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occurs from the lateral side towards the medial side of the bone. The most common site of fracture is the junction between the two curvatures of the bone, which is the weakest point. This results in the sternocleidomastoid muscle lifting the medial aspect superiorly, which can result in perforation of the overlying skin.
404:
The rounded medial region (sternal region) of the shaft has a long curve laterally and anteriorly along two-thirds of the entire shaft. The flattened lateral region (acromial region) of the shaft has an even larger posterior curve to articulate with the acromion of the scapula. The medial region is
869:
Clavicle fractures (colloquially, a broken collarbone) occur as a result of injury or trauma. The most common type of fractures occur when a person falls horizontally on the shoulder or with an outstretched hand. A direct hit to the collarbone will also cause a break. In most cases, the direct hit
464:
The shaft is divided into two main regions, the medial region, and the lateral region. The medial region is also known as the sternal region, it is the longest clavicular region as it takes up two-thirds of the entire shaft. The lateral region is also known as the acromial region, it is both the
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It serves as a rigid support from which the scapula and free limb are suspended; an arrangement that keeps the upper limb away from the thorax so that the arm has maximum range of movement. Acting as a flexible, crane-like strut, it allows the scapula to move freely on the thoracic
599:. In males the clavicle is usually longer and larger than in females. A study measuring 748 males and 252 females saw a difference in collarbone length between age groups 18–20 and 21–25 of about 6 and 5 mm (0.24 and 0.20 in) for males and females respectively.
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985:. However, analyses of the clavicle in extant primates suggest that the low position of the scapula in humans is reflected mostly in the curvature of the medial portion of the clavicle rather than the lateral portion. This part of the bone is similar in
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which has a well-preserved sternal end. One interpretation of this specimen, based on the orientation of its lateral end and the position of the deltoid attachment area, suggests that this clavicle is distinct from those found in extant
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the longest clavicular region as it takes up two-thirds of the entire shaft. The lateral region is both the widest clavicular region and thinnest clavicular region. The lateral end has a rough inferior surface that bears a ridge, the
1236:
1305:
Shane Tubbs, R.; Loukas, Marios; Slappey, John B.; McEvoy, William C.; Linganna, Sanjay; Shoja, Mohammadali M.; Jerry Oakes, W. (9 July 2007). "Surgical and clinical anatomy of the interclavicular ligament".
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963:(humans and chimpanzees) clavicles have been found, most of these are mere segments offering limited information on the form and function of the pectoral girdle. One exception is the clavicle of
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309:. The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. It can easily be fractured by impacts to the shoulder from the force of falling on outstretched arms or by a direct hit.
956:. In many mammals, the clavicles are also reduced, or even absent, to allow the scapula greater freedom of motion, which may be useful in fast-running animals.
456:. The area surrounding the joint gives an attachment to the joint capsule. The anterior border is concave forward and the posterior border is convex backward.
234:
1446:
A. Bernat, T. Huysmans, F. Van
Glabbeek, J. Sijbers, J. Gielen, and A. Van Tongel (2014). "The anatomy of the clavicle: A Three-dimensional Cadaveric Study".
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is used as a reference in describing cardiac apex beat during medical examination. It is also useful for evaluating an enlarged liver, and for locating the
616:, present in 2–3% of people, originates on the transverse processes of the upper cervical vertebrae and is inserted in the lateral half of the clavicle.
1224:
333:, it acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place so that the arm can hang freely. At its rounded medial end (sternal end), it articulates with the
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The lateral end is also known as the acromial end. It is flat from above downward. It bears a facet that articulates with the shoulder to form the
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286:(breastbone). There are two clavicles, one on the left and one on the right. The clavicle is the only long bone in the body that lies
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covering the bone stimulate the ossification of adjacent tissue. The resulting compact bone is known as a periosteal collar.
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1583:
Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of
Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300.
540:. However, it is one of the last bones to finish ossification at about 21–25 years of age. Its lateral end is formed by
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The medial end is also known as the sternal end. It is quadrangular and articulates with the clavicular notch of the
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https://accessphysiotherapy-mhmedical-com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/content.aspx?bookid=2992§ionid=250962289
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The shape of the clavicle varies more than most other long bones. It is occasionally pierced by a branch of the
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890:. In such fish, the paired clavicles run behind and below the gills on each side, and are joined by a solid
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Kaur, H; Harjeet Sahni, D (January 2002). "Length and curves of the clavicle in
Northwest Indians".
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and it is thus possible that this species had a high shoulder position similar to that in
978:(including humans), and thus that the shape of the human shoulder dates back to less than
417:). These surface features are attachment sites for muscles and ligaments of the shoulder.
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In birds, the clavicles and interclavicle have fused to form a single Y-shaped bone, the
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lack clavicles altogether (although crocodilians do retain the interclavicle), while in
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440:. The articular surface extends to the inferior aspect for articulation with the first
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in this region, the location of the bone is clearly visible. It receives its name from
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305:'little key' because the bone rotates along its axis like a key when the shoulder is
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or "wishbone" which evolved from the clavicles found in coelurosaurian theropods.
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Principles of
Athletic Training: A Guide to Evidence-Based Clinical Practice, 17e
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that serves to connect the collarbone with the coracoid process of the scapula.
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and a tubercle; the conoid tubercle for attachment with the trapezoid and the
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Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice .Digital version
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1551:". In Grine, Frederick E.; Fleagle, John G.; Leakey, Richard E. (eds.).
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between the base of the clavicles, although this is not found in living
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The left clavicle is usually longer and weaker than the right clavicle.
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It can be divided into three parts: medial end, lateral end, and shaft.
1555:. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer. p. 66.
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345:. At its flattened lateral end (acromial end), it articulates with the
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Long bone that serves as a strut between the scapula and the sternum
1760:
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1547:
Larson, Susan G. (2009). "Evolution of the
Hominin Shoulder: Early
1526:. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 184–186.
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and in the vast majority of living bony fish, including all of the
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dinosaurs. The place on the scapula where it articulated with the
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The lateral region of the shaft has two borders and two surfaces.
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retained this arrangement, with the addition of a diamond-shaped
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The clavicle first appears as part of the skeleton in primitive
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The First Humans – Origin and Early
Evolution of the Genus Homo
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the anterior border is concave forward and gives origin to the
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Muscles and ligaments that attach to the collarbone include:
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The collarbones are sometimes partly or completely absent in
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2018:
1971:
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1372:(41st ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier. p. 892.
1343:"Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Acromioclavicular Joint"
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the posterior border is convex and gives attachment to the
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approximately 6 inches (15 cm) long that serves as a
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975:
532:(laying down of minerals onto a preformed matrix) during
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The collarbone is the first bone to begin the process of
465:
widest clavicular region and thinnest clavicular region.
295:
1504:"Clavicle Fracture: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment"
587:
derived from elements originally attached to the skull.
843:
A vertical line drawn from the mid-clavicle called the
917:. The cleithrum disappeared early in the evolution of
894:
on the fish's underside. They are, however, absent in
647:
Transmits physical impacts from the upper limb to the
294:. It is a palpable bone and, in people who have less
575:) in its medial two-thirds. It is made up of spongy
290:. Together with the shoulder blade, it makes up the
1522:Romer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977).
1406:(4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1068:Position of collarbone (shown in red). Animation.
851:which is between the mid-clavicular line and the
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1118:Diagram of the human shoulder joint, front view
1029:(upper bone of the forelimb) is the called the
30:"Collarbone" redirects here. For the band, see
1130:Diagram of the human shoulder joint, back view
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637:Relation of Brachial Plexus with the Clavicle
1488:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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1219:The Shoulder Complex. In: Prentice WE. eds.
499:the inferior surface has a ridge called the
1398:Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F. (1999).
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1223:. McGraw-Hill; Accessed October 30, 2020.
378:Right clavicle—from below, and from above
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147:
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1041:, which is the equivalent to a wishbone.
624:The collarbone serves several functions:
556:shell. The cancellous bone forms via two
398:Left clavicle—from above, and from below
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
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329:of the body. Located directly above the
409:, and a slight rounded projection, the
317:The collarbone is a thin doubly curved
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1429:Journal of Anatomical Society of India
1080:Shape of collarbone (left). Animation.
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536:, during the fifth and sixth weeks of
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677:Superior surface and anterior border
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1142:Muscles of the neck. Anterior view.
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886:; they also have a bone called the
24:
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1341:Wong, Michael; Kiel, John (2024).
882:, where it is associated with the
688:, anteriorly on the lateral third
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1282:"Why Do We Call It a Collarbone?"
941:, they form part of the armoured
921:, and is not found in any living
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1308:Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
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544:while medially it is formed by
52:needs additional citations for
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1033:. The clavicles fused in some
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1201:Costal tuberosity of clavicle
838:Sternoclavicular dislocations
822:Acromioclavicular dislocation
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828:Degeneration of the clavicle
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542:intramembranous ossification
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1402:Clinically Oriented Anatomy
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548:. It consists of a mass of
477:Lateral region of the shaft
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970:Australopithecus afarensis
959:Though a number of fossil
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778:Sternocleidomastoid muscle
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1368:Standring, Susan (2016).
1349:. StatPearls Publishing.
1320:10.1007/s00276-007-0219-z
1013:(shoulder blade) and the
749:coracoclavicular ligament
747:(the lateral part of the
729:coracoclavicular ligament
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614:levator claviculae muscle
546:endochondral ossification
534:development of the embryo
509:coracoclavicular ligament
353:(shoulder blade), at the
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607:cleidocranial dysostosis
472:3D model of the clavicle
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242:Anatomical terms of bone
765:Pectoralis major muscle
454:acromioclavicular joint
355:acromioclavicular joint
270:is a slender, S-shaped
1189:anatomical terminology
1005:the main bones of the
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438:sternoclavicular joint
343:sternoclavicular joint
1106:Pectoral girdle—front
816:Clinical significance
642:cervicoaxillary canal
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597:supraclavicular nerve
567:The collarbone has a
518:
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142:Clavicle (collarbone)
1887:supracondylar ridges
1613:at Wikimedia Commons
1241:www.westfield.ma.edu
1037:dinosaurs to form a
558:ossification centres
341:(breastbone) at the
61:improve this article
1524:The Vertebrate Body
859:Collarbone fracture
845:mid-clavicular line
349:, a process of the
2179:Upper limb anatomy
1852:deltoid tuberosity
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745:Trapezoid ligament
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1609:Media related to
1570:978-1-4020-9979-3
1533:978-0-03-910284-5
1413:978-0-683-06141-3
1196:Clavicle fracture
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983:million years ago
954:placental mammals
865:Clavicle fracture
824:("AC Separation")
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715:subclavian groove
710:Subclavius muscle
672:Other attachment
519:Parts of clavicle
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1141:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1050:
998:
995:
967:attributed to
875:
872:
863:Main article:
860:
857:
841:
840:
835:
830:
825:
817:
814:
811:
810:
809:lateral third
807:
802:
798:
797:
794:
789:
785:
784:
781:
775:
771:
770:
767:
762:
758:
757:
755:trapezoid line
752:
742:
738:
737:
732:
722:
718:
717:
712:
707:
703:
702:
699:
694:
690:
689:
683:
681:Deltoid muscle
678:
674:
673:
670:
667:
657:
654:
653:
652:
649:axial skeleton
645:
630:
621:
618:
592:
589:
525:
522:
513:
512:
507:, part of the
501:trapezoid line
497:
490:
487:deltoid muscle
478:
475:
461:
458:
449:
446:
425:
422:
407:trapezoid line
400:
399:
395:
394:
380:
379:
375:
374:
314:
311:
280:shoulder blade
254:
253:
244:
238:
237:
232:
226:
225:
220:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
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184:
178:
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167:
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156:
155:
152:
144:
143:
135:
134:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2196:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
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2093:
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2077:
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2073:
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2069:
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2064:
2062:
2059:
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2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
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1878:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1847:radial sulcus
1845:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1806:
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1784:
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1776:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:glenoid fossa
1735:
1732:
1728:
1727:suprascapular
1724:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1688:
1685:
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1675:
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1667:
1665:
1661:
1657:
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1623:
1622:
1619:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:1-4051-3413-5
1586:
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1572:
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1518:
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1491:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1442:
1435:(2): 199–209.
1434:
1430:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1381:
1379:9780702052309
1375:
1371:
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1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
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1287:
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1277:
1262:
1256:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
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1190:
1157:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1083:
1076:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1049:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1023:ornithischian
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
991:modern humans
988:
982:
977:
972:
971:
966:
962:
957:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
911:interclavicle
908:
905:The earliest
903:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
874:Other animals
871:
866:
856:
854:
850:
846:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
823:
820:
819:
808:
806:
803:
800:
799:
795:
793:
790:
787:
786:
782:
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776:
773:
772:
768:
766:
763:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
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733:
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723:
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719:
716:
713:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
698:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
682:
679:
676:
675:
671:
668:
665:
664:
661:
650:
646:
643:
640:Covering the
635:
631:
627:
626:
625:
617:
615:
610:
608:
603:
600:
598:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
573:marrow cavity
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
517:
510:
506:
502:
498:
495:
491:
488:
484:
483:
482:
470:
466:
457:
455:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
421:
418:
416:
412:
408:
397:
396:
392:
386:
382:
381:
377:
376:
372:
366:
362:
361:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
310:
308:
304:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
249:
243:
239:
236:
233:
231:
227:
224:
221:
219:
215:
212:
209:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
188:
185:
183:
179:
174:
169:
162:
157:
150:
145:
140:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2139:intermediate
2028:Carpal bones
2002:near wrist (
1993:radial notch
1979:near elbow (
1951:near wrist (
1940:near elbow (
1900:
1886:
1872:
1856:
1840:
1821:
1807:
1801:
1770:
1750:supraglenoid
1746:infraglenoid
1741:
1722:
1704:
1663:
1579:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1523:
1498:
1484:cite journal
1451:
1447:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1422:
1401:
1369:
1363:
1346:
1336:
1311:
1307:
1300:
1289:. Retrieved
1285:
1276:
1265:. Retrieved
1263:. 2011-05-13
1261:"Busy Bones"
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1240:
1231:
1220:
1215:
1043:
1000:
997:In dinosaurs
987:A. afarensis
986:
968:
958:
947:
931:crocodilians
904:
884:pectoral fin
877:
868:
842:
659:
623:
611:
604:
601:
594:
581:compact bone
566:
554:compact bone
530:ossification
527:
480:
463:
451:
436:to form the
427:
419:
410:
403:
316:
302:
288:horizontally
278:between the
267:
263:
259:
257:
211:A02.4.02.001
186:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
1953:ulnar notch
1873:epicondyles
1709:subscapular
1237:"CorrectQ3"
1019:saurischian
935:salamanders
849:gallbladder
585:dermal bone
524:Development
448:Lateral end
413:(above the
176:Identifiers
2163:Categories
2046:triquetral
1981:tuberosity
1946:tuberosity
1812:anatomical
1347:StatPearls
1291:2023-09-14
1267:2016-12-02
1246:2023-09-14
1207:References
965:AL 333x6/9
950:marsupials
927:monotremes
915:amphibians
833:Osteolysis
583:. It is a
424:Medial end
264:collarbone
87:newspapers
76:"Clavicle"
2126:Phalanges
2061:trapezoid
2056:trapezium
1985:olecranon
1913:olecranon
1863:capitulum
1822:tubercles
1742:tubercles
1009:were the
1003:dinosaurs
907:tetrapods
892:symphysis
888:cleithrum
880:bony fish
620:Functions
591:Variation
538:gestation
430:manubrium
335:manubrium
331:first rib
319:long bone
313:Structure
303:clavicula
272:long bone
187:clavicula
117:July 2009
2184:Shoulder
2169:Clavicle
2134:proximal
2066:capitate
2051:pisiform
2036:scaphoid
1909:coronoid
1868:trochlea
1816:surgical
1779:inferior
1775:superior
1761:acromion
1664:clavicle
1611:Clavicle
1476:23982787
1468:24142486
1355:29763033
1328:17563831
1183:See also
1154:Clavicle
1094:3D image
1035:theropod
1015:coracoid
943:plastron
923:amniotes
919:reptiles
900:teleosts
347:acromion
307:abducted
282:and the
260:clavicle
2076:hamulus
1924:Forearm
1891:lateral
1877:lateral
1826:greater
1794:Humerus
1783:lateral
1723:notches
1697:Scapula
1650:of the
1046:furcula
1039:furcula
1031:glenoid
1027:humerus
1011:scapula
961:hominin
939:turtles
434:sternum
432:of the
351:scapula
339:sternum
337:of the
325:to the
284:sternum
268:keybone
199:D002968
171:Details
101:scholar
2144:distal
2071:hamate
2041:lunate
1933:Radius
1905:radial
1901:fossae
1895:medial
1881:medial
1830:lesser
1771:angles
1705:fossae
1587:
1567:
1530:
1474:
1466:
1410:
1376:
1353:
1326:
656:Muscle
562:fascia
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2174:Bones
1808:necks
1648:Bones
1472:S2CID
629:wall.
460:Shaft
327:trunk
300:Latin
276:strut
266:, or
246:[
235:13321
182:Latin
108:JSTOR
94:books
2019:Hand
1972:Ulna
1942:head
1842:body
1585:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1549:Homo
1528:ISBN
1490:link
1464:PMID
1408:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1351:PMID
1324:PMID
976:apes
952:and
933:and
612:The
258:The
223:1168
206:TA98
194:MeSH
80:news
2116:5th
2111:4th
2106:3rd
2101:2nd
2096:1st
1652:arm
1557:doi
1456:doi
1316:doi
1001:In
323:arm
296:fat
230:FMA
218:TA2
63:by
2165::
1995:,
1991:,
1987:,
1983:,
1959:,
1955:,
1944:,
1911:,
1907:,
1893:,
1879:,
1828:,
1814:,
1781:,
1777:,
1748:,
1729:,
1715:,
1711:,
1662:,
1563:.
1512:^
1486:}}
1482:{{
1470:.
1462:.
1452:27
1450:.
1433:51
1431:.
1388:^
1345:.
1322:.
1312:29
1310:.
1284:.
1239:.
993:.
945:.
902:.
855:.
609:.
444:.
357:.
262:,
2006:)
1999:)
1963:)
1948:)
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1903:(
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1889:(
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1860::
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1824:(
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1810:(
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1773:(
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1492:)
1478:.
1458::
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1382:.
1357:.
1330:.
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651:.
571:(
496:.
489:.
250:]
130:)
124:(
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115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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