22:
3221:
3233:
2005:
145:, a planetary-mass companion. SR 12 c might not have formed from the circumstellar disk material of the host star SR 12, so it might not be considered a true circumplanetary disk. PMC disks are relative common around young objects and are easier to study when compared to circumplanetary disks. The protoplanet
238:
using spectroscopy and accretion signatures. Both types of these signatures had previously been detected for other planetary candidates. A later infrared characterization could not confirm the spectroscopic evidence for the disk around PDS 70b and reports weak evidence that the current data favors a
194:
were able to confirm accretion from an unseen disk by detecting emission from hydrogen and helium. The classification of a circumplanetary disk is however being disputed because 2M1207b (or 2M1207B) might be classified as a binary together with 2M1207A and not an exoplanet. This would make the disk
310:
is actually a planet-girding disk of dust, the first such feature ever conclusively observed." Jason Wang from
Caltech, lead researcher of another publication, describes, "if a planet appears to sit on top of the disk, which is the case with PDS 70c" then the signal around
1044:
Best, William M. J.; Liu, Michael C.; Magnier, Eugene A.; Bowler, Brendan P.; Aller, Kimberly M.; Zhang, Zhoujian; Kotson, Michael C.; Burgett, W. S.; Chambers, K. C.; Draper, P. W.; Flewelling, H.; Hodapp, K. W.; Kaiser, N.; Metcalfe, N.; Wainscoat, R. J. (1 March 2017).
225:
The disk around the planet c of the PDS 70 system is the best evidence for a circumplanetary disk at the time of its discovery. The exoplanet is part of the multiplanetary PDS 70 star system, about 370 light-years (110 parsecs) from Earth.
538:
Haffert, S. Y.; Van
Holstein, R. G.; Ginski, C.; Brinchmann, J.; Snellen, I. A. G.; Milli, J.; Stolker, T.; Keller, C. U.; Girard, J. (2020), "CS Cha B: A disc-obscured M-type star mimicking a polarised planetary companion",
1685:
Benisty, Myriam; Bae, Jaehan; Facchini, Stefano; Keppler, Miriam; Teague, Richard; Isella, Andrea; Kurtovic, Nicolas T.; Pérez, Laura M.; Sierra, Anibal; Andrews, Sean M.; Carpenter, John (1 July 2021).
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
95:. The authors state that "The CS Cha system is the only system in which a circumplanetary disc is likely present as well as a resolved circumstellar disc." In 2020 though, the parameters of
1283:
Luhman, K. L.; Tremblin, P.; Birkmann, S. M.; Manjavacas, E.; Valenti, J.; Alves de
Oliveira, C.; Beck, T. L.; Giardino, G.; Lützgendorf, N.; Rauscher, B. J.; Sirianni, M. (1 June 2023).
437:"Snapshot: ALMA spots moon-forming disk around distant exoplanet - This stellar shot serves as the first unambiguous detection of a circumplanetary disk capable of brewing its own moon"
359:(5.7 to 57 Moon masses). The total (dust+gas) mass of the disk should be higher. The planet's luminosity is the dominant heating mechanism within 0.6 AU of the CPD. Beyond that the
1433:"MIRACLES: atmospheric characterization of directly imaged planets and substellar companions at 4–5 μ m: II. Constraints on the mass and radius of the enshrouded planet PDS 70 b"
352:
masses), depending on the grain size used for the modelling. Later modelling showed that the disk around PDS 70c is optically thick and has an estimated dust mass of 0.07 to 0.7
866:
Wu, Ya-Lin; Bowler, Brendan P.; Sheehan, Patrick D.; Close, Laird M.; Eisner, Joshua A.; Best, William M. J.; Ward-Duong, Kimberly; Zhu, Zhaohuan; Kraus, Adam L. (1 May 2022).
2978:
591:
Quanz, Sascha P.; et al. (July 2015). "Confirmation and
Characterization of the Protoplanet HD 100546 b—Direct Evidence for Gas Giant Planet Formation at 50 AU".
3140:
3005:
315:
needs to be spatially separated from the outer ring, not the case in 2019. However, in July 2021 higher resolution, conclusively resolved data were presented.
1593:
96:
92:
1047:"A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs with Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius-Centaurus"
180:). These objects with disks are free-floating and are most of the time called circumstellar disks, despite likely being similar to circumplanetary disks.
3032:
131:
2817:
2812:
294:, "For the first time, we can conclusively see the tell-tale signs of a circumplanetary disk, which helps to support many of the current theories of
1228:
Mohanty, Subhanjoy; et al. (March 2007). "The
Planetary Mass Companion 2MASS 1207-3932B: Temperature, Mass, and Evidence for an Edge-on Disk".
517:
2973:
2436:
707:
Hammond, Iain; Christiaens, Valentin; Price, Daniel J.; Toci, Claudia; Pinte, Christophe; Juillard, Sandrine; Garg, Himanshi (23 February 2023).
283:
2740:
149:(AB)b shows strong evidence of accretion from a circumplanetary disk, but the disk is as of now (September 2024) not detected in the infrared.
436:
165:
248:
925:
Ringqvist, Simon C.; Viswanath, Gayathri; Aoyama, Yuhiko; Janson, Markus; Marleau, Gabriel-Dominique; Brandeker, Alexis (1 January 2023).
2711:
2294:
403:
116:
927:"Resolved near-UV hydrogen emission lines at 40-Myr super-Jovian protoplanet Delorme 1 (AB)b. Indications of magnetospheric accretion"
3027:
2571:
1979:
648:"Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS): A Circumplanetary Disk Candidate in Molecular-line Emission in the AS 209 Disk"
142:
2747:
1753:
Haffert, S. Y.; Bohn, A. J.; de Boer, J.; Snellen, I. A. G.; Brinchmann, J.; Girard, J. H.; Keller, C. U.; Bacon, R. (1 June 2019).
3010:
2847:
2576:
267:
are often obscured by overwhelming glare from the bright host star. The circumplanetary disk was detected around a young massive,
2694:
3180:
2723:
750:
Bowler, Brendan P.; et al. (June 2015). "An ALMA Constraint on the GSC 6214-210 B Circum-Substellar
Accretion Disk Mass".
3155:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
2728:
2837:
2827:
1567:
2561:
1594:"'Moon-forming' disk found in distant star system - Discovery helps confirm theories of planet formation, astronomers say"
2873:
2807:
1921:
1810:
Portilla-Revelo, B.; Kamp, I.; Rab, Ch.; van
Dishoeck, E. F.; Keppler, M.; Min, M.; Muro-Arena, G. A. (1 February 2022).
1343:
2240:
3165:
3015:
2822:
2699:
3198:
2832:
1501:
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652:
263:
concentrated in interplanetary regions, since stars emit comparatively little light at these wavelengths, and since
2893:
2883:
2371:
1603:
1173:
Luhman, K. L.; et al. (December 2005). "Discovery of a
Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk".
2968:
2919:
2842:
2681:
1984:
1812:"Self-consistent modelling of the dust component in protoplanetary and circumplanetary disks: the case of PDS 70"
2924:
1431:
Stolker, T.; Marleau, G.-D.; Cugno, G.; Mollière, P.; Quanz, S. P.; Todorov, K. O.; Kühn, J. (December 2020).
3150:
2797:
2752:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2601:
2596:
1893:
465:"First direct detection of a polarized companion outside a resolved circumbinary disk around CS Chamaeleonis"
3135:
2481:
3253:
2787:
2566:
1657:
1598:
2441:
3130:
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469:
2588:
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3193:
2943:
2611:
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1230:
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926:
752:
593:
307:
260:
322:, which is seen as evidence that it accretes material from the circumplanetary disk at a rate of 10
2953:
2898:
2759:
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2546:
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1949:
811:
252:
2666:
3175:
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264:
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2888:
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2381:
2331:
1869:
382:
161:
2356:
2857:
2626:
2501:
2401:
2235:
234:
In June 2019 astronomers reported the detection of evidence of a circumplanetary disk around
208:
177:
91:
In August 2018, astronomers reported the probable detection of a circumplanetary disk around
2426:
1837:
1811:
1458:
952:
562:
492:
376: – Structure formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body
3170:
3145:
3125:
2735:
2406:
2017:
1944:
1833:
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1709:
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1137:
1068:
1008:
948:
889:
830:
771:
671:
612:
558:
488:
441:
331:
per year. From ALMA observations it was shown that this disk has a radius smaller than 1.2
1562:
8:
2938:
2486:
2466:
2421:
2391:
2200:
2195:
1994:
408:
1780:
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1713:
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1141:
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893:
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689:
661:
628:
602:
574:
548:
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299:
196:
169:
100:
1497:"Detection of Continuum Submillimeter Emission Associated with Candidate Protoplanets"
783:
2782:
2416:
2164:
2159:
2108:
1958:
1849:
1792:
1739:
1727:
1542:
1472:
1417:
1324:
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1096:
1026:
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394:
332:
77:
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1214:
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2190:
1989:
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1403:
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388:
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1845:
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570:
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464:
2606:
2446:
2346:
2270:
2260:
2039:
518:"Astronomers Have Accidentally Taken a Direct Photo of a Possible Baby Exoplanet"
287:
186:
was suspected to have a circumplanetary disk in the past. New observations from
2511:
2506:
2311:
2220:
1722:
1687:
1533:
1496:
1408:
1371:
1319:
1284:
1081:
1046:
1021:
986:
902:
867:
843:
806:
684:
647:
373:
319:
291:
1883:
1788:
709:"Confirmation and Keplerian motion of the gap-carving protoplanet HD 169142 B"
3247:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2316:
2255:
2210:
2149:
2144:
2119:
2054:
2044:
2034:
1853:
1796:
1731:
1658:"Astronomers confirm existence of two giant newborn planets in PDS 70 system"
1476:
1328:
1159:
1100:
1030:
968:
911:
735:
708:
987:"Disk Masses and Dust Evolution of Protoplanetary Disks around Brown Dwarfs"
21:
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2777:
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2553:
2476:
2245:
2225:
2215:
2113:
2049:
323:
200:
153:
85:
61:
111:
Possible circumplanetary disks have also been detected around exoplanets,
2718:
2496:
2491:
2461:
2431:
2386:
2341:
2336:
2265:
2250:
2185:
2129:
2124:
2090:
2075:
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2064:
1244:
1189:
1132:
1091:
414:
336:
112:
99:
were revised, making it an accreting red dwarf star, and making the disk
57:
306:
images, we can clearly see that an otherwise enigmatic concentration of
2689:
2456:
2230:
2154:
2080:
2059:
1873:
1563:"'Moon-forming' Circumplanetary Disk Discovered in Distant Star System"
340:
135:
1344:"Astronomers Think They've Spotted a Moon Forming Around an Exoplanet"
868:"ALMA Discovery of a Disk around the Planetary-mass Companion SR 12 c"
2139:
2134:
2100:
2085:
1974:
807:"An Upper Limit on the Mass of the Circumplanetary Disk for DH Tau b"
272:
247:
In July 2019 astronomers reported the first-ever detection using the
146:
120:
26:
2529:
1828:
1771:
1704:
1634:
1515:
1449:
1390:
1301:
1285:"JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B"
1261:
1206:
1150:
1115:
1063:
1003:
985:
Rilinger, Anneliese M.; Espaillat, Catherine C. (1 November 2021).
943:
884:
825:
766:
725:
666:
553:
537:
483:
65:
1809:
607:
2541:
1372:"Evidence for a circumplanetary disk around protoplanet PDS 70 b"
1348:
276:
268:
235:
191:
183:
81:
29:
1282:
2852:
2180:
2004:
1939:
360:
312:
220:
173:
73:
49:
924:
1899:
391: – Planet or related being destroyed by a passing object
156:. Disks around such objects within 300 parsecs were found in
88:) may form. Such a disk can manifest itself in various ways.
69:
45:
1116:"Spectroscopy of Young Planetary Mass Candidates with Disks"
1430:
706:
417: – Ring of cosmic dust orbiting an astronomical object
349:
713:
Monthly
Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
3141:
1755:"Two accreting protoplanets around the young star PDS 70"
1752:
1684:
53:
1114:
Jayawardhana, Ray; Ivanov, Valentin D. (1 August 2006).
399:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
378:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
251:(ALMA) of a circumplanetary disk. ALMA studies, using
3209:
106:
1630:"Moon-forming disk discovered around distant planet"
1043:
865:
411: – Gas and dust surrounding a newly formed star
339:. The dust mass was estimated around 0.007 or 0.031
199:, despite not being around a star, but around a 5-6
1113:
2818:Habitability of K-type main-sequence star systems
2813:Habitability of F-type main-sequence star systems
984:
3245:
2437:List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules
1885:Video (1:20) − Moon-forming Circumplanetary disc
1556:
1554:
1552:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1623:
1621:
141:A disk was detected in sub-mm with ALMA around
76:. They are reservoirs of material out of which
1587:
1585:
1494:
1915:
1549:
1483:
918:
805:Wolff, Schuyler G.; et al. (July 2017).
1618:
1495:Isella, Andrea; et al. (11 July 2019).
1335:
249:Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array
1582:
1369:
428:
404:Formation and evolution of the Solar System
1922:
1908:
1341:
152:Several disks were detected around nearby
1980:Exoplanet orbital and physical parameters
1870:Image Gallery of Circumstellar Dust disks
1827:
1770:
1721:
1703:
1532:
1514:
1466:
1448:
1407:
1389:
1318:
1300:
1243:
1188:
1149:
1131:
1090:
1080:
1062:
1020:
1002:
942:
901:
883:
842:
824:
765:
734:
724:
683:
665:
606:
552:
500:
482:
298:... By comparing our observations to the
239:model with a single blackbody component.
123:or planetary-mass companions (PMC; 10-20
48:, pancake or ring-shaped accumulation of
2848:List of potentially habitable exoplanets
646:Bae, Jaehan; et al. (August 2022).
20:
1655:
1227:
397: – Planet outside the Solar System
3246:
1688:"A Circumplanetary Disk around PDS70c"
1172:
980:
978:
749:
462:
16:Accumulation of matter around a planet
3156:Geodynamics of terrestrial exoplanets
1903:
1680:
1678:
1591:
804:
590:
434:
259:wavelengths, are better at observing
32:(point-like source on the right side)
2838:Habitability of yellow dwarf systems
2828:Habitability of neutron star systems
1627:
1568:National Radio Astronomy Observatory
1560:
1342:Mandelbaum, Ryan F. (12 July 2019).
3181:Sudarsky's gas giant classification
2808:Habitability of binary star systems
1370:Christiaens, Valentin (June 2019).
1107:
975:
645:
13:
3166:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
2823:Habitability of natural satellites
1675:
318:The planet PDS 70c is detected in
107:Candidates around other exoplanets
14:
3265:
2833:Habitability of red dwarf systems
1863:
1692:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1561:Blue, Charles E. (11 July 2019).
1502:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
1377:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
653:The Astrophysical Journal Letters
515:
463:Ginski, Christian (August 2018).
3231:
3219:
2930:Stars with proto-planetary discs
2894:NASA Star and Exoplanet Database
2884:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
2372:Extraterrestrial sample curation
2003:
2843:Habitable zone for complex life
2281:Ultra-short period planet (USP)
1985:Methods of detecting exoplanets
1803:
1746:
1649:
1424:
1363:
1276:
1221:
1166:
1037:
859:
435:Parks, Jake (8 November 2021).
154:isolated planetary-mass objects
130:, separation ≥100 AU), such as
42:circumplanetary disc, short CPD
3024:Discovered exoplanets by year
1929:
798:
743:
700:
639:
584:
531:
509:
456:
1:
3151:Extrasolar planets in fiction
2798:Extraterrestrial liquid water
422:
363:from the star heat the disk.
3171:Planets in globular clusters
2788:Circumstellar habitable zone
1592:Carne, Nick (13 July 2019).
1437:Astronomy & Astrophysics
541:Astronomy & Astrophysics
470:Astronomy & Astrophysics
25:Circumplanetary disk around
7:
3131:Exoplanet naming convention
2241:Planet/Brown dwarf boundary
1846:10.1051/0004-6361/202141764
1628:Boyd, Jade (11 July 2019).
1468:10.1051/0004-6361/202038878
961:10.1051/0004-6361/202245424
784:10.1088/2041-8205/805/2/L17
571:10.1051/0004-6361/202038706
502:10.1051/0004-6361/201732417
366:
286:, lead researcher from the
10:
3270:
2367:Extraterrestrial materials
2001:
1816:Astronomy and Astrophysics
931:Astronomy and Astrophysics
625:10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/64
242:
229:
218:
68:or collision fragments in
3194:Discoveries of exoplanets
3189:
3118:
2907:
2866:
2768:
2680:
2587:
2520:
2397:Interplanetary dust cloud
2293:
2173:
2099:
2025:
2012:
1967:
1935:
1789:10.1038/s41550-019-0780-5
1656:Observatory, W. M. Keck.
1289:The Astrophysical Journal
1231:The Astrophysical Journal
1176:The Astrophysical Journal
1120:The Astrophysical Journal
1051:The Astrophysical Journal
991:The Astrophysical Journal
872:The Astrophysical Journal
753:The Astrophysical Journal
594:The Astrophysical Journal
214:
168:), Lupus I Cloud and the
2899:Open Exoplanet Catalogue
2874:Nearby Habitable Systems
2760:Transit-timing variation
1723:10.3847/2041-8213/ac0f83
1534:10.3847/2041-8213/ab2a12
1409:10.3847/2041-8213/ab212b
1320:10.3847/2041-8213/acd635
1082:10.3847/1538-4357/aa5df0
1022:10.3847/1538-4357/ac09e5
903:10.3847/2041-8213/ac6420
844:10.3847/1538-3881/aa74cd
812:The Astronomical Journal
685:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7fa3
300:high-resolution infrared
3176:Small planet radius gap
2879:Exoplanet Data Explorer
2803:Galactic habitable zone
2377:Giant-impact hypothesis
1838:2022A&A...658A..89P
1459:2020A&A...644A..13S
953:2023A&A...669L..12R
563:2020A&A...640L..12H
493:2018A&A...616A..79G
335:(AU) or a third of the
172:(e.g. the well studied
3136:Exoplanet phase curves
2974:Terrestrial candidates
2925:Multiplanetary systems
2889:NASA Exoplanet Archive
2572:Mean-motion resonances
2382:Gravitational collapse
2332:Circumstellar envelope
736:10.1093/mnrasl/slad027
385: – Part of a star
383:Circumstellar envelope
33:
3011:Potentially habitable
2916:Exoplanetary systems
2858:Superhabitable planet
2617:F/Yellow-white dwarfs
2502:Sample-return mission
2402:Interplanetary medium
209:planetary-mass object
24:
3146:Extragalactic planet
3126:Carl Sagan Institute
2407:Interplanetary space
2322:Circumplanetary disk
1995:Planet-hosting stars
265:optical observations
158:Rho Ophiuchi Complex
38:circumplanetary disk
3254:Circumstellar disks
2487:Protoplanetary disk
2467:Planetary migration
2422:Interstellar medium
2201:Circumtriple planet
2196:Circumbinary planet
1781:2019NatAs...3..749H
1714:2021ApJ...916L...2B
1525:2019ApJ...879L..25I
1400:2019ApJ...877L..33C
1311:2023ApJ...949L..36L
1254:2007ApJ...657.1064M
1199:2005ApJ...635L..93L
1142:2006ApJ...647L.167J
1073:2017ApJ...837...95B
1013:2021ApJ...921..182R
894:2022ApJ...930L...3W
835:2017AJ....154...26W
776:2015ApJ...805L..17B
676:2022ApJ...934L..20B
617:2015ApJ...807...64Q
409:Protoplanetary disk
308:tiny dust particles
2452:Nebular hypothesis
2427:Interstellar space
2412:Interstellar cloud
2392:Internal structure
2327:Circumstellar disc
333:astronomical units
197:circumstellar disk
170:Chamaeleon Complex
34:
3207:
3206:
2783:Astrooceanography
2417:Interstellar dust
2289:
2288:
2165:Ultra-hot Neptune
2160:Ultra-hot Jupiter
2109:Eccentric Jupiter
1959:Planetary science
516:Starr, Michelle.
395:Extrasolar planet
195:around 2M1207b a
178:Cha 110913−773444
132:GSC 06214-00210 b
3261:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3161:Neptunian desert
2547:Tidally detached
2482:Planet formation
2472:Planetary system
2362:Exozodiacal dust
2352:Disrupted planet
2276:Ultra-cool dwarf
2206:Disrupted planet
2191:Chthonian planet
2023:
2022:
2007:
1990:Planetary system
1924:
1917:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1886:
1858:
1857:
1831:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1774:
1759:Nature Astronomy
1750:
1744:
1743:
1725:
1707:
1682:
1673:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1625:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1602:. Archived from
1589:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1536:
1518:
1492:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1452:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1411:
1393:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1322:
1304:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1247:
1245:astro-ph/0610550
1238:(2): 1064–1091.
1225:
1219:
1218:
1192:
1190:astro-ph/0511807
1170:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1135:
1133:astro-ph/0607152
1126:(2): L167–L170.
1111:
1105:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1066:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1006:
982:
973:
972:
946:
922:
916:
915:
905:
887:
863:
857:
856:
846:
828:
802:
796:
795:
769:
747:
741:
740:
738:
728:
704:
698:
697:
687:
669:
643:
637:
636:
610:
588:
582:
581:
556:
535:
529:
528:
526:
524:
513:
507:
506:
504:
486:
460:
454:
453:
451:
449:
432:
400:
389:Disrupted planet
379:
296:planet formation
3269:
3268:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3220:
3218:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3199:Search projects
3185:
3114:
2903:
2862:
2764:
2736:Radial velocity
2676:
2632:K/Orange dwarfs
2622:G/Yellow dwarfs
2583:
2577:Titius–Bode law
2516:
2447:Molecular cloud
2347:Detached object
2298:
2296:
2285:
2271:Toroidal planet
2261:Sub-brown dwarf
2169:
2095:
2067:(Super-Mercury)
2040:Coreless planet
2016:
2014:
2008:
1999:
1963:
1931:
1928:
1884:
1866:
1861:
1808:
1804:
1751:
1747:
1683:
1676:
1666:
1664:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1638:
1626:
1619:
1609:
1607:
1606:on 12 July 2019
1590:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1559:
1550:
1493:
1484:
1429:
1425:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1281:
1277:
1226:
1222:
1171:
1167:
1112:
1108:
1042:
1038:
983:
976:
923:
919:
864:
860:
803:
799:
748:
744:
705:
701:
644:
640:
589:
585:
536:
532:
522:
520:
514:
510:
461:
457:
447:
445:
433:
429:
425:
420:
398:
377:
369:
358:
355:
346:
343:
329:
326:
288:Rice University
245:
232:
223:
217:
206:
203:
129:
126:
109:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3267:
3257:
3256:
3241:
3240:
3228:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2935:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2748:Transit method
2745:
2744:
2743:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2721:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2695:Direct imaging
2692:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2591:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2512:Star formation
2509:
2507:Scattered disc
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2357:Excretion disk
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2312:Accretion disk
2309:
2303:
2301:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2221:Eyeball planet
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2097:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2020:
2010:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1881:
1865:
1864:External links
1862:
1860:
1859:
1802:
1765:(8): 749–754.
1745:
1674:
1648:
1617:
1581:
1548:
1482:
1423:
1362:
1334:
1275:
1262:10.1086/510877
1220:
1207:10.1086/498868
1183:(1): L93–L96.
1165:
1151:10.1086/507522
1106:
1036:
974:
917:
858:
797:
742:
699:
638:
583:
530:
508:
455:
426:
424:
421:
419:
418:
412:
406:
401:
392:
386:
380:
374:Accretion disc
370:
368:
365:
356:
353:
344:
341:
327:
324:
292:Houston, Texas
244:
241:
231:
228:
219:Main article:
216:
213:
204:
201:
162:Taurus Complex
127:
124:
108:
105:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3266:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3239:
3229:
3227:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
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2945:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2673:
2672:Yellow giants
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Merging stars
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Asteroid belt
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2256:Pulsar planet
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2211:Double planet
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2150:Super-Neptune
2148:
2146:
2145:Super-Jupiter
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Helium planet
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2055:Hycean planet
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Desert planet
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Carbon planet
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1925:
1920:
1918:
1913:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1878:Learning Site
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
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1778:
1773:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1749:
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1737:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1715:
1711:
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1697:
1693:
1689:
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1652:
1637:
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1624:
1622:
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1570:
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1530:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1498:
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1478:
1474:
1469:
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1460:
1456:
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1434:
1427:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1379:
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1373:
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1338:
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1326:
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1308:
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1259:
1255:
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1237:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1092:1721.1/109753
1088:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
981:
979:
970:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
913:
909:
904:
899:
895:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
862:
854:
850:
845:
840:
836:
832:
827:
822:
818:
814:
813:
808:
801:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
763:
759:
755:
754:
746:
737:
732:
727:
722:
718:
714:
710:
703:
695:
691:
686:
681:
677:
673:
668:
663:
659:
655:
654:
649:
642:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
609:
604:
600:
596:
595:
587:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
550:
546:
542:
534:
519:
512:
503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
480:
476:
472:
471:
466:
459:
444:
443:
438:
431:
427:
416:
413:
410:
407:
405:
402:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
375:
372:
371:
364:
362:
351:
348:(0.57 to 2.5
347:
338:
334:
330:
321:
316:
314:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
284:Andrea Isella
282:According to
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:submillimetre
254:
250:
240:
237:
227:
222:
212:
210:
207:
198:
193:
189:
185:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
122:
118:
114:
104:
102:
101:circumstellar
98:
94:
89:
87:
86:subsatellites
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:planetesimals
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
31:
28:
23:
19:
3016:Proper names
2793:Earth analog
2778:Astrobiology
2770:Habitability
2707:Microlensing
2667:White dwarfs
2637:M/Red dwarfs
2627:Herbig Ae/Be
2612:Brown dwarfs
2554:Rogue planet
2535:Interstellar
2477:Planetesimal
2321:
2246:Planetesimal
2226:Giant planet
2216:Ecumenopolis
2114:Mini-Neptune
2050:Dwarf planet
1896:; July 2021)
1819:
1815:
1805:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1695:
1691:
1665:. Retrieved
1661:
1651:
1639:. Retrieved
1633:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:the original
1597:
1572:. Retrieved
1566:
1506:
1500:
1440:
1436:
1426:
1381:
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3028:before 2000
2944:Discoveries
2719:Polarimetry
2607:Binary star
2497:Rubble pile
2492:Ring system
2462:Outer space
2432:Kuiper belt
2387:Hills cloud
2342:Debris disk
2337:Cosmic dust
2266:Sub-Neptune
2251:Protoplanet
2186:Brown dwarf
2174:Other types
2130:Hot Neptune
2125:Hot Jupiter
2116:(Gas dwarf)
2091:Super-Earth
2076:Ocean world
2071:Lava planet
2065:Iron planet
2027:Terrestrial
1968:Main topics
719:: L51–L55.
415:Ring system
337:Hill radius
166:KPNO-Tau 12
121:HD 169142 b
113:HD 100546 b
2939:Exoplanets
2920:Host stars
2867:Catalogues
2690:Astrometry
2652:Subdwarf B
2589:Host stars
2562:Retrograde
2457:Oort cloud
2295:Formation
2231:Mesoplanet
2155:Super-puff
2081:Mega-Earth
2060:Ice planet
1945:Definition
1930:Exoplanets
1874:Paul Kalas
1829:2111.08648
1772:1906.01486
1705:2108.07123
1516:1906.06308
1509:(2): L25.
1450:2009.04483
1391:1905.06370
1384:(2): L33.
1302:2305.18603
1295:(2): L36.
1064:1702.00789
1004:2106.05247
997:(2): 182.
944:2212.03207
885:2204.06013
826:1705.08470
767:1505.01483
760:(2): L17.
726:2302.11302
667:2207.05923
554:2007.07831
523:10 October
484:1805.02261
477:(79): 18.
448:9 November
423:References
253:millimetre
136:DH Tauri b
3226:Astronomy
3033:2000–2009
2999:1501–2000
2994:1001–1500
2682:Detection
2647:Red giant
2307:Accretion
2299:evolution
2140:Ice giant
2135:Gas giant
2086:Sub-Earth
1975:Exoplanet
1854:0004-6361
1797:2397-3366
1740:236186222
1732:2041-8205
1698:(1): L2.
1543:189897829
1477:0004-6361
1418:155100321
1329:0004-637X
1160:0004-637X
1101:0004-637X
1057:(1): 95.
1031:0004-637X
969:0004-6361
912:0004-637X
878:(1): L3.
853:119339454
819:(1): 26.
694:250492936
660:(2): 20.
633:119119314
608:1412.5173
601:(1): 64.
579:220525346
442:Astronomy
273:exoplanet
147:Delorme 1
72:around a
66:asteroids
27:exoplanet
3248:Category
2989:501–1000
2969:Heaviest
2949:Extremes
2657:Subgiant
2530:Exocomet
1662:phys.org
1635:Phys.org
1270:17326111
1215:11685964
792:29008641
367:See also
117:AS 209 b
97:CS Cha B
93:CS Cha B
82:exomoons
3212:Portals
2964:Largest
2959:Nearest
2662:T Tauri
2558:Orbits
2542:Exomoon
2522:Systems
2236:Planemo
2101:Gaseous
1890:YouTube
1834:Bibcode
1822:: A89.
1777:Bibcode
1710:Bibcode
1667:27 July
1641:11 July
1610:12 July
1574:11 July
1521:Bibcode
1455:Bibcode
1443:: A13.
1396:Bibcode
1355:12 July
1349:Gizmodo
1307:Bibcode
1250:Bibcode
1195:Bibcode
1138:Bibcode
1069:Bibcode
1009:Bibcode
949:Bibcode
937:: L12.
890:Bibcode
831:Bibcode
772:Bibcode
672:Bibcode
613:Bibcode
559:Bibcode
547:: L12,
489:Bibcode
361:photons
320:H-alpha
313:PDS 70c
304:optical
277:PDS 70c
269:Jupiter
243:PDS 70c
236:PDS 70b
230:PDS 70b
192:NIRSpec
184:2M1207b
143:SR 12 c
44:) is a
30:PDS 70c
2979:Kepler
2954:Firsts
2853:Tholin
2724:Timing
2642:Pulsar
2567:Trojan
2181:Blanet
1940:Planet
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1599:Cosmos
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271:-like
221:PDS 70
215:PDS 70
174:OTS 44
164:(e.g.
74:planet
50:matter
3238:Space
3119:Other
2984:1–500
2909:Lists
2018:types
2013:Sizes
1824:arXiv
1767:arXiv
1736:S2CID
1700:arXiv
1539:S2CID
1511:arXiv
1445:arXiv
1414:S2CID
1386:arXiv
1297:arXiv
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629:S2CID
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70:orbit
46:torus
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3093:2021
3088:2020
3083:2019
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3048:2012
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2753:list
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2729:list
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2700:list
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2015:and
1850:ISSN
1793:ISSN
1728:ISSN
1669:2022
1643:2019
1612:2019
1576:2019
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1357:2019
1325:ISSN
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908:ISSN
525:2019
450:2021
350:Moon
302:and
261:dust
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188:JWST
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