780:, is the angular velocity or frequency required to maintain a body at a fixed circle of latitude or zonal region. If the Coriolis parameter is large, the effect of the Earth's rotation on the body is significant since it will need a larger angular frequency to stay in equilibrium with the Coriolis forces. Alternatively, if the Coriolis parameter is small, the effect of the Earth's rotation is small since only a small fraction of the centripetal force on the body is canceled by the Coriolis force. Thus the magnitude of
25:
330:
in the Earth's rotating reference frame. In the local reference frame of the body, the vertical direction is parallel to the radial vector pointing from the center of the Earth to the location of the body and the horizontal direction is perpendicular to this vertical direction and in the
880:
365:
425:
755:
613:
210:
548:
387:
494:
685:
465:
308:
165:
705:
903:
830:
798:
778:
656:
636:
526:
445:
328:
264:
800:
strongly affects the relevant dynamics contributing to the body's motion. These considerations are captured in the nondimensionalized
89:
905:
is the in the local direction of increasing meridian. This parameter becomes important, for example, in calculations involving
61:
957:
842:
977:
68:
42:
338:
392:
713:
556:
991:
108:
75:
173:
57:
46:
1013:
531:
370:
470:
216:
983:
35:
661:
467:
with the local vertical direction. The local horizontal direction of the
Coriolis force is thus
367:), however, is perpendicular to the plane containing both the earth's angular velocity vector
82:
450:
293:
150:
1018:
690:
290:
Consider a body (for example a fixed volume of atmosphere) moving along at a given latitude
928:
16:
Frequency of inertial oscillation at the Earth's surface resulting from the
Coriolis effect
8:
923:
246:(23 h 56 min 4.1 s). In the midlatitudes, the typical value for
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815:
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641:
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249:
950:
Atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics : fundamentals and large-scale circulation
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833:
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906:
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918:
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along the meridional direction becomes significant. This is called the
497:
332:
271:
24:
145:
223: = 7.2921 × 10 rad/s) can be calculated as 2
427:) and the body's own velocity in the rotating reference frame
638:
is the radius of curvature of the path of object (defined by
952:(Reprint. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
141:
707:
is the magnitude of the spin rate of the Earth, to obtain
875:{\displaystyle \beta ={\frac {\partial f}{\partial y}}}
891:
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693:
664:
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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360:{\displaystyle 2\,{\boldsymbol {\Omega \times v}}}
359:
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204:
159:
812:In stability calculations, the rate of change of
447:. Thus, the Coriolis force is always at an angle
420:{\displaystyle |{\boldsymbol {\Omega }}|=\Omega }
1005:
750:{\displaystyle f=\omega =2\Omega \sin \varphi .}
608:{\displaystyle v^{2}/r=2(\Omega \sin \varphi )v}
528:such that the centripetal and Coriolis (due to
335:direction. The Coriolis force (proportional to
508:Suppose the body is moving with a velocity
976:; Charles P. Poole; John L. Safko (1980).
205:{\displaystyle f=2\Omega \sin \varphi .\,}
496:. This force acts to move the body along
345:
201:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
982:(2nd ed.). Addison Wesley. p.
550:) forces on it are balanced. This gives
543:{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\Omega }}}
382:{\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\Omega }}}
353:
1006:
947:
270:on the surface of the Earth have this
136:, is equal to twice the rotation rate
489:{\displaystyle \Omega \sin \varphi }
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
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1030:
500:or in the meridional directions.
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231: radians per second, where
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140:of the Earth multiplied by the
34:needs additional citations for
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1:
934:
760:Thus the Coriolis parameter,
948:Vallis, Geoffrey K. (2006).
7:
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10:
1035:
680:{\displaystyle v=r\omega }
239:of the Earth which is one
217:rotation rate of the Earth
460:{\displaystyle \varphi }
303:{\displaystyle \varphi }
160:{\displaystyle \varphi }
836:and is usually denoted
700:{\displaystyle \omega }
899:
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826:
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681:
652:
632:
609:
544:
522:
490:
461:
441:
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278:are the result of the
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235: is the rotation
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268:Inertial oscillations
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1014:Atmospheric dynamics
929:Rossby-gravity waves
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266:is about 10 rad/s.
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174:
151:
134:Coriolis coefficient
58:"Coriolis frequency"
43:improve this article
979:Classical Mechanics
974:Goldstein, Herbert
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130:Coriolis parameter
128:, also called the
123:Coriolis frequency
959:978-0-521-84969-2
898:{\displaystyle y}
870:
825:{\displaystyle f}
793:{\displaystyle f}
773:{\displaystyle f}
651:{\displaystyle v}
631:{\displaystyle r}
521:{\displaystyle v}
440:{\displaystyle v}
323:{\displaystyle v}
259:{\displaystyle f}
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924:Earth's rotation
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834:Rossby parameter
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808:Rossby parameter
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19:
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715:
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619:
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280:Coriolis effect
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28:
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11:
5:
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31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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1020:
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993:0-201-02918-9
989:
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892:
866:
858:
849:
846:
839:
838:
837:
835:
819:
805:
803:
802:Rossby number
787:
767:
744:
741:
738:
735:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
710:
709:
708:
694:
674:
671:
668:
665:
658:). Replacing
645:
625:
602:
596:
593:
590:
581:
578:
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571:
565:
561:
553:
552:
551:
515:
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483:
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477:
454:
434:
411:
342:
334:
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102:
99:February 2013
91:
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70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1019:Oceanography
978:
968:
949:
943:
907:Rossby waves
884:
811:
759:
617:
507:
310:at velocity
289:
276:oscillations
241:
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137:
133:
129:
125:
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96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
504:Equilibrium
286:Explanation
1008:Categories
935:References
919:Beta plane
498:longitudes
333:meridional
69:newspapers
864:∂
856:∂
847:β
742:φ
739:
733:Ω
724:ω
695:ω
675:ω
597:φ
594:
588:Ω
537:Ω
484:φ
481:
475:Ω
455:φ
415:Ω
403:Ω
376:Ω
351:×
348:Ω
298:φ
274:. These
272:frequency
196:φ
193:
187:Ω
155:φ
913:See also
687:, where
242:sidereal
146:latitude
389:(where
144:of the
83:scholar
990:
956:
885:where
618:where
237:period
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
90:JSTOR
76:books
988:ISBN
954:ISBN
215:The
142:sine
121:The
62:news
984:178
736:sin
591:sin
478:sin
244:day
190:sin
132:or
45:by
1010::
986:.
909:.
804:.
282:.
167:.
996:.
962:.
893:y
867:y
859:f
850:=
820:f
788:f
768:f
745:.
730:2
727:=
721:=
718:f
672:r
669:=
666:v
646:v
626:r
603:v
600:)
585:(
582:2
579:=
576:r
572:/
566:2
562:v
516:v
435:v
412:=
408:|
398:|
354:v
343:2
318:v
254:f
233:T
229:T
225:π
221:Ω
219:(
199:.
184:2
181:=
178:f
138:Ω
126:ƒ
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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