2162:, and its Gaelic roots, if any, are uncertain. The term in late Classical sources is either specifically linked to raiders from Ireland, or is geographically ambiguous. In sharp contrast, no clear reference pointing to Scotti in Scotland in the Roman period has been found. Despite several references listing different combinations of Picti, Scotti, Hiberni, Attecotti and Saxons together as later Roman Britain's archetypal enemies, it is worth noting that 'Scotti' and 'Hiberni' are never listed together, confirming that they were then, as they were later, alternative names for the Irish or confederations of the Irish. Regardless of the original sense, or its modern popularity, to use the term "Scot" in this context invites confusion.
259:
7483:
7399:
757:(the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures) was the practice in many places. Some areas, most notably Islay, were especially fertile, and good grazing would have been available all year round, just as it was in Ireland. Tiree was famed in later times for its oats and barley, while smaller, uninhabited islands were used to keep sheep. The area, until lately, was notable for its inshore fisheries, and for plentiful shellfish, therefore seafood is likely to have been an important part of the diet.
738:, may well have had as many inhabitants as they do today. Many of the small settlements have now disappeared so that the countryside is far emptier than was formerly the case, and many areas that were formerly farmed are now abandoned. Even the physical landscape is not entirely as it was: sea levels have changed, and the combination of erosion and silting will have considerably altered the shape of the coast in some places, while the natural accumulation of peat and human-made changes from peat-cutting have altered inland landscapes.
687:
60:
965:
679:
5199:
4412:
977:
5644:
9364:
1183:
1608:, and in royal genealogies, but these are rather less reliable than we might wish. The obvious conclusion is that whoever ruled the petty kingdom of Dál Riata after its defeat and conquest in the 730s, only Áed Find and his brother Fergus drew the least attention of the chroniclers in Iona and Ireland. This argues very strongly for Alex Woolf's conclusion that Óengus mac Fergusa "effectively destroyed the kingdom".
846:), branched off from Cenél Loairn about the same time that Cenél Comgaill separated from its parent kindred. The Morvern district was formerly known as Kinelvadon, after the Cenél Báetáin. The Cenél Loairn may have been the largest of the "three kindreds", as the Senchus reports it being divided further into Cenél Shalaig, Cenél Cathbath, Cenél nEchdach, Cenél Murerdaig. Among the Cenél Loairn it also lists the
1416:
King of
Ireland; that the Irish part of Dál Riata would pay tribute to the High King and support him with land forces, and that the Scottish part would be independent but support the High King with its fleet when needed; the removal of Dál Riata from Ulaid's overlordship, allowing it to concentrate on extending its Scottish domain. What is certain is that both parties had the Dál nAraidi as a common foe.
1361:
854:. The meaning of Airgíalla 'hostage givers' adds to the uncertainty, although it must be observed that only one grouping in Ireland was apparently given this name and it is therefore very rare, perhaps supporting the Ui Macc Uais hypothesis. There is no reason to suppose that this is a complete or accurate list.
2320:
Broun, ""Dál Riata", notes that the
Senchus treats the Cenél Loairn differently. In fact, it lists the three (actually four) thirds of the Cenél Loairn as the Cenél Shalaig (or Cenél Fergusa Shalaig), Cenél Cathbath, Cenél nEchdach and Cenél Muiredaig. Even the compiler of the Senchus doubts whether
1299:. Campbell suggests that the medieval accounts were a kind of dynastic propaganda, constructed to bolster a dynasty's claim to the throne and to bolster Dál Riata claims to territory in Antrim. Although this view of the medieval accounts is shared by other historians, his theory has been challenged.
1415:
What was actually discussed at Druim Cett is a matter of debate, with various suggestions that it was: to determine the constitutional status of both parts of Dál Riata; to determine the status of Irish Dál Riata only with it having its own king; that Dál Riata was to become independent of the High
1040:
contains a great deal of historically valuable information. It is also a vital linguistic source indicating the distribution of Gaelic and P-Celtic placenames in northern
Scotland by the end of the 7th century. It famously notes Columba's need for a translator when conversing with an individual on
3021:
Annals of Ulster, s.a. 768: "A battle in
Foirtriu between Aed and Cinaed." It is assumed that Áed Find is the "Aedh" in question, but cf. the Annals of the Four Masters, s.a. 763—corresponding with anno 768 in the Annals of Ulster—where it is reported: "A battle was fought between the Leinstermen
1099:
As well as their primary spiritual importance, the political significance of religious centres cannot be dismissed. The prestige of being associated with the saintly founder was of no small importance. Monasteries represented a source of wealth as well as prestige. Additionally, the learning and
1500:
of the
Northern Uí Néill and resulted in Irish Dál Riata losing possession of its Scottish lands. A battle had also taken place at sea at Sailtír, off Kintyre, in 637. This defeat was then attributed as divine retribution for Domnall Brecc turning his back on his prior alliance. Domnall Brecc's
1583:
are found contesting for the kingship of Dál Riata. The long period of instability in Dál Riata was only ended by the conquest of the kingdom by Óengus mac
Fergusa, king of the Picts, in the 730s. After the third campaign by Óengus in 741, Dál Riata then disappears from the Irish records for a
1603:
in 781. The Annals of Ulster say that a certain
Donncoirche, "king of Dál Riata" died in 792, and there the record ends. Any number of theories have been advanced to fill the missing generations, none of which are founded on any very solid evidence. A number of kings are named in the
1697:
and the natives, like those divisions that took place elsewhere in
Ireland and Britain, with the Norse controlling most of the islands, and the Gaels controlling the Scottish coast and the more southerly islands. In turn, Woolf suggests that this gave rise to the terms
1110:
was probably at least begun at Iona, although not by
Columba as legend has it, as it dates from about 800 A.D. (It may have been commissioned to mark the bicentennial of Columba's death in 597). Whether it was or not, Iona was certainly important in the formation of
550:
led campaigns against Dál Riata and brought it under
Pictish overlordship by 741. There is disagreement over the fate of the kingdom from the late 8th century onwards. Some scholars have seen no revival of Dál Riatan power after the long period of foreign domination
1473:, killed the Dál Riata king as well as three grandsons of Áedán mac Gabráin. It is suggested to have been an achievement that Dál Riata itself survived this battle. That same year the Cenél Conaill defeated Congal Cáech at the battle of Dún Ceithirn.
1567:, the later history of Dál Riata has tended to be seen as a prelude to future triumphs. The annals make it clear that the Cenél Gabraín lost any earlier monopoly of royal power in the late 7th century and in the 8th, when Cenél Loairn kings such as
951:
manned by skilled sailors, capable of undertaking far-reaching expeditions. It had an organised system for manning the fleet. Houses were grouped into twenties for the purpose of naval recruitment, with each group having to provide a quota of 28
1512:
This defeat shattered the power of Dál Riata as well as that of Dál nAraidi, allowing the Northern Uí Néill to become the dominant force in the north of Ireland. By the 10th century, the Irish lands of Dál Riata were under the control of the
1658:
If the Vikings had a great impact on Pictland and in Ireland, in Dál Riata, as in Northumbria, they appear to have entirely replaced the existing kingdom with a new entity. In the case of Dál Riata, this was to be known as the
1419:
This pact between the Dál Riata and Cenél Conaill was successful, first in defeating Báetan mac Cairill, king of the Dál nAraidi, then in allowing Áedán to campaign widely against his neighbours, as far afield as
837:
The Senchus does not list any kindreds in Ireland, but does list an apparently very minor kindred called Cenél Chonchride in Islay descended from another son of Erc, Fergus Becc. Another kindred, Cenél Báetáin of
1044:
Columba's founding Iona within the bounds of Dál Riata ensured that the kingdom would be of great importance in the spread of Christianity in northern Britain, not only to Pictland, but also to Northumbria, via
575:) was king of Dál Riata before becoming king of the Picts in 843, following a disastrous defeat of the Picts by Vikings. The kingdom's independence ended sometime after, as it merged with Pictland to form the
725:
The modern human landscape of Dál Riata differs a great deal from that of the first millennium. Most people today live in settlements far larger than anything known in early times, while some areas, such as
1270:
conquering Britain. Traditionally, the presence of Gaelic in Scotland has been seen as the result of either a migration from Ireland, or a takeover by Irish Gaelic elites. However, in his academic paper
2963:
See Bannerman, "Scottish Takeover", pp. 76–77. If Charles-Edwards and Byrne are correct as to the loss of lands in Antrim after Mag Rath, it is not obvious how Bannerman's thesis can be accommodated.
2224:
2055:
The inhabitants of what is now Co. Antrim, Ireland, were known as the Scots, a name they transported to what is now Argyll and the adjacent islands where they established the kingdom of Dál Riata.
1165:
In addition to the monastic sites, a considerable number of churches are attested, not only from archaeological evidence, but also from the evidence of place names. The element "kil", from Gaelic
928:. This, and the difficulty of overland travel, meant that travel by sea was the easiest means of moving any distance. As well as long-distance trade, local trade must also have been significant.
2404:, II, 22, and note 258, where a certain Ioan mac Conaill mac Domnaill is said to have belonged to "the royal lineage of Cenél nGabráin". See also the discussion of the Cenél Loairn above.
9439:
1536:
The after-effect of the Battle of Moira (Mag Rath) in regards to Scottish Dál Riata appears to have resulted in its becoming tributary to Northumbrian kings, which lasted until the
1560:
crushing Dál Riata in 740. Whether this means that the tributary relationship had not ended in 685, or if Eadberht sought only to prevent the growth of Pictish power, is unclear.
59:
6850:
9414:
8554:
1306:
postulated that Scottish Dál Riata came about in two stages. He conjectured that Irish settlements were founded in Argyll at the time of Irish raids on Britain, during the
1400:
prince, negotiated an alliance between Dál Riata and the Cenél Conaill, who were the ruling dynasty of the Northern Uí Néill, in 575 at the Convention of Druim Cett near
1291:. This hypothetical separation allowed a shared language to be maintained through the centuries; Argyll remained Gaelic-speaking while the rest of Scotland spoke either
5604:
1789:(1954), a young Roman officer searches to recover the lost Roman eagle standard of his father's legion in the northern part of Great Britain. The story is based on the
850:, although whether this should be understood as being Irish settlers or simply another tribe to whom the label was applied is unclear. Bannerman proposes a tie to the
273:
234:
651:
wrote that the kingdom was named after its founder, a man called Reuda. Some Old Gaelic texts say that the kingdom was named after the Corcu Réti, descendants of
1392:. Dál Riata reached its greatest extent in the reign of Áedán mac Gabráin, who was said to have been consecrated by Columba, to whom Áedán granted the island of
1279:
says that there is no archaeological or placename evidence of a migration or takeover. This lack of archaeological evidence was previously noted by Professor
1024:
implies a Christian Dál Riata. Whether this is true cannot be known. The figure of Columba looms large in any history of Christianity in Dál Riata. Adomnán's
1283:. Campbell suggests that Argyll and Antrim formed a "maritime province", united by the sea and isolated from the rest of Scotland by the mountains of the
2129:
offers an alternative reconstruction, and one which has attracted considerable support, e.g. Clancy, "Iona in the kingdom of the Picts: a note", Woolf,
1447:
603. Æthelfrith's brother was among the dead, but Áedán was defeated, and the Bernician kings continued their advances in southern Scotland. Áedán died
1057:
of the Northern Uí Néill, and not to Dál Riata, it had close ties to the Cenél nGabráin, ties which may make the annals less than entirely impartial.
8547:
1310:. Later, as these settlements became economically and politically more significant than the home territory, its rulers moved from Ireland to Argyll.
571:
raids in Dál Riata. In the following century, there may have been a merger of the Dál Riatan and Pictish crowns. Some sources say Cináed mac Ailpín (
1325:. "The thriving of Dalriada", pp. 47–50, notes a later conquest of Irish Dál Riata from Scotland, in the period after the fall of Emain Macha.
851:
9444:
881:
and many moulds for the manufacture of jewellery were found in addition to fortifications. Other high-status materials included glassware and wine
3728:
1722:
of Dál Riata had moved from the south-west of the region (north of the Firths) to the north, east and north-east, with Cenel Loairn moving up the
9419:
7829:
5089:
3808:
1462:(died 626), Dál nAraidi over-king of Ulaid, was overlord of both parts of Dál Riata. Fiachnae campaigned against the Northumbrians, and besieged
9160:
2392:, i.e. the Cenél Gartnait, from Ireland to Skye. This Gartnait is presumed to be a son of Áedán mac Gabraín: see Broun, "Dál Riata". Bannerman,
9409:
1638:, and it is suggested that there was a merger of the Dál Riatan and Pictish kingships. Traditionally, this is attributed to Cináed mac Ailpín (
3012:
The titles alone of John Bannerman's "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland" and Richard Sharpe's "The thriving of Dalriada" tell their own story.
694:
Dál Riata spanned the North Channel and included parts of western Scotland and north-eastern Ireland. In Scotland, it corresponded roughly to
1776:, the Dál Riada undergo an internal struggle for control of royal succession, and an external conflict to defend their frontiers against the
1126:
For other arts, a number of sculptures remain to give an impression of Dál Riatan work. The St. Martin's Cross on Iona is the well-preserved
1041:
Skye. This evidence of a non-Gaelic language is supported by a sprinkling of P-Celtic placenames on the remote mainland opposite the island.
1088:, said to have been the first bishop at Armoy. An important early centre, Armoy later declined, overshadowed by the monasteries at Movilla (
8540:
9404:
7583:
7432:
2708:
9384:
7852:
7608:
1552:
in 685. It is not certain that this subjection ended in 685, although this is usually assumed to be the case. However, it appears that
1341:
1642:), who became king of the Picts in about 843. Some sources say that Cináed was king of Dál Riata for two years before this. Under the
7335:
5302:
5273:
386:
2660:
2608:
2562:
See, for example, Broun, "Dál Riata"; for the evidence of place-names as an indicator of Ionan influence, see Taylor, "Iona abbots".
7625:
7593:
1064:, in the territory of the Cenél Loairn, was sufficiently important for the death of its abbots to be recorded with some frequency.
2076:
7355:
7345:
1840:
television series, the pub where the Light Fae and the Dark Fae mingle is called the Dal Riata, named after the ancient kingdom.
8563:
7958:
7645:
7603:
7375:
7360:
7350:
3858:
897:, at the southern end of Kintyre, in the lands of the Cenél nGabráin. The main royal centre in Ireland appears to have been at
9424:
7953:
7696:
7598:
7365:
5749:
3751:
3388:
3256:
2090:
2026:
7893:
1344:
have also been suggested as ancestral. Ultimately, the Dál Riata, according to the earliest genealogies, are descendants of
9394:
7796:
4362:
9429:
9399:
7822:
7711:
7660:
7370:
9153:
8171:
4448:
1860:
was made in Scotland, with a story based loosely on the first king of the Scots. It was released to home media in 2017.
7706:
3745:
2048:
670:
in 1891, was named after Dál Riata because its outcrop has a similar geographical reach to that of the former kingdom.
7655:
7613:
7462:
6833:
6646:
3645:
3622:
3608:
3591:
3577:
3560:
3540:
3516:
3502:
3479:
3465:
3448:
3425:
3411:
3345:
3331:
3317:
3303:
3294:
Broun, Dauvit, "Pictish Kings 761–839: Integration with Dál Riata or Separate Development" in Sally M. Foster (ed.),
3286:
3239:
3225:
3208:
3191:
2670:
1977:
1962:
1914:
1820:
figure prominently in a Royal marriage and subsequent alliance with France (known in the series as "Terre d'Ange").
7472:
7467:
1972:
1967:
1793:'s supposed disappearance in the Scottish Highlands near the end of the Roman occupation. The novel was adapted by
987:
No written accounts exist for pre-Christian Dál Riata, and the earliest-known records come from the chroniclers of
9449:
8719:
8614:
7630:
7425:
5825:
5235:
3780:
1525:
It has been proposed that some of the more obscure kings of Dál Riata mentioned in the Annals of Ulster, such as
9094:
7815:
7620:
5134:
4986:
2941:
See Cumméne's "Life of Columba" quoted in Sharpe's edition of Adomnán, Book III, Chapter 5, and notes 360, 362.
1957:
1032:. Because the writing of the lives of the saints in Adomnán's day had not reached the stylised formulas of the
64:
Satellite image of Scotland and Northern Ireland showing the approximate greatest extent of Dál Riata (shaded).
9459:
9146:
1902:. The game will also use Dál Riata to refer to the Duchy of the Isles whenever the realm's top liege is Irish
7701:
6816:
4237:
3703:
3039:, but nothing of Dál Riata except reports of the death of Áed, s.a. 771, and of his brother Fergus, s.a. 778.
2797:
1844:
9169:
8694:
5129:
1927:
1216:
offers another, and probably older, account wherein Dál Riata was conquered by Irish Gaels led by a certain
8704:
8121:
7989:
7943:
7686:
7665:
7089:
3833:
3698:, Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress
2481:, pp. 148–154 for an analysis of Adomnán's reports, and those in the annals, dealing with maritime matters.
1307:
1231:
founder. Bede's tale may come from the same root as the Irish tales of Cairpre Riata and his brothers, the
8458:
2400:, king of the Picts. No such son is named by Adomnán, in the annals, or by the Senchus. See also Adomnán,
1469:
In 629, the Dál Riata suffered significant losses at the battle of Fid Euin where the Dál nAraidi, led by
1437:
7441:
6289:
5549:
7898:
1619:, was king of Dál Riata from 811 to 835. He was apparently followed by the last named king of Dál Riata
9354:
9245:
8594:
8579:
8085:
7670:
7650:
7635:
7418:
6860:
6735:
6340:
6309:
5689:
5184:
4136:
3973:
3969:
3213:
3032:
2689:, pp. 136–137, deals with Dál Riatan arts at greater length; see also Ritchie, "Culture: Picto-Celtic".
1772:
5018:
4901:
4308:
599:. Later, it came to refer to Gaels, whether from Ireland or elsewhere. They are referred to herein as
9295:
8686:
8428:
8186:
7918:
7913:
7780:
6821:
6656:
6284:
4278:
3526:
3230:
Bannerman, John, "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland" in Dauvit Broun & Thomas Owen Clancy (eds.)
1580:
1459:
502:
574–608). During his reign Dál Riata's power and influence grew; it carried out naval expeditions to
35:
17:
9336:
9270:
9205:
7517:
6621:
1612:
1526:
492:
9265:
9071:
8654:
8589:
8571:
8496:
8448:
7948:
7588:
7161:
6595:
6571:
5897:
5159:
4825:
4038:
2397:
1169:, can be shown in many cases to be associated with early churches, such as at Kilmartin by Dunadd.
9195:
8993:
8973:
5039:
4966:
4343:
4303:
3627:
Taylor, Simon, "Seventh-century Iona abbots in Scottish place-names" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
2780:
2249:
2114:
1843:
In Jules Watson's Dalriada Trilogy (2006–2008), three centuries are chronicled during the time of
1616:
1252:
779:
595:), a name originally used by Roman and Greek writers for the Irish Gaels who raided and colonised
8779:
8024:
7765:
7718:
6872:
6520:
6066:
5780:
5599:
5489:
5179:
4991:
4833:
4705:
4590:
3935:
3868:
3853:
3268:
The excavation of an Early Christian rath with later medieval occupation at Drumadoon, Co. Antrim
3022:
themselves, namely, between Cinaech, son of Flann, and Aedh, at Foirtrinn, where Aedh was slain."
2990:
2759:, pp. 18–19. Neither Smyth nor Laing & Laing accept the migration theory without reservation.
1553:
1545:
4441:
3484:
Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Iona: monks, pastors and missionaries" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
3368:
2796:
Wolfe, A. (2012) "Ancient Kindred? Dál Riata and the Cruthin" In: academia.edu. Available from
1328:
Linguistic and genealogical evidence associates ancestors of the Dál Riata with the prehistoric
889:, and in larger quantities than found elsewhere in Britain and Ireland. Lesser centres included
480:. Iona was a centre of learning and produced many important manuscripts. Dál Riata had a strong
9331:
9260:
9240:
9190:
9084:
8254:
8136:
7968:
7775:
7567:
7340:
7259:
7222:
6294:
5579:
5574:
4996:
4976:
4259:
4131:
3965:
3878:
3818:
1828:
1785:
1715:
1549:
1489:
1389:
1248:
1104:
826:
800:
515:
9300:
9235:
8998:
7923:
7482:
4961:
4798:
30:"Dalriada" redirects here. For the neighbouring Irish kingdom sometimes called Dalaradia, see
8880:
8372:
8328:
7933:
7838:
7749:
7640:
7557:
7106:
6921:
6666:
6566:
5937:
5775:
5754:
5144:
4921:
4288:
4008:
3946:
2999:
1947:
1799:
9285:
8629:
8377:
4951:
4328:
4013:
2396:, pp. 92–94, identifies this Gartnait as a son of Áedán, whom he sees as the same person as
1576:
1405:
9275:
9056:
8822:
8709:
8649:
8403:
8070:
8045:
7963:
7908:
7872:
7770:
7542:
7249:
7121:
6855:
6505:
5902:
5820:
5629:
5554:
4873:
4392:
4313:
4124:
4119:
3873:
3848:
3813:
2338:, p. 110, dates the separation of the Cenél Comgaill from the Cenél nGabráin to around 700.
2122:
1942:
1883:
1660:
1572:
1509:, for as late as the 730s, armies and fleets from Dál Riata fought alongside the Uí Néill.
1502:
1485:
1409:
266:
8988:
8215:
1831:
series, the non-born Aiken Drum's homeworld is an ethnic Scottish planet called Dalriada.
8:
9290:
9225:
9200:
8260:
8226:
8090:
8080:
8075:
7691:
7562:
7398:
7136:
7005:
6935:
6916:
6895:
6828:
6651:
6525:
6345:
6330:
6325:
6279:
6254:
5927:
5815:
5800:
5614:
5433:
5228:
4618:
4151:
4033:
3956:
3888:
3843:
3773:
2746:, death of Comgall s.a. 538, also s.a. 542, s.a. 545, death of Gabrán s.a. 558, s.a. 560.
1937:
1864:
1611:
It is unlikely that Dál Riata was ruled directly by Pictish kings, but it is argued that
1506:
1493:
1441:
1296:
1159:
1093:
785:
771:
762:
711:
531:
473:
425:
417:
252:
93:
27:
Gaelic kingdom that included parts of western Scotland and northeastern Ulster in Ireland
8014:
6535:
4003:
3433:
St Columba and the convention at Druimm Cete: peace and politics at seventh-century Iona
2325:
founders Fergus Shalaig, Cathbad, Eochaid and Muiredach were all sons of Loarn mac Eirc.
1497:
1432:. Áedán appears to have been very successful in extending his power, until he faced the
1313:
The time in which Dál Riata arose was one of great instability in Ulster, following the
9313:
9061:
9050:
9039:
9024:
8807:
8792:
8787:
8659:
8423:
8408:
8313:
8208:
8009:
7928:
7502:
7302:
7033:
6926:
6890:
6811:
6766:
6661:
6487:
6378:
6335:
6264:
6071:
5846:
5609:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5494:
5351:
5307:
5154:
4981:
4580:
4537:
4387:
4298:
4048:
3709:
3350:
2118:
1751:
1739:
1676:
1600:
1541:
1284:
1154:, it has been argued, shows that influences also moved in the opposite direction. Fine
1072:
on Bute are also known to have been monastic sites, and many smaller sites, such as on
1000:
766:
lists three main kin groups in Dál Riata in Scotland, with a fourth being added later:
9389:
8699:
8532:
8176:
4930:
4926:
4434:
3383:, The New Edinburgh History of Scotland, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
2886:
401:. After a period of expansion, Dál Riata eventually became associated with the Gaelic
9029:
9003:
8639:
8443:
8438:
8303:
8095:
8065:
8029:
7734:
7552:
7547:
7457:
7166:
7141:
7131:
6867:
6840:
6721:
6576:
6561:
6556:
6515:
6510:
6415:
6304:
6259:
6249:
6241:
5912:
5866:
5856:
5697:
5524:
5504:
5463:
5094:
5001:
4941:
4555:
4358:
3998:
3961:
3641:
3618:
3604:
3587:
3573:
3556:
3536:
3512:
3498:
3475:
3461:
3444:
3421:
3407:
3396:
3384:
3376:
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Philosopher King: Nechtan mac Der Ilei," SHR 83 (2004): 135–149
3364:
3353:, "Columba, Adomnán and the Cult of Saints in Scotland" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
3341:
3327:
3313:
3299:
3282:
3252:
3235:
3221:
3204:
3196:
3187:
3036:
2666:
2173:
2086:
2044:
2022:
2004:
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Philosopher King: Nechtan mac Der Ilei," SHR 83 (2004): 135–149
1875:
1808:
1767:
1727:
1377:
1061:
177:
97:
9341:
9185:
9014:
8978:
8865:
3246:
1620:
877:
appears to have been the most important. It has been partly excavated, and weapons,
652:
441:
9326:
9230:
9099:
9089:
8802:
8797:
8754:
8739:
8734:
8599:
8453:
8413:
8351:
8275:
8181:
8126:
8019:
7739:
7532:
7195:
7156:
7111:
7098:
7018:
6997:
6900:
6845:
6530:
6350:
6269:
6081:
5861:
5795:
5685:
5564:
5559:
5529:
5499:
5453:
5415:
5281:
4522:
4338:
4283:
4078:
3838:
3296:
The St Andrews Sarcophagus: A Pictish masterpiece and its international connections
2994:
2743:
2633:
1982:
1813:
1790:
1639:
1292:
1139:
1033:
1028:, although useful as a record, was not intended to serve as history, but rather as
870:
667:
572:
398:
331:
299:
160:
8900:
4916:
4881:
3903:
1397:
1054:
741:
As was normal at the time, subsistence farming was the occupation of most people.
9368:
9127:
9079:
8769:
8764:
8749:
8676:
8634:
8624:
8506:
8491:
8463:
8433:
8418:
8398:
8242:
8236:
8151:
8055:
7497:
7238:
7176:
7116:
7079:
7051:
7013:
6978:
6958:
6741:
6731:
6716:
6603:
6410:
6274:
6037:
5892:
5851:
5841:
5680:
5619:
5539:
5534:
5519:
5514:
5427:
5169:
4853:
4723:
4373:
4333:
4141:
4094:
4057:
3977:
3929:
3924:
3828:
3565:
2816:, pp. 9–10; Broun, "Dál Riata"; Clancy, "Ireland"; Forsyth, "Origins", pp. 13–17.
1906:
1856:
1817:
1691:
1664:
1647:
1599:. At his death in 778, Áed Find is called "king of Dál Riata", as is his brother
1564:
1372:
By the mid-6th century, the Dál Riata in Scotland came under serious threat from
1244:
1197:
1143:
1116:
890:
862:
686:
576:
457:
437:
402:
8958:
8933:
8845:
4956:
4906:
4687:
4204:
3741:
3521:Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, "Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the ninth century" in
2177:, p. 5, for a parody of the confusion the word "Scot" engenders in this context.
1501:
policy appears to have died with him in 642, at his final, and fatal, defeat by
1481:
1470:
1336:, suggesting kinship with the Ulaid and a number of shadowy kingdoms in distant
1236:
1123:
and Pictish elements into a style of which the book of Kells is a late example.
1060:
If Iona was the greatest religious centre in Dál Riata, it was far from unique.
796:
9454:
9434:
9122:
9044:
9034:
8963:
8910:
8812:
8744:
8714:
8671:
8644:
8521:
8231:
8221:
7999:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7512:
7277:
7267:
7243:
7190:
7146:
7061:
7041:
7023:
6968:
6963:
6931:
6776:
6756:
6581:
6482:
6461:
6456:
6093:
6027:
6022:
6011:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5790:
5785:
5744:
5671:
5657:
5569:
5544:
5509:
5468:
5458:
5394:
5381:
5321:
5265:
5257:
5248:
5221:
5202:
4971:
4628:
4415:
4293:
4175:
4084:
4023:
3988:
3941:
3893:
3883:
3803:
3766:
3570:
The Safeguard of the Sea. A Naval History of Great Britain, volume one 660–1649
3048:
See the discussion in Broun, "Pictish Kings", where another theory is advanced.
2826:
2662:
The Book of Kells: reproductions from the manuscript in Trinity College, Dublin
2477:, note 72, where a trading fleet of 50 ships is mentioned; see also Bannerman,
1887:
1681:
1643:
1267:
1205:
1131:
1004:
812:
789:
727:
511:
433:
374:
294:
9280:
8948:
8928:
8923:
7410:
5124:
4946:
4654:
4223:
4208:
3066:
Broun, "Pictish Kings", passim; Clancy, "Caustantín son of Fergus (Uurguist)."
2269:, pp. 10–20, for a short discussion of the geography of Dál Riata in Scotland.
1706:, respectively, "the coast of the Gaels" and the "Islands of the foreigners".
1381:
1240:
1232:
1085:
656:
632:
538:(died 642) ended Dál Riata's "golden age", and the kingdom became a client of
31:
9378:
9220:
9210:
9117:
9008:
8968:
8895:
8860:
8729:
8664:
8619:
8516:
8501:
8486:
8473:
8382:
8356:
8341:
8293:
8156:
7994:
7877:
7074:
7046:
6953:
6945:
6687:
6639:
6425:
6373:
6102:
6042:
6032:
5932:
5907:
5693:
5164:
5025:
4718:
4517:
4502:
4397:
4377:
4254:
4163:
4089:
3951:
2373:
2082:
1932:
1891:
1747:
1694:
1690:
has suggested that there occurred a formal division of Dál Riata between the
1624:
1477:
1322:
1303:
1280:
1276:
1192:
1155:
1151:
1107:
1081:
992:
981:
933:
843:
719:
715:
707:
644:
596:
535:
394:
9180:
8983:
8870:
4191:
3714:
3487:
Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Religious life: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
1514:
1201:
527:
491:(Fergus the Great) in the 5th century. The kingdom reached its height under
488:
145:
9255:
9250:
8885:
8875:
8511:
8336:
8166:
8141:
7984:
7938:
7392:
7185:
6973:
6497:
6451:
6390:
6299:
6076:
6054:
6047:
5484:
5409:
5399:
5331:
5119:
5061:
4911:
4843:
4838:
4746:
4644:
4600:
4575:
4492:
4381:
4323:
4071:
4018:
3545:
3453:
3356:
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Church institutions: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
3274:
2072:
1794:
1568:
1345:
1008:
964:
940:
were used. Large timber ships, called "long ships", perhaps similar to the
822:
808:
804:
754:
519:
4547:
4231:
4167:
2798:
https://www.academia.edu/1502702/Ancient_Kindred_Dal_Riata_and_the_Cruthin
1563:
Since it has been thought that Dál Riata swallowed Pictland to create the
1318:
1317:'s loss of territory (including the ancient centre of Emain Macha) to the
1100:
literacy found in monasteries served as useful tools for ambitious kings.
847:
678:
636:
9215:
9109:
9019:
8004:
7903:
7307:
7292:
6693:
6612:
6420:
6405:
6395:
6368:
6194:
6147:
6059:
5805:
5422:
5326:
5213:
5099:
5056:
4936:
4858:
4820:
4803:
4790:
4700:
4695:
4608:
4487:
4181:
4171:
4111:
3983:
2989:
Continuation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History (trans. Sellar), s.a. 740;
1777:
1755:
1429:
1112:
1089:
1046:
1029:
996:
921:
898:
878:
750:
539:
507:
477:
465:
9308:
8890:
7807:
5962:
5728:
3490:
Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Conversion to Christianity" in Lynch (2001).
3402:
Forsyth, Katherine, "Origins: Scotland to 1100" in Jenny Wormald (ed.),
3155:
1895:
1592:
1557:
1484:, to renounce this alliance. In an attempt to have himself installed as
1476:
Dál Riata remained allied with the Northern Uí Néill until the reign of
560:
547:
9318:
8759:
8298:
7744:
7230:
7218:
6671:
6635:
6435:
6400:
6360:
5952:
5714:
5705:
5139:
5032:
4728:
4713:
4585:
4560:
4532:
4497:
3863:
3633:
1871:
1824:
1723:
1687:
1635:
1530:
1263:
1147:
1130:, probably inspired by Northumbrian free-standing crosses, such as the
1127:
1120:
1065:
976:
830:
469:
5109:
3472:
The Kingdom of the Isles: Scotland's Western Seaboard, c. 1100–c. 1336
3203:, volume 1. Reprinted with corrections. Paul Watkins, Stamford, 1990.
1952:
1754:, and another lesser-known kindred, Cenel Conaing, probably moving to
1227:
means 'portion' or 'share', and is usually followed by the name of an
1014:
563:(736–778). Some even claim that the Dál Riata usurped the kingship of
9138:
8953:
8855:
8584:
8481:
8346:
8308:
8248:
8131:
6630:
5737:
4639:
4613:
4527:
4318:
4227:
4159:
4064:
3898:
2626:
2110:
1836:
1221:
925:
909:
894:
866:
663:
624:
481:
461:
389:. At its height in the 6th and 7th centuries, it covered what is now
83:
8840:
5942:
5643:
3993:
3736:
3511:. B.T. Batsford, London, 1976. Reprinted, Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2001.
1349:
1262:
was long accepted, although it is preceded by the fictional tale of
1182:
534:
in 603. Serious defeats in Ireland and Scotland during the reign of
8724:
8604:
8288:
8265:
8161:
8146:
8060:
7537:
7507:
7287:
6751:
6204:
6159:
6123:
6111:
5957:
5917:
5732:
5724:
5719:
5701:
5624:
5361:
5356:
5341:
4863:
4754:
4570:
4565:
4482:
3599:
Sharpe, Richard, "The thriving of Dalriada" in Simon Taylor (ed.),
3359:
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Iona in the kingdom of the Picts: a note" in
2155:
1466:, and the Dál Riatans are thought to have fought in this campaign.
1463:
1433:
1401:
1373:
1080:
was the main ecclesiastical centre in early times, associated with
1069:
944:
932:
were probably the most common seagoing craft, and on inland waters
523:
449:
378:
370:
304:
119:
5972:
4185:
4028:
8943:
8938:
8318:
8283:
8202:
8111:
7527:
7297:
7272:
7151:
7126:
6761:
6726:
6699:
6626:
6608:
6199:
6135:
5759:
5389:
5366:
5149:
5066:
4759:
4677:
4667:
4662:
3141:
2078:
A History of Britain 1: 3000 BC-AD 1603 At the Edge of the World?
1743:
1731:
1672:
1628:
1596:
1537:
1425:
1337:
1020:
947:, are attested to in a variety of sources. Dál Riata had a large
937:
929:
882:
839:
775:
564:
456:
is believed to have been its capital. Other royal forts included
421:
382:
104:
3661:
3142:"Fellowship Film - Scottish Independent Film Production Company"
3003:, manuscript D, which reports the burning of York, see also 741.
2709:
Revealed: carved footprint marking Scotland's birth is a replica
1734:, one branch of Cenel nGabhrain occupying the district known as
1247:
to something nearer to history with the reports of the death of
8918:
8850:
8116:
7282:
7069:
6851:
Constitutional status of Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles
6771:
6746:
6710:
6704:
6617:
6540:
6466:
6385:
5887:
5371:
5316:
5114:
5104:
4848:
4780:
4769:
4741:
4733:
4672:
4512:
4507:
4457:
4214:
4196:
3596:
Sellar, W.D.H., "Gaelic laws and institutions" in Lynch (2001).
2322:
2303:, vols. 7 (1966) – 9 (1971); earlier translations in Anderson,
2021:
pp. 161–162, edited by Michael Lynch, Oxford University Press.
1899:
1735:
1421:
1333:
1329:
1228:
1135:
1050:
953:
941:
917:
913:
874:
858:
746:
695:
568:
503:
453:
390:
73:
3232:
Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots. Saint Columba, Iona and Scotland
349:
8830:
8609:
6171:
5977:
5922:
5810:
5404:
5346:
5336:
5294:
5244:
5174:
5084:
4764:
4368:
4219:
3919:
3789:
2980:, pp. 116–118; Sharpe, "The thriving of Dalriada", pp. 60–61.
2254:
The Glynns: Journal of The Glens of Antrim Historical Society
1385:
1365:
1314:
1077:
1053:, and beyond. Although the monastery of Iona belonged to the
818:
735:
731:
591:
582:
543:
487:
Dál Riata is said to have been founded by the legendary king
445:
429:
413:
367:
239:
109:
3077:
Scotland: The Making and Unmaking of the Nation, c.1100–1707
2196:
The Archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland: c.AD 400-1200
2041:
The Archaeology of Celtic Britain and Ireland c. AD 400–1200
1068:, probably in Pictish territory for most of the period, and
6430:
5967:
5947:
5882:
5710:
3266:
McSparron, Cormac; Williams, Brian; Bourke, Cormac (2009).
1452:
1393:
1360:
1213:
1073:
988:
969:
948:
886:
703:
648:
409:
358:
352:
126:
2000:
1998:
1186:
Footprint (replica) used in king-making ceremonies, Dunadd
585:
sources often referred to the inhabitants of Dál Riata as
4426:
2609:"The Book of Kells: Medieval Europe's greatest treasure?"
857:
Four sites in Dál Riata may have had royal associations:
742:
631:
is part of the names of other Irish territories, such as
337:
9440:
States and territories disestablished in the 9th century
3758:
3650:
Woolf, Alex, "Nobility: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
3373:
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Ireland: to 1100" in Lynch (2001).
2413:
L. Alcock, "Early historic fortifications in Scotland",
1595:
may appear in 768, fighting against the Pictish king of
617:
8562:
3636:, "Age of Sea-Kings: 900–1300", in Donald Omand (ed.),
3497:. Dublin, 1921. Reprinted Academy Press, Dublin, 1981.
3265:
3186:, tr. & ed. Richard Sharpe. Penguin, London, 1995.
1995:
1868:
476:
throughout northern Britain, and in the development of
3722:
9415:
States and territories established in the 6th century
9352:
6163:
3665:
2540:, is essential reading on Columba, Iona and Scotland.
1905:
Dalriada is the name of a Hungarian folk metal band,
1404:. In attendance were Columba, Áedán mac Gabráin, and
1150:
appears to show strong Pictish influences, while the
6549:
3731:
of excavations associated with Lane & Campbell,
3399:, "Languages of Scotland, pre-1100" in Lynch (2001).
3324:
Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2109:—present this case, arguing that Pictish kings from
1714:
Woolf has further demonstrated that, by the time of
1684:, the seaward part of Dál Riata, by Vikings in 847.
1380:, whilst the Irish portion faced hostility from the
1212:(Scotland) in around 500 AD. The 8th-century writer
355:
346:
340:
334:
2038:
1653:
1520:
1451:608 aged about 70. Dál Riata did expand to include
1396:off the coast of Scotland. Columba, who was also a
995:, Dál Riata kings thought they were descended from
343:
3601:Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297
2014:
2012:
2010:
1783:In Rosemary Sutcliff's historical adventure novel
1388:, resulting in their seeking the aid of the Irish
1076:and Tiree, are known from the annals. In Ireland,
702:, "coast of the Gaels") and later grew to include
655:. Another legend says that it was named after one
468:. Within Dál Riata was the important monastery of
2860:
2600:
2551:Scottish Placenames: Their study and significance
2376:appears to refer to a "Cenél nÓengusa" in Antrim.
2146:, pp. 159–160, considers whether the Latin terms
1912:The Dalriada is the name of a raid introduced in
1671:in Gaelic) in the middle of the 9th century. The
1196:(Song of the Scots) tells that the three sons of
559:750–760), while others have seen a revival under
9376:
3418:Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland
3393:Cowan, E.J., "Economy: to 1100" in Lynch (2001).
1806:In the Kushiel novels (a series, beginning with
1480:, who was persuaded by the king of Dál nAraidi,
7440:
5090:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
3809:Pre-Norman invasion Irish Celtic kinship groups
3201:Early Sources of Scottish History A.D. 500–1286
2954:, p. 114; Annals of the Four Masters, s.a. 728.
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2665:. New York, USA: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 221.
2007:
1850:A feature-length fantasy film previously named
393:("Coast of the Gaels") in Scotland and part of
3553:The Sea Road: A Viking Voyage through Scotland
3277:, "Aedán mac Gabráin" in Michael Lynch (ed.),
1455:, possibly conquered by Áedán's son Gartnait.
1134:, although a similar cross exists in Ireland (
792:, who claimed descent from Óengus Mór mac Eirc
9154:
8548:
7823:
7426:
6127:
5229:
4442:
3774:
3630:Taylor, Simon, "Place names" in Lynch (2001).
3363:, volume 55, number 1, 2004, pp. 73–76.
3092:. Edinburgh University Press, 2007. pp. 95–96
2976:, notes 360, 362; Broun, "Dál Riata"; Smyth,
2532:As well as Sharpe's translation of Adomnán's
825:, a later addition, who claimed descent from
6115:
3548:, "Rural society: medieval" in Lynch (2001).
3220:. Scottish Academic Press, Edinburgh, 1974.
2893:
2762:
2225:"Grampian Highlands: geological foundations"
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
1646:, Dál Riata and Pictland merged to form the
1634:In the 9th century, the Picts were becoming
1496:in 637, which saw Congal slain by High King
1364:Map of Dál Riata at its height, c. 580–600.
1162:is believed to have been created at Dunadd.
6175:
6139:
3291:Broun, Dauvit, "Dál Riata" in Lynch (2001).
3118:Woolf, Alex. "Age of Sea-Kings", pp. 94–95.
2853:
2851:
2849:
2506:
2504:
2211:From Caledonia to Pictland: Scotland to 795
2043:. Cambridge University Press. p. 324.
1879:. At the earliest start date, 769 with the
1709:
1488:, Congal made alliances with Dál Riata and
817:The Cenél Comgaill (kindred of Comgall) in
706:. In Ireland, it took in the north-east of
472:, which played a key role in the spread of
9161:
9147:
8555:
8541:
7830:
7816:
7433:
7419:
6151:
5243:
5236:
5222:
4449:
4435:
3781:
3767:
3615:Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000
2926:
2652:
2213:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 145.
2198:. Cambridge University Press. p. 324.
2154:refer to the confederations in Ulster and
1533:, may have been kings of Irish Dál Riata.
999:, and pagans in the region viewed certain
991:and Irish monasteries. During the time of
58:
7837:
3057:Woolf, "Ungus (Onuist), son of Uurguist."
2180:
1556:made some effort to stop the Picts under
1355:
3279:The Oxford Companion to Scottish History
2846:
2825:
2501:
2295:The Senchus is translated in Bannerman,
1359:
1181:
1146:on Islay is similar. A sculpted slab at
975:
963:
829:. They may have expanded eastwards into
685:
677:
436:(who gave their name to the district of
9445:9th-century disestablishments in Europe
3737:Glasgow University Dept. of Archaeology
2606:
2388:, s.a. 670, refer to the return of the
673:
14:
9420:6th-century establishments in Scotland
9377:
9168:
7959:Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland
6092:
3859:Act for the Settlement of Ireland 1652
3430:
3244:
3105:, pp. 99–100 & 286–289; Anderson,
2208:
2071:
893:, seat of the Cenél Loairn kings, and
567:. From 795 onward there were sporadic
530:of Bernicia checked its growth at the
9410:Former countries in the British Isles
9142:
8536:
7811:
7414:
7324:
7216:
6995:
6797:
6229:
6009:
5655:
5292:
5217:
4430:
3762:
3079:. Dundee University Press, 2006, p. 3
3031:Dates from the Annals of Ulster. The
2715:
2658:
2523:Markus, "Iona"; Markus, "Conversion".
2368:, pp. 120 & 122, noting that the
2299:, pp. 47–49; previously published in
2193:
1348:, a prehistoric king or deity of the
1243:). The story of Dál Riata moves from
408:In Argyll, it consisted of four main
4110:
3234:. T & T Clark, Edinburgh, 1999.
2464:. Boydell & Brewer, 2007 . p. 21
2067:
2065:
2063:
2019:Oxford Companion to Scottish History
1742:, Cenel nOengusa giving its name to
1408:, king of the Northern Uí Néill and
666:geological series, a term coined by
8564:Royal houses of Britain and Ireland
7217:
4150:
2915:For Báetan and Fiachnae see Byrne,
2364:, pp. 115–118. See also Bannerman,
2081:(Paperback 2003 ed.). London:
1587:
1492:, which resulted in the disastrous
959:
730:, and many of the islands, such as
24:
9405:Gaelic-Irish nations and dynasties
3746:Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
3733:Dunadd: An early Dalriadic capital
3218:Studies in the History of Dalriada
2462:The Conquest of the North Atlantic
2307:, vol. 1, pp. cl–cliii and Skene,
1863:Dál Riata is a playable nation in
627:and means "the portion of Riata".
25:
9471:
9385:Scotland in the Early Middle Ages
6647:Festival Interceltique de Lorient
3655:
3617:. Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, 1984.
3340:. Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 2000.
2607:Kearney, Martha (26 April 2016).
2597:, pp. 42–44, 94–95 & 104–106.
2512:Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia
2309:Chronicles of the Picts and Scots
2158:, respectively. The etymology of
2060:
1963:Scotland in the Early Middle Ages
1915:Final Fantasy XIV: Shadowbringers
1730:, the former and sometimes still
1517:, and their clients, the Fir Lí.
968:9th-century St Martin's Cross on
788:(kindred of Óengus) in Islay and
484:culture and a large naval fleet.
416:, each with their own chief: the
9362:
9261:Eochaid mac Domangairt
8172:Port an Eilean Mhòir boat burial
8086:Scottish–Norwegian War (1262-66)
7481:
7397:
6010:
5642:
5198:
5197:
4411:
4410:
3662:CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts
3572:. Harper Collins, London, 1997.
3533:Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200
3439:Laing, Lloyd & Jenny Lloyd,
2843:see O'Rahilly's historical model
2712:, The Herald, 22 September 2007.
2417:Guilbert (ed) 1981, pp. 150–180.
1968:Scotland in the High Middle Ages
1654:From Dál Riata to the Innse Gall
1521:Mag Rath to the Pictish conquest
1115:, which combined Mediterranean,
980:Saint Matthew, folio 28v in the
647:of a tribal name or deity name.
330:
271:
257:
232:
3474:. Tuckwell, East Linton, 2002.
3381:From Pictland to Alba, 789–1070
3148:
3134:
3121:
3112:
3095:
3090:From Pictland to Alba, 789-1070
3082:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3035:report the deaths of Abbots of
3025:
3015:
3006:
2983:
2966:
2957:
2944:
2935:
2909:
2878:
2837:
2819:
2802:
2790:
2749:
2737:
2724:
2701:
2692:
2679:
2587:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2543:
2526:
2517:
2484:
2467:
2454:
2441:
2420:
2407:
2379:
2354:
2341:
2328:
2314:
2289:
2272:
2259:
2242:
2217:
1680:may record the conquest of the
710:, roughly corresponding to the
497:
5135:Origins of the Kingdom of Alba
4987:Eochaid mac Muiredaig Muinderg
3555:. Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999.
3326:. Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999.
2919:, pp. 109–112, and Ó Cróinín,
2571:Clancy, "Church institutions".
2349:Celtic Place-names of Scotland
2202:
2165:
2136:
2099:
2032:
1958:Origins of the Kingdom of Alba
1898:, comprising the Hebrides and
1623:, who was killed in the great
1258:The version of history in the
1251:around 540 and of his brother
753:was especially important, and
13:
1:
9291:Eochaid mac Echdach
7366:Celtic place names in Galicia
6996:
3603:. Four Courts, Dublin, 2000.
3525:12 (1998), pp. 296–339.
3435:. Edinburgh University Press.
3298:. Four Courts, Dublin, 1998.
3175:
2833:. Boydell Press. p. 187.
2536:, Broun & Clancy (eds.),
1978:History of Ireland (795–1169)
1845:the Roman Invasion of Britain
1761:
1448:
1444:
1368:regions are marked in yellow.
556:
552:
9425:Kingdoms of medieval Ireland
7797:History of the British Isles
6798:
5303:Ancient Celtic ethnic groups
3725:, translated by A.M. Sellar.
3640:. Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2004.
3586:. Birlinn, Edinburgh, 2001.
2721:Bede, HE, Book I, Chapter 1.
2117:onwards were descendants of
2039:Laing, Lloyd Robert (2006).
1973:History of Ireland (400–795)
1738:and another the district of
749:were the main cereal crops.
542:for a time. In the 730s the
7:
9395:Former monarchies of Europe
9332:Conall mac Áedáin
7934:Ingibjörg the Earls'-Mother
7443:Scotland in the Middle Ages
6290:Welsh literature in English
6230:
5656:
5382:Modern Celtic ethnic groups
5293:
4799:MacGilpatrick (Fitzpatrick)
3406:, Oxford UP, Oxford, 2005.
3281:. Oxford UP, Oxford, 2001.
2787:No. 75 (2001). pp. 285–292.
2638:National Trust for Scotland
1921:
1750:, Cenel Comgaill occupying
1663:, traditionally founded by
1458:It has been suggested that
811:, who claimed descent from
778:, who claimed descent from
10:
9476:
9430:History of Argyll and Bute
9400:Former countries in Europe
9327:Conall mac Taidg
8474:Associated clans and septs
6310:Scottish Gaelic literature
5690:Brigantia (ancient region)
5185:Gaelic nobility of Ireland
5130:List of kings of Dál Riata
4456:
3748:(PSAS) through 1999 (pdf).
3719:and its Continuation (pdf)
3672:Corpus of Electronic Texts
3420:. Batsford, London, 2004.
3312:. Batsford, London, 1973.
3310:Irish Kings and High-Kings
3033:Annals of the Four Masters
2952:Irish Kings and High-Kings
2917:Irish Kings and High-Kings
1928:List of kings of Dál Riata
1773:The Mark of the Horse Lord
1471:Congal Cáech mac Scandláin
1287:, historically called the
1177:
1172:
29:
9176:
9108:
9070:
8909:
8821:
8778:
8685:
8570:
8472:
8391:
8365:
8327:
8274:
8195:
8104:
8038:
7977:
7954:Margaret, Queen of Norway
7914:Gormflaith ingen Murchada
7886:
7845:
7789:
7758:
7727:
7679:
7576:
7490:
7479:
7450:
7388:
7331:
7325:
7320:
7258:
7229:
7212:
7175:
7097:
7088:
7060:
7032:
7004:
6991:
6944:
6909:
6883:
6804:
6793:
6680:
6657:Hebridean Celtic Festival
6594:
6496:
6475:
6444:
6359:
6318:
6285:Welsh-language literature
6240:
6236:
6225:
6187:
6101:
6018:
6005:
5875:
5834:
5768:
5664:
5651:
5640:
5477:
5446:
5380:
5301:
5288:
5255:
5193:
5075:
5049:
5010:
4894:
4872:
4789:
4686:
4653:
4627:
4599:
4546:
4473:
4464:
4406:
4351:
4270:
4103:
4047:
3912:
3796:
3788:
3535:. Longman, London, 1995.
3460:. London: Penguin, 1991.
3251:. The Black Staff Press.
3245:Bardon, Jonathan (2005).
2875:Fraser (2007), pp. 316–9.
2698:Markus, "Religious life".
2659:Henry, Francoise (1988).
2514:. Routledge, 2005. p. 586
2430:, pp. 111–118; Campbell,
287:
211:
207:
197:
187:
183:
173:
169:
154:
139:
135:
125:
115:
103:
89:
79:
69:
57:
52:
45:
36:Dalriada (disambiguation)
9342:Áed mac Boanta
7949:Margaret, Maid of Norway
7899:Bethóc, Prioress of Iona
7090:Ancient Celtic languages
5160:List of kings of Munster
4039:Gaelic Christian mission
3443:. Sutton, Stroud, 2001.
1988:
1710:Under the House of Alpin
444:(who gave their name to
8025:Thorbjorn Thorsteinsson
7944:Máel Muire ingen Amlaíb
7361:Gaulish words in French
7346:Celtic words in English
5600:Scottish New Zealanders
5490:Anglo-Celtic Australian
5180:List of kings of Ulster
5019:Togail Bruidne Dá Derga
4902:Óengus Tuirmech Temrach
4309:Yn Çheshaght Ghailckagh
3869:Jacobite rising of 1745
3666:University College Cork
3441:The Picts and the Scots
3338:Early Christian Ireland
3336:Charles-Edwards, T.M.,
2991:Historia Regum Anglorum
2687:The Picts and the Scots
2582:Early Christian Ireland
2449:Early Christian Ireland
2447:T. M. Charles-Edwards,
2144:Early Christian Ireland
1546:Ecgfrith of Northumbria
908:Dál Riata had a strong
833:during the 8th century.
774:(kindred of Gabrán) in
682:Ulster and the Hebrides
618:
610:
98:Ancient Celtic religion
9450:840s disestablishments
7969:Ragnhildis Olafsdottir
6295:Early Irish literature
6176:
6164:
6152:
6140:
6128:
6116:
5580:Scotch-Irish Canadians
5575:Scotch-Irish Americans
4977:Comgall mac Domangairt
3717:Ecclesiastical History
3705:Annals of Clonmacnoise
3431:Fraser, James (2007).
3270:. Royal Irish Academy.
2921:Early Medieval Ireland
2890:, Book III, Chapter 6.
2814:Picts, Gaels and Scots
2595:Picts, Gaels and Scots
2496:Picts, Gaels and Scots
2436:Picts, Gaels and Scots
2284:Picts, Gaels and Scots
2248:Boyd, Hugh Alexander.
2209:Fraser, James (2009).
2111:Ciniod son of Uuredech
1829:Saga of Pliocene Exile
1816:, the Dalriada of the
1786:The Eagle of the Ninth
1661:kingdom of the Sudreys
1617:Caustantín mac Fergusa
1527:Fiannamail ua Dúnchado
1369:
1356:Druim Cett to Mag Rath
1249:Comgall mac Domangairt
1187:
1105:illuminated manuscript
1003:and "spirit-inhabited
984:
973:
945:ships of the same name
924:with many islands and
827:Comgall mac Domangairt
799:(kindred of Loarn) in
691:
683:
510:, and assaults on the
385:, on each side of the
199:• Disestablished
34:. For other uses, see
9231:Conall Crandomna
9095:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
8373:Scottish island names
8196:Artifacts and culture
7873:Mormaers of Caithness
7839:Scandinavian Scotland
7750:Scandinavian Scotland
7735:Lordship of the Isles
6922:Scottish independence
6667:Celtic Media Festival
6550:National music scenes
5776:Proto-Celtic religion
5478:Related ethnic groups
5145:Chattan Confederation
4967:Gabrán mac Domangairt
4922:Conganchnes mac Dedad
4344:An Coimisinéir Teanga
4304:An Comunn Gàidhealach
4009:Oireachtas na Gaeilge
3470:McDonald, R. Andrew,
3458:A History of Scotland
3308:Byrne, Francis John,
3129:From Pictland to Alba
3000:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
2997:, s.a. 740; also the
2978:Warlords and Holy Men
2781:Were the Scots Irish?
2757:A History of Scotland
2434:, pp. 17–28; Foster,
2282:, pp. 22–29; Foster,
2194:Laing, Lloyd (2006).
2121:and Feradach, son of
2105:Smyth—and Bannerman,
1948:Irish Scottish people
1625:Pictish defeat of 839
1363:
1273:Were the Scots Irish?
1235:(sons/descendants of
1208:and Óengus—conquered
1185:
979:
967:
780:Gabrán mac Domangairt
689:
681:
373:that encompassed the
80:Common languages
8392:Battles and treaties
8046:Kingdom of the Isles
7964:Ragnhild Eriksdotter
7919:Gunnhild Gormsdóttir
7909:Cacht ingen Ragnaill
7702:Wars of Independence
7246:(Medieval Welsh law)
6856:Scottish nationalism
6506:Ancient Celtic music
5821:Romano-Celtic temple
5630:Welsh New Zealanders
5555:Irish New Zealanders
4874:Conaille Muirtheimne
4393:Kingdom of the Isles
4314:Seachtain na Gaeilge
4279:Údarás na Gaeltachta
4034:Insular Christianity
3849:Plantation of Ulster
3814:High King of Ireland
3752:A history of Kintyre
3584:Scottish Place-names
3509:Scottish Place-names
3507:Nicolaisen, W.F.H.,
2812:, pp. 8–15; Foster,
2810:Saints and Sea-kings
2494:, note 297; Foster,
2432:Saints and Sea-kings
2386:The Annals of Ulster
2280:Saints and Sea-kings
2267:Kingdom of the Isles
2123:Selbach mac Ferchair
1943:Prehistoric Scotland
1791:Ninth Spanish Legion
1627:at the hands of the
1486:High King of Ireland
1460:Fiachnae mac Báetáin
1410:High King of Ireland
674:People, land and sea
267:Kingdom of the Isles
9186:Domangart Réti
8261:St Magnus Cathedral
8137:Cubbie Roo's Castle
8081:Davidian Revolution
7924:Helga Moddansdóttir
7894:Aud the Deep-Minded
7692:Davidian Revolution
6936:Irish republicanism
6917:Breton independence
6896:Scottish devolution
6829:Cornish nationalism
6652:Pan Celtic Festival
6526:Scottish folk music
6280:Scottish literature
5801:Celtic Christianity
5605:Scottish Travellers
5590:Scottish Argentines
5434:Scottish Travellers
4962:Fergus Mór mac Eirc
3889:Highland Clearances
3844:Flight of the Earls
3531:Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí,
3404:Scotland: A History
3351:Clancy, Thomas Owen
3248:A History of Ulster
2685:Laing & Laing,
2634:"The Book of Kells"
2549:W.F.H. Nicolaisen,
2256:. Volume 76 (1978).
1938:Senchus fer n-Alban
1865:Paradox Interactive
1494:Battle of Magh Rath
1275:, archaeologist Dr
1160:penannular brooches
912:culture, which was
763:Senchus fer n-Alban
532:Battle of Degsastan
474:Celtic Christianity
253:Kingdom of Scotland
189:• Established
9460:Kings of Dál Riata
9221:Domnall Brecc
9211:Eochaid Buide
9170:Kings of Dál Riata
8710:Mann and the Isles
8255:Sen dollotar Ulaid
8209:Chronicles of Mann
7929:Ingeborg of Norway
6927:Welsh independence
6891:Cornish devolution
6812:Breton nationalism
6662:Celtic Connections
6265:Cornish literature
5610:Ulster Protestants
5595:Scottish Canadians
5585:Scottish Americans
5495:Anglo-Irish people
4992:Báetán mac Cairill
4982:Muiredach Muinderg
4952:Lugaid mac Con Roí
4388:Kingdom of Munster
4329:Comunn na Gàidhlig
4299:Conradh na Gaeilge
3936:Lebor Gabála Érenn
3692:Chronicon Scotorum
3613:Smyth, Alfred P.,
3416:Foster, Sally M.,
3397:Forsyth, Katherine
3197:Anderson, Alan Orr
3184:Life of St Columba
2974:Life of St Columba
2932:Bardon, pp. 20–21.
2906:McSparron, p. 109.
2887:Life of St Columba
2534:Life of St Columba
2451:(2000), pp. 57–61.
2119:Fergus mac Echdach
1677:Annales Bertiniani
1601:Fergus mac Echdach
1558:Óengus mac Fergusa
1505:of Strathclyde at
1406:Áed mac Ainmuirech
1370:
1297:Brittonic language
1188:
1158:metalwork such as
985:
974:
692:
684:
381:and north-eastern
9350:
9349:
9256:Ferchar Fota
9251:Domnall Donn
9136:
9135:
8530:
8529:
8497:Macaulay of Lewis
8030:Thorstein the Red
7978:Other notable men
7805:
7804:
7463:Early Middle Ages
7408:
7407:
7384:
7383:
7316:
7315:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7203:
7167:Cisalpine Gaulish
6987:
6986:
6873:national identity
6868:Welsh nationalism
6861:national identity
6841:Irish nationalism
6789:
6788:
6785:
6784:
6722:Cornish wrestling
6590:
6589:
6511:Breton Folk music
6476:Regional cultures
6319:National cultures
6305:Gaelic literature
6260:Breton literature
6221:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6001:
6000:
5913:Chief of the Name
5781:Celtic polytheism
5698:Sub-Roman Britain
5638:
5637:
5525:Irish Australians
5505:Cornish Americans
5464:Scottish diaspora
5211:
5210:
5002:Niall mac Eochada
4997:Cináed mac Ailpín
4890:
4889:
4424:
4423:
4359:Haplogroup R-M269
4250:
4249:
4246:
4245:
3999:Gaelic folk music
3962:Gaelic literature
3493:Mac Néill, Eoin,
3389:978-0-7486-1234-5
3258:978-0-85640-764-2
2779:Campbell, Ewan. "
2580:Charles-Edwards,
2174:1066 And All That
2142:Charles-Edwards,
2107:Scottish Takeover
2092:978-0-563-48714-2
2027:978-0-19-923482-0
1876:Crusader Kings II
1768:Rosemary Sutcliff
1424:and lands of the
1390:Northern Uí Néill
1378:king of the Picts
1308:end of Roman rule
1190:The 11th-century
493:Áedán mac Gabráin
315:
314:
283:
282:
279:
278:
245:
244:
178:Early Middle Ages
161:Cináed mac Ailpin
16:(Redirected from
9467:
9367:
9366:
9365:
9358:
9281:Dúnchad Bec
9216:Connad Cerr
9163:
9156:
9149:
9140:
9139:
8974:Síl nÁedo Sláine
8881:Ó Máel Sechlainn
8557:
8550:
8543:
8534:
8533:
8187:St Magnus Church
8182:Scar boat burial
8127:Brough of Birsay
8020:Sweyn Asleifsson
8015:Ragnall ua Ímair
7832:
7825:
7818:
7809:
7808:
7790:Related articles
7687:Christianisation
7485:
7473:Late Middle Ages
7468:High Middle Ages
7444:
7435:
7428:
7421:
7412:
7411:
7401:
7322:
7321:
7214:
7213:
7196:Galwegian Gaelic
7095:
7094:
6993:
6992:
6901:Welsh devolution
6795:
6794:
6547:
6546:
6536:Sean-nós singing
6531:Welsh folk music
6521:Irish folk music
6488:Highland culture
6270:Irish literature
6250:Arthurian Legend
6238:
6237:
6227:
6226:
6179:
6167:
6155:
6143:
6131:
6119:
6099:
6098:
6090:
6089:
6067:Neo-Christianity
6007:
6006:
5938:Gaelic astrology
5898:Celtic festivals
5796:Celtic mythology
5769:Ancient religion
5686:Iron Age Britain
5653:
5652:
5646:
5625:Welsh Argentines
5565:Irish Uruguayans
5560:Irish Travellers
5530:Irish Brazilians
5520:Irish Argentines
5500:Breton Americans
5454:Cornish diaspora
5416:Irish Travellers
5290:
5289:
5282:Celtic languages
5238:
5231:
5224:
5215:
5214:
5201:
5200:
5040:Táin Bó Cúailnge
4471:
4470:
4451:
4444:
4437:
4428:
4427:
4414:
4413:
4352:Related subjects
4339:Clans of Ireland
4289:Bòrd na Gàidhlig
4284:Foras na Gaeilge
4148:
4147:
4132:Medical families
4108:
4107:
4079:Classical Gaelic
4004:Sean-nós singing
3947:Gaelic astrology
3930:Gaelic mythology
3839:Statutes of Iona
3783:
3776:
3769:
3760:
3759:
3684:the Four Masters
3676:Annals of Ulster
3436:
3361:The Innes Review
3322:Campbell, Ewan,
3271:
3262:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3116:
3110:
3103:Pictland to Alba
3099:
3093:
3086:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3058:
3055:
3049:
3046:
3040:
3029:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3004:
2995:Symeon of Durham
2987:
2981:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2955:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2924:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2891:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2858:
2855:
2844:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2823:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2777:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2744:Annals of Ulster
2741:
2735:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2713:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2690:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2604:
2598:
2591:
2585:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2554:
2547:
2541:
2530:
2524:
2521:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2488:
2482:
2471:
2465:
2458:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2383:
2377:
2358:
2352:
2345:
2339:
2332:
2326:
2318:
2312:
2293:
2287:
2276:
2270:
2263:
2257:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2206:
2200:
2199:
2191:
2178:
2169:
2163:
2140:
2134:
2131:Pictland to Alba
2103:
2097:
2096:
2069:
2058:
2057:
2036:
2030:
2016:
2005:
2002:
1983:Petrosomatoglyph
1814:Jacqueline Carey
1640:Kenneth MacAlpin
1588:The last century
1575:, and grandsons
1498:Domnall mac Áedo
1450:
1446:
1140:County Tipperary
1034:High Middle Ages
960:Religion and art
690:Dunadd Hillfort.
668:Archibald Geikie
621:
573:Kenneth MacAlpin
558:
554:
526:. However, King
501:
499:
399:Northern Ireland
375:western seaboard
365:
364:
361:
360:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
300:Northern Ireland
275:
274:
261:
260:
249:
248:
236:
235:
229:
228:
213:
212:
165:
150:
62:
43:
42:
21:
9475:
9474:
9470:
9469:
9468:
9466:
9465:
9464:
9375:
9374:
9373:
9363:
9361:
9353:
9351:
9346:
9181:Fergus Mór
9172:
9167:
9137:
9132:
9104:
9066:
8905:
8817:
8774:
8681:
8566:
8561:
8531:
8526:
8468:
8464:Treaty of Perth
8387:
8361:
8323:
8270:
8243:Orkneyinga saga
8237:Manx runestones
8191:
8177:Rubha an Dùnain
8152:Kirkwall Castle
8122:Bishop's Palace
8100:
8034:
7973:
7882:
7868:Lords of Argyll
7858:Earls of Orkney
7841:
7836:
7806:
7801:
7785:
7754:
7723:
7675:
7572:
7486:
7477:
7446:
7442:
7439:
7409:
7404:
7380:
7327:
7312:
7254:
7250:Early Scots law
7239:Early Irish law
7225:
7200:
7177:Scottish Gaelic
7171:
7112:Proto-Brittonic
7084:
7080:Beurla Reagaird
7056:
7052:Scottish Gaelic
7028:
7000:
6983:
6979:Columba Project
6959:Celtic Congress
6940:
6905:
6879:
6800:
6781:
6742:Gaelic handball
6732:Gaelic football
6717:Cornish hurling
6676:
6586:
6545:
6492:
6471:
6457:Gaelic clothing
6440:
6355:
6314:
6275:Manx literature
6232:
6209:
6188:Other claimants
6183:
6088:
6038:Celtic Congress
6014:
5997:
5893:Celtic calendar
5871:
5830:
5764:
5660:
5647:
5634:
5620:Welsh Americans
5540:Irish Catholics
5535:Irish Canadians
5515:Irish Americans
5473:
5447:Celtic diaspora
5442:
5376:
5305:
5297:
5284:
5251:
5242:
5212:
5207:
5189:
5170:Scottish Gaelic
5077:
5071:
5045:
5006:
4931:Dáire Doimthech
4927:Dáire mac Dedad
4886:
4868:
4785:
4682:
4649:
4623:
4595:
4542:
4466:
4460:
4455:
4425:
4420:
4402:
4347:
4334:Columba Project
4272:
4266:
4242:
4146:
4099:
4095:Scottish Gaelic
4058:Primitive Irish
4043:
3974:Scottish Gaelic
3908:
3834:Nine Years' War
3797:General history
3792:
3787:
3729:Digital archive
3658:
3653:
3638:The Argyll Book
3259:
3214:Bannerman, John
3178:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3161:
3157:The Gaelic King
3154:
3153:
3149:
3140:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3100:
3096:
3087:
3083:
3074:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3030:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3011:
3007:
2988:
2984:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2949:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2894:
2883:
2879:
2874:
2861:
2856:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2827:Dumville, David
2824:
2820:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2778:
2763:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2657:
2653:
2643:
2641:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2502:
2489:
2485:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2442:
2425:
2421:
2412:
2408:
2390:genus Gartnaith
2384:
2380:
2370:Tripartite Life
2359:
2355:
2346:
2342:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2315:
2294:
2290:
2277:
2273:
2264:
2260:
2247:
2243:
2233:
2231:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2207:
2203:
2192:
2181:
2170:
2166:
2141:
2137:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2070:
2061:
2051:
2037:
2033:
2017:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1924:
1857:The Gaelic King
1852:Dalriata's King
1818:Kingdom of Alba
1764:
1712:
1665:Ketill Flatnose
1656:
1648:Kingdom of Alba
1590:
1565:Kingdom of Alba
1554:Eadberht Eating
1542:Bruide mac Bili
1523:
1503:Eugein map Beli
1358:
1245:foundation myth
1180:
1175:
1144:Kildalton Cross
962:
803:, perhaps also
676:
613:
577:Kingdom of Alba
496:
403:Kingdom of Alba
333:
329:
311:
272:
258:
233:
200:
190:
163:
157:
156:• 841–850
148:
142:
141:• 498–501
96:
65:
48:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
9473:
9463:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9372:
9371:
9348:
9347:
9345:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9303:
9298:
9293:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9246:Máel Dúin
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9166:
9165:
9158:
9151:
9143:
9134:
9133:
9131:
9130:
9125:
9120:
9114:
9112:
9106:
9105:
9103:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9076:
9074:
9068:
9067:
9065:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9048:
9042:
9037:
9032:
9027:
9022:
9017:
9015:Uí Ceinnselaig
9012:
9006:
9001:
8996:
8991:
8986:
8981:
8979:Clann Cholmáin
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8915:
8913:
8911:Gaelic Ireland
8907:
8906:
8904:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8888:
8883:
8878:
8873:
8868:
8866:Ó Gallchobhair
8863:
8858:
8853:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8827:
8825:
8819:
8818:
8816:
8815:
8810:
8805:
8800:
8795:
8790:
8784:
8782:
8776:
8775:
8773:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8732:
8727:
8722:
8717:
8712:
8707:
8702:
8697:
8691:
8689:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8668:
8667:
8662:
8657:
8647:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8576:
8574:
8568:
8567:
8560:
8559:
8552:
8545:
8537:
8528:
8527:
8525:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8494:
8489:
8484:
8478:
8476:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8461:
8459:Treaty of 1098
8456:
8451:
8446:
8441:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8395:
8393:
8389:
8388:
8386:
8385:
8380:
8378:Northern Isles
8375:
8369:
8367:
8363:
8362:
8360:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8333:
8331:
8325:
8324:
8322:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8280:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8269:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8251:
8246:
8239:
8234:
8232:Lewis chessmen
8229:
8224:
8222:Galloway Hoard
8219:
8212:
8205:
8199:
8197:
8193:
8192:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8108:
8106:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8083:
8078:
8073:
8071:Outer Hebrides
8068:
8063:
8058:
8056:Gall-Ghàidheil
8053:
8048:
8042:
8040:
8036:
8035:
8033:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
8000:Olaf the White
7997:
7992:
7987:
7981:
7979:
7975:
7974:
7972:
7971:
7966:
7961:
7956:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7890:
7888:
7884:
7883:
7881:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7863:Crovan dynasty
7860:
7855:
7849:
7847:
7843:
7842:
7835:
7834:
7827:
7820:
7812:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7793:
7791:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7768:
7762:
7760:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7752:
7747:
7742:
7737:
7731:
7729:
7725:
7724:
7722:
7721:
7716:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7683:
7681:
7677:
7676:
7674:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7611:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7580:
7578:
7574:
7573:
7571:
7570:
7565:
7560:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7494:
7492:
7488:
7487:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7475:
7470:
7465:
7460:
7454:
7452:
7448:
7447:
7438:
7437:
7430:
7423:
7415:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7395:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7268:Gaelic warfare
7264:
7262:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7252:
7247:
7244:Cyfraith Hywel
7241:
7235:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7198:
7193:
7191:Deeside Gaelic
7188:
7182:
7180:
7173:
7172:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7162:Hispano-Celtic
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7117:Proto-Goidelic
7114:
7109:
7103:
7101:
7092:
7086:
7085:
7083:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7038:
7036:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7010:
7008:
7002:
7001:
6989:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6969:Celtic society
6966:
6964:Celtic Revival
6961:
6956:
6950:
6948:
6942:
6941:
6939:
6938:
6932:United Ireland
6929:
6924:
6919:
6913:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6880:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6875:
6865:
6864:
6863:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6838:
6837:
6836:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6808:
6806:
6802:
6801:
6791:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6777:Welsh handball
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6757:Highland games
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6690:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6643:
6642:
6633:
6624:
6615:
6600:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6588:
6587:
6585:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6553:
6551:
6544:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6483:Gaelic culture
6479:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6470:
6469:
6464:
6462:Highland dress
6459:
6454:
6448:
6446:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6426:Pictish stones
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6382:
6381:
6371:
6365:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6316:
6315:
6313:
6312:
6307:
6302:
6297:
6292:
6287:
6282:
6277:
6272:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6234:
6233:
6223:
6222:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6191:
6189:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6181:
6169:
6157:
6145:
6133:
6121:
6108:
6106:
6096:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6079:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6062:
6052:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6030:
6028:Celtic nations
6025:
6023:Celtic Revival
6019:
6016:
6015:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5838:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5791:Celtic Animism
5788:
5786:Celtic deities
5783:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5766:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5745:Cisalpine Gaul
5742:
5741:
5740:
5735:
5717:
5708:
5683:
5674:
5672:Gaelic Ireland
5668:
5666:
5662:
5661:
5649:
5648:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5572:
5570:Manx Americans
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5545:Irish Chileans
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5510:English people
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5469:Welsh diaspora
5466:
5461:
5459:Irish diaspora
5456:
5450:
5448:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5425:
5420:
5419:
5418:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5386:
5384:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5313:
5311:
5299:
5298:
5286:
5285:
5266:Celtic studies
5258:Celtic nations
5256:
5253:
5252:
5241:
5240:
5233:
5226:
5218:
5209:
5208:
5206:
5205:
5194:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5162:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5036:
5029:
5022:
5014:
5012:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5004:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4972:Loarn mac Eirc
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4896:
4892:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4878:
4876:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4815:
4812:
4809:
4806:
4801:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4775:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4659:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4629:Corcu Baiscind
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4479:
4477:
4468:
4462:
4461:
4454:
4453:
4446:
4439:
4431:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4371:
4366:
4363:human genetics
4355:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4294:Culture Vannin
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4217:
4212:
4194:
4189:
4179:
4156:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4120:Royal families
4116:
4114:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4024:Highland games
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3989:Insular script
3986:
3981:
3959:
3954:
3952:Gaelic kinship
3949:
3944:
3942:Gaelic warfare
3939:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3914:
3913:Gaelic culture
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Gaelic Revival
3891:
3886:
3884:Irish diaspora
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:1641 Rebellion
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3819:Irish kingdoms
3816:
3811:
3806:
3804:Gaelic Ireland
3800:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3786:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3749:
3739:
3726:
3712:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:Lebor Bretnach
3657:
3656:External links
3654:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3611:
3597:
3594:
3580:
3566:Rodger, N.A.M.
3563:
3549:
3543:
3529:
3519:
3505:
3495:Celtic Ireland
3491:
3488:
3485:
3482:
3468:
3451:
3437:
3428:
3414:
3400:
3394:
3391:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3357:
3354:
3348:
3334:
3320:
3306:
3292:
3289:
3272:
3263:
3257:
3242:
3228:
3211:
3194:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3160:, 10 July 2017
3147:
3133:
3120:
3111:
3094:
3081:
3068:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3024:
3014:
3005:
2982:
2965:
2956:
2943:
2934:
2925:
2908:
2892:
2877:
2859:
2857:Bardon, p. 17.
2845:
2836:
2818:
2801:
2789:
2761:
2748:
2736:
2734:, pp. 122–124.
2723:
2714:
2700:
2691:
2678:
2671:
2651:
2625:
2599:
2586:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2542:
2525:
2516:
2500:
2483:
2466:
2460:Marcus, G. J.
2453:
2440:
2419:
2406:
2378:
2353:
2340:
2327:
2313:
2288:
2271:
2265:See McDonald,
2258:
2250:Irish Dalriada
2241:
2216:
2201:
2179:
2164:
2135:
2098:
2091:
2085:. p. 47.
2059:
2050:978-0521838627
2049:
2031:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1923:
1920:
1888:Irish Catholic
1886:, they are an
1854:, later named
1809:Kushiel's Dart
1797:into the film
1770:'s 1965 novel
1763:
1760:
1718:, the leading
1711:
1708:
1682:Inner Hebrides
1655:
1652:
1644:House of Alpin
1621:Áed mac Boanta
1589:
1586:
1522:
1519:
1357:
1354:
1302:Irish scholar
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1132:Ruthwell Cross
961:
958:
873:. Among them,
835:
834:
815:
813:Loarn mac Eirc
793:
786:Cenél nÓengusa
782:
772:Cenél nGabráin
675:
672:
653:Domangart Réti
612:
609:
442:Cenél Comgaill
426:Cenél nÓengusa
418:Cenél nGabráin
313:
312:
310:
309:
308:
307:
302:
295:United Kingdom
291:
289:
285:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
269:
263:
262:
255:
246:
243:
242:
237:
225:
224:
219:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:
174:Historical era
171:
170:
167:
166:
158:
155:
152:
151:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
63:
55:
54:
50:
49:
46:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9472:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9382:
9380:
9370:
9360:
9359:
9356:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9309:Áed Find
9307:
9304:
9302:
9299:
9297:
9294:
9292:
9289:
9287:
9284:
9282:
9279:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9178:
9175:
9171:
9164:
9159:
9157:
9152:
9150:
9145:
9144:
9141:
9129:
9126:
9124:
9121:
9119:
9116:
9115:
9113:
9111:
9107:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9085:Orange-Nassau
9083:
9081:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9073:
9072:Great Britain
9069:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9052:
9049:
9046:
9043:
9041:
9038:
9036:
9035:Ó Conchobhair
9033:
9031:
9028:
9026:
9023:
9021:
9018:
9016:
9013:
9010:
9007:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8997:
8995:
8992:
8990:
8987:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8916:
8914:
8912:
8908:
8902:
8901:Ó Conchobhair
8899:
8897:
8896:Mac Lochlainn
8894:
8892:
8889:
8887:
8884:
8882:
8879:
8877:
8874:
8872:
8869:
8867:
8864:
8862:
8859:
8857:
8854:
8852:
8849:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8820:
8814:
8811:
8809:
8806:
8804:
8801:
8799:
8796:
8794:
8791:
8789:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8721:
8718:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8701:
8698:
8696:
8693:
8692:
8690:
8688:
8684:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8666:
8663:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8573:
8569:
8565:
8558:
8553:
8551:
8546:
8544:
8539:
8538:
8535:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8488:
8485:
8483:
8480:
8479:
8477:
8475:
8471:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8450:
8447:
8445:
8442:
8440:
8437:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8394:
8390:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8368:
8364:
8358:
8357:Old Norwegian
8355:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8334:
8332:
8330:
8326:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8294:Law Ting Holm
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8281:
8279:
8277:
8273:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8256:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8244:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8230:
8228:
8225:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8217:
8213:
8211:
8210:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8200:
8198:
8194:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8157:Linton Chapel
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8103:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8067:
8064:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8043:
8041:
8037:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8010:Páll Bálkason
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7976:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7955:
7952:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7889:
7887:Notable women
7885:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7853:List of kings
7851:
7850:
7848:
7844:
7840:
7833:
7828:
7826:
7821:
7819:
7814:
7813:
7810:
7798:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7782:
7781:Privy Council
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7767:
7764:
7763:
7761:
7757:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7745:The Old North
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7730:
7726:
7720:
7717:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7678:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
7622:
7619:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7582:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7484:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7453:
7449:
7445:
7436:
7431:
7429:
7424:
7422:
7417:
7416:
7413:
7400:
7396:
7394:
7391:
7390:
7387:
7377:
7376:– in Portugal
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7356:– in Galician
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7323:
7319:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7265:
7263:
7261:
7257:
7251:
7248:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7236:
7234:
7232:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7215:
7211:
7197:
7194:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7100:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7087:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7011:
7009:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6994:
6990:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6954:Celtic League
6952:
6951:
6949:
6947:
6946:Pan-Celticism
6943:
6937:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6908:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
6882:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6866:
6862:
6859:
6858:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6831:
6830:
6827:
6823:
6822:reunification
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6796:
6792:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6737:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6712:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6685:
6683:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6650:
6648:
6645:
6641:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6597:
6593:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6554:
6552:
6548:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6474:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6449:
6447:
6443:
6437:
6436:Triple spiral
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6377:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6366:
6364:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6321:
6317:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6301:
6298:
6296:
6293:
6291:
6288:
6286:
6283:
6281:
6278:
6276:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6255:Bardic Poetry
6253:
6251:
6248:
6247:
6245:
6243:
6239:
6235:
6228:
6224:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6186:
6178:
6173:
6170:
6166:
6161:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6146:
6142:
6137:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6122:
6118:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6103:Celtic League
6100:
6097:
6095:
6091:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6068:
6065:
6061:
6058:
6057:
6056:
6053:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6043:Celtic League
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6033:Pan-Celticism
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6013:
6008:
6004:
5994:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5933:Gaelicisation
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5908:Celticisation
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5878:
5874:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5839:
5837:
5833:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5767:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5712:
5711:Iron Age Gaul
5709:
5707:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5694:Roman Britain
5691:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5650:
5645:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5571:
5568:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:Irish Mexican
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5435:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5309:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5274:Celtic tribes
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5234:
5232:
5227:
5225:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5204:
5196:
5195:
5192:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5165:Munster Irish
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5026:Fled Bricrenn
5023:
5021:
5020:
5016:
5015:
5013:
5009:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4917:Íar mac Dedad
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4895:Personalities
4893:
4883:
4880:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4816:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4788:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4660:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4447:
4445:
4440:
4438:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4417:
4409:
4408:
4405:
4399:
4398:Gaelicisation
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4364:
4360:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4273:organisations
4269:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4153:
4149:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4046:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:Bardic poetry
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3904:Gàidhealtachd
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3791:
3784:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3750:
3747:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3677:
3674:includes the
3673:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3647:
3646:1-84158-253-0
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3623:0-7486-0100-7
3620:
3616:
3612:
3610:
3609:1-85182-516-9
3606:
3602:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:1-84158-173-9
3589:
3585:
3582:Ross, David,
3581:
3579:
3578:0-00-638840-X
3575:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:0-86241-873-9
3558:
3554:
3551:Owen, Olwyn,
3550:
3547:
3546:Oram, Richard
3544:
3542:
3541:0-582-01565-0
3538:
3534:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3518:
3517:0-85976-556-3
3514:
3510:
3506:
3504:
3503:0-906187-42-7
3500:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3480:1-898410-85-2
3477:
3473:
3469:
3467:
3466:0-14-013649-5
3463:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3449:0-7509-2873-5
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3427:
3426:0-7134-8874-3
3423:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3412:0-19-820615-1
3409:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3379:Woolf, Alex,
3378:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3346:0-521-36395-0
3343:
3339:
3335:
3333:
3332:0-8624-1874-7
3329:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:0-7134-5882-8
3315:
3311:
3307:
3305:
3304:1-85182-414-6
3301:
3297:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:0-19-211696-7
3284:
3280:
3276:
3275:Broun, Dauvit
3273:
3269:
3264:
3260:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3240:0-567-08682-8
3237:
3233:
3229:
3227:
3226:0-7011-2040-1
3223:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:1-871615-03-8
3206:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3192:0-14-044462-9
3189:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3159:
3158:
3151:
3143:
3137:
3131:, pp. 226–230
3130:
3127:Woolf, Alex.
3124:
3115:
3108:
3107:Early Sources
3104:
3098:
3091:
3088:Woolf, Alex.
3085:
3078:
3075:Harris, Bob.
3072:
3063:
3054:
3045:
3038:
3034:
3028:
3018:
3009:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2975:
2969:
2960:
2953:
2947:
2938:
2929:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2840:
2832:
2831:Saint Patrick
2828:
2822:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2752:
2745:
2740:
2733:
2727:
2718:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2674:
2672:0-394-56859-1
2668:
2664:
2663:
2655:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2568:
2559:
2552:
2546:
2539:
2538:Spes Scotorum
2535:
2529:
2520:
2513:
2510:Duffy, Seán.
2507:
2505:
2498:, pp. 99–100.
2497:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2476:
2473:See Adomnán,
2470:
2463:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2416:
2410:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2382:
2375:
2374:Saint Patrick
2371:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2337:
2331:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2285:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2212:
2205:
2197:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2127:Pictish Kings
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2102:
2094:
2088:
2084:
2083:BBC Worldwide
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:Schama, Simon
2068:
2066:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2001:
1999:
1994:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1933:Duan Albanach
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:petty kingdom
1889:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1846:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1651:
1650:or Scotland.
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1606:Duan Albanach
1602:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1518:
1516:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:Domnall Brecc
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1454:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1398:Cenél Conaill
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1367:
1362:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:Eoin MacNeill
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1281:Leslie Alcock
1278:
1277:Ewan Campbell
1274:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:Duan Albanach
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1193:Duan Albanach
1184:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:Hiberno-Saxon
1153:
1152:Dupplin Cross
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1108:Book of Kells
1106:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:Saint Patrick
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1055:Cenél Conaill
1052:
1048:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1009:sacred groves
1007:of trees" as
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
993:Saint Patrick
990:
983:
982:Book of Kells
978:
971:
966:
957:
955:
950:
946:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
855:
853:
849:
845:
844:Clan MacInnes
841:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
791:
787:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
768:
767:
765:
764:
758:
756:
752:
748:
744:
739:
737:
733:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
709:
708:County Antrim
705:
701:
697:
688:
680:
671:
669:
665:
660:
658:
657:Cairbre Riata
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
620:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:Roman Britain
594:
593:
588:
584:
580:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:Domnall Brecc
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
395:County Antrim
392:
388:
387:North Channel
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
363:
327:
323:
319:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
296:
293:
292:
290:
288:Today part of
286:
270:
268:
265:
264:
256:
254:
251:
250:
247:
241:
238:
231:
230:
227:
226:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
210:
206:
202:
196:
192:
186:
182:
179:
176:
172:
168:
162:
159:
153:
147:
144:
138:
134:
130:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
61:
56:
51:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
9323:Interregnum?
9030:Mac Carthaig
9004:Uí Dúnlainge
8959:Uí Fiachrach
8886:Mac Murchada
8846:Corcu Loígde
8835:
8337:Middle Irish
8253:
8241:
8216:Darraðarljóð
8214:
8207:
8167:Old Scatness
8050:
7985:Caittil Find
7939:Isabel Bruce
7759:Institutions
7584:Architecture
7522:
7491:Early Realms
7393:Celts portal
7351:– in Spanish
7186:Arran Gaelic
7107:Proto-Celtic
7075:Bungi Creole
6974:Celtic unity
6910:Independence
6709:
6692:
6516:Gaelic music
6452:Celtic Dress
6401:High crosses
6391:Celtic cross
6369:Bell shrines
6300:Irish annals
6082:Neo-Druidism
6077:Celtic Wicca
6048:Celtic union
6012:Modern Celts
5903:Celtic women
5806:Celtic Rites
5755:Transylvania
5676:
5615:Ulster Scots
5485:Anglo-Celtic
5332:Celtiberians
5277:
5269:
5261:
5249:modern Celts
5120:Ulster Cycle
5062:Hill of Tara
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
4957:Conaire Cóem
4942:Eterscél Mór
4912:Deda mac Sin
4907:Ailill Érann
4688:Corcu Loígde
4601:Corcu Duibne
4474:
4382:Clan MacLeod
4324:ULTACH Trust
4205:Corcu Loígde
4200:
4077:
4072:Middle Irish
4070:
4063:
4056:
4019:Gaelic games
3970:Modern Irish
3934:
3879:Great Hunger
3823:
3756:
3732:
3716:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3637:
3614:
3600:
3583:
3569:
3552:
3532:
3522:
3508:
3494:
3471:
3457:
3454:Mackie, J.D.
3440:
3432:
3417:
3403:
3380:
3360:
3337:
3323:
3309:
3295:
3278:
3267:
3247:
3231:
3217:
3200:
3183:
3162:, retrieved
3156:
3150:
3136:
3128:
3123:
3114:
3106:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3062:
3053:
3044:
3027:
3017:
3008:
2998:
2985:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2937:
2928:
2923:, pp. 48–52.
2920:
2916:
2911:
2885:
2880:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2813:
2809:
2804:
2792:
2784:
2756:
2755:See Mackie,
2751:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2717:
2707:
2703:
2694:
2686:
2681:
2661:
2654:
2642:. Retrieved
2640:. 4 May 2022
2637:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2612:
2602:
2594:
2589:
2584:, pp. 58–60.
2581:
2576:
2567:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2519:
2511:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2469:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2443:
2438:, pp. 65–68.
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2348:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2316:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2286:, pp. 49–59.
2283:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2244:
2234:27 September
2232:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2210:
2204:
2195:
2172:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2133:, pp. 57–67.
2130:
2126:
2106:
2101:
2077:
2054:
2040:
2034:
2018:
1913:
1911:
1904:
1890:independent
1880:
1874:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1833:
1822:
1812:, 2001), by
1807:
1805:
1798:
1795:Jeremy Brock
1784:
1782:
1771:
1765:
1719:
1713:
1703:
1700:Airer Gaedel
1699:
1692:Norse–Gaelic
1686:
1675:
1669:Caitill Find
1668:
1657:
1633:
1610:
1605:
1591:
1584:generation.
1569:Ferchar Fota
1562:
1550:Dun Nechtain
1535:
1524:
1511:
1507:Strathcarron
1482:Congal Cáech
1475:
1468:
1457:
1418:
1414:
1371:
1346:Deda mac Sin
1327:
1312:
1301:
1288:
1272:
1259:
1257:
1255:around 560.
1237:Conaire Cóem
1224:
1217:
1209:
1191:
1189:
1166:
1164:
1125:
1102:
1098:
1059:
1043:
1037:
1025:
1018:
1013:
986:
920:. It was an
907:
903:Dún Sebuirge
902:
879:quern-stones
856:
852:Uí Macc Uais
836:
809:Ardnamurchan
797:Cenél Loairn
761:
759:
755:transhumance
740:
724:
700:Airer Goídel
699:
693:
661:
640:
628:
616:
614:
604:
600:
590:
586:
581:
486:
434:Cenél Loairn
407:
325:
321:
317:
316:
222:Succeeded by
221:
216:
94:Christianity
40:
9305:Interregnum
9266:Ainbcellach
9110:Isle of Man
9057:Ó Domhnaill
9020:Dalcassians
8994:Glendamnach
8949:Dál nAraidi
8924:Síl Conairi
8720:Northumbria
8705:Strathclyde
8650:Plantagenet
8615:Northumbria
8454:Vestrajǫrðr
8429:Isle of Man
8105:Archaeology
8005:Olvir Rosta
7719:Renaissance
7697:Great Cause
7609:Agriculture
7568:Strathclyde
7308:Trimarcisia
7293:Gallóglaigh
7122:Celtiberian
6846:Isle of Man
6805:Nationalism
6694:Bataireacht
6613:Calan Gaeaf
6572:Isle of Man
6416:Leaf-crowns
6406:Insular art
6379:Dragonesque
6341:Isle of Man
6195:Nova Scotia
6148:Isle of Man
6072:Neopaganism
5816:Monasticism
5327:Caledonians
5125:Síl Conairi
5100:Heremonians
5057:Caherconree
4947:Conaire Mór
4791:Clann Conla
4655:Dál Fiatach
4581:O'Cullinane
4374:Norse–Gaels
4224:Dál nAraidi
4209:Dál Fiatach
4182:Dalcassians
4172:Clan Donald
3984:Gaelic type
3966:Early Irish
3742:Proceedings
3688:Innisfallen
3634:Woolf, Alex
3527:Etext (pdf)
2730:Bannerman,
2426:Bannerman,
2360:Bannerman,
2334:Bannerman,
1881:Charlemagne
1490:Strathclyde
1430:River Forth
1382:Dál nAraidi
1295:or another
1289:Druim Alban
1241:Conaire Mór
1233:Síl Conairi
1117:Anglo-Saxon
1113:Insular art
1090:Newtownards
1086:Saint Olcán
1047:Lindisfarne
1030:hagiography
1019:Life of St
997:Celtic gods
922:archipelago
899:Dunseverick
891:Dun Ollaigh
751:Pastoralism
633:Dál Fiatach
623:comes from
605:Dál Riatans
540:Northumbria
522:kingdom of
516:Strathclyde
514:kingdom of
508:Isle of Man
478:insular art
466:Dunseverick
217:Preceded by
32:Dál nAraidi
9379:Categories
9319:Donncoirce
9271:Fiannamail
9051:FitzGerald
8984:Eóganachta
8871:Ó Domhnail
8507:MacDougall
8502:Mac Coitir
8404:Brunanburh
8299:Lunnasting
7776:Parliament
7646:Literature
7631:Government
7599:Demography
7371:– in Italy
7273:Ceathairne
7137:Gallaecian
6767:Road bowls
6672:Eisteddfod
6640:Calan Awst
6636:Lughnasadh
6242:Literature
6105:definition
5928:Clan chief
5715:Roman Gaul
5706:Hen Ogledd
5432:including
5414:including
5140:Siol Alpin
5033:Mesca Ulad
5011:Literature
4882:O'Connolly
4830:O'Gloherny
4719:O'Hennessy
4706:O'Driscoll
4663:MacDonlevy
4533:MacQuarrie
4498:Mackintosh
4192:Eóganachta
4168:Clan Colla
3925:Brehon law
3874:Penal Laws
3864:Jacobitism
3176:References
2808:Campbell,
2278:Campbell,
2229:NatureScot
2125:. Broun's
2115:Caustantín
1872:video game
1825:Julian May
1762:In fiction
1752:Strathearn
1726:to occupy
1724:Great Glen
1716:Malcolm II
1704:Innse Gall
1688:Alex Woolf
1636:Gaelicised
1571:, his son
1531:Donncoirce
1515:Uí Tuirtri
1438:Æthelfrith
1202:Fergus Mór
1148:Ardchattan
1128:high cross
1066:Applecross
926:peninsulas
831:Strathearn
528:Æthelfrith
489:Fergus Mór
440:) and the
428:(based on
420:(based in
146:Fergus Mór
116:Government
105:Demonym(s)
84:Old Gaelic
9296:Muiredach
9241:Domangart
9128:Somhairle
8999:Raithlind
8964:Uí Briúin
8954:Connachta
8856:Connachta
8836:Dál Riata
8808:Mathrafal
8788:Aberffraw
8770:Somhairle
8660:Lancaster
8630:Knýtlinga
8522:MacDonald
8492:Somhairle
8366:Etymology
8347:Old Norse
8309:Sandsting
8249:Ounceland
8142:Earl's Bu
8132:Camas Uig
8051:Dál Riata
7990:Ingimundr
7626:Geography
7621:Education
7594:Childhood
7523:Dál Riata
7458:Sub-Roman
7303:Redshanks
7278:Ceithearn
7006:Brittonic
6998:Languages
6631:Calan Mai
6622:Gŵyl Fair
6596:Festivals
6411:Interlace
5835:Mythology
5826:Practices
5738:Gallaecia
5352:Galatians
5095:Milesians
4849:O'Queally
4844:O'Brennan
4839:O'Carroll
4826:O'Coveney
4808:O'Horahan
4777:O'Henegan
4760:O'Dinneen
4747:O'Doughan
4678:O'Haughey
4645:O'Donnell
4640:MacDermot
4619:O'Connell
4576:O'Dowling
4571:O'Mulvany
4556:O'Donegan
4548:Múscraige
4528:Mackinnon
4488:MacGregor
4475:Dál Riata
4467:and septs
4465:Kindreds
4319:Gael Linn
4232:Cíarraige
4228:Conmaicne
4201:Dál Riata
4176:Uí Mháine
4160:Connachta
4142:Genealogy
4065:Old Irish
3899:Gaeltacht
3824:Dál Riata
3680:Tigernach
3369:0020-157X
3182:Adomnán,
3109:, p. 277.
2972:Adomnán,
2884:Adomnán,
2785:Antiquity
2490:Adomnán,
2351:, p. 122.
2323:eponymous
1894:ruled by
1837:Lost Girl
1800:The Eagle
1778:Caledones
1615:, son of
1581:Muiredach
1544:defeated
1442:Degsastan
1434:Bernician
1428:, on the
1319:Airgíalla
1285:Highlands
1229:eponymous
1222:Old Irish
1084:and with
949:war fleet
910:seafaring
895:Dunaverty
867:Dunaverty
848:Airgíalla
728:Kilmartin
664:Dalradian
637:Dál gCais
625:Old Irish
619:Dál Riata
615:The name
512:Brittonic
482:seafaring
462:Dunaverty
322:Dál Riada
318:Dál Riata
90:Religion
47:Dál Riata
18:Dal Riata
9369:Scotland
9118:Uí Ímair
9053:(Norman)
9047:(Norman)
9040:Ó Ruairc
9025:Ó Briain
9009:Uí Ímair
8969:Uí Néill
8891:Ó Briain
8861:Uí Néill
8735:Galloway
8730:Uí Ímair
8725:Bernicia
8687:Scotland
8640:Normandy
8620:Uí Ímair
8605:Bernicia
8517:Macruari
8487:Uí Ímair
8424:Epiphany
8409:Clontarf
8383:Hebrides
8329:Language
8314:Tingwall
8289:Dingwall
8276:Althings
8266:Udal law
8227:Hogbacks
8162:Maeshowe
8147:Jarlshof
8091:Scotland
8076:Shetland
8061:Lochlann
7995:Ljótólfr
7878:Uí Ímair
7656:Religion
7641:Language
7636:Identity
7563:Scotland
7538:Gododdin
7533:Galloway
7508:Bernicia
7503:Bamburgh
7288:Gaesatae
7179:dialects
7142:Lepontic
7132:Galatian
7034:Goidelic
6884:Autonomy
6799:Politics
6752:Rounders
6604:Calendar
6577:Scotland
6562:Cornwall
6557:Brittany
6445:Clothing
6396:Knotwork
6374:Brooches
6346:Scotland
6331:Cornwall
6326:Brittany
6205:Y Wladfa
6160:Scotland
6124:Cornwall
6112:Brittany
5963:Seanchaí
5958:Tanistry
5918:Derbfine
5847:Scottish
5733:Brittany
5729:Domnonée
5725:Armorica
5720:Britonia
5702:Dumnonia
5677:Dálriata
5362:Lepontii
5357:Helvetii
5342:Gallaeci
5203:Category
5078:articles
5076:Related
4859:O'Broder
4854:MacBreen
4834:O'Dunphy
4821:O'Brophy
4817:O'Phelan
4804:O'Delany
4781:O'Kevane
4770:O'Cronin
4751:O'Dunlea
4742:O'Doheny
4738:O'Longan
4734:O'Twomey
4701:O'Downey
4696:O'Coffey
4668:MacNulty
4636:O'Baskin
4609:O'Falvey
4591:O'Quirke
4538:Paterson
4518:MacAulay
4503:MacLaren
4483:MacAlpin
4416:Category
4378:Uí Ímair
4255:Scottish
4164:Uí Néill
4137:Nobility
4049:Language
2829:(1999).
2644:22 March
2618:22 March
2613:BBC Home
2593:Foster,
2398:Gartnait
2347:Watson,
2156:Leinster
2152:Atacotti
2075:(2003).
1922:See also
1907:Dalriada
1896:Áed Find
1803:(2011).
1695:Uí Ímair
1673:Frankish
1593:Áed Find
1464:Bamburgh
1402:Limavady
1374:Bridei I
1342:Robogdii
1323:Uí Néill
1321:and the
1070:Kingarth
938:coracles
930:Currachs
883:amphorae
863:Dunollie
712:baronies
645:genitive
561:Áed Find
548:Óengus I
524:Bernicia
506:and the
458:Dunollie
450:hillfort
410:kindreds
379:Scotland
366:) was a
326:Dalriada
305:Scotland
120:Monarchy
9337:Domnall
9276:Selbach
9236:Dúnchad
9226:Ferchar
9191:Comgall
9100:Windsor
9090:Hanover
9062:Ó Néill
9011:(Norse)
8989:Chaisil
8944:Cruthin
8939:Osraige
8934:Dáirine
8876:Ó Néill
8823:Ireland
8803:Gwynedd
8798:Dinefwr
8793:Cunedda
8765:Stewart
8755:Balliol
8740:Dunkeld
8655:Angevin
8585:Wuffing
8572:England
8512:MacLeod
8444:Skyhill
8439:Renfrew
8352:Pictish
8319:Tynwald
8304:Nesting
8284:Delting
8203:Birlinn
8112:Bornish
8039:History
7740:Marches
7666:Warfare
7661:Society
7604:Economy
7528:Fortriu
7341:Deities
7298:Hobelar
7260:Warfare
7223:Warfare
7157:Pictish
7152:Cumbric
7127:Gaulish
7099:Extinct
7019:Cornish
6817:history
6762:Hurling
6736:Ladies'
6727:Curling
6700:Camogie
6627:Beltane
6609:Samhain
6567:Ireland
6336:Ireland
6231:Culture
6200:England
6136:Ireland
6094:Nations
5993:Coinage
5983:Warfare
5876:Society
5867:Cornish
5857:British
5760:Galatia
5750:Balkans
5658:Studies
5395:Cornish
5390:Bretons
5367:Noricum
5322:Britons
5295:Peoples
5155:Munster
5150:Osraige
5110:Dáirine
5067:Dundalk
4814:O'Kealy
4811:O'Brody
4774:O'Baire
4765:O'Feely
4729:O'Leary
4724:O'Leahy
4714:O'Flynn
4710:O'Fealy
4586:O'Flynn
4561:O'Furey
4523:MacAdam
4493:MacDuff
4376:(incl.
4271:Related
4222:(incl.
4199:(incl.
4184:(incl.
4162:(incl.
3744:of the
3715:Bede's
3710:Cornell
3523:Peritia
3164:10 June
3101:Woolf,
3037:Lismore
2950:Byrne,
2732:Studies
2553:(1976).
2479:Studies
2428:Studies
2394:Studies
2366:Studies
2362:Studies
2336:Studies
2301:Celtica
2297:Studies
1953:Dáirine
1834:In the
1744:Circinn
1732:Fortriu
1629:Vikings
1613:Domnall
1597:Fortriu
1573:Selbach
1538:Pictish
1426:Maeatae
1366:Pictish
1338:Munster
1293:Pictish
1264:Albanus
1178:Origins
1173:History
1142:). The
1062:Lismore
1021:Columba
1015:Adomnán
1001:springs
954:oarsmen
934:dugouts
918:piratic
871:Tarbert
842:(later
840:Morvern
776:Kintyre
720:Glenarm
643:is the
565:Fortriu
555:637 to
544:Pictish
520:Anglian
500:
448:). The
432:), the
424:), the
422:Kintyre
383:Ireland
371:kingdom
149:(first)
70:Capital
53:498–850
9390:Érainn
9355:Portal
9314:Fergus
9286:Dúngal
9201:Conall
9196:Gabrán
9123:Crovan
9080:Stuart
8919:Laigin
8851:Laigin
8841:Érainn
8750:Sverre
8700:Óengus
8695:Fergus
8677:Stuart
8635:Godwin
8625:Wessex
8595:Sussex
8580:Mercia
8414:Dollar
8117:Birsay
8096:Norway
8066:Orkney
7904:Bjaðǫk
7846:Rulers
7728:Places
7712:Second
7680:Events
7577:Topics
7558:Rhinns
7553:Orkney
7336:Tribes
7283:Fianna
7070:Shelta
7014:Breton
6834:status
6772:Shinty
6747:Gouren
6711:Cnapan
6705:Cammag
6618:Imbolc
6541:Carnyx
6467:Tartan
6386:Carnyx
6153:Mannin
6129:Kernow
6117:Breizh
5987:Gaelic
5943:Fáinne
5888:Brehon
5862:Breton
5811:Druids
5665:Places
5372:Volcae
5317:Belgae
5278:·
5276:
5270:·
5268:
5262:·
5260:
5115:Darini
5105:Iverni
5050:Places
4937:Cú Roí
4673:MacLea
4614:O'Shea
4513:Macnab
4508:Macfie
4458:Érainn
4238:Ulster
4230:, and
4215:Laigin
4211:, etc)
4197:Érainn
4178:, etc)
4014:Am Mòd
3994:Fáinne
3976:&
3694:, the
3690:, the
3644:
3621:
3607:
3590:
3576:
3559:
3539:
3515:
3501:
3478:
3464:
3447:
3424:
3410:
3387:
3367:
3344:
3330:
3316:
3302:
3285:
3255:
3238:
3224:
3207:
3190:
2669:
2321:their
2160:Scotti
2148:Scotti
2089:
2047:
2025:
1900:Argyll
1736:Gowrie
1720:cenela
1577:Dúngal
1422:Orkney
1350:Érainn
1340:. The
1334:Darini
1330:Iverni
1268:Brutus
1253:Gabrán
1136:Ahenny
1121:Celtic
1094:Bangor
1092:) and
1051:Mercia
1036:, the
1005:groves
942:Viking
914:tribal
875:Dunadd
859:Dunadd
747:barley
698:(from
696:Argyll
603:or as
569:Viking
504:Orkney
454:Dunadd
414:tribes
391:Argyll
368:Gaelic
324:(also
164:(last)
131:
74:Dunadd
9455:Gaels
9435:Ulaid
9301:Eógan
9206:Áedán
9045:Burgh
8929:Ulaid
8831:Ulaid
8813:Tudor
8780:Wales
8760:Bruce
8745:Moray
8715:Alpin
8672:Tudor
8645:Blois
8610:Deira
8600:Essex
8434:Largs
8419:Barry
8399:Bauds
7766:Court
7707:First
7671:Women
7651:Music
7614:Trade
7548:Moray
7543:Isles
7326:Lists
7147:Noric
7062:Mixed
7042:Irish
7024:Welsh
6688:Bando
6681:Sport
6582:Wales
6498:Music
6431:Torcs
6421:Mazes
6351:Wales
6177:Cymru
6172:Wales
6055:Music
5978:Vates
5973:Túath
5923:Druid
5852:Welsh
5842:Irish
5428:Scots
5410:Irish
5405:Gaels
5400:Welsh
5347:Gauls
5337:Gaels
5308:Names
5280:
5272:
5264:
5245:Celts
5175:Ulaid
5085:Gaels
4864:O'Dea
4755:O'Hea
4566:O'Hea
4369:Celts
4220:Ulaid
4186:Déisi
4125:Kings
4112:Irish
4104:Clans
4085:Irish
4029:Túath
3920:Ogham
3790:Gaels
3721:, at
2783:" in
1989:Notes
1748:Angus
1728:Moray
1540:king
1436:king
1386:Ulaid
1315:Ulaid
1218:Reuda
1206:Loarn
1078:Armoy
1049:, to
885:from
819:Cowal
801:Lorne
736:Tiree
732:Islay
641:Riata
601:Gaels
592:Scoti
587:Scots
583:Latin
546:king
446:Cowal
430:Islay
240:Ulaid
110:Scoti
8665:York
8590:Kent
8482:Gunn
8449:Tara
8342:Norn
7498:Alba
7451:Eras
7221:and
7047:Manx
6934:and
6165:Alba
6141:Éire
6060:Rock
5968:Sept
5948:Fili
5883:Bard
5681:Alba
5423:Manx
5247:and
4380:and
4260:List
4152:List
4090:Manx
3978:Manx
3829:Alba
3723:CCEL
3686:and
3670:The
3642:ISBN
3619:ISBN
3605:ISBN
3588:ISBN
3574:ISBN
3557:ISBN
3537:ISBN
3513:ISBN
3499:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3462:ISBN
3445:ISBN
3422:ISBN
3408:ISBN
3385:ISBN
3365:ISSN
3342:ISBN
3328:ISBN
3314:ISBN
3300:ISBN
3283:ISBN
3253:ISBN
3236:ISBN
3222:ISBN
3205:ISBN
3188:ISBN
3166:2019
2667:ISBN
2646:2024
2620:2024
2492:Life
2475:Life
2402:Life
2305:ESSH
2236:2022
2171:See
2150:and
2113:and
2087:ISBN
2045:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1740:Fife
1702:and
1579:and
1529:and
1453:Skye
1394:Iona
1332:and
1266:and
1239:and
1214:Bede
1210:Alba
1167:cill
1103:The
1074:Eigg
1038:Life
1026:Life
989:Iona
970:Iona
936:and
916:and
887:Gaul
869:and
823:Bute
821:and
807:and
805:Mull
795:The
790:Jura
784:The
770:The
760:The
745:and
743:Oats
734:and
718:and
716:Cary
704:Skye
662:The
649:Bede
635:and
611:Name
518:and
470:Iona
464:and
438:Lorn
127:King
7771:Law
7589:Art
7513:Cat
7231:Law
7219:Law
6361:Art
5953:Law
3735:at
3708:at
3664:at
2993:of
2372:of
1884:DLC
1867:'s
1827:'s
1823:In
1766:In
1756:Mar
1746:as
1548:at
1440:at
1384:of
1225:dál
1198:Erc
1017:'s
905:).
714:of
629:Dál
452:of
412:or
397:in
377:of
328:) (
320:or
203:850
193:498
9381::
7518:Cé
5731:/
5727:/
5713:/
5704:/
5700:/
5696:/
5692:/
5688:/
5679:/
4226:,
4207:,
4203:,
4174:,
4170:,
4166:,
3972:,
3968:,
3682:,
3678:,
3568:,
3456:,
3216:,
3199:,
2895:^
2862:^
2848:^
2764:^
2636:.
2611:.
2503:^
2415:in
2252:.
2227:.
2182:^
2062:^
2053:.
2009:^
1997:^
1918:.
1909:.
1869:4X
1847:.
1780:.
1758:.
1631:.
1449:c.
1445:c.
1412:.
1376:,
1352:.
1220:.
1204:,
1138:,
1119:,
1096:.
1011:.
956:.
865:,
861:,
722:.
659:.
639:.
607:.
579:.
557:c.
553:c.
498:r.
460:,
405:.
350:iː
9357::
9162:e
9155:t
9148:v
8556:e
8549:t
8542:v
7831:e
7824:t
7817:v
7434:e
7427:t
7420:v
6738:)
6734:(
6638:/
6629:/
6620:/
6611:/
6180:)
6174:(
6168:)
6162:(
6156:)
6150:(
6144:)
6138:(
6132:)
6126:(
6120:)
6114:(
5989:)
5985:(
5310:)
5306:(
5237:e
5230:t
5223:v
4933:)
4929:(
4450:e
4443:t
4436:v
4384:)
4365:)
4361:(
4234:)
4188:)
3980:)
3964:(
3782:e
3775:t
3768:v
3261:.
3144:.
2675:.
2648:.
2622:.
2311:.
2238:.
2095:.
2029:.
1667:(
1200:—
972:.
901:(
589:(
551:(
495:(
362:/
359:ə
356:d
353:ə
347:r
344:ˈ
341:l
338:æ
335:d
332:/
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
