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Curragh Camp

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793: 725:"Most men, on leaving the internment camp, were so unable to deal with ordinary life that it took upwards of six months before any of them could screw up their courage to do normal things such as signing on at the Labour Exchange to draw unemployment benefits or applying for jobs. Even to cross the road was a terrible effort, the traffic, thin enough after the war, seemed fantastic after the years in the Curragh. The difference in women's fashion frightened them and added to the general air of unfamiliarity. After years in confinement with adult men, children seemed fragile and small scale. Most remained republicans in sympathy, but had no means of solving the border problem. Some were broken and turned to drink or had nervous breakdowns." 419: 1881: 1838: 57: 714: 466:) any Irish person without charge or trial. Under Section 3(6) of the Act, the military established non-public courts martial, in which lawyers (appointed by the military) could be present only in death penalty cases. Inquests of military or police actions were also banned. The Act was not repealed until 1953. In 1921 there were several camps within the Curragh that were used to house internees to include Hare Park and Tintown camps. During the 365: 612: 673:
escape tunnels. Prison guards fired on the internees with four wounded and one killed. Two days later Irish Republican internee Barney Casey from County Longford was shot and killed by military police in the camp. After these fires and killings 40 Camp leaders were placed in solitary confinement for ten weeks and subjected to severe beatings.
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shed at Kildare and one of them had been sent down the line into an obstruction at Cherryville, thereby blocking the line. It was also alleged that goods trains had been looted and shops robbed in the locality. The same column was also reported to have taken part in an ambush of Free State troops at the Curragh siding on 25 November.
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On 9 September 1921, between 50 and 70 men escaped from the Hare Park internment camp at the Curragh Camp through a tunnel which took over a month to construct using only knives and spoons. When the tunnel was completed the internees waited for a foggy night and used the noise from an ongoing concert
596:, protesting against the continuation of internment without charges or trial and poor prison conditions. The strike quickly spread to other camps and prisons nationwide with the Curragh having the largest number of strikers – 3,390. Four prisoners died in the Curragh as the result of hunger strikes: 540:
On 13 December, the men were surprised in a dug-out at a farmhouse at Moore's Bridge, on the edge of the Curragh plains, by Free State troops. In the dug-out were ten men, ten rifles, a quantity of ammunition, and other supplies. The men were arrested and conveyed to the Curragh. The proprietress of
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to fly over the Curragh Camp. By tradition the British Army had cut down the flagpole requiring the Irish officers to physically hold the flagpole while the tricolour was raised. Both the Union Flag and the tricolour, which measures 10 ft × 18 ft (3.0 m × 5.5 m) are now
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of 23 December 1922 reported that a column of ten men had operated against railways, goods trains and shops in the vicinity of Kildare for some time. Five of them had apparently taken part in an attempt to disrupt communications by derailing engines on 11 December. Two engines had been taken from a
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By early June 1940, 400 IRA men were interned at the Curragh. In the Fall of 1940 the internees began work on six tunnels from individual huts leading to one main escape tunnel. During unrest on 14 December 1940 the internees set fire to several huts, wind spread the fire to many huts exposing the
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Controversy surrounds the circumstances of the death of Thomas Behan, one of the men. One version has it that his arm was broken when he was being apprehended and he was subsequently killed by a blow of a rifle butt on the head at the scene of the raid when he was unable to climb on the truck that
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The Curragh was a little isolated, which led to stringent regulations about taxi fares. However, the camp was well provided for, with recreational facilities (including, for the officers, hunting with the local gentry), several postal deliveries a day (last collection for England at 11pm), and a
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ran highly successful language classes. Other prisoners who had more education than these fellows gave tutorials in their own special subjects, and many a young Irish counntry lad who had left school at age twelve emerged from the Curragh with a far better education than he could possibly have
761:. There were three sections in the camp at the time: one each for the IRA, Allied airmen and German mariners and airmen. British personnel were interned at the Curragh, whereas US personnel were repatriated due to an agreement between the Irish and US governments, though one US citizen, 328:
The first of the "modern" barracks (Beresford Barracks) was built at the camp in 1879, and six new barracks were subsequently constructed around the start of the 20th century: Ponsonby Barracks, Stewart Barracks, A.S.C Barracks, Engineer Barracks, Gough Barracks and Keane Barracks.
769:) prior to the US entry to the war, was also interned. The Allied and Axis "internees" at the Curragh were not strictly contained, and were allowed to attend social events outside the detention camp. There was a film made about the World War II detention camp, in 1998, called " 376:
were a community of women, who lived close to the Camp, in order that many of the women could be paid for sex work by the soldiers there. The Camp, like many military garrisons in Ireland at the time, attracted large numbers of prostitutes. It was mentioned in the
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The Curragh has historically been a military assembly area, owing to the wide expanse of plain. In 1599, Henry Harvey noted "a better place for the deploying of an Army I never beheld." However, the Curragh's history goes further back; it is mentioned in the
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In June 1945 the Irish government ordered the closure of the internment camp with many of the prisoners being released within a few months. Internment of several hundred men and women continued in Northern Ireland. A member of Northern Irelands Parliament
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The Curragh Camp has seen modernisation in late 20th and early 21st century, with billet blocks being refurbished and dining and messing facilities upgraded for all ranks. Other developments include a workshop complex and a large garage for
1374: 474:. The official internment camp at the Curragh was the Rath camp which held 1,300 internees in 60 wooden army huts on a ten-acre area. The compound was surrounded by ten foot high fences with machine gun towers at each corner. 388:
The women lived in the furze-covered areas surrounding the camp, living in holes in banks and ditches with few possessions, in what were known as 'nests'. Their story gained prominence in a series of articles in the
738:) concerning the continuation of internment: "This Government and the British Government, as alder and abettor, can gleefully claim proud possession of the one remaining concentration camp in Western Europe." 784:. On 2 December 1958, 14 internees escaped from the Camp. The Camp contained approximately 150 men, the last of the internees were eventually released and the internment camp was closed on 11 March 1959. 477:
Multiple escape attempts were made using tunnels and other means to get men out of the Curragh. In April 1921 a tunnel was discovered resulting in the loss of internee privileges. On 11 July 1921 the
301:. These structures for 10,000 infantry were constructed of wood. The camp also had its own post office, a fire station, ten barracks, two churches, water-pumping station, courthouse and clock tower. 865: 1363: 1313: 652:, which gave the government the power to intern foreign nationals and Irish citizens. During the IRA's campaign of bombing and sabotage in England from 1939 to 1940 (the 406:
The problem of sexually transmitted diseases due to the prevalence of prostitution and men willing to partake in their services can be seen by the numbers reporting with
2145: 1713: 600:, aged 19 (while on Hunger strike) on 2 September 1923, Dan Downey (who died in Curragh's Hospital Wing on 10 June 1923 due the effects of an earlier hunger-strike), 470:(June 1922 – May 1923) at least 30 internment camps/prisons existed in Ireland which were used by the newly formed Irish government to hold internees opposed to the 1648: 1827: 1176: 549:
conveyed the men to the Curragh. The official version was that he was shot when attempting to escape from a hut in which he was detained in the Curragh Camp.
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were released from the Curragh to consider the terms of the British peace terms. Because there was no general release of internees escape efforts continued.
2371: 2361: 585:, at least two men died in the Curragh Camp while in custody: Owen Boyle on 13 November 1923 and Frank O'Keefe also in 1923 (day of year not stated). 869: 1236: 2135: 1963: 1910: 2182: 661: 321:, who was serving at the camp. A great troop review was held for the visit and an album of the occasion can be found in the Royal Archive at 2317: 2366: 2062: 481:
was ended with a truce and all tunneling at the Curragh was suspended. Thirty seven internees who were elected to the new Irish Parliament
608:, who died on 24 December 1923 in the Curragh Camp hospital from complications due to his participation in the 1923 Irish Hunger Strikes. 2187: 2299: 2080: 1820: 1120: 505:. The handover took place at 10 o'clock on Tuesday 16 May 1922, when the camp was handed over to a party of Irish troops commanded by 1309: 735: 459: 1003: 2192: 1094: 781: 1709: 426:
The Curragh Cemetery has many graves that attest to the British Army presence on the Curragh up to their departure in 1922. The
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There were numerous training camps organised on the Curragh in the 19th century including for training militia to defend the
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By 1893, the General Officer Commanding (GOC) was Major-General Lord Ralph D. Kerr CB. The garrison was the 1st Battalion
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Also according to Coogan, the years in internment left a great mark on the IRA veterans who remained there for long.
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The tallest building in the Curragh is the fire station, where the army maintain a modern fire fighting service.
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Narrative of Operations in the Arrangement and Formation of a Camp for 10,000 Infantry on the Curragh of Kildare
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was lowered for the last time. At noon, O'Connell climbed the water tower and hoisted the first
1991: 1986: 1870: 750: 731: 1860: 1855: 777: 765:, whose nationality had been stripped by the US Government for fighting with the British (in 502: 249: 1116: 212: 808: 766: 373: 337: 2011: 1090: 8: 2282: 660:(the police and security service of Ireland) were also interned in the Curragh under the 657: 633: 418: 226: 2031: 1643: 1007: 770: 471: 345: 641: 2041: 1770: 1744: 1526: 1203: 1071: 482: 391: 222: 56: 2289: 2226: 2026: 1996: 1958: 1061: 831: 447: 152: 1460: 1399: 1336: 1142: 977: 501:(21 January 1919 – 11 July 1921) the British Army handed over Curragh Camp to the 208: 2262: 2016: 934: 866:"Crime gang's €1 million fleet of vehicles under armed guard in The Curragh Camp" 589: 582: 542: 514: 498: 467: 344:(31st Foot). In 1894, the Worcestershires were replaced by the 2nd Battalion the 290: 1800: 1048:"Abandoned Women and Bad Characters: Prostitution in Nineteenth Century Ireland" 2206: 2021: 1981: 1763: 1758: 1607: 701: 689: 322: 310: 286: 245: 180: 168: 47: 1795: 1066: 1047: 637: 532:
In December 1922, seven men were executed in the Curragh Military Prison. The
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daily Mass for Catholics at the East Church. A gun was fired every day at
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Who's who in the Irish War of Independence and Civil War 1916–1923,
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maintains the graves of 104 servicemen who died at the camp during
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to make their escape. None of the escapees were ever recaptured.
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A memorial to the executed men can be found in Kildare Town.
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held on the Curragh attracted upwards of 50,000 spectators.
1310:"Death in December: 90th anniversary of Curragh executions" 1281:"Sensation at Curragh Camp Prisoners escape from Hare Park" 304: 1339:. The Curragh of Kildare History and Information Website. 742:
Internment of belligerents and Border Campaign internments
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The Curragh Camp viewed from the surrounding Curragh plain
1710:"Curragh Camp Fire Station, Curragh Camp, County Kildare" 1673:, Facts on File, Inc, New York, pg 18, ISBN 0-87196-182-2 453: 1558:, Argenta Publications, Dublin, pg 948, ISBN 0951117246 1428:
The Lilliput Press, Dublin, pg 221, ISBN 1 874675 85 6
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personnel who had found themselves in Ireland during
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Irish Civil War Executions, Deaths and Hunger Strikes
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raised to assist in the defence of the country while
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Military installation, education and training centre
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The Little Field Marshal: A Life of Sir John French
955: 943: 211:, the king of Ireland, was slain on the Curragh by 1762: 668:Burning of Camp, killings and release of internees 619: 462:, which permitted military authorities to arrest ( 458:In August 1920, the British Parliament passed the 183:, Ireland. It is the main training centre for the 1487:The IRA Bombing Campaign Against Britain, 1939-40 1004:"Locations: 2nd Battalion the Hampshire Regiment" 902: 734:wrote to the Prime Minister of Northern Ireland ( 195: 2348: 1525:. Oregon: Generation Organization. p. 250. 776:The Curragh Internment Camp held members of the 588:During this time, Irish Republican prisoners in 317:visited to inspect troops, including their son, 1911:Communications & Information Services Corps 1202:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 178–179. 492: 434:, which are scattered throughout the cemetery. 1741:Cuirrech lifé: the Curragh of Kildare, Ireland 1602: 1600: 1119:. Central Statistics Office of Ireland. 1911. 541:the farmhouse was also arrested and lodged in 1821: 1671:Northern Ireland: Half a Century of Partition 410:in the military hospital in the 1911 census. 281:Crimean War and establishment of Curragh Camp 868:. Kildare Now. 29 March 2016. Archived from 644:. On 3 September 1939, the Irish parliament 571:James O’Connor (24) Bansha, County Tipperary 248:and was mentioned in the Irish peasant song 2372:Military history of the Republic of Ireland 1597: 688:) by the internees. According to historian 442:In March 1914, before the enactment of the 31: 2362:Buildings and structures in County Kildare 2300:List of Irish military casualties overseas 1828: 1814: 1334: 1304: 1302: 1226:, Anvil Books Ltd, Tralee, Ireland, pg 33. 972: 970: 559:Joseph Johnston (18) Station Road, Kildare 175:) is an army base and military college in 80:Irish Defence Forces/Department of Defence 1088: 1065: 923: 662:Offences against the State Acts 1939–1998 187:and is home to 2,000 military personnel. 1639:"Home Video; Olden Goldies Burnished Up" 791: 712: 610: 574:Patrick Bagnall (19) Fair Green, Kildare 556:Stephen White (18) Abbey Street, Kildare 460:Restoration of Order in Ireland Act 1920 417: 363: 305:Events and routines in 19th-century camp 1636: 1556:The IRA in the twilight years 1923-1948 1299: 967: 860: 858: 562:Patrick Mangan (22) Fair Green, Kildare 359: 2349: 1757: 1738: 1684:"Two Army APCs costing €2.6m in crash" 1523:Echoes of Their Footsteps Volume Three 1520: 1361: 1197: 1179:from the original on 23 September 2015 961: 949: 929: 787: 403:also contains a chapter on the Wrens. 244:It was also a muster point during the 1809: 1716:from the original on 18 December 2017 1097:from the original on 22 December 2010 1045: 1041: 1039: 1037: 984:from the original on 24 November 2011 704:-speaking internees, were set up and 565:Patrick Nolan (34) Rathbride, Kildare 528:Executions during the Irish Civil War 454:Internment and escapes at the Curragh 239:Great Britain was at war with America 219:Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel 1964:Directorate of Military Intelligence 1651:from the original on 14 October 2013 1467:from the original on 29 January 2021 1343:from the original on 5 February 2012 855: 843:List of Irish military installations 803:The Curragh Camp is now home to the 717:Tokens used at the camp in the 1940s 368:Two anonymous 'Wrens of the Curragh' 260:And where will they have their camp? 2367:Independent Ireland in World War II 1637:Nichols, Peter M. (13 March 1998). 1380:from the original on 27 August 2018 568:Brian Moore (37) Rathbride, Kildare 446:, the Camp became the scene of the 437: 340:(20th Foot), and the 2nd Battalion 13: 1406:from the original on 24 March 2019 1316:from the original on 23 March 2019 1149:from the original on 28 April 2010 1034: 428:Commonwealth War Graves Commission 14: 2388: 1784: 1618:from the original on 3 April 2019 1312:. County Kildare Online History. 1237:"Civil War Internment Collection" 1123:from the original on 16 July 2011 664:for the duration of hostilities. 422:Curragh Camp fire brigade in 1902 1879: 1836: 796:The Curragh Camp is home to the 276:with their pikes in good repair. 266:Where will they have their camp? 55: 1769:. Roberts Rinehart Publishers. 1702: 1676: 1663: 1630: 1588: 1579: 1570: 1561: 1548: 1539: 1514: 1492: 1479: 1453: 1444: 1431: 1418: 1392: 1355: 1328: 1273: 1264: 1255: 1229: 1216: 1191: 1161: 1135: 1109: 1082: 1022: 1006:. Regiments.org. Archived from 996: 620:Internment During the Emergency 336:(18th Foot), the 1st Battalion 131:Central Medical Unit detachment 1866:Defence Forces Training Centre 1461:"The Forgotten Hunger Strikes" 1362:Murphy, Breen Timothy (2010). 914: 893: 884: 837:Defence Forces Training Centre 805:Defence Forces Training Centre 798:Defence Forces Training Centre 196:Longstanding military heritage 1: 2037:St Bricin's Military Hospital 1441:, Mercier Press, Cork, pg 165 1424:O'Farrrell, Padraic, (1997), 848: 120:1 Mechanised Infantry Company 2131:Democratic Republic of Congo 2086:Military Medal for Gallantry 1502:. Dáil Éireann. 27 June 2023 1091:"The Seven Curses of London" 978:"The History of the Curragh" 676:The camp was usually called 636:was again instituted by the 507:Lieutenant General O'Connell 493:Handover to Irish Free State 127:DFTC Military Police company 7: 2377:Internment camps in Ireland 2091:Distinguished Service Medal 1801:Curragh Historical Articles 1169:"Curragh Military Cemetery" 1143:"Curragh Military Cemetery" 825: 413: 233:. In 1783, a review of the 123:1 Armoured Cavalry Squadron 16:Irish army base and college 10: 2393: 1732: 1669:Mansbach, Richard (1973), 1576:Coogan (1994), pp. 147–148 1554:MacEoin, Uinseann (1997), 939:. Dublin: Ordnance Survey. 525: 401:The Seven Curses of London 395:by the English journalist 297:to support efforts in the 204:Annals of the Four Masters 190: 2258:Irish War of Independence 2245: 2214: 2205: 2175: 2154: 2123: 2116: 2073: 2050: 1972: 1951: 1888: 1877: 1848: 1521:Thorne, Kathleen (2019). 1089:Greenwood, James (1869). 1067:10.1080/09612029700200157 780:(IRA) during its 1956–62 650:Emergency Powers Act 1939 594:1923 Irish Hunger Strikes 552:Those who were executed: 479:Irish War of Independence 270:On the Curragh of Kildare 231:Williamite War in Ireland 110: 105: 97: 89: 84: 76: 71: 63: 54: 41: 28: 23: 1712:. Buildings of Ireland. 1485:McKenna, Joseph (2016), 1439:The Civil War in Kildare 1198:Holmes, Richard (2004). 931:Lugard, Henry Williamson 709:acquired any other way." 509:. On Monday evening the 356:, at 1pm and at 9.30pm. 295:Corps of Royal Engineers 268:Says the Shan Van Vocht; 264:Says the Shan Van Vocht; 2246:Battles & Conflicts 1222:McGuffin, John (1973), 518:preserved in the DFTC. 383:Contagious Disease Acts 342:Worcestershire Regiment 319:Edward, Prince of Wales 272:the boys will be there, 225:point for the cause of 221:chose the Curragh as a 2162:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2081:Awards and decorations 2058:Equipment and vehicles 1992:Collins Barracks, Cork 1987:Cathal Brugha Barracks 1974:Bases & Facilities 1796:History of the Curragh 1400:"Civil War Executions" 1337:"Civil War Executions" 1241:Defense Forces Ireland 1053:Women's History Review 800: 727: 718: 711: 700:, peopled entirely by 616: 423: 369: 278: 172: 101:17th century – present 32: 2232:Irish Republican Army 1943:Military Police Corps 1739:Feehan, John (2008). 1585:Coogan (1994), p. 145 1437:Durney, James (2003) 1046:Luddy, Maria (1997). 795: 778:Irish Republican Army 723: 716: 694: 614: 503:Irish Free State Army 421: 367: 258: 250:The Sean-Bhean bhocht 146:Military Police Group 2357:Irish military bases 2333:53.14750°N 6.83306°W 2074:Uniform and Insignia 1373:. pp. 299–301. 1093:. Victorian London. 1029:Irish Military Guide 920:Feehan (2008), p. 44 911:Feehan (2008), p. 50 899:Feehan (2008), p. 53 890:Feehan (2008), p. 42 809:Irish Defence Forces 767:No. 133 Squadron RAF 746:It was also used to 374:Wrens of the Curragh 360:Wrens of the Curragh 338:Lancashire Fusiliers 334:Royal Irish Regiment 185:Irish Defence Forces 106:Garrison information 2329: /  2283:Siege of Jadotville 2222:Óglaigh na hÉireann 2117:Current Deployments 2063:Historical vehicles 2012:Glen of Imaal range 1371:Maynooth University 1287:. 17 September 1921 1243:. Military Archives 1117:"Census of Ireland" 1010:on 28 February 2007 872:on 20 December 2016 788:Modern Curragh Camp 252:. As translated by 2338:53.14750; -6.83306 2032:Sarsfield Barracks 1916:Corps of Engineers 1791:The Curragh Museum 1765:The IRA: a history 1644:The New York Times 801: 771:The Brylcreem Boys 719: 617: 472:Anglo-Irish Treaty 424: 399:in 1867. His book 379:British Parliament 370: 346:Hampshire Regiment 213:Cobthach Cóel Breg 173:Campa an Churraigh 77:Controlled by 33:Campa an Churraigh 2312: 2311: 2308: 2307: 2201: 2200: 2042:Stephens Barracks 1936:Equitation School 1776:978-1-879373-99-0 1750:978-1-905254-24-8 1532:978-0-692-04283-0 706:Máirtín Ó Cadhain 634:Irish Republicans 392:Pall Mall Gazette 161: 160: 134:DFTC Fire service 2384: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2327: 2326: 2325: 2322: 2290:At Tiri Incident 2227:Irish Volunteers 2212: 2211: 2121: 2120: 2027:Renmore Barracks 1997:Custume Barracks 1959:Army Ranger Wing 1952:Specialist Units 1883: 1840: 1830: 1823: 1816: 1807: 1806: 1780: 1768: 1754: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1721: 1706: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1695: 1680: 1674: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1658: 1656: 1634: 1628: 1627: 1625: 1623: 1614:. 28 June 2011. 1604: 1595: 1592: 1586: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1559: 1552: 1546: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1496: 1490: 1483: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1472: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1442: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1416: 1415: 1413: 1411: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1387: 1385: 1379: 1368: 1359: 1353: 1352: 1350: 1348: 1335:A.J. Mullowney. 1332: 1326: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1306: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1277: 1271: 1270:McGuffin, pg 35. 1268: 1262: 1261:McGuffin, pg 34. 1259: 1253: 1252: 1250: 1248: 1233: 1227: 1220: 1214: 1213: 1195: 1189: 1188: 1186: 1184: 1173:Cemetery details 1165: 1159: 1158: 1156: 1154: 1139: 1133: 1132: 1130: 1128: 1113: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1102: 1086: 1080: 1079: 1069: 1043: 1032: 1031:, Major E Whyte 1026: 1020: 1019: 1017: 1015: 1000: 994: 993: 991: 989: 974: 965: 959: 953: 947: 941: 940: 927: 921: 918: 912: 909: 900: 897: 891: 888: 882: 881: 879: 877: 862: 832:Curragh incident 448:Curragh incident 438:Curragh incident 235:Irish Volunteers 153:Army Ranger Wing 117:Military College 72:Site information 59: 50: 35: 21: 20: 2392: 2391: 2387: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2347: 2346: 2337: 2335: 2331: 2328: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2304: 2263:Irish Civil War 2241: 2197: 2171: 2150: 2112: 2069: 2046: 2017:Gormanston Camp 1968: 1947: 1931:Transport Corps 1906:Artillery Corps 1884: 1875: 1844: 1834: 1787: 1777: 1759:Coogan, Tim Pat 1751: 1735: 1730: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1693: 1691: 1688:The Irish Times 1682: 1681: 1677: 1668: 1664: 1654: 1652: 1635: 1631: 1621: 1619: 1606: 1605: 1598: 1594:Thorne, Pg. 329 1593: 1589: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1571: 1566: 1562: 1553: 1549: 1544: 1540: 1533: 1519: 1515: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1484: 1480: 1470: 1468: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1450:Durney, pg 165. 1449: 1445: 1436: 1432: 1423: 1419: 1409: 1407: 1402:. 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Index

The Curragh
County Kildare

DFTC Military Police company
Army Ranger Wing
Irish
The Curragh
County Kildare
Irish Defence Forces
Annals of the Four Masters
Lóegaire Lorc
Cobthach Cóel Breg
Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnel
muster
James II
Williamite War in Ireland
Irish Volunteers
Great Britain was at war with America
1798 Rebellion
The Sean-Bhean bhocht
Padraic Colum
UK
Napoleonic Wars
Corps of Royal Engineers
Crimean War
Queen Victoria
Prince Albert
Edward, Prince of Wales
Windsor Castle
Royal Irish Regiment

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