532:
521:
133:
308:
25:
391:
or ejectisomes, which consist of two connected spiral ribbons held under tension. If the cells are irritated either by mechanical, chemical or light stress, they discharge, propelling the cell in a zig-zag course away from the disturbance. Large ejectosomes, visible under the light microscope, are
488:
The group have evolved a whole range of light-absorbing pigments, called phycobilins, which are able to absorb wavelengths that are not accessible to other plants or algae, allowing them to live in a variety of different ecological niches. An ability that originates from the evolution of a unique
587:. However, the case that the organisms themselves are closely related is not very strong, and they may have acquired plastids independently. Currently they are discussed to be members of the clade
1371:
1630:
Michie, Katharine A.; Harrop, Stephen J.; Rathbone, Harry W.; Wilk, Krystyna E.; Teng, Chang Ying; Hoef-Emden, Kerstin; Hiller, Roger G.; Green, Beverley R.; Curmi, Paul M. G. (March 2023).
1828:
Burki, Fabien; Kaplan, Maia; Tikhonenkov, Denis V.; Zlatogursky, Vasily; Minh, Bui Quang; Radaykina, Liudmila V.; Smirnov, Alexey; Mylnikov, Alexander P.; Keeling, Patrick J. (2016-01-27).
444:. In the case of "Rhodomonas" the crystal structure has been determined to 1.63Å; and it has been shown that the alpha subunit bears no relation to any other known phycobiliprotein.
1562:"Evolution of a light-harvesting protein by addition of new subunits and rearrangement of conserved elements: Crystal structure of a cryptophyte phycoerythrin at 1.63Å resolution"
512:
is the haploid form. The diploid form is most common when there are more nutrients in the water. Two haploid cells will often fuse to form a diploid cell, mixing their genes.
461:–resting stages with rigid cell walls to survive unfavorable conditions. Cryptophyte flagella are inserted parallel to one another, and are covered by bipartite hairs called
440:. However, the plastids are very different from red algal plastids: phycobiliproteins are present but only in the thylakoid lumen and are present only as phycoerythrin or
1911:
gen. et sp. nov. (Baffinellaceae fam. nov., Cryptophyceae) from Baffin Bay: Morphology, pigment profile, phylogeny, and growth rate response to three abiotic factors"
1474:
1183:
1612:
1172:
4057:
3936:
1282:
1052:
1679:
Altenburger, A.; Blossom, H. E.; Garcia-Cuetos, L.; Jakobsen, H. H.; Carstensen, J.; Lundholm, N.; Hansen, P. J.; Moestrup, ø.; Haraguchi, L. (2020).
1375:
3199:
4576:
4079:
3911:
3204:
1040:
766:
1906:
5394:
5224:
3872:
1117:
743:
1830:"Untangling the early diversification of eukaryotes: a phylogenomic study of the evolutionary origins of Centrohelida, Haptophyta and Cryptista"
1421:
Morrall, S.; Greenwood, A. D. (1980). "A comparison of the periodic sub-structures of the trichocysts of the
Cryptophyceae and Prasinophyceae".
4144:
4138:
4132:
3987:
3981:
3959:
3905:
3819:
3062:
1139:
1128:
1084:
1029:
875:
864:
798:
496:
While cryptophytes are usually seen as asexual, sexual reproductions do occur; both haploid and diploid forms have been found. The two species
5237:
4027:
3943:
1227:
1062:
5494:
4086:
4051:
4045:
4039:
3597:
1271:
1260:
1249:
776:
4033:
1238:
692:
288:
in size and flattened in shape, with an anterior groove or pocket. At the edge of the pocket there are typically two slightly unequal
284:. About 230 species are known, and they are common in freshwater, and also occur in marine and brackish habitats. Each cell is around
4126:
853:
703:
5368:
5198:
3965:
1095:
424:
and other pigments, and vary in color (brown, red to blueish-green). Each is surrounded by four membranes, and there is a reduced
5407:
4282:
1742:
Phycological
Reports: Current Advances in Algal Taxonomy and Its Applications: Phylogenetic, Ecological and Applied Perspective
89:
5412:
61:
3300:
2010:
1681:"Dimorphism in cryptophytes—The case of Teleaulax amphioxeia / Plagioselmis prolonga and its ecological implications"
1405:
453:, can form palmelloid stages, but readily escape the surrounding mucus to become free-living flagellates again. Some
108:
68:
5456:
5286:
5116:
3341:
2044:
5242:
3336:
2039:
1632:"Molecular structures reveal the origin of spectral variation in cryptophyte light harvesting antenna proteins"
75:
46:
42:
3420:
3410:
3393:
2123:
2113:
2096:
549:
525:
57:
4275:
469:
and transported to the cell surface. Small scales may also be present on the flagella and cell body. The
5489:
1957:
567:
order
Cryptomonadina. In some classifications, the cryptomonads were considered close relatives of the
5422:
5252:
5121:
4419:
344:
5461:
5291:
575:. There is considerable evidence that cryptophyte chloroplasts are closely related to those of the
5177:
5347:
5333:
4504:
3425:
3293:
2128:
2003:
543:
35:
5094:
5056:
4268:
1465:
531:
5484:
5163:
5108:
4732:
4382:
3388:
2091:
1762:
466:
376:
372:
5435:
5265:
5399:
4397:
1782:
1771:"Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks"
1692:
1524:
1430:
674:
82:
5229:
520:
8:
2906:
2690:
668:
560:
group, class
Cryptophyceae or division Cryptophyta, while zoologists treated them as the
482:
4260:
1786:
1696:
1528:
1434:
4727:
4409:
3920:
3705:
3405:
3383:
3371:
3346:
3286:
2916:
2108:
2086:
2074:
2049:
1996:
1949:
1862:
1829:
1805:
1770:
1713:
1680:
1656:
1631:
1487:
1337:
1312:
240:
147:
5430:
5260:
5103:
4519:
3974:
3415:
3378:
3366:
3356:
3250:
3176:
3157:
2867:
2450:
2118:
2081:
2069:
2059:
1941:
1933:
1867:
1849:
1810:
1737:
1718:
1661:
1593:
1588:
1561:
1542:
1491:
1446:
1442:
1401:
1342:
1107:
324:
3278:
1953:
4795:
4674:
4566:
4509:
4449:
4444:
4372:
4357:
4193:
3996:
3898:
3859:
3659:
3468:
3330:
3222:
3168:
2922:
2368:
2033:
1925:
1857:
1841:
1800:
1790:
1708:
1700:
1651:
1643:
1583:
1573:
1532:
1515:
1483:
1438:
1332:
1324:
1151:
1019:
953:
722:
536:
421:
2854:
1359:
5148:
5079:
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4873:
4835:
4790:
4722:
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4439:
4424:
4317:
4095:
4070:
3885:
3850:
3837:
3722:
3695:
3651:
3095:
2270:
1010:
788:
757:
713:
368:
231:
226:
221:
599:. Parfrey et al. and Burki et al. placed Cryptophyceae as a sister clade to the
489:
light‐harvesting antenna complex derived from two relict parts of the red algal
5028:
4973:
4963:
4805:
4619:
4571:
4484:
4459:
4454:
4434:
4429:
4332:
4322:
4153:
3866:
3763:
3714:
3710:
3495:
3361:
3191:
3181:
3145:
3120:
2809:
2600:
2501:
2423:
2232:
2064:
1775:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
887:
732:
588:
568:
458:
153:
5478:
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4737:
4699:
4624:
4560:
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4403:
4392:
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4120:
4015:
3927:
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3018:
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2709:
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1937:
1853:
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618:
490:
470:
360:
132:
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5278:
1795:
1613:"This Type of Algae Absorbs More Light for Photosynthesis Than Other Plants"
1578:
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1988:
1945:
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1814:
1722:
1704:
1665:
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1346:
930:
842:
658:
462:
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between the middle two. This indicates that the plastid was derived from a
425:
340:
336:
1495:
1450:
307:
5381:
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5211:
5157:
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5003:
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963:
608:
600:
572:
449:
441:
429:
410:
328:
281:
194:
571:
because of their (seemingly) similar pigmentation, being grouped as the
5036:
4998:
4928:
4908:
4903:
4888:
4858:
4830:
4785:
4775:
4747:
4742:
4684:
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4003:
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3047:
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1161:
1074:
996:
985:
974:
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831:
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809:
654:
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561:
406:
401:
388:
356:
296:
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1983:
1929:
1885:
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5342:
5185:
5172:
4953:
4933:
4825:
4704:
4639:
4629:
4614:
4609:
4590:
4342:
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3317:
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3131:
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2780:
2745:
2703:
2680:
2662:
2549:
2485:
2360:
2237:
2180:
2167:
2019:
1647:
1537:
1510:
941:
662:
584:
553:
433:
393:
384:
320:
289:
182:
170:
157:
5050:
493:, which was completely dismantled during the endosymbiotic process.
24:
5443:
5373:
5360:
5312:
5273:
5190:
5142:
5073:
5008:
4988:
4983:
4958:
4938:
4913:
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4863:
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4669:
4649:
4309:
3793:
3642:
3633:
3590:
3400:
3313:
3138:
3100:
3001:
2978:
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2520:
2512:
2442:
2317:
2192:
2175:
2153:
2103:
596:
564:
437:
364:
348:
5203:
5013:
4993:
4689:
4664:
4654:
4644:
4600:
4537:
4166:
3726:
3254:
2989:
2826:
2672:
2579:
2568:
2432:
2338:
2294:
2202:
1905:
Daugbjerg, Niels; Norlin, Andreas; Lovejoy, Connie (2018-07-25).
1827:
648:
478:
383:
Cryptophytes are distinguished by the presence of characteristic
316:
312:
285:
1400:(2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings (Pearson).
1364:
4853:
4845:
4714:
2847:
2644:
2374:
2276:
2218:
1738:"Cryptomonad taxonomy in the 21st century: The first 200 years"
1313:"Lateral transfer of introns in the cryptophyte plastid genome"
548:
The first mention of cryptophytes appears to have been made by
474:
332:
1472:- Visualization by freeze-fracture and isolation techniques".
392:
associated with the pocket; smaller ones occur underneath the
4762:
4634:
3214:
557:
352:
277:
4800:
4292:
2471:
919:
409:, cryptophytes have one or two chloroplasts. These contain
4290:
1629:
1511:"The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus"
1904:
3308:
1761:
1396:
Graham, L. E.; Graham, J. M.; Wilcox, L. W. (2009).
1310:
583:, and the three groups are sometimes united as the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1395:
935:Butcher 1967 ex Novarino, Lucas & Morrall 1994
436:symbiont, shown by genetic studies to have been a
504:are now considered to be the same species, where
5476:
4577:Archaeal Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms
1420:
3858:
3167:
1878:
1414:
3650:
556:. Later, botanists treated them as a separate
4276:
3294:
2004:
1463:
396:, the cryptophyte-specific cell surrounding.
2018:
1457:
3535:
2883:
1468:(1984). "The ejectisomes of the flagellate
1304:
4283:
4269:
3301:
3287:
2011:
1997:
1502:
606:One suggested grouping is as follows: (1)
131:
3575:
2261:
1861:
1804:
1794:
1712:
1655:
1587:
1577:
1536:
1336:
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2166:
1765:; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.;
1735:
530:
519:
306:
4308:
3641:
2151:
1610:
1553:
1508:
5477:
4536:
3269:denotes groups with over 1,000 species
5055:
5054:
4264:
3282:
1992:
1389:
5423:2eb44565-762f-43ea-93c7-12c63a34cc5a
5253:9f3e56b7-372f-4164-a07b-4b791167584d
1611:Callier, Viviane (23 October 2019).
1559:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
5495:Taxa named by Thomas Cavalier-Smith
1133:Scherffel 1912 non Namyslowski 1913
13:
1488:10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb02957.x
302:
14:
5506:
1977:
1509:Douglas, S.; et al. (2002).
1360:Cryptophyceae - :: Algaebase
1311:Khan H, Archibald JM (May 2008).
515:
377:chloroplast-endoplasmic reticulum
1372:"Cryptophyta - the cryptomonads"
23:
16:Class of single-celled organisms
1898:
1821:
1755:
1729:
1672:
1623:
457:species may also form immotile
34:needs additional citations for
2748:
2744:
2504:
2500:
1604:
1560:Wilk, K.; et al. (1999).
1353:
591:and to form together with the
1:
1298:
1287:Skvortzov 1969 ex Bicudo 1989
550:Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
1443:10.1016/0303-2647(80)90039-8
891:Clay, Cugrens & Lee 1999
792:Clay, Cugrens & Lee 1999
447:A few cryptophytes, such as
7:
781:Norlin & Daugbjerg 2018
770:Daugbjerg & Norlin 2018
263:Pascher ex Schoenichem 1925
10:
5511:
1984:Tree of Life: Cryptomonads
541:
5302:
5132:
5063:
5026:
4844:
4761:
4713:
4598:
4589:
4532:
4304:
4300:
4295:phyla/divisions by domain
4192:
4152:
4094:
4078:
4069:
3995:
3973:
3951:
3935:
3919:
3897:
3884:
3849:
3836:
3818:
3809:
3778:
3755:
3746:
3737:
3694:
3685:
3632:
3621:
3566:
3526:
3517:
3486:
3459:
3450:
3440:
3324:
3245:
3213:
3190:
3117:
3086:
3046:
3017:
2997:
2988:
2976:
2972:
2817:
2808:
2779:
2764:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2671:
2643:
2628:
2619:
2578:
2557:
2548:
2511:
2498:
2494:
2481:
2468:
2464:
2441:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2359:
2346:
2337:
2304:
2291:
2257:
2246:
2228:
2215:
2162:
2147:
2143:
2027:
979:Hill & Wetherbee 1988
968:Hill & Wetherbee 1986
957:Novarino & Lucas 1993
913:Hill & Wetherbee 1990
761:Novarino & Lucas 1993
544:Wikispecies:Cryptophyceae
246:
239:
218:
213:
148:Scientific classification
146:
139:
130:
125:
3841:(sensu Shalchian-Tabrizi
2474:
2470:
552:in 1831, while studying
508:is the diploid form and
485:has also been reported.
4505:Thermodesulfobacteriota
1796:10.1073/pnas.1110633108
1579:10.1073/pnas.96.16.8901
1475:Journal of Protozoology
1111:Bourrelly ex Silva 1980
1846:10.1098/rspb.2015.2802
1763:Parfrey, Laura Wegener
1705:10.1126/sciadv.abb1611
539:
528:
380:
351:, 11-invagination, 12-
4733:Neocallimastigomycota
1736:Novarino, G. (2012).
1470:Chilomonas paramecium
726:Bourelly ex Silva1980
542:Further information:
534:
523:
502:Plagioselmis prolonga
467:endoplasmic reticulum
373:endoplasmic reticulum
310:
280:, most of which have
4398:Coprothermobacterota
1617:Smithsonian Magazine
683:Class Cryptophyceae
675:Falcomonas daucoides
498:Teleaulax amphioxeia
465:, formed within the
261:Cryptomonadophyceae
43:improve this article
3146:Gunflint microbiota
2907:Klebsormidiophyceae
2691:Hyphochytriomycetes
1909:Baffinella frigidus
1787:2011PNAS..10813624P
1781:(33): 13624–13629.
1769:(August 16, 2011).
1697:2020SciA....6.1611A
1529:2001Natur.410.1091D
1523:(6832): 1091–1096.
1435:1980BiSys..12...71M
669:Proteomonas sulcata
535:Cryptophytes under
524:Cryptophytes under
483:sexual reproduction
313:contractile vacuole
4728:Blastocladiomycota
3921:Cryptochrysidaceae
3706:Katablepharidaceae
2917:Coleochaetophyceae
2297:
2293:
2221:
2217:
1840:(1823): 20152802.
1329:10.1093/nar/gkn095
1173:Protocryptochrysis
708:Laza-Martinez 2012
540:
529:
381:
5490:Cryptista classes
5472:
5471:
5431:Open Tree of Life
5261:Open Tree of Life
5104:Open Tree of Life
5057:Taxon identifiers
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5022:
5021:
4585:
4584:
4528:
4527:
4520:Verrucomicrobiota
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4065:
4064:
3975:Pleuromastigaceae
3880:
3879:
3805:
3804:
3701:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3617:
3616:
3613:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3562:
3561:
3513:
3512:
3276:
3275:
3241:
3240:
3177:Spironematellidae
3158:Meteora sporadica
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3042:
3041:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2940:
2939:
2868:Prasinodermophyta
2804:
2803:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2615:
2614:
2451:Centroplasthelida
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2287:
2286:
2211:
2210:
1930:10.1111/jpy.12766
1572:(16): 8901–8906.
1317:Nucleic Acids Res
1288:
1277:
1266:
1255:
1244:
1233:
1222:
1211:
1200:
1189:
1178:
1167:
1156:
1145:
1134:
1123:
1112:
1108:Pleuromastigaceae
1101:
1090:
1079:
1068:
1067:de Fromentel 1874
1057:
1046:
1035:
1024:
1015:
1002:
991:
980:
969:
958:
947:
936:
925:
914:
903:
892:
881:
870:
859:
848:
837:
826:
815:
804:
793:
782:
771:
762:
749:
738:
727:
718:
709:
698:
687:
422:phycobiliproteins
270:
269:
264:
258:
252:
141:Rhodomonas salina
119:
118:
111:
93:
5502:
5465:
5464:
5452:
5451:
5439:
5438:
5426:
5425:
5416:
5415:
5403:
5402:
5390:
5389:
5377:
5376:
5364:
5363:
5351:
5350:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5295:
5294:
5282:
5281:
5269:
5268:
5256:
5255:
5246:
5245:
5233:
5232:
5220:
5219:
5207:
5206:
5194:
5193:
5181:
5180:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5153:
5152:
5151:
5125:
5124:
5112:
5111:
5099:
5098:
5097:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5052:
5051:
4796:Anthocerotophyta
4675:Hemimastigophora
4596:
4595:
4567:Nitrososphaerota
4534:
4533:
4510:Thermomicrobiota
4450:Kiritimatiellota
4445:Ignavibacteriota
4410:Deferribacterota
4373:Campylobacterota
4358:Bdellovibrionota
4306:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4262:
4261:
4229:
4194:Pyrenomonadaceae
4076:
4075:
4058:Protocryptomonas
3997:Cryptomonadaceae
3937:Cyathomonadaceae
3899:Butschliellaceae
3895:
3894:
3860:Tetragonidiaceae
3856:
3855:
3847:
3846:
3816:
3815:
3753:
3752:
3744:
3743:
3700:
3692:
3691:
3660:Palpitomonadidae
3648:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3630:
3629:
3573:
3572:
3533:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3469:Microheliellidae
3457:
3456:
3448:
3447:
3353:
3333:
3303:
3296:
3289:
3280:
3279:
3223:Collodictyonidae
3169:Hemimastigophora
3165:
3164:
3124:
2995:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2982:
2974:
2973:
2923:Zygnematophyceae
2881:
2880:
2861:
2845:
2844:
2815:
2814:
2762:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2740:
2739:
2626:
2625:
2555:
2554:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2496:
2495:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2439:
2438:
2426:
2419:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2369:Choanoflagellata
2344:
2343:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2259:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2056:
2036:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1990:
1989:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1956:. Archived from
1915:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1892:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1865:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1808:
1798:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1685:Science Advances
1676:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1648:10.1002/pro.4586
1627:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1540:
1538:10.1038/35074092
1506:
1500:
1499:
1466:Staehelin, L. A.
1461:
1455:
1454:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1374:. Archived from
1368:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1350:
1340:
1308:
1286:
1283:Protocryptomonas
1275:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1231:
1220:
1209:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1165:
1154:
1152:Cryptomonadaceae
1144:Schewiakoff 1892
1143:
1132:
1121:
1110:
1099:
1088:
1077:
1066:
1055:
1053:Cyathomonadaceae
1044:
1033:
1022:
1020:Butschliellaceae
1013:
1000:
989:
978:
967:
956:
954:Pyrenomonadaceae
945:
934:
923:
912:
901:
890:
879:
869:Christensen 1978
868:
857:
846:
835:
824:
813:
802:
791:
780:
769:
760:
747:
736:
725:
723:Tetragonidiaceae
717:Kristiansen 1992
716:
707:
696:
685:
537:light microscope
420:, together with
262:
256:
255:Cryptomonadinae
250:
161:
135:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
5510:
5509:
5505:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5468:
5460:
5455:
5447:
5442:
5434:
5429:
5421:
5419:
5411:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5385:
5380:
5372:
5367:
5359:
5354:
5346:
5341:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5298:
5290:
5285:
5277:
5272:
5264:
5259:
5251:
5249:
5241:
5236:
5228:
5223:
5215:
5210:
5202:
5197:
5189:
5184:
5176:
5171:
5162:
5161:
5156:
5147:
5146:
5141:
5128:
5120:
5115:
5107:
5102:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5059:
5049:
5040:
5018:
4969:Gnathostomulida
4874:Xenacoelomorpha
4840:
4836:Flowering plant
4791:Marchantiophyta
4757:
4723:Chytridiomycota
4709:
4581:
4524:
4480:Planctomycetota
4440:Gemmatimonadota
4425:Elusimicrobiota
4318:Acidobacteriota
4296:
4289:
4259:
4230:
4199:
4188:
4148:
4096:Chroomonadaceae
4090:
4071:Pyrenomonadales
4061:
3991:
3969:
3947:
3931:
3915:
3890:
3889:(sensu Novarino
3888:
3886:Cryptomonadales
3876:
3851:Tetragonidiales
3842:
3840:
3838:Cryptomonadales
3832:
3801:
3774:
3733:
3723:Platychilomonas
3696:Katablepharidea
3673:
3652:Palpitomonadida
3626:(sensu stricto)
3625:
3605:
3558:
3509:
3482:
3436:
3435:
3351:
3329:
3320:
3307:
3277:
3272:
3237:
3209:
3200:Ancyromonadidae
3186:
3163:
3118:
3105:
3096:Malawimonadidae
3082:
3038:
3013:
2977:
2936:
2879:
2852:
2851:
2843:
2800:
2775:
2743:
2714:
2667:
2639:
2611:
2574:
2544:
2499:
2490:
2469:
2460:
2437:
2422:
2381:
2355:
2333:
2292:
2283:
2247:
2242:
2216:
2207:
2152:
2139:
2138:
2054:
2032:
2023:
2017:
1980:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1913:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1834:Proc. R. Soc. B
1826:
1822:
1760:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1734:
1730:
1677:
1673:
1636:Protein Science
1628:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1558:
1554:
1507:
1503:
1462:
1458:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1122:Scherfffel 1911
1056:Pringsheim 1944
1011:Cryptomonadales
789:Chroomonadaceae
758:Pyrenomonadales
714:Tetragonidiales
697:Lemmermann 1899
569:dinoflagellates
546:
518:
459:microbial cysts
369:Golgi apparatus
311:Cell scheme: 1-
305:
303:Characteristics
276:are a class of
232:Cryptomonadales
227:Pyrenomonadales
222:Tetragonidiales
209:
197:
185:
173:
151:
150:
115:
104:
98:
95:
58:"Cryptophyceae"
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5508:
5498:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5453:
5440:
5427:
5417:
5404:
5391:
5378:
5365:
5352:
5339:
5324:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5283:
5270:
5257:
5247:
5234:
5221:
5208:
5195:
5182:
5169:
5154:
5138:
5136:
5130:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5113:
5100:
5085:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5041:
5034:
5032:
5029:Incertae sedis
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4974:Micrognathozoa
4971:
4966:
4964:Acanthocephala
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4850:
4848:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4806:Lycopodiophyta
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4767:
4765:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4620:Ancyromonadida
4617:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4593:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4572:Thermoproteota
4569:
4564:
4557:
4550:
4542:
4540:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4485:Pseudomonadota
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4460:Mycoplasmatota
4457:
4455:Lentisphaerota
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4435:Fusobacteriota
4432:
4430:Fibrobacterota
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4333:Armatimonadota
4330:
4325:
4323:Actinomycetota
4320:
4314:
4312:
4298:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4280:
4273:
4265:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
4198:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4158:
4156:
4154:Geminigeraceae
4150:
4149:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4082:
4080:Baffinellaceae
4073:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4001:
3999:
3993:
3992:
3979:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3939:
3933:
3932:
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3912:Skvortzoviella
3903:
3901:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3867:Bjornbergiella
3864:
3862:
3853:
3844:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3784:
3782:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3764:Goniomonadidae
3761:
3759:
3750:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3715:Kathablepharis
3702:
3698:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3656:
3654:
3645:
3636:
3627:
3619:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3594:
3581:
3579:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3541:
3539:
3530:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3496:Heliomorphidae
3492:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3465:
3463:
3454:
3445:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3426:Mesomycetozoea
3423:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3362:Diaphoretickes
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3264:
3257:
3253:excluded from
3246:
3243:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3205:Planomonadidae
3202:
3196:
3194:
3192:Ancyromonadida
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3182:Paramastigidae
3179:
3173:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3134:
3127:
3125:
3121:Incertae sedis
3115:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3023:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2983:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2926:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2887:
2878:
2877:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2818:
2812:
2810:Archaeplastida
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2785:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2765:
2759:
2750:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2638:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2601:Dinoflagellata
2597:
2595:Chrompodellida
2592:
2584:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2517:
2515:
2506:
2492:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2476:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2447:
2445:
2436:
2435:
2429:
2427:
2424:Diaphoretickes
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2379:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2305:
2299:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2252:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2240:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2157:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2129:Mesomycetozoea
2126:
2121:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2065:Diaphoretickes
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:classification
2016:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1978:External links
1976:
1974:
1973:
1924:(5): 665–680.
1897:
1886:"Cryptomonads"
1877:
1820:
1767:Katz, Laura A.
1754:
1728:
1671:
1622:
1603:
1552:
1501:
1482:(2): 259–267.
1456:
1429:(1–2): 71–83.
1413:
1406:
1388:
1363:
1352:
1323:(9): 3043–53.
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1278:
1276:Skvortzov 1969
1267:
1265:Skvortzov 1968
1256:
1254:Skvortzov 1969
1245:
1234:
1223:
1221:Ehrenberg 1832
1212:
1201:
1190:
1179:
1177:Skvortzov 1969
1168:
1166:Ehrenberg 1831
1155:Ehrenberg 1831
1148:
1147:
1146:
1135:
1124:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1091:
1089:Skvortzov 1969
1071:
1070:
1069:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1041:Skvortzoviella
1036:
1034:Skvortzov 1968
1023:Skvortzov 1968
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1003:
992:
981:
970:
950:
949:
948:
937:
926:
915:
904:
888:Geminigeraceae
884:
883:
882:
871:
860:
858:Skvortzov 1968
849:
838:
827:
816:
805:
803:Skvortzov 1969
785:
784:
783:
767:Baffinellaceae
754:
753:
752:
751:
750:
739:
733:Bjornbergiella
710:
699:
589:Diaphoretickes
517:
516:Classification
514:
304:
301:
268:
267:
266:
265:
259:
253:
244:
243:
237:
236:
235:
234:
229:
224:
216:
215:
211:
210:
205:
203:
199:
198:
193:
191:
187:
186:
181:
179:
175:
174:
169:
167:
163:
162:
154:incertae sedis
144:
143:
137:
136:
128:
127:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5507:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5463:
5458:
5454:
5450:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5414:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5396:
5392:
5388:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5344:
5340:
5335:
5334:Cryptophyceae
5329:
5325:
5320:
5314:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5304:Cryptophyceae
5301:
5293:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5244:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5187:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5165:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5131:
5123:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5105:
5101:
5096:
5090:
5086:
5081:
5075:
5071:
5070:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5053:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4753:Basidiomycota
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4738:Glomeromycota
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4700:Stramenopiles
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4625:Apusomonadida
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4561:Nanoarchaeota
4558:
4555:
4551:
4548:
4547:Euryarchaeota
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4495:Spirochaetota
4493:
4491:
4490:Rhodothermota
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4420:Dictyoglomota
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4405:
4404:Cyanobacteria
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4393:Chrysiogenota
4391:
4389:
4388:Chloroflexota
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4368:Calditrichota
4366:
4364:
4363:Caldisericota
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4338:Atribacterota
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4294:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4274:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4203:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4155:
4151:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:Cryptochloris
4012:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3961:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3928:Cryptochrysis
3924:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3875:
3874:
3873:Tetragonidium
3869:
3868:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Cryptophyceae
3808:
3796:
3795:
3791:
3790:
3789:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3757:Goniomonadida
3754:
3751:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3600:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3546:
3545:Picomonadidae
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3504:
3503:
3499:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3488:Heliomonadida
3485:
3477:
3476:
3475:Microheliella
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3389:Stramenopiles
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:(major groups
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3249:¹traditional
3248:
3247:
3244:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Mantamonadida
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3116:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3027:Heterolobosea
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3019:Discicristata
3016:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2858:
2850:
2849:Viridiplantae
2846:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2772:
2771:
2770:Microheliella
2767:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2737:
2711:
2710:Actinophryida
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2621:Stramenopiles
2618:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2324:Ichthyosporea
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2272:
2271:Rotosphaerida
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Apusomonadida
2231:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Stramenopiles
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2055:(major groups
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2002:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1963:on 2018-10-12
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1901:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1505:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1464:Grim, J. N.;
1460:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1407:9780321559654
1403:
1399:
1392:
1378:on 2011-06-10
1377:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1303:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:Cryptochrysis
1202:
1199:Schiller 1925
1197:
1196:
1195:Cryptochloris
1191:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1118:Opisthostigma
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:Family ?
1105:
1100:Schiller 1925
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:Family ?
1072:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1051:Family ?
1050:
1045:Bourelly 1970
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1018:Family ?
1017:
1016:
1012:
1008:
999:
998:
993:
988:
987:
982:
977:
976:
971:
966:
965:
960:
959:
955:
951:
944:
943:
938:
933:
932:
927:
924:Özdikmen 2009
922:
921:
916:
911:
910:
905:
900:
899:
894:
893:
889:
885:
878:
877:
872:
867:
866:
861:
856:
855:
850:
845:
844:
839:
834:
833:
828:
823:
822:
817:
814:Hansgirg 1885
812:
811:
806:
801:
800:
795:
794:
790:
786:
779:
778:
773:
772:
768:
764:
763:
759:
755:
746:
745:
744:Tetragonidium
740:
735:
734:
729:
728:
724:
720:
719:
715:
711:
706:
705:
700:
695:
694:
689:
688:
684:
681:
680:
679:
677:
676:
671:
670:
665:
664:
660:
656:
651:
650:
646:
641:
640:
636:
632:
627:
626:
621:
620:
616:
611:
610:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
563:
559:
555:
551:
545:
538:
533:
527:
522:
513:
511:
507:
506:T. amphioxeia
503:
499:
494:
492:
491:phycobilisome
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
451:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
412:
408:
404:
403:
397:
395:
390:
386:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
361:mitochondrion
358:
355:globules, 13-
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
300:
298:
295:Some exhibit
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:cryptophyceae
260:
254:
249:Cryptomonada
248:
247:
245:
242:
238:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
219:
217:
212:
208:
207:Cryptophyceae
204:
201:
200:
196:
192:
189:
188:
184:
180:
177:
176:
172:
168:
165:
164:
159:
155:
149:
145:
142:
138:
134:
129:
126:Cryptophytes
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
5485:Cryptomonads
5303:
5133:
5095:Cryptomonada
5065:Cryptomonada
5064:
5035:
5027:
4949:Orthonectida
4944:Gastrotricha
4919:Nematomorpha
4894:Chaetognatha
4884:Hemichordate
4811:Pteridophyta
4680:Malawimonada
4554:Korarchaeota
4515:Thermotogota
4500:Synergistota
4475:Nitrospirota
4470:Nitrospinota
4415:Deinococcota
4348:Bacteroidota
4224:
4218:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4185:Plagioselmis
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4145:Smithimastix
4143:
4139:Protochrysis
4137:
4133:Planonephros
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4085:
4056:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3988:Xanthodiscus
3986:
3982:Pleuromastix
3980:
3964:
3960:Calkinsiella
3958:
3942:
3926:
3910:
3906:Butschliella
3904:
3871:
3865:
3827:
3810:
3792:
3767:
3748:Goniomonadea
3739:Cryptomonada
3719:Leucocryptos
3708:
3687:Rollomonadia
3666:Palpitomonas
3664:
3596:
3589:
3549:
3537:Picomonadida
3500:
3473:
3411:Opisthokonta
3266:
3261:paraphyletic
3156:
3137:
3119:
3088:Malawimonada
3068:Anaeromonada
3063:Anaeramoebae
3055:
3031:
3008:Tsukubamonas
3006:
2928:
2921:
2912:Charophyceae
2899:
2892:
2885:Streptophyta
2872:
2856:
2836:
2832:Rhodelphidia
2790:Palpitomonas
2788:
2768:
2757:Pancryptista
2702:
2695:
2632:
2599:
2587:
2567:
2537:
2532:Foraminifera
2530:
2373:
2316:
2310:Tunicaraptor
2308:
2275:
2249:Opisthokonta
2185:
2114:Opisthokonta
1965:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1921:
1917:
1908:
1900:
1889:. Retrieved
1880:
1837:
1833:
1823:
1778:
1774:
1757:
1746:. Retrieved
1741:
1731:
1688:
1684:
1674:
1642:(3): e4586.
1639:
1635:
1625:
1616:
1606:
1569:
1565:
1555:
1520:
1514:
1504:
1479:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1397:
1391:
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1366:
1355:
1320:
1316:
1306:
1281:
1270:
1259:
1248:
1243:Butcher 1967
1237:
1226:
1215:
1210:Pascher 1911
1204:
1193:
1188:Pascher 1929
1182:
1171:
1170:Genus ?
1160:
1159:Genus ?
1140:Xanthodiscus
1138:
1129:Pleuromastix
1127:
1116:
1115:Genus ?
1094:
1085:Calkinsiella
1083:
1078:Pascher 1967
1061:
1039:
1030:Butschliella
1028:
1014:Pascher 1913
995:
990:Karsten 1898
984:
973:
962:
940:
931:Plagioselmis
929:
918:
907:
896:
880:Pascher 1911
876:Protochrysis
874:
865:Planonephros
863:
852:
841:
830:
819:
808:
799:Smithimastix
797:
796:Genus ?
775:
748:Pascher 1914
742:
731:
702:
691:
686:Fritsch 1937
682:
673:
667:
659:Plagioselmis
653:
643:
629:
623:
613:
607:
605:
547:
509:
505:
501:
497:
495:
487:
471:mitochondria
463:mastigonemes
454:
448:
446:
426:cell nucleus
417:
413:
411:chlorophylls
405:, which has
400:
398:
382:
345:80S ribosome
337:70S ribosome
294:
273:
271:
257:Pascher 1913
206:
195:Cryptomonada
190:Superclass:
178:(unranked):
140:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
5382:iNaturalist
5328:Wikispecies
5212:iNaturalist
5164:Cryptophyta
5158:Wikispecies
5134:Cryptophyta
5089:Wikispecies
5004:Brachiopoda
4979:Cycliophora
4924:Onychophora
4899:Kinorhyncha
4821:Ginkgophyta
4816:Cycadophyta
4781:Chlorophyta
4771:Glaucophyta
4465:Myxococcota
4383:Chlorobiota
4378:Chlamydiota
4208:Pyrenomonas
4202:Proteomonas
4028:Cyanomastix
4022:Cryptomonas
3944:Cyathomonas
3843:et al 2008)
3788:Hemiarmidae
3585:Telonemidae
3528:Picomonadea
3502:Heliomorpha
3461:Microhelida
3152:Chitinozoan
3078:Parabasalia
2930:Embryophyta
2894:Chlorokybus
2874:Chlorophyta
2822:Glaucophyta
2796:Cryptophyta
2686:Pirsoniales
2653:Bicosoecida
2634:Platysulcus
2607:Perkinsozoa
2589:Apicomplexa
2562:Colponemida
2329:Pluriformea
2198:Archamoebea
2187:Eumycetozoa
1232:Lackey 1936
1228:Cyanomastix
1217:Cryptomonas
1063:Cyathomonas
964:Proteomonas
737:Bicudo 1966
609:Cryptomonas
601:green algae
581:haptophytes
577:heterokonts
573:Pyrrhophyta
510:P. prolonga
455:Cryptomonas
450:Cryptomonas
442:phycocyanin
430:nucleomorph
407:leucoplasts
399:Except for
389:ejectosomes
357:ejectosomes
335:granule, 7-
329:nucleomorph
99:August 2010
5479:Categories
5037:Parakaryon
4999:Entoprocta
4934:Arthropoda
4929:Tardigrada
4909:Priapulida
4904:Loricifera
4889:Echinoderm
4859:Ctenophora
4831:Gnetophyta
4786:Charophyta
4776:Rhodophyta
4748:Ascomycota
4743:Zygomycota
4685:Metamonada
4660:Euglenozoa
4645:Ciliophora
4353:Balneolota
4328:Aquificota
4226:Storeatula
4220:Rhodomonas
4214:Rhinomonas
4173:Geminigera
4161:Guillardia
4115:Hemiselmis
4109:Falcomonas
4103:Chroomonas
4087:Baffinella
4052:Olivamonas
4046:Meyeriella
4040:Kisselevia
4004:Chilomonas
3953:Hilleaceae
3780:Hemiarmida
3769:Goniomonas
3598:Lateronema
3577:Telonemida
3519:Corbistoma
3442:Corbihelia
3233:Rigifilida
3132:Acritarchs
3057:Barthelona
3048:Metamonada
3033:Euglenozoa
2901:Mesostigma
2857:sensu lato
2838:Rhodophyta
2697:Ochrophyta
2658:Placidozoa
2569:Ciliophora
2539:Radiolaria
2456:Haptophyta
2351:Filasterea
2263:Holomycota
1967:2019-05-26
1891:2009-06-24
1748:2018-10-16
1423:BioSystems
1382:2009-06-02
1299:References
1272:Olivamonas
1261:Meyeriella
1250:Kisselevia
1162:Chilomonas
1075:Hilleaceae
997:Storeatula
986:Rhodomonas
975:Rhinomonas
909:Guillardia
898:Geminigera
836:Parke 1949
832:Hemiselmis
821:Falcomonas
810:Chroomonas
777:Baffinella
655:Geminigera
645:Guillardia
639:Storeatula
635:Rhinomonas
631:Rhodomonas
625:Hemiselmis
615:Chroomonas
595:the group
593:Haptophyta
562:flagellate
473:have flat
434:eukaryotic
402:Chilomonas
385:extrusomes
297:mixotrophy
69:newspapers
5449:100370499
5343:AlgaeBase
5279:100370466
5173:AlgaeBase
5149:Q18668642
5080:Q21281984
4954:Dicyemida
4826:Pinophyta
4705:Telonemia
4640:Cryptista
4630:Breviatea
4615:Amoebozoa
4610:Alveolata
4591:Eukaryote
4343:Bacillota
4179:Teleaulax
4034:Isoselmis
4010:Cryptella
3623:Cryptista
3568:Telonemea
3551:Picomonas
3452:Endohelea
3406:Amoebozoa
3384:Alveolata
3372:Cryptista
3347:Eukaryota
3318:Cryptista
3310:Eukaryota
3073:Fornicata
2979:Excavates
2781:Cryptista
2704:Oomycetes
2681:Developea
2663:Sagenista
2550:Alveolata
2486:Telonemia
2361:Choanozoa
2238:Breviatea
2181:Tubulinea
2168:Amoebozoa
2109:Amoebozoa
2087:Alveolata
2075:Cryptista
2050:Eukaryota
2020:Eukaryote
1938:1529-8817
1918:J. Phycol
1854:0962-8452
1239:Isoselmis
1184:Cryptella
1001:Hill 1991
946:Hill 1991
942:Teleaulax
902:Hill 1991
847:Hill 1991
825:Hill 1991
693:Wysotzkia
663:Teleaulax
585:Chromista
554:Infusoria
481:is open;
428:called a
394:periplast
321:thylakoid
251:Senn 1900
183:Cryptista
171:Eukaryota
158:Eukaryota
5444:Tropicos
5313:Wikidata
5274:Tropicos
5143:Wikidata
5074:Wikidata
5014:Annelida
5009:Mollusca
4989:Phoronid
4984:Nemertea
4959:Rotifera
4939:Flatworm
4914:Nematoda
4879:Chordate
4869:Cnidaria
4864:Placozoa
4695:Rhizaria
4670:Haptista
4650:Cercozoa
4310:Bacteria
3794:Hemiarma
3643:Palpitea
3634:Palpitia
3591:Telonema
3401:Amorphea
3379:Rhizaria
3367:Hacrobia
3357:Excavata
3342:Bacteria
3314:Hacrobia
3255:protists
3251:kingdoms
3139:Grypania
3101:Imasidae
3002:Jakobida
2526:Endomyxa
2521:Cercozoa
2513:Rhizaria
2443:Haptista
2375:Animalia
2318:Bicellum
2193:Variosea
2176:Discosea
2154:Amorphea
2104:Amorphea
2082:Rhizaria
2070:Hacrobia
2060:Excavata
2045:Bacteria
1954:51718360
1946:30043990
1872:26817772
1815:21810989
1723:32917704
1666:36721353
1598:10430868
1547:11323671
1347:18397952
597:Hacrobia
565:protozoa
438:red alga
365:pyrenoid
349:flagella
290:flagella
286:10–50 μm
282:plastids
241:Synonyms
166:Domain:
5319:Q488032
5109:7059657
4994:Bryozoa
4690:Provora
4665:Jakobea
4655:Discoba
4601:Protist
4538:Archaea
4291:Extant
4167:Hanusia
4127:Nodeana
3727:Roombia
3416:Animals
3337:Archaea
2990:Discoba
2855:Plants
2827:Picozoa
2673:Gyrista
2580:Myzozoa
2433:Provora
2339:Filozoa
2295:Holozoa
2203:Cutosea
2119:Animals
2040:Archaea
1863:4795036
1806:3158185
1783:Bibcode
1744:: 19–52
1714:7486100
1693:Bibcode
1657:9951199
1525:Bibcode
1496:6470985
1451:6155157
1431:Bibcode
1338:2396441
1150:Family
952:Family
886:Family
854:Nodeana
787:Family
765:Family
721:Family
704:Urgorri
649:Hanusia
479:mitosis
475:cristae
387:called
341:nucleus
317:plastid
214:Orders
202:Class:
156:within
83:scholar
5436:491172
5420:NZOR:
5387:124901
5361:1CRYPC
5266:491172
5250:NZOR:
5217:124900
5191:1CRYPP
5122:146220
4854:Sponge
4846:Animal
3966:Hillea
3711:Hatena
3394:Plants
3331:Domain
3263:groups
2645:Bigyra
2219:Obazoa
2097:Plants
2034:Domain
1952:
1944:
1936:
1870:
1860:
1852:
1813:
1803:
1721:
1711:
1691:(37).
1664:
1654:
1596:
1586:
1545:
1516:Nature
1494:
1449:
1404:
1345:
1335:
1280:Genus
1269:Genus
1258:Genus
1247:Genus
1236:Genus
1225:Genus
1214:Genus
1203:Genus
1192:Genus
1181:Genus
1137:Genus
1126:Genus
1096:Hillea
1093:Genus
1082:Genus
1060:Genus
1038:Genus
1027:Genus
1009:Order
994:Genus
983:Genus
972:Genus
961:Genus
939:Genus
928:Genus
917:Genus
906:Genus
895:Genus
873:Genus
862:Genus
851:Genus
840:Genus
829:Genus
818:Genus
807:Genus
774:Genus
756:Order
741:Genus
730:Genus
712:Order
701:Genus
690:Genus
672:, (7)
666:, (6)
652:, (5)
642:, (4)
628:, (3)
612:, (2)
477:, and
333:starch
325:stigma
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
5462:17639
5457:WoRMS
5413:10598
5395:IRMNG
5292:17638
5287:WoRMS
5225:IRMNG
5178:97243
5117:WoRMS
4763:Plant
4715:Fungi
4635:CRuMs
4121:Komma
3891:1993)
3421:Fungi
3316:(?):
3215:CRuMs
2277:Fungi
2124:Fungi
1961:(PDF)
1950:S2CID
1914:(PDF)
1589:17705
1398:Algae
843:Komma
619:Komma
558:algae
375:, 18-
371:, 17-
367:, 16-
363:, 15-
359:, 14-
353:lipid
347:, 10-
278:algae
90:JSTOR
76:books
5408:ITIS
5400:1284
5369:GBIF
5356:EPPO
5348:4341
5243:3027
5238:NCBI
5199:GBIF
5186:EPPO
4801:Moss
4293:life
3828:CRY1
3820:CRY1
3267:bold
2472:TSAR
1942:PMID
1934:ISSN
1868:PMID
1850:ISSN
1811:PMID
1719:PMID
1662:PMID
1594:PMID
1566:PNAS
1543:PMID
1492:PMID
1447:PMID
1402:ISBN
1343:PMID
920:Phia
622:and
579:and
500:and
416:and
343:, 9-
339:, 8-
331:, 6-
327:, 5-
323:, 4-
319:, 3-
315:, 2-
272:The
62:news
5374:257
5230:105
3444:(?)
2746:CAM
2502:SAR
1926:doi
1858:PMC
1842:doi
1838:283
1801:PMC
1791:doi
1779:108
1709:PMC
1701:doi
1652:PMC
1644:doi
1584:PMC
1574:doi
1533:doi
1521:410
1484:doi
1439:doi
1333:PMC
1325:doi
526:SEM
45:by
5481::
5459::
5446::
5433::
5410::
5397::
5384::
5371::
5358::
5345::
5330::
5315::
5289::
5276::
5263::
5240::
5227::
5214::
5204:69
5201::
5188::
5175::
5160::
5145::
5119::
5106::
5091::
5076::
4223:,
4217:,
4211:,
4182:,
4176:,
4170:,
4164:,
4142:,
4136:,
4130:,
4124:,
4118:,
4112:,
4106:,
4055:,
4049:,
4043:,
4037:,
4031:,
4025:,
4019:,
4013:,
4007:,
3985:,
3963:,
3909:,
3870:,
3725:,
3721:,
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3713:,
3312::
1948:.
1940:.
1932:.
1922:54
1920:.
1916:.
1866:.
1856:.
1848:.
1836:.
1832:.
1809:.
1799:.
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3766:(
3729:)
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3259:*
3150:†
3144:†
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2981:*
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2860:)
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2012:e
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
