156:
145:
84:
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1806:
273:, ruled against a school's decision to refuse entry to a student with cornrows. The school claimed this was part of its policy mandating "short back and sides" haircuts, and banning styles that might be worn as indicators of gang membership. However, the court ruled that the student was expressing a tradition and that such policies, while possibly justifiable in certain cases (e.g. skinhead gangs), had to accommodate reasonable racial diversities and cultural practices.
296:
247:
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20:
308:
262:, have been the subject of several disputes in U.S. workplaces, as well as universities and schools. Some employers and educational institutions have considered them unsuitable and banned them. Employees and civil rights groups have countered that such attitudes evidence cultural bias or racism, and some disputes have resulted in litigation.
38:, originating in Africa, in which the hair is braided very close to the scalp, using an underhand, upward motion to make a continuous, raised row. Cornrows are often done in simple, straight lines, as the term implies, but they can also be styled in elaborate geometric or curvilinear designs. They are distinct from, but may resemble,
66:
if maintained through careful washing of the hair and natural oiling of the scalp. Braids are considered a protective styling on
African curly hair as they allow for easy and restorative growth; braids pulled too tightly or worn for longer lengths of time and on different hair types can cause a type of hair loss known as
183:. Whether these statues feature cornrows, another type of braids, headdresses, or some other styling has been a matter of vigorous debate — some historians rule out cornrows, however. The Venus of Brassempouy is often said to wear a wig or a patterned hood, while the Venus of Willendorf is said to be wearing
135:
were depicted wearing braided hairstyles, including the shuruba. Cornrow hairstyles in Africa also cover a wide social terrain: religion, kinship, status, age, racial diversity, and other attributes of identity can all be expressed in hairstyle. Just as important is the act of braiding, which passes
65:
Cornrows are worn by both sexes, and are, on some occasions, adorned with beads, hair cuffs, or cowrie shells. The duration of weaving cornrow braids may take up to five hours, depending on the quantity and width. Often favored for their easy maintenance, cornrows can be left in for weeks at a time
222:
Enslaved Black people may have worn cornrows as one way to keep their hair neat and flat to their scalp while working; the other styles they developed alongside these may have blended
African, European and Native American trends and traditions. African-American, Afro-Latino and Caribbean folklore
123:. In Ethiopia and Eritrea, there are many braided hairstyles which may include cornrows or "shuruba", such as Habesha or Albaso braids, and Tigray shuriba. Though such hairstyles have always been popular with women, Ethiopian men have also worn such hairstyles. In 19th century
210:
The first recorded use of the word "cornrow" was in
America in 1769, referring to the corn fields of the Americas. The earliest recorded use of the term "cornrows" to refer a hairstyle was in 1971; the name "canerows" may be more common in parts of the
1143:. Christopher L. C. E. Witcombe, 2003: "The rows are not one continuous spiral but are, in fact, composed in seven concentric horizontal bands that encircle the head and two more horizontal bands underneath the first seven on the back of the head."
223:
relates multiple stories of cornrows being used to communicate or provide maps for slaves across the "New World". Today, such styles retain their link with Black self-expression and creativity, and may also serve as a political expression.
95:
Modern cornrows are most closely associated with Black people in the
Americas, including the USA and Caribbean, but are thought to come from older African traditions. Depictions of women with what appear to be cornrows have been found in
144:
61:
during his time as a slave in
Colombia. They often serve as a form of black self-expression. Cornrows are traditionally called "kolese" or "irun didi" in Yoruba, and are often nicknamed "didi braids" in the Nigerian diaspora.
226:
Cornrows made a comeback in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s, and returned again during the 1990s and 2000s. In the 2000s, some athletes wore cornrows, including NBA basketball players
152:
Though controversial, there have been a number of examples of
European art and sculpture alleged to depict hairstyles similar to modern cornrows, though this is contested by modern scholars.
148:
Reconstruction of Venus of
Brassempouy by Libor Balák. Czech Academy of Sciences. Although this may be inaccurate due to Europeans having darker skin 23-29,000 years ago
885:
768:
1466:
955:
851:
155:
238:. Some female mixed martial artists have chosen to wear cornrows for their fights as it prevents their hair from obscuring their vision as they move.
119:
In Africa, cornrows have been documented in the ancient Nok civilization in
Nigeria, in the Mende culture of Sierra Leone, and the Dan culture of the
1763:
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331:
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on cultural values between generations, expresses bonds between friends, and establishes the role of professional practitioner.
1737:
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877:
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281:
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1624:
1537:""I am Not my Hair! Or am I?": Black Women's Transformative Experience in their Self Perceptions of Abroad and at Home"
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Since the early 5th century B.C., Ancient Greek and Roman art shows men and women with a characteristic melon
855:
554:
2267:
2177:
1498:"When things get hairy: afros, cornrows, and the desegregation of US military hair salons in West Germany"
1414:
319:
57:. According to black folklore, cornrows were often used to communicate on the Underground Railroad and by
423:
108:, and have been dated as far back as 3000 B.C. A similar style is also seen in depictions of the ancient
1651:
191:
1368:
Working IX to V : orgy planners, funeral clowns, and other prized professions of the ancient world
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91:
wearing traditional
Ethiopian braids. See page for author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons
83:
2668:
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496:
825:
Encyclopedia of
African history and culture: Ancient Africa (prehistory to 500 CE), Volume 1
3070:
2780:
2693:
2618:
2512:
2262:
701:"The black hair care industry generates billions — but the US is missing out on the market"
338:
168:
1599:"For Professional Fighters, Hairstyles Can Make the Difference Between Winning and Losing"
1133:
1061:
981:
623:"It's Time We Ditch the Words "Cornrows" and "Canerows" and Call Them Didi Braids Instead"
8:
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198:" tradition, which may be confused with cornrows. The traditional hairstyle of Roman
67:
908:
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101:
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673:
468:"Cornrows, Braids, Twists, Oh My: How To Spot The Difference In Braiding Styles"
58:
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1943:
1156:
The embodiment of disobedience : fat black women's unruly political bodies
1007:
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113:
53:
The name may refer to the corn fields or sugar cane fields of the Americas and
1080:
599:
175:, which date between 23,000 and 29,000 years ago and were found in modern day
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2742:
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2152:
2002:
1764:"California becomes first state to ban discrimination against natural hair"
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184:
47:
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132:
128:
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116:, who appear to be wearing this style of braids as far back as 2000 B.C.
88:
43:
1805:
202:, the sini crenes, also incorporates two braids that resemble cornrows.
3009:
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1987:
1948:
1938:
1911:
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39:
1441:"Ancient Roman Vestal Virgin hairstyle re-created for very first time"
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2017:
1997:
1968:
1901:
1875:
1548:
956:"African Ghana Wall Mask, Woman with Braided Hair, Hand Carved Ebony"
212:
97:
54:
1062:"The Women of Brassempouy: A Century of Research and Interpretation"
2922:
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2012:
1953:
1906:
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124:
109:
741:"Heidi Klum Bikini Pic: Star Flashes Butt, Shows Off Cornrow Hair"
2907:
2897:
2700:
2502:
2367:
2352:
2197:
2062:
2022:
1928:
1921:
1916:
555:"Did Braiding Maps in Cornrows Help Black Slaves Escape Slavery?"
246:
180:
1238:"The earliest artistic depiction of a hairstyle | New Scientist"
50:, and are typically tighter than braids used in other cultures.
3040:
2892:
2663:
2566:
2272:
1870:
1793:
1205:
The hungry gene : the inside story of the obesity industry
498:
Good Hair: The Essential Guide to Afro, Textured and Curly Hair
176:
105:
3055:
2732:
2556:
2402:
2362:
1818:
1625:"Michaela Angela Davis on the Power of Protective Hairstyles"
35:
1678:"Cornrows: History, Controversy & Freedom of Expression"
1104:"Echoes of the Past: Prehistoric Wonders in Southern France"
167:
The oldest of these depictions are the statues known as the
159:
Melon coiffure on Small Herculaneum woman, ca. 2nd century,
2852:
2507:
2102:
1982:
1849:
1008:"A hair journey through time | Hair Journey with Laurencia"
251:
19:
1344:
Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings
909:"Albaso Braids: Modern Ethiopian Braids & Hairstyles"
1265:
Painted Caves: Palaeolithic Rock Art in Western Europe
1702:
1340:"Hairstyles in the Arts of Greek and Roman Antiquity"
1208:(1st Grove Press ed.). New York: Grove Press.
282:
discrimination based on hair style and hair texture
269:of the United Kingdom, in a decision reported as a
1566:
1035:English: History of human pigmentation in Europe.
852:"History of Cornrow Braiding: African Origins 1.b"
1564:
1467:"History of Cornrow Braiding: Middle Passage 2.b"
1415:"Oldest Roman Hairstyle Recreated for First Time"
878:"History of Cornrow Braiding: African Origins1.c"
769:"History of Cornrow Braiding: African Orgins 1.d"
3092:
494:
934:"20 Ethiopian Hairstyle Ideas – Forever Braids"
442:"History of Braids: More Than Just a Hairstyle"
254:woman wearing cornrows in a traditional styling
822:
699:Green, Ashley Turner,Dymond (17 August 2018).
520:
518:
1834:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1032:Carlberg, Andrea HanelCarsten (3 July 2020),
799:"The evolution of cornrows - Reader's Digest"
490:
488:
424:"A Visual History of Iconic Black Hairstyles"
1129:
1127:
1125:
982:"Returning to Roots: Braids Make a Comeback"
724:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
650:. Africanamericanhairstyling. Archived from
588:International Journal of Inclusive Education
34:) are a style of traditionally three-strand
1152:
1069:Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory
515:
1841:
1827:
1652:"why do female mma fighters have cornrows"
1399:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1187:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1048:
485:
1290:"Seated Nude Woman with "Melon Coiffure""
1122:
584:"Black hair culture, politics and change"
548:
546:
465:
341:, controversially argued to have cornrows
1709:. Oxford University Press. p. 143.
1569:Encyclopedia of Hair: A Cultural History
1496:Jaima, Felicitas R. (2 September 2017).
1031:
245:
161:National Archaeological Museum of Athens
154:
143:
82:
18:
1649:
1534:
1268:. Oxford University Press. p. 47.
552:
3093:
1573:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.
1261:
907:Staff, Shine My Crown (20 June 2023).
543:
258:Over the decades, cornrows, alongside
46:, melon coiffures, and other forms of
1822:
1560:
1558:
1535:Chapman, Yolanda (28 November 2007).
1495:
1201:
906:
846:
844:
763:
761:
738:
698:
501:. Penguin Books Limited. p. 42.
421:
1364:
581:
577:
575:
495:Charlotte Mensah (29 October 2020).
466:Underwood, Khalea (24 August 2019).
1738:"School braids ban 'not justified'"
1021:– via University of Brighton.
979:
620:
422:Horne, Madison (28 February 2018).
276:In the US state of California, the
13:
2263:Ivy League, Harvard, Princeton cut
1675:
1555:
841:
758:
674:"Braiding 'can lead to hair loss'"
127:, male warriors and kings such as
14:
3147:
3031:Beard and haircut laws by country
1786:
1005:
572:
1804:
1792:
330:
318:
306:
294:
3026:Andre Walker Hair Typing System
2248:Historical Christian hairstyles
1756:
1730:
1696:
1680:. Sherry's Life. Archived from
1669:
1643:
1617:
1591:
1528:
1489:
1459:
1433:
1407:
1358:
1332:
1307:
1282:
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1146:
1096:
1060:Randall White (December 2006).
1025:
999:
973:
948:
926:
900:
870:
816:
791:
739:Galla, Brittany (6 July 2013).
732:
692:
666:
640:
280:was passed in 2019 to prohibit
1848:
1703:Alison Dundes Renteln (2005).
1262:Lawson, Andrew (24 May 2012).
884:. 12 June 2011. Archived from
854:. Csdt.rpi.edu. Archived from
775:. 12 June 2011. Archived from
614:
582:Dash, Paul (31 January 2006).
553:Irbahim, Nur (12 March 2022).
459:
434:
415:
390:
241:
1:
1809:The dictionary definition of
1514:10.1080/17528631.2017.1363477
827:. Facts on File. p. 36.
621:Kia, Kara (5 February 2021).
383:
1294:Fordham University Libraries
1202:Shell, Ellen Ruppel (2003).
1153:Shaw Nevins, Andrea (2006).
823:Willie F. Page, ed. (2001).
215:due to the historic role of
7:
1650:Dsalita (8 November 2023).
980:Ali, Kiya (16 April 2019).
346:
205:
10:
3152:
1565:Sherrow, Victoria (2006).
1502:African and Black Diaspora
287:
73:
3018:
2987:
2936:
2830:
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2651:
2644:
2541:
1966:
1894:
1863:
1856:
1081:10.1007/s10816-006-9023-z
986:Ethiopian Business Review
600:10.1080/13603110500173183
530:Oxford English Dictionary
139:
78:
1371:. New York. p. 18.
1319:The J. Paul Getty Museum
1315:"The Herculaneum Women"
1134:"Woman from Willendorf"
803:www.readersdigest.co.uk
2048:Brush, butch, burr cut
648:"Cornrow Braid Styles"
446:Genesis Career College
353:African hair threading
255:
164:
149:
92:
24:
16:Style of hair braiding
3131:African-American hair
960:Roadshow Collectibles
249:
194:, especially in the "
158:
147:
86:
22:
2873:Hairstyling products
2448:Short back and sides
1801:at Wikimedia Commons
1706:The Cultural Defense
1365:León, Vicki (2013).
1242:www.newscientist.com
1012:blogs.brighton.ac.uk
339:Venus of Brassempouy
169:Venus of Brassempouy
3051:Eponymous hairstyle
2937:Haircare techniques
2928:Hair texture powder
2786:Frictional alopecia
1541:Anthropology Theses
1110:. 30 September 2021
173:Venus of Willendorf
89:Emperor Yohannes IV
23:Woman with cornrows
2988:Health and medical
1974:list of hairstyles
1631:. 20 November 2020
1346:. 16 December 2015
1139:2007-10-05 at the
1006:Aning, Laurencia.
627:POPSUGAR Beauty UK
358:List of hairstyles
256:
196:Oriental Aphrodite
187:or a fibrous cap.
165:
150:
93:
30:(sometimes called
25:
3086:
3085:
2959:Curly Girl Method
2831:Haircare products
2826:
2825:
2793:Pattern hair loss
2073:Butterfly haircut
1962:
1961:
1797:Media related to
1684:on 14 August 2016
1447:. 11 January 2013
1378:978-0-8027-1862-4
1275:978-0-19-969822-6
1166:978-0-7391-5457-1
508:978-0-241-98817-6
373:Waves (hairstyle)
325:Artistic braiding
217:sugar plantations
100:paintings in the
68:traction alopecia
3143:
3136:Braid hairstyles
2813:Trichotillomania
2649:
2648:
2645:Hair subtraction
2631:Designer stubble
2473:Standard haircut
2393:Professional cut
2123:Croydon facelift
2043:Broccoli haircut
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1676:Harris, Sherry.
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1549:10.57709/1059174
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1473:. Archived from
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1421:. 9 January 2013
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936:. 4 October 2022
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680:. 24 August 2007
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526:"cornrow (noun)"
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236:Latrell Sprewell
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2995:Greying of hair
2983:
2974:Shampoo and set
2932:
2822:
2754:
2640:
2545:
2537:
2453:Short brush cut
2418:Regular haircut
2068:Businessman cut
1971:
1958:
1890:
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1847:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1768:www.cbsnews.com
1762:
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1747:
1745:
1742:The Independent
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1477:on 12 June 2011
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1141:Wayback Machine
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301:Styled cornrows
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232:Rasheed Wallace
219:in the region.
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102:Tassili Plateau
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3078:Hair fetishism
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2798:Hypertrichosis
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2303:Liberty spikes
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2268:Japanese women
2265:
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2238:High and tight
2235:
2230:
2225:
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2188:Feathered hair
2185:
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2133:Curtained hair
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2118:Crochet braids
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1857:Classification
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1787:External links
1785:
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1755:
1744:. 17 June 2011
1729:
1715:
1695:
1668:
1656:Dsalita Boxing
1642:
1616:
1605:. 23 June 2021
1590:
1583:
1554:
1527:
1508:(3): 269–280.
1488:
1471:ccd.rpi.eduvvv
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1159:. Lanham, MD.
1145:
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1095:
1075:(4): 251–304.
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913:Shine My Crown
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834:978-0816044726
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114:Horn of Africa
112:people of the
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3126:2020s fashion
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3121:2010s fashion
3119:
3117:
3116:2000s fashion
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3111:1990s fashion
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3000:Hair follicle
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2979:Straightening
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2258:Induction cut
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3036:Bearded lady
2964:Hair cutting
2818:Pogonophobia
2808:Trichophilia
2528:Widow's peak
2298:Layered hair
2223:Frosted tips
2213:French twist
2208:French braid
2153:Digital perm
2107:
1811:
1772:. Retrieved
1767:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
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1705:
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1682:the original
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1628:
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1607:. Retrieved
1602:
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1475:the original
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1343:
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1108:France Today
1107:
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1039:, retrieved
1034:
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1011:
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985:
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912:
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777:the original
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677:
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630:. Retrieved
626:
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591:
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558:
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529:
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471:
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445:
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405:. Retrieved
401:
392:
368:French braid
275:
264:
257:
225:
221:
209:
189:
185:plaited hair
166:
151:
118:
94:
87:Portrait of
64:
59:Benkos Biohó
52:
48:plaited hair
44:Dutch braids
31:
27:
26:
3066:Hairdresser
3005:Hair growth
2944:Backcombing
2858:Conditioner
2781:universalis
2543:Facial hair
2493:Temple fade
2483:Surfer hair
2253:Hi-top fade
2233:Hair twists
2193:Finger wave
1895:by location
1425:13 February
1419:LiveScience
1350:27 February
1324:27 February
1299:27 February
1247:27 February
882:ccd.rpi.edu
808:27 February
773:ccd.rpi.edu
632:29 February
564:27 February
535:27 February
477:27 February
451:27 February
428:History.com
407:27 February
242:Controversy
133:Yohannes IV
129:Tewodros II
3095:Categories
3010:Trichology
2803:Management
2619:toothbrush
2582:Soul patch
2577:Shenandoah
2463:Spiky hair
2458:Short hair
2388:Punch perm
2323:Marcelling
2293:Laid edges
2283:Kinky hair
2278:Jheri curl
2178:Extensions
2158:Dreadlocks
2128:Curly hair
2083:Caesar cut
1988:Afro puffs
1969:hairstyles
1850:Human hair
472:Refinery29
384:References
378:Box braids
267:High Court
260:dreadlocks
40:box braids
3061:Good hair
2918:Volumizer
2759:disorders
2669:threading
2636:Sideburns
2609:horseshoe
2604:handlebar
2599:Fu Manchu
2594:Moustache
2572:Ned Kelly
2562:Chinstrap
2498:Titus cut
2488:Taper cut
2413:Razor cut
2378:Pompadour
2373:Pixie cut
2308:Long hair
2288:Kiss curl
2173:Eton crop
2168:Edgar cut
2148:Dido flip
2098:Comb over
1944:Abdominal
1722:10 August
1688:28 August
1522:1752-8631
1395:cite book
1387:879285569
1183:cite book
1175:856869915
1089:161276973
745:Us Weekly
658:11 August
608:1360-3116
398:"Cornrow"
278:CROWN Act
271:test case
213:Caribbean
98:Stone Age
55:Caribbean
2954:Crimping
2878:Hot comb
2766:Alopecia
2748:straight
2738:electric
2684:electric
2679:chemical
2674:plucking
2652:cosmetic
2587:Van Dyke
2513:Undercut
2478:Step cut
2433:Shape-up
2423:Ringlets
2383:Ponytail
2318:Lovelock
2243:Hime cut
2203:Fontange
2183:Fauxhawk
2163:Ducktail
2143:Devilock
2138:Czupryna
2113:Crew cut
2108:Cornrows
2093:Chonmage
2078:Buzz cut
2033:Bowl cut
2028:Bouffant
2013:Big hair
1934:Underarm
1881:Terminal
1812:cornrows
1799:Cornrows
1224:53434322
1137:Archived
720:cite web
684:30 April
678:BBC News
347:See also
313:Cornrows
206:Americas
192:coiffure
171:and the
125:Ethiopia
110:Cushitic
32:canerows
28:Cornrows
3043: (
3019:Related
2908:Shampoo
2903:Rollers
2898:Relaxer
2848:Clipper
2776:totalis
2701:Shaving
2659:Removal
2503:Tonsure
2443:Shimada
2408:Rattail
2368:Pigtail
2353:Pageboy
2328:Mod cut
2313:Lob cut
2198:Flattop
2088:Chignon
2063:Bunches
2055: (
2023:Bob cut
2018:Blowout
2008:Beehive
1929:Eyelash
1922:unibrow
1917:Eyebrow
1864:by type
1748:17 June
1661:1 March
1635:1 March
1609:1 March
1481:1 March
1445:Gizmodo
1017:1 March
991:1 March
965:1 March
940:1 March
918:1 March
892:1 March
862:20 June
783:1 March
750:1 March
710:1 March
288:Gallery
181:Austria
104:of the
74:History
3041:Barber
2893:Pomade
2888:Mousse
2771:areata
2743:safety
2664:waxing
2624:walrus
2614:pencil
2567:Goatee
2438:Shikha
2338:Mullet
2333:Mohawk
2273:Jewfro
2218:Fringe
2057:odango
1886:Vellus
1871:Lanugo
1774:13 May
1713:
1629:Allure
1603:Allure
1581:
1520:
1451:16 May
1385:
1375:
1272:
1222:
1212:
1173:
1163:
1114:16 May
1087:
1041:15 May
831:
606:
559:Snopes
505:
234:, and
177:France
140:Europe
106:Sahara
79:Africa
36:braids
3056:Frizz
2913:Spray
2863:Dryer
2838:Brush
2733:Razor
2721:brush
2716:cream
2689:laser
2557:Beard
2533:Wings
2523:Waves
2403:Quiff
2398:Queue
2363:Payot
2348:1980s
2343:1950s
2038:Braid
2003:Bangs
1967:Head
1949:Pubic
1939:Chest
1085:S2CID
1065:(PDF)
3071:list
3045:pole
2969:Perm
2883:Iron
2853:Comb
2843:Clay
2726:soap
2706:head
2548:list
2508:Updo
2428:Shag
2358:Part
2103:Conk
1998:Bald
1983:Afro
1912:Nose
1902:Body
1876:Body
1776:2021
1750:2011
1724:2011
1711:ISBN
1690:2016
1663:2024
1637:2024
1611:2024
1579:ISBN
1518:ISSN
1483:2024
1453:2022
1427:2019
1401:link
1383:OCLC
1373:ISBN
1352:2024
1326:2024
1301:2024
1270:ISBN
1249:2024
1220:OCLC
1210:ISBN
1189:link
1171:OCLC
1161:ISBN
1116:2022
1043:2024
1019:2024
993:2024
967:2024
942:2024
920:2024
894:2024
864:2015
829:ISBN
810:2024
785:2024
752:2024
726:link
712:2024
705:CNBC
686:2010
660:2018
634:2024
604:ISSN
566:2024
537:2024
503:ISBN
479:2024
453:2024
409:2024
337:The
252:Nuba
179:and
131:and
2923:Wax
2868:Gel
2711:leg
2694:IPL
2053:Bun
1954:Leg
1907:Ear
1545:doi
1510:doi
1077:doi
596:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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