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383:
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ideal until it was revealed that it was designed in
Britain but made in China, evoking worries about the decline of British manufacturing industry. Another example, occurred in 2015 in Taiwan, where clash of culture symbolism occurred between a British minister and the Taipei Mayor, where giving watches or clocks have different symbolic meanings in UK and Chinese cultures, where the former is more positive and latter is more negative.
26:
870:
211:
wrote that
Beaumont had blotted his reputation by "mechanicall tricks" when he left England, by asking for a greater gift of silver plate, receiving two horses and "pictures great and small with jewells", with gifts from English noblemen of his acquaintance. By "mechanical", Chamberlain means conduct
355:
Diplomatic gifts have the potential to seal international friendships, but also to be rebuffed, to seem mismatched, or to accidentally send the wrong message. Taiwan rejected the People's
Republic of China's offer of a panda. A 2012 gift of a "British" table tennis table to President Obama seemed
258:
as gifts to distribute at the
English court. Against the current custom in Antwerp he tried to buy the jewellery on a sale-or-return basis and was flatly refused. Velasco gave jewels to prominent figures in the houseshold of Anne of Denmark who seemed likely to promote the Catholic cause.
49:, politician or leader when visiting a foreign country. Usually the gift is reciprocated by the host. The use of diplomatic gifts dates back to the ancient world and givers have competed to outdo each other in the lavishness of their gifts. Examples include silks given to the West by the
382:
282:
and sash. He presented a crystal and gilt cup to Anne of
Denmark during a banquet. King James gave him a vintage service of gilt plate, and Anne of Denmark gave him diamond-set locket with miniature portraits of herself and the king, which cost £1000, with a pearl
106:. Ottoman diplomatic practices were mainly geared towards establishing Ottoman superiority in any foreign relations, and the exchange of gifts reinforced that view of "universal empire" that governed the bombastic diplomatic rhetoric of the empire.
137:
once said "If we can't find money to give the ministers their usual presents ... we who have ever passed with an esteem superior to all other nations shall make ourselves the most contemptible." Similar observations were made by
198:
Diplomats brought gifts from the monarchs they represented and were typically given presents for themselves when they left, often at an audience ceremony known as "taking leave". A French ambassador at the court of
322:
gifted intimate portraits of himself to representatives from Italy, Great
Britain, the United States, and France as part of treaty negotiations with the West over control of land and trade in China after the
117:"Whoever is acquainted with the Oriental practice, and knows the ostentation, pride, and haughtiness of the Turkish government, must know that they look upon, and consider such presents as actual tributes."
401:
370:
146:"money is the supreme mover of all measures in this corrupt, irregular, ill-conducted government; however that might reflect upon a Christian state, it carries no infamy with it here."
412:
800:
103:
247:
421:
446:
The
Montenegro Minister of Defense and a U.S. Navy officer exchange gifts in 2007 during a reception to mark the first year of Montenegro's independence.
133:
formal relations should be established. This culture was associated with corruption and bribery, and was essential to maintaining diplomatic relations.
782:
818:
188:
905:
408:
204:
160:
172:
635:
Tracey
Sowerby, 'Negotiating the Royal Image: Portrait Exchanges in Elizabethan and Early Stuart Diplomacy', Helen Hackett,
854:
Jacoby, D. "Silk economics and cross-cultural artistic interaction: Byzantium, the Muslim World, and the
Christian West",
773:
James A. Baker III, The
Politics of Diplomacy: Revolution, War and Peace, 1989–1992 (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1993)
122:
176:
874:
537:
232:
275:
208:
264:
514:
Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the Twenty-fourth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, March 1990.
494:
Byzantine Diplomacy: Papers from the Twenty-fourth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, March 1990.
501:
376:
Casket with Sinhalese and Christian imagery. A gift from the King of Kotte to the King of Portugal, c. 1557.
260:
582:
652:
Rachael Poole & Reginald Lane Poole, 'An outline of the history of the De Critz family of painters',
192:
578:
512:"The luxury book as diplomatic gift" by John Lowden in Shepard J. & Franklin, Simon. (Eds.) (1992)
890:
392:
271:
or feather jewel studded with 75 diamonds, both pieces supplied by a Brussels jeweller Jean Guiset.
596:
Miles Kerr-Peterson & Michael Pearce, 'James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts',
243:
227:
had given to Beaumont and his wife Anne Rabot, the portrait miniatures mentioned by Chamberlain.
110:
566:
British-Ottoman Relations, 1661-1807: Commerce and Diplomatic Practice in 18th-century Istanbul
551:
British-Ottoman Relations, 1661-1807: Commerce and Diplomatic Practice in 18th-century Istanbul
466:
17:
389:
The Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia, Archduchess of Austria, pictured together with her dwarf
691:
England and Spain in the Early Modern Era: Royal Love, Diplomacy, Trade and Naval Relations
427:
251:
216:
82:
163:
and assessed the value of the lands and palaces granted to her by James VI. The goldsmith
8:
787:
525:
344:
492:"Silken diplomacy" by Anna Muthesius in Shepard J. & Franklin, Simon. (Eds.) (1992)
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and the other Danish envoys. Foulis made four gold chains for ambassadors attending the
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336:
304:
300:
279:
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533:
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54:
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739:, "Surrounded with brilliants: Miniature portraits in eighteenth century England",
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50:
30:
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Exchequer records give some detail of the gifts given to Beaumont. The goldsmiths
900:
324:
224:
207:, was rumoured to have caused offence by unexpectedly requesting valuable gifts.
156:
139:
58:
736:
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were paid £459 in October 1606 for "two pictures of gold set with stone" which
200:
159:
came to Scotland in May 1590 she was accompanied by diplomats who attended her
99:
884:
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Narratives of Free Trade: The Commercial Cultures of Early US-China Relations
657:
312:
236:
164:
74:
819:"British minister in cultural gaffe after giving Taipei mayor 'taboo' watch"
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The role of gift giving in establishing diplomatic relations is seen in the
431:
220:
184:
180:
134:
685:
Gustav Ungerer, 'Juan Pantoja de la Cruz and the Circulation of Gifts',
168:
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criticize the submission of the foreign ambassadors to Ottoman rulers:
78:
757:"The Face of Diplomacy in 19th-Century China: Qiying's Portrait Gifts"
81:
of Francia a mechanical organ intended to indicate the superiority of
801:
David Cameron's table tennis table gift to Barack Obama made in China
471:
308:
307:, goldsmiths to the British royal family and government, prepared 22
284:
756:
584:
Papers Relative to the Marriage of King James the Sixth of Scotland
268:
46:
34:
25:
340:
255:
869:
637:
Early Modern Exchanges: Dialogues Between Nations and Cultures
530:
The inheritance of Rome: A history of Europe from 400 to 1000.
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of Denmark were heavier and more costly than those given to
689:, vol. 26 (1998), pp. 151-2: Óscar Alfredo Ruiz Fernández,
242:
A Spanish ambassador involved in the negotiations for the
274:
During his time in London, in August 1604, Velasco gave
98:
Gift giving was an important part of the culture of the
263:
received a gold anchor studded with 39 diamonds, and
415:, presenting a diplomatic gift in his host country.
725:Relación de la Jornada del Condestable de Castilla
231:gave Beaumont portraits of himself and his father
882:
467:"Golden hoard of Winchester gives up its secret"
125:. First the queen sends gifts of tribute called
763:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 131–148.
343:from the Foreign Minister of the Soviet Union,
464:
318:In the mid 19th century, the Chinese diplomat
816:
719:(London: Longman, 1970), 96–97: Henry Ellis,
167:provided gold chains as diplomatic gifts for
807:, 18 March 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
791:, 24 March 2006. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
783:We're not wild about your pandas, China told
745:, Vol. 83, No. 1, (March 2001), pp. 48–71.
723:, series 2 vol. 3 (London, 1827), 211–15:
639:(Ashgate, 2015), p. 121: Frederick Devon,
600:(Woodbridge, 2020), pp. 56, 77-78, 81, 87.
287:or necklace, for his wife, described as a
817:France-Presse, Agence (27 January 2015).
662:Paintings and Sculpture at Hatfield House
88:
61:by the Chinese in the twentieth century.
586:(Edinburgh, 1836), p. 34, Appendix p. 16
24:
598:Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI
430:were often used as diplomatic gifts by
395:. A gift to James VI of Scotland, 1603.
335:When he was the US Secretary of State,
205:Christophe de Harlay, Count of Beaumont
150:
129:and with the acceptance of those gifts
883:
626:, vol. 1 (Philadelphia, 1939), p. 214.
563:
548:
315:each to be given as diplomatic gifts.
364:Diplomatic gifts take diverse forms:
294:
754:
458:
330:
486:
465:Alberge, Dalya (8 September 2003).
278:a Spanish horse and an embroidered
123:Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire
13:
848:
506:
496:Aldershot: Variorum, pp. 236–248.
212:unworthy of the diplomatic class.
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37:) may have been a diplomatic gift.
14:
917:
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516:Aldershot: Variorum, pp. 249–260.
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906:Material culture of royal courts
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191:and Joachim von Bassewitz from
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1:
759:. In Johnson, Kendall (ed.).
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305:Rundell, Bridge, and Rundell
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624:Letters of John Chamberlain
609:Elizabeth McClure Thomson,
350:
10:
922:
579:James Thomson Gibson-Craig
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15:
660:& C. Kingsley Adams,
643:(London, 1836), pp. 48-9.
613:(London, 1966), pp. 58-9.
393:Frans Pourbus the younger
254:, commissioned jewels in
248:Juan Fernández de Velasco
104:British-Ottoman relations
654:Walpole Society Volume 2
564:Talbot, Michael (2017).
549:Talbot, Michael (2017).
175:in 1594, those given to
16:Not to be confused with
704:Issues of the Exchequer
693:(London, 2019), p. 134.
656:(London, 1913), p. 58:
641:Issues of the Exchequer
622:Norman Egbert McClure,
611:The Chamberlain Letters
173:baptism of Prince Henry
57:, the luxury book, and
706:(London, 1836), 16–17.
674:HMC Salisbury Hatfield
664:(London, 1971), p. 80.
148:
119:
89:Early modern diplomacy
38:
856:Dumbarton Oaks Papers
755:Koon, Yeewan (2012).
144:
131:hedaya hayr-ı kabulda
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45:is a gift given by a
28:
18:Gift basket diplomacy
877:at Wikimedia Commons
785:by Richard Spencer,
727:(Antwerp, 1604), 47.
252:Constable of Castile
151:England and Scotland
83:Byzantine technology
788:The Daily Telegraph
715:Ethel C. Williams,
687:Shakespeare Studies
345:Eduard Shevardnadze
311:to a value of 1000
239:which cost him £8.
858:58 (2004:197–240).
407:The Ambassador of
301:Congress of Vienna
295:Nineteenth century
177:Christian Bernekow
39:
873:Media related to
702:Frederick Devon,
331:Twentieth century
55:early Middle Ages
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891:Diplomatic gifts
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339:accepted a
337:James Baker
309:snuff-boxes
303:(1814–15),
235:painted by
193:Mecklenberg
181:Steen Bille
135:Baron Paget
885:Categories
836:6 February
502:0860783383
452:References
409:Yugoslavia
299:After the
169:Peder Munk
161:coronation
127:pışkeşleri
79:Pippin III
51:Byzantines
896:Diplomacy
831:0261-3077
528:. (2010)
472:The Times
285:stomacher
246:in 1604,
189:Brunswick
71:Byzantine
478:2 August
434:'s Cuba.
351:Missteps
289:garganto
269:aigrette
73:emperor
47:diplomat
35:Iron Age
360:Gallery
341:shotgun
313:guineas
280:doublet
256:Antwerp
102:and of
69:In 757
53:in the
901:Giving
829:
536:
500:
320:Qiying
187:from
155:When
77:gave
838:2024
827:ISSN
534:ISBN
498:ISBN
480:2010
219:and
179:and
29:The
391:by
267:an
887::
825:.
821:.
581:,
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411:,
347:.
327:.
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195:.
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840:.
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33:(
20:.
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