664:
in the early 1990s. Though still predominantly Buddhist and animistic, the region of
4570:
4518:
4489:
4404:
3438:
3424:
3367:
3316:
3281:
3156:
3114:
3060:
2992:, there has been increasing tolerance of unregistered churches since the late 1970s.
2911:
2906:
2883:
2777:
2711:
2412:
2404:
2393:
2291:
2132:
2125:
2100:
led to the swift collapse of all of the missions across China, with the last Jesuits—
2027:
2023:
2019:
1951:
1940:
1857:
1408:
1291:
8894:
Ming Ng, Peter Tze (2015). "Chinese Christianity: A 'Global-Local' Perspective". In
8779:
Yin, Peng (2015). "Chinese Protestantism and the Prospect of a Public Religion". In
2091:
terms of Ricci's Chinese catechism. Tournon's policies, confirmed by Clement's 1715
11894:
11736:
11711:
11290:
11250:
10542:
10512:
10413:
10408:
10253:
10192:
10068:
9517:
8954:
8950:
8911:
8907:
8872:
8796:
8792:
8644:
7985:
7331:. ECRAN – Europe-China Research and Advice Network. University of Nottingham, 2012.
7141:. Religions & Christianity in Today's China, Vol. III, 2013, No. 3, pp. 18–43,
6897:
6830:
5482:
Hofrichter, Peter L. (2006). "Preface". In Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter (eds.).
4913:
4890:
4861:
4701:
4576:
4522:
3028:
2381:
2254:
2191:
2087:
2047:
2035:
2031:
1983:
1955:
1932:
1920:
1866:
1733:
1630:
1508:
1343:
1317:
1223:
10268:
9492:
7741:
7565:
Constructing China's Jerusalem: Christians, Power and Place in the City of Wenzhou
7353:. Religions & Christianity in Today's China, Vol. II, 2012, No. 3, pp. 29–54,
12103:
12009:
11800:
11498:
10227:
10197:
10185:
9993:
9973:
9878:
9522:
9512:
9126:
9120:
Preservation for the Documentation of Chinese Christianity 香港浸會大學圖書館 華人基督宗教文獻保存計劃
9096:
9090:
Preservation for the Documentation of Chinese Christianity 香港浸會大學圖書館 華人基督宗教文獻保存計劃
8895:
8849:
8780:
8648:
8623:
The gospel of gentility: American women missionaries in turn-of-the-century China
8545:
7693:
7507:
7349:
7301:
7278:
7137:
7072:
6852:
6626:
5944:
5917:
5858:
5657:
5634:
5611:
5179:
4691:
4649:
4502:
3008:
2658:
2643:
2623:
2505:
2437:
2385:
2271:
2250:
2075:
1512:
1474:
8224:
8091:
8065:
8039:
8013:
5860:
The History of the Relations between the Low Countries and China in the Qing Era
5743:
1790:) is presently used almost exclusively for Muslims, but Jews were still called "
12099:
11999:
11795:
11684:
11630:
11563:
11543:
11302:
11143:
10447:
9532:
9439:
9434:
9424:
9353:
9119:
9089:
9010:
8526:
6655:
6576:
5381:
Light from the East: A Symposium on the Oriental Orthodox and Assyrian Churches
5175:
5126:
4875:
4865:
4641:
3741:
2666:
2546:
2314:, land socialization, the suppression of private trade, and the replacement of
2140:
2059:
1936:
1928:
1871:
1649:
1592:
1504:
8915:
8800:
8676:
Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival, and Revival
8361:
7633:
7211:. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 2003, vol. 27, no 1, p. 6-10.
6094:
Christianity in a Revolutionary Age: volume 3: the 19th century outside Europe
5892:
5393:
12263:
12024:
11955:
11805:
11513:
11153:
11148:
11028:
10527:
10180:
9943:
9908:
9673:
9610:
9502:
9053:
9001:
8976:
8933:
8818:
7965:
p.167; For more on the Swedish mission in Xinjiang see John Hultvall (1981),
6699:'Heal the Sick' was Their Motto: The Protestant Medical Missionaries in China
5535:
5213:
4909:
4680:
4661:
4610:
3106:
2639:
2538:
2389:
2136:
2105:
1879:
1834:
1737:
1710:
1626:
1622:
1618:", a term which encompasses the various forms of early Christianity in Asia.
7343:
People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011
7272:
China Survey Reveals Fewer Christians than Some Evangelicals Want to Believe
6639:
Heal the Sick" was Their Motto: The Protestant Medical Missionaries in China
6046:
The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China
6009:
The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China
5767:
4808:
are widely available in China, and are oftentimes even dubbed into Chinese.
3350:(CASS) counted 23 million Protestants (independent and registered) in China.
3251:
2460:
In addition to the publication and distribution of Christian literature and
2202:
11837:
11785:
11716:
11706:
11387:
11319:
11184:
11080:
10393:
10038:
9978:
9918:
9893:
9883:
9845:
9837:
9827:
9809:
9527:
9429:
9326:
9193:
8566:
Christianity in Chinese Public Life: Religion, Society, and the Rule of Law
8496:"Christmas in China brings glittering decor and foreign influence concerns"
6666:
Kaiyi Chen, "Missionaries and the early development of nursing in China."
5739:
5066:
List of Protestant theological seminaries in the People's Republic of China
5007:
4973:
4857:
4804:
4737:
4598:
3795:
3160:
3016:
2930:
2769:
2722:
2662:
2600:
2554:
2550:
2347:, and provided training for nurses. Both Catholics and Protestants founded
2315:
2311:
2295:
2287:
2222:
printed by the China Inland Mission, With a strong fundamentalist approach.
2219:
2121:
2007:
1958:'s Macao Peninsula, Jesuits established a base nearby on Green Island (now
1891:
1846:
1748:
1722:
1714:
1672:
1668:
1607:
1540:
1243:
1231:
1215:
9057:
8958:
8671:. Christian Study Centre on Chinese Religion and Culture, Hong Kong, 1971.
8303:
5511:
1421:). Christians in China are referred to as 'Christ followers' (
1332:; 'Lord of Heaven'), commonly used by Catholics. The word "Shen" (
12139:
11889:
11852:
11701:
11553:
11528:
11425:
11038:
10063:
10053:
10033:
9988:
9963:
9938:
9933:
9898:
9754:
9701:
9507:
9378:
9140:
Special Collections & Archives, Hong Kong Baptist University Library.
9134:
Special Collections & Archives, Hong Kong Baptist University Library.
9116:
Special Collections & Archives, Hong Kong Baptist University Library.
9110:
Special Collections & Archives, Hong Kong Baptist University Library.
9104:
Special Collections & Archives, Hong Kong Baptist University Library.
9074:
The Ricci 21st Century Roundtable on the History of Christianity in China
7536:
6049:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 241.
6012:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 240.
5513:
Day of Empire: How Hyperpowers Rise to Global Dominance–and Why They Fall
5114:
4969:
4894:
4526:
3443:
3110:
2835:
The People's Republic of China (PRC) was declared October 1, 1949 by the
2743:
2674:
2654:
2631:
2558:
2449:
2328:
9143:
8988:
8943:
Chinese Christianity: An Interplay between Global and Local Perspectives
8703:
Soong, Irma Tam (1997). "Sun Yat-sen's Christian Schooling in Hawai'i".
6684:
6564:
6081:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 10, Late Ch'ing 1800–1911, Part 1
5949:, Studies in Christian Mission, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill, p. 115,
5812:
1766:
who abstain from animals without the cloven foot", Muslims were called "
1294:. However, many Chinese Christians are members of informal networks and
11987:
11726:
11523:
11179:
11111:
10642:
10452:
10170:
10083:
10078:
10058:
10048:
10018:
9968:
9913:
9903:
9888:
9873:
9855:
9822:
9817:
9562:
9073:
8983:
Mungello, D. E. “Reinterpreting the History Of Christianity in China.”
4952:
4912:
Christian protesters were deported from China after a demonstration at
4854:
4813:
4668:
was first visited in 1877 by Protestant missionary Edward Fishe of the
4640:, and later built mission stations, churches, hospitals and schools in
4473:
3263:
3033:
3020:
2872:
2844:
2840:
2670:
2635:
2615:
2570:
2566:
2332:
2101:
2092:
2015:
1963:
1744:
1667:
Karel Pieters noted that some Christian gravestones are dated from the
1466:
7636:, Country Advice China, Refugee Review Tribunal, Australian Government
6834:
6599:
Salt and Light, Volume 3: More Lives of Faith That Shaped Modern China
5708:
Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange p.125
4293:
Mapping of Christianity in China by province according to the surveys.
2294:(1850–1864) originated in the influence of missionaries on its leader
1652:
be banned, and their very considerable assets forfeited to the state.
1469:
Church, thereby halting the spread of Christianity until the reign of
12144:
11992:
11827:
11817:
11810:
11768:
11763:
11558:
11518:
10497:
10482:
10013:
9928:
7226:
5122:
4228:
4047:
3993:
2762:
2562:
2441:
2371:
2307:
2128:
was introduced in 1715 and Protestants began entering China in 1807.
2054:
over Chinese customs and names for God. The Jesuits, the secularized
1944:
1726:
1611:
1459:
1455:
29:
7776:
6823:
Fighting on the Cultural Front: U.S.-China Relations in the Cold War
6741:
6136:
Crusaders against opium: Protestant missionaries in China, 1874–1917
4812:
and interactive media are also accessible in Chinese, including the
3311:
2008: a survey of religions conducted in that year by Yu Tao of the
1531:
11533:
11402:
10073:
9953:
9850:
8387:
U.S. State Department "International Religious Freedom Report 2008"
5507:
5146:
4931:
4766:
instead relegates the task of releasing and translation of foreign
4752:
4645:
4629:
4602:
4210:
3921:
3849:
3813:
3759:
3401:
3229:, converted to an upscale pastry shop with a Christian-themed decor
2902:
2857:
2627:
2599:
to coordinate interdenominational activity. Among the leaders were
2433:
2319:
2275:
2214:
2166:
2067:
1645:
1596:
1559:
1536:
1491:
1369:
Chinese terms for Christian denominations include "Protestantism" (
1342:. In addition, Christians have historically adopted terms from the
4972:
stated that Christian groups must "adhere to the direction of the
4494:
3109:
since the 19th century, and it has become the largest religion in
1830:
Mohammedanism, sapped the foundations of their ancient churches."
12233:
11842:
11822:
11679:
11568:
10487:
9983:
9260:
8531:
Christianity in China: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present
8500:
8459:"China: 200 communist officials demolish church, beat Christians"
7942:"Tasting China's new, $ 250-a-bottle luxury wine, backed by LVMH"
7866:"Tasting China's New, $ 250-a-Bottle Luxury Wine, Backed by LVMH"
7567:. Stanford, Stanford University Press, 2010, 232 pp., Chapter One
6623:
Entering the fray: gender, politics, and culture in the New South
5805:
Von Collani, Claudia (2009), "Biography of Charles Maigrot MEP",
5138:
5134:
4987:
4927:
4879:
4665:
4637:
4530:
4192:
4174:
4138:
4083:
4065:
4011:
3903:
3831:
3687:
3669:
3419:
has a concentration of Catholics and is also home to the town of
3405:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3245:
3176:
2303:
2270:
The pace of missionary activity increased considerably after the
2178:
1321:
1173:
9102:
Documentation of Christianity in Hong Kong Database (香港基督教文獻數據庫)
6450:
History in three keys: the boxers as event, experience, and myth
6216:
China's Millions: The China Inland Mission and Late Qing Society
5785:
Eastern Orthodox Metropolitanate of Hong Kong and Southeast Asia
2380:
in all parts of China. This transformation can be traced to the
1595:. The stele records that Christians reached the Tang capital of
1499:
11049:
10398:
9373:
8946:
8903:
8788:
7649:. International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 1/1/2003, p. 1
7029:
7027:
7007:
5118:
4945:
4614:
4101:
4029:
3885:
3723:
3420:
3340:
3175:
As of 2012 in China Catholicism has 6,300 churches, 116 active
3093:
2861:
2781:
2542:
2528:
2174:
1883:
1798:) which means "Blue-cap Hui zi". At Kaifeng, Jews were called "
1718:
1600:
1574:
1478:
1239:
8550:. Chichester, West Sussex ; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
8399:"Group: Officials destroying crosses, burning bibles in China"
7681:
China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2009. Results reported in:
6914:
4944:
In April 2020, Chinese authorities visited Christian homes in
4660:
Rapid church growth is reported to have taken place among the
2856:". Catholics, on the other hand, with their allegiance to the
1250:
during the 16th century. Beginning in the early 19th century,
11775:
11235:
11174:
11131:
10350:
10003:
9079:
8848:. (Handbook of Oriental Studies: Section 4 China), Edited by
8846:
Handbook of Christianity in China. Volume Two: 1800 – present
8223:. Baptist History and Heritage. June 22, 2006. Archived from
7295:
New China survey reveals fewer Christians than most estimates
5345:
Chicago: The University of Chicago Press (2011), pp. 380–387.
5130:
4580:
4542:
4514:
4510:
4246:
4156:
3975:
3957:
3939:
3867:
3777:
3705:
3416:
3397:
3393:
3336:
3332:
3226:
3130:
3122:
2375:
Hudson Taylor (1832–1905), leader of the China Inland Mission
2353:
2182:
2170:
1959:
1842:
1219:
7024:
4762:
sees it as a distinctive expression of Christian faith. The
2758:
2014:
wrote Chinese catechisms and made influential converts like
9114:
Christianity in Contemporary China Clippings 當代中國基督教發展剪報數據庫
8739:
A star in the East : the rise of Christianity in China
8196:"YouVersion.com: Now in Simplified and Traditional Chinese"
7815:. Printed for H. M. Stationery Off., by Darling. p. 17
7759:
Religious beliefs and life experiences of Macao's residents
7184:"Prophet Announces Eight New Temples at General Conference"
6967:
United States Commission on International Religious Freedom
2259:
1935:. Antonio, one of these two Christian Chinese, accompanied
1238:
was one of the religions patronized by the emperors of the
8902:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 10.
8787:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 10.
8246:"Bush Attends Beijing Church, Promoting Religious Freedom"
7982:
The Virgin Mary and Catholic Identities in Chinese History
6723:
6394:
5946:
China's Christianity: From Missionary to Indigenous Church
5484:
Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and Central Asia
5432:
Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and Central Asia
4823:
3319:, analysing the rural populations of the six provinces of
2925:
2283:
and the first Chinese Protestant minister and evangelist.
2157:
1316:
There are various names used for the Abrahamic God in the
10492:
7920:"China now boasts more wine-making vineyards than France"
7812:
East India (Tibet): Papers relating to Tibet , Issues 2–4
7765:
by Center for Modern China, 2010, v. 17 n. 4, p. 91-126.
7255:
Religion in China on the Eve of the 2008 Beijing Olympics
5561:
2941:
2512:, a magistrate in the province, acquired the help of the
1586:
smuggled silkworm eggs from China to the Byzantine Empire
7550:
7548:
7546:
3189:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in China
3117:
in 1945. Christianity also has a strong presence in the
3023:
under house arrest. The government released some of the
2124:(1644–1911) as a result of contact with foreign powers.
9072:
Ricci Institute for Chinese-Western Cultural History, "
8833:
Handbook of Christianity in China, Volume One: 635-1800
8419:
PM, Nate Flannagan 19 July 2020 | 7:46 (19 July 2020).
8118:"Superbook Premieres in Mandarin Chinese < Outreach"
6987:
6985:
6945:
6943:
6759:
http://www.cnac.org/rebeccachan_piloted_to_serve_01.pdf
2356:
trade and brought treatment to many who were addicted.
2120:
Further waves of missionaries came to China during the
1580:
Two (possibly Church of the East) monks were preaching
7973:
6917:"Hong Kong Christians Draw New Scrutiny From Mainland"
6601:. Eugene, OR: Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 164.
5975:
The Chinese Rites Controversy: Its History and Meaning
5867:, Vol. XIV, Leuven: Leuven University Press, pp.
5855:"François Noël, SJ, and the Chinese Rites Controversy"
1818:). A tablet indicated that Judaism was once known as "
7887:"Moët Hennessy set to debut first luxury Yunnan wine"
7586:
issue 2014: 卢云峰:当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS(2012)调查数据. p. 17.
7543:
7159:"Church in Talks to "Regularize" Activities in China"
6258:
Guns and Gospels: Imperialism and Evangelism in China
6103:
5748:
Tiānzhŭ Shíyì, The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven
5358:
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1993), p. 178.
5264:
5262:
5260:
5258:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7376:
7124:
7122:
7120:
7118:
7116:
7114:
6982:
6940:
6243:. Hawai'i: The Hawaiian Journal of History, vol. 13.
6169:
6096:(1961) pp 431–445. For more details see Latourette,
5481:
4983:
4715:. The Bible is translated into Chinese, such as the
2430:
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
2135:
was firmly against Christian converts among his own
1379:; 'New Christian religion'), "Catholicism" (
7439:
7437:
7098:
Religion in Schools: Controversies Around the World
6915:Javier C. Hernández; Crystal Tse (27 August 2015).
6763:
6595:"Lin Yutang: Astride the Cultures of East and West"
6488:
The origins of the Boxer War: a multinational study
6261:. James Clarke & Company Limited. p. 100.
5046:
Historical Bibliography of the China Inland Mission
4790:denominations. Christian television series such as
4764:
Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party
2366:
2237:140 years of Protestant missionary work began with
8587:
7848:
6583:(Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012)., pp. 110–111.
6447:
6415:, Ch 3 "Imperialism for Christ's Sake", pp. 68–95.
5922:, San Francisco: Ignatius Press, pp. 256–62,
5781:"How the Christian Denominations Came to in China"
5411:
5255:
1822:" (Israelitish religion) and synagogues known as "
8580:Upstream Odyssey: An American in China, 1895–1944
7850:"Yunnan Province, China's spectacular Shangri-La"
7784:"The entry "Macau history" in Macau Encyclopedia"
7647:Counting Christians in China: a cautionary report
7373:
7209:Counting Christians in China: A Cautionary Report
7111:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6298:
6296:
6209:
6207:
6146:
6144:
4509:As of 2010 approximately 5% of the population of
3392:Protestants concentrate mainly in three regions:
3284:had a membership of 20 million people as of 2012.
2497:(Heavenly Lord), in which the Chinese character "
1826:" (Israelitish temple), but it faded out of use.
1230:appeared in China in the 7th century, during the
12261:
8362:"U.S. Demonstrators Taken From Tiananmen Square"
8337:"Beijing police stop protest by U.S. Christians"
7434:
6586:
5662:. Printed for the proprietors. 1844. p. 474
5639:. Printed for the proprietors. 1844. p. 475
5402:. Vol. 3. New York: The Encyclopedia Press, Inc.
3291:had a membership of 6 million people as of 2012.
3170:
2776:which countered a Japanese invasion, and by the
1312:Chinese names for the God of Abrahamic religions
9080:Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity
8650:How Christianity Came to China: A Brief History
8213:
8084:
7952:
7913:Sommelier India – India's Premier Wine Magazine
7672:Online, 6th January 2015. Retrieved 11-08-2015.
7575:
7573:
7532:China plans establishment of Christian theology
5689:(DOCTORAL DISSERTATION thesis). pp. 150–2.
5184:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 7–15, 18–21.
3346:2008–2009: a household survey conducted by the
3039:
2728:
8945:. Religion in Chinese Societies. Vol. 4.
8519:
7984:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 15–48.
7931:"Moët Hennessy to debut Yunnan wine this fall"
7898:"Moët's Chinese wine 'a logistical nightmare'"
7786:(in Chinese). Macau Foundation. Archived from
7393:issue 2014: 卢云峰:当代中国宗教状况报告——基于CFPS(2012)调查数据.
6859:
6293:
6204:
6141:
4533:was the first mainland Chinese convert of the
3180:Three-Self churches and meeting places and 21
2108:permitting some forms of Chinese customs. The
1431:) or 'Christ religion followers' (
1246:, but it did not take root in China until its
11949:Architecture of cathedrals and great churches
11648:
11065:
10658:
10333:
9159:
8006:
7652:
7513:
7321:
7319:
7317:
7315:
7313:
6999:
6997:
6597:. In Carol Lee Hamrin; Stacey Bieler (eds.).
5704:
5209:"Protestant Christianity is booming in China"
3225:The interior of a former Methodist church in
3203:
3196:, the church announced its intent to build a
1573:, that Christianity had reached the land of "
1333:
1196:
8869:Oxford Bibliographies Online Chinese Studies
8826:
8187:
7832:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7570:
7289:
7287:
7201:
6910:
6908:
6441:
6439:
6241:Sun Yat-sen's Christian Schooling in Hawai'i
5907:
5905:
5899:, Vol. 15, New York: The Encyclopedia Press.
4760:National Radio and Television Administration
4628:opened the first mission station for CIM in
2529:Popularity and indigenous growth (1900–1925)
8690:Chinese Religions in Contemporary Societies
8443:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
8135:
8058:
7496:
7494:
6312:. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 206.
5911:
5804:
5800:
5798:
3640:
2999:and Protestant groups are usually known as
2750:in 1888 and was the church of Sun Yat-sen.
2095:
1901:
1837:who served in Kublai's court, according to
1525:9th-century silk painting depicting a saint
11072:
11058:
10665:
10651:
10340:
10326:
9166:
9152:
9132:China Through the Eyes of CIM Missionaries
8653:. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press.
8628:
8379:
8296:"Bush visits controversial Beijing church"
8032:
7751:
7747:. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
7310:
7266:
7264:
6994:
5551:"A Brief History of Christianity In China"
5429:
4965:organisation in 2023 as 16th most severe.
4776:State Administration for Religious Affairs
4694:produced in China. The Christian magazine
4445:
3070:
2638:, and the theologically more conservative
2432:, there were missionaries affiliated with
2265:
1770:who abstain from pork", Jews were called "
1709:Christianity was a major influence in the
1389:; 'Heavenly Lord religion'), and "
1203:
1189:
9369:Murals from the Christian temple at Qocho
9173:
9108:Christianity Rare Books Database 基督教古籍數據庫
8852:, Brill: Leiden – Boston 2010, 1050 pp.,
8334:
7958:
7884:
7675:
7334:
7284:
7092:
7090:
6905:
6874:
6702:. Chinese University Press. p. 112.
6537:, (Fall 2009, Vol. 16, No. 2), pp. 33–50.
6436:
6165:
6163:
6150:
5902:
5778:
5598:Early Christian Remains of Inner Mongolia
5405:
5326:
3650:Christian population by province in 2009
2843:, while the Republic of China led by the
2703:Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese
2626:, head of the Chinese National YMCA, and
2152:
2115:
1751:set out to eject all foreign influences.
1614:. They instead prefer to refer to it as "
10672:
9138:Library Holdings on China Inland Mission
8634:A History of Christian Missions in China
8585:
8564:Carpenter, Joel, and Kevin R. den Dulk.
8483:Open Doors website, retrieved 2023-08-08
8161:
8110:
7906:
7491:
7066:How Dangerous are Chinese House Churches
7059:
7057:
6781:
6412:
6400:
6098:A History of Christian Missions in China
5969:
5811:, Würzburg: Stochastikon, archived from
5795:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5373:
5341:Goossaert, Vincent and David A. Palmer.
5289:
4833:
4751:is available on streaming services like
4617:and very few are known to be Christian.
4493:
4460:
4288:
3457:Christianity by the years, CGSS surveys
3262:
3250:
3236:
3220:
3207:
3080:
2972:
2929:
2757:
2532:
2370:
2338:
2213:
2201:
2156:
1977:
1851:
1690:
1682:
1530:
1518:
1498:
1494:of Sicca, "Against the Heathen, Book II"
9052:
9008:(Third ed.). London: James Nisbet.
8940:
8893:
8862:
8643:
8359:
8317:
7990:10.5790/hongkong/9789888139996.003.0001
7895:
7261:
6581:A New History of Christianity in China.
6391:(July 1956), pp. 115–58, quoting p 155.
6109:
6042:
6005:
5343:The Religious Question in Modern China.
5292:"Merry Christmas, 100 million Chinese!"
5086:Human rights in China#Religious freedom
4824:Restrictions and international interest
4229:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
3382:Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life
2926:Contemporary People's Republic of China
2607:, a unified non-denominational church.
2388:in Britain. A major role was played by
1346:as references to God, such as 'Ruler' (
12262:
9000:
8715:
8547:A New History of Christianity in China
8414:
8412:
8193:
7979:
7968:Mission and Revolution in Central Asia
7928:
7846:
7619:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7483:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7426:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
7087:
6816:
6814:
6812:
6625:(U of Missouri Press; 2009) pp 11–41.
6454:. Columbia University Press. pp.
6376:European Journal of East Asian Studies
6332:
6302:
6213:
6160:
5832:
5783:. In a June 1998 issue of The Censer.
5595:
5276:
5274:
5181:A New History of Christianity in China
4466:Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
3099:
2942:Subdivision of the Christian community
2396:) arrived in China in 1854. Historian
2226:
1606:Some modern scholars question whether
1458:and the closure of the trade route in
11053:
10646:
10321:
9147:
8702:
8544:———— (2012).
8141:
7939:
7907:Robinson, Jancis (February 8, 2016).
7863:
7664:Merry Christmas, 100 million Chinese!
7281:ASSIST News Service, October 1, 2007.
7252:'s Religion and Public Life Project:
7223:Contemporary China: a New Superpower?
7220:
7178:
7176:
7054:
6742:"CNAC Flight Stewardess Rebecca Chan"
6484:
6445:
6238:
6138:(University Press of Kentucky, 2015).
5738:
5693:
5454:
5016:Bibliography of Christianity in China
4838:U.S. President George W. Bush at the
4548:
3548:Christianity by age group, CFPS 2012
3449:criticising such type of journalism.
3447:Merry Christmas, 100 million Chinese!
2995:Catholic groups are usually known as
2694:half the world's missionary doctors.
2646:, a graduate of Yale University, led
2302:, and its capital was established at
2290:that were open to foreign trade. The
2088:summary and automatic excommunication
1988:Confucius, Philosopher of the Chinese
1449:
8543:
7885:Steinberg, Jordan (April 22, 2016).
7214:
7009:Uncovering China's Korean Christians
6769:
6695:
6592:
6254:
6218:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans.
5942:
5914:Couve de Murville, Maurice Noël Léon
5852:
5679:
5548:
5506:
5486:. Steyler Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH.
5434:. Steyler Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH.
5368:Encyclopedia of Ancient Christianity
5356:Protestantism in Contemporary China.
5203:
5201:
5174:
4860:visited China in 1988 with his wife
4685:early Christian art and architecture
4636:started missions in the area around
3432:believers than the other religions.
3119:Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture
2798:
2780:which resulted in the separation of
10307:National Christian Council of China
8778:
8766:Christian Values in Communist China
8533:. Stanford University Press, 1999.
8493:
8409:
8194:Storch, Terry (December 28, 2010).
7151:
6809:
6681:Bulletin of the History of Medicine
6418:
5919:Christians in China: AD 600 to 2000
5331:. London: Paternoster. p. 165.
5271:
4529:to conquer it in the 17th century.
4247:Macau Special Administrative Region
2680:
2597:National Christian Council of China
13:
8994:
8418:
8142:Foust, Michael (August 20, 2021).
7929:Scally, Patrick (April 30, 2015).
7522:, August, 5th 2014, People's Daily
7173:
6890:
6820:
5893:Charles-Thomas Maillard de Tournon
4926:, in large part due to its avowed
3348:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
3136:
2418:
2084:Charles-Thomas Maillard De Tournon
1678:
28:
14:
12281:
10605:Heterodox teachings (Chinese law)
9017:
9006:China's Spiritual Need and Claims
8590:The Origins of the Boxer Uprising
7917:
7896:Schmitt, Patrick (June 2, 2016).
7582:'s survey of 2012. Published on:
7446:'s survey of 2012. Published on:
7389:'s survey of 2012. Published on:
6641:(Chinese University Press, 1990).
6491:. Psychology Press. p. 114.
6176:. Carlton & Porter. pp.
5912:Charbonnier, Jean-Pierre (2007),
5659:The Chinese repository, Volume 13
5636:The Chinese repository, Volume 13
5580:
5354:Hunter, Alan and Kim-Kwong Chan.
5198:
5071:Heterodox teachings (Chinese law)
4830:Anti-Christian sentiment in China
4634:Mission Covenant Church of Sweden
4609:. The dominant ethnic group, the
4553:
4211:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
3267:A house church in Shunyi, Beijing
3216:
3182:Three-Self theological seminaries
2719:Hackett Medical College for Women
1320:, the most prevalent of them is "
12244:
12243:
12232:
11360:State church of the Roman Empire
11079:
11033:
11024:
11023:
10632:Huichang Persecution of Buddhism
10461:
10349:
8487:
8476:
8451:
8391:
8353:
8328:
8288:
8263:
8238:
7861:from the original on 2022-01-12.
7840:
7802:
7734:
7717:
7705:
7699:
7685:Explaining Christianity in China
7639:
7627:
7557:
7525:
7364:
7243:
7188:newsroom.churchofjesuschrist.org
7161:(Press release). August 30, 2010
7051:Carpenter, Dulk. 2014. pp. 36–37
7021:Carpenter, Dulk. 2014. pp. 29–31
6891:Ma, Alexandra (August 3, 2019).
5981:Monograph Series, vol. 33,
5107:
5098:
5000:
4986:
4675:
4535:19th-century Protestant missions
4012:Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
3742:Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
3359:2012: a survey conducted by the
2803:
2795:Antireligious campaigns in China
2705:was founded in Hong Kong by the
2592:1910 World Missionary Conference
2466:medical techniques from the West
2455:
2367:Expanding beyond the port cities
2112:later confirmed the new policy.
1172:
991:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
104:Democratic Republic of the Congo
11343:First seven ecumenical councils
8987:55#2 (2012), Pp. 533–552.
8705:The Hawaiian Journal of History
8494:Woo, Ryan (December 25, 2023).
8368:from the original on 2021-11-14
7045:
7036:
7015:
6973:
6952:
6931:
6884:
6775:
6752:
6734:
6716:
6689:
6673:
6660:
6650:Henry Otis Dwight et al. eds.,
6644:
6631:
6615:
6570:
6553:
6540:
6527:
6511:
6478:
6381:
6368:
6355:
6326:
6284:
6275:
6248:
6232:
6191:
6128:
6115:
6086:
6073:
6036:
5999:
5963:
5936:
5885:
5846:
5826:
5772:
5761:
5732:
5673:
5650:
5627:
5604:
5589:
5574:
5542:
5500:
5475:
5448:
5423:
5386:
5361:
5348:
5335:
4906:2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing
2244:
2078:finally ended the dispute with
2064:Chinese veneration of ancestors
1638:Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution
1584:in the 6th century before they
1547:
12210:Relations with other religions
11616:Church of the East (Nestorian)
11611:Oriental Orthodox (Miaphysite)
10991:British Indian Ocean Territory
10387:Chinese salvationist religions
10108:Catholic Patriotic Association
9725:Christianity in Inner Mongolia
9085:Timeline of Orthodoxy in China
8877:10.1093/obo/9780199920082-0104
8723:. W. W. Norton & Company.
7940:McCoy, Elin (April 28, 2016).
7864:McCoy, Elin (April 19, 2016).
7325:Yu Tao, University of Oxford.
6340:. W. W. Norton & Company.
5392:Cordier, Henri (1908-10-01). "
5383:. Toronto, Canada. pp. 108–109
5320:
5306:
5290:Ferguson, David (2015-01-06).
5283:
5230:
5221:
5168:
5061:Timeline of Christian missions
4780:Catholic Patriotic Association
4601:is a minority religion in the
4560:Christianity in Inner Mongolia
3151:
3146:
2772:, China was devastated by the
1705:Christianity among the Mongols
1655:In 986 a monk reported to the
1437:
1427:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1385:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1305:
1:
10128:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
8678:. Bloomsbury Academic, 2011.
8335:Blanchard, Ben (2008-08-07).
8175:(in Chinese). August 23, 2013
6170:Robert Samuel Maclay (1861).
5455:Olsen, Ted (7 October 2002).
5156:
4897:services in Beijing in 2005.
4788:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
4700:has a large reach, as do the
4193:Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region
3171:Religious venues and practice
2967:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
2878:From 1966 to 1976 during the
2854:Three-Self Patriotic Movement
2788:
2471:
2359:Several early leaders of the
2030:. Ricci and others including
1636:In 845, at the height of the
1633:, and understood them fully.
1563:
1411:as a whole is referred to as
1248:reintroduction by the Jesuits
10600:Freedom of religion in China
9720:Christianity in Heilongjiang
9043:Resources in other libraries
8751:(Singapore: OMF Books, 1979)
8586:Esherick, Joseph W. (1987).
8360:Carlson, Mark (2008-08-07).
8302:. 2008-08-10. Archived from
7847:Grover, Amar (8 July 2016).
7584:The World Religious Cultures
7448:The World Religious Cultures
7391:The World Religious Cultures
7063:Dr. G. Wright Doyle (2010).
7042:Carpenter, Dulk. 2014. p. 37
7033:Carpenter, Dulk. 2014. p. 33
6785:China – The Reluctant Exodus
6652:The Encyclopedia of Missions
5841:, vol. 6, pp. 45–8
5240:. 2018-04-03. Archived from
5161:
5113:Data for all provinces with
5081:Freedom of religion in China
4749:Contemporary Christian music
4450:
3629:
3626:
3623:
3620:
3617:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3587:
3584:
3581:
3578:
3575:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3374:
3046:Chinese Independent Churches
3040:Chinese Independent Churches
2729:Indigenous Christian leaders
2233:Protestant missions in China
2062:himself maintained that the
1571:Against the Heathen: Book II
1340:Chinese traditional religion
1252:Protestant missions in China
7:
11917:Views on poverty and wealth
10249:Anti-sex-selective abortion
9189:Timeline of Chinese history
9059:"The Church in China"
8941:Ming Ng, Peter Tze (2012).
8721:The Search for modern China
8520:Sources and further reading
7959:Johnstone, Patrick (2001).
7692:September 25, 2015, at the
6875:Johnstone, Patrick (2001).
6338:The Search for modern China
6309:The Search for modern China
6151:Johnstone, Patrick (2001).
5457:"Did Apostles Go to China?"
5412:Israel Smith Clare (1899).
5327:Johnstone, Patrick (2001).
5238:"《中國保障宗教信仰自由的政策和實踐》白皮書(全文)"
4979:
4632:. But already in 1892, the
4587:
2648:a program of village reform
2012:Johann Adam Schall von Bell
1954:establishing an enclave on
1888:Johann Adam Schall von Bell
1762:). Christians were called "
1554:Church of the East in China
1266:, with a smaller number of
10:
12286:
12162:World Evangelical Alliance
12124:Traditionalist Catholicism
10274:Chinese Christian Colleges
9395:Franciscan missions (Yuan)
9209:Catholic Church in Shaanxi
9204:Catholic Church in Sichuan
8613:American Historical Review
7580:China Family Panel Studies
7444:China Family Panel Studies
7387:China Family Panel Studies
6782:Thompson, Phyllis (1979).
6561:Catholic Historical Review
6535:Peace and Conflict Studies
6519:American Historical Review
6432:, Cambridge, MA: MIT, 2014
5549:Fang, Serene (June 2008).
5516:(1st ed.). New York:
5051:Holy Cross Church, Wanzhou
4827:
4712:Nanjing Theological Review
4706:Chinese Theological Review
4655:
4607:People's Republic of China
4591:
4568:
4557:
4487:
4454:
3410:China Family Panel Studies
3361:China Family Panel Studies
3204:Demographics and geography
3165:those claiming to be Jesus
3155:) or cults, including the
3074:
3043:
3025:Early Rain Covenant Church
2976:
2950:
2792:
2669:. Leading writers include
2549:, but some members are of
2230:
2052:a long-running controversy
1911:
1905:
1774:who extract the sinews". "
1702:
1551:
1444:
1309:
1280:People's Republic of China
12227:
12177:
12157:World Council of Churches
12132:
12050:
11934:
11925:
11880:
11665:
11649:
11644:Latter Day Saint movement
11629:
11589:
11489:
11470:
11416:
11373:
11318:
11224:
11203:
11162:
11130:
11087:
11019:
10978:
10938:
10680:
10620:Ghosts in Chinese culture
10615:Regional Religious System
10592:
10556:
10470:
10459:
10362:
10292:
10254:Anti-footbinding campaign
10236:
10153:
10096:
10002:
9864:
9836:
9808:
9795:
9778:Christianity in Hong Kong
9763:Christianity in Guangdong
9753:
9700:
9672:
9619:Christianity in Chongqing
9609:
9561:
9552:
9483:Medical missions in China
9468:
9460:St. Paul's College, Macau
9450:Chinese Rites controversy
9387:
9344:
9335:
9317:Hymns of Universal Praise
9307:
9269:
9241:
9181:
9038:Resources in your library
8916:10.1163/9789004291027_009
8863:Hayford, Charles (2014).
8827:Historiography and memory
8801:10.1163/9789004291027_013
8630:Latourette, Kenneth Scott
8594:. U of California Press.
8324:US State Dept 2022 report
7742:"Hong Kong Yearbook 2021"
7520:中国基督教三自爱国运动委员会成立60周年纪念会举行
7128:Katharina Wenzel-Teuber.
7006:, issue 46, Winter 2012:
6827:Columbia University Press
6043:Elliott, Mark C. (2001).
6006:Elliott, Mark C. (2001).
5897:The Catholic Encyclopedia
5833:Liščák, Vladimir (2015),
5808:Stochastikon Encyclopedia
5399:The Catholic Encyclopedia
5227:Miller, 2006. pp. 185–186
5031:Chinese Rites Controversy
4884:Kuanjie Protestant Church
4843:Kuanjie Protestant Church
4672:. He died the same year.
4457:Christianity in Hong Kong
3567:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3555:
3552:
3476:
3473:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3289:Catholic Patriotic Church
2963:Catholic Patriotic Church
2953:Catholic Patriotic Church
2866:Catholic Patriotic Church
2812:This section needs to be
2748:London Missionary Society
2707:London Missionary Society
2605:Church of Christ in China
2537:A Catholic church by the
2281:London Missionary Society
2208:London Missionary Society
2022:, which oversaw official
1914:Chinese rites controversy
1697:Procession on Palm Sunday
1535:Christian tombstone from
1432:
1422:
1418:
1380:
1370:
1357:
1347:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1284:Catholic Patriotic Church
12185:Anti-Christian sentiment
11365:Christian biblical canon
10740:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
10364:Major religions in China
10218:Second Sino-Japanese War
9735:Christianity in Liaoning
9659:Christianity in Xinjiang
9601:Christianity in Zhejiang
9596:Christianity in Shanghai
9591:Christianity in Shandong
9405:Foreign Missions Society
9364:Mogao Christian painting
9289:Studium Biblicum Version
9226:Protestantism in Sichuan
9214:Catholic Church in Tibet
9199:Catholic Church in China
8568:. Palgrave Pivot, 2014.
8169:"一周美剧收视:《鸭子王朝》首播登顶收视排行榜"
6788:. China Inland Mission.
6696:Choa, Gerald H. (1990).
6550:(July 1956), pp. 115–58.
6363:Journal of Asian Studies
6239:Soong, Irma Tam (1997).
6125:(July 1956), pp. 115–58.
5379:Hill, Henry, ed (1988).
5091:
5021:Catholic Church in China
4729:Studium Biblicum Version
4594:Christianity in Xinjiang
4564:
4483:
3641:Demographics by province
3257:Haidian Christian Church
2957:Lianghui (Protestantism)
2935:Haidian Christian Church
2774:Second Sino-Japanese War
2398:Kenneth Scott Latourette
2349:educational institutions
2300:Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
2143:differently. He stated:
2046:The introduction of the
1902:Jesuit missions in China
1896:Jesuit missions to China
1558:The Christian apologist
89:Central African Republic
12239:Christianity portal
11398:Investiture Controversy
11001:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
10626:Three Persian religions
10533:Mongolian folk religion
10302:China Christian Council
10284:Sino-Christian theology
10203:Anti-Christian Movement
10133:China Christian Council
10118:The Christian Manifesto
9768:Christianity in Guangxi
9745:Christianity in Tianjin
9710:Christianity in Beijing
9649:Christianity in Sichuan
9644:Christianity in Shaanxi
9639:Christianity in Qinghai
9634:Christianity in Ningxia
9629:Christianity in Guizhou
9586:Christianity in Jiangxi
9581:Christianity in Jiangsu
9420:Giovanni de' Marignolli
9299:Today's Chinese Version
9233:Chinese Orthodox Church
8865:"Christianity in China"
8669:The Cross and the Lotus
6593:Yang, Rain Liu (2011).
6548:World Affairs Quarterly
6446:Cohen, Paul A. (1997).
6389:World Affairs Quarterly
6123:World Affairs Quarterly
6092:Kenneth S. Latourette,
5779:Avgerinos (June 1998).
5616:. s.n. 1863. p. 18
5036:Christianity in Sichuan
5026:Chinese Orthodox Church
4868:and his wife Virginia.
4784:China Christian Council
4733:Today's Chinese Version
4446:Special administrations
4120:Tibet Autonomous Region
3077:Chinese Orthodox Church
3071:Chinese Orthodox Church
2892:China Christian Council
2837:Chinese Communist Party
2620:Anti-Christian Movement
2610:After World War I, the
2343:Christians established
2266:Rapid growth after 1842
2206:Robert Morrison of the
2006:. Missionaries such as
1729:(present-day Beijing).
1543:inscription dated 1314.
1527:, probably Jesus Christ
1471:Emperor Taizong of Tang
1288:China Christian Council
1179:Christianity portal
22:Christianity by country
12190:Christian universalism
11581:Western Rite Orthodoxy
11426:Protestant Reformation
10382:Folk ritual ministries
10244:Science and technology
10166:Century of humiliation
10098:Church-state relations
9924:Mary Stone (Shi Meiyu)
9889:Deng Yuzhi (Cora Deng)
9773:Christianity in Hainan
9740:Christianity in Shanxi
9664:Christianity in Yunnan
9576:Christianity in Fujian
9498:Divie Bethune McCartee
9455:Martyr Saints of China
9445:Frédéric-Vincent Lebbe
9400:Jesuit missions (Ming)
9221:Protestantism in China
8425:www.christiantoday.com
8148:ChristianHeadlines.com
7963:. London: Paternoster.
7909:"China's Wine Promise"
7096:Robert Murray Thomas.
6879:. London: Paternoster.
6683:47.3 (1973): 250–272.
6668:Nursing History Review
6485:Xiang, Lanxin (2003).
6255:Mong, Ambrose (2016).
6214:Austin, Alvyn (2007).
6155:. London: Paternoster.
5891:Ott, Michael (1913), "
5865:Leuven Chinese Studies
5705:Richard Foltz (2000).
5056:Protestantism in China
4878:, who attended one of
4846:
4506:
4469:
4294:
4048:Chongqing Municipality
3268:
3260:
3248:
3230:
3213:
3089:
3086:Saint Sophia Cathedral
3013:Zion Church in Beijing
2938:
2765:
2585:
2574:
2376:
2223:
2211:
2186:
2165:in 1902, with hubs in
2153:19th to 20th centuries
2150:
2116:17th to 18th centuries
2110:Second Vatican Council
2096:
1991:
1898:
1721:to the capital of the
1700:
1688:
1665:
1642:Emperor Wuzong of Tang
1569:) claimed in his work
1544:
1528:
1516:
1497:
659:Bosnia and Herzegovina
33:
12270:Christianity in China
11848:Anointing of the Sick
10674:Christianity in Asia
10372:Chinese folk religion
10029:Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei
9783:Christianity in Macau
9730:Christianity in Jilin
9715:Christianity in Hebei
9692:Christianity in Hunan
9687:Christianity in Hubei
9682:Christianity in Henan
9654:Christianity in Tibet
9624:Christianity in Gansu
9571:Christianity in Anhui
9284:Chinese Union Version
9175:Christianity in China
9065:Catholic Encyclopedia
9029:Christianity in China
8959:10.1163/9789004225756
8615:113.1 (2008): 72–92.
8463:www.christianpost.com
7757:Zheng, VWT; Wan, PS.
6821:Li, Hongshan (2024).
6654:(2nd ed. 1904) p 446
6563:31.2 (1945): 171–180
6521:113.1 (2008): 72–92.
6365:28.2 (1969): 285–298.
6281:Spence (1991), p. 206
6134:Kathleen L. Lodwick,
5839:Anthropologia Integra
5296:People's Daily Online
5041:Denunciation Movement
4837:
4810:Christian video games
4721:Chinese Union Version
4592:Further information:
4569:Further information:
4558:Further information:
4537:. He was baptized by
4497:
4476:(around 900,000) and
4464:
4292:
3814:Shanghai Municipality
3796:Heilongjiang Province
3423:, site of an alleged
3266:
3254:
3240:
3224:
3211:
3084:
3015:, with their pastor,
2973:Unregistered churches
2933:
2793:Further information:
2761:
2740:Great Light Newspaper
2580:
2536:
2392:(1832–1905). Taylor (
2374:
2345:clinics and hospitals
2339:Hospitals and schools
2327:deadliest conflicts.
2324:Chinese folk religion
2217:
2205:
2160:
2145:
2058:, and eventually the
1981:
1908:Jesuit China missions
1855:
1820:Yih-tsze-lo-nee-keaou
1694:
1686:
1661:
1657:Patriarch of the East
1582:Christianity in India
1534:
1522:
1502:
1483:
1409:Orthodox Christianity
1310:Further information:
981:Saint Kitts and Nevis
249:São Tomé and Príncipe
109:Republic of the Congo
32:
12169:Nondenominationalism
12042:Role in civilization
11509:Independent Catholic
11451:Relations with Islam
11431:Catholic Reformation
10915:United Arab Emirates
10269:Cantonese Roman Type
10100:in People's Republic
9959:John Ching Hsiung Wu
9410:John of Montecorvino
9002:Taylor, James Hudson
8910:. pp. 152–166.
8795:. pp. 229–246.
8749:The Reluctant Exodus
8674:Marsh, Christopher.
8645:Lodwick, Kathleen L.
8364:. Associated Press.
7924:The Associated Press
7763:Modern China Studies
7761:澳門居民的宗教信仰與生活經驗. On:
7554:Miller, 2006. p. 186
6991:Miller, 2006. p. 191
6949:Miller, 2006. p. 185
6430:Visualizing Cultures
6199:China: A new history
6197:John King Fairbank,
5370:, Vol. I. pp.500–501
5268:Wielander 2013, p. 3
5117:majority, excluding
4938:The Associated Press
4924:political repression
4772:Christian literature
4670:China Inland Mission
4626:China Inland Mission
4613:, are predominantly
4499:St. Dominic's Church
3688:Tianjin Municipality
3670:Beijing Municipality
3313:University of Oxford
3242:St. Joseph Cathedral
3057:Church Assembly Hall
2997:underground churches
2983:House church (China)
2714:led by Sun Yat-sen.
2612:New Culture Movement
2405:China Inland Mission
2163:China Inland Mission
2082:in 1704; his legate
1968:Alessandro Valignano
1824:Yih-tsze lo née leen
1648:, Christianity, and
1296:underground churches
1290:, or the Protestant
1218:has been present in
610:United Arab Emirates
12215:Unlimited atonement
12200:Cultural Christians
11639:Jehovah's Witnesses
11261:Sermon on the Mount
11190:Christian tradition
11117:Lists of Christians
10942:limited recognition
10610:Irreligion in China
10538:Qiang folk religion
10377:Ancestor veneration
10293:Interdenominational
10259:Anti-opium campaign
10223:Cultural Revolution
10123:Protestant Lianghui
10024:Aloysius Jin Luxian
9796:Chinese Christians
9415:Odoric of Pordenone
9294:Chinese New Version
8985:Historical Journal,
8768:. Routledge, 2013.
8747:Thompson, Phyllis.
8717:Spence, Jonathan D.
7902:The Drinks Business
7370:Marsh, 2011. p. 231
7305:Christian Examiner,
7250:Pew Research Center
6334:Spence, Jonathan D.
6304:Spence, Jonathan D.
6083:(1978) pp 545–590.
5853:Rule, Paul (2003),
5394:The Church in China
5280:Marsh, 2011. p. 232
4994:Christianity portal
4717:Chinese New Version
4652:in the late 1930s.
4408:
4299:
3664:Christians' number
3651:
3549:
3458:
3296:Independent surveys
3272:Official membership
3143:heterodox teachings
3125:province of China.
3100:Korean Christianity
2990:Cultural Revolution
2965:and the Protestant
2916:Aloysius Jin Luxian
2880:Cultural Revolution
2487:sphere of influence
2227:Protestant missions
2056:scholar-bureaucrats
1268:Orthodox Christians
996:Trinidad and Tobago
891:Antigua and Barbuda
12060:Crusading movement
11328:Ante-Nicene period
10523:Miao folk religion
10419:Theravada Buddhism
10279:Manchurian revival
10264:Chinese Roman Type
10113:Underground church
9359:Jingjiao Documents
9346:Church of the East
9322:Chinese New Hymnal
9279:Delegates' Version
9271:Bible translations
9125:2019-10-17 at the
9095:2019-10-17 at the
8764:Wielander, Gerda.
8692:. ABC-CLIO, 2006.
8578:Crofts, Daniel W.
8250:Washingtonpost.com
8227:on August 29, 2011
7870:Bloomberg Pursuits
7790:on 13 October 2007
7506:2013-07-17 at the
7348:2016-03-03 at the
7300:2013-05-13 at the
7277:2012-01-04 at the
7136:2014-12-31 at the
7071:2014-06-06 at the
6979:Bays, 1999. p. 310
6937:Bays, 1999. p. 348
6670:4 (1996): 129–149.
5985:: Steyler Verlag,
5971:Mungello, David E.
5716:Palgrave Macmillan
5462:Christianity Today
4976:of Christianity."
4968:In December 2023,
4888:Secretary of State
4847:
4778:, and the various
4744:Chinese New Hymnal
4735:. Hymnals include
4725:Delegates' Version
4549:Autonomous regions
4507:
4480:(around 401,000).
4470:
4429:Total Christianity
4402:
4297:
4295:
3994:Guangdong Province
3649:
3547:
3456:
3412:' survey of 2012.
3269:
3261:
3249:
3231:
3214:
3194:general conference
3090:
2979:Underground church
2939:
2894:(CCC) was formed.
2766:
2575:
2541:River at Cizhong,
2514:Big Swords Society
2409:Dixon Edward Hoste
2377:
2224:
2212:
2187:
1992:
1972:St. Paul's College
1937:St. Francis Xavier
1925:St. Paul's College
1899:
1880:monogram of Christ
1876:Ignatius of Loyola
1862:Athanasius Kircher
1792:Lan Maou Hwuy tsze
1701:
1689:
1616:Church of the East
1545:
1529:
1517:
1450:Pre-modern history
1376:Jīdū jiào xīn jiào
1262:and 10–12 million
1228:Church of the East
931:Dominican Republic
34:
12257:
12256:
12223:
12222:
12151:Charta Oecumenica
11661:
11660:
11651:Iglesia ni Cristo
11466:
11465:
11446:French Revolution
11436:Thirty Years' War
11308:Apostolic fathers
11276:Great Commandment
11047:
11046:
10984:other territories
10640:
10639:
10548:Yao folk religion
10356:Religion in China
10315:
10314:
10213:Chinese Civil War
10198:Xinhai Revolution
10176:Taiping Rebellion
10161:Rites controversy
10092:
10091:
9949:Francis C. M. Wei
9802:
9791:
9790:
9548:
9547:
9024:Library resources
8968:978-90-04-22574-9
8925:978-90-04-26538-7
8858:978-90-04-11430-2
8841:978-90-04-11431-9
8810:978-90-04-26538-7
8774:978-0-415-52223-6
8730:978-0-393-30780-1
8698:978-1-85109-626-8
8684:978-1-4411-1247-7
8574:978-1-137-42787-8
8539:978-0-8047-3651-0
8405:. April 30, 2021.
7510:December 19, 2011
7236:978-1-03-239508-1
7106:978-0-275-99061-9
7100:. Praeger, 2006.
7082:978-0-300-12339-5
6853:10.7312/li--20704
6835:10.7312/li--20704
6608:978-1-61097-158-4
6498:978-0-7007-1563-3
6465:978-0-231-10651-1
6403:, p. 129–30.
6347:978-0-393-30780-1
6319:978-0-393-30780-1
6225:978-0-8028-2975-7
6201:(1992) pp 206–16.
6056:978-0-8047-4684-7
6019:978-0-8047-4684-7
5992:978-3-8050-0348-3
5956:978-90-04-34560-7
5929:978-0-89870-916-2
5878:978-90-5867-315-2
5680:Ning, Ya (2021).
5527:978-0-385-51284-8
5493:978-3-8050-0534-0
5441:978-3-8050-0534-0
5316:. 30 August 2023.
5314:"4. Christianity"
5191:978-1-4443-4284-0
5076:Religion in China
4950:General Secretary
4920:Pope Benedict XVI
4702:academic journals
4571:Religion in Tibet
4519:Pope Gregory XIII
4490:Religion in Macau
4443:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4400:
4399:
4312:Total Christians
4285:
4284:
4133:(Catholics only)
3922:Shandong Province
3850:Zhejiang Province
3760:Liaoning Province
3638:
3637:
3634:
3633:
3543:
3542:
3425:Marian apparition
3368:Renmin University
3317:Peking University
3282:Three-Self Church
3157:Eastern Lightning
3115:division of Korea
3061:True Jesus Church
2912:Thaddeus Ma Daqin
2907:Pope Benedict XVI
2884:Three-Self Church
2833:
2832:
2778:Chinese Civil War
2712:Xinhai Revolution
2413:Three-Self Church
2394:Plymouth Brethren
2361:Republic of China
2352:also opposed the
2292:Taiping Rebellion
2141:worshipped Heaven
2133:Yongzheng Emperor
2126:Russian Orthodoxy
2020:Ministry of Rites
1986:& al.'s 1687
1952:Portuguese Empire
1943:off the coast of
1941:Shangchuan Island
1931:, the capital of
1391:Eastern Orthodoxy
1356:) and 'Creator' (
1298:, often known as
1292:Three-Self Church
1213:
1212:
516:
124:Equatorial Guinea
12277:
12247:
12246:
12237:
12236:
12080:Environmentalism
12030:Church buildings
11932:
11931:
11747:Eastern Orthodox
11742:Eastern Catholic
11654:
11653:
11621:Eastern Catholic
11599:Eastern Orthodox
11487:
11486:
11408:Age of Discovery
11393:East–West Schism
11291:Great Commission
11222:
11221:
11074:
11067:
11060:
11051:
11050:
11037:
11027:
11026:
10996:Christmas Island
10682:Sovereign states
10667:
10660:
10653:
10644:
10643:
10513:Manchu shamanism
10465:
10414:Tibetan Buddhism
10409:Chinese Buddhism
10354:
10353:
10342:
10335:
10328:
10319:
10318:
10208:Nanjing incident
10193:Tianjin Massacre
9806:
9805:
9798:
9559:
9558:
9518:Jonathan Goforth
9342:
9341:
9168:
9161:
9154:
9145:
9144:
9069:
9061:
9009:
8980:
8951:Brill Publishers
8937:
8908:Brill Publishers
8896:Hunt, Stephen J.
8890:
8822:
8793:Brill Publishers
8781:Hunt, Stephen J.
8734:
8712:
8688:Miller, James.
8667:Lee Shiu Keung.
8664:
8637:
8625:(Yale UP, 1984).
8605:
8593:
8561:
8513:
8512:
8510:
8508:
8491:
8485:
8480:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8470:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8442:
8434:
8432:
8431:
8416:
8407:
8406:
8395:
8389:
8383:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8373:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8332:
8326:
8321:
8315:
8314:
8312:
8311:
8292:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8267:
8261:
8260:
8258:
8257:
8242:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8217:
8211:
8210:
8208:
8206:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8165:
8159:
8158:
8156:
8154:
8139:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8128:
8114:
8108:
8107:
8105:
8103:
8098:. April 24, 2022
8088:
8082:
8081:
8079:
8077:
8062:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8036:
8030:
8029:
8027:
8025:
8010:
8004:
8003:
7977:
7971:
7964:
7956:
7950:
7949:
7938:
7927:
7916:
7905:
7894:
7883:
7873:
7862:
7852:
7844:
7838:
7837:
7831:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7806:
7800:
7799:
7797:
7795:
7780:
7774:
7755:
7749:
7748:
7746:
7738:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7721:
7715:
7714:
7712:
7703:
7697:
7679:
7673:
7658:David Ferguson.
7656:
7650:
7643:
7637:
7631:
7625:
7624:
7618:
7610:
7608:
7606:
7601:on 9 August 2014
7600:
7594:. Archived from
7593:
7577:
7568:
7561:
7555:
7552:
7541:
7529:
7523:
7517:
7511:
7498:
7489:
7488:
7482:
7474:
7472:
7470:
7465:on 9 August 2014
7464:
7458:. Archived from
7457:
7441:
7432:
7431:
7425:
7417:
7415:
7413:
7408:on 9 August 2014
7407:
7401:. Archived from
7400:
7384:
7371:
7368:
7362:
7338:
7332:
7323:
7308:
7291:
7282:
7268:
7259:
7247:
7241:
7240:
7218:
7212:
7205:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7195:
7180:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7155:
7149:
7126:
7109:
7094:
7085:
7061:
7052:
7049:
7043:
7040:
7034:
7031:
7022:
7019:
7013:
7001:
6992:
6989:
6980:
6977:
6971:
6970:
6964:
6956:
6950:
6947:
6938:
6935:
6929:
6928:
6923:. Archived from
6912:
6903:
6902:
6898:Business Insider
6888:
6882:
6880:
6872:
6857:
6856:
6825:. New York, NY:
6818:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6738:
6732:
6731:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6693:
6687:
6677:
6671:
6664:
6658:
6648:
6642:
6637:Gerald H. Choa,
6635:
6629:
6619:
6613:
6612:
6590:
6584:
6574:
6568:
6557:
6551:
6544:
6538:
6531:
6525:
6515:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6482:
6476:
6475:
6473:
6472:
6453:
6443:
6434:
6433:
6422:
6416:
6410:
6404:
6398:
6392:
6385:
6379:
6372:
6366:
6359:
6353:
6351:
6330:
6324:
6323:
6300:
6291:
6288:
6282:
6279:
6273:
6272:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6236:
6230:
6229:
6211:
6202:
6195:
6189:
6188:
6186:
6185:
6167:
6158:
6156:
6148:
6139:
6132:
6126:
6119:
6113:
6107:
6101:
6090:
6084:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6064:
6063:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6003:
5997:
5995:
5979:Monumenta Serica
5967:
5961:
5959:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5909:
5900:
5889:
5883:
5881:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5830:
5824:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5802:
5793:
5792:
5787:. Archived from
5776:
5770:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5736:
5730:
5729:
5702:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5677:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5608:
5602:
5601:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5546:
5540:
5539:
5504:
5498:
5497:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5427:
5421:
5420:
5409:
5403:
5390:
5384:
5377:
5371:
5365:
5359:
5352:
5346:
5339:
5333:
5332:
5324:
5318:
5317:
5310:
5304:
5303:
5287:
5281:
5278:
5269:
5266:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5234:
5228:
5225:
5219:
5218:
5205:
5196:
5195:
5172:
5150:
5111:
5105:
5102:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4996:
4991:
4990:
4914:Tiananmen Square
4891:Condoleezza Rice
4577:Tibetan Buddhist
4523:Diocese of Macau
4521:established the
4409:
4401:
4300:
4296:
4175:Qinghai Province
4139:Shaanxi Province
4084:Guizhou Province
4066:Sichuan Province
3904:Jiangxi Province
3832:Jiangsu Province
3661:Christian %
3652:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3550:
3546:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3415:The province of
3153:
3148:
2888:economic reforms
2828:
2825:
2819:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2681:Medical missions
2382:unequal treaties
2255:Daoguang Emperor
2192:Kathleen Lodwick
2161:Stations of the
2099:
2072:Bishop of Fujian
2036:Philippe Couplet
2032:Michele Ruggieri
1984:Philippe Couplet
1956:Zhongshan Island
1933:Portuguese India
1921:Society of Jesus
1867:China Illustrata
1734:Rabban Bar Sauma
1631:Literary Chinese
1568:
1565:
1495:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1415:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:Chinese classics
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1318:Chinese language
1272:economic reforms
1224:early modern era
1205:
1198:
1191:
1177:
1176:
1061:Papua New Guinea
1036:Marshall Islands
859:Northern Ireland
512:
18:
17:
12285:
12284:
12280:
12279:
12278:
12276:
12275:
12274:
12260:
12259:
12258:
12253:
12231:
12219:
12173:
12128:
12046:
11927:
11921:
11876:
11801:One true church
11657:
11625:
11585:
11474:
11462:
11412:
11369:
11314:
11241:in Christianity
11227:
11213:
11207:
11199:
11158:
11134:
11126:
11083:
11078:
11048:
11043:
11015:
10983:
10974:
10955:Northern Cyprus
10941:
10934:
10676:
10671:
10641:
10636:
10588:
10552:
10471:Other religions
10466:
10457:
10358:
10348:
10346:
10316:
10311:
10294:
10288:
10232:
10228:Boluan Fanzheng
10186:Boxer Rebellion
10149:
10099:
10088:
10005:
9998:
9994:David Z. T. Yui
9974:Y. C. James Yen
9879:Chiang Kai-shek
9860:
9832:
9800:
9797:
9787:
9749:
9696:
9668:
9605:
9554:
9544:
9523:Cambridge Seven
9513:Timothy Richard
9488:Robert Morrison
9464:
9383:
9337:Mission history
9331:
9303:
9265:
9237:
9177:
9172:
9127:Wayback Machine
9097:Wayback Machine
9049:
9048:
9047:
9032:
9031:
9027:
9020:
9015:
8997:
8995:Primary sources
8969:
8926:
8887:
8850:R. G. Tiedemann
8829:
8811:
8737:Stark, Rodney.
8731:
8661:
8602:
8558:
8522:
8517:
8516:
8506:
8504:
8492:
8488:
8481:
8477:
8468:
8466:
8457:
8456:
8452:
8436:
8435:
8429:
8427:
8417:
8410:
8397:
8396:
8392:
8384:
8380:
8371:
8369:
8358:
8354:
8345:
8343:
8333:
8329:
8322:
8318:
8309:
8307:
8294:
8293:
8289:
8280:
8278:
8269:
8268:
8264:
8255:
8253:
8244:
8243:
8239:
8230:
8228:
8219:
8218:
8214:
8204:
8202:
8192:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8167:
8166:
8162:
8152:
8150:
8140:
8136:
8126:
8124:
8116:
8115:
8111:
8101:
8099:
8090:
8089:
8085:
8075:
8073:
8064:
8063:
8059:
8049:
8047:
8038:
8037:
8033:
8023:
8021:
8012:
8011:
8007:
8000:
7978:
7974:
7961:Operation World
7957:
7953:
7882:. Feb 11, 2016.
7874:
7845:
7841:
7825:
7824:
7818:
7816:
7807:
7803:
7793:
7791:
7782:
7781:
7777:
7756:
7752:
7744:
7740:
7739:
7735:
7727:
7723:
7722:
7718:
7710:
7704:
7700:
7694:Wayback Machine
7680:
7676:
7657:
7653:
7644:
7640:
7632:
7628:
7612:
7611:
7604:
7602:
7598:
7591:
7589:"Archived copy"
7587:
7578:
7571:
7562:
7558:
7553:
7544:
7534:, Wang Hongyi,
7530:
7526:
7518:
7514:
7508:Wayback Machine
7499:
7492:
7476:
7475:
7468:
7466:
7462:
7455:
7453:"Archived copy"
7451:
7442:
7435:
7419:
7418:
7411:
7409:
7405:
7398:
7396:"Archived copy"
7394:
7385:
7374:
7369:
7365:
7350:Wayback Machine
7339:
7335:
7324:
7311:
7302:Wayback Machine
7292:
7285:
7279:Wayback Machine
7269:
7262:
7248:
7244:
7237:
7219:
7215:
7207:Lambert, Tony.
7206:
7202:
7193:
7191:
7182:
7181:
7174:
7164:
7162:
7157:
7156:
7152:
7138:Wayback Machine
7127:
7112:
7095:
7088:
7073:Wayback Machine
7062:
7055:
7050:
7046:
7041:
7037:
7032:
7025:
7020:
7016:
7002:
6995:
6990:
6983:
6978:
6974:
6962:
6960:"Annual Report"
6958:
6957:
6953:
6948:
6941:
6936:
6932:
6913:
6906:
6889:
6885:
6877:Operation World
6873:
6860:
6845:
6819:
6810:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6780:
6776:
6768:
6764:
6757:
6753:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6728:davidtkwong.net
6722:
6721:
6717:
6710:
6694:
6690:
6678:
6674:
6665:
6661:
6649:
6645:
6636:
6632:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6591:
6587:
6575:
6571:
6558:
6554:
6545:
6541:
6532:
6528:
6516:
6512:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6483:
6479:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6444:
6437:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6413:Esherick (1987)
6411:
6407:
6401:Esherick (1987)
6399:
6395:
6386:
6382:
6373:
6369:
6360:
6356:
6348:
6331:
6327:
6320:
6301:
6294:
6289:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6269:
6253:
6249:
6237:
6233:
6226:
6212:
6205:
6196:
6192:
6183:
6181:
6168:
6161:
6153:Operation World
6149:
6142:
6133:
6129:
6120:
6116:
6108:
6104:
6091:
6087:
6078:
6074:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6041:
6037:
6024:
6022:
6020:
6004:
6000:
5993:
5968:
5964:
5957:
5941:
5937:
5930:
5910:
5903:
5890:
5886:
5879:
5851:
5847:
5831:
5827:
5818:
5816:
5803:
5796:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5762:
5756:
5737:
5733:
5726:
5703:
5694:
5686:
5678:
5674:
5665:
5663:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5642:
5640:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5619:
5617:
5610:
5609:
5605:
5594:
5590:
5579:
5575:
5566:
5564:
5547:
5543:
5528:
5505:
5501:
5494:
5480:
5476:
5467:
5465:
5453:
5449:
5442:
5428:
5424:
5410:
5406:
5391:
5387:
5378:
5374:
5366:
5362:
5353:
5349:
5340:
5336:
5329:Operation World
5325:
5321:
5312:
5311:
5307:
5288:
5284:
5279:
5272:
5267:
5256:
5247:
5245:
5236:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5207:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5176:Bays, Daniel H.
5173:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5094:
5006:
5001:
4999:
4992:
4985:
4982:
4832:
4826:
4768:Christian films
4692:Christian media
4678:
4658:
4650:Kumul Rebellion
4596:
4590:
4573:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4551:
4539:Robert Morrison
4492:
4486:
4459:
4453:
4448:
4407:survey of 2008
4102:Yunnan Province
4030:Hainan Province
3886:Fujian Province
3724:Shanxi Province
3643:
3614:Total Christian
3523:Total Christian
3430:ethnic minority
3377:
3219:
3206:
3173:
3139:
3137:Heterodox sects
3102:
3079:
3073:
3048:
3042:
3009:Shouwang Church
2985:
2977:Main articles:
2975:
2959:
2951:Main articles:
2949:
2944:
2928:
2829:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2791:
2756:
2736:Queen's College
2731:
2683:
2659:Chiang Kai-shek
2644:Y. C. James Yen
2624:David Z. T. Yui
2531:
2506:Boxer Rebellion
2474:
2458:
2421:
2419:Social services
2386:Great Awakening
2369:
2341:
2272:First Opium War
2268:
2251:Jiaqing Emperor
2247:
2239:Robert Morrison
2235:
2229:
2155:
2118:
2076:Pope Clement XI
1966:neighborhood).
1916:
1910:
1904:
1800:Teaou-kin-keaou
1707:
1681:
1679:Medieval period
1566:
1556:
1550:
1496:
1490:
1452:
1447:
1404:Dōng zhèng jiào
1314:
1308:
1226:. The Assyrian
1209:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1071:Solomon Islands
1016:
1006:
1005:
886:
876:
875:
779:North Macedonia
629:
619:
618:
521:
501:
500:
329:
319:
318:
44:
12:
11:
5:
12283:
12273:
12272:
12255:
12254:
12252:
12251:
12241:
12228:
12225:
12224:
12221:
12220:
12218:
12217:
12212:
12207:
12202:
12197:
12192:
12187:
12181:
12179:
12175:
12174:
12172:
12171:
12166:
12165:
12164:
12159:
12154:
12142:
12136:
12134:
12130:
12129:
12127:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12111:
12106:
12097:
12092:
12090:Fundamentalism
12087:
12085:Existentialism
12082:
12077:
12072:
12067:
12062:
12056:
12054:
12048:
12047:
12045:
12044:
12039:
12038:
12037:
12027:
12022:
12017:
12012:
12007:
12002:
11997:
11996:
11995:
11985:
11984:
11983:
11978:
11976:God the Father
11973:
11968:
11963:
11953:
11952:
11951:
11940:
11938:
11929:
11923:
11922:
11920:
11919:
11914:
11909:
11908:
11907:
11897:
11892:
11886:
11884:
11878:
11877:
11875:
11874:
11873:
11872:
11862:
11857:
11856:
11855:
11850:
11845:
11840:
11835:
11830:
11825:
11815:
11814:
11813:
11808:
11803:
11798:
11796:Body of Christ
11793:
11783:
11778:
11773:
11772:
11771:
11761:
11756:
11755:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11698:
11697:
11692:
11687:
11682:
11671:
11669:
11663:
11662:
11659:
11658:
11656:
11655:
11646:
11641:
11635:
11633:
11631:Restorationist
11627:
11626:
11624:
11623:
11618:
11613:
11608:
11607:
11606:
11595:
11593:
11587:
11586:
11584:
11583:
11578:
11577:
11576:
11571:
11566:
11561:
11556:
11551:
11546:
11541:
11536:
11531:
11526:
11521:
11511:
11506:
11501:
11495:
11493:
11484:
11468:
11467:
11464:
11463:
11461:
11460:
11459:
11458:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11422:
11420:
11414:
11413:
11411:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11395:
11390:
11385:
11379:
11377:
11371:
11370:
11368:
11367:
11362:
11357:
11356:
11355:
11350:
11340:
11335:
11333:Late antiquity
11330:
11324:
11322:
11316:
11315:
11313:
11312:
11311:
11310:
11303:Church fathers
11300:
11295:
11294:
11293:
11288:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11268:
11263:
11258:
11253:
11248:
11243:
11232:
11230:
11219:
11201:
11200:
11198:
11197:
11192:
11187:
11182:
11177:
11172:
11166:
11164:
11160:
11159:
11157:
11156:
11151:
11146:
11140:
11138:
11128:
11127:
11125:
11124:
11119:
11114:
11109:
11104:
11099:
11094:
11088:
11085:
11084:
11077:
11076:
11069:
11062:
11054:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11041:
11031:
11020:
11017:
11016:
11014:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10987:
10985:
10976:
10975:
10973:
10972:
10967:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10946:
10944:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10912:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10827:
10822:
10817:
10812:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10767:
10762:
10757:
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10707:
10702:
10697:
10692:
10686:
10684:
10678:
10677:
10670:
10669:
10662:
10655:
10647:
10638:
10637:
10635:
10634:
10629:
10622:
10617:
10612:
10607:
10602:
10596:
10594:
10590:
10589:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10579:Inner Mongolia
10576:
10571:
10566:
10560:
10558:
10554:
10553:
10551:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10474:
10472:
10468:
10467:
10460:
10458:
10456:
10455:
10450:
10445:
10444:
10443:
10438:
10436:Roman Catholic
10433:
10423:
10422:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10390:
10389:
10384:
10379:
10368:
10366:
10360:
10359:
10345:
10344:
10337:
10330:
10322:
10313:
10312:
10310:
10309:
10304:
10298:
10296:
10290:
10289:
10287:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10240:
10238:
10234:
10233:
10231:
10230:
10225:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10183:
10178:
10173:
10163:
10157:
10155:
10151:
10150:
10148:
10147:
10142:
10141:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10120:
10115:
10110:
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10102:
10094:
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10089:
10087:
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10076:
10071:
10066:
10061:
10056:
10051:
10046:
10041:
10036:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10016:
10010:
10008:
10000:
9999:
9997:
9996:
9991:
9986:
9981:
9976:
9971:
9966:
9961:
9956:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9911:
9906:
9901:
9896:
9891:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9870:
9868:
9862:
9861:
9859:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9842:
9840:
9834:
9833:
9831:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9814:
9812:
9803:
9799:(by period of
9793:
9792:
9789:
9788:
9786:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9759:
9757:
9751:
9750:
9748:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9722:
9717:
9712:
9706:
9704:
9698:
9697:
9695:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9678:
9676:
9670:
9669:
9667:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9621:
9615:
9613:
9607:
9606:
9604:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9583:
9578:
9573:
9567:
9565:
9556:
9550:
9549:
9546:
9545:
9543:
9542:
9535:
9533:Gladys Aylward
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9474:
9472:
9466:
9465:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9440:Angelo Zottoli
9437:
9435:Joachim Bouvet
9432:
9427:
9425:Francis Xavier
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9391:
9389:
9385:
9384:
9382:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9350:
9348:
9339:
9333:
9332:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9313:
9311:
9305:
9304:
9302:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9275:
9273:
9267:
9266:
9264:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9247:
9245:
9239:
9238:
9236:
9235:
9230:
9229:
9228:
9218:
9217:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9196:
9191:
9185:
9183:
9179:
9178:
9171:
9170:
9163:
9156:
9148:
9142:
9141:
9135:
9129:
9117:
9111:
9105:
9099:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9070:
9068:. Vol. 3.
9054:Cordier, Henri
9046:
9045:
9040:
9034:
9033:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9018:External links
9016:
9014:
9013:
8996:
8993:
8992:
8991:
8981:
8967:
8938:
8924:
8891:
8885:
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8843:
8828:
8825:
8824:
8823:
8809:
8776:
8762:
8752:
8745:
8735:
8729:
8713:
8700:
8686:
8672:
8665:
8659:
8641:
8626:
8621:Hynter, Jane.
8619:
8609:
8600:
8583:
8576:
8562:
8556:
8541:
8527:Daniel H. Bays
8523:
8521:
8518:
8515:
8514:
8486:
8475:
8465:. 27 June 2020
8450:
8408:
8390:
8378:
8352:
8327:
8316:
8287:
8262:
8237:
8212:
8186:
8160:
8134:
8109:
8083:
8072:. July 6, 2020
8057:
8046:. July 6, 2020
8031:
8020:. July 6, 2020
8005:
7998:
7972:
7951:
7839:
7801:
7775:
7750:
7733:
7716:
7706:Wang, Xiuhua.
7698:
7674:
7670:People's Daily
7651:
7645:Tony Lambert,
7638:
7626:
7569:
7556:
7542:
7524:
7512:
7490:
7433:
7372:
7363:
7333:
7309:
7307:November 2007.
7283:
7260:
7242:
7235:
7213:
7200:
7172:
7150:
7110:
7086:
7053:
7044:
7035:
7023:
7014:
6993:
6981:
6972:
6951:
6939:
6930:
6927:on 2015-08-31.
6921:New York Times
6904:
6883:
6858:
6843:
6808:
6794:
6774:
6772:, p. 159.
6762:
6751:
6733:
6715:
6708:
6688:
6672:
6659:
6643:
6630:
6614:
6607:
6585:
6577:Daniel H. Bays
6569:
6552:
6539:
6526:
6510:
6497:
6477:
6464:
6435:
6417:
6405:
6393:
6380:
6367:
6354:
6346:
6325:
6318:
6292:
6290:Taylor (1865),
6283:
6274:
6267:
6247:
6231:
6224:
6203:
6190:
6159:
6140:
6127:
6114:
6110:Lodwick (2016)
6102:
6085:
6072:
6055:
6035:
6018:
5998:
5991:
5973:, ed. (1994),
5962:
5955:
5935:
5928:
5901:
5884:
5877:
5845:
5825:
5794:
5791:on 2022-09-21.
5771:
5760:
5731:
5724:
5692:
5672:
5649:
5626:
5603:
5588:
5573:
5541:
5526:
5520:. p. 79.
5499:
5492:
5474:
5447:
5440:
5422:
5404:
5385:
5372:
5360:
5347:
5334:
5319:
5305:
5300:People's Daily
5282:
5270:
5254:
5229:
5220:
5197:
5190:
5178:(2011-06-09).
5166:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5127:Inner Mongolia
5106:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5089:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5012:
5011:
4997:
4981:
4978:
4876:George W. Bush
4866:L. Nelson Bell
4825:
4822:
4816:Bible app and
4677:
4674:
4657:
4654:
4605:region of the
4589:
4586:
4566:
4563:
4555:
4554:Inner Mongolia
4552:
4550:
4547:
4488:Main article:
4485:
4482:
4455:Main article:
4452:
4449:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4425:
4424:
4421:
4417:
4416:
4413:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4384:
4383:
4380:
4377:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4324:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4310:
4307:
4304:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4260:
4255:
4252:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4231:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4216:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4171:
4170:
4165:
4162:
4159:
4157:Gansu Province
4153:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4062:
4061:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4044:
4043:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3976:Hunan Province
3972:
3971:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3958:Hubei Province
3954:
3953:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3940:Henan Province
3936:
3935:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3909:
3906:
3900:
3899:
3894:
3891:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3876:
3873:
3870:
3868:Anhui Province
3864:
3863:
3858:
3855:
3852:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3819:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3783:
3780:
3778:Jilin Province
3774:
3773:
3768:
3765:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3706:Hebei Province
3702:
3701:
3696:
3693:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3675:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3560:
3557:
3554:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3463:
3444:satirical news
3439:People's Daily
3390:
3389:
3385:
3376:
3373:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3344:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3285:
3274:
3273:
3218:
3217:Mainland China
3215:
3205:
3202:
3172:
3169:
3138:
3135:
3101:
3098:
3075:Main article:
3072:
3069:
3044:Main article:
3041:
3038:
3029:Pastor Wang Yi
3001:house churches
2974:
2971:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2927:
2924:
2831:
2830:
2811:
2809:
2802:
2790:
2787:
2755:
2752:
2730:
2727:
2682:
2679:
2667:Wang Zhengting
2590:Following the
2530:
2527:
2483:
2482:
2473:
2470:
2457:
2454:
2420:
2417:
2368:
2365:
2340:
2337:
2267:
2264:
2246:
2243:
2231:Main article:
2228:
2225:
2169:, and between
2154:
2151:
2117:
2114:
2080:a decisive ban
2060:Kangxi Emperor
1906:Main article:
1903:
1900:
1872:Francis Xavier
1845:slaughter and
1804:Tsing-chin sze
1796:Lan Mao Hui zi
1703:Main article:
1680:
1677:
1650:Zoroastrianism
1627:New Testaments
1549:
1546:
1488:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1307:
1304:
1300:house churches
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1168:
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1164:
1163:
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1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
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1092:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
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1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1017:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1007:
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993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
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938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
887:
882:
881:
878:
877:
874:
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
849:United Kingdom
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
630:
625:
624:
621:
620:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
520:
519:
518:
517:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
407:
406:
401:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
330:
325:
324:
321:
320:
317:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12282:
12271:
12268:
12267:
12265:
12250:
12242:
12240:
12235:
12230:
12229:
12226:
12216:
12213:
12211:
12208:
12206:
12203:
12201:
12198:
12196:
12193:
12191:
12188:
12186:
12183:
12182:
12180:
12176:
12170:
12167:
12163:
12160:
12158:
12155:
12153:
12152:
12148:
12147:
12146:
12143:
12141:
12138:
12137:
12135:
12131:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12115:
12112:
12110:
12107:
12105:
12101:
12098:
12096:
12093:
12091:
12088:
12086:
12083:
12081:
12078:
12076:
12073:
12071:
12068:
12066:
12063:
12061:
12058:
12057:
12055:
12053:
12049:
12043:
12040:
12036:
12033:
12032:
12031:
12028:
12026:
12025:Popular piety
12023:
12021:
12018:
12016:
12013:
12011:
12008:
12006:
12003:
12001:
11998:
11994:
11991:
11990:
11989:
11986:
11982:
11979:
11977:
11974:
11972:
11969:
11967:
11964:
11962:
11959:
11958:
11957:
11954:
11950:
11947:
11946:
11945:
11942:
11941:
11939:
11937:
11933:
11930:
11924:
11918:
11915:
11913:
11910:
11906:
11903:
11902:
11901:
11898:
11896:
11893:
11891:
11888:
11887:
11885:
11883:
11879:
11871:
11868:
11867:
11866:
11863:
11861:
11858:
11854:
11851:
11849:
11846:
11844:
11841:
11839:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11829:
11826:
11824:
11821:
11820:
11819:
11816:
11812:
11809:
11807:
11806:People of God
11804:
11802:
11799:
11797:
11794:
11792:
11789:
11788:
11787:
11784:
11782:
11779:
11777:
11774:
11770:
11767:
11766:
11765:
11762:
11760:
11757:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11734:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11696:
11693:
11691:
11688:
11686:
11683:
11681:
11678:
11677:
11676:
11673:
11672:
11670:
11668:
11664:
11652:
11647:
11645:
11642:
11640:
11637:
11636:
11634:
11632:
11628:
11622:
11619:
11617:
11614:
11612:
11609:
11605:
11602:
11601:
11600:
11597:
11596:
11594:
11592:
11588:
11582:
11579:
11575:
11572:
11570:
11567:
11565:
11562:
11560:
11557:
11555:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11537:
11535:
11532:
11530:
11527:
11525:
11522:
11520:
11517:
11516:
11515:
11512:
11510:
11507:
11505:
11502:
11500:
11497:
11496:
11494:
11492:
11488:
11485:
11482:
11478:
11473:
11472:Denominations
11469:
11457:
11454:
11453:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11441:Enlightenment
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11423:
11421:
11419:
11415:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11399:
11396:
11394:
11391:
11389:
11386:
11384:
11381:
11380:
11378:
11376:
11372:
11366:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11345:
11344:
11341:
11339:
11336:
11334:
11331:
11329:
11326:
11325:
11323:
11321:
11317:
11309:
11306:
11305:
11304:
11301:
11299:
11296:
11292:
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11279:
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11183:
11181:
11178:
11176:
11173:
11171:
11168:
11167:
11165:
11161:
11155:
11154:New Testament
11152:
11150:
11149:Old Testament
11147:
11145:
11142:
11141:
11139:
11137:
11133:
11129:
11123:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11113:
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10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10988:
10986:
10981:
10977:
10971:
10968:
10966:
10965:South Ossetia
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10947:
10945:
10943:
10937:
10931:
10928:
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10380:
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10357:
10352:
10343:
10338:
10336:
10331:
10329:
10324:
10323:
10320:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10299:
10297:
10295:organisations
10291:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
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10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10181:Yangzhou riot
10179:
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10169:
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10009:
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9995:
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9975:
9972:
9970:
9967:
9965:
9962:
9960:
9957:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9944:Wang Ming-Dao
9942:
9940:
9939:Tseng Pao-sun
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9909:Lu Zhengxiang
9907:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9892:
9890:
9887:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9871:
9869:
9867:
9863:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9846:Hong Xiuchuan
9844:
9843:
9841:
9839:
9835:
9829:
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9824:
9821:
9819:
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9815:
9813:
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9804:
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9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9760:
9758:
9756:
9752:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9721:
9718:
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9713:
9711:
9708:
9707:
9705:
9703:
9699:
9693:
9690:
9688:
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9683:
9680:
9679:
9677:
9675:
9671:
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9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9503:Hudson Taylor
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9493:Karl Gützlaff
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9475:
9473:
9471:
9467:
9461:
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9413:
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9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
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9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
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9347:
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9340:
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9334:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9310:
9306:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9272:
9268:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9248:
9246:
9244:
9243:Terms for God
9240:
9234:
9231:
9227:
9224:
9223:
9222:
9219:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9201:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9186:
9184:
9180:
9176:
9169:
9164:
9162:
9157:
9155:
9150:
9149:
9146:
9139:
9136:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9121:
9118:
9115:
9112:
9109:
9106:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9094:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9075:
9071:
9067:
9066:
9060:
9055:
9051:
9050:
9044:
9041:
9039:
9036:
9035:
9030:
9025:
9012:
9007:
9003:
8999:
8998:
8990:
8986:
8982:
8978:
8974:
8970:
8964:
8960:
8956:
8952:
8948:
8944:
8939:
8935:
8931:
8927:
8921:
8917:
8913:
8909:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8892:
8888:
8886:9780199920082
8882:
8878:
8874:
8870:
8866:
8861:
8859:
8855:
8851:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8838:
8834:
8831:
8830:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8806:
8802:
8798:
8794:
8790:
8786:
8782:
8777:
8775:
8771:
8767:
8763:
8761:
8757:
8753:
8750:
8746:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8726:
8722:
8718:
8714:
8710:
8706:
8701:
8699:
8695:
8691:
8687:
8685:
8681:
8677:
8673:
8670:
8666:
8662:
8660:9781451472301
8656:
8652:
8651:
8646:
8642:
8640:
8635:
8631:
8627:
8624:
8620:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8608:
8603:
8601:0-520-06459-3
8597:
8592:
8591:
8584:
8581:
8577:
8575:
8571:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8557:9781405159548
8553:
8549:
8548:
8542:
8540:
8536:
8532:
8528:
8525:
8524:
8503:
8502:
8497:
8490:
8484:
8479:
8464:
8460:
8454:
8446:
8440:
8426:
8422:
8415:
8413:
8404:
8400:
8394:
8388:
8382:
8367:
8363:
8356:
8342:
8338:
8331:
8325:
8320:
8306:on 2011-07-23
8305:
8301:
8297:
8291:
8276:
8272:
8266:
8251:
8247:
8241:
8226:
8222:
8216:
8201:
8197:
8190:
8174:
8170:
8164:
8149:
8145:
8138:
8123:
8119:
8113:
8097:
8093:
8092:"VeggieTales"
8087:
8071:
8067:
8061:
8045:
8041:
8035:
8019:
8015:
8009:
8001:
7999:9789888139996
7995:
7991:
7987:
7983:
7976:
7970:
7969:
7962:
7955:
7947:
7943:
7936:
7932:
7925:
7921:
7915:. No. 1.
7914:
7910:
7903:
7899:
7892:
7888:
7881:
7880:The Economist
7877:
7871:
7867:
7860:
7856:
7855:The Telegraph
7851:
7843:
7835:
7829:
7814:
7813:
7805:
7789:
7785:
7779:
7772:
7768:
7764:
7760:
7754:
7743:
7737:
7730:. p. 20.
7726:
7720:
7713:. p. 23.
7709:
7702:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7687:(2015, p. 15)
7686:
7683:Xiuhua Wang,
7678:
7671:
7667:
7666:
7662:
7661:
7655:
7648:
7642:
7635:
7630:
7622:
7616:
7597:
7590:
7585:
7581:
7576:
7574:
7566:
7560:
7551:
7549:
7547:
7539:
7538:
7533:
7528:
7521:
7516:
7509:
7505:
7502:
7497:
7495:
7486:
7480:
7461:
7454:
7449:
7445:
7440:
7438:
7429:
7423:
7404:
7397:
7392:
7388:
7383:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7367:
7360:
7356:
7352:
7351:
7347:
7344:
7337:
7330:
7329:
7322:
7320:
7318:
7316:
7314:
7306:
7303:
7299:
7296:
7290:
7288:
7280:
7276:
7273:
7267:
7265:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7246:
7238:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7217:
7210:
7204:
7189:
7185:
7179:
7177:
7160:
7154:
7148:
7144:
7140:
7139:
7135:
7132:
7125:
7123:
7121:
7119:
7117:
7115:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7093:
7091:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7074:
7070:
7067:
7060:
7058:
7048:
7039:
7030:
7028:
7018:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6998:
6988:
6986:
6976:
6969:. April 2020.
6968:
6961:
6955:
6946:
6944:
6934:
6926:
6922:
6918:
6911:
6909:
6900:
6899:
6894:
6887:
6878:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6854:
6850:
6846:
6844:9780231207058
6840:
6836:
6832:
6828:
6824:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6797:
6791:
6787:
6786:
6778:
6771:
6766:
6760:
6755:
6747:
6743:
6737:
6729:
6725:
6719:
6711:
6709:9789622014534
6705:
6701:
6700:
6692:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6669:
6663:
6657:
6653:
6647:
6640:
6634:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6610:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6578:
6573:
6566:
6562:
6556:
6549:
6543:
6536:
6530:
6524:
6520:
6514:
6500:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6481:
6467:
6461:
6457:
6452:
6451:
6442:
6440:
6431:
6427:
6421:
6414:
6409:
6402:
6397:
6390:
6384:
6378:(2005): 1–29.
6377:
6371:
6364:
6358:
6349:
6343:
6339:
6335:
6329:
6321:
6315:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6299:
6297:
6287:
6278:
6270:
6268:9780227905968
6264:
6260:
6259:
6251:
6242:
6235:
6227:
6221:
6217:
6210:
6208:
6200:
6194:
6179:
6175:
6174:
6166:
6164:
6154:
6147:
6145:
6137:
6131:
6124:
6118:
6112:, p. xv.
6111:
6106:
6099:
6095:
6089:
6082:
6076:
6069:
6058:
6052:
6048:
6047:
6039:
6032:
6021:
6015:
6011:
6010:
6002:
5994:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5972:
5966:
5958:
5952:
5948:
5947:
5939:
5931:
5925:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5908:
5906:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5880:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5856:
5849:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5815:on 2020-02-07
5814:
5810:
5809:
5801:
5799:
5790:
5786:
5782:
5775:
5769:
5764:
5753:
5752:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5740:Ricci, Matteo
5735:
5727:
5725:0-312-23338-8
5721:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5709:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5685:
5684:
5676:
5661:
5660:
5653:
5638:
5637:
5630:
5615:
5614:
5607:
5600:. p. 79.
5599:
5592:
5584:
5577:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5552:
5545:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5509:
5503:
5495:
5489:
5485:
5478:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5451:
5443:
5437:
5433:
5426:
5419:p. 1231.
5418:
5417:
5408:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5389:
5382:
5376:
5369:
5364:
5357:
5351:
5344:
5338:
5330:
5323:
5315:
5309:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5286:
5277:
5275:
5265:
5263:
5261:
5259:
5244:on 2018-05-08
5243:
5239:
5233:
5224:
5217:. 2020-09-15.
5216:
5215:
5214:The Economist
5210:
5204:
5202:
5193:
5187:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5136:
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5128:
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5120:
5116:
5110:
5101:
5097:
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5084:
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5079:
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5072:
5069:
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5059:
5057:
5054:
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5049:
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5024:
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5019:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5009:
4998:
4995:
4989:
4984:
4977:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4964:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4947:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4851:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4785:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4769:
4765:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:Christian art
4676:Art and media
4673:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4662:Zhuang people
4653:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4622:George Hunter
4618:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4585:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4561:
4546:
4544:
4540:
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4528:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4491:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4467:
4463:
4458:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4412:Protestantism
4411:
4410:
4406:
4395:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4336:
4333:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4291:
4287:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:1,340,388,467
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4208:
4205:
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4199:
4196:
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4184:
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4178:
4176:
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4172:
4169:
4166:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4129:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4111:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4078:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3931:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3874:
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3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3859:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3748:
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3740:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3592:
3591:
3572:
3571:
3553:Denomination
3551:
3545:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3501:
3500:
3481:
3480:
3462:Denomination
3460:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3223:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3107:Korean people
3097:
3095:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3068:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2991:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2954:
2936:
2932:
2923:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2881:
2876:
2874:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2839:(CCP) led by
2838:
2827:
2815:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2764:
2760:
2751:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2715:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:Chen Chonggui
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2539:Lancang River
2535:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2488:
2479:
2478:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2456:Secular books
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:Episcopalians
2443:
2439:
2438:Presbyterians
2435:
2431:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2390:Hudson Taylor
2387:
2383:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2273:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2242:
2240:
2234:
2221:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2159:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:Manchu people
2134:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2107:
2106:Pope Pius XII
2103:
2098:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2043:productions.
2041:
2040:François Noël
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1897:
1894:labor on the
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:Rashid al-Din
1836:
1835:Isa Kelemechi
1831:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1738:Rabban Marcos
1735:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:Mongol Empire
1706:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1660:
1658:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:decreed that
1643:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1526:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1442:
1440:
1430:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1367:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1341:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1206:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1169:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:South America
1095:
1094:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1002:
1001:United States
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
888:
885:
884:North America
880:
879:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
851:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
739:Liechtenstein
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
628:
623:
622:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
515:
511:
510:
509:
508:
505:
504:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
331:
328:
323:
322:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
164:Guinea-Bissau
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
67:
65:
62:
60:
57:
55:
52:
50:
47:
46:
43:
38:
37:
31:
27:
26:
23:
20:
19:
16:
12149:
11944:Architecture
11838:Confirmation
11786:Ecclesiology
11717:Original sin
11707:Nicene Creed
11504:Old Catholic
11388:Papal States
11320:Great Church
11286:Resurrection
11228:Christianity
11185:New Covenant
11136:(Scriptures)
11081:Christianity
10980:Dependencies
10910:Turkmenistan
10875:Saudi Arabia
10729:
10624:
10478:Baháʼí Faith
10426:Christianity
10425:
10394:Confucianism
10145:House church
10044:Liu Xiaofeng
10039:Lin Shengben
9979:Ying Lianzhi
9919:Watchman Nee
9894:Feng Yuxiang
9884:Cheng Jingyi
9828:Yang Tingyun
9538:
9528:Eric Liddell
9430:Matteo Ricci
9327:Canaan Hymns
9194:Christianity
9174:
9063:
9028:
9005:
8984:
8942:
8899:
8868:
8845:
8832:
8784:
8765:
8755:
8754:Varg, Paul.
8748:
8738:
8720:
8708:
8704:
8689:
8675:
8668:
8649:
8633:
8622:
8612:
8589:
8579:
8565:
8546:
8530:
8507:December 25,
8505:. Retrieved
8499:
8489:
8478:
8467:. Retrieved
8462:
8453:
8428:. Retrieved
8424:
8402:
8393:
8381:
8370:. Retrieved
8355:
8344:. Retrieved
8340:
8330:
8319:
8308:. Retrieved
8304:the original
8300:Beijing News
8299:
8290:
8279:. Retrieved
8277:. 2008-08-10
8274:
8265:
8254:. Retrieved
8252:. 2005-11-19
8249:
8240:
8229:. Retrieved
8225:the original
8215:
8203:. Retrieved
8199:
8189:
8177:. Retrieved
8172:
8163:
8151:. Retrieved
8147:
8137:
8125:. Retrieved
8121:
8112:
8100:. Retrieved
8095:
8086:
8074:. Retrieved
8069:
8060:
8048:. Retrieved
8043:
8034:
8022:. Retrieved
8017:
8008:
7981:
7975:
7966:
7960:
7954:
7945:
7934:
7923:
7912:
7901:
7890:
7879:
7876:"The Mekong"
7869:
7854:
7842:
7817:. Retrieved
7811:
7804:
7792:. Retrieved
7788:the original
7778:
7762:
7758:
7753:
7736:
7719:
7701:
7684:
7677:
7665:
7659:
7654:
7646:
7641:
7629:
7603:. Retrieved
7596:the original
7583:
7564:
7563:Nanlai Cao.
7559:
7540:, 2014-08-07
7535:
7527:
7515:
7467:. Retrieved
7460:the original
7447:
7410:. Retrieved
7403:the original
7390:
7366:
7341:
7336:
7326:
7304:
7293:Mark Ellis:
7270:Mark Ellis:
7253:
7245:
7222:
7216:
7208:
7203:
7192:. Retrieved
7190:. 2020-04-05
7187:
7165:September 2,
7163:. Retrieved
7153:
7129:
7097:
7064:
7047:
7038:
7017:
7008:
7003:
6975:
6966:
6954:
6933:
6925:the original
6920:
6896:
6886:
6876:
6822:
6799:. Retrieved
6784:
6777:
6765:
6754:
6745:
6736:
6727:
6718:
6698:
6691:
6680:
6675:
6667:
6662:
6651:
6646:
6638:
6633:
6622:
6617:
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6588:
6580:
6572:
6560:
6555:
6547:
6542:
6534:
6529:
6518:
6513:
6502:. Retrieved
6487:
6480:
6469:. Retrieved
6449:
6429:
6420:
6408:
6396:
6388:
6383:
6375:
6370:
6362:
6357:
6337:
6328:
6307:
6286:
6277:
6257:
6250:
6245:, p. 151–178
6240:
6234:
6215:
6198:
6193:
6182:. Retrieved
6172:
6152:
6135:
6130:
6122:
6117:
6105:
6097:
6093:
6088:
6080:
6075:
6066:
6060:. Retrieved
6045:
6038:
6029:
6023:. Retrieved
6008:
6001:
5978:
5974:
5965:
5945:
5938:
5918:
5887:
5864:
5859:
5848:
5838:
5828:
5817:, retrieved
5813:the original
5807:
5789:the original
5774:
5763:
5757:(in Chinese)
5751:
5747:
5746:《天主實義》 [
5744:
5734:
5711:
5707:
5682:
5675:
5664:. Retrieved
5658:
5652:
5641:. Retrieved
5635:
5629:
5618:. Retrieved
5612:
5606:
5597:
5596:Halbertsma.
5591:
5585:. p. 9.
5582:
5576:
5565:. Retrieved
5554:
5544:
5512:
5502:
5483:
5477:
5466:. Retrieved
5460:
5450:
5431:
5425:
5414:
5407:
5397:
5388:
5380:
5375:
5363:
5355:
5350:
5342:
5337:
5328:
5322:
5308:
5295:
5285:
5246:. Retrieved
5242:the original
5232:
5223:
5212:
5180:
5170:
5109:
5100:
5008:China portal
4974:sinicisation
4967:
4960:
4957:
4943:
4936:
4918:
4903:
4899:
4870:
4858:Billy Graham
4852:
4848:
4817:
4805:Duck Dynasty
4803:
4797:
4791:
4757:
4742:
4738:Canaan Hymns
4736:
4710:
4704:
4696:
4689:
4679:
4659:
4619:
4599:Christianity
4597:
4574:
4508:
4471:
4468:in Hong Kong
4433:
4428:
4306:Protestants
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
3613:
3522:
3446:
3437:
3434:
3414:
3391:
3388:Protestants.
3275:
3232:
3186:
3174:
3161:the Shouters
3150:
3140:
3127:
3103:
3091:
3065:
3053:Little Flock
3049:
3017:Jin Tianming
3005:
2994:
2986:
2960:
2920:
2900:
2896:
2877:
2870:
2850:
2834:
2824:January 2022
2821:
2813:
2770:World War II
2767:
2739:
2732:
2723:Lee Sun Chau
2716:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2687:missionaries
2684:
2663:Feng Yuxiang
2652:
2609:
2601:Cheng Jingyi
2589:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2523:
2519:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2484:
2475:
2459:
2426:
2422:
2402:
2378:
2358:
2342:
2316:Confucianism
2312:foot binding
2296:Hong Xiuquan
2288:treaty ports
2285:
2269:
2248:
2245:Hostile laws
2236:
2220:Gospel tract
2197:
2188:
2146:
2130:
2122:Qing dynasty
2119:
2045:
2008:Matteo Ricci
1993:
1987:
1949:
1917:
1892:Matteo Ricci
1878:adoring the
1870:, depicting
1865:
1858:frontispiece
1847:circumcision
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1753:
1749:Ming dynasty
1742:
1731:
1723:Yuan dynasty
1715:Genghis Khan
1708:
1666:
1662:
1654:
1635:
1620:
1608:Nestorianism
1605:
1590:
1579:
1570:
1557:
1548:Early period
1484:
1464:
1453:
1438:Jīdū jiào tú
1436:
1426:
1412:
1402:
1386:Tiānzhǔ jiào
1384:
1374:
1368:
1361:
1351:
1315:
1277:
1256:
1244:Yuan dynasty
1232:Tang dynasty
1216:Christianity
1214:
595:Saudi Arabia
486:Turkmenistan
358:
274:South Africa
264:Sierra Leone
69:Burkina Faso
15:
12205:Persecution
12140:Christendom
12133:Cooperation
12070:Charismatic
11981:Holy Spirit
11890:Natural law
11853:Holy orders
11702:Christology
11695:Holy Spirit
11564:Pentecostal
11544:Evangelical
11539:Charismatic
11383:Monasticism
11375:Middle Ages
11338:Constantine
11281:Crucifixion
11163:Foundations
11039:Asia portal
10940:States with
10860:Philippines
10800:South Korea
10795:North Korea
10690:Afghanistan
10518:Manichaeism
10064:Wang Weifan
10054:Matthias Lu
10034:Samuel Lamb
9989:Paul Yu Pin
9964:Wu Leichuan
9899:Francis Hsu
9801:prominence)
9553:By province
9508:Lottie Moon
9354:Xi'an Stele
9182:Foundations
8014:"Relient K"
7605:13 December
7537:China Daily
7469:13 December
7412:13 December
6770:Bays (2012)
5115:Han Chinese
4970:Wang Huning
4904:During the
4895:Palm Sunday
4420:Catholicism
3998:104,303,132
3304:population.
3111:South Korea
2871:During the
2744:Au Fung-Chi
2675:Lottie Moon
2655:Sun Yat-sen
2632:Wu Leichuan
2329:Sun Yat-sen
2097:Ex illa die
2048:Franciscans
2004:cartography
1996:mathematics
1808:Qingzhen si
1593:Xi'an Stele
1505:Xi'an Stele
1477:missionary
1306:Terminology
1260:Protestants
1236:Catholicism
1051:New Zealand
986:Saint Lucia
936:El Salvador
839:Switzerland
774:Netherlands
514:Middle East
456:Philippines
404:South Korea
399:North Korea
334:Afghanistan
279:South Sudan
169:Ivory Coast
12119:Prosperity
12095:Liberation
12035:Cathedrals
12020:Pilgrimage
12005:Literature
11882:Philosophy
11818:Sacraments
11791:Four marks
11752:Protestant
11727:Born again
11524:Anabaptist
11514:Protestant
11456:Influences
11418:Modern era
11122:By country
10920:Uzbekistan
10895:Tajikistan
10810:Kyrgyzstan
10790:Kazakhstan
10710:Bangladesh
10700:Azerbaijan
10453:Falun Gong
10431:Protestant
10171:Opium Wars
10138:Seminaries
10084:Zhao Fusan
10079:Allen Yuan
10059:K. H. Ting
10049:Lü Xiaomin
10019:He Guanghu
9969:Wu Yi-fang
9934:Sun Yatsen
9914:Ma Xiangbo
9904:Jia Yuming
9874:T. C. Chao
9856:Xi Shengmo
9823:Xu Guangqi
9818:Candida Xu
9555:and region
9470:Protestant
8469:2020-07-21
8430:2020-07-21
8372:2008-08-08
8346:2008-08-08
8310:2008-08-10
8281:2008-08-10
8256:2012-02-29
8231:2007-08-18
8200:YouVersion
7819:2011-06-28
7194:2020-04-06
6801:28 October
6795:0340241837
6504:2010-06-28
6471:2010-06-28
6184:2011-07-06
6062:2012-03-02
6025:2012-03-02
5819:2018-01-02
5666:2011-05-08
5643:2011-05-08
5620:2011-07-06
5583:Ching Feng
5567:2023-03-02
5468:2023-03-02
5248:2024-05-26
5157:References
4963:Open Doors
4953:Xi Jinping
4855:evangelist
4840:Three-Self
4828:See also:
4814:YouVersion
4799:The Chosen
4474:Protestant
4331:Guangdong
4309:Catholics
4280:28,327,679
4215:21,813,334
4161:25,575,254
4143:37,327,378
4106:45,966,239
4088:34,746,468
4070:80,418,200
4052:28,846,170
4016:46,026,629
3980:65,683,722
3962:57,237,740
3944:94,023,567
3926:95,793,065
3908:44,567,475
3890:36,894,216
3872:59,500,510
3854:54,426,891
3836:78,659,903
3818:23,019,148
3800:38,312,224
3782:27,462,297
3764:43,746,323
3746:24,706,321
3728:35,712,111
3710:71,854,202
3692:12,938,224
3674:19,612,368
3658:Population
3593:Protestant
3502:Protestant
3380:2010: the
3259:in Beijing
3113:after the
3034:Xi Jinping
3021:Jin Mingri
2873:Korean War
2845:Kuomintang
2841:Mao Zedong
2789:Since 1949
2671:Lin Yutang
2636:T. C. Chao
2616:Chen Duxiu
2573:ethnicity.
2472:Opposition
2442:Methodists
2333:Mao Zedong
2308:theocratic
2016:Xu Guangqi
1964:Ilha Verde
1912:See also:
1812:Le-pae sze
1745:Franciscan
1567: 330
1552:See also:
1467:Antiochian
1414:Zhèng jiào
1041:Micronesia
916:Costa Rica
809:San Marino
769:Montenegro
749:Luxembourg
530:Azerbaijan
491:Uzbekistan
476:Tajikistan
411:Kyrgyzstan
389:Kazakhstan
364:East Timor
339:Bangladesh
259:Seychelles
224:Mozambique
209:Mauritania
194:Madagascar
84:Cape Verde
12195:Criticism
12145:Ecumenism
12109:Mysticism
12075:Democracy
12065:Anarchism
12052:Movements
12015:Mythology
11993:Catechism
11988:Education
11905:Evolution
11828:Eucharist
11811:Canon law
11769:Theotokos
11764:Mariology
11722:Salvation
11712:Tradition
11559:Methodist
11519:Adventist
11353:Chalcedon
11006:Hong Kong
10960:Palestine
10885:Sri Lanka
10880:Singapore
10760:Indonesia
10574:Northeast
10564:Hong Kong
10557:By region
10498:Dongbaism
10483:Benzhuism
10014:Joseph Gu
9929:John Sung
9539:(more...)
8977:1877-6264
8934:1874-6691
8819:1874-6691
8275:China Aid
8066:"DC Talk"
7946:Bloomberg
7935:GoKunming
7891:GoKunming
7828:cite book
7794:2 January
7771:2160-0295
7359:2192-9289
7227:Routledge
7147:2192-9289
5556:FRONTLINE
5536:123079516
5518:Doubleday
5508:Chua, Amy
5162:Citations
5123:Hong Kong
4893:attended
4886:in 2008.
4873:President
4853:American
4818:Superbook
4793:Superbook
4697:Tian Feng
4690:There is
4624:with the
4620:In 1904,
4545:in 1814.
4503:Dominican
4451:Hong Kong
4373:Shanghai
4345:Liaoning
4303:Province
4233:7,061,200
4197:6,301,350
4179:5,626,722
4124:3,002,166
4034:8,671,518
4005:1,043,031
3951:5,735,437
3933:1,159,096
3915:1,029,508
3897:1,291,298
3879:3,153,527
3861:1,425,984
3843:2,076,621
3717:2,191,553
3375:Estimates
3187:In 2010,
3121:, in the
3088:in Harbin
2763:John Sung
2450:Wesleyans
2028:astrology
2024:astronomy
2000:astronomy
1950:With the
1945:Guangdong
1784:Hwuy-hwuy
1776:Hwuy-tsze
1760:Hwuy-hwuy
1743:In 1294,
1727:Khanbaliq
1612:Nestorius
1541:'Phags-pa
1460:Turkestan
1456:Sassanids
1264:Catholics
1161:Venezuela
1106:Argentina
1021:Australia
971:Nicaragua
946:Guatemala
744:Lithuania
585:Palestine
466:Sri Lanka
461:Singapore
379:Indonesia
369:Hong Kong
214:Mauritius
12264:Category
12249:Category
12114:Pacifism
11928:features
11912:Politics
11865:Ablution
11833:Marriage
11737:Catholic
11667:Theology
11574:Reformed
11554:Lutheran
11549:Holiness
11529:Anglican
11499:Catholic
11403:Crusades
11348:Nicaea I
11298:Apostles
11271:Miracles
11266:Parables
11256:Ministry
11246:Nativity
11210:timeline
11107:Prophets
11102:Glossary
11029:Category
10950:Abkhazia
10900:Thailand
10855:Pakistan
10835:Mongolia
10830:Maldives
10825:Malaysia
10725:Cambodia
10503:Hinduism
10441:Orthodox
10404:Buddhism
10074:Y. T. Wu
10006:Republic
10004:People's
9954:Paul Wei
9866:Republic
9851:Liang Fa
9478:Agencies
9388:Catholic
9123:Archived
9093:Archived
9056:(1908).
9004:(1868).
8719:(1991).
8647:(2016).
8632:(1929).
8439:cite web
8366:Archived
8205:March 5,
8179:March 5,
8153:March 5,
8127:March 5,
8102:March 5,
8076:March 5,
8050:March 5,
8040:"Lecrae"
8024:March 5,
7926:. Paris.
7859:Archived
7690:Archived
7615:cite web
7504:Archived
7479:cite web
7422:cite web
7346:Archived
7298:Archived
7275:Archived
7134:Archived
7069:Archived
6746:cnac.org
6352:, p. 208
6336:(1991).
6306:(1991).
5983:Nettetal
5742:(1603),
5510:(2007).
5147:Xinjiang
4980:See also
4910:American
4908:, three
4845:in 2008.
4753:QQ Music
4646:Yengisar
4630:Xinjiang
4603:Xinjiang
4588:Xinjiang
4478:Catholic
3655:Province
3573:Catholic
3482:Catholic
3477:Average
3402:Zhejiang
3177:dioceses
2858:Holy See
2628:Y. T. Wu
2434:Baptists
2320:Buddhism
2276:Liang Fa
2167:Zhejiang
2068:idolatry
1864:'s 1667
1816:Libai si
1646:Buddhism
1560:Arnobius
1537:Quanzhou
1492:Arnobius
1489:—
1475:Assyrian
1363:Zàowùzhǔ
1151:Suriname
1141:Paraguay
1126:Colombia
1031:Kiribati
956:Honduras
926:Dominica
901:Barbados
864:Scotland
824:Slovenia
819:Slovakia
794:Portugal
664:Bulgaria
481:Thailand
451:Pakistan
436:Mongolia
431:Maldives
426:Malaysia
354:Cambodia
314:Zimbabwe
289:Tanzania
139:Ethiopia
134:Eswatini
114:Djibouti
79:Cameroon
64:Botswana
12178:Related
11971:Trinity
11936:Culture
11900:Science
11870:Hygiene
11860:Mission
11843:Penance
11823:Baptism
11759:Worship
11732:Liturgy
11680:Trinity
11591:Eastern
11569:Quakers
11534:Baptist
11491:Western
11481:members
11251:Baptism
11205:History
11195:Worship
11097:Outline
10925:Vietnam
10840:Myanmar
10820:Lebanon
10750:Georgia
10705:Bahrain
10695:Armenia
10593:Related
10543:Sikhism
10508:Judaism
10488:Bimoism
10069:Wang Yi
9984:Dora Yu
9674:Central
9261:Shangdi
9251:Tianzhu
8898:(ed.).
8783:(ed.).
8758:(1958)
8741:(2015)
8607:Excerpt
8501:Reuters
8403:AP NEWS
8341:Reuters
8122:CBN.com
7918:Staff.
7004:Dui Hua
6627:excerpt
6458:, 114.
6100:(1929).
6031:regard:
5916:(ed.),
5581:Keung.
5139:Qinghai
5135:Ningxia
4932:Vatican
4930:to the
4928:loyalty
4880:Beijing
4820:games.
4774:to the
4666:Guangxi
4656:Guangxi
4642:Yarkant
4638:Kashgar
4531:Cai Gao
4505:priests
4251:552,300
4240:826,160
4222:218,133
4168:127,876
4150:586,040
4113:597,561
4095:343,990
4077:546,844
4059:302,885
4041:~41,623
4023:119,669
3987:505,765
3969:331,979
3825:598,498
3807:843,033
3789:549,246
3771:962,419
3753:494,126
3735:774,953
3699:195,367
3681:152,976
3406:Wenzhou
3329:Shaanxi
3325:Sichuan
3321:Jiangsu
3255:Inside
3246:Tianjin
3152:xiéjiào
2903:Vatican
2814:updated
2768:During
2547:Tibetan
2495:Tianzhu
2304:Nanjing
2179:Shaanxi
2102:obliged
2086:issued
1788:Hui Hui
1756:Hui Hui
1539:with a
1511:and in
1509:Chinese
1445:History
1441:).
1428:Jīdū tú
1322:Shangdi
1156:Uruguay
1131:Ecuador
1111:Bolivia
1086:Vanuatu
1014:Oceania
961:Jamaica
941:Grenada
896:Bahamas
854:England
844:Ukraine
799:Romania
759:Moldova
719:Ireland
714:Iceland
709:Hungary
699:Germany
689:Finland
684:Estonia
679:Denmark
674:Czechia
669:Croatia
654:Belgium
649:Belarus
644:Austria
639:Andorra
634:Albania
575:Lebanon
545:Georgia
535:Bahrain
525:Armenia
496:Vietnam
441:Myanmar
299:Tunisia
269:Somalia
254:Senegal
239:Nigeria
229:Namibia
219:Morocco
184:Liberia
179:Lesotho
129:Eritrea
99:Comoros
74:Burundi
49:Algeria
11895:Ethics
11776:Saints
11685:Father
11604:Church
11216:spread
11180:Gospel
11170:Church
11112:People
10970:Taiwan
10905:Turkey
10870:Russia
10805:Kuwait
10785:Jordan
10775:Israel
10735:Cyprus
10720:Brunei
10715:Bhutan
10399:Taoism
10237:Impact
10154:Events
9374:Alopen
9026:about
9011:online
8989:online
8975:
8965:
8947:Leiden
8932:
8922:
8904:Leiden
8883:
8856:
8839:
8817:
8807:
8789:Leiden
8772:
8760:online
8743:online
8727:
8696:
8682:
8657:
8639:online
8617:online
8598:
8572:
8554:
8537:
7996:
7769:
7357:
7233:
7145:
7104:
7080:
6851:
6841:
6792:
6724:"Home"
6706:
6685:Online
6656:Online
6605:
6565:online
6523:online
6495:
6462:
6344:
6316:
6265:
6222:
6053:
6016:
5989:
5953:
5926:
5875:
5722:
5558:/World
5534:
5524:
5490:
5438:
5188:
5119:Hainan
4946:Linfen
4802:, and
4786:, and
4731:, and
4615:Muslim
4423:0.39%
4415:3.54%
4393:0.41%
4390:1.89%
4387:China
4359:Henan
4317:Gansu
4258:27,615
4204:73,726
4186:42,763
3565:30—40
3562:40—50
3559:50—60
3421:Donglu
3341:Fujian
3198:temple
3094:Harbin
2862:nuncio
2782:Taiwan
2665:, and
2543:Yunnan
2510:Yuxian
2462:Bibles
2448:, and
2175:Shanxi
2038:, and
2002:, and
1886:while
1884:Heaven
1782:) or "
1780:Hui zi
1719:papacy
1601:Alopen
1575:Serica
1562:(died
1513:Syriac
1479:Alopen
1353:Zhǔzǎi
1286:, the
1240:Mongol
1136:Guyana
1116:Brazil
1081:Tuvalu
976:Panama
966:Mexico
911:Canada
906:Belize
834:Sweden
814:Serbia
804:Russia
789:Poland
784:Norway
764:Monaco
734:Latvia
729:Kosovo
704:Greece
694:France
627:Europe
605:Turkey
570:Kuwait
565:Jordan
560:Israel
540:Cyprus
471:Taiwan
349:Brunei
344:Bhutan
309:Zambia
304:Uganda
244:Rwanda
199:Malawi
159:Guinea
149:Gambia
54:Angola
42:Africa
12104:Right
12010:Music
11961:Jesus
11926:Other
11781:Angel
11236:Jesus
11226:Early
11175:Creed
11144:Canon
11132:Bible
11092:Index
11011:Macau
10930:Yemen
10890:Syria
10865:Qatar
10845:Nepal
10780:Japan
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