29:
40:
1434:
2286:
339:
578:, describes how it was customary, in his day, to take the measurement of the biblical cubit: "The cubit is a measure, but it is taken from the measure of the forearm. For the part from the elbow to the wrist and the palm of the hand is called the cubit, the middle finger of the cubit measure being also extended at the same time and there being added below (it) the span, that is, of the hand, taken all together."
2274:
389:
539:
to clarify the length of their cubit, saying that the measure of the cubit of which they have spoken "applies to the cubit of middle-size". In this case, the requirement is to make use of a standard 6 handbreadths to each cubit, and which handbreadth was not to be confused with an outstretched palm,
1826:, who distinguishes between a medium-sized cubit of 5 handbreadths, used principally for rabbinic measurements in measuring the bare and untilled ground near a vineyard and where there is a prohibition to grow therein seed plants under the laws of
762:) had a similar origin, being originally defined as the arm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. Several different cubit lengths were current in the medieval Islamic world for the unit of length, ranging from 48.25–145.6 cm (19–
540:
but rather one that was clenched and which handbreadth has the standard width of 4 fingerbreadths (each fingerbreadth being equivalent to the width of a thumb, about 2.25 cm). This puts the handbreadth at roughly 9 cm (
512:
There is some evidence that cubits were used to measure angular separation. The
Babylonian Astronomical Diary for 568-567 BCE refers to Jupiter being one cubit behind the elbow of Sagittarius. One cubit measures about 2 degrees.
1753:
Volumes 7–8. Berliner
Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte; Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut (Berlin, Germany); Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz. Berlin: Bruno Hessling Verlag, 1976. p.
748: in). A 120-centimetre cubit (approximately four feet long), called the Roman ulna, was common in the Roman empire, which cubit was measured from the fingers of the outstretched arm opposite the man's hip.
446:
which reduced a plethora of multiple standards to a few agreed upon common groupings. Successors to
Sumerian civilization including the Babylonians, Assyrians, and Persians continued to use these groupings.
2053:
Solinus, cap. 45, uses ulna for cubitus, where Pliny speaks of a crocodile of 22 cubits long. Solinus expresses it by so many ulnae, and Julius Pollux uses both words for the same... they call a cubitus an
1838:(part 3), Jerusalem 1939, p. 54, s.v. איזו היא אמה בינונית, where he brings down a variant reading of the same Tosefta and where it has 6 handbreadths, instead of 5 handbreadths, for the medium size cubit.
1611:
On the roadside the finish is clean and neat, a living fence of intertwined branches between stakes placed an old cubit (the length of a man's forearm or approximately 18 inches) apart.
495:
and Unger claimed it was used as a measurement standard. This irregularly formed and irregularly marked graduated rule supposedly defined the
Sumerian cubit as about 518.6 mm (
466:, Babylonian, Assyrian, Persian, Arabic, and Islamic metrologies. The Classical Mesopotamian System also has a proportional relationship, by virtue of standardized commerce, to
1405:
2037:
Thoughts on the Origin and
Descent of the Gael: With an Account of the Picts, Caledonians, and Scots; and Observations Relative to the Authenticity of the Poems of Ossian
251:. Fourteen such rods, including one double cubit rod, were described and compared by Lepsius in 1865. These cubit rods range from 523.5 to 529.2 mm (
614:, makes a distinction between the cubit of 6 handbreadths used in ordinary measurements, and the cubit of 5 handbreadths used in measuring the
1767:(SAQI, 2008), pp. 41-42. Steele does not elaborate on the relationship between the cubit as a unit of length and a unit of angular separation.
1322: in) (likely derived from the widely used cloth cubit of Aleppo) was used for cloth. The measure survived into the 20th century, with 1
1590:
522:
2318:
408:
404:
309:
301:
2308:
731:
306:
1710:
1687:
1520:
304:
224:
203:
1127:
A variety of more local or specific cubit measures were developed over time: the "small" Hashemite cubit of 60.05 cm (
574:
2135:
631:
119:
added a palm for 7 palms × 4 fingers = 28 digits. These lengths typically ranged from 44.4 to 52.92 cm (1 ft
2219:
2118:
1988:
63:
of length based on the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. It was primarily associated with the
166:, the length of the forearm being frequently used to determine the interval between stakes placed within the hedge.
2186:
1722:
Jean
Philippe Lauer (1931). "Étude sur Quelques Monuments de la III Dynastie (Pyramide à Degrés de Saqqarah)".
350:
535:) in different countries and in different ages has varied. This realization led the rabbis of the 2nd century
2176:
2066:
Ozdural, Alpay (1998). Necipoğlu, Gülru (ed.). "Sinan's Arsin: A Survey of
Ottoman Architectural Metrology".
438:, but fell into disuse after the Akkadian Empire dissolved. The standard of Naram-Sin was readopted in the
1351:
393:
1853:
2278:
1859:
48:
1378:
1634:
1369:
619:
2230:
2313:
1598:
586:
683:
from the knuckle of the middle finger (i.e., fist clenched) to the elbow, measured approximately
2178:
Heraldic design : its origins, ancient forms, and modern usage, with over 500 illustrations
2041:
1515:
368:
is given as measuring 6 cubits and 1 palm. Use of the royal cubit is also known from
33:
28:
20:
615:
1525:
648:
569:
147: in), with an ancient Roman cubit being as long as 120 cm (3 ft 11 in).
60:
39:
8:
1530:
1473:
1467:
1442:
439:
159:
96:
88:
2035:
582:
435:
2215:
2208:
2182:
2145:
2075:
1984:
1904:
1863:
1811:
1787:
1706:
1683:
864:
373:
1433:
2255:
2014:
1679:
Ancient
Egyptian science, a Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics
1550:
1495:
209:
1677:
1659:
867:
it measured 48.25 cm (19 in), possibly as a result of reforms of Caliph
1978:
1923:(ed. James Elmer Dean, The University of Chicago Press: Chicago 1935, p. 69.
1748:
1700:
1494:(diagonal) and is often shown grasping objects. It is most often used erect as a
980:
956:
528:
431:
427:
228:
151:
44:
1830:, and a larger cubit of 6 handbreadths used to measure therewith the altar. Cf.
2130:
2126:
1849:
1831:
637:
474:
175:
1346:
Other measurements based on the length of the forearm include some lengths of
191:
2302:
2149:
2122:
2079:
1867:
1827:
1563:
984:
930:
485:
354:
248:
108:
84:
2290:
443:
2163:
1361:
1329:
896:
868:
710:
589:(the "Chazon Ish"), dissenting, put the length of a cubit at 57.6 cm (
343:
284:
232:
112:
2259:
2019:
2002:
223:) is the earliest attested standard measure. Cubit rods were used for the
1900:
1783:
1503:
482:
478:
369:
338:
280:
236:
163:
155:
104:
2285:
488:
found a copper-alloy bar while excavating at Nippur. The bar dates from
1823:
1499:
607:
536:
467:
320:
227:. A number of these rods have survived: two are known from the tomb of
92:
72:
1643:
1235:) of 72.8 centimetres (28.7 in) and its double, the scale cubit (
891:), adopted in the Abbasid period and fixed by the measure used in the
150:
Cubits of various lengths were employed in many parts of the world in
1482:(with a sleeve) and may be shown in various positions, most commonly
1011:
1000:
892:
714:
675:
653:
463:
68:
64:
1822:
6:12–13), however, it brings down a second opinion, namely, that of
2251:
Stone, Mark H., "The Cubit: A History and
Measurement Commentary",
1858:. London: The Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. p.
1463:
1120:
1080:
1053:, which fluctuated widely according to region: the Egyptian cubit (
950:
832:
419:
397:
2003:"The Cubit: A History and Measurement Commentary (Review Article)"
585:
put the linear measurement of a cubit at 48 cm (19 in).
2234:
1921:
Epiphanius' Treatise on
Weights and Measures – the Syriac Version
1880:
1815:
1803:
1265:
1244:
In medieval and early modern Persia, the cubit (usually known as
1241:) established by al-Ma'mun and used mainly for measuring canals.
1102:
926:
554: in), and 6 handbreadths (1 cubit) at 54 cm (
377:
362:
240:
372:
architecture, from at least as early as the construction of the
2273:
1084:
611:
459:
455:
388:
2068:
Muqarnas: An Annual on the Visual Culture of the Islamic World
1414:
349:
Early evidence for the use of this royal cubit comes from the
324:
216:
1148:
669:
641:
423:
411:
80:
383:
1381:
823:
451:
415:
365:
358:
1347:
434:
issued a common standard. This standard was improved by
244:
1775:
1773:
1638:, Second edition, 1989; online version September 2011.
450:
The Classical Mesopotamian system formed the basis for
2001:
Stone, Mark H. (30 January 2014). Kaushik Bose (ed.).
1420:
1156:
Bilal ibn Abi Burda); the Egyptian carpenter's cubit (
1770:
1967:, vol. 41, no. 1, Jan/Feb 2015, p. 56
1765:
A Brief Introduction to Astronomy in the Middle East
1393:
1333:
1323:
1303:
1283:
1245:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1204:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1142:
1060:
1054:
1027:
1021:
1015:
994:
988:
960:
947:
934:
920:
914:
886:
844:
838:
829:
821:
815:
809:
803:
789:
783:
777:
757:
190:"to lie down", from which also comes the adjective "
2040:. Edinburgh: For A. Constable and Company. p.
1408:
788:), and each handsbreadth into four fingerbreadths (
407:originated in the loosely organized city-states of
2210:The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture
2207:
979: in) on average. It was this measure used by
2181:. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. p. 24.
1963:Vörös, Gyozo (2015), "Anastylosis at Machaerus",
1020:). Other identical measures were the work cubit (
913: in). It is also known as the common cubit (
426:had its own standards until the formation of the
2300:
2228:
1682:. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society.
1288:) appeared in the 17th century with 95 cm (
1203: in) in the 19th century; the house cubit (
782:was commonly subdivided into six handsbreadths (
1980:The Science of Measurement: A Historical Survey
734:or 6 palm widths (approximately 444 mm or
279: in) in length and are divided into seven
197:
1855:The Ancient Cubit and Our Weights and Measures
1250:) was either the legal cubit of 49.8 cm (
1724:Annales du Service des Antiquités de L'Egypte
1355:
1141: in), also known as the cubit of Bilal (
1661:Die altaegyptische Elle und ihre Eintheilung
1399:
794:). The most commonly used definitions were:
292:
1498:, for example by the families of Poyntz of
1387:
1362:
987:, and is hence also known as Ziyadi cubit (
185:
179:
2136:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1702:Building in Egypt: pharaonic stone masonry
1579:(Sterling, 2009) & many other sources.
1372:
1189:, reduced and standardized to 75 cm (
622:, its circuit and the horns of the altar.
523:Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement
287:, and the fingers are further subdivided.
2144:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 231–232.
2018:
1672:
1670:
1654:
1652:
1223: in), introduced by the Abbasid-era
925:), and was the most commonly used in the
405:Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
384:Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement
2168:
1582:
1432:
1428:
387:
337:
243:; another was found in the tomb of Kha (
174:The English word "cubit" comes from the
47:, 52.3 cm long, 1336–1327 BC (
38:
27:
2174:
2112:
2065:
1664:(in German). Berlin: Dümmler. p. 14–18.
2301:
2205:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2092:
1940:), Jerusalem 1943, p. 17 (section 20).
1848:
1667:
1649:
1577:Sacred Geometry – Deciphering The Code
1302: in), while a "shortened" cubit (
473:In 1916, during the last years of the
2229:Hirsch, Emil G.; et al. (1906),
2033:
2000:
1971:
1962:
1716:
1693:
1521:List of obsolete units of measurement
204:Ancient Egyptian units of measurement
2162:Rigpa Wiki, accessed January 2022, "
2116:
1742:
2089:
1897:Mishnah with Maimonides' Commentary
1780:Mishnah with Maimonides' Commentary
1750:Acta praehistorica et archaeologica
1705:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1328:equal to 104 cm (41 in).
532:
470:Harappan and Egyptian metrologies.
13:
1597:. Oliver Liebscher. Archived from
1229:Ibn Abi Layla; the cubit of Umar (
632:ancient Greek units of measurement
14:
2330:
2266:
1083:63 cm (25 in), that of
808:), also known as the hand cubit (
756:In the Islamic world, the cubit (
625:
516:
283:; each palm is divided into four
2319:Human-based units of measurement
2284:
2272:
2239:, vol. XII, pp. 483 ff
2074:. Leiden, The Netherlands: 109.
1588:
1341:
1338:) of 81.3 cm (32 in).
751:
2199:
2156:
2059:
2027:
1994:
1956:
1943:
1926:
1914:
1890:
1874:
1841:
1797:
1757:
1733:
1032:, which measures 65.6 cm (
1005:
873:
704:
2084:... Roman ulna of four feet...
1627:
1616:
1569:
1557:
1543:
1332:also had its own royal cubit (
1147:, named after the 8th-century
820:, named after the 8th-century
361:river during the reign of the
1:
2309:Obsolete units of measurement
2289:The dictionary definition of
2246:Pyramids and Temples of Gizeh
2244:Petrie, Sir Flinders (1881).
1536:
1169:
965:for a total of 66.5 cm (
849:). It measured 49.8 cm (
634:, the standard forearm cubit
489:
676:
654:
392:The Nippur cubit-rod in the
325:
217:
198:Ancient Egyptian royal cubit
187:cubo, cubare, cubui, cubitum
169:
162:. The term is still used in
7:
1965:Biblical Archaeology Review
1509:
1415:
1409:
1394:
1334:
1324:
1304:
1284:
1246:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1205:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1143:
1061:
1055:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1010:) it was also known as the
995:
989:
961:
948:
935:
921:
915:
887:
863: in), although in the
845:
839:
830:
822:
816:
810:
804:
790:
784:
778:
776: in), and in turn the
758:
527:The standard of the cubit (
10:
2335:
1623:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
1282: in). A royal cubit (
1123:68.6 cm (27 in).
1065:) measured 58.15 cm (
936:al-dhirāʿ al-Rashshāshiyya
828:Abu Yusuf), postal cubit (
670:
642:
520:
293:
201:
32:Egyptian cubit rod in the
18:
1934:Sefer Ḳuntres ha-Shiʻurim
1676:Marshall Clagett (1999).
1635:Oxford English Dictionary
1421:
1400:
1356:
664:460 mm (18 in).
357:, the flood level of the
2175:Allcock, Hubert (2003).
1977:H. Arthur Klein (1974).
1658:Richard Lepsius (1865).
1162:) or architect's cubit (
666:The short forearm cubit
620:altar of burnt offerings
587:Avrohom Yeshaya Karelitz
380:in around 2700 BC.
344:Egyptian Museum of Turin
2253:Journal of Anthropology
2236:The Jewish Encyclopedia
2206:Arnold, Dieter (2003).
2007:Journal of Anthropology
1936:(Abridged edition from
1268:cubit of 79.8 cm (
1165:al-dhirāʿ al-miʿmāriyya
1119: in), and that of
1017:al-dhirāʿ al-Hāshimiyya
717:, a cubit was equal to
662:measured approximately
575:On Weights and Measures
231:, the treasurer of the
184:"elbow", from the verb
2231:"Weights and Measures"
1699:Arnold Dieter (1991).
1595:Shropshire Hedgelaying
1516:History of measurement
1455:
1388:
1382:
1373:
1363:
1238:al-dhirāʿ al-mīzāniyya
1232:al-dhirāʿ al-ʿUmariyya
1159:al-dhirāʿ bi'l-najjāri
1144:al-dhirāʿ al-Bilāliyya
1062:al-dhirāʿ al-baladiyya
1026:) and likely also the
990:al-dhirāʿ al-Ziyādiyya
955:), inherited from the
817:al-dhirāʿ al-Yūsufiyya
805:al-dhirāʿ al-sharʿiyya
606:Rabbi and philosopher
401:
374:Step Pyramid of Djoser
346:
186:
180:
133: in to 1 ft
52:
36:
34:Liverpool World Museum
21:Cubit (disambiguation)
16:Ancient unit of length
2034:Grant, James (1814).
1551:"Definition of CUBIT"
1526:System of measurement
1436:
1429:Cubit arm in heraldry
1173: 77.5 cm (
919:), sack-cloth cubit (
570:Epiphanius of Salamis
477:and in the middle of
391:
351:Early Dynastic Period
341:
225:measurement of length
42:
31:
2281:at Wikimedia Commons
1029:al-dhirāʿ al-hindāsa
996:al-dhirāʿ al-misāḥaʾ
959:. It measured eight
843:) and thread cubit (
840:al-dhirāʿ al-mursala
493: 2650 BCE
458:, Hurrian, Hittite,
394:Archeological Museum
323:of the royal cubit,
19:For other uses, see
2260:10.1155/2014/489757
2020:10.1155/2014/489757
1983:. New York: Dover.
1739:Conder 1908, p. 87.
1531:Unit of measurement
1209:) of 50.3 cm (
1101: in), that of
1079: in), that of
993:) or survey cubit (
922:al-dhirāʿ al-kirbās
888:al-dhirāʿ al-sawdāʾ
814:), cubit of Yusuf (
342:Cubit rod from the
158:and as recently as
103:was divided into 6
89:Ark of the Covenant
1932:Abraham Haim Noe,
1907:: Jerusalem 1963,
1812:629, note 14 – 630
1790:: Jerusalem 1967,
1601:on 17 January 2019
1553:. 2 February 2024.
1456:
1413:, and the Tibetan
1335:dhirāʿ-i pādishāhī
1308:) of 6.8 cm (
1264: in), or the
1023:al-dhirāʿ al-ʿamal
983:for his survey of
916:al-dhirāʿ al-ʿāmma
899:at 54.04 cm (
846:al-dhirāʿ al-ghazl
837:), "freed" cubit (
618:, the base of the
583:Avraham Chaim Naeh
572:, in his treatise
402:
347:
160:early modern times
53:
49:Eighteenth Dynasty
37:
2277:Media related to
2117:Hinz, W. (1965).
1905:Mossad Harav Kook
1885:Kelim Baba-Metsia
1820:Kelim Baba-Metsia
1788:Mossad Harav Kook
1763:Steele, John M.,
1711:978-0-19-506350-9
1688:978-0-87169-232-0
1575:Stephen Skinner,
1056:al-dhirāʿ al-bazz
957:Sassanid Persians
865:Abbasid Caliphate
651:
336:
335:
331:
317:
316:
313:
312:
2326:
2288:
2276:
2240:
2225:
2213:
2193:
2192:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2114:
2087:
2086:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2050:
2048:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
1998:
1992:
1975:
1969:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1894:
1888:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1845:
1839:
1836:Tosefet Rishonim
1801:
1795:
1777:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1697:
1691:
1674:
1665:
1656:
1647:
1631:
1625:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1376:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1337:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1208:
1206:al-dhirāʿ al-dār
1202:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1178:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1009:
1007:
998:
992:
978:
977:
973:
970:
964:
954:
938:
924:
918:
912:
911:
907:
904:
890:
877:
875:
862:
861:
857:
854:
848:
842:
836:
827:
819:
813:
811:al-dhirāʿ al-yad
807:
793:
787:
781:
775:
774:
770:
767:
761:
747:
746:
742:
739:
730:
729:
725:
722:
700:
698:
697:
693:
690:
682:
679:
673:
672:
665:
661:
659:
647:
645:
644:
610:, following the
602:
601:
597:
594:
567:
566:
562:
559:
553:
552:
548:
545:
534:
508:
507:
503:
500:
494:
491:
330:
319:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
278:
277:
273:
270:
264:
263:
259:
256:
222:
210:ancient Egyptian
189:
183:
146:
145:
141:
138:
132:
131:
127:
124:
97:Solomon's Temple
79:is found in the
2334:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2314:Units of length
2299:
2298:
2269:
2222:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2173:
2169:
2161:
2157:
2115:
2090:
2064:
2060:
2046:
2044:
2032:
2028:
1999:
1995:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1931:
1927:
1919:
1915:
1895:
1891:
1879:
1875:
1846:
1842:
1802:
1798:
1778:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1747:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1721:
1717:
1698:
1694:
1675:
1668:
1657:
1650:
1632:
1628:
1621:
1617:
1604:
1602:
1591:"The Green Man"
1587:
1583:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1512:
1431:
1344:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1004:
999:). From Caliph
981:Ziyad ibn Abihi
975:
971:
968:
966:
933:under the name
909:
905:
902:
900:
872:
859:
855:
852:
850:
772:
768:
765:
763:
754:
744:
740:
737:
735:
727:
723:
720:
718:
713:, according to
707:
695:
691:
688:
686:
684:
681:, lit. "fist"),
667:
663:
635:
628:
599:
595:
592:
590:
564:
560:
557:
555:
550:
546:
543:
541:
525:
519:
505:
501:
498:
496:
492:
432:Sargon of Akkad
428:Akkadian Empire
386:
305:
275:
271:
268:
266:
261:
257:
254:
252:
206:
200:
172:
143:
139:
136:
134:
129:
125:
122:
120:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2332:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2297:
2296:
2282:
2268:
2267:External links
2265:
2264:
2263:
2249:
2242:
2226:
2220:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2167:
2155:
2088:
2058:
2026:
1993:
1970:
1955:
1942:
1938:Shiʻurei Torah
1925:
1913:
1911:6:6 (Hebrew).
1889:
1873:
1840:
1832:Saul Lieberman
1796:
1794:3:1 (Hebrew).
1769:
1756:
1741:
1732:
1715:
1692:
1666:
1648:
1626:
1615:
1581:
1568:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1511:
1508:
1490:(horizontal),
1430:
1427:
1360:), the Indian
1343:
1340:
1305:gaz-i mukassar
1125:
1124:
1105:82.9 cm (
1087:67.7 cm (
1047:
1008: 754–775
940:
879:
876: 813–833
753:
750:
706:
703:
627:
626:Ancient Greece
624:
521:Main article:
518:
517:Biblical cubit
515:
475:Ottoman Empire
409:Early Dynastic
385:
382:
334:
333:
315:
314:
311:
310:
307:
302:
202:Main article:
199:
196:
171:
168:
59:is an ancient
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2331:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2295:at Wiktionary
2294:
2293:
2287:
2283:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2221:1-86064-465-1
2217:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2203:
2190:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2171:
2164:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2030:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1989:9780486258393
1986:
1982:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:Diverse Kinds
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1810:17:9–10, pp.
1809:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:
1673:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1612:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:Hart, Sarah.
1585:
1578:
1572:
1565:
1564:Vitruvian Man
1560:
1552:
1546:
1542:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1478:. It may be
1477:
1476:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1396:
1392:, the Telugu
1390:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1365:
1353:
1349:
1342:Other systems
1339:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1306:
1286:
1267:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1207:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1122:
1104:
1086:
1082:
1063:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1013:
1002:
997:
991:
986:
982:
963:
958:
953:
952:
945:
941:
937:
932:
931:Islamic Spain
928:
923:
917:
898:
894:
889:
884:
880:
870:
866:
847:
841:
835:
834:
826:
825:
818:
812:
806:
801:
797:
796:
795:
792:
786:
780:
760:
752:Islamic world
749:
733:
716:
712:
702:
685:340 mm (
680:
678:
658:
657:
650:
639:
633:
623:
621:
617:
613:
609:
604:
588:
584:
579:
577:
576:
571:
538:
530:
524:
514:
510:
487:
486:Eckhard Unger
484:
483:assyriologist
481:, the German
480:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
445:
441:
440:Ur III period
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
410:
406:
399:
395:
390:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
364:
360:
356:
355:Palermo Stone
352:
345:
340:
332:
329:
328:
322:
308:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
291:
288:
286:
282:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
220:
214:
211:
205:
195:
193:
188:
182:
177:
167:
165:
161:
157:
154:, during the
153:
148:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
50:
46:
43:Cubit rod of
41:
35:
30:
26:
22:
2291:
2252:
2245:
2235:
2209:
2200:Bibliography
2177:
2170:
2158:
2141:
2134:
2083:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2052:
2045:. Retrieved
2036:
2029:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1979:
1973:
1964:
1958:
1950:
1949:Chazon Ish,
1945:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1916:
1908:
1896:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1854:
1843:
1835:
1819:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1779:
1764:
1759:
1749:
1744:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1701:
1695:
1678:
1660:
1639:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1603:. Retrieved
1599:the original
1594:
1584:
1576:
1571:
1559:
1545:
1506:and Turton.
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1459:
1457:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1386:, the Tamil
1345:
1330:Mughal India
1243:
1126:
1050:
944:king's cubit
943:
897:Rawda Island
882:
799:
755:
711:ancient Rome
708:
705:Ancient Rome
674:
655:
629:
616:Golden Altar
605:
580:
573:
526:
511:
472:
449:
403:
376:designed by
348:
326:
318:
233:18th dynasty
218:
212:
207:
173:
149:
117:Royal cubits
116:
101:common cubit
100:
76:
56:
54:
25:
2131:Schacht, J.
2127:Pellat, Ch.
2013:: 489757 .
1951:Orach Chaim
1903:), vol. 1,
1901:Yosef Qafih
1786:), vol. 3,
1784:Yosef Qafih
1504:Stevenstone
1502:, Rolle of
1486:, but also
1437:A heraldic
1285:gaz-i shāhī
1051:cloth cubit
883:black cubit
800:legal cubit
603: in).
568: in).
509: in).
479:World War I
370:Old Kingdom
237:Tutankhamun
213:royal cubit
164:hedgelaying
156:Middle Ages
75:. The term
2303:Categories
2279:Cubit arms
2214:. Taurus.
2188:048642975X
2140:Volume II:
1850:Warren, C.
1824:Rabbi Meir
1814:). In the
1537:References
1500:Iron Acton
1046: in).
949:al-dhirāʿ
831:al-dhirāʿ
732:Roman feet
608:Maimonides
468:Bronze Age
464:Phoenician
454:, Hebrew,
444:Nanše Hymn
422:and trade
321:Hieroglyph
93:Tabernacle
85:Noah's Ark
83:regarding
73:Israelites
2150:495469475
2123:Lewis, B.
2080:0732-2992
2047:1 January
1868:752584387
1730::60 p. 59
1713:. p. 251.
1460:cubit arm
1439:cubit arm
1187: in)
1012:Hashemite
1001:al-Mansur
893:Nilometer
869:al-Ma'mun
715:Vitruvius
699: in)
649:translit.
436:Naram-Sin
353:: on the
327:meh niswt
219:meh niswt
192:recumbent
170:Etymology
152:antiquity
69:Egyptians
65:Sumerians
2133:(eds.).
2119:"Dhirāʿ"
1991:. p. 68.
1887:6:12–13)
1852:(1903).
1510:See also
1492:bendwise
1488:fesswise
1475:sinister
1464:heraldry
1121:Istanbul
1081:Damascus
951:al-malik
833:al-barīd
460:Ugaritic
456:Urartian
414:. Each
400:, Turkey
398:Istanbul
235:pharaoh
1909:Kila'im
1881:Tosefta
1816:Tosefta
1804:Mishnah
1466:may be
1404:), the
1354:lokot (
1352:Russian
1317:⁄
1297:⁄
1277:⁄
1266:Isfahan
1259:⁄
1218:⁄
1198:⁄
1182:⁄
1136:⁄
1114:⁄
1103:Baghdad
1096:⁄
1074:⁄
1041:⁄
1014:cubit (
974:⁄
927:Maghreb
908:⁄
858:⁄
771:⁄
743:⁄
726:⁄
694:⁄
598:⁄
563:⁄
549:⁄
504:⁄
452:Elamite
442:by the
420:kingdom
378:Imhotep
363:Pharaoh
285:fingers
274:⁄
260:⁄
241:Saqqara
181:cubitum
142:⁄
128:⁄
109:fingers
2262:, 2014
2218:
2185:
2148:
2129:&
2078:
1987:
1953:39:14.
1866:
1792:Middot
1709:
1686:
1605:18 May
1480:vested
1469:dexter
1449:vested
1444:dexter
1389:muzham
1377:, the
1368:, the
1357:локоть
1350:, the
1149:Basran
1085:Aleppo
779:dhirāʿ
759:dhirāʿ
656:pēkhys
652:
612:Talmud
581:Rabbi
529:Hebrew
249:Thebes
113:digits
99:. The
95:, and
91:, the
87:, the
71:, and
2292:cubit
2121:. In
2054:ulna.
1899:(ed.
1808:Kelim
1782:(ed.
1726:IFAO
1644:cubit
1496:crest
1484:erect
1453:erect
1406:Khmer
1395:moora
1383:hasta
1379:Malay
1364:hasta
1168:) of
962:qabḍa
791:aṣbaʿ
785:qabḍa
677:pygmē
671:πυγμή
643:πῆχυς
638:Greek
430:when
424:guild
412:Sumer
281:palms
247:) in
239:, in
178:noun
176:Latin
111:= 24
105:palms
81:Bible
77:cubit
57:cubit
2216:ISBN
2183:ISBN
2146:OCLC
2076:ISSN
2049:2018
2011:2014
1985:ISBN
1864:OCLC
1847:Cf.
1707:ISBN
1690:. p.
1684:ISBN
1640:s.v.
1607:2017
1451:and
1416:khru
1370:Thai
1226:qāḍī
1153:qāḍī
1049:the
985:Iraq
942:the
929:and
881:the
824:qāḍī
798:the
416:city
366:Djer
359:Nile
229:Maya
208:The
107:× 4
61:unit
55:The
45:Maya
2256:doi
2142:C–G
2042:137
2015:doi
1754:49.
1472:or
1462:in
1425:).
1422:ཁྲུ
1410:hat
1401:మూర
1374:sok
1348:ell
1325:gaz
1247:gaz
1059:or
895:on
709:In
630:In
533:אמה
396:of
265:to
245:TT8
194:".
2305::
2233:,
2138:.
2125:;
2091:^
2082:.
2072:15
2070:.
2051:.
2009:.
2005:.
1862:.
1834:,
1772:^
1728:31
1669:^
1651:^
1609:.
1593:.
1458:A
1447:,
1441:,
1319:16
1315:11
1290:37
1279:16
1270:31
1252:19
1220:16
1216:13
1211:19
1191:29
1175:30
1170:c.
1138:32
1134:21
1129:23
1107:32
1089:26
1076:32
1072:29
1067:22
1043:16
1039:13
1034:25
1006:r.
976:16
967:26
901:21
878:).
874:r.
851:19
773:16
764:57
736:17
701:.
687:13
646:,
640::
600:16
596:11
591:22
556:21
537:CE
531::
506:32
502:13
497:20
490:c.
462:,
418:,
276:32
272:27
267:20
253:20
144:16
140:13
115:.
67:,
2258::
2248:.
2241:.
2224:.
2191:.
2165:"
2152:.
2023:.
2017::
1883:(
1870:.
1860:4
1818:(
1806:(
1646:"
1642:"
1566:.
1419:(
1398:(
1312:+
1310:2
1299:2
1295:1
1292:+
1275:7
1272:+
1261:8
1257:5
1254:+
1213:+
1200:2
1196:1
1193:+
1184:2
1180:1
1177:+
1131:+
1116:8
1112:5
1109:+
1098:8
1094:5
1091:+
1069:+
1036:+
1003:(
972:3
969:+
946:(
939:.
910:4
906:1
903:+
885:(
871:(
860:8
856:5
853:+
802:(
769:5
766:+
745:2
741:1
738:+
728:2
724:1
721:+
719:1
696:2
692:1
689:+
668:(
660:)
636:(
593:+
565:2
561:1
558:+
551:2
547:1
544:+
542:3
499:+
269:+
262:8
258:5
255:+
215:(
137:+
135:8
130:2
126:1
123:+
121:5
51:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
