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272:. The hemp rope which controlled the speed of wagons descending the tunnel to the river from Spital Tongues Colliery snapped, and some of the wagons landed in the Tyne while others lodged on the deck of a vessel being loaded. The wagons were recovered at low tide, the rope was repaired, and the papers of the day treated the whole incident as something of a joke. Six months later, the rope snapped again, and the wagons landed in the hold of a waiting collier and sank it. After this, it was decided a wire rope would be a better option. This is probably the only recorded incident of a train having sunk a ship.
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hold, spreading and levelling the coal with shovels and rakes so that its weight would be evenly distributed. Skilled trimmers could stand with their shovel under the stream of coal coming from a spout or the end of a conveyor and angle it so the coal would ricochet off into the part of the hold they wanted to fill. This was a dangerous job, as the holds could fill with
302:" began to be built in the 1890s. These were of numerous designs. Some had spouts used for unscreened or small coal, others known as "drops" had steep inclines at the end, down which a wagon would be lowered directly into the hold, minimising the breakage of coal. Some had both drops and spouts. The drops and spouts could be raised and lowered with the tide. Later,
322:
The men who worked at the staithes were known as teemers and trimmers. Teemers would open the doors on the bottom of the wagons to allow the coal to fall into hoppers under the rail deck on top of the staithes, or in the case of drops, directly into the hold of the collier. The trimmers worked in the
248:
in the wooden colliers returning from London. The iron colliers had ballast tanks which meant water could simply be pumped in, greatly reducing the turnaround time as the sand no longer needed to be loaded and unloaded. Coal was also exported to Europe, and wooden colliers returned with goods such as
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expressed concern in the winter of 1666–67 that war with the Dutch would prevent a fleet of 200 colliers getting through. In 1795, 4,395 cargoes of coal were delivered to London. By 1824, this number had risen to about 7,000; by 1839, it was over 9,000. The trade continued to the end of the twentieth
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on the Tyne are a good example of this type. In
Scotland, a system was common where wagons would be placed on a cradle and lifted into the hold of the ship, but this system was rarely used elsewhere. Two large steam cranes were built for this purpose at the Harton Low Staithes, but it was found that
292:
Coal whippers unloading a collier. Four men climb up a step set on the collier's deck, holding ropes that go to a pulley fastened above and then down to a basket in the hold. They jump off the step, holding the rope, and their weight lifts the basket out of the hold. It is then tipped into a chute
205:, was launched in 1852 and proved successful, with many others being built as a result. Sailing and steam colliers co-existed for the remainder of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth, with coal being carried by sailing vessels at the time of the First World War.
184:-built cat. These were bluff-bowed, round-sterned, strongly-built ships that were in common use from the ports of Northeast England in the second half of the eighteenth century. Examples were used as research and exploration ships by the Royal Navy – the best known being
297:
Loading the colliers was carried out by hand at first, especially where coal was transferred from keels which had brought it downstream from parts of the river that the colliers were unable to navigate. As demand increased, specialised jetties known as
371:
In the late eighteenth century, a number of wooden-hulled sailing colliers gained fame after being adapted for use in voyages of exploration in the South
Pacific, for which their flat-bottomed hulls and sturdy construction made them well-suited.
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is still extant, and the cranes formerly used for unloading the coal could be seen on the riverfront until their removal in 2014; due to the historic nature of the site they were intended to be returned but have instead been stored at
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and in operation loaded a hopper, which in turn fed a conveyor system leading to the power station's coal bunkers. The modern equivalent can be seen at the Tyne Coal
Terminal, unloading bulk carriers.
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given off by the coal, resulting in an explosion. More modern systems are designed to be able to evenly distribute the coal without the need for men working in the holds of the ships.
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Although, in later years, the colliers faced competition from the railways in supplying coal for domestic use in the capital, large quantities of coal were used at the numerous
1524:
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had similar facilities at its large gasworks, also alongside the Thames, for handling the large quantity of bituminous coal which was needed to supply the capital with
1517:
558:, the only American ship sunk by the Spanish Navy in the Spanish–American War, in an action in which all 8 crewmen were subsequently awarded the Medal of Honor
144:. Early evidence of coal being transported by sea includes use of coal in London in 1306. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, coal was shipped from the
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were the most common type and remained popular with
Northeast coast shipowners. Elsewhere, sailing competition in the latter part of the century was from
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342:" with a low-profile superstructures and fold-down funnels and masts to fit under bridges over the Thames above the Pool of London. The wharf at
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shipyard, which began to rapidly replace the earlier wooden ships. This inadvertently led to the eventual decline of the glassmaking industry on
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At an average of 8 or 9 trips per year by each collier, this represents a fleet of about 500 colliers working the route from the Tyne to London.
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despite their size and power they were too slow to handle the amount of coal that was arriving at the staithes, and were replaced by elevators.
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with vast tonnages of coal, and a large fleet of coastal colliers travelled up and down the east coast of
England loaded with "black diamonds".
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393:). It was fitted with a large elevated flat deck, used before the development of purpose-built aircraft carrier hulls.
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harbour was built in 1634 for the loading of coal. London became highly reliant on the delivery of coal by sea –
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A collier has been deliberately beached so that the cargo of coal can be unloaded into carts and taken for sale.
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610:, converted to a repair ship and served in both World Wars, receiving two battle stars in World War II
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1918:
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to London and other destinations. Other ports also exported coal – for instance the Old Quay in
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416:, coastal trading vessels designed to pass under low bridges, many of which served as colliers
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in Blyth. The older West
Staithes can be seen in front of the chimneys of the power station.
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The Steam
Colliers Fleets by Messrs MacRae & Waine, Waine Research 1990 pages 11–13.
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923:"Mystery surrounds return of listed Battersea cranes – The Twentieth Century Society"
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roofing tiles in their holds. The first Palmer-built iron hulled steam collier was
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A notable incident involving a collier occurred not long after the opening of the
257:. There had been an earlier iron hull screw propelled collier, the short-lived SS
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601:, an Irish collier that survived both Allied and Axis attacks during World War II
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244:, as prior to this, they had had access to large supplies of sand, used as
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The earliest type of collier on which there is detailed information is the
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716:"English Coal Industry in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries"
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List of auxiliaries of the United States Navy § Colliers (AC)
619:, a flatiron collier that survived several attacks in World War II
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and other vessels with fore and aft rig. The first steam collier,
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2019:
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576:, lost at sea, connected by some theories to the Bermuda Triangle
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had escaped to France in 1651; bought as a Royal yacht after the
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pioneered the construction of iron-hulled steam colliers at his
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2087:
2054:
973:"The week the iconic High Brooms Gas Works disappeared forever"
233:
225:
181:
780:"Blast from the past — how coal mining's rebirth turned toxic"
469:, the first ship to circumnavigate the globe from west to east
1847:
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1102:
1026:
A model of HMS Endeavour showing the bluff-bowed hull shape.
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589:, converted into the United States' first aircraft carrier
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began to be introduced, such as those at Bates
Staithes in
192:
141:
567:, refitted into a landing ship for the Gallipoli landings
549:, credited as the first ship to circumnavigate Australia
191:. In the first half of the nineteenth century, collier
834:
Merchant
Sailing Ships 1775-1815: Sovereignty of Sail
478:, used in his second and third voyages of exploration
996:
Naval
History and Heritage Command: Langley I (CV-1)
899:"Art'otel opens in London's Battersea Power Station"
422:, designed for replenishing oil/diesel-fueled ships
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
809:Merchant Sailing Ships 1815-1850 Supremacy of Sail
1248:Floating production storage and offloading (FPSO)
314:. These staithes used spouts. The largely intact
157:century, with the last cargo of coal leaving the
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802:
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650:coastal coal-carrying trade of New South Wales
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1525:
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389:, was a converted collier (originally USS
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1518:
1069:
1055:
948:"Celebrating 50 years of the Port of Tyne"
707:
1499:List of merchant navy capacity by country
1076:
1019:On the Stowage of Ships and their Cargoes
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806:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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428:, used for in-flight aircraft refueling
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868:w/e 15 April 1843, p. 253 "Newcastle"
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293:that leads into the barge alongside.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
24:
629:the largest wooden ship ever built
432:
25:
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1494:International Chamber of Shipping
1342:Anchor handling tug supply vessel
1008:
836:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
811:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
778:Collingridge, John (7 Feb 2021).
762:
366:
1136:
767:(Public domain Kindle ed.).
714:Turner, Raymond (October 1921).
536:, a refitted collier famous for
261:of 1841 built in South Shields.
34:
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45:needs additional citations for
1639:Anti-submarine warfare carrier
859:
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723:The American Historical Review
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662:
13:
1:
1557:Naval ship classes in service
866:"The" Illustrated London News
675:
224:supplied a rapidly expanding
27:Bulk cargo ship to carry coal
2025:Harbour defence motor launch
1036:Photo of Harton Low Staithes
946:Morton, David (2018-06-28).
172:, formerly a collier called
7:
2308:Ballistic missile submarine
2154:Mine countermeasures vessel
971:Harris, Mary (2023-03-11).
887:, accessed 15 December 2019
832:MacGregor, David R (1985).
807:MacGregor, David R (1984).
402:Vessels of similar function
396:
310:and Harton Low Staithes in
10:
2511:
2355:Submarine aircraft carrier
1737:Pre-dreadnought battleship
1547:in 19th and 20th centuries
1001:, accessed 9 December 2019
872:, accessed 9 December 2019
627:, a 6-masted schooner and
357:Gas Light and Coke Company
140:designed or used to carry
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2373:
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2250:General stores issue ship
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2078:
1992:
1919:Amphibious transport dock
1911:
1840:
1760:
1712:
1694:Merchant aircraft carrier
1684:Interdiction Assault Ship
1624:
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1471:
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885:www.dunstonstaiths.org.uk
538:the mutiny among its crew
459:first voyage of discovery
2328:Deep-submergence vehicle
2318:Cruise missile submarine
2245:Fast combat support ship
1888:Guided-missile destroyer
1746:Standard-type battleship
655:
634:
351:. These are fitted with
1924:Amphibious warfare ship
1634:Amphibious assault ship
1321:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
1220:Roll-on/roll-off (RORO)
1030:Photo of Bates Staithes
344:Battersea Power Station
2000:Armed boarding steamer
1964:Landing Ship Logistics
1959:Landing ship, infantry
1785:Guided missile cruiser
1689:Light aircraft carrier
1362:Platform supply vessel
1175:Coastal trading vessel
506:
449:, the former collier,
294:
285:
177:
2200:Auxiliary repair dock
2149:Destroyer minesweeper
2045:Ocean boarding vessel
1949:Landing Craft Support
1944:Landing craft carrier
1664:Fighter catapult ship
1347:Diving support vessel
498:
491:Other famous colliers
438:Vessels of James Cook
308:Blyth, Northumberland
291:
283:
276:Loading and unloading
167:
2426:Littoral combat ship
1979:Landing Ship Vehicle
1722:Coastal defence ship
1352:Emergency tow vessel
999:www.history.navy.mil
897:Jenny (2023-03-17).
690:"Whitehaven Harbour"
520:on which the future
334:on the banks of the
213:For many years, the
209:Coals from Newcastle
54:improve this article
2280:Replenishment oiler
2183:Command and support
1969:Landing Ship Medium
1832:Unprotected cruiser
1674:Flight deck cruiser
1479:Nautical operations
1423:Floating restaurant
1205:Lighter aboard ship
420:Replenishment oiler
176:, built before 1651
161:in February, 2021.
69:"Collier" ship
18:Collier (ship type)
2396:Breastwork monitor
2260:Joint support ship
2215:Combat stores ship
2010:Coastal motor boat
1974:Landing Ship, Tank
1954:Landing Ship Heavy
1853:Convoy rescue ship
1679:Helicopter carrier
1433:Merchant submarine
1108:Maritime transport
1042:Tyne Coal Terminal
870:books.google.co.uk
648:, colliers of the
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387:United States Navy
295:
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230:Sir Charles Palmer
178:
2477:
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2381:Armed merchantman
2323:Cruiser submarine
2313:Coastal submarine
2080:Fast attack craft
1934:Dock landing ship
1812:Protected cruiser
1795:Pocket battleship
1752:Treaty battleship
1742:Super-dreadnought
1626:Aircraft carriers
1574:Operational zones
1507:
1506:
1210:Livestock carrier
1113:Freight transport
1038:in South Shields.
927:c20society.org.uk
426:Tanker (aircraft)
353:clamshell buckets
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16:(Redirected from
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2416:Floating battery
2350:Midget submarine
2303:Attack submarine
2285:Submarine tender
2235:Destroyer tender
2065:Submarine chaser
1929:Attack transport
1873:Escort destroyer
1868:Destroyer leader
1863:Destroyer escort
1770:Aircraft cruiser
1584:Green-water navy
1579:Brown-water navy
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1458:Semi-submersible
1443:Pipe-laying ship
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451:Earl of Pembroke
383:aircraft carrier
168:The royal yacht
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2195:Ammunition ship
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1988:
1907:
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1827:Torpedo cruiser
1807:Merchant raider
1775:Armored cruiser
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1732:Fast battleship
1708:
1699:Seaplane tender
1644:Balloon carrier
1620:
1604:Central battery
1589:Blue-water navy
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1503:
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1448:Research vessel
1438:Narco-submarine
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1258:Hydrogen tanker
1243:Chemical tanker
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1190:Heavy-lift ship
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2401:Capital ship
2386:Arsenal ship
2225:Crane vessel
2220:Command ship
2209:
2159:Mine planter
2137:Mine warfare
2103:Missile boat
2070:Torpedo boat
2030:Motor launch
1993:Patrol craft
1898:Radar picket
1704:Supercarrier
1403:Crane vessel
1195:Hopper barge
1179:
1160:Bulk carrier
1018:
998:
991:
980:. Retrieved
976:
966:
955:. Retrieved
951:
941:
930:. Retrieved
926:
917:
906:. Retrieved
903:Globetrender
902:
892:
884:
877:
869:
861:
852:
833:
827:
808:
787:. Retrieved
783:
773:
764:
758:
746:. Retrieved
726:
722:
709:
697:. Retrieved
693:
684:
664:
622:
615:
606:
597:
590:
586:
581:
572:
563:
554:
546:Investigator
545:
532:
517:
513:Royal Escape
512:
502:
499:The collier
483:
474:
465:
450:
445:
390:
381:, the first
377:
374:
370:
336:River Thames
329:
321:
296:
263:
258:
252:
212:
201:
187:
179:
173:
170:Royal Escape
169:
159:Port of Tyne
154:Samuel Pepys
133:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2436:Mother ship
2275:Repair ship
2174:Minesweeper
2050:Patrol boat
2005:Armed yacht
1727:Dreadnought
1714:Battleships
1541:Naval ships
1398:Cable layer
1391:Other types
1372:Salvage tug
1326:Train ferry
1316:Ocean liner
1301:Cruiseferry
1296:Cruise ship
1291:Cargo liner
1286:Cable ferry
1263:LNG carrier
1253:Gas carrier
1225:Train ferry
1215:Reefer ship
789:28 November
748:28 November
729:(1): 1–23.
699:30 November
564:River Clyde
526:Restoration
2495:Ship types
2484:Categories
2462:Ship types
2421:Guard ship
2295:Submarines
2230:Depot ship
2164:Minehunter
1428:Icebreaker
1311:Narrowboat
1268:Oil tanker
1170:Chain boat
1098:Cargo ship
982:2023-03-19
957:2023-03-19
932:2023-03-19
908:2023-03-19
676:References
522:Charles II
475:Resolution
455:James Cook
408:Coal hulks
340:flat-irons
259:Bedlington
253:John Bowes
222:coalfields
202:John Bowes
150:Whitehaven
146:River Tyne
110:April 2014
80:newspapers
2169:Minelayer
1984:Troopship
1912:Transport
1878:Escorteur
1858:Destroyer
1599:Broadside
1567:auxiliary
1562:submarine
1453:Riverboat
1413:Drillship
1278:Passenger
1165:Car float
1147:Dry cargo
1086:Overviews
784:The Times
605:USS
580:USS
571:USS
553:USS
544:HMS
531:HMS
501:USS
484:Discovery
482:HMS
473:HMS
466:Adventure
464:HMS
446:Endeavour
414:Flatirons
376:USS
304:elevators
270:Newcastle
197:schooners
188:Endeavour
2490:Colliers
2411:Flagship
2144:Danlayer
2015:Corvette
1893:KaibĹŤkan
1762:Cruisers
1654:CAM ship
1609:Casemate
1545:warships
1463:Snagboat
1357:Fireboat
977:KentLive
614:SS
598:Kerlogue
596:MV
562:SS
555:Merrimac
518:Surprise
503:Merrimac
444:HM Bark
397:See also
361:town gas
325:firedamp
300:staithes
242:Wearside
238:Tyneside
174:Surprise
2455:Related
2431:Monitor
2365:Wet sub
2210:Collier
2128:Shin'yĹŤ
2123:PT boat
2020:Gunboat
1883:Frigate
1614:Turrets
1472:Related
1408:Dredger
1382:Tugboat
1335:Support
1235:Tankers
1180:Collier
1077:Modern
1021:, 1869.
743:1836917
624:Wyoming
591:Langley
587:Cyclops
582:Jupiter
573:Cyclops
391:Jupiter
385:in the
378:Langley
255:of 1852
246:ballast
134:collier
94:scholar
2360:U-boat
2088:E-boat
2055:Q-ship
1841:Escort
1377:Tender
1367:Pusher
840:
815:
741:
616:Wandle
607:Vestal
533:Bounty
234:Jarrow
226:London
215:Durham
182:Whitby
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1903:Sloop
1848:Aviso
1306:Ferry
1155:Barge
1103:Cargo
765:Diary
739:JSTOR
719:(PDF)
656:Notes
635:Other
193:brigs
136:is a
101:JSTOR
87:books
2333:DSRV
2118:MTSM
1543:and
1093:Ship
838:ISBN
813:ISBN
791:2021
750:2021
701:2021
511:HMY
240:and
217:and
186:HMS
142:coal
73:news
2113:MTM
2108:MTB
2098:MGB
2093:MAS
731:doi
457:'s
268:in
251:SS
56:by
2486::
975:.
950:.
925:.
901:.
799:^
782:.
737:.
727:27
725:.
721:.
692:.
363:.
132:A
1748:)
1744:(
1533:e
1526:t
1519:v
1070:e
1063:t
1056:v
985:.
960:.
935:.
911:.
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793:.
752:.
733::
703:.
540:.
298:"
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
