Captaincy General of Santo Domingo

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1498 on his third voyage, he began a pact with the rebels, which was signed in August 1499, where he agreed to allow the use of the indigenous people as personal service, and gave back pay for the last two years. Even to those who had not worked, he distributed land, authorized the Spaniards to join with the Tainos and to return to Spain whenever they wished. Roldán was also reinstated as Mayor of La Isabela and, in March 1500, Roldán himself helped put down a rebellion led by Pedro Riquelme and Adrián de Mújica against Columbus.

2630: 836: 497: 2151: 160: 1543: 1632:. As a result of these developments, Spanish privateers frequently sailed back into Santo Domingo with their holds filled with captured plunder which were sold in Hispaniola's ports, with profits accruing to individual sea raiders. The revenue acquired in these acts of piracy was invested in the economic expansion of the colony and led to repopulation from Europe. The enslaved population of the colony also rose dramatically, as numerous captive Africans were taken from enemy 3579:"Aunque, siguiendo a Herrera, Sánchez Valverde diga que después de lo que escribió Oviedo aumentó el número de ingenios, parece que el punto más alto de la expansión de la industria azucarera se consiguió precisamente cuando Oviedo escribía sobre ella en 1547. Ya entonces había comenzado el abandono de la isla por parte de sus pobladores, que se iban hacia México y Perú en busca de una riqueza que no hallaban en la Española". 469: 1311: 1267:, and the first sugar mill in the New World was established in 1516. The need for a labor force to meet the growing demands of sugar cane cultivation led to an exponential increase in the importation of slaves over the following two decades. The sugar mill owners soon formed a new colonial elite, and initially convinced the Spanish king to allow them to elect the members of the 1649:(Haiti), which had an enslaved population of over 500,000, representing 90% of the French colony's population, and overall seven times as numerous as the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo. The French had become the wealthiest colonists in the Western Hemisphere due to the exploitation of their massive slave population. As restrictions on colonial trade were relaxed, the colonial 155: 2247:, and it rose to over 20,000 in 1520. However after the depleting of the gold mines, the island began to depopulate. This was followed by a limited Spanish migration toward Hispaniola, composed overwhelmingly by males. In order to counteract the depopulation and impoverishment of the colony, the Spanish Monarchy allowed the importation of African slaves to hew 1026:. He established a settlement in the northern part of the island, which later came under attack by the people of the area. The native Taínos' egalitarian social system clashed with the Europeans' feudalist system, which had more rigid class structures. The Europeans believed the Taínos to be misled, and they began to treat the tribes with violence and hatred. 2235:

of Caracas), the Diocese of Cuba (with headquarters in Santiago de Cuba, initially founded in Baracoa in 1518; today Archdiocese of Santiago de Cuba), the Diocese of Honduras (based in Comayagua, initially founded in Trujillo in 1531; today Archdiocese of Tegucigalpa) and the territorial abbey of Jamaica (suppressed in 1655).

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created on August 8, 1511 by Pope Julius II's bull Romanus Pontifex of August 8, 1511. In those days, the diocese of Concepción (today in La Vega, Dominican Republic). In 1527 the diocese of Concepción de la Vega was abolished, leaving the entire island of Hispaniola under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Santo Domingo.

1384:, resulting in a population of predominantly mixed Spaniard, Taíno, and African descent. Except for the city of Santo Domingo, which managed to maintain some legal exports, Dominican ports were forced to rely on contraband trade, which, along with livestock, became the sole source of livelihood for the island dwellers. 1176:"ordered gold from the richest mines reserved for the Crown." The total sum of gold extracted during the first two decades in the Island was estimated at 30,000 kilos, an amount greater than the totality of production in Europe in those years and above the total gold collected by the Portuguese in Africa. 1120:

Roldán also promised to exempt some Indians from paying tribute, which they did with gold they collected from the rivers, if they gave him their support, thus getting the help of some natives. Roldán took weapons from La Isabela and retired to Xaragua. When Christopher Columbus returned to America in

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It was elevated to Metropolitan Archdiocese on February 12, 1546, through the bull Super universas orbis ecclesiae of Pope Paul III, being its first archbishop Alonso de Fuenmayor. The Diocese of Puerto Rico, the Diocese of Venezuela (with headquarters in Coro, founded in 1531; today the Archdiocese

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is considered the first episcopal seat in America. Of all the dioceses in the north and south of the American continent, only the archbishop of Santo Domingo corresponds to the title of first of the Indies. It is the oldest of the surviving dioceses in the Americas, the Diocese of Santo Domingo was

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of St. Domingue offered the principal market for Santo Domingo's exports of beef, hides, mahogany and tobacco. The 'Spanish' settlers, whose blood by now was mixed with that of Taínos, Africans, and Canary Guanches, proclaimed: 'It does not matter if the French are richer than us, we are still the

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saw in the unrest an opportunity to seize all, or part, of the western region of the island in an alliance of convenience with the rebellious slaves. The Spanish governor of Santo Domingo purchased the allegiance of mulatto and black rebel leaders and their personal armies. In July 1793, Spanish

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epidemic, cacao blight, and hurricane in 1666; another storm two years later; a second epidemic in 1669; a third hurricane in September 1672; plus an earthquake in May 1673 that killed two dozen residents. San José de Ocoa, the best-known maroon settlement in Santo Domingo, was subjugated by the

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invited the pirates on the island of Tortuga to set sail under him. They were hired by the French as a striking force that allowed France to have a much stronger hold on the Caribbean region. Consequently, the pirates never really controlled the island and kept Tortuga as a neutral hideout. The

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with seventeen ships. The settlers built houses, storerooms, a Roman Catholic church, and a large house for Columbus. He brought more than a thousand men, including sailors, soldiers, carpenters, stonemasons, and other workers. Priests and nobles came as well. The first Mass was celebrated on 6

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they took were carried back to Santo Domingo, where their cargoes were sold to the colony's inhabitants or to foreign merchants doing business there. During this period, Spanish privateers from Santo Domingo sailed into enemy ports looking for ships to plunder, thus disrupting commerce between

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led a group who fled to the mountains and attacked the Spanish repeatedly for fourteen years. The Spanish ultimately offered him a peace treaty and gave Enriquillo and his followers their own city in 1534. By 1545, there were an estimated 7,000 maroons beyond Spanish control on Hispaniola. The

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In 1655 the west of Hispaniola was reoccupied by the English and French. In 1660 the English appointed a Frenchman as Governor who proclaimed the King of France, set up French colours, and defeated several English attempts to reclaim the island. In 1665, French colonization of the island was

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In 1605, Spain, unhappy that Santo Domingo was facilitating trade between its other colonies and other European powers, attacked vast parts of the colony's northern and western regions, forcibly resettling their inhabitants closer to the city of Santo Domingo. This action, known as the

2339:. Hidalgos nobles were the most benefited of those Spanish who emigrated to America because they received royal properties (such as cattle, lands, and slaves) and tax exemptions. These people achieved a privileged position, and most of them avoided mixing with natives or Africans. 1410:

and held it for ransom. Drake's invasion signaled the decline of Spanish dominion over the Caribbean region, which was accentuated in the early 17th century by policies that resulted in the depopulation of most of the island outside of the capital. An expedition sent by

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had become overrun with European pirates from England, France, and the Netherlands. In 1541, Spain authorized the construction of Santo Domingo's fortified wall, and decided to restrict sea travel to enormous, well-armed convoys. In another move, which would destroy

8086: 1517:, Spain formally ceded the western third of the island to France. It was an important port in the Americas for goods and products flowing to and from France and Europe. Intermittent clashes between French and Spanish colonists followed, even after the 1697 123: 1124:

Roldan died in 1502, in a hurricane that occurred coinciding with Columbus's arrival in America on his fourth voyage to the Indies. That hurricane would also kill Francisco de Bobadilla, the investigative judge who ordered Columbus' arrest in August 1500.

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During the war of 1762, a packet boat, a brigantine, six sloops, two schooners, and a coastal vessel were brought into port and it was Dominican corsairs, Lorenzo Daniel, Juan Bautista San Marcos, Juan Cueto, and Domingo Alberto Serrano who brought them

1220:(Royal Shipyards), a waterside building that housed the shipyards, warehouses, customs house and tax offices in the port of Santo Domingo, began construction. In addition to serving as warehouses, the complex also housed the Santo Domingo office of the 121: 1558:

in Spain in 1700 and introduced economic reforms that gradually began to revive trade in Santo Domingo. The crown progressively relaxed the rigid controls and restrictions on commerce between Spain and the colonies and among the colonies. The last

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because the shipwrecking and the founding of the fort occurred on Christmas Day. While Columbus was away, the garrison manning the fort was wracked by divisions that evolved into conflict. The more rapacious men began to terrorize the Taíno, the

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on the southern coast, which became the new capital. An estimated 400,000 Tainos living on the island were soon enslaved to work in gold mines. By 1508, their numbers had decreased to around 60,000 because of forced labor, hunger, disease, and

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under his leadership. Although expecting Spanish protection from warring tribes, the islanders sought to join the Spanish forces. They helped the Spaniards deal with their ignorance of the surrounding environment. The change of requiring the

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sailed in 1737; the monopoly port system was abolished shortly thereafter. Many Spaniards and Hispaniola-born Creoles also then became pirates and privateers. By the middle of the century, the population was bolstered by emigration from the

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The population of Santo Domingo grew to approximately 125,000 in the year 1791. Of this number, 40,000 were white landowners, about 70,000 were mulatto freedmen, and some 15,000 were black slaves. This contrasted sharply with neighboring

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Dating from 1496, when the Spanish settled on the island, and officially from 5 August 1498, Santo Domingo became the first European city in the Americas. Bartholomew Columbus founded the settlement and named it La Nueva Isabela, after

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emphasized the activities of Dominican privateer Lorenzo Daniel (also known as Lorencín Daniel), and noted that in his career as a privateer, Daniel captured more than 60 enemy ships, including "those used for trade as well as war”.

936:, and of the oldest castle, fortress, cathedral, and monastery in the region. The colony was a meeting point of European explorers, soldiers, and settlers who brought with them the culture, architecture, laws, and traditions of the 1112:

The expectations of obtaining great wealth in the island had been high for those who had arrived, and the violent nature and competitive drive of the colonizers also created conflicts among them. In 1497, a colonial administrator

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The colony remained a military stronghold of the Spanish Empire for over a century, successfully defending against British, Dutch, and French expeditions into the region until the early 17th century. After pirates working for the

2510:, and with the rest in the North Sea; and that the president-governor-captain general can order and will order what is necessary in military matters and relating to the good governance and defense of said Island of Santo Domingo. 8202: 8195: 8364: 1380:, while new immigrants from Spain bypassed the island. Agriculture dwindled, new imports of slaves ceased, and white colonists, free blacks, and slaves alike lived in poverty, weakening the racial hierarchy and aiding 7903: 3544: 120: 1072:

In June 1495, a large storm that the Taíno called a hurricane hit the island. The Taíno retreated to the mountains while the Spaniards remained in the colony. Several ships were sunk, including the flagship, the

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On his first voyage the navigator Christopher Columbus, arrived in 1492 under the Spanish Crown as he landed on a large island in the region of the western Atlantic Ocean that later came to be known as the

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and Spain around the globe. Periodic confrontations also continued despite a 1731 agreement that partially defined a border between the two colonies along the Massacre and Pedernales rivers. In 1777, the

7982: 168: 1077:. Cannon barrels and anchors from that era have been found in the bay. Gelatinous silt from rivers and wave action has raised the level of the bay floor and covers any parts of wrecks that may remain. 2203:

In its structure and purpose the new university was modeled after the University of Alcalá in the city of Henares, Spain. In this capacity it became a standard-bearer for the medieval ideology of the

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Although the Spanish and Dominican soldiers had been successful in the island during their battles against the French, such had not been the case in the European front, as Spain and Portugal lost the

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nobility, commonly known as people of "sangre azul" (Spanish for: "blue blood"), because their skin was so pale that their veins looked blue through it, in comparison with that of a commoner who had

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system did not grant people land, but it indirectly aided in the conquistadors and settlers' acquisition of land with the intent of establishing new towns and populations. As initially defined, the

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Santo Domingo came to be known as the "Gateway to the New World" and the chief city and capital of all Spanish colonies in the Americas during the colonization era. Spanish Expeditions which led to

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of 1684, signed by the European powers, that put an end to piracy. Most of the pirates after this time were hired out into the Royal services to suppress their former buccaneer allies. In the 1697

3522: 8113: 7614: 1682:, the rich urban families linked to the colonial bureaucracy left the island, while most of the rural cattle ranchers remained, even though they lost their principal market. Nevertheless, the 1117:

rebelled against Columbus and established a rival regime in the island, recruiting half of the Spanish in 1498, and all the towns and fortresses had joined him except La Vega and La Isabella.

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on their way to the mainland and was important in the establishment of other European colonies in the Western Hemisphere. It is the site of the first European city in the Americas,

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The presence of precious metals such as gold boosted migration of thousands of Spaniards to Hispaniola seeking easy wealth. In the year 1510, there were 10,000 Spaniards in the

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replaced de Bobadilla as governor, it was he who dealt most brutally with the Taíno people. In June 1502, Santo Domingo was destroyed by a major hurricane, and the new Governor

1596:. Dominican pirates captured British, Dutch, French and Danish ships throughout the eighteenth century. Dominicans constituted one of the many diverse units which fought under 8463:, physiographically not part of the Lucayan Archipelago, Antilles, Caribbean Sea nor North American continental nor South American continental islands. It is grouped with the 8068: 1064:

In 1493, Columbus returned to the island on his second voyage and established the first Spanish colony in the New World, the city of Isabella. This time Columbus returned to

8188: 119: 7398: 3563: 864: 822: 7758: 2207:, and gained its royal charter in 1558. In this royal decree, the university was given the name University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino). 8835: 7910: 8079: 7635: 2415:

of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo, which granted him broad administrative powers and autonomy over the Spanish possessions of the Caribbean and most of its

8329: 4789: 8830: 8371: 7690: 2454:; a crown attorney; a bailiff; and a lieutenant of the Gran Chancellor; and the other necessary ministers and officials, which will have for district all of the 3717: 3678: 8825: 6528: 4279: 8815: 8810: 8805: 989:("land of high mountains") or "Quisqueya" (from Quizqueia), meaning "great thing" or "big land" ("mother of all lands"), and which the Spanish later named 8845: 8820: 5537: 4147: 3824: 2539:

as subjects to the crown, this implied that enslaving them was illegal except on very specific conditions. This would lead to the necessity of importing

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at the bottom. In order to maintain their status and remain racially pure the caste system was enforced, because only pure whites were able to inherit

995:. At the time, the island's territory consisted of five Taíno chiefdoms: Marién, Maguá, Maguana, Jaragua, and Higüey. These were ruled respectively by 948:

took over part of the west coast, French settlers arrived and decades of armed conflict ensued. Spain finally ceded the western third of Hispaniola to

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for inspiration. At the time of its completion, the wards could accommodate up to 70 patients, comparable to the most advanced churches of Rome.

857: 6508: 3075:, in "Maroon Societies: Rebel Slave Communities in the Americas", ed. by Richard Price (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), p. 35. 1698:. Frenchmen were to return to their side of the Pyrenees in Europe and Spanish Santo Domingo was to be ceded to France. This period called the 1228:. Thus, the Atarazanas also served as the first customs and tax house of the New World. Management was contracted by the Crown to the powerful 8496: 7471: 6558: 4721: 826: 6163: 5521: 4486: 4208: 4203: 4152: 3923: 3111: 2663: 1437:, proved disastrous; more than half of the resettled colonists died of starvation or disease. The city of Santo Domingo was subjected to a 741: 2590:

to be returned to the crown after two generations was frequently overlooked, as the colonists did not want to give up the labor or power.

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and English pirates arrived on the western side of the island. The pirates were attacked in 1629 by Spanish forces commanded by

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in 1655 attacked the city of Santo Domingo, but was defeated. The English troops withdrew and took the less guarded colony of

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to the island in the years to come. Native chiefs were responsible for keeping track of the laborers in their community. The

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in the south-west were their main area of concentration, although Africans had escaped to other areas of the island as well.

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became governor. Settlers' allegations of mismanagement by Columbus helped create a tumultuous political situation. In 1502,

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and Chancellory, as it has been established, with a president, who shall be governor and captain general; four judges of

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Santo Domingo's exports soared and the island's agricultural productivity rose, which was assisted by the involvement of

1330:, son of Christopher Columbus. Many of these insurgents managed to escape to the mountains where they formed independent 782: 723: 691: 654: 8295: 5382: 3046: 135: 7582: 7160: 6477: 6413: 6135: 5322: 5285: 4813: 4274: 4142: 4137: 4081: 4064: 3913: 3810: 2536: 1509:(in opposition to former practice). This was a major legal blow to the Caribbean pirates. Settlements were made in the 7525: 6629: 8559: 8489: 7698: 7226: 7135: 6533: 6077: 5630: 5260: 4656: 4602: 4558: 4553: 4536: 4531: 4361: 4289: 4213: 4166: 4076: 3842: 3750: 3711: 3701: 3672: 3662: 3645: 3609: 3557: 3379: 3352: 3185: 3152: 3121: 2851: 2792: 2653: 1217: 1058: 548: 307: 8433:

are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically.

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Peasants and Religion: A Socioeconomic Study of Dios Olivorio and the Palma Sola Religion in the Dominican Republic

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and most of its mainland coasts, making Santo Domingo the principal political entity of the early colonial period.

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or Province of El Dorado, the regions which it now has and no more; dividing territory in the south with the four

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forces, including former slaves, crossed the border and pushed back the disheveled French forces before them.

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Recopilación de las Leyes de Indias. Titulo Quince. De las Audiencias y Chancillerias Reales de las Indias

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The first major slave revolt in the Americas occurred in Santo Domingo on 26 December 1522, when enslaved

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The Spanish of the highest rank who migrated to America in the sixteenth century was the noblewoman Doña

2299: 6792: 6699: 3795: 2103: 8416: 8146: 8100: 8093: 7624: 7276: 6639: 6286: 6173: 6085: 6057: 5684: 5654: 5459: 5290: 4757: 4629: 4619: 4408: 4317: 1791: 1767: 1206:. This grand project was in keeping with the desire to emulate European princely courts, and looked to 1158: 149: 6659: 6614: 1445:

In the 17th century, the French began occupying the unpopulated western third of Hispaniola. In 1625,

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The colony's Spanish leadership changed several times, when Columbus departed on another exploration,

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included the acknowledgement by Spain of France's dominion over the Western third of the island, now

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from their ranks. Diego Colon arrived in 1509, assuming the powers of Viceroy and admiral. In 1512,

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The university was closed in 1801 under the French, but reopened in 1815 as a secular institution.

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established a definitive border between what Spain called Santo Domingo and what the French named

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communities in the south of the island, but the Admiral also had a lot of captured rebels hanged.

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ship Columbus established a military fort to support his claim to the island. The fort was called

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became very corrupt and harsh. In the neighborhood of La Concepción, north of Santo Domingo, the

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Due to its strategic location, the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo served as headquarters for

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Viceroyalty of New Spain in 1794, with the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo shown in yellow

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Contemporary map showing the border situation on Hispaniola following the Treaty of Aranjuez

2331:. Those who proved that they were descendants of Visigoths were allowed to use the style of 1597: 1134: 1036: 8684: 8599: 8574: 8285: 8280: 7436: 7105: 7068: 7058: 6998: 6897: 6877: 6772: 6584: 6403: 5280: 5270: 4883: 4868: 4772: 4691: 4681: 4466: 3874: 1911: 1705: 1601: 1245: 1081: 1069:

January 1494. The town included homes, a plaza, and Columbus' stone residence and arsenal.

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The Dominican Racial Imaginary: Surveying the Landscape of Race and Nation in Hispaniola

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We order that in the City of Santo Domingo on the Island of Hispaniola reside our Royal

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Juan Ponce de León: The Exploration of Florida and the Search for the Fountain of Youth

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arrived in Hispaniola from Spain. Eight years later African-born slaves arrived in the

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Description topographique et politique de la partie espagnole de l'isle Saint-Domingue

2343: 1815: 1453:, who fortified the island, and expelled the French and English. In 1654, the Spanish 1376:, Hispaniola slowly declined. Many Spanish colonists left for the silver-mines of the 8604: 8594: 8539: 8534: 8358: 8208: 8154: 7446: 7388: 7221: 6993: 6967: 6957: 6947: 6882: 6837: 6767: 6747: 6722: 6669: 6644: 5909: 5436: 5377: 5332: 5191: 5087: 5072: 5062: 4962: 4735: 4716: 4607: 4264: 3746: 3707: 3668: 3641: 3553: 3375: 3348: 3181: 3148: 3117: 3019:

Los Monumentos Arquitectónicos de La Española, Con una introducción a América. 2 vols

2997: 2956: 2922: 2847: 2815: 2788: 2734: 1555: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1420: 1372:, which had a royal monopoly on commerce with the Americas. With the conquest of the 949: 700: 623: 216: 182: 143: 5467: 3879: 3477: 3442: 3085: 2323:, and this system was replicated on the New World. The highest social class was the 1090: 593: 8654: 8579: 8430: 7932: 7703: 7078: 7073: 7038: 7018: 6777: 6654: 6553: 6457: 5919: 5759: 5106: 5067: 4992: 4967: 4906: 4896: 4856: 4565: 4523: 4493: 4476: 4436: 3949: 3791: 2479: 2383: 2315: 2279: 2204: 2043: 1551: 953: 910: 893: 882: 206: 47: 7456: 5488: 2031: 8549: 8408: 7661: 7521:

Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)

7271: 7211: 7125: 7033: 6907: 6887: 6852: 6634: 6604: 6543: 6153: 6143: 6039: 5924: 5816: 5773: 5533: 5441: 5312: 5020: 5010: 4957: 4471: 3939: 3740: 2507: 2455: 2332: 2189: 1650: 1592:

operating out of Santo Domingo to once again patrol surrounding waters for enemy

1412: 1331: 1150: 7180: 2254:

Families stopped migrating to the colony, so the lack of Spanish females led to

982: 8460: 8457: 7115: 7028: 6912: 6664: 6487: 6472: 6373: 6347: 6332: 6213: 5808: 5802: 5706: 5473: 5387: 5337: 5215: 5169: 5122: 5057: 5040: 5035: 4937: 4888: 4801: 4518: 4481: 4178: 3885: 2668: 2540: 2503: 2428: 2396: 2355: 2288: 1700: 1695: 1646: 1629: 1619:

decades prior, and they sharply reduced the amount of enemy trade operating in

1565: 1531: 1475: 1466: 1294: 1278: 1264: 1019: 642: 633: 462: 186: 5620: 3897: 3802: 2568:

planning to stage a rebellion. Upon hearing this, the adelantado captured the

2150: 663: 8759: 8464: 6679: 5529: 5446: 5255: 5025: 4498: 4302: 3050: 2283: 2255: 2193: 2173: 1899: 1779: 1683: 1593: 1542: 1446: 1404: 1350: 1256: 1229: 1106: 1085: 933: 381: 364: 196: 139: 159: 8474: 8401:

are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies.

7540: 7451: 7441: 7170: 6709: 6563: 6388: 5904: 5680: 5362: 5210: 5127: 2451: 2416: 2347: 2294: 2271: 2259: 1569: 1479: 1470: 1373: 1323: 929: 6762: 1654:

true inheritors of this island. In our veins runs the blood of the heroic

8420: 8404: 6352: 6178: 5747: 5625: 5000: 3285:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

2475: 2447: 2007: 1694:, and on July 22, 1795, the French Republic and Spanish crown signed the 1624: 1620: 1568:, resettling the northern part of the colony and planting tobacco in the 1363: 1327: 1260: 1207: 1192: 1138: 259: 104: 6342: 1161:'s discovery of the Pacific Ocean were all launched from Santo Domingo. 1022:, naming it La Isla Española ("the Spanish Island"), later Latinized to 921:, was granted administrative powers over the Spanish possessions in the 7216: 5950: 5230: 4696: 4010: 2581:

laid havoc to the countryside before an army of about 3,090 routed the

2560: 2328: 2324: 2267: 2263: 2248: 2169: 2115: 2067: 1983: 1731: 1633: 1483: 1355: 1338: 1102: 1098: 1065: 1041: 1023: 991: 914: 3203:

Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 2

1310: 6183: 5940: 5840: 5615: 5517: 5451: 3552:(in Spanish) (18 ed.). Santo Domingo: Alfa y Omega. p. 45. 2578: 2463: 2412: 1995: 1827: 1589: 1462: 1169: 1015: 937: 922: 906: 1704:, lasted until 1809 until being recaptured by the Dominican general 8467:

region, but occasionally also with the Caribbean region culturally.

8448: 6357: 5235: 2471: 2165: 1803: 1438: 1377: 138:(18): first national flag of Spain; Right: Flag of the Province of 3371:

Spain and the Independence of the United States: An Intrinsic Gift

3227:

The Buccaneers In The West Indies In The XVII Century – Chapter IV

3216:

The Buccaneers In The West Indies In The XVII Century – Chapter IV

2319:, meaning literally "cleanliness of blood") was very important in 1923: 8453: 7515: 7486: 5996: 5981: 5138: 4393: 2888:. New Brunswick: Rutgers, The State University. pp. 191–214. 2886:

The Life of the Admiral Christopher Columbus by his son Ferdinand

2570: 2359: 2275: 1502: 1416: 1366:, was selected as the designated stopping point for the merchant 1319: 1225: 1054: 1002: 997: 2079: 8440: 6452: 6006: 6001: 5778: 3959: 3263: 2915:

Bolton, Herbert E.; Marshall, Thomas Maitland (30 April 2005).

2787:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. p. 25. 2565: 2019: 1839: 1359: 1252: 1249: 1248:

granted permission to the colonists of the Caribbean to import

1164:

A large discovery of gold was also found in the island, in the

1154: 368: 2785:

The Struggle for Democratic Politics in the Dominican Republic

1326:

nation led an uprising in the sugar plantation of admiral Don

7493: 5767: 5431: 4424: 3738: 3699: 3660: 3325:"Corsairs of Santo Domingo a socio-economic study, 1718–1779" 2427:

was the principal political entity of this region during the

1971: 1887: 1755: 1424: 1293:

of appeal. In 1514, Pedro Ibanez de Ibarra arrived with the

1290: 1210: 961: 523: 408: 385: 3143:(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 1191:

had it rebuilt on a different site on the other side of the

956:, thus establishing the basis for the future nations of the 5836: 5751: 2730:

Quisqueya: un país en el mundo: La Revelación Maya Del 2012

2551:

and his heirs expected to hold these grants in perpetuity.

2132: 2120: 2108: 2096: 2084: 2072: 2060: 2048: 2036: 2024: 2012: 2000: 1988: 1976: 1964: 1952: 1940: 1928: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1868: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1820: 1808: 1796: 1784: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1736: 1506: 1255:, and in 1510 the first sizable shipment consisting of 250 1146: 5729: 2192:. Later, the institution received a university charter by 3742:

De Orbe Novo, the Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera

3703:

De Orbe Novo, the Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera

3664:

De Orbe Novo, the Eight Decades of Peter Martyr D'Anghera

154: 2991: 2901:

Admiral of the Ocean Sea: A Life of Christopher Columbus

2423:

judges had over the region meant that the Santo Domingo

2350:, niece of the 2nd Duke of Alba, and grandniece of King 3306:

Santo Domingo, Past And Present; With A Glance At Haytl

3073:

Maroons and Slave Rebellions in the Spanish Territories

3344:

Latino Chronology: Chronologies of the American Mosaic

3140:

The Caribbean: The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism

2952:

Bartolom de Las Casas and the Conquest of the Americas

2164:, is the first institution of higher education in the 1105:. In 1495 it was renamed "Santo Domingo", in honor of 5484:

Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France

2419:. This combined with the judicial oversight that the 2625: 1658:

who won this island of ours with sword and blood.'.

1615:

Dominican privateers had already been active in the

3033:

Santo Domingo Colonial: Sus Principales Monumentos.

2404:upon the creation of the latter two decades later. 1263:. Sugar cane was introduced to Hispaniola from the 8419:constituents but subsumed with the country of the 3602: 3169: 3016: 2908: 2844:A history of Latin America: c. 1450 to the present 1168:mountain region, which led to a mining boom and a 8836:1795 disestablishments in the Spanish West Indies 3790:. Vol. 18. London: B. Fellowes et al. 1845. 3584: 3176:(3rd ed.). New York: Rough Guides. pp. 2868:"A History of Latin America to 1825: 3rd Edition" 2564:of Santiago heard rumors of a 15,000-man army of 1337:Another rebel also fought back, the native Taino 1128: 1061:attacked the Europeans and destroyed La Navidad. 8757: 3590: 3021:. Ciudad Trujillo: Universidad de Santo Domingo. 2770:The Columbus Dynasty in the Caribbean, 1492–1526 2238: 2222:Interior view of Santa María la Menor Cathedral. 1387: 1362:, more strategically located in relation to the 6028: 3832: 2502:, along the coasts which run along the west of 2278:. As a result, Santo Domingo, like the rest of 1018:. Columbus promptly claimed the island for the 917:. The Capitancy, under the jurisdiction of the 27:Spanish possession in the Caribbean (1492–1865) 8831:1493 establishments in the Spanish West Indies 2918:The Colonization of North America 1492 to 1783 2914: 2801: 2772:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. 2390:in his decree of 1511, and was implemented by 1093:. By 1535, only a few dozen were still alive. 8826:States and territories disestablished in 1795 8490: 7556: 5673:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon) 5154: 4409: 3818: 2292:("whites from the land"), in contrast to the 2176:. The headquarters of the university was the 2160:The St. Thomas Aquinas University, today the 894:[kapitaˈni.axeneˈɾaldeˈsantoðoˈmiŋɡo] 858: 39: 8504: 7570: 5348:Independence of Spanish continental Americas 3412:Social Composition of the Dominican Republic 2903:, Boston: Little, Brown and Co., p. 590 2664:Spanish occupation of the Dominican Republic 2411:president was at the same time governor and 8816:18th century in the Colony of Santo Domingo 8811:17th century in the Colony of Santo Domingo 8806:16th century in the Colony of Santo Domingo 2942: 2846:, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, p. 83, 2807: 2644:List of colonial governors of Santo Domingo 2184:, it was originally a seminary operated by 1719: 1029: 84: 8846:Spanish-speaking countries and territories 8821:States and territories established in 1493 8497: 8483: 7922: 7563: 7549: 5161: 5147: 4416: 4402: 3825: 3811: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3038: 2814:. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 35. 2776: 2714:Spanish-language facsimile of the original 2394:in his decree of September 14, 1526. This 1235: 865: 851: 167: 8796:Captaincies General of the Spanish Empire 7689: 7467:Colonial universities in Hispanic America 3633: 3340: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3172:The Rough Guide to the Dominican Republic 1572:, and importation of slaves was renewed. 1008: 7472:Colonial universities in the Philippines 3592:Moreau de Saint-Méry, Médéric Louis Élie 3424: 2996:. New York: Phaidon Press. p. 133. 2949:Clayton, Lawrence A. (25 January 2011). 2883: 2877: 2841: 2720: 2522: 2369: 2217: 2149: 1665: 1606: 1541: 1488: 1391: 1309: 8407:that with the ABC islands comprise the 6463:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia 3739:Pietro Martire D'Anghiera (July 2009). 3700:Pietro Martire D'Anghiera (July 2009). 3661:Pietro Martire D'Anghiera (July 2009). 3506: 3495: 3443:"Dominican Republic – THE FIRST COLONY" 3399:. Rutgers University Press. p. 57. 3394: 3086:"Dominican Republic – THE FIRST COLONY" 2948: 2898: 2782: 2763: 2761: 2759: 2757: 1521:recognized the de facto occupations of 1465:. The French colony was given the name 985:populated the island which they called 14: 8776:Colonial government in the West Indies 8766:History of the Colony of Santo Domingo 8758: 7416: 3367: 3302: 3291: 3200: 3167: 3136: 3109: 3044: 2808:Greenberger, Robert (1 January 2003). 2574:involved and had most of them hanged. 2365: 2286:. The local-born whites were known as 2262:, in which Spaniards were at the top, 2162:Autonomous University of Santo Domingo 1721: 8478: 7544: 7415: 7311: 7310: 6434: 6312: 6027: 5886: 5854: 5791: 5728: 5643: 5566: 5506: 5420: 5409: 5181: 5180: 5142: 4397: 3806: 3720:from the original on 25 November 2020 3681:from the original on 25 November 2020 3634:Kurlansky, Mark (30 September 2011). 3539: 3533: 3515: 3478:"Dominican Republic—The First Colony" 3409: 2955:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 19. 2767: 2726: 2707: 2314: 1636:in West Indian waters. The author of 892: 5744:Captaincy General of the Philippines 5236:New Laws in favour of the indigenous 4635:List of revolutions and coups d'état 3078: 2921:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 17. 2754: 2727:Perez, Cosme E. (20 December 2011). 2659:Spanish colonization of the Americas 2450:, who shall also serve as judges of 1455:re-captured the west side the island 1297:. Rodrigo de Alburquerque was named 1232:, which had a slave trading empire. 981:and the Spanish in 1492, the native 972: 7447:Indochristian painting in New Spain 5567: 2178:Church and Convent of los Dominicos 1715: 1537: 655:Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo 24: 6414:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires 5887: 5168: 4455:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 4423: 3924:Spanish occupation 1861–1865 3774: 3428:idea del valor de la isla española 3425:Valverde, Antonio Sánchez (1862). 3035:Santo Domingo: Banco Popular, 1998 1638:Idea del valor de la Isla Española 1611:Map of Santo Domingo in the 1700s. 1469:. By 1670 a Welsh privateer named 1172:that lasted from 1500 until 1508. 1099:an earlier settlement in the north 1001:(chiefs) Guacanagarix, Guarionex, 887:Capitanía General de Santo Domingo 879:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 582:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 73:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 41:Capitania General de Santo Domingo 36:Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 25: 8857: 8786:Former countries in the Caribbean 5644: 5507: 5388:Independence of Equatorial Guinea 3759:from the original on 31 July 2020 3045:Sharpe, Peter (26 October 1998). 2992:Bailey, Galvin Alexander (2005). 2654:History of the Dominican Republic 2462:, and in them the Governments of 905:) was the first Capitancy in the 397:• Unrecognized independence 8781:Former colonies in North America 8620:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 8003:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7499:Criollos in the colonial society 7427:Spanish missions in the Americas 6549:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval 3973: 2628: 2612: 2600: 2518: 2474:, which is of the Government of 1575: 1474:capital of the French Colony of 834: 558: 495: 481: 467: 158: 153: 148: 116: 64: 7983:Carriacou and Petite Martinique 7526:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649 5410: 3934:U.S. occupation 1916–1924 3732: 3693: 3654: 3637:The Basque History Of The World 3627: 3598:. Philadelphia. pp. 55–59. 3470: 3456: 3435: 3418: 3403: 3388: 3361: 3334: 3317: 3277: 3256: 3231: 3220: 3209: 3194: 3161: 3130: 3103: 3065: 3025: 3010: 2985: 2976: 2681: 2669:French Colony of Saint-Domingue 2380:Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo 2258:, that drove the creation of a 1101:named after the Queen of Spain 919:Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo 5855: 5578:Captaincy General of Guatemala 5286:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659) 4571:Anti-Duvalier protest movement 3509:Latin America's Wars: Volume 1 3116:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 148–149. 3047:"Sugar Cane: Past and Present" 2899:Morison, Samuel Eliot (1942), 2892: 2860: 2835: 2701: 2386:in America. It was created by 2180:. Founded during the reign of 1996:San Juan Bautista de Bayaguana 1661: 1493:City of Santo Domingo in 1665. 1461:officially recognized by King 1129:Establishment of Santo Domingo 1084:established the settlement of 13: 1: 7477:General Archive of the Indies 6738:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado 6409:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro 6394:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas 5343:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso 5296:War of the Spanish Succession 5261:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) 3546:Composición Social Dominicana 2994:Art of Colonial Latin America 2842:Bakewell, Peter John (2004), 2695: 2239:Demographics and caste system 1388:British and French incursions 1285:, Marcelo de Villalobos, and 841:Dominican Republic portal 715:Dominican War of Independence 8745:United States Virgin Islands 7828:Collectivity of Saint Martin 6435: 5549:Captaincy General of Yucatan 5479:Union with Holy Roman Empire 5458:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of 5373:German–Spanish Treaty (1899) 3525:(in Spanish). Archived from 3137:Knight, Franklin W. (1990). 2884:Columbus, Ferdinand (1959). 2874:, 2010. Retrieved 4/11/2016. 2316:[limˈpjeθaðeˈsaŋɡɾe] 2228:Archdiocese of Santo Domingo 2145: 1936:San Fernando de Monte Cristi 1200:Hospital San Nicolás de Bari 329:Ministry of Overseas (Spain) 308:José de la Gándara y Navarro 7: 6313: 6029:Administrative subdivisions 5226:War of the League of Cognac 3507:Scheina, Robert L. (2003). 3017:Palm, Erwin Walter (1955). 2621: 2382:was the first court of the 2346:, granddaughter of the 1st 2213: 1710:reconquest of Santo Domingo 1672:reconquest of Santo Domingo 407:• Reincorporated into 10: 8862: 8506:History of North America 8087:San Andrés and Providencia 6743:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 6728:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada 6630:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca 5792: 5528:), Western United States ( 5421: 5291:Portuguese Restoration War 3787:Encyclopædia Metropolitana 3395:Ricourt, Milagros (2016). 3368:Chavez, Thomas E. (2002). 2783:Hartlyn, Jonathan (1998). 2593: 2200:, dated October 28, 1538. 2140: 1816:Santa María de la Vera Paz 1792:San Felipe de Puerto Plata 1768:Santiago de los Caballeros 1478:was moved from Tortuga to 1143:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar 967: 8720:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8638: 8512: 8392: 8328: 8294: 8248: 8217: 8145: 8112: 8067: 8038: 7960: 7884: 7873: 7844: 7817: 7727: 7716: 7643: 7634: 7623: 7578: 7511:Slavery in Spanish Empire 7422: 7411: 7317: 7306: 7204: 7098: 7091: 6976: 6825: 6818: 6811: 6798:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor 6708: 6577: 6539:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder 6501: 6445: 6441: 6430: 6399:Barcelona Trading Company 6366: 6323: 6319: 6308: 6212: 6164:New Andalusia (1501–1513) 6134: 6076: 6038: 6034: 6023: 5974: 5933: 5897: 5893: 5882: 5861: 5798: 5739: 5671:Venezuela, part of Guyana 5650: 5573: 5524:, Central United States ( 5513: 5427: 5416: 5405: 5256:Bruneian–Spanish conflict 5241:Expulsion of the Moriscos 5187: 5176: 5100: 4991: 4933: 4924: 4864: 4855: 4743: 4734: 4652: 4643: 4544:Unification of Hispaniola 4435: 4355: 4288: 4240: 4231: 4174: 4165: 4072: 4063: 3991: 3982: 3971: 3909:Unification of Hispaniola 3841: 3414:. Routledge. p. 101. 3341:Figueredo, D. H. (2007). 3264:"Dominican Republic 2014" 2649:Timeline of Santo Domingo 2636:Dominican Republic portal 2577:Later, a chieftain named 2400:would become part of the 2068:San Gabriel de Las Caobas 1678:With the outbreak of the 1399:, Colonial Santo Domingo. 1034:After the sinking of the 1005:, Bohechío, and Cayacoa. 913:in 1492 on the island of 754:Dominican Restoration War 692:Unification of Hispaniola 678:Republic of Spanish Haiti 511: 442: 432: 428: 418: 405: 395: 378: 361: 348: 344: 334: 320: 316: 301: 286: 282: 272: 268: 253: 238: 234: 224: 212: 202: 192: 178: 166: 132: 98: 80: 61: 56: 34: 8740:Turks and Caicos Islands 8055:Turks and Caicos Islands 7572:History of the Caribbean 7452:Quito painting tradition 7442:Cusco painting tradition 6803:García López de Cárdenas 6793:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera 6700:Felipe González de Ahedo 6620:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 5197:Conquest of the Americas 4657:Administrative divisions 3610:"The Visigoths in Spain" 3482:U.S. Library of Congress 2733:. Palibrio. p. 27. 2674: 2506:, with the Provinces of 2402:Viceroyalty of New Spain 2155:Convent of los Dominicos 2104:San Francisco de Macorís 2092:San Miguel de la Atalaya 1419:, instead. In 1697, the 1314:Brief of Diego Columbus. 1030:Conquest and settlements 977:Prior to the arrival of 773:United States occupation 7237:Comuneros (New Granada) 7014:Balearic Islands (1558) 6733:Hernán Pérez de Quesada 6660:Ruy López de Villalobos 6615:Miguel López de Legazpi 6529:García de Toledo Osorio 5393:Western Sahara conflict 5383:Independence of Morocco 5323:Treaty of Madrid (1750) 5266:Piracy in the Caribbean 5251:French Wars of Religion 3796:2027/mdp.39015082485213 3303:Hazard, Samuel (1873). 3205:. ABC-CLIO. p. 94. 2245:colony of Santo Domingo 2032:Santa Bárbara de Samaná 1628:Spain's enemies in the 1600:during the conquest of 1434:devastaciones de Osorio 1287:Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon 1236:Enslavement of Africans 1222:Casa de la Contratación 1086:Santo Domingo de Guzmán 604:Battle of Santo Domingo 203:Official languages 18:Colony of Santo Domingo 8801:1490s in the Caribbean 8670:British Virgin Islands 7853:British Virgin Islands 7615:West Indies Federation 7482:Colonial Spanish Horse 7156:Colonia del Sacramento 6379:Spanish treasure fleet 5956:Royal Decree of Graces 4593:2010s cholera outbreak 4554:Post-imperial Republic 3870:Devastations of Osorio 3201:Marley, David (2005). 3110:Marley, David (1998). 2528: 2512: 2488:New Kingdom of Granada 2388:Ferdinand V of Castile 2375: 2266:people at middle, and 2223: 2198:In Apostulatus Culmine 2157: 2116:San José de los Llanos 1864:San Juan de la Maguana 1675: 1612: 1547: 1494: 1451:Don Fadrique de Toledo 1400: 1315: 1283:Juan Ortiz de Matienzo 1240:The Spanish monarchs, 1181:Francisco de Bobadilla 1174:Ferdinand II of Aragon 1053:peoples. The powerful 1009:Arrival of the Spanish 946:French colonial empire 886: 614:Siege of Santo Domingo 609:Devastations of Osorio 568:Pre-Spanish Hispaniola 551:the Dominican Republic 420:• Disestablished 85: 40: 8610:Saint Kitts and Nevis 8403:These three form the 8203:South Caribbean Coast 8196:North Caribbean Coast 7802:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7598:Caribbean Netherlands 6640:Vasco Núñez de Balboa 6600:Juan Sebastián Elcano 5915:Council of the Indies 5276:Spanish–Moro conflict 5246:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 5206:Treaty of Tordesillas 4603:Crisis (2018–present) 3168:Harvey, Sean (2006). 2527:Battle of Vegas Real. 2526: 2437: 2373: 2354:; she was married to 2221: 2153: 1960:Sabana Grande de Boyá 1900:Puerto Real de Bayajá 1888:Villanueva de Yáquimo 1744:Concepción de la Vega 1669: 1610: 1545: 1497:In 1680, new Acts of 1492: 1395: 1313: 1307:to enforce the laws. 1230:Welser banking family 1159:Vasco Núñez de Balboa 1080:In 1496, his brother 930:Spanish conquistadors 619:Battle of Sabana Real 437:Spanish colonial real 325:Council of the Indies 245:Isabella I of Castile 8791:History of New Spain 8445:Disputed territories 8437:Disputed territories 8235:Venezuelan Caribbean 7904:Federal Dependencies 7603:Netherlands Antilles 7437:Mesoamerican Codices 7161:Comuneros (Paraguay) 6999:Siege of Castelnuovo 6585:Christopher Columbus 6404:Consulate of the Sea 6384:Casa de Contratación 5975:Titles and positions 5368:Spanish–American War 5358:Liberal constitution 5201:Asia and the Pacific 5016:Citadelle Laferrière 4983:Water and sanitation 4722:World Heritage Sites 4467:Atlantic slave trade 4280:Water and sanitation 3615:. Spain Then and Now 3410:Bosch, Juan (2016). 3239:"Hispaniola Article" 3113:Wars of the Americas 2768:Floyd, Troy (1973). 2335:and were considered 2289:blancos de la tierra 2168:. It was founded by 2056:Saint-Raphaël, Haiti 2020:Concepción de Hincha 1804:Santa Cruz del Seybo 1756:San Antonio de Bonao 1706:Juan Sanchez Ramirez 1602:British West Florida 1299:repartidor de indios 1082:Bartholomew Columbus 979:Christopher Columbus 643:French Santo Domingo 293:Christopher Columbus 71:coat of arms of the 8771:Spanish West Indies 8625:Trinidad and Tobago 8520:Antigua and Barbuda 8431:continental islands 8228:Colombian Caribbean 8022:Trinidad and Tobago 7860:U.S. Virgin Islands 7746:Antigua and Barbuda 7583:British West Indies 7166:Cartagena de Indias 6788:Diego de Mazariegos 6758:Pere Fages i Beleta 6625:Sebastián de Ocampo 6106:Provincias Internas 6078:Captaincies General 5992:Municipal president 5961:School of Salamanca 5732:Spanish East Indies 5711:Misiones Orientales 5583:Spanish West Indies 5547:, Central America ( 5494:Pyrénées-Orientales 5447:Union with Portugal 5338:Napoleonic invasion 5318:War of Jenkins' Ear 4807:Chamber of Deputies 4790:Commanders-in-chief 4092:Chamber of Deputies 3955:Dominican Civil War 3919:War of Independence 3523:"Las Universidades" 3090:Library of Congress 2458:, and the coast of 2366:Government and Laws 2352:Ferdinand of Aragon 2295:blancos de Castilla 2128:Las Matas de Farfán 1852:Salvaleón de Higüey 1692:War of the Pyrenees 1482:on the mainland of 1358:'s sugar industry, 1224:, headquartered in 1145:'s colonization of 1137:'s colonization of 795:Dominican Civil War 599:Battle of Vega Real 477:Spanish West Indies 8841:National histories 8560:Dominican Republic 8353:Venezuelan Guayana 7699:Dominican Republic 7610:French West Indies 7588:Danish West Indies 7462:Academia Antártica 7417:Other civil topics 6783:Pánfilo de Narváez 6685:Sebastián Vizcaíno 6650:Andrés de Urdaneta 6610:Juan Ponce de León 6595:Ferdinand Magellan 6569:Bernardo de Gálvez 6468:Indian auxiliaries 5966:Trial of residence 5946:Laws of the Indies 5730:Asia and Oceania ( 5591:Dominican Republic 5088:The Unknown Maroon 4902:Telecommunications 4504:Haitian Revolution 4487:Colonial governors 4460:Colonial governors 4209:Telecommunications 3892:Spanish reconquest 3863:Colonial governors 3834:Dominican Republic 2529: 2376: 2307:Limpieza de sangre 2224: 2182:Charles I of Spain 2158: 1948:Hato Mayor del Rey 1876:Compostela de Azua 1680:Haitian Revolution 1676: 1617:Guerra del Asiento 1613: 1598:Bernardo de Gálvez 1548: 1546:National pantheon. 1528:Treaty of Aranjuez 1511:Treaty of Ratisbon 1495: 1401: 1349:By the 1540s, the 1344:Bahoruco Mountains 1316: 1166:Cordillera Central 958:Dominican Republic 742:Spanish occupation 629:Treaty of Aranjuez 519:Dominican Republic 491:Dominican Republic 8753: 8752: 8642:other territories 8472: 8471: 8465:Northern American 8427:Physiographically 8388: 8387: 8296:Yucatán Peninsula 8244: 8243: 8063: 8062: 8034: 8033: 8030: 8029: 8011: 8010: 7956: 7955: 7897:Insular Venezuela 7869: 7868: 7712: 7711: 7538: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7407: 7406: 7312:Spanish conquests 7302: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7087: 7086: 6768:Pedro de Alvarado 6753:Gaspar de Portolà 6748:Pedro de Valdivia 6723:Francisco Pizarro 6675:Nicolás de Ovando 6670:Alonso de Ercilla 6645:Alonso de Salazar 6478:Ships of the line 6426: 6425: 6422: 6421: 6304: 6303: 6300: 6299: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 5878: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5850: 5849: 5807:Northern Africa ( 5803:Equatorial Guinea 5787: 5786: 5724: 5723: 5639: 5638: 5562: 5561: 5553:Spanish Caribbean 5526:Spanish Louisiana 5502: 5501: 5437:Crown of Castille 5401: 5400: 5378:Spanish Civil War 5353:Adams–Onís Treaty 5333:Nootka Convention 5281:Thirty Years' War 5271:Eighty Years' War 5192:Catholic Monarchs 5182:Timeline–immersed 5136: 5135: 5096: 5095: 5073:Sans-Souci Palace 4920: 4919: 4851: 4850: 4814:Political parties 4758:Foreign relations 4730: 4729: 4630:List of massacres 4620:COVID-19 pandemic 4598:Hurricane Matthew 4391: 4390: 4351: 4350: 4227: 4226: 4161: 4160: 4148:Political parties 4109:Foreign relations 4059: 4058: 3965:COVID-19 pandemic 2962:978-1-4051-9427-3 2928:978-0-7661-9438-0 2821:978-0-8239-3627-4 2740:978-1-4633-1368-5 2516: 2515: 2138: 2137: 1670:War ships in the 1556:House of Habsburg 1519:Treaty of Ryswick 1515:Treaty of Ryswick 1442:Spanish in 1666. 1421:Treaty of Ryswick 1408:captured the city 1378:American mainland 1218:Reales Atarazanas 1204:Nicolás de Ovando 1189:Nicolás de Ovando 1185:Nicolás de Ovando 973:Pre-Columbian era 909:, established by 875: 874: 808: 787: 777: 767: 746: 728: 705: 701:Republic of Haiti 682: 668: 647: 624:Treaty of Ryswick 586: 572: 532: 531: 507: 506: 503: 502: 352:Captaincy created 303:• 1864-1865 288:• 1492-1499 255:• 1861-1865 240:• 1492-1504 217:Roman Catholicism 183:Captaincy General 144:Cross of Burgundy 125: 16:(Redirected from 8853: 8710:Saint Barthélemy 8640:Dependencies and 8513:Sovereign states 8499: 8492: 8485: 8476: 8475: 8447:administered by 8439:administered by 8365:Guayana Esequiba 8292: 8291: 8143: 8142: 7920: 7919: 7882: 7881: 7815: 7814: 7796:Saint Barthélemy 7725: 7724: 7687: 7686: 7641: 7640: 7632: 7631: 7565: 7558: 7551: 7542: 7541: 7413: 7412: 7379:Chibchan Nations 7308: 7307: 7277:Santiago de Cuba 7136:Guadalupe Island 7096: 7095: 6823: 6822: 6816: 6815: 6778:Diego de Almagro 6655:Antonio de Ulloa 6559:Ambrosio Spinola 6554:Pedro de Zubiaur 6524:Alfonso d'Avalos 6514:Antonio de Leyva 6458:Army of Flanders 6443: 6442: 6432: 6431: 6321: 6320: 6310: 6309: 6036: 6035: 6025: 6024: 5895: 5894: 5884: 5883: 5852: 5851: 5825:Peñón of Algiers 5789: 5788: 5726: 5725: 5641: 5640: 5564: 5563: 5546: 5504: 5503: 5418: 5417: 5407: 5406: 5328:Seven Years' War 5301:Queen Anne's War 5178: 5177: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5116: 5109: 4931: 4930: 4892: 4862: 4861: 4741: 4740: 4650: 4649: 4583:2004 coup d'état 4578:1991 coup d'état 4566:Duvalier dynasty 4477:Peace of Ryswick 4418: 4411: 4404: 4395: 4394: 4371: 4364: 4238: 4237: 4182: 4172: 4171: 4070: 4069: 3989: 3988: 3977: 3950:Parsley massacre 3827: 3820: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3799: 3769: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3736: 3730: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3697: 3691: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3658: 3652: 3651: 3640:. Random House. 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3614: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3576: 3574: 3568: 3562:. Archived from 3551: 3537: 3531: 3530: 3519: 3513: 3512: 3511:. Potomac Books. 3504: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3460: 3454: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3439: 3433: 3432: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3407: 3401: 3400: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3365: 3359: 3358: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3300: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3235: 3229: 3224: 3218: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3198: 3192: 3191: 3175: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3134: 3128: 3127: 3107: 3101: 3100: 3098: 3096: 3082: 3076: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3049:. Archived from 3042: 3036: 3029: 3023: 3022: 3014: 3008: 3007: 2989: 2983: 2980: 2974: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2912: 2906: 2904: 2896: 2890: 2889: 2881: 2875: 2866:Peter Bakewell, 2864: 2858: 2856: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2765: 2752: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2724: 2718: 2717: 2705: 2689: 2685: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2631: 2616: 2604: 2537:Native Americans 2441: 2434: 2374:Royal Courtyard. 2318: 2313: 2280:Hispanic America 2205:Spanish Conquest 2044:Sabana de la Mar 1723:Cities and towns 1720: 1716:Cities and towns 1586:Seven Years' War 1552:House of Bourbon 1538:Economic revival 1115:Francisco Roldán 1059:Maguana Chiefdom 954:Peace of Ryswick 904: 903: 902: 896: 891: 867: 860: 853: 839: 838: 837: 806: 785: 775: 765: 744: 726: 703: 680: 666: 645: 584: 570: 562: 552: 534: 533: 499: 498: 485: 484: 471: 470: 459: 458: 444: 443: 312: 297: 264: 249: 171: 162: 157: 152: 127: 126: 111: 94: 93:"Further Beyond" 90: 68: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 8861: 8860: 8856: 8855: 8854: 8852: 8851: 8850: 8756: 8755: 8754: 8749: 8643: 8641: 8634: 8508: 8503: 8473: 8468: 8456:is an isolated 8415:are not direct 8411:, of which the 8409:Dutch Caribbean 8397:Territories in 8384: 8324: 8290: 8254: 8251: 8240: 8213: 8147:Central America 8141: 8117: 8115: 8108: 8101:Serranilla Bank 8094:Bajo Nuevo Bank 8070: 8059: 8041: 8026: 8007: 7963: 7952: 7918: 7887: 7876: 7865: 7840: 7813: 7730: 7719: 7708: 7685: 7646: 7626: 7619: 7593:Dutch Caribbean 7574: 7569: 7539: 7530: 7506:Old inquisition 7418: 7403: 7313: 7286: 7242:Trinidad (1797) 7212:La Noche Triste 7200: 7196:San Juan (1797) 7146:San Juan (1595) 7083: 6972: 6812:Notable battles 6807: 6773:Martín de Ursúa 6704: 6635:Alonso de Ojeda 6605:Juan de la Cosa 6590:Pinzón brothers 6573: 6544:John of Austria 6519:Martín de Goiti 6497: 6437: 6418: 6362: 6315: 6296: 6208: 6204:Terra Australis 6199:Río de la Plata 6144:Castilla de Oro 6130: 6072: 6068:Río de la Plata 6030: 6011: 5970: 5929: 5925:Santa Hermandad 5889: 5870: 5866:Terra Australis 5857: 5846: 5813:Spanish Morocco 5794: 5783: 5774:Northern Taiwan 5735: 5720: 5691:Río de la Plata 5646: 5635: 5569: 5568:Central America 5558: 5540: 5509: 5498: 5442:Crown of Aragon 5423: 5412: 5397: 5313:Bourbon Reforms 5183: 5172: 5167: 5137: 5132: 5119: 5112: 5105: 5092: 5078:Public holidays 5068:National anthem 4987: 4916: 4890: 4847: 4780:Law enforcement 4726: 4662:Arrondissements 4639: 4625:2021 earthquake 4588:2010 earthquake 4559:U.S. occupation 4450:Taíno chiefdoms 4431: 4422: 4392: 4387: 4374: 4367: 4360: 4347: 4284: 4270:Public holidays 4223: 4180: 4157: 4055: 4031:Protected areas 4006:Ciudad Colonial 3978: 3969: 3944:Héctor Trujillo 3929:Restoration War 3837: 3831: 3782:"Santo Domingo" 3780: 3777: 3775:Further reading 3772: 3762: 3760: 3753: 3745:. p. 132. 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3714: 3706:. p. 143. 3698: 3694: 3684: 3682: 3675: 3667:. p. 121. 3659: 3655: 3648: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3589: 3585: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3560: 3549: 3538: 3534: 3521: 3520: 3516: 3505: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3476: 3475: 3471: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3423: 3419: 3408: 3404: 3393: 3389: 3382: 3366: 3362: 3355: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3301: 3292: 3283: 3282: 3278: 3268: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3225: 3221: 3214: 3210: 3199: 3195: 3188: 3166: 3162: 3155: 3135: 3131: 3124: 3108: 3104: 3094: 3092: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3070: 3066: 3056: 3054: 3043: 3039: 3031:Banco Popular. 3030: 3026: 3015: 3011: 3004: 2990: 2986: 2981: 2977: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2913: 2909: 2897: 2893: 2882: 2878: 2872:Wiley Blackwell 2865: 2861: 2854: 2840: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2781: 2777: 2766: 2755: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2725: 2721: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2634: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2617: 2608: 2605: 2596: 2521: 2511: 2456:Lesser Antilles 2439: 2429:colonial period 2417:mainland coasts 2413:captain general 2368: 2362:of the Indies. 2344:María de Toledo 2311: 2298:, "whites from 2241: 2216: 2190:Dominican Order 2148: 2143: 1912:La Buenaventura 1718: 1696:Treaty of Basel 1664: 1578: 1540: 1413:Oliver Cromwell 1397:Casa del Cordón 1390: 1301:and soon named 1238: 1151:Hernando Cortes 1131: 1057:Caonabo of the 1032: 1011: 975: 970: 898: 897: 889: 871: 835: 833: 825: 821: 804:Fourth Republic 763:Second Republic 550: 543: 528: 496: 482: 468: 421: 411: 398: 388: 371: 354: 327: 310: 304: 295: 289: 262: 256: 247: 241: 219: 174: 147: 142:; Bottom: Flag 128: 117: 114: 112: 109: 108: 92: 91: 76: 75: 69: 52: 45: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8859: 8849: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8730:Sint Eustatius 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8675:Cayman Islands 8672: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8646: 8644: 8639: 8636: 8635: 8633: 8632: 8627: 8622: 8617: 8612: 8607: 8602: 8597: 8592: 8587: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8542: 8537: 8532: 8527: 8522: 8516: 8514: 8510: 8509: 8502: 8501: 8494: 8487: 8479: 8470: 8469: 8461:oceanic island 8458:North Atlantic 8393: 8390: 8389: 8386: 8385: 8383: 8382: 8377: 8376: 8375: 8368: 8356: 8349: 8342: 8334: 8332: 8326: 8325: 8323: 8322: 8315: 8308: 8300: 8298: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8260: 8258: 8246: 8245: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8231: 8223: 8221: 8215: 8214: 8212: 8211: 8206: 8199: 8192: 8185: 8178: 8171: 8170: 8169: 8157: 8151: 8149: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8137: 8122: 8120: 8110: 8109: 8107: 8106: 8105: 8104: 8097: 8083: 8075: 8073: 8065: 8064: 8061: 8060: 8058: 8051: 8046: 8044: 8036: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8024: 8019: 8012: 8009: 8008: 8006: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7988: 7987: 7986: 7974: 7968: 7966: 7958: 7957: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7950: 7943: 7936: 7928: 7926: 7917: 7916: 7915: 7914: 7907: 7892: 7890: 7879: 7871: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7863: 7856: 7848: 7846: 7845:Virgin Islands 7842: 7841: 7839: 7838: 7831: 7823: 7821: 7812: 7811: 7808:Sint Eustatius 7804: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7777: 7776: 7769: 7762: 7748: 7743: 7735: 7733: 7722: 7714: 7713: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7701: 7695: 7693: 7684: 7683: 7676: 7673:Navassa Island 7669: 7664: 7659: 7656:Cayman Islands 7651: 7649: 7638: 7629: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7606: 7605: 7600: 7590: 7585: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7568: 7567: 7560: 7553: 7545: 7536: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7502: 7501: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7423: 7420: 7419: 7409: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7360: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7322:Canary Islands 7318: 7315: 7314: 7304: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7296: 7295: 7292: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7239: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7208: 7206: 7202: 7201: 7199: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7176:Túpac Amaru II 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7121:Bogotá savanna 7118: 7113: 7108: 7102: 7100: 7093: 7089: 7088: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7029:Spanish Armada 7026: 7021: 7016: 7011: 7006: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6971: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6923:White Mountain 6920: 6918:Cape Celidonia 6915: 6913:English Armada 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6829: 6827: 6820: 6813: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6775: 6770: 6765: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6714: 6712: 6706: 6705: 6703: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6690:Juan Fernández 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6665:Diego Columbus 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6602: 6597: 6592: 6587: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6496: 6495: 6493:Army of Africa 6490: 6485: 6480: 6475: 6473:Spanish Armada 6470: 6465: 6460: 6455: 6449: 6447: 6439: 6438: 6428: 6427: 6424: 6423: 6420: 6419: 6417: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6374:Manila galleon 6370: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6329: 6327: 6317: 6316: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6301: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6140: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6129: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6082: 6080: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6044: 6042: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5937: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5901: 5899: 5891: 5890: 5888:Administration 5880: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5868: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5844: 5809:Western Sahara 5805: 5799: 5796: 5795: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5771: 5740: 5737: 5736: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5718: 5707:Banda Oriental 5688: 5674: 5651: 5648: 5647: 5637: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5580: 5574: 5571: 5570: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5556: 5522:Coastal Alaska 5514: 5511: 5510: 5500: 5499: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5456: 5455: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5428: 5425: 5424: 5414: 5413: 5403: 5402: 5399: 5398: 5396: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5315: 5310: 5305: 5304: 5303: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5194: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5174: 5173: 5170:Spanish Empire 5166: 5165: 5158: 5151: 5143: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5125: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5070: 5065: 5060: 5055: 5050: 5045: 5044: 5043: 5041:Haitian French 5038: 5036:Haitian Creole 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4997: 4995: 4989: 4988: 4986: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4960: 4955: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4934: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4886: 4881: 4876: 4871: 4865: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4845: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4831:Prime Minister 4828: 4827: 4826: 4816: 4811: 4810: 4809: 4804: 4794: 4793: 4792: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4775: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4707:National parks 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4600: 4595: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4573: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4540: 4539: 4534: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4490: 4489: 4482:Saint-Domingue 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4452: 4447: 4441: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4421: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4398: 4389: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4373: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4285: 4283: 4282: 4277: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4247: 4241: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4195: 4194: 4184: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4135: 4134: 4133: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4111: 4106: 4101: 4096: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4079: 4073: 4067: 4061: 4060: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4026:Municipalities 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3979: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3947: 3938:Trujillo Era ( 3936: 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3894: 3889: 3886:Era de Francia 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3866: 3865: 3855: 3847: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: articles 3830: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3770: 3751: 3731: 3712: 3692: 3673: 3653: 3646: 3626: 3601: 3583: 3569:on 18 May 2015 3558: 3532: 3529:on 2 May 2015. 3514: 3494: 3469: 3466:. p. 565. 3455: 3434: 3417: 3402: 3387: 3380: 3360: 3353: 3333: 3316: 3290: 3287:. p. 422. 3276: 3255: 3243:Britannica.com 3230: 3219: 3208: 3193: 3186: 3160: 3153: 3129: 3122: 3102: 3077: 3064: 3053:on 18 May 2008 3037: 3024: 3009: 3002: 2984: 2982:Meining 1986:9 2975: 2961: 2941: 2927: 2907: 2891: 2876: 2859: 2852: 2834: 2820: 2800: 2793: 2775: 2753: 2739: 2719: 2708:Spain (1680). 2699: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2671: 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2583:Ciguana people 2541:African slaves 2533:Queen Isabella 2520: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2452:criminal cases 2438: 2367: 2364: 2358:, Admiral and 2356:Diego Columbus 2321:Mediæval Spain 2240: 2237: 2215: 2212: 2196:'s papal bull 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2135: 2130: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2112: 2111: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2082: 2076: 2075: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2046: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2004: 2003: 1998: 1992: 1991: 1986: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1968: 1967: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1932: 1931: 1926: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1884: 1883: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1866: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1840:Lares de Guaba 1836: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1812: 1811: 1806: 1800: 1799: 1794: 1788: 1787: 1782: 1776: 1775: 1770: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1746: 1740: 1739: 1734: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1717: 1714: 1701:Era de Francia 1663: 1660: 1656:conquistadores 1647:Saint-Domingue 1577: 1574: 1566:Canary Islands 1539: 1536: 1532:Saint-Domingue 1505:under foreign 1476:Saint-Domingue 1467:Saint-Domingue 1463:Louis XIV 1389: 1386: 1295:Laws of Burgos 1279:Real Audiencia 1277:established a 1270:Real Audiencia 1265:Canary Islands 1237: 1234: 1153:' conquest of 1130: 1127: 1031: 1028: 1010: 1007: 974: 971: 969: 966: 873: 872: 870: 869: 862: 855: 847: 844: 843: 830: 829: 827:Jewish history 823:Postal history 815: 814: 810: 809: 800: 799: 798: 797: 789: 788: 783:Third Republic 779: 778: 769: 768: 759: 758: 757: 756: 748: 747: 738: 737: 736: 735: 730: 729: 724:First Republic 720: 719: 718: 717: 707: 706: 697: 696: 695: 694: 684: 683: 674: 673: 670: 669: 660: 659: 658: 657: 649: 648: 639: 638: 637: 636: 634:Peace of Basel 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 594:Taíno genocide 588: 587: 578: 577: 574: 573: 564: 563: 555: 554: 545: 544: 537: 530: 529: 527: 526: 521: 515: 513: 509: 508: 505: 504: 501: 500: 493: 487: 486: 479: 473: 472: 465: 463:Era de Francia 456: 453: 452: 447: 440: 439: 434: 430: 429: 426: 425: 422: 419: 416: 415: 412: 406: 403: 402: 399: 396: 393: 392: 389: 379: 376: 375: 372: 362: 359: 358: 355: 349: 346: 345: 342: 341: 336: 335:Historical era 332: 331: 322: 318: 317: 314: 313: 305: 302: 299: 298: 290: 287: 284: 283: 280: 279: 276: 270: 269: 266: 265: 257: 254: 251: 250: 242: 239: 236: 235: 232: 231: 228: 222: 221: 214: 210: 209: 204: 200: 199: 194: 190: 189: 187:Spanish Empire 180: 176: 175: 172: 164: 163: 130: 129: 115: 96: 95: 78: 77: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 53: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8858: 8847: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8819: 8817: 8814: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8763: 8761: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8637: 8631: 8630:United States 8628: 8626: 8623: 8621: 8618: 8616: 8613: 8611: 8608: 8606: 8603: 8601: 8598: 8596: 8593: 8591: 8588: 8586: 8583: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8541: 8538: 8536: 8533: 8531: 8528: 8526: 8523: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8500: 8495: 8493: 8488: 8486: 8481: 8480: 8477: 8466: 8462: 8459: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8432: 8428: 8424: 8422: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8406: 8400: 8396: 8391: 8381: 8378: 8374: 8373: 8369: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8361: 8360: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8350: 8348: 8347: 8346:French Guiana 8343: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8320: 8316: 8314: 8313: 8309: 8307: 8306: 8302: 8301: 8299: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8237: 8236: 8232: 8230: 8229: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8219:South America 8216: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8193: 8191: 8190: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8179: 8177: 8176: 8172: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8152: 8150: 8148: 8144: 8136: 8135: 8131: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8111: 8103: 8102: 8098: 8096: 8095: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8088: 8084: 8082: 8081: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8066: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8037: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8014: 8013: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7967: 7965: 7959: 7949: 7948: 7944: 7942: 7941: 7937: 7935: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7913: 7912: 7911:Nueva Esparta 7908: 7906: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7889: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7872: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7855: 7854: 7850: 7849: 7847: 7843: 7837: 7836: 7832: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7773:Marie-Galante 7770: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7756: 7755: 7754: 7753: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7732: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7692: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7670: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7657: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7642: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7622: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7595: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7566: 7561: 7559: 7554: 7552: 7547: 7546: 7543: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7500: 7497: 7496: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7457:Tapada limeña 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7443: 7440: 7438: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7424: 7421: 7414: 7410: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7309: 7305: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7203: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7103: 7101: 7097: 7094: 7090: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7049:Montes Claros 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7002: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6989:Vienna (1529) 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6817: 6814: 6810: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6769: 6766: 6764: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6718:Hernán Cortés 6716: 6715: 6713: 6711: 6710:Conquistadors 6707: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6680:Juan de Ayala 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6596: 6593: 6591: 6588: 6586: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6534:Duke of Savoy 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6506: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6489: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6433: 6429: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6333:Dollar (Peso) 6331: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6311: 6307: 6293: 6292:Santo Domingo 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6172: 6170: 6169:New Andalusia 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6137: 6133: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6116:Santo Domingo 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6087: 6084: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6075: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6045: 6043: 6041: 6040:Viceroyalties 6037: 6033: 6026: 6022: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5885: 5881: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5860: 5853: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5790: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5745: 5742: 5741: 5738: 5733: 5727: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5689: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5645:South America 5642: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5565: 5554: 5550: 5544: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5530:Spanish Texas 5527: 5523: 5519: 5516: 5515: 5512: 5508:North America 5505: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5489:Franche-Comté 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5438: 5435: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5429: 5426: 5419: 5415: 5408: 5404: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5324: 5321: 5319: 5316: 5314: 5311: 5309: 5306: 5302: 5299: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5164: 5159: 5157: 5152: 5150: 5145: 5144: 5141: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5103: 5099: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5049: 5046: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5029: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4956: 4954: 4953:Ethnic groups 4951: 4949: 4946: 4944: 4941: 4939: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4887: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4879:External debt 4877: 4875: 4872: 4870: 4867: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4843:Supreme Court 4841: 4837: 4834: 4833: 4832: 4829: 4825: 4822: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4798: 4795: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4774: 4771: 4770: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4677:Deforestation 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4611: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4552: 4550: 4549:Second Empire 4547: 4545: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4509:1804 massacre 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4499:Le Jeune Case 4497: 4495: 4492: 4488: 4485: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4461: 4458: 4457: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4419: 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3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3914:La Trinitaria 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3904:Spanish Haiti 3902: 3900: 3899: 3895: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3864: 3861: 3860: 3859: 3858:Santo Domingo 3856: 3854: 3853: 3849: 3848: 3846: 3844: 3840: 3835: 3828: 3823: 3821: 3816: 3814: 3809: 3808: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3788: 3783: 3779: 3778: 3758: 3754: 3752:9781113147608 3748: 3744: 3743: 3735: 3719: 3715: 3713:9781113147608 3709: 3705: 3704: 3696: 3680: 3676: 3674:9781113147608 3670: 3666: 3665: 3657: 3649: 3647:9781448113224 3643: 3639: 3638: 3630: 3611: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3580: 3565: 3561: 3559:9789945406108 3555: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3536: 3528: 3524: 3518: 3510: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3483: 3479: 3473: 3465: 3459: 3444: 3438: 3430: 3429: 3421: 3413: 3406: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3381:9780826327949 3377: 3373: 3372: 3364: 3356: 3354:9780313341540 3350: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3326: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3299: 3297: 3295: 3286: 3280: 3265: 3259: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3223: 3217: 3212: 3204: 3197: 3189: 3187:1-84353-497-5 3183: 3179: 3174: 3173: 3164: 3156: 3154:0-19-505440-7 3150: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3133: 3125: 3123:9780874368376 3119: 3115: 3114: 3106: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3074: 3071:Jose Franco, 3068: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3034: 3028: 3020: 3013: 3005: 2999: 2995: 2988: 2979: 2964: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2945: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2911: 2902: 2895: 2887: 2880: 2873: 2869: 2863: 2855: 2853:0-631-23160-9 2849: 2845: 2838: 2823: 2817: 2813: 2812: 2804: 2796: 2794:0-8078-4707-0 2790: 2786: 2779: 2771: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2742: 2736: 2732: 2731: 2723: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2700: 2684: 2680: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2626: 2615: 2610: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2591: 2589: 2584: 2580: 2575: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2525: 2519:Native rights 2509: 2505: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468:New Andalusia 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2436: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2403: 2399: 2398: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2384:Spanish crown 2381: 2372: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2317: 2309: 2308: 2303: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2285: 2284:pigmentocracy 2281: 2277: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2256:miscegenation 2252: 2250: 2246: 2236: 2232: 2229: 2220: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2194:Pope Paul III 2191: 2188:monks of the 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2174:Santo Domingo 2171: 2167: 2163: 2156: 2152: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2113: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2033: 2030: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1978: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1793: 1790: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1781: 1780:Santo Domingo 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1693: 1688: 1685: 1684:Spanish crown 1681: 1673: 1668: 1659: 1657: 1652: 1651:French elites 1648: 1642: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1609: 1605: 1604:(1779–1781). 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1576:Age of Piracy 1573: 1571: 1567: 1562: 1557: 1554:replaced the 1553: 1544: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1440: 1436: 1435: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1406: 1405:Francis Drake 1398: 1394: 1385: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1370: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1352: 1351:Caribbean Sea 1347: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1312: 1308: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1296: 1292: 1289:appointed as 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1257:Black Ladinos 1254: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1216:In 1509, the 1214: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1135:Ponce de León 1126: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1110: 1108: 1107:Saint Dominic 1104: 1100: 1094: 1092: 1091:mass killings 1087: 1083: 1078: 1076: 1075:Marie-Galante 1070: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1043: 1039: 1038: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1020:Spanish Crown 1017: 1006: 1004: 1000: 999: 994: 993: 988: 984: 980: 965: 963: 959: 955: 951: 947: 941: 939: 935: 934:Santo Domingo 931: 926: 924: 920: 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294: 291: 285: 281: 277: 275: 271: 267: 261: 258: 252: 246: 243: 237: 233: 229: 227: 223: 218: 215: 211: 208: 205: 201: 198: 197:Santo Domingo 195: 191: 188: 184: 181: 177: 170: 165: 161: 156: 151: 146: 145: 141: 140:Santo Domingo 137: 136:Flag of Spain 131: 110:"Royal March" 107: 106: 101: 97: 89: 88: 83: 79: 74: 67: 60: 55: 49: 42: 33: 30: 19: 8735:Sint Maarten 8715:Saint Martin 8435: 8425: 8402: 8398: 8394: 8370: 8363: 8351: 8344: 8337: 8317: 8310: 8303: 8263: 8256:may include: 8233: 8226: 8201: 8194: 8189:Corn Islands 8187: 8180: 8173: 8164: 8132: 8127:Quintana Roo 8125: 8099: 8092: 8085: 8078: 8053: 7990: 7981: 7945: 7938: 7931: 7909: 7902: 7895: 7858: 7851: 7835:Sint Maarten 7833: 7826: 7819:Saint Martin 7806: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7738: 7678: 7671: 7654: 7432:Architecture 7327:The Americas 7191:Newfoundland 7181:Túpac Katari 7171:Cuerno Verde 7106:Tenochtitlan 6938:Valenciennes 6695:Luis Fajardo 6564:Blas de Lezo 6509:Duke of Alba 6389:Spanish Road 6227:Buenos Aires 6136:Governorates 6115: 5905:Ayuntamiento 5898:Organization 5590: 5363:Carlist Wars 5211:Italian Wars 5006:Coat of arms 4973:Social class 4943:Demographics 4874:Central bank 4768:Human rights 4748:Constitution 4514:First Empire 4454: 4313:Coat of arms 4250:Demographics 4192:Central Bank 4114:Human rights 4099:Constitution 3896: 3884: 3857: 3850: 3786: 3761:. 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Retrieved 2729: 2722: 2709: 2703: 2683: 2587: 2576: 2569: 2559: 2555: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2530: 2492:Tierra Firme 2483: 2460:Tierra Firme 2443: 2424: 2420: 2408: 2406: 2395: 2377: 2348:Duke of Alba 2341: 2305: 2304: 2293: 2287: 2272:black people 2260:caste system 2253: 2242: 2233: 2225: 2209: 2202: 2197: 2159: 1699: 1689: 1677: 1655: 1643: 1637: 1623:waters. The 1614: 1579: 1570:Cibao Valley 1560: 1549: 1496: 1480:Port-de-Paix 1471:Henry Morgan 1459: 1444: 1432: 1429: 1402: 1381: 1374:Spanish Main 1368: 1348: 1336: 1317: 1302: 1298: 1268: 1239: 1215: 1198:In 1503 the 1197: 1178: 1163: 1132: 1123: 1119: 1111: 1095: 1079: 1074: 1071: 1063: 1035: 1033: 1012: 996: 990: 986: 983:Taíno people 976: 952:in the 1697 942: 927: 878: 876: 819:LGBT history 710: 687: 581: 450:Succeeded by 449: 384:returned to 339:Colonial era 133: 103: 99: 82:Motto: 81: 29: 8705:Puerto Rico 8615:Saint Lucia 8565:El Salvador 8421:Netherlands 8413:BES islands 8405:SSS islands 8330:The Guianas 8276:El Salvador 8166:Bay Islands 8116:continental 8080:Aves Island 8042:Archipelago 7998:Saint Lucia 7924:ABC islands 7766:Les Saintes 7759:La Désirade 7680:Puerto Rico 7399:Philippines 7364:El Salvador 6984:Capo d'Orso 6868:St. Quentin 6843:Rome (1527) 6502:Strategists 6252:Guadalajara 6179:New Navarre 6174:New Castile 6159:La Luisiana 6111:Puerto Rico 6101:Philippines 6058:New Granada 5748:Philippines 5709:(Uruguay), 5705:(Bolivia), 5655:New Granada 5595:Puerto Rico 5541: [ 5411:Territories 5231:Encomiendas 4884:Foreign aid 4869:Agriculture 4773:LGBT rights 4692:Environment 4687:Earthquakes 4682:Departments 4613:2022 crisis 4131:enforcement 4119:LGBT rights 3898:España Boba 3875:Slave trade 3573:3 September 3541:Bosch, Juan 2588:encomendado 2556:encomiendas 2549:encomendero 2476:Santa Marta 2448:civil cases 2282:, became a 2268:Amerindians 2172:in 1538 in 2008:Monte Plata 1726:Foundation 1662:Later years 1634:slave ships 1621:West Indian 1594:merchantmen 1588:, allowing 1382:intermixing 1364:Gulf Stream 1328:Diego Colon 1304:visitadores 1261:West Indies 1242:Ferdinand I 1208:Renaissance 1193:Ozama River 1139:Puerto Rico 1037:Santa María 786:(1924–1965) 776:(1916–1924) 766:(1865–1916) 745:(1861–1865) 727:(1844–1861) 704:(1822–1844) 681:(1821–1822) 667:(1809–1821) 664:España Boba 646:(1795–1809) 585:(1492–1795) 549:History of 367:annexed to 321:Legislature 260:Isabella II 113:(1775–1821) 105:Marcha Real 8760:Categories 8700:Montserrat 8695:Martinique 8690:Guadeloupe 8545:Costa Rica 8372:Tigri Area 8271:Costa Rica 7992:Martinique 7782:Montserrat 7752:Guadeloupe 7691:Hispaniola 7069:Somosierra 7059:Manila Bay 6933:Nördlingen 6873:Gravelines 6353:Columnario 6325:Currencies 6242:Concepción 6214:Audiencias 6189:New Toledo 6154:La Florida 5987:Corregidor 5951:Papal bull 5856:Antarctica 5764:Micronesia 5221:Golden Age 5083:Television 5048:Literature 4891:(currency) 4797:Parliament 4763:Government 4697:Hispaniola 4328:Literature 4181:(currency) 4011:Hispaniola 3309:. p. 3003:0714841579 2712:. Madrid. 2696:References 2561:adelantado 2545:encomienda 2484:Audiencias 2329:olive skin 2325:Visigothic 2264:mixed-race 2249:sugar cane 2170:papal bull 1984:Peralvillo 1590:privateers 1499:Parliament 1484:Hispaniola 1356:Hispaniola 1339:Enriquillo 1103:Isabella I 1066:Hispaniola 1049:, and the 1042:La Navidad 1024:Hispaniola 992:Hispaniola 915:Hispaniola 890:pronounced 220:(official) 87:Plus Ultra 8685:Greenland 8600:Nicaragua 8575:Guatemala 8286:Nicaragua 8281:Guatemala 8252:groupings 8114:Caribbean 8069:Caribbean 7877:Caribbean 7374:Nicaragua 7352:Guatemala 7262:Pichincha 7247:Chacabuco 7186:Pensacola 7131:Mataquito 7111:Cajamarca 7092:New World 7064:Trafalgar 6968:Alhucemas 6848:Landriano 6833:Comuneros 6819:Old World 6763:Joan Orpí 6483:Royalists 6257:Guatemala 6184:New Spain 6121:Venezuela 6096:Guatemala 6053:New Spain 6048:Columbian 5941:Exequatur 5841:Cape Juby 5695:Argentina 5518:New Spain 5452:Gibraltar 5216:Habsburgs 5063:Mythology 5031:Languages 4978:Squatting 4948:Education 4912:Transport 4819:President 4753:Elections 4645:Geography 4537:1820–1849 4532:1806–1820 4528:Republic 4255:Education 4219:Transport 4199:Companies 4153:President 4104:Elections 4036:Provinces 4021:Mountains 3984:Geography 3852:Cacicazgo 3448:16 August 3248:4 January 2870:, pg 114 2579:Guarionex 2535:declared 2504:North Sea 2500:New Spain 2496:Guatemala 2478:; and in 2464:Venezuela 2444:Audiencia 2425:Audiencia 2421:audiencia 2409:audiencia 2397:audiencia 2392:Charles V 2146:Education 1828:Les Cayes 1486:in 1676. 1403:In 1586, 1275:Ferdinand 1170:gold rush 1016:Caribbean 938:Old World 923:Caribbean 907:New World 213:Religion 57:1492–1865 8650:Anguilla 8585:Honduras 8555:Dominica 8530:Barbados 8449:Colombia 8429:, these 8380:Suriname 8305:Campeche 8160:Honduras 8017:Barbados 7972:Dominica 7962:Windward 7888:Antilles 7875:Southern 7740:Anguilla 7720:Antilles 7647:Antilles 7636:Antilles 7384:Colombia 7369:Honduras 7282:Asomante 7267:Ayacucho 7257:Carabobo 7232:Curalaba 7009:Ceresole 6903:Gembloux 6863:Mühlberg 6578:Mariners 6436:Military 6358:Doubloon 6343:Maravedí 6287:Santiago 6194:Paraguay 5920:Germania 5760:Caroline 5715:Malvinas 5699:Paraguay 5659:Colombia 5601:Trinidad 5468:Sardinia 5308:Bourbons 5123:Category 4963:Religion 4785:Military 4736:Politics 4717:Wildlife 4608:Gang war 4445:Timeline 4429:articles 4378:Category 4275:Religion 4265:Language 4143:Politics 4138:Military 4082:Congress 4065:Politics 4051:Wildlife 3757:Archived 3718:Archived 3679:Archived 3543:(1995). 3269:24 April 3095:18 March 2622:See also 2571:caciques 2531:In 1501 2472:Riohacha 2337:hidalgos 2312:Spanish: 2276:majorats 2214:Religion 2186:Catholic 2166:Americas 1630:Atlantic 1501:forbade 1439:smallpox 1246:Isabella 998:caciques 540:a series 538:Part of 433:Currency 274:Governor 8680:Curaçao 8665:Bonaire 8660:Bermuda 8590:Jamaica 8570:Grenada 8525:Bahamas 8454:Bermuda 8417:Kingdom 8399:italics 8319:Yucatán 8265:Bermuda 8134:Cozumel 8049:Bahamas 8040:Lucayan 7977:Grenada 7964:Islands 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