Knowledge

Congelation

Source 📝

1273: 1249: 411: 1021: 798: 833: 1314: 1338: 852: 805: 1229: 1035: 265: 234: 1170: 819: 785: 631: 1333: 1220: 1215: 1102: 756: 1307: 701: 1074: 1060: 953: 939: 877: 932: 925: 696: 590: 520: 97: 1053: 391: 297: 1300: 998: 656: 396: 307: 1190: 510: 112: 93: 1175: 911: 812: 661: 545: 258: 133: 1280: 444: 342: 337: 8: 1185: 1081: 1028: 990: 946: 676: 327: 727: 1088: 1014: 282: 205: 128: 1288: 1225: 1150: 1095: 839: 779: 686: 636: 550: 525: 312: 230: 213: 1252: 904: 871: 772: 742: 616: 606: 585: 469: 464: 419: 360: 251: 78: 63: 1233: 978: 959: 732: 706: 611: 565: 530: 505: 429: 352: 322: 50: 1284: 1165: 1155: 1007: 858: 621: 92:
It was one of the twelve alchemical operations involved in the creation of the
651: 1327: 1272: 1195: 1109: 972: 722: 671: 535: 454: 890: 691: 646: 641: 626: 570: 555: 515: 217: 1145: 1067: 918: 897: 580: 575: 540: 370: 1160: 826: 737: 681: 489: 484: 474: 375: 1180: 560: 459: 449: 434: 424: 317: 243: 1210: 666: 479: 439: 401: 1135: 1130: 365: 332: 274: 46: 1205: 302: 84: 1200: 1140: 20: 227:
The Alchemy Reader: From Hermes Trismegistus to Isaac Newton
73:), it is one of "the four principal operations", along with 1325: 1022:Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air 45:) was a term used in medieval and early modern 799:Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth 1308: 259: 430:pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās) 57: 30: 24: 1315: 1301: 546:John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade) 266: 252: 834:Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz 229:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 204: 188: 152: 62:('The Secret of Alchemy') attributed to 1326: 622:George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes) 224: 176: 164: 702:Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes) 273: 247: 1267: 853:De consideratione quintae essentiae 13: 14: 1350: 1271: 1248: 1247: 820:Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit 212:. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. 787:Liber de compositione alchemiae 511:(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova 470:pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid) 318:Hermes Trismegistus (legendary) 49:for the process known today as 1036:Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine 198: 182: 170: 158: 146: 1: 1103:Theatrum chemicum Britannicum 139: 117:Dictionnaire mytho-hermétique 101: 67: 1287:. You can help Knowledge by 7: 1075:Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum 1061:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa 225:Linden, Stanton J. (2003). 122: 10: 1355: 1339:History of chemistry stubs 1266: 954:Rosary of the Philosophers 940:Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis 879:Liber Hermetis de alchemia 1243: 1123: 1045: 764: 755: 715: 617:pseudo-Bernard of Treviso 599: 498: 450:Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith) 420:Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes) 410: 384: 351: 290: 281: 465:Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber) 298:Agathodaemon (legendary) 657:Jan Baptist van Helmont 397:Stephanus of Alexandria 490:al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis) 113:Antoine-Joseph Pernety 58: 25: 926:Nabataean Agriculture 813:Books of the Balances 662:Johann Rudolf Glauber 632:Giovanni da Correggio 134:Magnum opus (alchemy) 71: 668–704 or 709 1334:Alchemical processes 1281:history of chemistry 1171:In art/entertainment 581:(pseudo-)Roger Bacon 343:Zosimos of Panopolis 338:Paphnutia the Virgin 94:philosophers' stone 40:freezing, congealing 1191:Philosophers' stone 1186:Pill of Immortality 1082:Fasciculus chemicus 1029:Turba philosophorum 947:Physika kai mystika 677:Michael Sendivogius 556:pseudo-Michael Scot 392:pseudo-Olympiodorus 333:Ostanes (legendary) 109:Compound of Alchymy 83:('whitening'), and 1089:Musaeum Hermeticum 1015:Summa perfectionis 994:(pseudo-Aristotle) 984:Secret of Creation 933:Ordinal of Alchemy 576:pseudo-Ramon Llull 480:Maslama al-Qurṭubī 129:Alchemical process 1296: 1295: 1261: 1260: 1119: 1118: 1096:Theatrum chemicum 912:Mirror of Alchimy 864:Tabula Smaragdina 841:Clavis sapientiae 780:Aurora consurgens 751: 750: 687:Pierre-Jean Fabre 637:Heinrich Khunrath 551:Magister Salernus 526:Guido di Montanor 313:pseudo-Democritus 275:Alchemy (general) 206:Holmyard, Eric J. 98:Sir George Ripley 59:Secreta alchymiae 1346: 1317: 1310: 1303: 1275: 1268: 1251: 1250: 965:Step of the Sage 905:Mappae clavicula 872:Leyden papyrus X 773:Atalanta fugiens 762: 761: 743:Mary Anne Atwood 728:Eugène Canseliet 607:Andreas Libavius 586:Taddeo Alderotti 361:Fang (alchemist) 308:pseudo-Cleopatra 288: 287: 268: 261: 254: 245: 244: 240: 221: 192: 186: 180: 174: 168: 162: 156: 150: 111:, as well as by 106: 105: 1415–1490 103: 96:as described by 72: 69: 64:Khalid ibn Yazid 61: 44: 41: 38: 35: 32: 28: 1354: 1353: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1343: 1324: 1323: 1322: 1321: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1239: 1234:Suns in alchemy 1115: 1041: 980:Sirr al-khalīqa 961:Rutbat al-ḥakīm 845:Miftāḥ al-ḥikma 747: 733:Frater Albertus 711: 707:Wilhelm Homberg 612:Basil Valentine 595: 566:Paul of Taranto 531:Hugh of Evesham 506:pseudo-Albertus 494: 440:pseudo-Avicenna 406: 380: 353:Ancient Chinese 347: 323:Mary the Jewess 277: 272: 237: 201: 196: 195: 187: 183: 175: 171: 163: 159: 151: 147: 142: 125: 104: 89:('reddening'). 70: 51:crystallization 42: 39: 36: 33: 12: 11: 5: 1352: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1320: 1319: 1312: 1305: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1276: 1259: 1258: 1256: 1255: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1238: 1237: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1166:Iatrochemistry 1163: 1158: 1156:Elixir of life 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1113: 1106: 1099: 1092: 1085: 1078: 1071: 1064: 1057: 1049: 1047: 1043: 1042: 1040: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1018: 1011: 1008:Splendor solis 1004: 996: 988: 976: 969: 957: 950: 943: 936: 929: 922: 915: 908: 901: 894: 887: 875: 868: 860:Emerald Tablet 856: 849: 837: 830: 823: 816: 809: 802: 795: 783: 776: 768: 766: 759: 753: 752: 749: 748: 746: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 719: 717: 713: 712: 710: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 669: 664: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 609: 603: 601: 597: 596: 594: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 500: 496: 495: 493: 492: 487: 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 445:Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 416: 414: 412:Arabic-Islamic 408: 407: 405: 404: 399: 394: 388: 386: 382: 381: 379: 378: 373: 368: 363: 357: 355: 349: 348: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 310: 305: 300: 294: 292: 291:Greco-Egyptian 285: 279: 278: 271: 270: 263: 256: 248: 242: 241: 235: 222: 200: 197: 194: 193: 191:, p. 150. 181: 169: 157: 155:, p. 271. 144: 143: 141: 138: 137: 136: 131: 124: 121: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1351: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1318: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1299: 1298: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1283:article is a 1282: 1277: 1274: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1254: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1196:Prima materia 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1111: 1110:Tripus aureus 1107: 1105: 1104: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1093: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1058: 1056: 1055: 1054:Aureum vellus 1051: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1019: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1010: 1009: 1005: 1003: 1001: 1000:Sirr al-asrār 997: 995: 993: 992:Sirr al-asrār 989: 987: 985: 981: 977: 975: 974: 973:Seventy Books 970: 968: 966: 962: 958: 956: 955: 951: 949: 948: 944: 942: 941: 937: 935: 934: 930: 928: 927: 923: 921: 920: 916: 914: 913: 909: 907: 906: 902: 900: 899: 895: 893: 892: 888: 886: 884: 883:Liber dabessi 880: 876: 874: 873: 869: 867: 865: 861: 857: 855: 854: 850: 848: 846: 842: 838: 836: 835: 831: 829: 828: 824: 822: 821: 817: 815: 814: 810: 808: 807: 806:Book of Mercy 803: 801: 800: 796: 794: 792: 788: 784: 782: 781: 777: 775: 774: 770: 769: 767: 763: 760: 758: 754: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 720: 718: 714: 708: 705: 703: 700: 698: 697:Samuel Norton 695: 693: 690: 688: 685: 683: 680: 678: 675: 673: 672:Michael Maier 670: 668: 665: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 628: 625: 623: 620: 618: 615: 613: 610: 608: 605: 604: 602: 598: 592: 591:Thomas Norton 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 536:Johann of Laz 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 521:George Ripley 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 503: 501: 499:Late medieval 497: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 455:Ibn Waḥshiyya 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 417: 415: 413: 409: 403: 400: 398: 395: 393: 390: 389: 387: 383: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 358: 356: 354: 350: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 293: 289: 286: 284: 280: 276: 269: 264: 262: 257: 255: 250: 249: 246: 238: 236:0-521-79234-7 232: 228: 223: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 202: 190: 189:Holmyard 1957 185: 179:, p. 17. 178: 173: 167:, p. 73. 166: 161: 154: 153:Holmyard 1957 149: 145: 135: 132: 130: 127: 126: 120: 118: 114: 110: 99: 95: 90: 88: 87: 82: 81: 76: 65: 60: 54: 52: 48: 27: 22: 18: 1289:expanding it 1278: 1263: 1253:All articles 1108: 1101: 1094: 1087: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1059: 1052: 1046:Compilations 1034: 1027: 1020: 1013: 1006: 999: 991: 983: 979: 971: 964: 960: 952: 945: 938: 931: 924: 917: 910: 903: 896: 891:Liber ignium 889: 882: 878: 870: 863: 859: 851: 844: 840: 832: 825: 818: 811: 804: 797: 790: 786: 778: 771: 692:Robert Boyle 647:Isaac Newton 642:Hennig Brand 627:Gerhard Dorn 600:Early modern 571:Petrus Bonus 516:pseudo-Geber 328:pseudo-Moses 226: 209: 184: 172: 160: 148: 116: 108: 91: 86:Rubification 85: 80:Albification 79: 74: 55: 16: 15: 1176:Magnum opus 1146:Chrysopoeia 1068:De alchemia 919:Mutus liber 898:Liber lucis 765:Major Works 652:Jakob Böhme 541:John Dastin 485:al-Ṭughrāʾī 371:Master Geng 199:Works cited 177:Linden 2003 165:Linden 2003 17:Congelation 1328:Categories 1221:Substances 1161:Homunculus 827:Cantong Qi 738:Fulcanelli 682:Paracelsus 475:al-Jildakī 376:Wei Boyang 283:Alchemists 140:References 26:congelātiō 1216:Processes 1181:Ouroboros 1002:(al-Rāzī) 723:Carl Jung 561:Ortolanus 460:al-ʿIrāqī 435:Artephius 425:Alphidius 385:Byzantine 107:) in his 1211:Yliaster 791:Morienus 757:Writings 667:John Dee 402:Synesius 208:(1957). 123:See also 119:(1758). 75:Solution 1230:Unicode 1226:Symbols 1151:Element 1136:Athanor 1131:Alembic 1124:Various 366:Ge Hong 218:2080637 210:Alchemy 115:in his 56:In the 47:alchemy 34:  1206:Takwin 716:Modern 303:Chymes 233:  216:  19:(from 1279:This 1201:Rebis 1141:Azoth 21:Latin 1285:stub 231:ISBN 214:OCLC 31:lit. 53:. 1330:: 1232:, 102:c. 77:, 68:c. 29:, 23:: 1316:e 1309:t 1302:v 1291:. 1236:) 1228:( 986:) 982:( 967:) 963:( 885:) 881:( 866:) 862:( 847:) 843:( 793:) 789:( 267:e 260:t 253:v 239:. 220:. 100:( 66:( 43:' 37:'

Index

Latin
alchemy
crystallization
Khalid ibn Yazid
Albification
Rubification
philosophers' stone
Sir George Ripley
Antoine-Joseph Pernety
Alchemical process
Magnum opus (alchemy)
Holmyard 1957
Linden 2003
Linden 2003
Holmyard 1957
Holmyard, Eric J.
OCLC
2080637
ISBN
0-521-79234-7
v
t
e
Alchemy (general)
Alchemists
Agathodaemon (legendary)
Chymes
pseudo-Cleopatra
pseudo-Democritus
Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.