500:
554:
34:
2144:
403:
1527:
627:
There is no permanent population, although there are 12 active research stations housing a maximum average of 40 scientists, the numbers fluctuating depending on the season. Six are occupied year-round, while the remainder are seasonal summer stations. The main aerodromes for intercontinental
308:
apply to the dependencies, as do other laws that explicitly state they are valid in each dependency. The act further establishes that all land in the dependencies belongs to the state, and prohibits the storage and detonation of nuclear products. Since 5 May 1995,
526:
and vertical cliffs. The long stretches of ice caps are supplemented with rock outcrops. Landing is only possible at three points, and only during the short period of the year in which the island is not surrounded by pack ice. The island is a
313:
has required all
Norwegian activity in Antarctica, including Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land, follow international environmental law for Antarctica. All Norwegian citizens who plan activities must therefore report them the
800:
977:
241:. While the treaty does not affect these claims, the only states that recognize Norwegian sovereignty also have Antarctic claims. The dependencies are administered by the Polar Affairs Department of the
596:, and a tall ice wall stretches throughout its coast. In some areas further within the ice sheet, mountain ranges breach through the ice, allowing for birds to breed and the growth of a limited
1637:
792:
535:
at 1,640 metres (5,380 ft) elevation, it is named for Lars
Christensen. Peter I Island is the only claim between 90°W and 150°W and is also the only claim that is not a
1658:
318:, which may deny any non-conforming activity. All people visiting the area must follow laws regarding protection of nature, treatment of waste, pollution and insurance for
883:
234:
regulates some aspects of that Arctic territory, it acknowledges that the islands are part of Norway. Similarly, Jan Mayen is recognized as an integral part of Norway.
2089:
1630:
1392:
1074:
624:. There is no ice-free land at the coast; the coast consists of a 20-to-30-metre-high (66 to 98 ft) wall of ice throughout almost the entire territory.
2289:
1623:
1040:
2208:
729:
2263:
1010:
925:
2082:
2051:
2046:
282:
242:
1261:
1385:
1336:
1191:
696:
518:
of continental
Antarctica. It has an area of 154 square kilometres (59 sq mi). The island is almost entirely covered by
2075:
113:
1161:
733:
891:
861:
822:
1746:
1378:
921:
887:
796:
2201:
947:
1709:
973:
943:
763:
2238:
2217:
1116:
2233:
1729:
1401:
1063:
2284:
2194:
2016:
1604:
1428:
1112:
578:
969:
499:
759:
427:
1817:
1032:
915:"Country classifications in migration statistics – present situation and proposals for a Eurostat standard"
446:. The island has an area of 49 square kilometres (19 sq mi), of which 93 percent is covered by a
2011:
1492:
1480:
674:
574:
522:, with about 95% of the surface covered by ice. Surrounding the island is a 40-metre (130 ft) tall
382:
King Harald V became the first reigning monarch to visit
Antarctica. He visited Queen Maud Land in 2015.
269:
The dependency status entails that each is not part of the
Kingdom of Norway but still under Norwegian
1305:
261:
apply to the dependencies, as do other laws that explicitly state they are valid on the dependencies.
1822:
1340:
1265:
1235:
1157:
1036:
1006:
737:
700:
315:
33:
2056:
1300:
1187:
1002:
645:
641:
2067:
664:
1448:
914:
609:
482:
379:
Queen Maud Land (45°E to 20°E) was formally claimed as a
Norwegian possession on 14 January 1938.
238:
2243:
2114:
2098:
2021:
1453:
1070:
473:. Landing on the island is very difficult, as it normally experiences high seas and features a
278:
141:
1963:
485:
surrounding the island covers an area of 441,163 square kilometres (170,334 sq mi).
430:
in the world, approximately 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) south-southwest off the coast of
1848:
1615:
1269:
605:
601:
435:
1344:
1183:
704:
1593:
1588:
1485:
1423:
532:
514:
Peter I Island is a volcanic island located 450 kilometres (280 mi) off the coast of
8:
2258:
1773:
1443:
621:
613:
593:
219:
175:
163:
124:
1812:
2228:
1978:
669:
570:
566:
415:
365:
Bouvet Island was claimed in 1927 (formally in 1930; in 1935 the island was declared a
203:
199:
167:
100:
93:
2253:
1973:
1827:
1724:
1694:
1239:
857:
826:
617:
319:
1739:
1153:
553:
2041:
2031:
1761:
1704:
1370:
337:
237:
Both Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land are south of 60°S and are thus part of the
1734:
2174:
2131:
1906:
1778:
1751:
1570:
1549:
1513:
1505:
1458:
597:
586:
561:
Queen Maud Land is a 2.7 million km (1.7 million sq mi) sector of
548:
536:
470:
439:
231:
211:
191:
72:
2167:
2026:
1968:
1948:
1901:
1863:
1766:
1719:
1497:
939:
637:
528:
515:
494:
423:
419:
366:
355:
305:
258:
215:
207:
187:
67:
1714:
1415:
2278:
2161:
1983:
1891:
1858:
1802:
1756:
1699:
1678:
1562:
1468:
504:
397:
330:
310:
281:. Norwegian administration is handled by the Polar Affairs Department of the
179:
62:
1875:
1433:
858:"Lov om Bouvet-øya, Peter I's øy og Dronning Maud Land m.m. (bilandsloven)"
823:"Lov om Bouvet-øya, Peter I's øy og Dronning Maud Land m.m. (bilandsloven)"
633:
469:
in the late 1950s, is the only easy place to land and is the location of a
431:
334:
297:
250:
183:
2186:
1654:
1463:
1108:
474:
411:
301:
270:
254:
2036:
1792:
1787:
1541:
1526:
1473:
562:
466:
443:
359:
326:
195:
1870:
1807:
462:
2122:
1896:
1673:
1438:
629:
589:, the territory comprises one-sixth of the total area of Antarctica.
523:
227:
1236:"Minifacts about Norway 2011: 2. Geography, climate and environment"
2127:
2097:
2001:
1911:
582:
478:
370:
223:
585:
limits of the territory are not officially defined. Positioned in
450:. The center of the island is an ice-filled crater of an inactive
402:
2006:
1958:
1932:
1853:
1797:
519:
451:
447:
434:
and approximately 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) north of the
2143:
2106:
1927:
458:
159:
1645:
767:
1953:
1843:
503:
Coastline of Peter I Island, visited during an expedition of
354:
On 14 December 1911 five
Norwegians, under the leadership of
286:
274:
246:
787:
785:
557:
Norway's main research station, Troll, in Queen Maud Land.
410:
Bouvetøya (Bouvet Island) is an uninhabited subantarctic
341:
782:
2130:(special area of internal sovereignty, subject to the
1657:
but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see
376:
Peter I Island was claimed in 1929 (formally in 1931).
273:. Specifically, this implies that a dependency can be
214:
located 450 kilometres (280 mi) off the coast of
531:, although it is not known if it is still active. An
1400:
913:Takle, Mona Takle; Vassenden, Kåre (March 1998).
2276:
230:is formally considered a dependency. While the
16:Territories of Norway in the Southern Hemisphere
912:
644:research station, and a runway at the Russian
2202:
2083:
1631:
1386:
926:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
724:
722:
465:, lie along the coast. Nyrøysa, created by a
264:
136:2,700,203 km (1,042,554 sq mi)
2052:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
2047:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
296:of 24 March 1933 establishes that Norwegian
2290:Dependent territories of European countries
277:without violating the first article of the
2216:
2209:
2195:
2090:
2076:
1646:Outlying territories of European countries
1638:
1624:
1393:
1379:
1254:
850:
719:
477:. During the winter, it is surrounded by
218:of continental Antarctica. Despite being
1055:
592:Most of the territory is covered by the
552:
498:
406:Southeast coast of Bouvet Island in 1898
401:
1320:
1025:
997:
995:
825:(in Norwegian). Lovdata. Archived from
325:Bouvetøya has been designated with the
243:Ministry of Justice and Public Security
114:Ministry of Justice and Public Security
2277:
1136:
1134:
734:Norwegian Climate and Pollution Agency
174:), all uninhabited and located in the
2190:
2071:
1747:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
1619:
1374:
1148:
1146:
922:United Nations Statistical Commission
888:Norwegian Ministry of the Environment
797:Norwegian Ministry of the Environment
1359:
1293:
1284:
1194:from the original on 12 October 2004
1119:from the original on 27 January 2012
1109:"EEZ Waters Of Bouvet Isl. (Norway)"
992:
864:from the original on 2 December 2013
841:
1710:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1329:
1228:
1131:
1092:
974:Geographic Names Information System
950:from the original on 13 August 2010
944:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
764:Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty
414:located in the southern end of the
13:
1143:
1080:from the original on 13 March 2013
1043:from the original on 14 March 2013
1013:from the original on 14 March 2013
803:from the original on 8 August 2011
657:
542:
283:Ministry of Justice and the Police
50:(several active research stations)
14:
2301:
1061:
815:
600:. The region is divided into the
488:
426:, depending on definition. It is
333:and was subsequently awarded the
2142:
1730:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
1525:
1402:Territorial claims in Antarctica
1164:from the original on 29 May 2011
980:from the original on 25 May 2024
32:
1215:
1206:
1176:
1101:
962:
932:
906:
2017:British Indian Ocean Territory
1429:Australian Antarctic Territory
1113:University of British Columbia
876:
752:
689:
579:Australian Antarctic Territory
358:, were the first to reach the
249:, Norway's capital. Norwegian
1:
651:
565:. The territory lies between
628:flights, corresponding with
391:
38:Dependencies of Norway (red)
7:
2012:British Antarctic Territory
1653:Territories under European
1493:Chilean Antarctic Territory
1481:British Antarctic Territory
940:"Delegation Record for .BV"
675:Central Intelligence Agency
575:British Antarctic Territory
10:
2306:
793:"Polar Affairs Department"
546:
492:
395:
348:
265:Government and regulations
2224:
2152:
2139:
2113:
1994:
1941:
1920:
1884:
1836:
1823:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1687:
1666:
1661:for further information).
1651:
1579:
1561:
1534:
1523:
1408:
1341:Norwegian Polar Institute
1266:Norwegian Polar Institute
1158:Norwegian Polar Institute
1037:Norwegian Polar Institute
1007:Norwegian Polar Institute
860:(in Norwegian). Lovdata.
701:Norwegian Polar Institute
316:Norwegian Polar Institute
147:
140:
130:
123:
119:
107:
90:
86:
81:
55:
43:
31:
21:
2057:Turks and Caicos Islands
1188:Global Volcanism Program
646:Novolazarevskaya Station
461:and one smaller island,
386:
1306:Encyclopædia Britannica
970:"Antarctic Convergence"
610:Princess Ragnhild Coast
483:exclusive economic zone
239:Antarctic Treaty System
2285:Dependencies of Norway
2218:Subdivisions of Norway
2022:British Virgin Islands
1212:LeMasurier (1990): 512
1071:BirdLife International
760:"The Antarctic Treaty"
558:
511:
428:the most remote island
418:, either in the South
407:
279:Constitution of Norway
171:
109:• Administrators
1849:Caribbean Netherlands
640:, near the Norwegian
606:Princess Astrid Coast
602:Princess Martha Coast
556:
502:
436:Princess Astrid Coast
405:
164:dependent territories
2244:Integral territories
2115:Unincorporated areas
2099:Unincorporated areas
1594:Uruguayan Antarctica
1589:Brazilian Antarctica
1486:Queen Elizabeth Land
1424:Argentine Antarctica
1337:"Dronning Maud Land"
1326:Stonehouse: 155–156.
1262:"Dronning Maud Land"
946:. 13 November 2009.
697:"Dronning Maud Land"
577:to the west and the
533:ultra prominent peak
220:unincorporated areas
188:South Atlantic Ocean
153:Around 40 scientists
1964:Plazas de Soberanía
1774:Juan de Nova Island
1598:American Antarctica
622:King Haakon VII Sea
620:. Off the coast is
614:Prince Harald Coast
594:Antarctic ice sheet
345:on 21 August 1997.
176:Southern Hemisphere
44:Largest settlements
2264:Former possessions
1979:Chafarinas Islands
1659:inclusion criteria
1605:Spanish Antarctica
1601:Russian Antarctica
1449:Princess Elizabeth
1365:Rubin (2008): 305.
1290:Mills (2003): 540.
1272:on 17 October 2013
829:on 2 December 2013
670:The World Factbook
559:
512:
416:Mid-Atlantic Ridge
408:
204:45th meridian east
200:20th meridian west
2272:
2271:
2184:
2183:
2065:
2064:
1974:Alhucemas Islands
1828:Wallis and Futuna
1740:Saint Paul Island
1725:Kerguelen Islands
1695:Clipperton Island
1613:
1612:
1580:Unrecognized and
1554:
1546:
1518:
1510:
1502:
1454:Kaiser Wilhelm II
1420:
1301:"Queen Maud Land"
1240:Statistics Norway
618:Prince Olav Coast
581:to the east. The
320:search and rescue
194:is the sector of
182:(Bouvetøya) is a
157:
156:
51:
2297:
2239:Towns and cities
2211:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2187:
2147:
2146:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2042:Pitcairn Islands
2032:Falkland Islands
1813:Saint Barthélemy
1762:Glorioso Islands
1735:Amsterdam Island
1705:French Polynesia
1640:
1633:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1552:
1544:
1529:
1516:
1508:
1500:
1418:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1343:. Archived from
1339:(in Norwegian).
1333:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1268:. Archived from
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1219:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1184:"Peter I Island"
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1150:
1141:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1068:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1029:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1018:
999:
990:
989:
987:
985:
966:
960:
959:
957:
955:
936:
930:
929:
919:
910:
904:
903:
901:
899:
894:on 8 August 2011
890:. Archived from
880:
874:
873:
871:
869:
854:
848:
847:Gisle (1999): 38
845:
839:
838:
836:
834:
819:
813:
812:
810:
808:
789:
780:
779:
777:
775:
766:. Archived from
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
736:. Archived from
726:
717:
716:
714:
712:
703:. Archived from
699:(in Norwegian).
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
661:
344:
338:top-level domain
103:
49:
36:
19:
18:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2220:
2215:
2185:
2180:
2175:Queen Maud Land
2148:
2141:
2137:
2132:Svalbard Treaty
2109:
2096:
2066:
2061:
1990:
1937:
1916:
1907:Queen Maud Land
1880:
1832:
1779:Tromelin Island
1752:Bassas da India
1683:
1662:
1647:
1644:
1614:
1609:
1582:Proposed claims
1581:
1575:
1571:Marie Byrd Land
1557:
1550:Yamato Yukihara
1530:
1521:
1514:Ross Dependency
1506:Queen Maud Land
1404:
1399:
1369:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1347:on 21 July 2012
1335:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1152:
1151:
1144:
1140:Barr (1987): 65
1139:
1132:
1122:
1120:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1098:Barr (1987): 59
1097:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1066:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1016:
1014:
1001:
1000:
993:
983:
981:
968:
967:
963:
953:
951:
938:
937:
933:
917:
911:
907:
897:
895:
882:
881:
877:
867:
865:
856:
855:
851:
846:
842:
832:
830:
821:
820:
816:
806:
804:
791:
790:
783:
773:
771:
758:
757:
753:
743:
741:
728:
727:
720:
710:
708:
707:on 21 July 2012
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
677:. 11 April 2012
665:"Bouvet Island"
663:
662:
658:
654:
587:East Antarctica
551:
549:Queen Maud Land
545:
543:Queen Maud Land
497:
491:
471:weather station
440:Queen Maud Land
412:volcanic island
400:
394:
389:
351:
340:
267:
232:Svalbard Treaty
212:volcanic island
192:Queen Maud Land
150:
149:• Estimate
133:
110:
99:
96:
77:
73:Queen Maud Land
48:
39:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2303:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Municipalities
2231:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2191:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2168:Peter I Island
2164:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2095:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:Cayman Islands
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1995:United Kingdom
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1969:Alboran Island
1961:
1956:
1951:
1949:Canary Islands
1945:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1902:Peter I Island
1899:
1894:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1864:Sint Eustatius
1861:
1856:
1846:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1727:
1722:
1720:Crozet Islands
1717:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1547:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1498:Peter I Island
1495:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1444:Mac. Robertson
1441:
1436:
1426:
1421:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1383:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1358:
1328:
1319:
1292:
1283:
1253:
1227:
1214:
1205:
1175:
1142:
1130:
1100:
1091:
1054:
1024:
991:
961:
931:
905:
875:
849:
840:
814:
781:
770:on 3 June 2011
751:
740:on 14 May 2011
718:
688:
655:
653:
650:
638:Troll Airfield
573:, between the
547:Main article:
544:
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529:shield volcano
516:Ellsworth Land
495:Peter I Island
493:Main article:
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489:Peter I Island
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424:Southern Ocean
420:Atlantic Ocean
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367:nature reserve
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356:Roald Amundsen
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216:Ellsworth Land
208:Peter I Island
186:island in the
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20:
2249:Dependencies
2248:
2173:
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2154:Dependencies
2153:
2103:dependencies
2102:
1876:Sint Maarten
1818:Saint Martin
1767:Geyser Shoal
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1345:the original
1331:
1322:
1310:. Retrieved
1304:
1295:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:the original
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1230:
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1196:. Retrieved
1178:
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1154:"Peter I Øy"
1121:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
1082:. Retrieved
1057:
1045:. Retrieved
1027:
1015:. Retrieved
982:. Retrieved
964:
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934:
908:
896:. Retrieved
892:the original
878:
866:. Retrieved
852:
843:
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827:the original
817:
805:. Retrieved
772:. Retrieved
768:the original
754:
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738:the original
730:"Peter I Øy"
709:. Retrieved
705:the original
691:
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668:
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634:South Africa
626:
591:
560:
513:
506:
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432:South Africa
409:
335:country code
324:
322:operations.
298:criminal law
293:
291:
268:
251:criminal law
236:
198:between the
158:
132:• Total
56:Dependencies
1837:Netherlands
1715:Adélie Land
1655:sovereignty
1416:Adélie Land
1064:"Bouvetøya"
1003:"Bouvetøya"
954:5 September
884:"Antarktis"
583:latitudinal
475:steep coast
302:private law
271:sovereignty
255:private law
2279:Categories
2037:Montserrat
1793:Martinique
1788:Guadeloupe
1542:New Swabia
1459:Queen Mary
1225:(2008): 57
652:References
563:Antarctica
507:Polarstern
467:rock slide
444:Antarctica
360:South Pole
327:ISO 3166-2
222:, neither
196:Antarctica
162:has three
142:Population
23:Dependency
2259:Districts
2123:Jan Mayen
1897:Jan Mayen
1674:Greenland
1563:Unclaimed
1276:20 August
1246:21 August
1198:29 August
1168:29 August
1033:"Larsøya"
898:29 August
868:29 August
833:29 August
807:29 August
774:29 August
744:29 August
630:Cape Town
524:ice front
392:Bouvetøya
228:Jan Mayen
168:Norwegian
2229:Counties
2128:Svalbard
2002:Anguilla
1921:Portugal
1912:Svalbard
1469:George V
1312:25 April
1192:Archived
1162:Archived
1117:Archived
1075:Archived
1041:Archived
1011:Archived
978:Archived
948:Archived
862:Archived
801:Archived
681:25 April
571:45° east
567:20° west
510:in 1994.
479:pack ice
459:skerries
224:Svalbard
202:and the
101:Harald V
2254:Regions
2007:Bermuda
1959:Melilla
1933:Madeira
1871:Curaçao
1854:Bonaire
1808:Réunion
1798:Mayotte
1667:Denmark
1434:Enderby
520:glacier
463:Larsøya
452:volcano
448:glacier
422:or the
349:History
94:Monarch
92:•
82:Leaders
2107:Norway
1928:Azores
1885:Norway
1688:France
1553:(Jap.)
1545:(Ger.)
1517:(N.Z.)
1509:(Nor.)
1501:(Nor.)
1464:Wilkes
1409:Claims
1351:10 May
1242:. 2011
1223:et al.
1221:Kyvik
1084:11 May
984:10 May
711:10 May
636:, are
537:sector
481:. The
172:biland
160:Norway
26:Biland
1954:Ceuta
1942:Spain
1844:Aruba
1474:Oates
1419:(Fr.)
1123:9 May
1078:(PDF)
1067:(PDF)
1047:8 May
1017:8 May
918:(PDF)
642:Troll
598:flora
457:Some
387:Areas
371:seals
329:code
275:ceded
210:is a
125:Area
47:None
2101:and
1859:Saba
1439:Kemp
1353:2011
1314:2011
1278:2011
1248:2011
1200:2011
1170:2011
1125:2012
1086:2012
1049:2012
1019:2012
986:2012
956:2010
924:and
900:2011
870:2011
835:2011
809:2011
776:2011
746:2011
713:2011
683:2012
616:and
569:and
369:for
304:and
292:The
287:Oslo
257:and
247:Oslo
226:nor
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438:of
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