319:
2172:
32:
272:. This is supplemented in abundance by archaeological evidence in the northern provinces exposing broken and burnt out buildings and hastily buried objects of piety. The leader of the Egyptian monks who participated in the sack of temples replied to the victims who demanded back their sacred icons:
292:
Am I saying "Stop wanting what you want"? On the contrary, we must be thankful that you want what God wants. That every superstition of the pagans and the
Gentiles should be abolished is what God wants, God has ordered, God has foretold, God has begun to bring about, and in many parts of the world
360:
involved massive desecration of churches, synagogues and other sacred objects and places by leftists. On the night of 19 July 1936 alone, 50 churches were burned. In
Barcelona, out of the 58 churches, only the Cathedral was spared, and similar events occurred almost everywhere in Republican
147:
acts. This can include desecration of sacred books, sacred places or sacred objects. Desecration generally may be considered from the perspective of a particular religion or spiritual activity. Desecration may be applied to natural systems or components, particularly if those systems are part of
401:
with records spanning 500 years were also destroyed. During the war, Islamic architectural heritage posed for
Yugoslav Serb paramilitary and military forces as Albanian patrimony with destruction of non-Serbian architectural heritage being a methodical and planned component of
361:
Spain. All the
Catholic churches in the Republican zone were closed, but the attacks were not limited to Catholic churches, as synagogues were also pillaged and closed, but some small Protestant churches were spared.
301:
If any images stand even now in the temples and shrines...., they shall be torn from their foundations...The temples situated in cities or towns shall be taken for public use. Altars shall be destroyed in all places.
1631:
409:
Revenge attacks against
Serbian religious sites commenced following the conflict and the return of hundreds of thousands of Kosovo Albanian refugees to their homes. During
373:
that took place throughout areas controlled by the Army of the
Republika Srpska (VRS) targeted Bosnian Muslims, and included the destruction of Muslim places of worship.
1691:
397:. In all 225 out of 600 mosques in Kosovo were damaged, vandalised, or destroyed alongside other Islamic architecture during the conflict. Archives belonging to the
1898:
1291:
1826:
1679:
1770:
1175:
1125:
1703:
536:
1217:
2104:
1577:
1571:
1371:
1874:
1790:
1758:
1565:
135:
character, or the disrespectful, contemptuous, or destructive treatment of that which is held to be sacred or holy by a group or individual.
1838:
1785:
1780:
1775:
2092:
1607:
778:"Address by ICTY President Theodor Meron, at Potocari Memorial Cemetery | International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia"
663:
1904:
1276:
1910:
1727:
913:
Riedlmayer, András (2007). "Crimes of War, Crimes of Peace: Destruction of
Libraries during and after the Balkan Wars of the 1990s".
1041:
1637:
1685:
1150:
987:
1886:
1350:
1281:
679:
1934:
1084:
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for committing desecration. Such punishments are justified with orthodox Sikhs, saying "instant justice" is deserving for
96:
2030:
1892:
1210:
1058:
68:
829:
Herscher, Andrew; Riedlmayer, András (2000). "Monument and crime: The destruction of historic architecture in Kosovo".
390:
885:
1814:
1795:
1024:
997:
970:
897:
749:
724:
671:
627:
594:
115:
1868:
631:
417:
75:
236:
Examples of the destruction of pagan temples in the late fourth century, as recorded in surviving texts, describe
2146:
2116:
1246:
2134:
1832:
1203:
53:
1256:
330:
near Madrid, on 7 August 1936, was the most famous of the widespread desecration of images and
Churches. King
2152:
2128:
1916:
1715:
82:
2042:
1940:
1764:
470:
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Sacred sites were now appropriated by
Christianity: "Let altars be built and relics be placed there" wrote
49:
20:
1966:
1391:
540:
398:
1980:
1014:
703:
64:
370:
276:
I peacefully removed your gods...there is no such thing as robbery for those who truly possess Christ.
257:
162:
have specific rules as to what constitutes desecration and what should be done in these circumstances.
1946:
2074:
2050:
2018:
1862:
1667:
1649:
1643:
1601:
1298:
1266:
189:" meaning the desecration of any aspect of Judaism and its beliefs and practices as commanded in the
1880:
1464:
1439:
1381:
1261:
1230:
2157:
1661:
1583:
1176:"'He was running with a Sikh holy book': The 'crime' for which Sikh man was lynched & hacked"
225:
186:
42:
327:
2110:
2086:
1802:
1386:
1359:
1330:
1325:
1251:
817:
2080:
1739:
1524:
1489:
1459:
1308:
1226:
960:
Libraries in Kosova/Kosovo: A General
Assessment and a Short and Medium-term Development Plan
515:
485:
465:
410:
335:
323:
159:
959:
2195:
2062:
1998:
1808:
1619:
1504:
1409:
1340:
1303:
1195:
210:
8:
1974:
1954:
1709:
1595:
1539:
1509:
1474:
1364:
353:
249:
89:
886:"Faith and Politics in Kosovo: The status of Religious Communities in a Secular Country"
691:
2068:
1992:
1986:
1544:
1514:
1499:
1376:
1126:"What is 'beadbi' or sacrilege in Sikhism, which sees Guru Granth Sahib as living Guru"
940:
854:
846:
339:
310:, "so that have to change from the worship of the daemones to that of the true God."
2122:
1850:
1752:
1625:
1469:
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993:
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318:
944:
858:
2140:
2056:
2036:
1856:
1519:
1444:
1271:
930:
922:
838:
643:
480:
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2176:
2098:
2004:
1928:
1922:
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1335:
382:
237:
202:
1110:
632:
https://wesleyscholar.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Augustine-Sermons-20-51.pdf
1844:
1733:
1721:
1534:
1313:
1286:
842:
796:
445:
307:
221:
217:
198:
176:
152:
1042:"Introduction in Destruction of Islamic Heritage in the Kosovo War, 1998-1999"
2189:
2024:
2010:
1820:
1549:
1529:
1424:
659:
560:
510:
449:
1345:
1320:
331:
281:
926:
764:
1613:
794:
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850:
421:
344:
268:
and the wider destruction of holy sites that spread rapidly throughout
261:
151:
To respectfully remove the sacred character of a place or an object is
348:
with a caption calling it part of the "Spanish Reds' war on religion."
1960:
1673:
935:
490:
386:
381:
Numerous Albanian cultural sites in Kosovo were destroyed during the
265:
144:
31:
2171:
1697:
1434:
285:
253:
205:
meaning " Desecration the Name God". In some instances to avoid
890:
The Revival of Islam in the Balkans: From Identity to Religiosity
194:
182:
777:
1494:
437:
342:
newsreel representative and originally published in the London
132:
1016:
Violence taking place: The architecture of the Kosovo conflict
1746:
269:
252:, the destruction of temples and images in, and surrounding,
245:
190:
1225:
797:"Refworld – Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstic (Trial Judgement)"
297:
In the year 407 a decree was issued to the west from Rome:
818:
http://www.icty.org/x/cases/mladic/ind/en/kar-ii950724e.pdf
648:
Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries
241:
704:
Shots of War: Photojournalism During the Spanish Civil War
692:
Lives of the Saints: Supplement of New Saints and Blesseds
338:
at the spot on 30 May 1919. The photograph was taken by a
1088:
1062:
216:
The opposite or converse of Chillul Hashem in Judaism is
1151:"Hindu man beaten to death at Golden Temple in Amritsar"
822:
620:
The Works of Saint Augustine, Part III; Sermons 20 to 51
587:
Christianizing The Roman Empire A.D. 100–400
231:
1899:
Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party
1827:
Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
1680:
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction
951:
609:", Catholic Encyclopedia, 1912, New Advent Web Site.
432:
Desecration is taken harshly by Sikhs. It is called
1019:. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 13.
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1085:"11 years since "March Pogrom" of Serbs in Kosovo"
828:
16:The depriving of something of its sacred character
957:
2187:
666:, p. 80, 168, Cambridge University Press, 2005,
448:. In December, a man was beaten to death at the
795:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
1578:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
1572:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire
989:The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War
288:on removing all tangible symbols of paganism:
1759:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc
1566:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
1211:
1123:
1039:
906:
1881:Violence against Hindus in independent India
1113:. March 20, 2004 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
1033:
958:Frederiksen, Carsten; Bakken, Frode (2000).
892:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 72.
888:. In Roy, Olivier; Elbasani, Arolda (eds.).
2093:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh
1608:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
1124:Sethi, Chitleen K.; ThePrint (2021-12-19).
1059:"Patriarch in memorial service for victims"
1218:
1204:
1006:
912:
865:
260:who seized and destroyed pagan temples in
1728:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
934:
877:
816:ICTY; "Karadzic indictment. Paragraph 19"
364:
209:Judaism would require that its adherents
131:is the act of depriving something of its
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1012:
871:
744:. New York: Franklin Watts. p. 46.
739:
719:. New York: Franklin Watts. p. 45.
714:
581:
579:
577:
575:
573:
565:The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
317:
143:Many consider acts of desecration to be
1692:French Revolutionary dechristianisation
1148:
979:
883:
293:has already in great measure achieved.
2188:
1638:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain
1173:
965:(Report). IFLA/FAIFE. pp. 38–39.
456:which is the "ultimate act of crime".
313:
264:, the levelling of all the temples in
1887:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight
1199:
985:
570:
284:gave a sermon to his congregation in
232:Christianization of the Roman Empire
155:, and is distinct from desecration.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
2031:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
1981:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh
1893:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world
1686:Christianization of the Sámi people
1111:"Kosovo clashes 'ethnic cleansing'"
13:
1117:
334:had consecrated the nation to the
14:
2207:
1875:Violence against Muslims in India
1869:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan
1815:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses
148:naturalistic spiritual religion.
2170:
385:(1998-1999) which constituted a
244:, the destruction of temples in
30:
2147:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel
2117:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
1167:
1142:
1103:
1077:
1051:
810:
788:
770:
758:
733:
708:
697:
589:, Yale University Press, 1984,
41:needs additional citations for
2135:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings
2105:Genocide of Christians by ISIL
1839:Communist Romanian persecution
992:. Reaktion books. p. 85.
690:Burns, Paul and Alban Butler,
684:
653:
650:, Yale University Press, 1997.
637:
618:St. Augustine, Sermon 26 from
612:
599:
554:
529:
503:
197:and hence of God, is known as
1:
2153:2024 Istanbul church shooting
2129:Christchurch mosque shootings
1917:Religious violence in Nigeria
1911:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria
1174:Taskin, Bismee (2021-10-15).
496:
427:
170:
2043:War crimes in the Kosovo War
1833:Communist Polish persecution
1704:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war
1632:Crusades against schismatics
1149:Mehmood, Asif (2021-12-18).
471:Desacralization of knowledge
436:by them. In October 2021, a
158:Some religions, such as the
21:Desecration (disambiguation)
7:
740:Mitchell, David J. (1983).
715:Mitchell, David J. (1983).
459:
399:Islamic Community of Kosovo
280:At the turn of the century
240:' attacks on holy sites in
165:
138:
10:
2212:
843:10.1162/152638100750173083
174:
18:
2167:
2075:South Thailand insurgency
2051:Walisongo school massacre
2019:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus
1668:Expulsion of the Moriscos
1644:European wars of religion
1558:
1402:
1237:
1013:Herscher, Andrew (2010).
376:
371:ethnic cleansing campaign
326:by leftist militiamen at
1465:Extrajudicial punishment
664:The Splintering of Spain
622:, New City Press, 1990,
424:, damaged or destroyed.
2158:Crocus City Hall attack
1905:Persecution of Tibetans
1662:French Wars of Religion
1584:Yellow Turban Rebellion
884:Mehmeti, Jeton (2015).
2111:Iraqi Turkmen genocide
2087:Maspero demonstrations
1935:Huế Phật Đản shootings
986:Bevan, Robert (2007).
662:and Michael Richards,
411:violent unrest in 2004
365:Bosnia and Herzegovina
349:
304:
295:
278:
185:, the "Desecration of
2081:Boko Haram insurgency
1740:Pontic Greek genocide
1650:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
1460:Extrajudicial killing
1227:Religious persecution
927:10.1353/lib.2007.0057
742:The Spanish Civil War
717:The Spanish Civil War
694:2005 Liturgical Press
516:Catholic Encyclopedia
466:Desecration of graves
336:Sacred Heart of Jesus
321:
299:
290:
274:
160:Roman Catholic Church
2063:September 11 attacks
1999:1984 anti-Sikh riots
1863:Rawalpindi massacres
1809:White Terror (Spain)
1620:Massacre at Ayyadieh
1505:Population cleansing
537:"Life of St. Martin"
328:Cerro de los Ángeles
258:Patriarch Theophilus
50:improve this article
19:For other uses, see
1975:Bangladesh genocide
1955:Cultural Revolution
1947:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
1710:Circassian genocide
1596:Rhineland massacres
1510:Population transfer
1475:Forced displacement
1282:Jehovah's Witnesses
1155:The Express Tribune
1040:András Riedlmayer.
354:Red Terror in Spain
322:"Execution" of the
314:Red Terror in Spain
2069:2002 Gujarat riots
1993:Cambodian genocide
1987:Lebanese Civil War
1765:Soviet persecution
1602:Jerusalem massacre
1515:Sectarian violence
1500:Political violence
486:Qur'an desecration
395:Geneva Conventions
350:
2183:
2182:
2123:Rohingya genocide
1851:Direct Action Day
1803:Šahovići massacre
1753:Armenian genocide
1747:Assyrian genocide
1634:(13th–15th cent.)
1628:(12th–16th cent.)
1626:Northern Crusades
1470:Forced conversion
1420:Cultural genocide
1415:Communal violence
1292:post–Cold War era
1277:Eastern Orthodoxy
680:978-0-521-82178-0
440:killed a man for
358:Spanish Civil War
126:
125:
118:
100:
2203:
2175:
2174:
2141:2020 Delhi riots
2057:Kosheh massacres
2037:Bosnian genocide
1857:1946 Bihar riots
1520:Social cleansing
1445:Ethnic cleansing
1220:
1213:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1190:
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1055:
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1046:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1010:
1004:
1003:
983:
977:
976:
964:
955:
949:
948:
938:
910:
904:
903:
881:
875:
869:
863:
862:
826:
820:
814:
808:
807:
801:
792:
786:
785:
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762:
756:
755:
737:
731:
730:
712:
706:
701:
695:
688:
682:
657:
651:
644:Ramsay MacMullen
641:
635:
616:
610:
603:
597:
583:
568:
558:
552:
551:
549:
548:
539:. Archived from
533:
527:
526:
524:
523:
507:
481:Host desecration
476:Flag desecration
418:church buildings
415:Serbian Orthodox
404:ethnic cleansing
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2169:
2163:
2099:Yazidi genocide
2005:Revival Process
1941:Thích Quảng Đức
1929:Buddhist crisis
1923:Istanbul pogrom
1791:1970–1987
1786:1958–1964
1781:1928–1941
1776:1921–1928
1771:1917–1921
1656:Goa Inquisition
1590:Battle of Tours
1580:(c.550–c. 1200)
1574:(c. 324–c. 491)
1554:
1455:Ethnic violence
1450:Ethnic conflict
1398:
1397:
1396:
1351:minority Muslim
1233:
1224:
1194:
1193:
1184:
1182:
1172:
1168:
1159:
1157:
1147:
1143:
1134:
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1122:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1091:. 17 March 2015
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1065:. 17 March 2010
1057:
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1038:
1034:
1027:
1011:
1007:
1000:
984:
980:
973:
962:
956:
952:
911:
907:
900:
882:
878:
870:
866:
827:
823:
815:
811:
799:
793:
789:
776:
775:
771:
763:
759:
752:
738:
734:
727:
713:
709:
702:
698:
689:
685:
658:
654:
642:
638:
617:
613:
604:
600:
585:R. MacMullen, "
584:
571:
559:
555:
546:
544:
535:
534:
530:
521:
519:
509:
508:
504:
499:
462:
430:
413:, more than 35
383:Kosovo conflict
379:
367:
316:
238:Martin of Tours
234:
179:
173:
168:
141:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2209:
2199:
2198:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2125:(2016–ongoing)
2120:
2119:(2014–ongoing)
2114:
2108:
2107:(2014–ongoing)
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2083:(2009–ongoing)
2078:
2077:(2004–ongoing)
2072:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1983:(1971–ongoing)
1978:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1926:
1920:
1919:(1953–ongoing)
1914:
1908:
1907:(1950–ongoing)
1902:
1901:(1949–ongoing)
1896:
1890:
1884:
1883:(1947–ongoing)
1878:
1877:(1947–ongoing)
1872:
1871:(1947–ongoing)
1866:
1860:
1854:
1848:
1845:Noakhali riots
1842:
1836:
1830:
1824:
1818:
1812:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1734:Greek genocide
1731:
1725:
1722:Adana massacre
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1647:
1641:
1635:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1587:
1586:(c.184–c. 205)
1581:
1575:
1569:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1535:State religion
1532:
1527:
1522:
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1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1440:Discrimination
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1392:Zoroastrianism
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1314:Untouchability
1311:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1234:
1231:discrimination
1223:
1222:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1192:
1191:
1166:
1141:
1116:
1102:
1076:
1050:
1032:
1025:
1005:
998:
978:
971:
950:
915:Library Trends
905:
898:
876:
864:
837:(1): 109–110.
821:
809:
787:
769:
757:
750:
732:
725:
707:
696:
683:
652:
636:
611:
598:
569:
553:
528:
501:
500:
498:
495:
494:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
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389:violating the
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308:Pope Gregory I
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222:Sanctification
218:Kiddush Hashem
211:die as martyrs
207:Chillul Hashem
199:Chillul Hashem
177:Chillul Hashem
175:Main article:
172:
169:
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153:deconsecration
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1377:Protestantism
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1047:. p. 11.
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561:Edward Gibbon
557:
543:on 2006-09-09
542:
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511:"Desecration"
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67: –
66:
65:"Desecration"
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2027:(1991–2001)
2007:(1984–1989)
1967:Famen Temple
1957:(1966–1976)
1767:(1922–1991)
1736:(1913–1922)
1429:
1267:Christianity
1257:Baháʼí Faith
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1169:
1158:. Retrieved
1154:
1144:
1133:. Retrieved
1129:
1119:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1053:
1035:
1015:
1008:
988:
981:
953:
918:
914:
908:
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879:
867:
834:
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790:
782:www.icty.org
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619:
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601:
586:
564:
556:
545:. Retrieved
541:the original
531:
520:. Retrieved
514:
505:
453:
441:
438:Nihang Singh
433:
431:
408:
380:
368:
351:
343:
332:Alfonso XIII
324:Sacred Heart
305:
300:
296:
291:
282:St Augustine
279:
275:
235:
215:
206:
180:
157:
150:
145:sacrilegious
142:
128:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
2196:Desecration
2113:(2014–2017)
2101:(2014–2017)
2095:(2013–2016)
2033:(1992–1996)
1995:(1975–1979)
1989:(1975–1990)
1895:(1948–1980)
1841:(1945–1989)
1835:(1945–1989)
1829:(1941–1945)
1823:(1939–1945)
1811:(1936–1975)
1796:legislation
1761:(1917–1990)
1755:(1915–1923)
1749:(1914–1924)
1730:(1912–1913)
1718:(1862–1877)
1700:(1857–1858)
1694:(1789–1801)
1682:(1683–1922)
1676:(1673–1829)
1670:(1609–1614)
1664:(1562–1598)
1658:(1561–1812)
1652:(1526–1791)
1646:(1522–1712)
1640:(1500–1526)
1616:(1184–1908)
1614:Inquisition
1525:Segregation
1490:Intolerance
1430:Desecration
1372:Neopaganism
1365:Persecution
1326:Persecution
1309:Persecution
1272:Catholicism
1252:Exclusivism
1095:7 September
1069:7 September
406:in Kosovo.
356:during the
226:Name of God
129:Desecration
1610:(643–1526)
1485:Iconoclasm
1480:Hate crime
1410:Censorship
1299:Falun Gong
1185:2023-07-06
1160:2023-07-06
1135:2023-07-06
921:(1): 124.
630:(Weblink:
607:Theophilus
547:2009-06-06
522:2007-02-17
497:References
428:In Sikhism
422:desecrated
345:Daily Mail
262:Alexandria
195:Jewish Law
187:God's Name
171:In Judaism
76:newspapers
1961:Four Olds
1674:Test Acts
1540:Terrorism
1382:Rastafari
1331:Ahmadiyya
936:2142/3784
831:Grey Room
491:Vandalism
387:war crime
340:Paramount
250:Marcellus
220:meaning "
201:from the
2190:Category
2177:Religion
1698:Utah War
1568:(64–313)
1545:Violence
1435:Domicide
1387:Yazidism
1304:Hinduism
1262:Buddhism
1238:By group
1180:ThePrint
1130:ThePrint
945:38806101
859:57566872
804:Refworld
460:See also
286:Carthage
254:Carthage
166:Examples
139:Overview
1931:(1963)
1688:(1700s)
1403:Methods
1360:Judaism
1346:Sunnism
1336:Shi'ism
1247:Atheism
851:1262553
567:", ch28
444:of the
183:Judaism
90:scholar
2160:(2024)
2149:(2023)
2143:(2020)
2137:(2019)
2131:(2019)
2089:(2011)
2071:(2002)
2065:(2001)
2059:(2000)
2053:(2000)
2045:(1999)
2039:(1995)
2021:(1990)
2013:(1989)
2001:(1984)
1977:(1971)
1969:(1966)
1963:(1966)
1949:(1963)
1943:(1963)
1937:(1963)
1925:(1955)
1913:(1950)
1889:(1948)
1865:(1947)
1859:(1946)
1853:(1946)
1847:(1946)
1817:(1933)
1805:(1924)
1724:(1909)
1712:(1864)
1706:(1860)
1622:(1191)
1604:(1099)
1598:(1096)
1559:Events
1495:Pogrom
1341:Sufism
1023:
996:
969:
943:
896:
857:
849:
767:p. 215
748:
723:
678:
670:
634:(PDF))
626:
593:
454:beadbi
442:beadbi
434:beadbi
377:Kosovo
256:, the
203:Hebrew
133:sacred
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1592:(732)
1321:Islam
1045:(PDF)
963:(PDF)
941:S2CID
855:S2CID
847:JSTOR
800:(PDF)
765:Payne
420:were
391:Hague
270:Egypt
246:Syria
191:Torah
97:JSTOR
83:books
1229:and
1097:2015
1071:2015
1021:ISBN
994:ISBN
967:ISBN
894:ISBN
746:ISBN
721:ISBN
676:ISBN
668:ISBN
624:ISBN
591:ISBN
393:and
369:The
352:The
266:Gaza
242:Gaul
224:the
193:and
69:news
1550:War
1089:B92
1063:B92
931:hdl
923:doi
839:doi
563:, "
248:by
228:".
181:In
52:by
2192::
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729:.
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119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
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46:.
23:.
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