964:"Considering the critical and terrible situation that the Bulgarian population of the Bitola Vilayet found itself in and following the ravages and cruelties done by the Turkish troops and irregulars,... considering the fact that everything Bulgarian runs the risk of perishing and disappearing without a trace because of violence, hunger, and the upcoming misery, the Head Quarters finds it to be its obligation to draw the attention of the respected Bulgarian government to the pernicious consequences vis-a-vis the Bulgarian nation, in case the latter does not fulfill its duty towards its brethren of race here in an imposing fashion which is necessary by virtue of the present ordeal for the common Bulgarian Fatherland... Being in command of our people's movement, we appeal to you on behalf of the enslaved Bulgarians to help him in the most effective way - by waging a war. We believe that the response of the people in free Bulgaria will be the same... No Bulgarian school is opened, neither will it be opened... Nobody thinks of education when he is outlawed by the state because he bears the name Bulgarian... Waiting for your patriotic intervention, we are pleased to inform you that we have in our disposition the armed forces we have spared by now..."
847:"In Macedonia, the education race produced the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which organized and carried out the Ilinden Uprising of 1903. Most of IMRO's founders and principal organizers were graduates of the Bulgarian Exarchate schools in Macedonia, who had become teachers and inspectors in the same system that had educated them. Frustrated with the pace of change, they organized and networked to develop their movement throughout the Bulgarian school system that employed them. The Exarchate schools were an ideal forum in which to propagate their cause, and the leading members were able to circulate to different posts, to spread the word, and to build up supplies and stores for the anticipated uprising. As it became more powerful, IMRO was able to impress upon the Exarchate its wishes for teacher and inspector appointments in Macedonia." For more see: Julian Brooks, The Education Race for Macedonia, 1878—1903 in The Journal of Modern Hellenism, Vol 31 (2015) pp. 23-58.
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966:; Проф. д-р Веселин Трайков. сп. Македонски преглед, година XIX, 1996, кн. 4, изд. Македонския научен институт, Безсмъртният Даме Груев (17.XII.1871 - 23.XII.1906) стр. 20-21); The whole text in English and the scanned original can be seen in collection "Macedonia, documents and materials", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of history, Bulgarian language institute, Sofia 1978, Document #72, Letter No. 534; More about how the letter was written and sent to the government, see: Mercia MacDermott, Freedom or Death, The Life of Gotsé Delchev, Journeyman Press, London & West Nyack, 1978, p. 379; Alexis Heraclides, The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History, Routledge, 2021,
873:"The last of the significant leaders of the Uprising - Dame Gruev, died one 23 December 1906 in a fight with Turkish soldiers. The Turkish Press described him as the biggest leader of the Bulgarian Revolutionary Committee. French, Austrian, Russian, American and British consuls and ambassadors reported to their governments the preparation and the crushing of the Ilinden Uprising and described it as a Bulgarian event. The Turks themselves described the uprising as a Bulgarian conspiracy." Chris Kostov, Contested Ethnic Identity: The Case of Macedonian Immigrants in Toronto, 1900-1996, Volume 7 of Nationalisms across the globe, Peter Lang, 2010,
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515:(bands) throughout the surrounding mountains began to terrorize the local authorities. Gruev, being suspected as a major factor in fostering this movement, was arrested on 6 August 1900. He was held in Bitola jail until May 1902. However, by using secret writings and ciphers, he was able to remain in contact with the local revolutionary committees and direct the affairs of the revolutionary district of Bitola.
936:"In 1891, Gruev returned to Macedonia and was employed by the Bulgarian Exarchate as a teacher in his native village, Bitola, and in Salonica. In 1893 he was among the founding members of the IMRO." For more see: Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia; Historical Dictionaries of Europe, Second edition; Rowman & Littlefield, 2019;
953:Урош Шешум. Друштво против Срба 1897–1902. Методи и мере бугарске дипломатије, Егзархије и Бугарско-македонско-одринске револуционарне организације против ширења српског утицаја у Јужној Старој Србији и Македонији 1897–1902. (1986) У: Српске студије. - ISSN 2217-5687. - Год. 4, бр. 4 (2013), стр. 73–103. COBISS.SR-ID 203683852.
651:. In 1905 Gruev headed the first General Congress of the organization after the uprising, the so-called Rila Congress. Here Dame Gruev was elected as a member of the Central Committee and became in fact its leader, until his death. Indeed, Dame was the only one who appeared to be capable of mastering
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troops, any progress of the insurrection was made impossible and in a period of six weeks, it was completely crushed. Gruev put himself on the task of touring various revolutionary districts, disarming the insurgents, and storing up the war materials for future use. Gruev and his followers continued
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of 1903, at the instance of a general amnesty, he was released. Gruev hastened to
Thessaloniki and there he found that the Central Committee, which was in charge of the IMARO, had already resolved to declare a general insurrection which was to take place during 1903. Although Gruev was not in accord
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Dimitar Gotsev, Идеята за автономия като тактика в програмите на национално-освободителното движение в Македония и Одринско (1893-1941) ("The idea of the autonomy as a tactic in the programs of the national liberation movements in
Macedonia and Thrace, 1893-1941"). Publishing House of Bulgarian
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The expansion of the IMRO at the time was phenomenal, particularly after Gruev settled in
Thessaloniki during the years 1895–1897, in the quality of a Bulgarian school inspector. Gruev had become the soul and body of the Central revolutionary committee. Under his direction, secret revolutionary
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arrived in Štip with the idea of laying the foundations of a revolutionary movement seeking autonomy for
Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace. Gruev and Delchev met for the first time and shared their ideas there. Gruev introduced Delchev to the plan already outlined by the Central Committee of
655:'s ambition for leadership. However, the Rila Congress failed to erase the political differences in the organization. There arose a need to conduct a new special congress in Sofia in December 1906, which never took place. At the end of 1906, Gruev moved with his detachment from
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Academy of
Sciences, Sofia, 1983, p. 18. (Bg.), Memoirs of Milan Matov "The Comitadji Stories", Skopje, 2002, pp. 260-261.(Mk.), Матов, Милан. "Баш комитата разказва, живот за Македония", Културно-благотворителна фондация „Братя Миладинови“ - София, 2002, p. 266 (Bg.)
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where the insurrectionary
Congress was to be held. The purpose of this Congress was to set the date for the declaration of the general insurrection and to outline the methods and tactics in its prosecution. Here Gruev met
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among others, he came up with the
Constitution and By-laws of IMARC. It was to be a secret organization under the guidance of a Central Committee, with local revolutionary committees throughout Macedonia and the region of
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Letter from the
General Staff of the Monastir (Bitola) Revolutionary Region, signed from Dame Gruev to the Bulgarian Government, requestioning military intervention for the salvation of the local Bulgarians.
497:", and a quantity of war materials was purchased. Gruev was again appointed to the teaching staff now in the city of Bitola, and as such, he also assumed the management of the revolutionary movement in the
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as well, and found the local population to be accepting his organization's revolutionary ideas very well. He remained a teacher in Štip during the academic year 1894–1895. In the fall of 1895,
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were used, and channels for secret communication between various other local and
Macedonian committees were maintained. A representative of the Central Revolutionary Committee was sent to
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were elected by the
Congress as the three members of the General Staff and empowered to direct the insurrectionary forces in the Bitola region. Gruev lived to see the retreat of the
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602:. Gruev was elected as chairman of this Congress, and the latter decided that the day of the declaration of the insurrection was to be 2 August 1903. Gruev, Boris Sarafov, and
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An excerpt from the appeal sent to the Bulgarian government by the Ilinden uprising's leaders (General Staff) in the Bitola area. This appeal was written by Gruev himself:
732:, he is regarded as an ethnic Macedonian who paved the way for the emancipation of a Macedonian nation and statehood. His name is part of the Macedonian national anthem "
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405:. In accordance with the Constitution, the first Central Revolutionary Committee was formed in the summer of 1894, under the chairmanship of Hristo Tatarchev.
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region to apply himself to a new revolutionary organization. In order to carry out his plans more successfully, and possibly to avert the suspicion of the
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Roumen Dontchev Daskalov and Tchavdar Marinov, Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies, BRILL, 2013,
293:. He was part of a group excluded from the school following a student revolt. In early 1888, the group, consisting of 19 people, including other future
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teacher. The first two years after his return to Macedonia region he spent teaching, first in his native village of Smilevo, and later in the town of
693:"We are Bulgarians and we always work and will work for the unification of the Bulgarian nation. All other formulas are a stage to achieve this goal.
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with the Central Committee's decision, primarily because of the SMARO's lack of preparedness, he gave in to the decision of the Central Committee.
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824:Спомени на Дамянъ Груевъ, Борисъ Сарафовъ и Иванъ Гарвановъ, съобщава Л. Милетичъ, Издава "Македонскиятъ наученъ институтъ" 1927 г. София, стр. 7.
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to take charge of purchasing and dispatching of the necessary war provisions for IMARC. Gruev's tirelessly travelled throughout Macedonia and the
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Lucien J. Frary and Mara Kozelsky, Russian-Ottoman Borderlands: The Eastern Question Reconsidered, University of Wisconsin Pres, 2014,
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and systematically established and organized committees in villages and cities. In 1897, Gruev was also one of the founders of the
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troops from his native village of Smilevo. He was engaged, during the course of the insurrection, in numerous skirmishes with the
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Keith Brown, The Past in Question: Modern Macedonia and the Uncertainties of Nation, Princeton University Press, 2003,
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In his memoirs, IMRO revolutionary Milan Matov wrote that when he met him in June 1906 in Sofia, Gruev told him:
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to attend the special Congress. On 23 December 1906, Dame Gruev and his detachment were discovered by the
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Mercia MacDermott, Freedom or Death. The Life of Gotsé Delchev. Journeyman Press, London, 1978, p. 96.
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Thessaloniki. After this, both Gruev and Gotse Delchev worked together in Štip and its environs.
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Blood Ties: Religion, Violence and the Politics of Nationhood in Ottoman Macedonia, 1878–1908,
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Pål Kolstø, Strategies of Symbolic Nation-building in South Eastern Europe, Routledge, 2016,
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authorities, IMARC decided to dismiss Gruev in 1898. Soon after his dismissal Gruev moved to
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Alexis Heraclides, The Macedonian Question and the Macedonians: A History, Routledge, 2021,
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Dimitar Bechev, Historical Dictionary of North Macedonia, Rowman & Littlefield, 2019,
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He organized a system in which money was collected from Sunday schools through a special "
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In 1904, Dame Gruev chaired the Prilep Congress of the Bitola Revolutionary District of
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in Belgrade. They were later frustrated when they realized that attempts were made to
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Građa za istoriju makedonskog naroda iz Arhiva Srbije: knj. 2. 1886-1887
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228:: Дамјан Јованов Груев January 19, 1871 – December 23, 1906) was а
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Gruev and his students from a Bulgarian school in Shtip in 1894.
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the work of organization and preparation for another uprising.
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Also known in the Serbian historiography as Damjan Grujić (
671:(Maleševo district). Gruev and his band were confronted by
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924:, İpek Yosmaoğlu, Cornell University Press, 2013, pp.
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forces and in the following skirmish, he was killed.
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and others, he began to issue a revolutionary paper.
1056:Даме Груев е меѓу најмаркантните македонски лидери,
1044:Регистър на училищата и университетите в България -
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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356:Next, Gruev left the university and returned to
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1046:17 Средно училище Дамян Груев, Град София
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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571:Thessaloniki
555:Podroum Kale
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547:Hristo Matov
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509:Hristo Matov
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488:Vasil Paskov
464:nom de plume
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409:1894 to 1900
401:like in the
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374:Thessaloniki
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318:
315:Great School
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202:Organization
170:(1906-12-23)
105:
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58:"Dame Gruev"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1203:1906 deaths
1198:1871 births
649:Pere Toshev
539:Podrum Kale
505:Pere Toshev
431:Pere Toshev
261:Early years
240:regions of
188:Nationality
1192:Categories
1091:0299298043
1074:1317049365
1033:0691099952
991:, p. xxvi.
942:1538119625
879:3034301960
812:References
782:Macedonian
723:Antarctica
711:Gruev Cove
523:See also:
460:pseudonyms
391:Adrianople
311:serbianize
226:Macedonian
146:1871-01-17
125:Dame Gruev
69:newspapers
1093:, p. 331.
1076:, p. 188.
1035:, p. 173.
944:, p. 133.
898:, p. 210.
864:, p. 300.
778:Bulgarian
559:Macedonia
339:Macedonia
256:Biography
242:Macedonia
232:teacher,
230:Bulgarian
218:Bulgarian
196:Bulgarian
1018:, p. 37.
748:See also
700:Bulgaria
669:Rusinovo
600:Bulgaria
543:Anatolia
519:Uprising
427:Negotino
323:Bulgaria
299:Belgrade
177:Rusinovo
99:May 2023
798:Serbian
673:Ottoman
665:Turkish
616:Ottoman
608:Turkish
591:Smilevo
480:Ottoman
362:Turkish
319:en bloc
275:Smilevo
238:Ottoman
192:Ottoman
154:Smilevo
83:scholar
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679:Legacy
583:Easter
577:, and
575:Bitola
563:Thrace
513:chetas
507:, and
484:Bitola
447:Struga
445:, and
399:rayons
395:Edirne
370:Prilep
246:Thrace
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760:Notes
661:Sofia
581:. On
579:Sofia
567:IMARO
468:Sofia
462:or a
443:Ohrid
439:Resen
90:JSTOR
76:books
1087:ISBN
1070:ISBN
1029:ISBN
1012:ISBN
985:ISBN
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892:ISBN
875:ISBN
858:ISBN
702:and
641:Serb
637:IMRO
561:and
549:and
435:Štip
384:and
295:IMRO
244:and
165:Died
140:Born
62:news
792:as
728:In
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