1377:
1389:
1340:
31:
1687:"But so mysterious were all the actions of Jesus, that this one served many ends. For 1. It gave demonstration of the verity of human nature. 2. So he began to fulfill the law. 3. And took from himself the scandal of uncircumcision, which would eternally have prejudiced the Jews against his entertainment and communion. 4. And then he took upon him that name, which declared him to be the Savior of the world; which as it was consummate in the blood of the cross, so it was inaugurated in the blood of circumcision: for "when eight days were accomplished for circumcising of the Child, his name was called Jesus." - Taylor, 51
354:
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856:
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380:(1983, 2nd edition 1996), explores the explicit depiction of Christ's penis in art, which he argues became a new focus of attention in late medieval art, initially covered only by a transparent veil in the early 14th century, and by the second half of the century completely uncovered, and often being the subject of the gaze or gestures of other figures in the scene. This emphasis is, among other things, a demonstration of Christ's humanity when it appears in depictions of the
262:
1248:
1240:
222:. And she had a son who was a druggist, to whom she said, "Take heed thou sell not this alabaster box of spikenard-ointment, although thou shouldst be offered three hundred pence for it. Now this is that alabaster-box which Mary the sinner procured, and poured forth the ointment out of it upon the head and feet of our Lord Jesus Christ, and wiped it off with the hairs of her head".
550:, the prophet of the Presentation, regarded by then as a High Priest of the Temple, performing the operation on Jesus held by Mary. In other depictions he is a figure in the background, sometimes holding up his hands and looking to heaven, as in the Signorelli. An altarpiece of 1500 by another Venetian painter,
303:, as a priest comes towards them with a small knife. This is typical of the early depictions, which avoid showing the operation itself. At the period of Jesus's birth, the actual Jewish practice was for the operation to be performed at home, usually by the father, and Joseph is shown using the knife in an
213:
contains the first reference to the survival of Christ's severed foreskin. The second chapter has the following story: "And when the time of his circumcision was come, namely, the eighth day, on which the law commanded the child to be circumcised, they circumcised him in a cave. And the old Hebrew
589:
in 1563 discouraged nudity in religious art, even that of the infant Jesus, which made depicting the scene difficult. Even before this, 16th-century depictions like those of
Bellini, Dürer and Signorelli tended to discreetly hide Jesus's penis from view, in contrast to earlier compositions, where
466:
in a similar vein, with the baby not held by his parents and the officiating Jewish officials given stereotypic features. In at least one manuscript miniature women are shown performing the rite, which has been interpreted as a misogynistic trope, with circumcision represented as a form of
801:
around the world on
January 1 each year, and is now renamed as the Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus. The practice ended, however, when thieves stole the jewel-encrusted case, contents and all. Following this theft, it is unclear whether any purported Holy Prepuces still exist.
258:. Perhaps for this reason, the subject of the circumcision of Christ was extremely rare in Christian art of the 1st millennium, and there appear to be no surviving examples until the very end of the period, although literary references suggest it was sometimes depicted.
323:. Like most later depictions these are shown taking place in a large building, probably representing the Temple, though in fact the ceremony was never performed there. Medieval pilgrims to the Holy Land were told Jesus had been circumcised in the church at
1446:"The contrast however between the fullness of detail with which this point is elaborated and coloured in the life of the Baptist, and the barrenness with which it is stated in reference to Jesus, is striking, and may justify an agreement with the remark of
346:, the aspect which was eventually to become most prominent in Catholic thinking. Both in this respect and in terms of finding a place in a pictorial cycle, consideration of the circumcision put it in a kind of competition with the much better established
645:. Medieval and Renaissance theologians repeatedly stressed this, also drawing attention to the suffering of Jesus as a demonstration of his humanity and a foreshadowing of his Passion. These themes were continued by Protestant theologians like
649:, who in a treatise of 1657 argued that Jesus's circumcision proved his human nature while fulfilling the law of Moses. Taylor also notes that had Jesus been uncircumcised, it would have made Jews substantially less receptive to his
1562:
Schreckenberg illustrates four examples on pp. 143–146, two from manuscripts of c. 1400 (performed by a woman) and c. 1440, and two panels from altarpieces of c. 1450 and 1519. See also
Abramson and Hannon, pp. 98, 102–108; Penny,
569:
The scene was often included in
Protestant art, where this included narrative scenes. It appears on baptismal fonts because of the connection made by theologians with baptism. A painting (1661,
732:, before the two were separated, and now that the Feast of the Circumcision has disappeared as such from the official Catholic calendar, the other feast may be regarded as celebrating this too.
238:, the leading proponent of this position, discouraged circumcision as a qualification for conversion to Christianity. Circumcision soon became rare in most of the Christian world, except the
1376:
2262:
444:
Other late medieval and
Renaissance depictions of circumcision in general show antipathy towards Judaism; caricatures show the procedure as being grotesquely cruel and the
728:
who worship according to the classical Roman Rite (that follows the
General Roman Calendar promulgated in 1962). It was for many centuries combined on January 1 with the
1388:
203:
to speculate that the author of the Gospel of Luke might have assumed the circumcision to be historical fact, or might have been relating it as recalled by someone else.
762:
powers have been ascribed to it. A number of churches in Europe have claimed to possess Jesus' foreskin, sometimes at the same time. The best known was in the
3026:
1544:, Rosalynn Voaden (ed), 2005, Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. She says she knows of only one other medieval Jewish image of the subject.
334:
of the event influenced the treatment in art. As the first drawing of Christ's blood, it was also seen as a forerunner of, or even the first scene of, the
1537:
566:
would have had to pass learned scrutiny, so the conflation was evidently capable of theological approval, although some complaints are also recorded.
330:
The scene gradually became increasingly common in the art of the
Western church, and increasingly rare in Orthodox art. Various themes in theological
581:
are both unusual in showing the ceremony taking place in a stable. By this period large depictions were rarer in
Catholic art, not least because the
3072:
3021:
1708:: "On the eighth day, when it was time to circumcise the child, he was named Jesus, the name the angel had given him before he was conceived." (
1339:
1540:, Regensburg Pentateuch, Israel Museum, Jerusalem; Cod. 180/52, fol. 81b. This image is discussed at length by Eva Frojmovic in pp. 228–238 of
1321:
546:
for the safe birth of an eldest son, although the reason for their popularity remains unclear. They followed some other depictions in showing
231:
441:. Other depictions show the baby held by Mary or Joseph, or both. Many show another baby in the background, presumably the next in the queue.
1303:
247:
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on the vaults of the temple setting. There were a number of comparable works, some commissioned in circumstances where it is clear that the
1291:
2919:
1738:
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in about 1500 and was extremely popular, with at least 34 copies or versions being produced over the following decades; the nearest to a
477:
with many scenes in
Northern Europe, and began to be the main scene on the central panel in some cases, usually when commissioned by lay
1802:
Palazzo, Robert P. (2005). "The
Veneration of the Sacred Foreskin(s) of Baby Jesus - A Documented Analysis". In James P. Helfers (ed.).
1589:
660:
celebration of the circumcision, eight days (according to the Semitic and southern European calculation of intervals of days) after his
554:(National Gallery, London), is a thoroughgoing conflation of the Circumcision and Presentation, with the text of Simeon's prophecy, the
1625:
938:
2097:
709:
2865:
1696:
In the northern European calculation, which abstracts from the day from which the count begins, the interval was of seven days.
1358:
1275:
17:
3041:
1996:
1895:
1803:
973:
1835:
Abramson, Henry; Hannon, Carrie. "Depicting the Ambiguous Wound: Circumcision in Medieval Art". In Mark, Elizabeth Wyner.
140:, though it was for long celebrated on 1 January, as some other churches still do. A number of relics claiming to be the
2876:
2327:
2067:
618:
570:
113:
421:. This reflected what had by then become, and remains, standard Jewish practice, where the ceremony is performed in the
2308:
1224:
3046:
1958:
1944:
1930:
1916:
1887:
1866:
1844:
2681:
2129:
717:
696:
386:
and other scenes of Christ's childhood, and also a foreshadowing of Christ's Passion to come in the context of the
1613:
Penny, 118. The Marziale altarpiece is the subject of Penny's very comprehensive catalogue entry on pp. 104–121;
729:
133:
3036:
2025:
793:
containing the Holy Foreskin was paraded through the streets of this Italian village as recently as 1983 on the
716:
It finds no place in the present Roman Calendar of the new form of the Roman Rite, replaced on 1 January by the
503:. The devotion to the Holy Name was a strong feature of the theatrical and extremely popular preaching of Saint
3082:
2460:
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1219:
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1039:
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688:
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2475:
2399:
1995:
623:
The circumcision of Jesus has traditionally been seen, as explained in the popular 14th-century work the
101:
to be frequently depicted by artists. It was initially seen only as a scene in larger cycles, but by the
707:
wrote several cantatas for this Feast, "Beschneidung des Herrn" ("Circumcision of the Lord"), including
3005:
2737:
2303:
2050:
1331:
1268:
904:
638:
458:
299:. This has a scene which shows Mary and Joseph holding the baby Jesus outside a building, probably the
192:
71:
the child, his name was called Jesus, the name called by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.
315:, where it is next to plaques showing the very rare scenes (in Christian art) of the circumcisions of
2294:
1186:
1103:
926:
877:
794:
699:, there is a tendency toward associating the day more with the Holy Name of Jesus) and virtually all
30:
2893:
2384:
1450:, that here, at least, the author of the first chapter is no longer the originator." - Strauss, 217
1447:
1093:
1019:
884:
725:
542:, though attributed to his workshop. These appear to have been commissioned for homes, possibly as
539:
234:
was resolved in the 1st century, so that non-Jewish Christians were not obliged to be circumcised.
196:
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778:
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2332:
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347:
342:. Other interpretations developed based on it as the naming ceremony equivalent to Christian
339:
210:
97:
2596:
2490:
2424:
2347:
1582:
1132:
968:
664:, the occasion on which the child was formally given his name, Jesus, a name derived from
8:
2818:
2636:
2586:
2521:
2362:
2313:
2039:
1542:
Framing the Family: Narrative and Representation in the Medieval and Early Modern Periods
1412:
1243:
1076:
982:
978:
786:
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680:
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might be treated as an individual subject for a painting, or form the main subject in an
1977:
1819:
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2516:
2444:
2352:
2337:
1311:
1198:
1064:
1054:
1014:
806:
692:
482:
462:, devotes many pages to circumcision. Some late-medieval German depictions depict the
417:
214:
woman took the foreskin (others say she took the navel-string), and preserved it in an
151:
137:
125:
1705:
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1954:
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1108:
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meaning "salvation" or "saviour". It is first recorded from a church council held at
382:
335:
312:
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76:
1368:
187:
Luke's account of Jesus's circumcision is extremely short, particularly compared to
3000:
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2342:
1399:
1191:
1098:
1032:
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963:
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586:
531:
188:
1764:
Glick, 96, says that "there were at least a dozen or so available for veneration".
809:, all of his body parts – even those no longer attached – ascended as well. One,
2671:
2621:
2566:
2429:
1742:
1180:
1144:
1118:
1086:
814:
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630:
602:
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performs the operation. Such an arrangement is seen in a miniature from a German
304:
296:
155:
129:
102:
88:
634:
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2797:
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2616:
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551:
486:
408:
308:
191:'s much fuller description of his own circumcision in the third chapter of his
57:
1753:
3061:
2823:
2561:
2480:
2119:
2057:
2008:
1973:
1963:
1850:
1805:
Multicultural Europe and Cultural Exchange in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
1721:
1212:
1081:
1049:
837:
721:
695:(though in many revised Anglican calendars, such as the 1979 calendar of the
646:
625:
555:
535:
449:
373:
251:
239:
200:
92:
83:
which holds that males should be circumcised eight days after birth during a
519:; this often appears in paintings, as may a scroll held by an angel reading
27:
Event from the life of Jesus of Nazareth and common subject in Christian art
2777:
2581:
2290:
1991:
1251:
1124:
872:
865:
810:
751:
741:
657:
642:
453:
397:, later scenes may show the high priest alone holding the baby, as he or a
358:
141:
68:
261:
2995:
2802:
2656:
2414:
1059:
594:
563:
508:
282:
One of the earliest depictions to survive is a miniature in an important
1837:
The Covenant of Circumcision: New Perspectives on an Ancient Jewish Rite
2990:
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Marked in Your Flesh: Circumcision from Ancient Judea to Modern America
1327:
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84:
35:
1459:"The Lost Books of the Bible," New York: Bell Publishing Company, 1979
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578:
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Having borrowed the large architectural setting in the Temple of the
324:
283:
219:
215:
813:, reportedly went so far as to contend that the foreskin became the
350:; eventually the two scenes were to be conflated in some paintings.
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2843:
2601:
2536:
2531:
1785:
1515:
1513:
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171:
145:
1978:
The Whole works; with an essay biographical and critical, Volume 1
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2212:
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2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
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2013:
The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion
1646:
1239:
759:
574:
526:
A smaller composition in a horizontal format originated with the
412:
378:
The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion
343:
170:, commissioned by the Confraternity of the Holy Name of Jesus in
80:
79:
is traditionally observed 1 January. This is in keeping with the
1510:
206:
In addition to the canonical account in the Gospel of Luke, the
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in Rome, whose authenticity was confirmed by a vision of Saint
559:
527:
516:
512:
320:
60:
1754:
Calendar of the Church Year, according to the Episcopal Church
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2571:
2541:
2526:
2114:
747:
669:
426:
399:
316:
243:
95:
from the 10th century onwards, one of numerous events in the
91:. The circumcision of Christ became a very common subject in
53:
1939:, 1971 (English trans from German), Lund Humphries, London,
1839:, 2003, Lebanon, New Hampshire, Brandeis University Press,
777:
Most of the Holy Prepuces were lost or destroyed during the
2787:
1880:
Chaucerian play: comedy and control in the Canterbury tales
470:
By the 15th century the scene was often prominent in large
1494:
1492:
672:
in 567, although it was clearly already long-established.
1858:
1709:
485:, which were found in many cities. These often included
411:(1481), or Dürer's painting (right) and his influential
124:
is used, and is also celebrated on the same day by many
1980:(1657). Frederick Westley and A.H. Davis, London, 1835.
1489:
633:
was shed, and thus the beginning of the process of the
612:
590:
this evidence of his humanity is clearly displayed.
2026:Ancient Jew Review: On the Eighth Day of Christmas
609:, which both expounded the traditional symbolism.
583:interpretation of the decrees of the final session
2015:, 1996 (2nd edition), University of Chicago Press
1909:The Sixteenth Century Italian Paintings, Volume I
656:The "Feast of the Circumcision of our Lord" is a
3059:
2004:. New York: Benziger Brothers. pp. 101–107.
1736:Greek Orthodox Archdiocese calendar of Holy Days
1538:Image of Isaac's circumcision, Regensburg c1300
770:. In its gold reliquary, it was looted in the
1615:National Gallery page on Marziale Circumcision
232:circumcision controversy in early Christianity
2091:
1907:. National Gallery Catalogues (new series):
1269:
2920:Witness: Five Plays from the Gospel of Luke
1911:, 2004, National Gallery Publications Ltd,
1781:
1779:
1297:Scene from a German painted wood altarpiece
817:; however, this reference is unverifiable.
805:Other philosophers contended that with the
2098:
2084:
1276:
1262:
607:Our Lord in His Circumcision to His Father
357:Depiction of the Circumcision of Jesus by
1882:, 1988, University of California Press,
1776:
710:Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied, BWV 190
352:
260:
150:
29:
1801:
489:of members, though none are obvious in
437:in Hebrew from about 1300, showing the
14:
3073:Nativity of Jesus in the New Testament
3060:
1990:
1968:The Life of Jesus: Critically Examined
67:And when eight days were fulfilled to
2079:
2002:Meditations For Every Day In The Year
1970:, Chapman and Brothers, London, 1846.
1925:, 1992, The Magnes Press, Jerusalem,
758:of Christ, have surfaced and various
691:and is celebrated by churches of the
499:commissioned by the confraternity at
136:, in recent years on 3 January as an
1937:Iconography of Christian Art, Vol. I
613:Theological beliefs and celebrations
225:
182:
2877:Jiizas: di Buk We Luuk Rait bout Im
2068:Presentation of Jesus at the Temple
1855:Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450-1660
797:, which was formerly marked by the
774:in 1527, but eventually recovered.
619:Feast of the Circumcision of Christ
571:National Gallery of Art, Washington
425:and the baby is held by the seated
24:
2105:
1984:
1808:. Turnhout: Brepols. p. 157.
1507:Schiller, 89; Schreckenberg, 78–79
403:performs the operation, as in the
25:
3094:
2019:
1519:Schiller, 89; Penny, 107, 117–118
974:Commissioning the Twelve Apostles
713:, for 1 January 1724 in Leipzig.
87:ceremony, at which they are also
1387:
1375:
1357:
1338:
1320:
1309:Altarpiece with scenes from the
1302:
1290:
1246:
1238:
854:
718:Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God
1795:
1767:
1758:
1747:
1729:
1715:
1699:
1690:
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1619:
1607:
1598:
1575:
1566:
1556:
1547:
1531:
1522:
730:Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus
689:pre-1960 General Roman Calendar
134:Feast of the Holy Name of Jesus
112:The event is celebrated as the
2481:Nunc dimittis (Song of Simeon)
1501:
1486:Schiller, 88–89, and plate 225
1480:
1471:
1462:
1453:
1440:
1429:
1040:Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
746:At various points in history,
593:Poems on the subject included
13:
1:
2486:Parable of the Unjust Steward
1997:"Circumcision of Jesus"
1953:, 1996, Continuum, New York,
1829:
1626:Rembrandt from NGA Washington
1382:Mid-18th-century Russian icon
900:Annunciation to the Shepherds
720:, but is still celebrated by
515:, which was also used by the
362:
272:
159:
52:is an event from the life of
39:
1923:Nazarene Jewish Christianity
679:appears on 1 January in the
521:Vocatum est nomen eius Jesum
7:
2859:Jerusalem school hypothesis
2476:New Wine into Old Wineskins
1857:, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn),
1406:
637:, and a demonstration that
10:
3099:
3006:Ohrid Glagolitic fragments
2328:Presentation at the Temple
2051:Adoration of the Shepherds
1741:February 13, 2008, at the
1396:The Circumcision of Christ
1365:The Circumcision of Christ
1332:Scuola Grande di San Rocco
905:Adoration of the Shepherds
820:
739:
641:, and of his obedience to
616:
459:On the Jews and Their Lies
246:(where circumcision was a
193:Epistle to the Philippians
3042:American Standard Version
3014:
2938:
2886:
2811:
2725:
2504:
2453:
2283:
2261:
2128:
2113:
2064:
2055:
2047:
2033:
1951:The Jews in Christian Art
1724:Feast of the Circumcision
927:Massacre of the Innocents
795:Feast of the Circumcision
735:
687:. It also appears in the
511:monogram as his personal
448:as a threatening figure;
148:of Jesus, have surfaced.
114:Feast of the Circumcision
2309:John the Baptist's Birth
1964:Strauss, David Friedrich
1792:, Tuesday, Dec. 19, 2006
1498:Schiller, 89; Penny, 116
1423:
1346:Die Beschneidung Christi
1330:, from the cycle in the
726:traditionalist Catholics
629:, as the first time the
540:National Gallery, London
197:Friedrich Schleiermacher
2829:Authorship of Luke–Acts
1722:Catholic Encyclopedia:
685:Eastern Orthodox Church
507:, who adopted Christ's
415:from his series on the
372:An influential book by
195:. This led theologians
118:Eastern Orthodox Church
2622:Mary, sister of Martha
2496:The four woes of Jesus
2304:Adoration of shepherds
2035:Circumcision of Jesus
1949:Schreckenburg, Heinz,
1138:Descent from the Cross
1050:Second coming prophecy
789:is noteworthy, as the
639:Christ was fully human
496:Circumcision of Christ
464:Circumcision of Christ
369:
292:Menologion of Basil II
287:illuminated manuscript
279:
268:Menologion of Basil II
179:
167:Circumcision of Christ
128:. It is celebrated by
73:
45:
18:Circumcision of Christ
3083:Life of Christ in art
3047:World English Version
2854:Two-gospel hypothesis
2612:Mary, mother of Jesus
2333:Finding in the Temple
1418:Ostentatio genitalium
944:Finding in the Temple
917:Adoration of the Magi
799:Roman Catholic Church
750:purporting to be the
705:Johann Sebastian Bach
601:and his contemporary
599:Upon the Circumcision
439:Circumcision of Isaac
356:
348:Presentation of Jesus
340:Seven Sorrows of Mary
338:, and was one of the
264:
211:Arabic Infancy Gospel
154:
75:The eight days after
65:
50:circumcision of Jesus
33:
2491:Rich man and Lazarus
2291:Annunciation to Mary
1583:Bartolomeo Veneto's
1553:Glick, 91-92; 98–102
2819:Luke the Evangelist
2587:Joseph of Arimathea
2363:Sermon on the Plain
2314:Census of Quirinius
1875:, OUP America, 2005
1645:Blunt, 118, citing
1468:Pritz, pp. 108–109.
1413:Chronology of Jesus
1077:Agony in the Garden
979:Sermon on the Mount
681:liturgical calendar
505:Bernardino of Siena
301:Temple of Jerusalem
252:pre-Christian times
218:-box of old oil of
56:, according to the
3037:King James Version
2907:(Penderecki, 1966)
2353:Calling of Matthew
1935:Schiller, Gertud.
1312:Life of the Virgin
1070:Paraclete promised
1065:Farewell Discourse
939:Return to Nazareth
807:Ascension of Jesus
787:Prepuce of Calcata
693:Anglican Communion
483:Holy Name of Jesus
456:treatise of 1543,
418:Life of the Virgin
370:
280:
180:
122:whichever calendar
46:
3055:
3054:
2871:Gospel of Marcion
2717:Seventy disciples
2637:Philip (tetrarch)
2390:Great Commandment
2375:Calming the storm
2358:Counting the cost
2299:and the shepherds
2279:
2278:
2074:
2073:
2065:Succeeded by
1896:978-0-520-06194-1
1878:Kendrick, Laura.
1286:
1285:
1150:Harrowing of Hell
922:Flight into Egypt
849:
848:
846:canonical gospels
844:according to the
783:French Revolution
768:Bridget of Sweden
635:redemption of man
558:, shown as if in
481:dedicated to the
383:Madonna and Child
336:Passion of Christ
313:Nicolas of Verdun
265:Depiction in the
226:Depictions in art
183:Biblical accounts
138:Optional Memorial
16:(Redirected from
3090:
3032:Wycliffe Version
3001:Codex Nitriensis
2866:Textual variants
2834:Synoptic Gospels
2632:Philip (apostle)
2577:John the Baptist
2410:Passion of Jesus
2405:Olivet Discourse
2380:Feeding the 5000
2126:
2125:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2048:Preceded by
2031:
2030:
2005:
1999:
1900:Internet Archive
1871:Glick, Leonard.
1824:
1823:
1818:. Archived from
1799:
1793:
1788:, David Farley,
1783:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1751:
1745:
1733:
1727:
1719:
1713:
1703:
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1596:
1579:
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1484:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1438:
1433:
1400:Friedrich Herlin
1391:
1379:
1361:
1342:
1324:
1306:
1294:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1250:
1242:
1220:Road to Damascus
1192:Great Commission
1045:Temple cleansing
858:
843:
842:
825:
824:
764:Lateran Basilica
697:Episcopal Church
587:Council of Trent
544:votive offerings
532:Giovanni Bellini
367:
364:
311:Altar (1181) by
307:plaque from the
289:of 979–984, the
277:
274:
256:Judeo-Christians
189:Paul the Apostle
164:
161:
120:on 1 January in
89:given their name
63:, which states:
44:
43: 1635–1640
41:
21:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3051:
3010:
2934:
2904:St Luke Passion
2895:St Luke Passion
2882:
2807:
2721:
2672:Tiberius Caesar
2567:Herod the Great
2500:
2449:
2385:Transfiguration
2275:
2257:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2070:
2060:
2053:
2043:
2036:
2022:
1987:
1985:Further reading
1905:Penny, Nicholas
1832:
1827:
1816:
1800:
1796:
1784:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1743:Wayback Machine
1734:
1730:
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1631:
1624:
1620:
1612:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:are two of them
1592:La Circoncision
1580:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1561:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1536:
1532:
1528:Kendrick, 11–15
1527:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1506:
1502:
1497:
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1371:
1362:
1353:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1315:, German, 1510
1307:
1298:
1295:
1282:
1230:
1229:
1215:
1211:In rest of the
1204:
1203:
1181:Noli me tangere
1165:
1155:
1154:
1119:Crown of Thorns
1094:Sanhedrin trial
1035:
1025:
1024:
1020:Transfiguration
959:
949:
948:
885:Joseph's dreams
868:
841:
840:
823:
815:rings of Saturn
744:
738:
631:blood of Christ
621:
615:
603:Richard Crashaw
491:Luca Signorelli
487:donor portraits
479:confraternities
365:
297:Vatican Library
275:
228:
185:
162:
156:Luca Signorelli
130:Roman Catholics
42:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3096:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3078:Gospel of Luke
3075:
3070:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3003:
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2988:
2983:
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2916:
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2881:
2880:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2839:Gospel of Mark
2836:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2798:Sea of Galilee
2795:
2790:
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2780:
2775:
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2642:Pontius Pilate
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2617:Mary Magdalene
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2592:Judas Iscariot
2589:
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2473:
2468:
2466:Fishers of men
2463:
2457:
2455:
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2422:
2420:Pilate's court
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2111:
2110:
2107:Gospel of Luke
2103:
2102:
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2071:
2066:
2063:
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2045:
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2020:External links
2018:
2017:
2016:
2006:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1974:Taylor, Jeremy
1971:
1961:
1947:
1933:
1919:
1902:
1876:
1869:
1851:Blunt, Anthony
1848:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1822:on 2013-11-21.
1814:
1794:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1746:
1728:
1714:
1698:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1669:Penny, 116-117
1662:
1660:, Bartleby.com
1650:
1638:
1629:
1618:
1606:
1604:Penny, 118–119
1597:
1585:Circoncision'
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1555:
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1500:
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1470:
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1448:Schleiermacher
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1394:A detail from
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1374:
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1369:Albrecht Dürer
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1189:
1187:Road to Emmaus
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740:Main article:
737:
734:
617:Main article:
614:
611:
552:Marco Marziale
467:emasculation.
409:Michael Pacher
407:altarpiece by
309:Klosterneuburg
227:
224:
184:
181:
98:Life of Christ
58:Gospel of Luke
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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3063:
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3040:
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3030:
3028:
3027:Latin Vulgate
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3007:
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2562:Herod Antipas
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2120:New Testament
2116:
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2108:
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2058:New Testament
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2040:Life of Jesus
2032:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2014:
2010:
2009:Leo Steinberg
2007:
2003:
1998:
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1992:Baxter, Roger
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1959:0-8264-0936-9
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1931:965-223-798-1
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1917:1-85709-908-7
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1867:0-19-881050-4
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1104:Herod's court
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1082:Kiss of Judas
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994:
993:Lord's Prayer
991:
989:
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984:
980:
977:
975:
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2572:Jesus Christ
2440:Resurrection
2400:Prodigal son
2324:Circumcision
2323:
2319:Jesus' Birth
2056:
2038:
2012:
2001:
1967:
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1936:
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1908:
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1786:"Fore Shame"
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1125:Via Dolorosa
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1114:Flagellation
934:Presentation
912:Circumcision
911:
895:Virgin birth
873:Annunciation
811:Leo Allatius
804:
776:
772:Sack of Rome
752:holy prepuce
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742:Holy prepuce
724:and also by
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142:Holy Prepuce
111:
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74:
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49:
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34:Detail of a
2939:Manuscripts
2931:(2014 film)
2915:(1979 film)
2887:Adaptations
2803:Trachonitis
2657:Simon Peter
2425:Crucifixion
2415:Last Supper
1658:Milton text
1175:Appearances
1133:Crucifixion
1060:Last Supper
779:Reformation
595:John Milton
564:iconography
475:altarpieces
454:anti-Judaic
405:St Wolfgang
366: 1450
178:at the rear
163: 1491
103:Renaissance
3062:Categories
3022:Greek Text
2928:The Savior
2707:Samaritans
2662:Theophilus
2471:Magnificat
2461:Benedictus
2435:Empty tomb
2368:Beatitudes
2348:Temptation
1830:References
1815:2503514707
1590:Bellini's
1572:Penny, 117
1328:Tintoretto
1170:Empty tomb
1145:Entombment
988:Beatitudes
969:Temptation
878:Visitation
866:Early life
760:miraculous
703:churches.
651:Evangelism
577:(1654) by
538:is in the
435:Pentateuch
276: 980
254:) and for
250:dating to
236:Saint Paul
208:apocryphal
107:altarpiece
85:Brit milah
81:Jewish law
69:circumcise
38:painting,
36:Guido Reni
2946:Papyrus 2
2897:, BWV 246
2824:Luke–Acts
2773:Jerusalem
2753:Decapolis
2748:Capernaum
2743:Bethsaida
2712:Sanhedrin
2702:Sadducees
2697:Pharisees
2682:Zechariah
2647:Quirinius
2552:Elizabeth
2445:Ascension
2338:Genealogy
2295:Elizabeth
1790:Slate.com
1773:Glick, 96
1706:Luke 2:21
1236:Portals:
1199:Ascension
1055:Anointing
1015:Rejection
791:reliquary
677:feast day
658:Christian
579:Rembrandt
573:) and an
472:polyptych
423:synagogue
325:Bethlehem
305:enamelled
284:Byzantine
248:tradition
220:spikenard
216:alabaster
126:Anglicans
77:his birth
61:chapter 2
2849:L source
2844:Q source
2602:Lysanias
2537:Caiaphas
2532:Augustus
2130:Chapters
1994:(1823).
1739:Archived
1407:See also
1005:Parables
1000:Miracles
957:Ministry
890:Nativity
781:and the
756:foreskin
701:Lutheran
530:painter
528:Venetian
501:Volterra
332:exegesis
172:Volterra
146:foreskin
3015:Sources
2812:Related
2793:Samaria
2763:Galilee
2738:Bethany
2733:Abilene
2677:Zebedee
2597:Lazarus
2557:Gabriel
2454:Phrases
2343:Baptism
2061:Events
1647:Molanus
1099:Mocking
1033:Passion
964:Baptism
821:Gallery
683:of the
585:of the
575:etching
517:Jesuits
429:as the
413:woodcut
344:baptism
295:in the
174:, with
132:as the
116:in the
2899:(1730)
2768:Iturea
2758:Emmaus
2726:Places
2692:Angels
2688:Groups
2667:Thomas
2652:Simeon
2627:Naaman
2607:Martha
2582:Joseph
2547:Elisha
2517:Andrew
2512:Abijah
2505:People
2430:Burial
2284:Events
2263:Verses
2138:Luke 1
1957:
1943:
1929:
1915:
1894:
1886:
1865:
1843:
1812:
1352:, 1605
1350:Rubens
1087:Arrest
1010:Prayer
831:in the
829:Events
785:. The
754:, the
748:relics
736:Relics
666:Hebrew
560:mosaic
548:Simeon
513:emblem
321:Samson
176:Simeon
144:, the
2912:Jesus
2783:Judea
2542:David
2527:Annas
2115:Bible
1424:Notes
1252:Bible
983:Plain
670:Tours
662:birth
446:mohel
431:mohel
427:rabbi
400:mohel
317:Isaac
244:Egypt
54:Jesus
2788:Nain
2522:Anna
2326:and
1955:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1913:ISBN
1892:ISBN
1884:ISBN
1863:ISBN
1841:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1588:and
1563:117.
675:The
319:and
230:The
199:and
48:The
2996:111
1859:OUP
1710:NIV
1398:by
1367:by
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2011:,
2000:.
1976:.
1966:.
1898:,
1890:,
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1853:,
1778:^
1512:^
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