2393:
features of natural languages can be repurposed for conlangs, posting of interesting short texts as translation challenges, and meta-discussion about the philosophy of conlanging, conlangers' purposes, and whether conlanging is an art or a hobby. Another 2001 survey by
Patrick Jarrett showed an average age of 30.65, with the average time since starting to invent languages 11.83 years. A more recent thread on the ZBB showed that many conlangers spend a relatively small amount of time on any one conlang, moving from one project to another; about a third spend years on developing the same language.
1442:
2405:
48:
2385:, and its own terminology. Sarah Higley reports from results of her surveys that the demographics of the Conlang list are primarily men from North America and western Europe, with a smaller number from Oceania, Asia, the Middle East, and South America, with an age range from thirteen to over sixty; the number of women participating has increased over time.
1675:
2889:"My hypothesis was that if I constructed a language designed specifically to provide a more adequate mechanism for expressing women's perceptions, women would (a) embrace it and begin using it, or (b) embrace the idea but not the language, say "Elgin, you've got it all wrong!" and construct some other "women's language" to replace it."
276:
consider their language artificial, since they assert that it has no invented content: Interlingua's vocabulary is taken from a small set of natural languages, and its grammar is based closely on these source languages, even including some degree of irregularity; its proponents prefer to describe its
413:
reasons would also be classifiable as an artistic language; one created with philosophical motives could include being used as an auxiliary language. There are no rules, either inherent in the process of language construction or externally imposed, that would limit a constructed language to fitting
331:
change. In contrast with languages such as
Interlingua, naturalistic fictional languages are not usually intended for easy learning or communication. Thus, naturalistic fictional languages tend to be more difficult and complex. While Interlingua has simpler grammar, syntax, and orthography than its
546:, Pinker states that children spontaneously re-invent slang and even grammar with each generation. These linguists argue that attempts to control the range of human thought through the reform of language would fail, as concepts like "freedom" will reappear in new words if the old words vanish.
2392:
Bulletin Board (ZBB; since 2001) and the
Conlanger Bulletin Board. Discussion on these forums includes presentation of members' conlangs and feedback from other members, discussion of natural languages, whether particular conlang features have natural language precedents, and how interesting
556:
Another reason cited for using a constructed language is the telescope rule, which claims that it takes less time to first learn a simple constructed language and then a natural language, than to learn only a natural language. Thus, if someone wants to learn
English, some suggest learning
2334:
However, Peterson also expressed concern that the respective rights-holders—regardless of whether or not their ownership of the rights is legitimate—would be likely to sue individuals who publish material in said languages, especially if the author might profit from said material.
676:
book series, the language should be easily pronounced by actors, and should fit with and incorporate any fragments of the language already invented by the book's author, and preferably also fit with any personal names of fictional speakers of the language.
489:
is sometimes cited; this claims that the language one speaks influences the way one thinks. Thus, a "better" language should allow the speaker to think more clearly or intelligently or to encompass more points of view; this was the intention of
2369:. The Conlang Mailing List was founded in 1991, and later split off an AUXLANG mailing list dedicated to international auxiliary languages. In the early to mid-1990s a few conlang-related zines were published as email or websites, such as
1635:. Athenaeus recounts a story told by Heracleides of Lembos that Alexarchus "introduced a peculiar vocabulary, referring to a rooster as a "dawn-crier", a barber as a "mortal-shaver", a drachma as "worked silver", ... and a herald as an
2090:; within a decade, 283 Volapükist clubs were counted all over the globe. However, disagreements between Schleyer and some prominent users of the language led to schism, and by the mid-1890s it fell into obscurity, making way for
2142:(2010) is a spoken language that is optimized for communication between machines and humans. The major goals of ROILA are that it should be easily learnable by the human user, and optimized for efficient recognition by computer
301:
194:
means the prescriptions given to a natural language to standardize it; in this regard, even a "natural language" may be artificial in some respects, meaning some of its words have been crafted by conscious decision.
2349:, an attempted composite reconstruction of up to a dozen extinct Tasmanian indigenous languages, and has asked Knowledge to remove its page on the project. However, there is no current legal backing for the claim.
732:
language is any constructed language with some features which are not based on existing languages. Instead these features are invented or elaborated to work differently or to allude to different purposes. Some
1998:
languages moved more and more to the lunatic fringe. Individual authors, typically unaware of the history of the idea, continued to propose taxonomic philosophical languages until the early 20th century (e.g.
2331:, advocated a similar opinion, saying that "Theoretically, anyone can publish anything using any language I created, and, in my opinion, neither I nor anyone else should be able to do anything about it."
2160:
Artists may use language as a source of creativity in art, poetry, or calligraphy, or as a metaphor to address themes as cultural diversity and the vulnerability of the individual in a globalized world.
2164:
Some people prefer however to take pleasure in constructing, crafting a language by a conscious decision for reasons of literary enjoyment or aesthetic reasons without any claim of usefulness. Such
2342:—but those courses are licensed by the respective copyright holders. Because only a few such disputes have occurred thus far, the legal consensus on ownership of languages remains uncertain.
211:, are rule-based codifications of natural languages, such codifications being a middle ground between naïve natural selection and development of language and its explicit construction. The term
442:
As soon as a constructed language has a community of fluent speakers, especially if it has numerous native speakers, it begins to evolve and hence loses its constructed status. For example,
2338:
Furthermore, comprehensive learning material for such constructed languages as High
Valyrian and Klingon has been published and made freely accessible on the language-learning platform
1961:. These projects were not only occupied with reducing or modelling grammar, but also with the arrangement of all human knowledge into "characters" or hierarchies, an idea that with the
2302:
The matter of whether or not a constructed language can be owned or protected by intellectual property laws, or if it would even be possible to enforce those laws, is contentious.
409:
The boundaries between these categories are by no means clear. A constructed language could easily fall into more than one of the above categories. A logical language created for
549:
Proponents claim a particular language makes it easier to express and understand concepts in one area, and more difficult in others. An example can be taken from the way various
4050:
2317:, among other creative elements. During the controversy, Marc Okrand, the language's original designer expressed doubt as to whether Paramount's claims of ownership were valid.
2837:
119:(or engineered languages/engelangs) are languages that have been purposefully designed; they are the result of deliberate, controlling intervention and are thus of a form of
332:
source languages (though more complex and irregular than
Esperanto or its descendants), naturalistic fictional languages typically mimic behaviors of natural languages like
2215:
the existence of a complete language, or whatever portions of the language are needed for the story. Constructed languages are a regular part of the genre, appearing in
1957:
of 1678, aiming at a lexicon of characters upon which the user might perform calculations that would yield true propositions automatically, as a side-effect developing
565:
and other grammatical quirks. Some studies have found that learning
Esperanto helps in learning a non-constructed language later (see propaedeutic value of Esperanto).
2454:
179:
is sometimes used to indicate international auxiliary languages and other languages designed for actual use in human communication. Some prefer it to the adjective
4417:
30:
This article is about the creation of planned or artificial human languages. For information about the linguistic field of language planning and policy, see
516:, where they were used to test the applicant's ability to infer and apply grammatical rules. By the same token, a constructed language might also be used to
1978:
Leibniz and the encyclopedists realized that it is impossible to organize human knowledge unequivocally in a tree diagram, and consequently to construct an
2115:
757:, created for either personal use or for use in a fictional medium, employ consciously constructed grammars and vocabularies, and are best understood as
2620:
1557:
in
Hermogenes's contention that words are not inherently linked to what they refer to; that people apply "a piece of their own voice ... to the thing".
482:, a 1903 collection of early texts in the language, require many footnotes on the syntactic and lexical differences between early and modern Esperanto.
293:
also avoid the term "artificial language" because they deny that there is anything "unnatural" about the use of their language in human communication.
1783:
was a project of a perfect language with which the infidels could be convinced of the truth of the
Christian faith. It was basically an application of
2919:
1666:
constructed a set of rules for explaining language, so that the text of his grammar may be considered a mixture of natural and constructed language.
705:, "from the former") constructed language is one whose features (including vocabulary, grammar, etc.) are not based on an existing language, and an
656:
One constraint on a constructed language is that if it was constructed to be a natural language for use by fictional foreigners or aliens, as with
272:
The terms "planned", "constructed", "invented", "fictional" and "artificial" are used differently in some traditions. For example, few speakers of
2682:
3586:
3402:
In the Land of
Invented Languages: Esperanto Rock Stars, Klingon Poets, Loglan Lovers, and the Mad Dreamers Who Tried to Build A Perfect Language
753:, try to categorize their vocabulary, either to express an underlying philosophy or to make it easier to recognize new vocabulary. Finally, many
4459:
405:), devised to create aesthetic pleasure or humorous effect (secret languages and mystical languages are also usually classified as artlangs).
4439:
2107:
1975:, or purely written languages with no spoken form or a spoken form that would vary greatly according to the native language of the reader.
474:
and other languages spoken by revivalists. Zuckermann therefore endorses the translation of the Hebrew Bible into what he calls "Israeli".
306:
through arbitrary institutions and the conventions of peoples. Voices, as the dialecticians say, don't signify naturally, but capriciously.
285:
have been removed. As with Interlingua, some prefer to describe its development as "planning" rather than "constructing". Some speakers of
741:
that remove what could be considered an unfair learning advantage for native speakers of a source language that would otherwise exist for
3174:
2892:
478:
as a living spoken language has evolved significantly from the prescriptive blueprint published in 1887, so that modern editions of the
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2726:
887:
504:
3229:
1643:"He once wrote something ... to the public authorities in Casandreia ... As for what this letter says, in my opinion not even the
1506:
1176:
4444:
4403:
1478:
2834:
2313:
challenged a fan film project called Axanar, stating the project infringed upon their intellectual property, which included the
2211:
works set in other worlds to feature constructed languages, or more commonly, an extremely limited but defined vocabulary which
1719:
The earliest non-natural languages were considered less "constructed" than "super-natural", mystical, or divinely inspired. The
1058:, is any constructed language whose elements are borrowed from or based on existing languages. The term can also be extended to
4449:
3260:
3415:
1459:
1485:
417:
A constructed language can have native speakers if young children learn it from parents who speak it fluently. According to
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4434:
1904:
The Groundwork or Foundation laid (or So Intended) for the Framing of a New Perfect Language and a Universal Common Writing
3528:
3579:
2067:. During the 19th century, a bewildering variety of such International Auxiliary Languages (IALs) were proposed, so that
2194:
developed families of related fictional languages and discussed artistic languages publicly, giving a lecture entitled "
1662:), they were not used to construct new grammars. Roughly contemporary to Plato, in his descriptive grammar of Sanskrit,
3434:
2776:
2118:. The success of Esperanto did not stop others from trying to construct new auxiliary languages, such as Leslie Jones'
2111:
257:
census of 2010 found that in Russia there were about 992 speakers of Esperanto (the 120th most common) and nine of the
34:. For languages that naturally emerge in computer simulations or controlled psychological experiments with humans, see
1492:
470:
argues that Modern Hebrew, which he terms "Israeli", is a Semito-European hybrid based not only on Hebrew but also on
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3334:
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3002:
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language is the opposite. This categorization, however, is not absolute, as many constructed languages may be called
3676:
3626:
2201:
2040:
738:
385:
133:
1716:—the Irish language. This appears to be the first mention of the concept of a constructed language in literature.
1706:, and he and his scholars studied the various languages for ten years, taking the best features of each to create
4184:
3461:
2234:
1650:
While the mechanisms of grammar suggested by classical philosophers were designed to explain existing languages (
1474:
577:
568:
561:
first. Constructed languages like Esperanto and Interlingua are in fact often simpler due to the typical lack of
3480:
2007:
have had more modest goals; some are limited to a specific field, like mathematical formalism or calculus (e.g.
4508:
3572:
3496:
3443:
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pronunciation, rather than engineered from scratch, and has undergone considerable changes since the state of
393:) or IALs (for International Auxiliary Languages), devised for interlinguistic or international communication;
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2617:
2419:
2056:
3157:
2944:
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2410:
2008:
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3272:
thread on Conlang mailing list, 27 August 2008 (should be archived more persistently than the ZBB thread)
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1946:
1727:, is an example, and apparently the first entirely artificial language. It is a form of private mystical
1062:
of natural languages, and is most commonly used to refer to vocabulary despite other features. Likewise,
562:
3083:
3038:, "Al la historio de la Provoj de Lingvoj Tutmondaj de Leibnitz ĝis la Nuna Tempo", 1884. Reprinted in
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812:
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languages, tempered by the requirement of usability of an auxiliary language. Thus far, these modern
1779:
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424:
144:
or an associated constructed setting an added layer of realism; for experimentation in the fields of
3122:
2180:
contexts), but they only seem to gain notability as serious projects beginning in the 20th century.
485:
Proponents of constructed languages often have many reasons for using them. The famous but disputed
296:
By contrast, some philosophers have argued that all human languages are conventional or artificial.
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1958:
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Various papers on constructed languages were published from the 1970s through the 1990s, such as
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1452:
196:
17:
1990:
critically reviewed the projects of philosophical languages of the preceding century. After the
1891:
The 17th century saw the rise of projects for "philosophical" or "a priori" languages, such as:
4216:
3653:
3407:
2571:
2087:
746:
672:
362:
3198:
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2106:, the most recent auxlang to gain a significant number of speakers, emerged in 1951, when the
1833:, attempted to show how all languages can be reduced to one. In the 17th century, interest in
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2016:
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2012:
1962:
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51:
The Conlang Flag, a symbol of language construction created by subscribers to the CONLANG
8:
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3948:
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3305:
Esperanto is the world's most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary language.
3225:
2539:
2208:
2169:
2004:
1822:
1724:
1682:. This three-page foldout from the manuscript includes a chart that appears astronomical.
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349:
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vocabulary and grammar as standardized rather than artificial or constructed. Similarly,
35:
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3269:
128:
There are many possible reasons to create a constructed language, such as to ease human
4335:
4254:
4244:
4084:
4070:
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3791:
3736:
3614:
2856:, ed. L. L. Zamenhof, 1903; 18th edition with footnotes by Gaston Waringhien, UEA 1992.
2586:
2554:
2324:
2310:
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2267:
2182:
2143:
1679:
1358:
1124:
1078:
930:
754:
642:
432:
200:
112:
39:
3508:, a typological database of conlangs, based on the World Atlas of Language Structures.
3290:(constructed languages), and the study of artificial languages and related matters is
315:
if they model real world languages. For example, if a naturalistic conlang is derived
4518:
4104:
4076:
4040:
4003:
3936:
3816:
3609:
3520:, a conlanging tools website, with documentation for over 5000 constructed languages.
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3411:
3400:
3384:
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3330:
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2772:
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2165:
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1950:
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216:
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121:
31:
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from another language (real or constructed), it should imitate natural processes of
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By the beginning of the first decade of the 21st century, it had become common for
2191:
1864:
1834:
1791:, Lullian and Kabbalistic ideas were drawn upon in a magical context, resulting in
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1743:
grammatical speculation was directed at recovering the original language spoken by
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1201:
899:
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622:
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92:
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Create a sentence most people understand, by using common words between languages.
2614:
Designed Languages for Communicative Needs within and between Language Communities
2190:
was possibly the first fiction of that century to feature a constructed language.
95:, are consciously devised for some purpose, which may include being devised for a
4396:
4144:
4124:
4023:
3801:
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3233:
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2841:
2624:
2449:
2323:, a linguist who created multiple well-known constructed languages including the
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1924:
1910:
1895:
1760:
1728:
1213:
1207:
957:
950:
666:
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451:
333:
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1967:
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2095:
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56:
2742:, Œuvres complètes, III, 19 (Paris: Seuil, 1973). Also cited in Claude Piron,
553:
make it easier to write certain kinds of programs and harder to write others.
4502:
4389:
4383:
4295:
4089:
3998:
3866:
3771:
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2825:, Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Journal of Language Contact, Varia 2, pp. 40–67 (2009).
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1987:
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344:
In terms of purpose, most constructed languages can broadly be divided into:
246:
165:
129:
3450:, 24 August 2007 (Originally published as "In their own words -- literally")
2713:"Kiom da esperantistoj en Ruslando? Ne malpli ol 992 – La Ondo de Esperanto"
2128:(1955) and its descendants constitute a pragmatic return to the aims of the
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1934:
1886:
1854:
1838:
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argue that ideas exist independently of language. For example, in the book
52:
3553:
3267:
thread on Zompist Bulletin Board, 15 August 2008; accessed 26 August 2008.
1097:, the prevalence and distribution of respectable traits is often the key.
4305:
4300:
4055:
3975:
3953:
3786:
3781:
3764:
3752:
3691:
3548:
3320:
2524:
2439:
2346:
2200:" in 1931 at a congress. (Orwell's Newspeak is considered a satire of an
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2099:
1788:
1774:
1632:
1424:
1400:
1315:
1284:
1128:
1021:
1011:
903:
806:
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378:
290:
273:
258:
238:
215:
is also used to mean language construction, particularly construction of
145:
84:
3564:
3523:
3055:
302:
It is a misuse of terms to say that we have natural language; languages
4275:
3841:
3731:
2581:
1972:
1842:
1756:
1736:
1466: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1406:
1260:
1248:
1144:
1066:(auxiliary languages for speakers of a particular language family) are
782:
446:
and its pronunciation norms were developed from existing traditions of
419:
410:
374:
282:
250:
88:
4169:
4134:
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2083:
1242:
4224:
4211:
4094:
4060:
3909:
3706:
3228:
by Sarah L. Higley. M/C: A Journal of Media and Culture 3.1 (2000). (
2973:
2823:
Hybridity versus Revivability: Multiple Causation, Forms and Patterns
2467:
2223:
2217:
2119:
2091:
1982:
language based on such a classification of concepts. Under the entry
1868:
1814:
1711:
1628:
1572:
1560:
1254:
1140:
1118:
908:
650:
594:
572:
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320:
286:
230:
184:
76:
4139:
3558:
3226:
Audience, Uglossia, and Conlang: Inventing Languages on the Internet
1949:
that were intended to result in both spoken and written expression.
1441:
853:
495:
4285:
4201:
4179:
4114:
4013:
3958:
3924:
3894:
3851:
3846:
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3711:
2712:
2444:
2339:
2063:
wrote a short proposition of a "laconic" or regularized grammar of
1880:
1850:
1748:
1740:
1732:
1659:
1418:
1364:
1327:
984:
941:
883:
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701:
581:" for conlangs; however, some constructed languages have their own
525:
311:
Furthermore, fictional or experimental languages can be considered
208:
72:
4159:
4119:
1077:
due to their intended function as a medium of communication, many
915:
435:, attempted to raise his son as a native (bilingual with English)
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4008:
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3899:
2434:
2404:
2389:
2028:
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1226:
1150:
994:
863:
582:
471:
328:
324:
234:
223:
141:
96:
80:
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3139:
Crowdfunded 'Star Trek' Movie Draws Lawsuit from Paramount, CBS
2559:
2177:
2125:
2034:
2024:
2020:
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1644:
1290:
879:
840:
713:
when considering some linguistic factors, and at the same time
602:
463:
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254:
226:
47:
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3914:
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3538:
3368:. Paris: Hachette. With Léopold Leau. Republished 2001, Olms.
2430:
1651:
1548:
1346:
1340:
980:
773:
697:
370:
204:
169:
3248:, Conlang list posting by Patrick Jarrett, 13 September 2001
1939:
Essay towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language
4315:
3970:
3686:
3543:
3517:
3505:
2290:
822:
137:
3493:, a nonprofit dedicated to all forms of language creation.
2455:
ISO, SIL, and BCP language codes for constructed languages
2082:
The first of these that made any international impact was
466:
was founded in 1948 (Hetzron 1990:693). However, linguist
3726:
2381:
with its own customs, such as translation challenges and
2306:
1272:
634:
513:
261:
242:
38:. For languages with a high morpheme-per-word ratio, see
3199:"How did you find out that there were other conlangers?"
2683:"18. Demográfiai adatok – Központi Statisztikai Hivatal"
2377:. The Conlang mailing list has developed a community of
1887:
17th and 18th century: advent of philosophical languages
1563:
tells the story of two figures: Dionysius of Sicily and
2136:
languages have garnered only small groups of speakers.
1735:). An important example from Middle-Eastern culture is
183:, as this term may be perceived as pejorative. Outside
168:. Some people may also make constructed languages as a
99:. A constructed language may also be referred to as an
4418:
La Ricerca della Lingua Perfetta nella Cultura Europea
3490:
3381:
A priori artificial languages (Languages of the world)
3373:Étude sur la dérivation dans la langue internationales
1674:
680:
2920:"The First SAT Tested Students Using a Fake Language"
2388:
More recently founded online communities include the
2297:
1821:
directed efforts towards a perfect written language.
1100:
3236:, media-culture.org.au site sometimes has problems.)
2872:"John Quijada and Ithkuil, the Language He Invented"
2400:
2345:
The Tasmanian Aboriginal Center claims ownership of
300:'s fictional giant Pantagruel, for instance, said: "
1945:These early taxonomic conlangs produced systems of
1054:, "from the latter"), according to French linguist
336:and nouns, and complicated phonological processes.
267:
3399:
3201:Conlang list posting by And Rosta, 14 October 2007
2972:
2844:, Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Jerusalem Post, 18 May 2009.
1971:. Many of these 17th–18th centuries conlangs were
1109:
281:(LsF) is a simplification of Latin from which the
1538:
1183:
764:
4500:
3529:Department of Planned Languages Esperanto Museum
3514:, focusing on international auxiliary languages.
2968:
2966:
3343:
2771:(1st ed.). Penguin Books. pp. 21–22.
2352:
2122:, which mixes elements of English and Spanish.
2727:"The Process of Inventing Fictional Languages"
1669:
870:
508:. Constructed languages have been included in
357:), further subdivided into logical languages (
3580:
3397:
2963:
1867:from the Renaissance were often tied up with
1759:project for an ideal language is outlined in
3378:
3319:
3029:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2108:International Auxiliary Language Association
2035:19th and 20th centuries: auxiliary languages
1376:
1089:. In distinguishing whether the language is
222:Conlang speakers are rare. For example, the
3429:(1st ed.). Penguin Books. p. 22.
3286:Artificial languages are informally called
3239:
1631:of Macedon, was the founder of the city of
3587:
3573:
2204:rather than an artistic language proper.)
1710:("the selected language"), which he named
3594:
3544:Henrik Theiling's (Con)Language Resources
3204:
3192:
3172:
2859:
2794:by Raymond Brown. Accessed 8 August 2008
2630:
1686:A legend recorded in the seventh-century
1526:Learn how and when to remove this message
847:
3424:
2766:
1673:
1032:
837:(aka Unilingua) by Noubar Agopoff (1966)
46:
4404:Conlanging: The Art of Crafting Tongues
3251:
3158:Can you copyright a fictional language?
3152:
3150:
2890:
2618:Planned languages and language planning
2015:), others are designed for eliminating
1857:in 1623 spoke of a "natural language" (
1787:on a given set of concepts. During the
1615:"thrown against someone") for standard
425:who speak Esperanto as a first language
14:
4501:
3246:"Update mailing list statistics—FINAL"
2917:
2803:
2658:"Hungarian Central Statistical Office"
2645:Hildegard of Bingen's Unknown Language
2627:(PDF), Austrian National Library, 2019
1798:
1723:, recorded in the 12th century by St.
974:
498:, a feminist language embodied in her
3568:
3366:Les nouvelles langues internationales
3056:http://game.salburg.com/hymmnoserver/
2762:
2760:
233:, and the census of 2001 found 10 of
3561:, a Reddit community for conlangers.
3524:Garrett's Links to Logical Languages
3506:Conlang Atlas of Language Structures
3350:. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
3147:
2893:"Interview With Suzette Haden Elgin"
2294:series of computer adventure games.
1879:. A non-mystic musical language was
1875:, sometimes also referred to as the
1464:adding citations to reliable sources
1435:
720:
3326:The search for the perfect language
2995:The search for the perfect language
2992:
2804:Derian, James Der (1 August 1999).
2494:Language modelling and translation
2027:) or maximizing conciseness (e.g.,
1543:Grammatical speculation dates from
1085:in design—many for the purposes of
1073:While most auxiliary languages are
670:series, which was adapted from the
24:
2757:
2429:Aboriginal constructed languages:
2298:Ownership of constructed languages
1773:vernacular suited for literature.
1769:, where he searches for the ideal
1391:(c. Vanuatu Oceanic, 19th century)
906:for the science-fiction franchise
414:only one of the above categories.
199:, which date to ancient times for
25:
4535:
4411:In the Land of Invented Languages
3455:
3173:Robertson, Adi (13 August 2014).
2593:In the Land of Invented Languages
2536:Spontaneous emergence of grammar
2077:Histoire de la langue universelle
1230:international auxiliary languages
777:international auxiliary languages
739:international auxiliary languages
369:, devised for experimentation in
2403:
2367:The Journal of Planned Languages
2202:international auxiliary language
2041:International auxiliary language
1817:, and first encounters with the
1739:, invented in the 16th century.
1440:
717:when considering other factors.
268:Planned, constructed, artificial
229:of 2011 found 8,397 speakers of
134:international auxiliary language
3406:. Spiegel & Grau. pp.
3219:
3166:
3131:
3115:
3090:
3045:
3011:
2997:. London: Fontana. p. 53.
2986:
2937:
2918:Garber, Megan (16 April 2013).
2911:
2883:
2847:
2828:
2816:
2797:
2785:
1837:languages was continued by the
1807:, notably the discovery of the
1451:needs additional citations for
569:Codes for constructed languages
3299:
3280:
2806:"Hollywood at War: The Sequel"
2733:
2719:
2705:
2675:
2650:
2606:
2112:Interlingua–English Dictionary
1953:had a similar purpose for his
1599:"it remains in one place" and
1587:"husband") for standard Greek
1539:Ancient linguistic experiments
1184:Controlled auxiliary languages
91:, instead of having developed
13:
1:
4483:List of constructed languages
3549:Jörg Rhiemeier's Conlang Page
3427:The Art of Language Invention
3312:
3123:Can you copyright a language?
2769:The Art of Language Invention
2420:List of constructed languages
2079:(1903) reviewed 38 projects.
2057:Joachim Faiguet de Villeneuve
1965:would ultimately lead to the
1603:"it is strong") for standard
1403:(Aboriginal Australian, 1992)
1333:
1302:
1002:
737:languages are designed to be
536:. However, linguists such as
3481:Resources in other libraries
2647:. Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.
2411:Constructed languages portal
2353:Modern conlang organizations
2051:attention began to focus on
1571:Dionysius of Sicily created
1547:, appearing for instance in
745:languages. Others, known as
27:Consciously devised language
7:
3444:"Babel's modern architects"
3375:. Paris: Delagrave. 100 p.
3347:The World's Major Languages
3270:"Average life of a conlang"
3258:"Average life of a conlang"
2945:"Artificial language tests"
2396:
2209:science fiction and fantasy
2149:
1947:hierarchical classification
1670:Early constructed languages
339:
10:
4540:
3161:Copyright Licensing Agency
2812:– via www.wired.com.
2488:List of language inventors
2153:
2140:Robot Interaction Language
2038:
1431:
1380:
991:, 19th century or earlier)
948:for the television series
918:by Sylvia Sotomayor (1998)
831:by W. John Weilgart (1962)
429:Klingon Language Institute
29:
4488:List of language creators
4473:
4427:
4376:
4328:
4268:
4069:
3984:
3885:
3675:
3664:
3602:
3533:Austrian National Library
3491:Language Creation Society
3476:Resources in your library
3216:at Steve Brewer's website
3175:"Can you own a language?"
2840:16 September 2011 at the
2545:June and Jennifer Gibbons
2473:Language Construction Kit
2246:Atlantis: The Lost Empire
1647:could make sense of it."
1377:Zonal auxiliary languages
1134:Atlantis: The Lost Empire
1064:zonal auxiliary languages
825:by Rikichi Okamoto (1962)
3425:Peterson, David (2015).
3371:Couturat, Louis (1910).
3364:Couturat, Louis (1907).
3344:Comrie, Bernard (1990).
2767:Peterson, David (2015).
2600:
2550:Nicaraguan Sign Language
2498:Knowledge representation
1803:Renaissance interest in
1383:Zonal auxiliary language
1216:(SW Ugandan Bantu, 1990)
500:feminist science fiction
4460:Interlingue/Interlingua
3627:International auxiliary
3539:The Conlanger's Library
2891:Glatzer, Jenna (2007).
2687:www.nepszamlalas2001.hu
843:by Staren Fetcey (1978)
809:by Edward Foster (1906)
363:philosophical languages
111:, or (in some cases) a
55:, which represents the
4165:Middle-earth languages
3398:Okrent, Arika (2009).
3040:Fundamenta Krestomatio
2854:Fundamenta Krestomatio
2792:The "Conlang Triangle"
2572:Linguistic determinism
2459:Language construction
2094:, proposed in 1887 by
2088:Johann Martin Schleyer
2086:, proposed in 1879 by
1683:
1627:, the brother of King
1475:"Constructed language"
1121:by Andrew Smith (1996)
866:by John Quijada (2011)
848:Experimental languages
673:A Song of Ice and Fire
585:language codes (e.g. "
487:Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
480:Fundamenta Krestomatio
423:, there are "200–2000
367:experimental languages
60:
4509:Constructed languages
4440:Esperanto/Interlingua
4341:Esperanto orthography
3920:Pan-Germanic language
3702:Communicationssprache
3596:Constructed languages
3448:The Los Angeles Times
3379:Libert, Alan (2000).
3329:. Oxford: Blackwell.
3098:"Hymmnoserver - Main"
2993:Eco, Umberto (1997).
2623:25 April 2023 at the
2577:Linguistic relativity
2530:Language of the birds
2359:Glossopoeic Quarterly
2230:The Lord of the Rings
2055:auxiliary languages.
2017:syntactical ambiguity
2013:programming languages
1877:language of the birds
1766:De vulgari eloquentia
1677:
1625:Alexarchus of Macedon
1179:by Naxikeestan (2023)
893:The Lord of the Rings
551:programming languages
543:The Language Instinct
197:Prescriptive grammars
50:
3932:Pan-Romance language
3807:Latino sine flexione
3512:Blueprints For Babel
3497:Constructed language
3467:Constructed language
3263:14 June 2011 at the
3232:16 June 2005 at the
3102:hymmnoserver.uguu.ca
2746:(L'Harmattan, 1994)
2503:Language translation
2188:Edgar Rice Burroughs
2114:and an accompanying
2005:engineered languages
1753:confusion of tongues
1704:confusion of tongues
1460:improve this article
1415:(Finno-Ugric, 2000s)
1190:Latino sine flexione
787:Fazlallah Astarabadi
458:following a general
350:Engineered languages
279:Latino sine flexione
65:constructed language
59:against a rising sun
3949:Pan-Slavic language
3446:, by Amber Dance.
3163:, 26 September 2019
3142:Hollywood Reporter,
3019:"Logopandecteision"
2880:, 24 December 2012.
2835:Let my people know!
2744:Le Défi des Langues
2715:. 18 December 2011.
2540:Artificial language
2305:In a 2015 lawsuit,
2168:begin to appear in
2003:), but most recent
1823:Johannes Trithemius
1799:Perfecting language
1725:Hildegard of Bingen
1692:Auraicept na n-Éces
1545:Classical Antiquity
1155:Jan van Steenbergen
1060:controlled versions
975:Community languages
858:Suzette Haden Elgin
751:taxonomic languages
492:Suzette Haden Elgin
427:". A member of the
386:Auxiliary languages
201:classical languages
36:artificial language
4336:Constructed script
3812:Lingua Franca Nova
3792:International Sign
2587:Universal language
2555:Origin of language
2520:Mystical languages
2483:Language regulator
2383:translation relays
2325:Valyrian languages
2311:Paramount Pictures
2268:Valyrian languages
2183:A Princess of Mars
2166:artistic languages
2144:speech recognition
2059:in the article on
1684:
1680:Voynich manuscript
1359:Lingua Franca Nova
1167:for the TV series
1113:artistic languages
1079:artistic languages
874:artistic languages
755:artistic languages
643:Lingua Franca Nova
510:standardized tests
468:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
398:Artistic languages
217:artistic languages
162:role-playing games
113:fictional language
61:
40:synthetic language
4496:
4495:
4351:Tolkien's scripts
4324:
4323:
4041:Logopandecteision
4004:Dutton Speedwords
3937:Neolatino Romance
3817:Lingwa de planeta
3462:Library resources
3417:978-0-385-52788-0
3383:. Lincom Europa.
3078:Missing or empty
2949:What's in a Brain
2740:François Rabelais
2643:Sarah L. Higley:
2513:Universal grammar
2463:Artificial script
2321:David J. Peterson
2264:Dothraki language
2156:Artistic language
1919:Logopandecteision
1865:Musical languages
1861:) of the senses.
1613:balletai enantion
1536:
1535:
1528:
1510:
1371:Lingwa de planeta
1087:alternate history
298:François Rabelais
192:language planning
158:artistic creation
150:cognitive science
122:language planning
117:Planned languages
109:invented language
32:language planning
16:(Redirected from
4531:
4514:Interlinguistics
4445:Esperanto/Novial
4269:Ritual and other
4110:Elvish languages
4031:Lingua generalis
4019:Astrolinguistics
3673:
3672:
3589:
3582:
3575:
3566:
3565:
3440:
3421:
3405:
3394:
3361:
3340:
3306:
3303:
3297:
3293:interlinguistics
3284:
3273:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3223:
3217:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3170:
3164:
3154:
3145:
3144:30 December 2015
3135:
3129:
3119:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3076:
3074:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3053:game.salburg.com
3049:
3043:
3036:Leopold Einstein
3033:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2982:. Book III.
2970:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2951:. 26 August 2013
2941:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2895:. Archived from
2887:
2881:
2868:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2801:
2795:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2764:
2755:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2689:. Archived from
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2628:
2612:Klaus Schubert,
2610:
2565:Poto and Cabengo
2425:Interlinguistics
2413:
2408:
2407:
2315:Klingon language
2254:Series (Hymmnos)
2192:J. R. R. Tolkien
1955:lingua generalis
1900:A Common Writing
1708:in Bérla tóbaide
1678:Page 68r of the
1611:"javelin" (from
1531:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1468:
1444:
1436:
1409:(Germanic, 1995)
1338:
1335:
1307:
1304:
1208:Learning English
1007:
1004:
896:(published 1954)
888:J. R. R. Tolkien
817:Kenneth Searight
785:, attributed to
648:
640:
632:
628:
620:
612:
608:
600:
592:
588:
580:
307:
245:and one each of
177:planned language
154:machine learning
21:
4539:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4532:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4469:
4450:Ido/Interlingua
4423:
4397:Bridge of Words
4372:
4320:
4264:
4074:
4065:
3980:
3881:
3802:Langue nouvelle
3678:
3668:
3666:
3660:
3598:
3593:
3487:
3486:
3485:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3453:
3437:
3418:
3391:
3358:
3337:
3315:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3300:
3285:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3265:Wayback Machine
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3234:Wayback Machine
3224:
3220:
3209:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3171:
3167:
3155:
3148:
3137:Gardner, Eriq,
3136:
3132:
3126:Translate Media
3120:
3116:
3106:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3079:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3034:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2991:
2987:
2979:Deipnosophistae
2971:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2926:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2899:on 12 June 2007
2888:
2884:
2869:
2860:
2852:
2848:
2842:Wayback Machine
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2802:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2765:
2758:
2738:
2734:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2696:
2694:
2693:on 17 June 2018
2681:
2680:
2676:
2666:
2664:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2642:
2631:
2625:Wayback Machine
2611:
2607:
2603:
2598:
2450:Cant (language)
2409:
2402:
2399:
2375:Model Languages
2355:
2300:
2259:Game of Thrones
2172:literature (in
2158:
2152:
2045:Already in the
2043:
2037:
1994:, projects for
1959:binary calculus
1925:George Dalgarno
1911:Thomas Urquhart
1896:Francis Lodwick
1889:
1801:
1761:Dante Alighieri
1672:
1595:"pillar" (from
1579:"virgin" (from
1541:
1532:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1469:
1467:
1457:
1445:
1434:
1397:(Romance, 1956)
1385:
1379:
1336:
1305:
1232:
1222:(English, 2004)
1210:(English, 1959)
1204:(Manding, 1949)
1198:(English, 1925)
1186:
1115:
1107:
1070:by definition.
1038:
1005:
977:
951:Game of Thrones
876:
850:
779:
771:
726:
690:
667:Game of Thrones
646:
638:
630:
626:
618:
610:
606:
598:
590:
586:
576:
563:irregular verbs
532:thought, as in
520:thought, as in
456:Biblical Hebrew
452:Mishnaic Hebrew
433:d'Armond Speers
342:
334:irregular verbs
270:
175:The expression
97:work of fiction
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4537:
4527:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4270:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Real Character
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3946:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3891:
3889:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3768:
3767:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3670:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3636:
3635:
3634:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3606:
3604:
3603:Classification
3600:
3599:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3526:
3521:
3515:
3509:
3503:
3494:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:External links
3454:
3452:
3451:
3441:
3436:978-0143126461
3435:
3422:
3416:
3395:
3389:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3356:
3341:
3335:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3298:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3250:
3238:
3218:
3203:
3191:
3165:
3146:
3130:
3121:Bhana, Yusuf,
3114:
3089:
3044:
3028:
3010:
3003:
2985:
2976:of Naucratis.
2962:
2936:
2910:
2882:
2877:The New Yorker
2858:
2846:
2827:
2815:
2796:
2784:
2778:978-0143126461
2777:
2756:
2732:
2718:
2704:
2674:
2649:
2629:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2398:
2395:
2354:
2351:
2299:
2296:
2154:Main article:
2151:
2148:
2110:published its
2096:L. L. Zamenhof
2069:Louis Couturat
2039:Main article:
2036:
2033:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1907:
1888:
1885:
1827:Steganographia
1819:Chinese script
1800:
1797:
1795:applications.
1751:, lost in the
1696:Fénius Farsaid
1671:
1668:
1641:
1640:
1621:
1620:
1583:"waiting" and
1540:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1448:
1446:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:(Slavic, 2011)
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1381:Main article:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1343:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1299:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1279:Reform-Neutral
1275:
1269:
1263:
1257:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1193:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1165:David Peterson
1158:
1148:
1138:
1122:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1099:
1056:Louis Couturat
1037:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1019:
1009:
992:
976:
973:
972:
971:
955:
946:David Peterson
935:
928:for the movie
919:
913:
897:
875:
869:
868:
867:
861:
849:
846:
845:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
810:
804:
801:François Sudre
794:
793:(14th century)
791:Muhyi Gulshani
778:
772:
770:
763:
725:
719:
689:
679:
407:
406:
394:
382:
341:
338:
269:
266:
237:, two each of
166:language games
160:; for fantasy
67:(shortened to
57:Tower of Babel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4536:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4466:
4465:Lojban/Loglan
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4435:Esperanto/Ido
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4398:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4390:A Secret Vice
4387:
4385:
4384:Esperantology
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4296:Lingua ignota
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4090:Belter Creole
4088:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4068:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3999:Basic English
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3867:Universalglot
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3772:Idiom Neutral
3770:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3677:International
3674:
3671:
3663:
3655:
3654:Philosophical
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3620:Language game
3618:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3404:
3403:
3396:
3392:
3390:3-89586-667-9
3386:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3357:0-19-506511-5
3353:
3349:
3348:
3342:
3338:
3336:0-631-17465-6
3332:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3302:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3222:
3215:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3180:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3143:
3140:
3134:
3128:, 6 June 2019
3127:
3124:
3118:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3085:
3072:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3006:
3004:9780006863786
3000:
2996:
2989:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2950:
2946:
2940:
2925:
2921:
2914:
2898:
2894:
2886:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2870:Joshua Foer,
2867:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2824:
2819:
2811:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2774:
2770:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:2-7384-2432-5
2749:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2708:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2663:
2659:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:Language game
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2343:
2341:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2240:Stargate SG-1
2236:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2197:A Secret Vice
2193:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1963:Enlightenment
1960:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1915:Ekskybalauron
1912:
1908:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1811:
1810:Hieroglyphica
1806:
1805:Ancient Egypt
1796:
1794:
1793:cryptographic
1790:
1786:
1785:combinatorics
1782:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1721:Lingua Ignota
1717:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1646:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1530:
1527:
1519:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1498:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1477: –
1476:
1472:
1471:Find sources:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1449:This section
1447:
1443:
1438:
1437:
1426:
1423:
1421:(Latin, 2006)
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1372:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1344:
1342:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1267:Idiom Neutral
1264:
1262:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:Universalglot
1234:
1233:
1229:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:Basic English
1194:
1192:(Latin, 1911)
1191:
1188:
1187:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1131:for the film
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1104:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1044:
1035:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1000:
996:
993:
990:
989:Lardil people
986:
982:
979:
978:
969:
968:
963:
959:
956:
953:
952:
947:
943:
939:
936:
933:
932:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
910:
905:
901:
898:
895:
894:
889:
885:
881:
878:
877:
873:
865:
862:
859:
855:
852:
851:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
814:
811:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
781:
780:
776:
768:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:philosophical
744:
740:
736:
731:
723:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
703:
699:
695:
687:
683:
678:
675:
674:
669:
668:
663:
662:High Valyrian
659:
654:
652:
644:
636:
624:
616:
604:
596:
584:
579:
574:
570:
566:
564:
560:
559:Basic English
554:
552:
547:
545:
544:
539:
538:Steven Pinker
535:
531:
527:
523:
522:George Orwell
519:
515:
511:
507:
506:
505:Native Tongue
501:
497:
493:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:Modern Hebrew
440:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
415:
412:
404:
400:
399:
395:
392:
388:
387:
383:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:
347:
346:
345:
337:
335:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
305:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
275:
265:
263:
260:
256:
252:
248:
247:Idiom Neutral
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
193:
189:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:communication
126:
124:
123:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4416:
4409:
4402:
4395:
4388:
4346:Sitelen Pona
4217:
3753:esperantidos
3722:Esperanto II
3644:Experimental
3595:
3466:
3447:
3426:
3401:
3380:
3372:
3365:
3346:
3325:
3321:Eco, Umberto
3301:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3253:
3241:
3221:
3212:
3211:Archives of
3206:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3178:
3168:
3160:
3156:Owen, Becky,
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3105:. Retrieved
3101:
3092:
3080:|title=
3059:. Retrieved
3052:
3047:
3042:, UEA 1992 .
3039:
3031:
3023:uchicago.edu
3022:
3013:
2994:
2988:
2977:
2953:. Retrieved
2948:
2939:
2927:. Retrieved
2924:The Atlantic
2923:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2897:the original
2885:
2875:
2853:
2849:
2830:
2818:
2809:
2799:
2787:
2768:
2743:
2735:
2721:
2707:
2695:. Retrieved
2691:the original
2686:
2677:
2665:. Retrieved
2661:
2652:
2644:
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2608:
2591:
2508:Metalanguage
2387:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2319:
2304:
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2271:
2257:
2244:
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2222:
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2206:
2195:
2181:
2170:Early Modern
2163:
2159:
2146:algorithms.
2138:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2081:
2076:
2073:Léopold Leau
2060:
2053:a posteriori
2052:
2048:Encyclopédie
2046:
2044:
1995:
1992:Encyclopédie
1991:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1973:pasigraphies
1968:Encyclopédie
1966:
1954:
1944:
1938:
1935:John Wilkins
1929:Ars signorum
1928:
1918:
1914:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1871:, magic and
1863:
1859:Natursprache
1858:
1855:Jakob Boehme
1839:Rosicrucians
1830:
1826:
1808:
1802:
1778:
1764:
1755:. The first
1745:Adam and Eve
1718:
1712:
1707:
1694:claims that
1685:
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1636:
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1604:
1600:
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1522:
1513:
1503:
1496:
1489:
1482:
1470:
1458:Please help
1453:verification
1450:
1297:Esperanto II
1228:A posteriori
1227:
1168:
1161:Trigedasleng
1132:
1111:A posteriori
1110:
1103:a posteriori
1102:
1101:Examples of
1095:a posteriori
1094:
1090:
1083:a posteriori
1082:
1075:a posteriori
1074:
1072:
1068:a posteriori
1067:
1052:a posteriori
1051:
1043:a posteriori
1042:
1041:
1039:
1034:A posteriori
1033:
970:films (2015)
965:
962:Madhan Karky
949:
929:
926:Paul Frommer
907:
891:
871:
774:
766:
765:Examples of
758:
743:a posteriori
742:
734:
729:
727:
721:
715:a posteriori
714:
710:
707:a posteriori
706:
700:
693:
691:
686:a posteriori
685:
681:
671:
665:
655:
571:include the
567:
555:
548:
541:
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517:
512:such as the
503:
494:in creating
484:
479:
441:
418:
416:
408:
402:
396:
390:
384:
358:
354:
348:
343:
321:phonological
317:a posteriori
316:
313:naturalistic
312:
310:
303:
295:
291:Esperantidos
271:
221:
212:
180:
176:
174:
127:
120:
116:
108:
104:
100:
68:
64:
62:
53:mailing list
44:
4524:Linguistics
4428:Comparisons
4306:Palawa kani
4301:Medefaidrin
3976:Weltdeutsch
3966:Runyakitara
3954:Interslavic
3787:Interlingue
3782:Interlingua
3765:Interglossa
3692:Blissymbols
3518:ConWorkShop
3184:25 February
2525:Glossolalia
2440:Idioglossia
2363:Taboo Jadoo
2347:Palawa kani
2273:The Expanse
2250:Ar Tonelico
2104:Interlingua
2100:descendants
1917:(1651) and
1902:(1647) and
1831:Polygraphia
1789:Renaissance
1775:Ramon Llull
1741:Kabbalistic
1645:Pythian god
1633:Ouranopolis
1425:Interslavic
1401:Palawa kani
1337: 1979
1316:Interlingua
1306: 1943
1285:Interlingue
1129:Marc Okrand
1022:Palawa kani
1012:Medefaidrin
1006: 1920
904:Marc Okrand
615:Interlingua
379:linguistics
329:grammatical
283:inflections
274:Interlingua
259:Esperantido
239:Interlingua
213:glossopoeia
190:, the term
146:linguistics
140:); to give
85:orthography
4503:Categories
4455:Ido/Novial
4276:Balaibalan
3986:Engineered
3842:Pasilingua
3732:Mundolinco
3639:Engineered
3559:r/conlangs
3313:References
2662:www.ksh.hu
2582:Pasigraphy
2379:conlangers
2186:(1912) by
2174:Pantagruel
2098:, and its
1988:D'Alembert
1984:Charactère
1843:alchemists
1737:Balaibalan
1731:(see also
1702:after the
1609:ballantion
1593:menekratēs
1573:neologisms
1565:Alexarchus
1486:newspapers
1407:Folkspraak
1261:Mundolinco
1249:Pasilingua
1145:Sonja Lang
1081:are fully
783:Balaibalan
450:, such as
420:Ethnologue
375:philosophy
251:Mundolinco
181:artificial
164:; and for
101:artificial
89:vocabulary
4329:Neography
4255:Verdurian
4225:Syldavian
4220:languages
4218:Star Wars
4212:Spocanian
4095:Brithenig
4085:Atlantean
4071:Fictional
4061:Toki Pona
3910:Eurolengo
3747:Universal
3707:Esperanto
3679:auxiliary
3667:languages
3665:Specific
3615:Fictional
3213:Vortpunoj
3179:The Verge
2974:Athenaeus
2667:18 August
2468:Langmaker
2371:Vortpunoj
2224:Star Trek
2218:Star Wars
2176:, and in
2120:Eurolengo
2092:Esperanto
1869:mysticism
1815:Horapollo
1780:Ars Magna
1757:Christian
1629:Cassander
1589:parthenos
1577:menandros
1561:Athenaeus
1516:July 2023
1255:Esperanto
1141:Toki Pona
1125:Atlantean
1119:Brithenig
1105:languages
967:Baahubali
909:Star Trek
769:languages
688:languages
651:Toki Pona
595:Esperanto
573:ISO 639-2
534:Toki Pona
476:Esperanto
460:Sephardic
439:speaker.
411:aesthetic
355:engelangs
287:Esperanto
231:Esperanto
224:Hungarian
185:Esperanto
93:naturally
77:phonology
4519:Language
4286:Enochian
4245:Valyrian
4235:Tsolyáni
4202:Newspeak
4180:Sindarin
4115:Enchanta
4105:Dothraki
4077:artistic
4014:Kalaba-X
3959:Iazychie
3925:Tutonish
3895:Afrihili
3852:Solresol
3847:Sambahsa
3832:Nal Bino
3742:Romániço
3737:Reformed
3717:Arcaicam
3712:Adjuvilo
3669:by group
3610:Artistic
3323:(1995).
3288:conlangs
3261:Archived
3230:Archived
3071:cite web
2903:20 March
2838:Archived
2697:10 March
2621:Archived
2445:Idiolect
2397:See also
2340:Duolingo
2329:Dothraki
2288:and the
2213:suggests
2150:Artlangs
2134:a priori
2130:a priori
1996:a priori
1980:a priori
1881:Solresol
1851:Enochian
1849:and his
1847:John Dee
1749:Paradise
1733:Enochian
1698:visited
1660:Sanskrit
1554:Cratylus
1419:Neolatin
1365:Sambahsa
1353:Romániço
1328:Afrihili
1091:a priori
1045:language
1036:language
1028:, 1990s)
1018:, 1930s)
985:Yangkaal
964:for the
942:Valyrian
938:Dothraki
884:Sindarin
872:A priori
797:Solresol
775:A priori
767:a priori
759:a priori
735:a priori
730:a priori
724:language
722:A priori
711:a priori
702:a priori
694:a priori
682:A priori
658:Dothraki
530:simplify
528:, or to
526:Newspeak
518:restrict
403:artlangs
391:auxlangs
359:loglangs
340:Overview
209:Sanskrit
203:such as
73:language
4366:Tengwar
4311:Yerkish
4291:Eskayan
4250:Venedic
4240:Utopian
4230:Teonaht
4207:Simlish
4185:more...
4170:Adûnaic
4155:Lydnevi
4135:Kobaïan
4130:Klingon
4009:Ithkuil
3942:Romanid
3905:Efatese
3900:Budinos
3877:Volapük
3822:Mondial
3649:Musical
3531:of the
2955:21 June
2929:21 June
2435:Eskayan
2390:Zompist
2178:Utopian
2116:grammar
2084:Volapük
2029:Ithkuil
2019:(e.g.,
1951:Leibniz
1873:alchemy
1835:magical
1771:Italian
1713:Goídelc
1500:scholar
1432:History
1413:Budinos
1395:Romanid
1389:Efatese
1369:(2010)
1363:(2007)
1357:(1998)
1351:(1991)
1345:(1986)
1326:(1970)
1320:(1961)
1314:(1951)
1310:Mondial
1295:(1937)
1289:(1928)
1283:(1922)
1277:(1912)
1271:(1907)
1265:(1902)
1259:(1888)
1253:(1887)
1247:(1885)
1243:Volapük
1241:(1879)
1235:(1868)
1220:Globish
1170:The 100
1151:Wenedyk
995:Eskayan
900:Klingon
864:Ithkuil
664:in the
645:, and "
629:" and "
623:Klingon
609:" and "
589:" and "
583:ISO 639
502:series
472:Yiddish
437:Klingon
325:lexical
255:Russian
235:Romanid
188:culture
142:fiction
105:planned
81:grammar
71:) is a
69:conlang
18:Conlang
4478:Portal
4361:Sarati
4197:Nadsat
4175:Quenya
4150:Loxian
4145:Lapine
4140:Láadan
4125:Kiliki
4100:Dritok
4075:other
4046:Lojban
4036:Loglan
4024:Lincos
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3797:Kotava
3751:other
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3464:about
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3061:3 July
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2616:, in:
2560:Pidgin
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2065:French
2061:Langue
2025:Lojban
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2009:Lincos
1941:, 1668
1931:, 1661
1921:(1652)
1906:(1652)
1845:(like
1700:Shinar
1664:Pāṇini
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1637:aputēs
1607:; and
1605:stulos
1601:kratei
1502:
1495:
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1291:Novial
1214:Kitara
1177:Nagwai
1173:(2014)
1157:(2002)
1147:(2001)
1137:(2001)
1047:(from
1026:Palawa
1016:Ibibio
999:Eskaya
958:Kiliki
954:(2011)
934:(2009)
931:Avatar
912:(1985)
880:Quenya
860:(1982)
854:Láadan
841:Kotava
819:(1935)
803:(1827)
696:(from
649:" for
641:" for
633:" for
621:" for
613:" for
603:Lojban
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496:Láadan
464:Israel
448:Hebrew
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253:. The
227:census
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3872:Uropi
3862:Unish
3777:Intal
3760:Glosa
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3632:Zonal
2810:Wired
2601:Notes
2431:Damin
1825:, in
1690:work
1688:Irish
1656:Greek
1652:Latin
1597:menei
1585:andra
1581:menei
1575:like
1549:Plato
1507:JSTOR
1493:books
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922:Naʼvi
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698:Latin
377:, or
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205:Latin
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