335:
31:
203:
651:
866:(PZPR). The constitution served as a propaganda tool, proclaiming the "Polish People's Republic", and in theory establishing many rights for its citizens. In the 1970s and 1980s, the provisions of the constitution enabled opposition activists to challenge the authorities and accuse them of not complying with the constitution.
792:. The government backed off somewhat, and the final amendment deleted the phrase "citizens' rights depend upon fulfillment of civic duties", changed "unshakable fraternal bonds" to "strengthening of friendship" and made other conciliatory changes, but after the revised amendment passed there were still protests from the
530:
of the Polish People's
Republic started with 425 members in 1952 (one deputy represented 60,000 citizens). However, as the population grew, the number of deputies increased. By 1960 the constitution was amended, dropping the calculation and stabilizing the
720:
The
Council of Ministers also had legislative initiative under Article 25. The composition of the Council of Ministers was set forth in Article 39. The Council of Ministers developed the state budget and socio-economic plans and presented them to the
799:
The constitution was heavily amended during the period of political transformation of 1989-92. The amendments purged the document of its communist character and phrasing. Among the more important changes were:
701:. The council also voted in matters related to the military. It granted citizenship and could invoke pardon. The council not only had legislative initiative under Article 25, but could issue administrative
476:
1380:
1553:
1340:
1233:
406:(PZPR), was not regulated by the constitution; it was ruled by its own statute. The constitution legalized many practices that had been introduced in Poland, in the wake of the
539:
previously used. An article in the constitution stated that deputies were responsible to the people and could be recalled by the people, although this article was never used.
487:
pruned out the document's communist character. From 29 December 1989 the document was known as the
Constitution of the Republic of Poland. It was superseded by a new
1333:
1211:[An Act of 29 December 1989 to amend the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic]. Dz.U. 1989 Nr. 75, pos 444 (in Polish). Sejm, Government of Poland.
827:
changed the official name of the country from the Polish People's
Republic to the Republic of Poland and removed references to Poland being a socialist state.
1719:
1480:
1326:
862:
The chief role of the 1952 Constitution was to ratify and secure communist rule in Poland, however, it failed to regulate the main source of power – the
662:
Executive power was held by the
Council of Ministers and the Council of State. The Council of State replaced the previous Polish head of the state, the
1362:
1299:
Legal issues of the
Constitution of the Polish People's Republic: materials from a scientific session of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 4–9 July 1953
769:
During its forty-five years of service, the
Constitution of the Polish People's Republic was subject to many changes, with its text amended 24 times.
321:
1390:
1225:
1375:
1500:
693:). Article 30 of the constitution set out the authority of the Council of State, including representing the Polish People's Republic in
334:
1400:
249:
690:
1395:
422:
1689:
742:
1191:
1162:
1133:
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country, the PZPR was the leading force in the building of socialism and Poland shared "unshakable fraternal bonds" with the
314:
244:
1770:
1635:
1490:
239:
1420:
508:
1655:
1349:
578:
362:
593:), and members of the Council of State. Many other government officials were also chosen, including the head of the
1780:
1760:
1543:
1425:
754:
610:
307:
1630:
1470:
1295:
Zagadnienia prawne
Konstytucji Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej: materialy sesji naukowej PAN, 4–9 lipca 1953 r.
1178:
Zirakzadeh, Cyrus
Ernesto (2006). "Chapter 5. A World to Be Remade: Sociopolitical Circumstances of Solidarity".
772:
The most controversial amendment was that of 10 February 1976. The proposed amendment declared that Poland was a
437:
403:
1765:
1548:
909:
Rozmaryn, Stefan (1959). "Parliamentary
Control of Administrative Activities in the Polish People's Republic".
1699:
1650:
1625:
1605:
645:
594:
590:
1775:
1729:
1709:
1558:
374:
269:
1077:. Birmingham, England: Centre for Russian and East European Studies, University of Birmingham. p. 7.
725:
for approval. After approval the Council of Ministers oversaw the execution of the plans and the budget.
1485:
1353:
685:
Polish United Workers' Party, although occasionally other deputies were chosen. The council acted as the
381:
259:
1430:
831:
484:
370:
289:
274:
254:
234:
176:
1515:
890:
Cieplak, Tadeusz N. (1972). "Section 4. The Government: Introduction". In Cieplak, Tadeusz N. (ed.).
1590:
1532:
1318:
1117:
586:
536:
472:
149:
1785:
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402:) was declared to be the highest state authority. The real source of supreme state power, the
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851:
translation of the draft text of the 1952 Constitution was personally reviewed and edited by
682:
30:
1750:
1405:
669:
Article 29 provided that Council of State members were elected at the first session of the
429:
213:
1312:
1209:"Ustawa z dnia 29 gruduia 1989 r. o zmianie Konstytucja Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej"
8:
1724:
1704:
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1615:
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813:
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461:
264:
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1415:
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Ustawa z dnia 29 gruduia 1989 r. o zmianie Konstytucja Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
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1600:
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480:
284:
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677:(established at four years by Article 28). The council was composed of members of the
166:
1610:
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1281:
1260:
1187:
1158:
1129:
1078:
1053:
989:
930:
134:
94:
967:
An Act of 29 December 1989 to amend the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
1645:
1640:
1440:
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809:
789:
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618:
512:
1510:
1445:
1435:
1410:
863:
793:
551:
35:
Draft of the Polish constitution, with revisions and annotations hand-written by
519:
remaining the sole legislative body in Poland. Under the 1952 constitution, the
444:
was granted on paper the paramount authority in government; it oversaw both the
1682:
1520:
69:
1744:
1579:
1475:
1456:
1285:
1264:
1228:[Corrections made by Stalin, the final version developed by Bierut].
852:
824:
686:
543:
465:
433:
162:
104:
36:
1595:
1082:
1048:. Alphen ann den Rijn, the Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff. pp.
984:. Alphen ann den Rijn, the Netherlands: Sijthoff & Noordhoff. pp.
785:
781:
777:
456:
in practice exercised little or no real power. Under the constitution, the
418:
407:
366:
59:
1120:(1980). "Chapter 16. Poland under Gierek". In Leslie, Robert Frank (ed.).
471:
The constitution was amended twenty-four times, with the most contentious
969:], Dz.U. 1989 Nr. 75, pos 444 (in Polish), Sejm, Government of Poland
738:
399:
358:
16:
Polish constitution passed by polish communists in Polish People Republic
892:
Poland Since 1956: Readings and essays on Polish government and politics
737:
was the overseer of all other courts, which were divided into regional (
475:
being that of 10 February 1976. It was significantly amended during the
650:
523:
officially became the "supreme organ of state power" under article 20.
221:
202:
124:
79:
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did little more than rubber-stamp decisions already made by the PZPR.
380:
The 1952 constitution introduced a new name for the Polish state, the
773:
714:
694:
445:
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in 1944–1945, by Polish-communist governmental bodies, including the
1348:
705:
under Article 31. However, those decrees had to be confirmed by the
1180:
Social Movements in Politics, Expanded Edition: A Comparative Study
1157:]. Warsaw, Poland: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. p. 429.
820:, elected in 1989, became the first president of Poland since 1952.
628:
In practice, like its counterparts in other communist regimes, the
410:
535:
at 460 deputies. A "proportional" attribute was dropped from the
830:
On 17 October 1992, much of the constitution was replaced by the
1206:
See Article 1, Section 4, paragraph 1 and Article 1, section 8,
440:, expressed as "the working people of towns and villages", the
702:
698:
52:
1226:"Poprawki nanosił Stalin, ostateczną wersję opracował Bierut"
741:) and particular (administrative and military). In 1980, the
625:) (the latter three institutions were created in the 1980s).
1124:. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp.
502:
394:
855:; his modifications were inserted into the Polish text by
388:, PRL), replacing the previously used Republic of Poland (
1177:
1116:
1280:]. Warsaw, Poland: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
1257:
About the Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
666:(which terminated the presidency of Bolesław Bierut).
1720:
1987 Polish political and economic reforms referendum
1301:]. Warsaw, Poland: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.
432:, the constitution introduced the Soviet concept of "
1075:
The Organisation and Work of the Polish Sejm 1952–72
1148:
1043:
709:in its next session. The council also defined the
573:also chose a Presidium from its members, with the
558:deliberated in sessions, which were called by the
780:. The amendment caused protests resulting in the
436:". While the ultimate power was reserved for the
1742:
1391:Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland
1292:
1271:
1250:
908:
1253:O Konstytucji Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
1009:
1007:
1005:
1334:
1278:Statutory law in the Polish People's Republic
1112:
1110:
1072:
713:, which in many countries is reserved to the
689:(in practice the body was represented by the
338:Adoption of the July Constitution by the Sejm
315:
84:Marxist–Leninist one-party socialist republic
1094:
1092:
373:of 1947, which in turn replaced the pre-war
347:Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
24:Constitution of the Polish People's Republic
1220:
1218:
1002:
1341:
1327:
1274:Ustawa w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
1155:Half a century of Polish history 1939–1989
1107:
322:
308:
196:Constitutions and major statutes of Poland
29:
1259:]. Warsaw, Poland: Książka i Wiedza.
1089:
973:
885:
883:
881:
879:
1501:Stalinist show trial of the Kraków Curia
1401:Provisional Government of National Unity
1313:English Translation of 1952 Constitution
1215:
1182:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p.
1046:The Constitutions of the Communist World
1039:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
982:The Constitutions of the Communist World
649:
365:on 22 July 1952. It superseded the post-
333:
1396:Polish Committee of National Liberation
1376:Polish population transfers (1944–1946)
1013:
943:
894:. New York: Twayne Publishers. p.
889:
423:Polish Committee of National Liberation
1743:
1690:Military Council of National Salvation
1098:
979:
876:
1322:
1022:
845:1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union
697:and in ratification of international
496:
681:; they were usually chosen from the
1151:Pół Wieku Dziejów Polski, 1939–1989
635:
589:together with other ministers (the
13:
923:10.1111/j.1467-9248.1959.tb00893.x
554:as proposed by the executive. The
14:
1797:
1656:1981 Polish hunger demonstrations
1636:Independent Students' Association
1554:Bishops' Letter of Reconciliation
1491:Mokotów Prison executions of 1951
1306:
1236:from the original on 25 May 2014.
190:politics and government of Poland
1544:1957 Polish legislative election
1426:1947 Polish legislative election
1122:The History of Poland since 1863
1044:Simons, William B., ed. (1980).
980:Simons, William B., ed. (1980).
691:Chairman of the Council of State
240:Warsaw Duchy Constitution (1807)
201:
1631:Solidarity (Polish trade union)
1421:1946 Polish people's referendum
1200:
1171:
1142:
581:. During its first session the
509:1946 Polish people's referendum
438:dictatorship of the proletariat
1549:Millennium of the Polish State
1293:Wasilkowski, Jan, ed. (1954).
1066:
952:
937:
902:
1:
1651:1981 warning strike in Poland
869:
764:
745:was introduced. In 1982, the
646:Council of Ministers (Poland)
577:always being a member of the
1730:Polish Round Table Agreement
1710:Federation of Fighting Youth
1559:1968 Polish political crisis
1471:Polish United Workers' Party
1230:Polskie Radio (Polish Radio)
1149:Paczkowski, Andrzej (1995).
847:was an exemplar act and the
743:Supreme Administrative Court
728:
515:had been abolished with the
404:Polish United Workers' Party
386:Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa
7:
1486:Socialist realism in Poland
1232:(in Polish). 22 July 2012.
838:
749:(which also existed in the
623:Rzecznik Praw Obywatelskich
460:replaced the office of the
428:Instead of the traditional
425:(PKWN) and its successors.
295:Current Constitution (1997)
10:
1802:
1671:autocratic rule and demise
1606:Workers' Defence Committee
1431:Small Constitution of 1947
1244:
832:Small Constitution of 1992
808:was passed, restoring the
784:, asking for inclusion of
639:
542:Legislation was passed by
500:
479:. Successive revisions in
434:unity of the state's power
265:August Novelization (1926)
235:Constitution of 3 May 1791
177:Small Constitution of 1947
1664:
1577:
1530:
1454:
1360:
1272:Rozmaryn, Stefan (1964).
1251:Bierut, Bolesław (1956).
290:Small Constitution (1992)
285:April Novelization (1989)
275:Small Constitution (1947)
270:April Constitution (1935)
260:March Constitution (1921)
255:Small Constitution (1919)
230:Henrician Articles (1573)
172:
158:
148:
143:
133:
123:
113:
103:
93:
88:
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68:
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28:
23:
1771:Polish People's Republic
1626:Jastrzębie-Zdrój strikes
1354:Polish People's Republic
959:"Article 1, Section 1",
761:office were introduced.
550:voted on the budget and
537:five-point electoral law
382:Polish People's Republic
280:People's Republic (1952)
245:Kingdom of Poland (1815)
187:Part of a series on the
1781:Legal history of Poland
1761:Constitutions of Poland
1569:Polish protests of 1970
1516:Poznań protests of 1956
1118:Pełczyński, Zbigniew A.
755:Constitutional Tribunal
656:Polish Council of State
642:Polish Council of State
611:Constitutional Tribunal
601:, NIK), members of the
458:Polish Council of State
452:branches. However, the
1073:Sakwa, George (1976).
823:In December 1989, the
751:Second Polish Republic
711:interpretation of laws
659:
615:Trybunał Konstytucyjny
599:Najwyższa Izba Kotroli
489:Constitution of Poland
363:communist-ruled Poland
339:
250:Organic Statute (1832)
1766:Defunct constitutions
1695:Pacification of Wujek
1678:Martial law in Poland
1584:international opening
1564:Kniefall von Warschau
1506:Trial of the Generals
1371:Recovered Territories
653:
640:Further information:
579:United People's Party
501:Further information:
392:). The communist-led
390:Rzeczpospolita Polska
337:
1406:Trial of the Sixteen
1381:Expulsion of Germans
673:for the term of the
595:Supreme Audit Office
591:Council of Ministers
491:on 17 October 1997.
430:separation of powers
415:Polish People's Army
355:Constitution of 1952
215:Neminem captivabimus
89:Government structure
1776:Stalinism in Poland
1725:1988 Polish strikes
1705:Fighting Solidarity
1700:1982 demonstrations
1616:1980 Lublin strikes
1537:autarchic communism
818:Wojciech Jaruzelski
814:President of Poland
804:In April 1989, the
796:and intellectuals.
664:President of Poland
575:Marshal of the Sejm
462:President of Poland
349:(also known as the
70:Date effective
1715:Orange Alternative
1601:June 1976 protests
812:and the office of
806:April Novelization
660:
617:), as well as the
566:from its members.
497:Legislative branch
375:April Constitution
371:Small Constitution
340:
1738:
1737:
1611:Flying University
1591:1971 Łódź strikes
1496:1952 Constitution
1386:Operation Vistula
1315:from Sejm Library
1193:978-1-4039-6376-5
1164:978-83-01-11756-6
1135:978-0-521-22645-5
1059:978-90-286-0070-6
995:978-90-286-0070-6
911:Political Studies
788:as stated in the
695:foreign relations
654:A meeting of the
351:July Constitution
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135:Electoral college
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1547:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1476:Six-Year Plan
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1458:
1457:Sovietization
1453:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1145:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1111:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1006:
997:
991:
987:
983:
976:
968:
964:
963:
955:
949:
945:
940:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
905:
897:
893:
886:
884:
882:
880:
875:
867:
865:
860:
858:
854:
853:Joseph Stalin
850:
846:
833:
829:
826:
825:Contract Sejm
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
802:
801:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:Supreme Court
726:
724:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:head of state
684:
680:
676:
672:
667:
665:
657:
652:
647:
643:
633:
631:
626:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:majority vote
540:
538:
534:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
504:
494:
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
469:
467:
466:head of state
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
426:
424:
420:
416:
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
343:
336:
325:
320:
318:
313:
311:
306:
305:
303:
302:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
224:
220:
218:
216:
212:
211:
209:
208:
204:
200:
199:
195:
194:
191:
186:
185:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
163:Joseph Stalin
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
142:
138:
136:
132:
128:
126:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
106:
105:Head of state
102:
98:
96:
92:
87:
83:
81:
77:
73:
71:
67:
63:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
42:
38:
37:Joseph Stalin
32:
27:
22:
19:
1596:Letter of 59
1495:
1298:
1294:
1277:
1273:
1256:
1252:
1229:
1202:
1179:
1173:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1121:
1074:
1068:
1045:
1014:Cieplak 1972
981:
975:
966:
961:
954:
944:Cieplak 1972
939:
917:(1): 70–85.
914:
910:
904:
891:
861:
842:
798:
786:human rights
782:Letter of 59
778:Soviet Union
771:
768:
732:
722:
719:
706:
678:
674:
670:
668:
661:
629:
627:
622:
614:
606:
598:
582:
570:
568:
563:
555:
547:
541:
532:
527:
525:
520:
516:
506:
493:
470:
453:
441:
427:
419:Nazi Germany
393:
389:
385:
379:
369:provisional
367:World War II
354:
350:
346:
344:
341:
279:
222:
214:
74:22 July 1952
64:22 July 1952
49:Jurisdiction
18:
1751:1952 in law
1099:Simons 1980
739:voivodeship
400:legislature
359:supreme law
217:acts (1430)
1745:Categories
1667:Jaruzelski
1101:, p.
1016:, p.
946:, p.
870:References
765:Amendments
757:, and the
417:defeat of
377:of 1935.
361:passed in
225:act (1505)
223:Nihil novi
173:Supersedes
150:Amendments
125:Federalism
119:Unicameral
1286:831357713
1265:236235145
931:146421762
774:socialist
759:Ombudsman
729:Judiciary
715:judiciary
619:Ombudsman
473:amendment
450:executive
159:Author(s)
109:President
1665:1981–89
1578:1970–81
1531:1956–70
1455:1948–56
1361:1945–48
1234:Archived
839:Synopsis
699:treaties
683:dominant
446:judicial
413:and the
411:Red Army
357:) was a
115:Chambers
95:Branches
60:Ratified
44:Overview
1533:Gomułka
1464:'s rule
1352:of the
1350:History
1245:Sources
1126:431–432
1083:4330848
1050:295–296
849:Russian
753:), the
703:decrees
507:In the
468:organ.
464:as the
353:or the
144:History
129:Unitary
1580:Gierek
1523:(1956)
1462:Bierut
1460:under
1284:
1263:
1190:
1161:
1132:
1081:
1056:
992:
929:
609:) and
546:. The
408:Soviet
80:System
53:Poland
1297:[
1276:[
1255:[
1153:[
965:[
927:S2CID
1282:OCLC
1261:OCLC
1188:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1130:ISBN
1079:OCLC
1054:ISBN
990:ISBN
843:The
733:The
723:Sejm
707:Sejm
679:Sejm
675:Sejm
671:Sejm
644:and
630:Sejm
583:Sejm
571:Sejm
569:The
564:Sejm
556:Sejm
548:Sejm
533:Sejm
528:Sejm
526:The
521:Sejm
517:Sejm
511:the
503:Sejm
485:1992
483:and
481:1989
454:Sejm
448:and
442:Sejm
395:Sejm
345:The
1582:'s
1103:298
1018:207
986:294
948:208
919:doi
896:206
1747::
1669:'s
1535:'s
1217:^
1186:.
1184:85
1128:.
1109:^
1091:^
1052:.
1024:^
1004:^
988:.
925:.
913:.
878:^
859:.
816:.
717:.
342:.
165:,
154:24
139:No
1342:e
1335:t
1328:v
1288:.
1267:.
1196:.
1167:.
1138:.
1085:.
1062:.
998:.
933:.
921::
915:7
898:.
834:.
621:(
613:(
605:(
597:(
398:(
384:(
323:e
316:t
309:v
99:3
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