353:
296:
947:
893:
766:
836:
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851:
795:
912:
781:
40:
815:
2015:
475:
866:
928:
2186:
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in 1820. The designer is unknown. About 500 of these were built in the first half of the 1900s. They were often built by local settlers using local materials, according to standard plans. The last agricultural colony was founded in 1948, and the last bridge was built by the
Ministry of Colonisation
383:
led to metal rather than timber trusses. Metal structures did not need protection from the elements, so they no longer needed to be covered. The bridges also became obsolete because most were single-lane, had low width and height clearances, and could not support the heavy loads of modern traffic.
137:
with a roof, decking, and siding, which in most covered bridges create an almost complete enclosure. The purpose of the covering is to protect the wooden structural members from the weather. Uncovered wooden bridges typically have a lifespan of only 20 years because of the effects of rain and sun,
414:
had an estimated 1,000 covered bridges. Relative to the rest of North
America, Quebec was late in building covered bridges, with the busiest decade for construction being the 1930s. Initially, the designs were varied, but around 1905, the design was standardised to the
490:
489:
495:
493:
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but a covered bridge can last over 100 years. In the United States, only about 1 in 10 survived the 20th century. The relatively small number of surviving bridges is due to deliberate replacement, neglect, and the high cost of restoration.
492:
1601:
835:
503:
Roofed, rather than covered bridges, have existed for centuries in southern Europe and Asia. In these cases, the cover is to protect the users of the bridge rather than the structure. Examples include:
153:
Typically, covered bridges are structures with longitudinal timber-trusses which form the bridge's backbone. Some were built as railway bridges, using very heavy timbers and doubled up lattice work.
1552:
850:
765:
794:
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lists 840 covered bridges in the U.S., although it states that only 670 of those were standing when the 1959 edition was published. The tallest (35 feet high), built in 1892, is the
287:
published the first correct analysis of the precise ways that a load is carried through the components of a truss, which enabled him to design stronger bridges with fewer materials.
141:
Surviving covered bridges often attract touristic attention due to their rarity, quaint appearance, and bucolic settings. Many are considered historic and have been the subject of
491:
364:, Pennsylvania, and spanned over a mile in length, but was destroyed by ice and flooding in 1832. The longest, historical covered bridges remaining in the United States are the
1605:
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238:
action in 1945. A debate on whether to fix or replace the bridge ended when the bridge partially collapsed in 1947, requiring new construction, which began in 1949.
451:
continued to build covered bridges into the 1950s, peaking at about 400 covered bridges. These mostly used the Howe, Town, and Burr trusses. Today, there are
1556:
946:
654:
In addition to being practical, covered bridges were popular venues for a variety of social activities and are an enduring cultural icon; for example:
892:
2078:
248:
1737:, an interactive map showing locations of covered bridges in the United States and Canada. However, the data is only current as of the archive date.
977:
352:
865:
2114:
372:, spanning the East Fork of the White River in Indiana. Both lay some claim to the superlative depending upon how the length is measured.
156:
In Canada and the U.S., numerous timber covered bridges were built in the late 1700s to the late 1800s, reminiscent of earlier designs in
1602:"Programmation routière 2018-2020 - Plus de 157 M$ pour améliorer la sécurité et la qualité de vie des usagers de la route en Outaouais"
1576:
2124:
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911:
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39:
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About 14,000 covered bridges have been built in the United States, mostly in the years 1825 to 1875. The first documented was the
295:
2109:
2099:
1762:
958:
317:. However, most other early examples of covered bridges do not appear until the 1820s. Extant bridges from that decade include
1389:"Ohio's Vanishing Covered Bridges - Back in Time - General Highway History - Highway History - Federal Highway Administration"
724:
features a character who uses a covered bridge called the "Shorter Way" as a portal to travel instantly across vast distances.
1510:
1304:
264:, patented in 1817, which used an arch to bear the load, while the trusses kept the bridge rigid. Other designs included the
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Early trusses were designed with only a rough understanding of the engineering dynamics at work. In 1847, American engineer
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1505:(2021 ed.). Concord, New Hampshire: National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges. pp. xii.
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Between 1969 and 2015, the number of surviving covered bridges in Canada declined from about 400 to under 200.
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17:
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676:
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257:. Virtually all contained a single lane. A few two-lane bridges were built, having a third, central truss.
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1965:
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668:, which has since been burnt by arson in 2002, replaced with a replica, and burnt by arson again in 2017.
555:
2073:
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45:
1328:. McLean, VA: U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. April 2005. p. 3
856:
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in
Pennsylvania is featured in the opening scenes of the 1980s anthology horror television series
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Some stone arch bridges are covered to protect pedestrians or as a decoration—as with the
Italian
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in
Switzerland, first built in the 1300s. Modern-style timber truss bridges were pioneered in
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2003:
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440:, the province's longest covered bridge. In Quebec covered bridges were sometimes known as
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Schuylkill
Permanent Bridge in Philadelphia, the first documented covered bridge in America
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between two buildings, designed to protect pedestrians from the weather. For example, the
433:
8:
1977:
1811:
1110:"Use of Laser Scanning Technology to Obtain As-Built Records of Historic Covered Bridges"
230:
River in Pavia, Italy. The previous bridge, dating from 1354 (itself a replacement for a
1938:
1921:
1901:
1891:
1886:
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1061:
517:
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As of 2004, there were about 750 left, mostly in eastern and northern states. The 2021
254:
1378:. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, Historic American Engineering Record, 2015.
123:
Determined by enclosed bridge structure, site conditions, and degree of prefabrication
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2014:
1960:
1846:
1821:
1801:
1796:
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690:
330:
164:. They tend to be in isolated places, making them vulnerable to vandalism and arson.
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2189:
1933:
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708:
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In Europe there are also bridges built not strictly for transport, for example the
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Many different truss designs were used. One of the most popular designs was the
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200:. It was first built before 1272, and has been destroyed and rebuilt many times.
173:
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1992:
1982:
1948:
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859:, built in 1862, is the longest single span wooden covered bridge in the world.
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Most bridges were built to cross streams, and the majority had just a single
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197:
844:, built in 1866, is one of the longest covered bridges in the United States.
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in the mid-1700s. Germany has 70 surviving historic wooden covered bridges.
1987:
1911:
1906:
619:
376:
326:
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134:
57:
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588:, allowing passengers to board and disembark without having to go outside.
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177:
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368:, spanning the Connecticut River between New Hampshire and Vermont, and
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1806:
1224:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. General Technical Report FPL-GTR-223.
987:
876:
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A covered bridge is the focus of two mystery stories in the collection
599:, and the Chùa Cầu (the Japanese Bridge; see Gallery below) in Vietnam.
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1604:(in Canadian French). Transports Québec. 5 March 2018. Archived from
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1953:
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section within which the traffic is carried. Examples include the
1997:
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The longest covered bridge ever built was constructed in 1814 in
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A covered bridge is also used as a portal between two worlds in
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937:
223:
189:
622:. These are pier and girder bridges, not truss bridges. The
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1115:. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Research Paper FPL-RP-669
346:
93:
1423:. National Society for the Preservation of Covered Bridges
499:
Drone video of the wooden roofed Järuska bridge in
Estonia
1582:(in Canadian French). Ministère des Transports du Québec
1265:
Germany's
Historic Wooden Covered Bridges Still Standing
1216:
1555:(in Canadian French). Transports Quebec. Archived from
1322:
Covered Bridge Manual (PUBLICATION NO. FHWA-HRT-04-098)
203:
Switzerland has many timber covered bridges, including
172:
The oldest surviving truss bridge in the world is the
1375:
Covered
Bridges and the Birth of American Engineering
1262:
1107:
462:Ontario has just one remaining covered bridge, the
1710:The Warren E. Roberts Museum of Early Indiana Life
1088:National Center for Wood Transportation Structures
2079:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
1577:"Les ponts couverts au Québec, héritage précieux"
249:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
96:beams with iron fittings and iron rods in tension
2202:
1340:
444:(red bridges) because of their typical colour.
1381:
1192:"Visit America's Most Idyllic Covered Bridges"
527:A tubular bridge is a bridge built as a rigid
432:. There are now 82 covered bridges in Quebec,
1756:
1630:. Government of New Brunswick. 7 October 2011
1233:
1231:
774:, showing the truss protected by the covering
1108:Ross, Robert J.; et al. (August 2012).
375:In the mid-19th century, the use of cheaper
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1642:
1313:
1166:"Historic Wooden Bridges/"Covered Bridges""
1056:
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808:is the longest covered bridge in the world.
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1749:
1574:
1471:
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1228:
524:are two of 45 inhabited bridges in Europe.
226:is a stone and brick arch bridge over the
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149:European and North American truss bridges
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473:
351:
294:
1648:
1501:Caswell, William S. (31 October 2021).
1500:
1475:
1464:
1217:Phares, Brent; et al. (May 2013).
1168:. HSNB.DE. 11 July 2011. Archived from
871:Poukkasilta, a covered bridge over the
14:
2203:
1712:. Indiana University Bloomington. 2007
1673:
1667:
1563:
1525:
1397:. USDOT Federal Highway Administration
1346:
356:Covered bridge in Macon, Georgia, 1877
234:construction), was heavily damaged by
1744:
1680:. Chandler, AZ: Coast Aire. pp.
1677:The Administration of Public Airports
1528:"Throwback Thursday: Covered bridges"
1444:
1440:
1438:
1394:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
1294:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
682:Plot points in the 1988 comedy films
550:consisting of an enclosed or covered
455:, including the world's longest, the
1478:Covered bridges across North America
1653:. London: Alan Sutton. p. 47.
1299:. Courier Corporation. p. 84.
1263:Philip S. C. Caston (6 June 2013).
1007:List of nonbuilding structure types
453:58 covered bridges in New Brunswick
27:Wooden bridge with protective cover
24:
2013:
1435:
1347:Griggs, Frank Jr. (October 2013).
1127:
1062:"Ohio's Vanishing Covered Bridges"
637:Bridge in the Czech Republic, the
349:respectively, both built in 1829.
25:
2227:
2047:medieval stone bridges in Germany
1728:
952:A covered bridge in North Vietnam
469:
2185:
2184:
1480:. St. Paul, Minn.: MBI Pub. Co.
1297:Covered Bridges of the Northeast
1219:"Covered Bridge Security Manual"
1146:. Federal Highway Administration
1084:"World Guide to Covered Bridges"
1064:. Federal Highway Administration
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309:, completed in 1805 to span the
290:
242:
76:Pedestrians, livestock, vehicles
38:
1698:
1620:
1594:
1545:
1519:
1494:
1447:"Bridging the Past and Present"
1445:Brady, Matthew (17 July 2023).
1409:
1366:
1295:Allen, Richard Sanders (2004).
1288:
1274:
1256:
1239:"Bridge - Timber truss bridges"
610:) covered bridges are found in
1503:World Guide to Covered Bridges
1372:Christianson, Justine, et al.
1210:
1184:
1158:
1101:
1076:
1024:
1012:List of bridges with buildings
842:Cornish–Windsor Covered Bridge
787:West Dummerston Covered Bridge
389:World Guide to Covered Bridges
333:, both built in 1825, and the
13:
1:
2004:Visual index to various types
1017:
772:Baumgardener's Covered Bridge
677:Never Bet the Devil Your Head
661:The Bridges of Madison County
649:
438:FĂ©lix-Gabriel-Marchand Bridge
335:Haverhill–Bath Covered Bridge
1827:Cantilever spar cable-stayed
1651:Civil Engineering, 1839–1889
1526:Walker, Nick (28 May 2015).
1421:www.coveredbridgesociety.org
800:The 1,282-foot (391 m)
464:West Montrose Covered Bridge
7:
1674:Gesell, Laurence E (1992).
1476:Conwill, Joseph D. (2004).
1451:American Lifestyle Magazine
995:
558:in Cambridge, and Oxford's
10:
2232:
2216:Bridges by structural type
757:
752:
246:
46:Cogan House Covered Bridge
2180:
2164:
2143:
2087:
2024:
2011:
1779:
1575:Lefrançois, Jean (2004).
884:
857:Bridgeport Covered Bridge
564:Logic Lane covered bridge
402:
167:
116:
108:
100:
88:
80:
72:
64:
53:
37:
2115:Continuous truss bridges
2088:Lists of bridges by size
2025:Lists of bridges by type
186:Holzbrücke Bad Säckingen
1417:"Covered Bridge Trivia"
1243:Encyclopedia Britannica
1144:"Covered Bridge Manual"
1036:Encyclopædia Britannica
1002:Architectural structure
734:In the Mouth of Madness
704:Tales from the Darkside
2074:List of bridge–tunnels
2018:
1842:Double-beam drawbridge
1649:Chrimes, Mike (1991).
1349:"The Permanent Bridge"
1282:"Swiss Timber Bridges"
577:which extends from an
539:in the United Kingdom.
500:
483:
397:Santa Cruz, California
366:Cornish–Windsor Bridge
357:
339:Roberts Covered Bridge
300:
2067:vertical-lift bridges
2017:
699:Diehls Covered Bridge
641:in Bulgaria, and the
639:Lovech Covered Bridge
498:
477:
393:Felton Covered Bridge
355:
298:
143:historic preservation
2125:Masonry arch bridges
2105:Cable-stayed bridges
1608:on 19 September 2020
1559:on 24 February 2012.
1196:Architectural Digest
917:A covered bridge in
666:Cedar Covered Bridge
635:ÄŚeskĂ˝ Krumlov Castle
537:Conwy Railway Bridge
2052:multi-level bridges
1532:Canadian Geographic
626:bridge is found in
546:is a type of urban
430:Lebel-sur-Quévillon
419:, a variant on the
34:
2110:Cantilever bridges
2100:Suspension bridges
2042:cantilever bridges
2019:
1939:Navigable aqueduct
1735:Covered Bridge Map
1353:Structure Magazine
742:All But Impossible
518:Pont des Marchands
516:, France, and the
501:
484:
423:truss patented by
358:
301:
198:Stein, Switzerland
32:
2198:
2197:
2156:Bridge to nowhere
2057:road–rail bridges
1774:-related articles
1706:"Covered Bridges"
1628:"Covered Bridges"
1512:978-0-578-30263-8
1306:978-0-486-43662-3
965:Thanh ToĂ n Bridge
496:
478:Pont de Rohan in
434:Transports Québec
331:Hassenplug Bridge
127:
126:
16:(Redirected from
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2144:Additional lists
1780:Structural types
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1032:"Covered bridge"
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899:Chengyang Bridge
895:
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817:
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783:
768:
709:George A. Romero
658:The 1992 novel,
616:Chengyang Bridge
614:, including the
579:airport terminal
573:is an enclosed,
533:Britannia Bridge
497:
395:, just north of
362:Lancaster County
323:Hyde Hall Bridge
311:Schuylkill River
306:Permanent Bridge
188:spans the river
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35:
31:
21:
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2211:Covered bridges
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2151:Bridge failures
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2037:bascule bridges
2032:List of bridges
2020:
2009:
1897:Rolling bascule
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1198:. December 2016
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1172:on 4 March 2016
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984:Japanese Bridge
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873:Loimijoki River
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823:Ducharme Bridge
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802:Hartland Bridge
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775:
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755:
731:'s horror film
673:Edgar Allan Poe
664:, featured the
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575:moveable bridge
560:Bridge of Sighs
556:Bridge of Sighs
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457:Hartland Bridge
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2172:Bridges in art
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278:Howe trusses
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174:KapellbrĂĽcke
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135:truss bridge
133:is a timber-
130:
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58:Truss bridge
29:
1922:Transporter
1902:Submersible
1887:Retractable
1427:27 February
1332:27 February
685:Beetlejuice
442:pont rouges
428:in 1958 in
425:Ithiel Town
178:Switzerland
162:Switzerland
145:campaigns.
2205:Categories
1961:Suspension
1877:Drawbridge
1847:Extradosed
1822:Cantilever
1807:Burr Truss
1797:Box girder
1202:15 October
1176:15 October
1018:References
990:, Vietnam
691:Funny Farm
650:In fiction
571:jet bridge
552:footbridge
529:box girder
514:Landerneau
480:Landerneau
262:Burr Truss
92:Typically
81:Span range
65:Descendant
2095:By length
1934:Multi-way
1716:8 January
1612:8 January
1586:8 January
1537:8 January
1456:20 August
1358:9 January
1270:(Report).
1248:9 January
1150:9 October
1119:9 January
1093:8 January
1068:8 January
1041:8 October
971:, Vietnam
645:in Italy.
602:In China
410:In 1900,
381:cast iron
118:Falsework
2190:Category
1954:Vlotbrug
1867:Moveable
996:See also
716:Joe Hill
624:Chùa Cầu
618:and the
604:lángqiáo
586:airplane
535:and the
522:Narbonne
482:, France
337:and the
319:New York
213:NeubrĂĽgg
120:required
89:Material
60:, others
54:Ancestor
2165:Related
2135:Tallest
2130:Highest
1998:Viaduct
1993:Tubular
1983:Trestle
1949:Pontoon
1892:Rolling
1882:Folding
1872:Bascule
1832:Covered
1682:114–115
1634:11 July
1401:4 March
940:, Italy
921:, China
905:, China
903:Guangxi
758:Covered
753:Gallery
737:(1994).
675:story "
628:Vietnam
612:Guangxi
421:lattice
274:Lattice
158:Germany
101:Movable
73:Carries
1973:Timber
1817:Canopy
1772:Bridge
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1657:
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1484:
1303:
988:Há»™i An
885:Roofed
827:Quebec
721:NOS4A2
718:novel
584:to an
548:pedway
544:skyway
412:Quebec
403:Canada
276:, and
236:Allied
228:Ticino
211:, and
168:Europe
1988:Truss
1966:types
1912:Table
1907:Swing
1580:(PDF)
1326:(PDF)
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938:Pavia
345:and
341:, in
270:Queen
232:Roman
224:Pavia
192:from
190:Rhine
84:Short
1944:Pile
1917:Tilt
1862:Moon
1837:Crib
1792:Beam
1787:Arch
1718:2019
1686:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1636:2019
1614:2019
1588:2019
1539:2019
1507:ISBN
1482:ISBN
1458:2023
1429:2020
1403:2021
1360:2019
1334:2020
1301:ISBN
1250:2019
1204:2018
1178:2018
1152:2012
1121:2019
1095:2019
1070:2019
1043:2012
821:The
714:The
697:The
688:and
671:The
595:and
582:gate
562:and
508:The
379:and
347:Ohio
325:and
321:'s
266:King
255:span
218:The
184:The
160:and
94:wood
68:None
44:The
1857:Log
1852:Jet
986:in
969:Huáşż
936:in
901:in
875:in
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804:in
744:by
520:in
512:in
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329:'s
313:in
222:in
112:Low
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967:,
608:廊桥
569:A
542:A
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129:A
104:No
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