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Coastal defence ship

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1673: 382:, were relatively small vessels with limited speed, shallow draft, and very heavy guns relative to the displacement. They were designed for close in-shore work in the littoral zone of Scandinavia, and other countries with shallow coastal waters. The aim was to outgun any ocean-going warship of the same draft by a significant margin, making it a very dangerous opponent for a cruiser, and deadly to anything smaller. The limitations in speed and seaworthiness were a trade-off for the heavy armament carried. Vessels similar to the Swedish 1365: 927: 1591: 40: 1847: 1256: 1153: 848: 1478: 618: 2068: 544: 421:
This “mini-battle group” had no intention of challenging the great power navies in blue-water battles, but rather were to operate as a defensive shield to aggression challenging Swedish interests and territory. Based on the doctrine that one needs a battle group to challenge other battle groups, this
130:. As such, they carried heavier armour than cruisers or gunboats of equivalent size, were typically equipped with a main armament of two or four heavy and several lighter guns in turrets or casemates, and could steam at a higher speed than most monitors. In service they were mainly used as movable 438:
in the article "The Sverige Class Coastal Defence Ships," by Daniel G. Harris. This could be said to have been partly confirmed in the post war publication of German tactical orders, and of scenarios regarding attacking Sweden. The problems of maintaining an army in Sweden without sea superiority
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class, it is likely that despite a good armament they would have been too small, slow, and cramped (from both a habitability and essential ship's stores standpoint), along with having insufficient range, to perform adequately against any traditional battlecruiser or battleship in a blue-water
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classes as "Coast Defense Battleships" in 1919. Such ships tended to be near the end of their service lives and while generally considered no longer fit for front-line service, they were still powerful enough for defensive duties in
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were emphasized, and the lack of available suitable units to face the Swedish navy was pointed out (“Stations for battle”, Insulander/Olsson, 2001). Summarizing the question of effectiveness for the
398:-class ships differed in several ways from the classical coastal defence ship, having heavier armament as well as better speed and armor (while still being small enough to operate and hide in the 272:
This type of vessel has always been categorized differently by different countries, due to treaties, differences in judgments related to design or intended roles, and also national pride. In the
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theatre, where traditional large warships would be limited to very predictable moving patterns exposing them to submarines, fast torpedo craft, and minefields. It has been suggested that the
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scenario; however, if correctly used in their home waters and in a defensive situation, they would probably have presented a major challenge for any aggressor.
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and shallow waters off Sweden). The main difference was to be noted in their tactical doctrine and operations. Unlike other coastal defence ships the
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rather than instruments of sea control or fleet engagements like the battleships operated by blue-water navies. Few of these ships saw combat in the
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The Dutch used their armoured ships mainly to defend their interests overseas, in particular their colonial possessions in the
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guns (monitors' guns were almost always in turrets). They varied in size from around 1,500 tons to 8,000 tons.
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As an example of the profusion of terms and classifications which often contradicted each other, the 1938 edition of
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Apart from specially built coastal defence ships, some navies used various obsolescent ships in this role. The
487:), and as such they were expected to act as mini-battleships rather than strictly as coastal defence vessels. 1858: 714: 2592: 386:
were also built and operated by Denmark, Norway, and Finland, all of which had similar naval requirements.
471:). For this reason the ships had to be capable of long-range cruising, providing artillery support during 2875: 2721: 2922: 2304: 1139: 897: 867: 755: 707: 672: 513:
put an end to a similar project to obtain fast capital ships in the late 1930s with German assistance.
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found them particularly appropriate for their island-dotted coastal waters. Some vessels had limited
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The navies of the following countries have operated coastal defence ships at some point in time.
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and usually possessing both higher speed and a secondary armament; some examples also mounted
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Chesneau, Roger and Kolesnik, Eugene (Ed.) Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
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the Scandinavian ships were known as "coast defence ships". The Germans called these ships
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or could be satisfied by specially designed shallow-draft vessels capable of
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defence, mostly during the period from 1860 to 1920. They were small, often
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force intended to form a problematic obstacle in the confined and shallow
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Prior to the Second World War, the Dutch had relegated all the surviving
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were not designed as coastal defense ships but as high seas raiders.
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Their construction and appearance was often that of miniaturized
73: 65: 617: 543: 280:("coastal armoured ship"). The Danes referred to their ships as 2927: 2655: 2622: 2067: 304:("battleship"). The Swedish term for these ships was initially 240: 206: 194: 174: 166: 77: 505:. This ambition was never realized due to the outbreak of the 406:
class formed the core of a traditional open-sea battle group (
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were an outgrowth of the earlier Swedish adoption of the
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Navies with coastal defence ships serving as their main
288:("armoured ship"). In Norway they were referred to as 1916:
List of coastal defence ships of the Second World War
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at the start of the First World War. Similarly, the
76:-sized warships that sacrificed speed and range for 27:Warships built for the purpose of coastal defense. 312:("armoured ship"). Note however, that the German 3049: 292:("armoured ship"). The Dutch called their ships 111:The coastal defence ships differed from earlier 2093: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2034: 2032: 2030: 1307: 524:, who seized some of the ships following the 30:For the coastal defence ships of Japan, see 483:(the Netherlands' most likely enemy in the 2100: 2086: 2027: 92:operations close to their own shores. The 1845: 1671: 1589: 1476: 1363: 1254: 1166:List of coastal defense ships of Germany 1151: 925: 846: 616: 542: 177:, Thailand, and the British colonies of 38: 1962:Handbuch der deutschen Marinegeschichte 447: 142:. The last were scrapped in the 1970s. 49:, one of the last examples of the type. 14: 3050: 343: 308:("1st class armoured boat") and later 2081: 375:, with the notable exception of the 362: 503:a number of dreadnought battleships 24: 1359: 612: 359:and were used for similar duties. 25: 3074: 2061: 1676:Right elevation and deck plan of 625:class; the shaded area is armored 267: 104:capabilities; others operated in 43:The Finnish coastal defence ship 2066: 621:Right elevation and plan of the 389: 2046:. Conway Maritime Press, 1979. 2207:Anti-submarine warfare carrier 1997: 1967: 1954: 1928: 1353:- acquired from Brazil in 1924 13: 1: 2125:Naval ship classes in service 1947: 1658:General Admiral Graf Apraksin 2593:Harbour defence motor launch 811:- Sold to Mexico in 1924 as 555: 535: 436:Warship Magazine Annual 1992 410:), operating with cruisers, 7: 2876:Ballistic missile submarine 2722:Mine countermeasures vessel 1909: 1841: 526:conquest of the Netherlands 284:("coast defence ship") and 128:pre-dreadnought battleships 10: 3079: 2923:Submarine aircraft carrier 2305:Pre-dreadnought battleship 2115:in 19th and 20th centuries 1368:Plan and side view of the 1308:British Colony of Victoria 1163: 1147: 921: 842: 29: 3022: 2941: 2861: 2818:General stores issue ship 2750: 2704: 2646: 2560: 2487:Amphibious transport dock 2479: 2408: 2328: 2280: 2262:Merchant aircraft carrier 2252:Interdiction Assault Ship 2192: 2120: 2005:"Den Danske Brigade 1947" 1975:"Den Danske Brigade 1947" 1667: 1585: 1472: 1332: 968: 666: 551:in Brassey's 1899 edition 520:to secondary duties. 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2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2385:Scout cruiser 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2370:Light cruiser 2368: 2364: 2361: 2360: 2359: 2358:Heavy cruiser 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2348:Battlecruiser 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2327: 2321: 2318: 2315: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2237:Fleet carrier 2235: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2220: 2218: 2217:Battlecarrier 2215: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2162: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2143: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2119: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2098: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2076: 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1525: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1488: 1484: 1479: 1468: 1467: 1462: 1460: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1446: 1442: 1441: 1436: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1390: 1385: 1384: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1337: 1336: 1326: 1325: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1316: 1312: 1311: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1285: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1244: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1214: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1205: 1204: 1200: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1191: 1190: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1169: 1167: 1159: 1154: 1143: 1142: 1138: 1133: 1132: 1128: 1125: 1124: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1105: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1092: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1077: 1075: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1065: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1053: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1013: 1012: 1008: 1006: 1005: 1001: 999: 998: 994: 993: 992: 991: 987: 985: 984: 980: 978: 977: 973: 972: 961: 960: 956: 954: 953: 949: 948: 947:ships (1931) 946: 945:Panssarilaiva 943: 941: 937: 936: 932: 928: 917: 916: 912: 908: 907: 903: 901: 900: 896: 894: 893: 892:Herluf Trolle 889: 888: 886: 884: 883:Herluf Trolle 880: 878: 877: 873: 871: 870: 866: 864: 863: 859: 858: 854: 849: 837: 836: 832: 831: 821: 820: 816: 814: 810: 809: 805: 804: 802: 800: 796: 792: 791: 787: 785: 784: 780: 779: 777: 775: 771: 768: 767: 763: 759: 758: 754: 752: 751: 747: 746: 744: 742: 738: 734: 733: 729: 727: 726: 722: 721: 719: 717: 713: 711: 710: 706: 704: 703: 699: 697: 696: 692: 690: 689: 685: 683: 682: 678: 676: 675: 671: 670: 660: 659: 654: 652: 651: 646: 644: 643: 638: 637: 635: 633: 629: 628: 624: 619: 606: 605: 601: 599: 598: 597:Independencia 594: 593: 591: 589: 585: 581: 580: 576: 574: 573: 569: 568: 566: 564: 560: 559: 550: 545: 541: 533: 531: 527: 523: 519: 514: 512: 508: 504: 500: 499: 493: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 451: 445: 442: 437: 433: 429: 425: 419: 417: 416:torpedo boats 413: 409: 408:Coastal Fleet 405: 401: 397: 390:Effectiveness 387: 385: 381: 379: 374: 370: 360: 358: 354: 347: 341: 339: 335: 331: 330: 324: 322: 320: 315: 314:Panzerschiffe 311: 307: 303: 299: 296:("cruiser"), 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 265: 263: 258: 257: 252: 251: 246: 242: 238: 234: 232: 227: 222: 220: 216: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 180: 176: 172: 168: 164: 160: 156: 152: 148: 147:capital ships 143: 141: 137: 133: 129: 124: 122: 118: 114: 109: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 48: 47: 41: 37: 33: 19: 2969:Capital ship 2954:Arsenal ship 2793:Crane vessel 2788:Command ship 2727:Mine planter 2705:Mine warfare 2671:Missile boat 2638:Torpedo boat 2598:Motor launch 2561:Patrol craft 2466:Radar picket 2289: 2272:Supercarrier 2065: 2045: 2017:. Retrieved 2013:the original 2008: 1999: 1987:. Retrieved 1983:the original 1978: 1969: 1961: 1960:Albert Röhr: 1956: 1936: 1930: 1905: 1897: 1889: 1879: 1871: 1866: 1859: 1850: 1832: 1825: 1818: 1809: 1800: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1771: 1762: 1755:Dristigheten 1754: 1745: 1738: 1731: 1722: 1713: 1706: 1699: 1690: 1677: 1657: 1650: 1643: 1634: 1625: 1618: 1611: 1603: 1594: 1576: 1568: 1560: 1553: 1545: 1536: 1528: 1518: 1509: 1502:Tordenskjold 1501: 1492:Tordenskjold 1491: 1483:Tordenskjold 1482: 1465: 1457: 1449: 1439: 1431: 1423: 1413: 1404: 1396: 1388: 1378: 1369: 1349: 1339: 1323: 1314: 1298: 1294: 1289: 1282: 1273: 1265:Williamstown 1260: 1241: 1234: 1225: 1216: 1209: 1202: 1195: 1188: 1181: 1172: 1157: 1140: 1130: 1122: 1118:6,681 tons. 1113: 1103: 1095: 1091:6,476 tons. 1086: 1079: 1072: 1063: 1056: 1049: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1017: 1010: 1003: 996: 989: 982: 975: 958: 951: 944: 939: 930: 914: 905: 898: 891: 882: 875: 868: 861: 852: 834: 818: 812: 807: 798: 789: 782: 773: 765: 756: 749: 740: 731: 724: 715: 708: 701: 694: 687: 680: 673: 657: 649: 641: 631: 622: 603: 596: 587: 578: 571: 562: 548: 539: 517: 515: 497: 492:pantserschip 491: 489: 454: 449: 440: 435: 431: 420: 403: 400:archipelagos 395: 393: 383: 377: 372: 368: 366: 352: 351:The Swedish 350: 345: 337: 333: 327: 325: 318: 313: 309: 305: 301: 298:Pantserschip 297: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 271: 264:situations. 255: 249: 230: 223: 144: 125: 110: 61: 57: 53: 52: 45: 36: 3004:Mother ship 2843:Repair ship 2742:Minesweeper 2618:Patrol boat 2573:Armed yacht 2295:Dreadnought 2282:Battleships 2109:Naval ships 2019:19 December 1989:19 December 1935:HSwMS  1890:Sri Ayudhya 1867:Ratanakosin 1793:Manligheten 1786:Tapperheten 1575:HNoMS  1567:HNoMS  1535:HNoMS  1527:HNoMS  1508:HNoMS  1500:HNoMS  1464:HNLMS  1456:HNLMS  1448:HNLMS  1438:HNLMS  1430:HNLMS  1422:HNLMS  1403:HNLMS  1395:HNLMS  1387:HNLMS  959:Väinämöinen 940:Väinämöinen 931:Väinämöinen 906:Peder Skram 688:Lima Barros 530:block ships 522:Axis powers 465:East Indies 457:West Indies 384:Pansarskepp 369:Pansarskepp 353:Pansarskepp 346:Pansarskepp 334:Pansarskepp 319:Deutschland 310:Pansarskepp 163:Netherlands 86:battleships 46:Väinämöinen 3063:Ship types 3052:Categories 3030:Ship types 2989:Guard ship 2863:Submarines 2798:Depot ship 2732:Minehunter 2009:milhist.dk 1979:milhist.dk 1948:References 1896:HTMS  1888:HTMS  1481:Norwegian 1322:HMVS  1217:Hildebrand 1004:Bouledogue 915:Niels Juel 853:Niels Juel 463:) and the 412:destroyers 290:panserskip 286:Panserskib 241:the Humber 237:guardships 226:Royal Navy 102:blue-water 2737:Minelayer 2552:Troopship 2480:Transport 2446:Escorteur 2426:Destroyer 2167:Broadside 2135:auxiliary 2130:submarine 1872:Sukhothai 1559:HMS  1552:HMS  1432:De Ruyter 1405:Kortenaer 1397:Piet Hein 1290:Abyssinia 1182:Siegfried 1173:Siegfried 1158:Siegfried 1041:Fulminant 952:Ilmarinen 862:Helgoland 656:SMS  648:SMS  640:SMS  579:Los Andes 556:Argentina 536:Operators 469:Indonesia 373:PansarbĂĄt 302:Slagschip 245:U.S. Navy 221:in 1905. 187:Argentina 121:casemated 117:freeboard 2979:Flagship 2712:Danlayer 2583:Corvette 2461:KaibĹŤkan 2330:Cruisers 2222:CAM ship 2177:Casemate 2113:warships 1937:Gustaf V 1910:See also 1898:Thonburi 1880:Thonburi 1851:Thonburi 1842:Thailand 1826:Gustav V 1802:Oscar II 1619:Novgorod 1569:Bjørgvin 1546:Bjørgvin 1529:Eidsvold 1519:Eidsvold 1389:Evertsen 1379:Evertsen 1324:Cerberus 1315:Cerberus 1295:Cerberus 1274:Cerberus 1261:Cerberus 1210:Heimdall 1196:Frithjof 1141:Henri IV 1131:Bouvines 1114:Bouvines 1096:Jemmapes 1087:Jemmapes 1034:Tonnerre 1027:Tonnerre 983:Onondaga 835:Pingyuan 819:Floriano 790:Solimões 658:Budapest 604:Libertad 588:Libertad 572:El Plata 563:El Plata 428:Kattegat 344:Swedish 231:Majestic 183:Victoria 171:Portugal 113:monitors 98:Thailand 90:littoral 82:armament 66:warships 32:KaibĹŤkan 3023:Related 2999:Monitor 2933:Wet sub 2778:Collier 2696:Shin'yĹŤ 2691:PT boat 2588:Gunboat 2451:Frigate 2182:Turrets 1884:(1938) 1853:in 1938 1819:Sverige 1814:(1917) 1810:Sverige 1767:(1902) 1727:(1896) 1695:(1886) 1678:Sverige 1639:(1895) 1597:in 1897 1577:Nidaros 1554:Glatton 1523:(1899) 1496:(1897) 1418:(1900) 1383:(1894) 1350:Anáhuac 1344:(1898) 1340:Deodoro 1299:Magdala 1283:Magdala 1278:(1870) 1267:in 1871 1230:(1896) 1189:Beowulf 1177:(1890) 1148:Germany 1080:Furieux 1073:Tonnant 1064:Vengeur 1057:TempĂŞte 1050:TempĂŞte 1011:Cerbère 990:Cerbère 976:Taureau 933:in 1938 922:Finland 887:(1899) 855:in 1939 843:Denmark 813:Anáhuac 808:Deodoro 803:(1898) 778:(1874) 757:Colombo 745:(1866) 720:(1866) 709:Silvado 674:Barroso 642:Monarch 636:(1895) 632:Monarch 623:Monarch 592:(1890) 567:(1874) 485:Pacific 479:of the 441:Sverige 432:Sverige 404:Sverige 396:Sverige 378:Sverige 357:monitor 338:Sverige 336:of the 316:of the 294:Kruiser 262:reserve 250:Indiana 217:at the 203:Germany 159:Finland 155:Ecuador 151:Denmark 74:cruiser 70:coastal 64:) were 2928:U-boat 2656:E-boat 2623:Q-ship 2409:Escort 2050:  1805:(1905) 1758:(1900) 1684:, 1923 1668:Sweden 1608:(1865) 1604:Uragan 1586:Russia 1561:Gorgon 1473:Norway 1333:Mexico 1297:& 997:BĂ©lier 969:France 942:-class 876:Skjold 838:(1888) 783:Javary 774:Javary 769:(1874) 750:Cabral 741:Cabral 732:Herval 681:Brasil 667:Brazil 509:. The 496:HNLMS 448:Dutch 424:Baltic 209:, and 207:Russia 195:Brazil 175:Sweden 167:Norway 161:, the 106:rivers 78:armour 2471:Sloop 2416:Aviso 1922:Notes 1882:class 1862:class 1812:class 1765:class 1746:Niord 1725:class 1714:Thule 1693:class 1637:class 1606:class 1548:class 1537:Norge 1521:class 1494:class 1485:class 1416:class 1381:class 1372:class 1342:class 1317:class 1276:class 1259:HMVS 1251:India 1228:class 1203:Hagen 1175:class 1116:class 1104:Valmy 1089:class 1018:Tigre 885:class 851:HDMS 828:China 801:class 776:class 743:class 718:class 702:Bahia 634:class 590:class 565:class 380:class 321:class 215:three 211:Spain 199:China 179:India 2901:DSRV 2686:MTSM 2111:and 2048:ISBN 2021:2015 1991:2015 1779:Wasa 1772:Ă„ran 1763:Ă„ran 1739:Thor 1732:Oden 1723:Oden 1707:Göta 1700:Svea 1691:Svea 1557:and 1348:ARM 1242:Ă„gir 1235:Odin 1226:Odin 650:Wien 426:and 394:The 367:The 256:Iowa 253:and 181:and 96:and 80:and 2681:MTM 2676:MTB 2666:MGB 2661:MAS 1263:at 371:or 239:in 235:as 60:or 3054:: 2029:^ 2007:. 1977:. 532:. 494:, 414:, 205:, 201:, 197:, 193:, 189:, 173:, 169:, 165:, 157:, 153:, 108:. 2316:) 2312:( 2101:e 2094:t 2087:v 2023:. 1993:. 1301:) 34:. 20:)

Index

Coast defense ship
KaibĹŤkan

Väinämöinen
warships
coastal
cruiser
armour
armament
battleships
littoral
Nordic countries
Thailand
blue-water
rivers
monitors
freeboard
casemated
pre-dreadnought battleships
coastal artillery
First World War
Second World War
capital ships
Denmark
Ecuador
Finland
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
Sweden

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