1523:
1027:
627:
2446:
2229:
diverse peoples. Yet he also created new ones, particularly by supporting colonisation that polarised the crown's interest groups in
Ireland, obtaining insufficient political benefit with his open-handed patronage, an unfortunate lack of attention to the image of monarchy (particularly after the image-obsessed regime of Elizabeth), pursuing a pro-Spanish foreign policy that fired religious prejudice and opened the door for Arminians within the English church, and enforcing unpalatable religious changes on the Scottish Kirk. Many of these criticisms are framed within a longer view of James' reigns, including the legacyânow understood to be more troubledâwhich he left Charles I.
1905:
1896:
2401:
2419:
2410:
10019:
8221:
404:
2014:
1035:
1441:
1717:
6647:, p. 136: "Rumours of foul play involving Rochester and his wife with Overbury had, however, been circulating since his death. Indeed, almost two years later, in September 1615, and as James was in the process of replacing Rochester with a new favourite, George Villiers, the Governor of the Tower of London sent a letter to the king informing him that one of the warders in the days before Overbury had been found dead had been bringing the prisoner poisoned food and medicine";
2108:
5913:, pp. 63â64: "The aging monarch was no match for the two men closest to him. By the end of the year, the prince and the royal favourite spoke openly against the Spanish marriage and pressured James to call a parliament to consider their now repugnant treaties ... with hindsight ... the prince's return from Madrid marked the end of the king's reign. The prince and the favourite encouraged popular anti-Spanish sentiments to commandeer control of foreign and domestic policy".
2124:, "so did he die in peace, and I pray God our king may follow him". The Earl prayed in vain: once in power, King Charles I and the Duke of Buckingham sanctioned a series of reckless military expeditions that ended in humiliating failure. James had often neglected the business of government for leisure pastimes, such as the hunt; his later dependence on favourites at a scandal-ridden court undermined the respected image of monarchy so carefully constructed by Elizabeth I.
1130:
919:
11231:
1683:, whereby Parliament, in return for ten royal concessions, would grant a lump sum of ÂŁ600,000 to pay off the king's debts plus an annual grant of ÂŁ200,000. The ensuing prickly negotiations became so protracted that James eventually lost patience and dismissed Parliament on 31 December 1610. "Your greatest error", he told Salisbury, "hath been that ye ever expected to draw honey out of gall". The same pattern was repeated with the so-called "
31:
11638:
784:
2217:, Willson's book was an "astonishing spectacle of a work whose every page proclaimed its author's increasing hatred for his subject". Since Willson, however, the stability of James's government in Scotland and in the early part of his English reign, as well as his relatively enlightened views on religion and war, have earned him a re-evaluation from many historians, who have rescued his reputation from this tradition of criticism.
1186:. James personally supervised the torture of women accused of being witches. After 1599, his views became more sceptical. In a later letter written in England to his son Henry, James congratulates the prince on "the discovery of yon little counterfeit wench. I pray God ye may be my heir in such discoveries ... most miracles now-a-days prove but illusions, and ye may see by this how wary judges should be in trusting accusations".
8254:
2005:
in the meantime by
Villiers. James pardoned the Countess and commuted the Earl's sentence of death, eventually pardoning him in 1624. The implication of the king in such a scandal provoked much public and literary conjecture and irreparably tarnished James's court with an image of corruption and depravity. The subsequent downfall of the Howards left Villiers unchallenged as the supreme figure in the government by 1619.
6859:"Great Britains Salomon A sermon preached at the magnificent funerall, of the most high and mighty king, Iames, the late King of Great Britaine, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. At the Collegiat Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, the seuenth of May 1625. By the Right Honorable, and Right Reuerend Father in God, Iohn, Lord Bishop of Lincolne, Lord Keeper of the Great Seale of England, &c"
1655:
also, but of the whole body of the State in general". The sensational discovery of the "Gunpowder Plot", as it quickly became known, aroused a mood of national relief at the delivery of the king and his sons. The Earl of
Salisbury exploited this to extract higher subsidies from the ensuing Parliament than any but one granted to Elizabeth. Fawkes and others implicated in the unsuccessful conspiracy were executed.
1786:
anti-Catholic legislation by
Parliament. Though a treaty was signed, Charles and Buckingham returned to England in October without the infanta and immediately renounced the treaty, much to the delight of the British people. Disillusioned by the visit to Spain, Charles and Buckingham now turned James's Spanish policy upon its head and called for a French match and a war against the
1361:, James maintains that the king owns his realm as a feudal lord owns his fief, because kings arose "before any estates or ranks of men, before any parliaments were holden, or laws made, and by them was the land distributed, which at first was wholly theirs. And so it follows of necessity that kings were the authors and makers of the laws, and not the laws of the kings."
2247:" in London on 24 March 1603. On 20 October 1604, James issued a proclamation at Westminster changing his style to "King of Great Brittaine, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c." The style was not used on English statutes, but was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, treaties, and in Scotland. James styled himself "King of France",
1632:. James celebrated the treaty by hosting a great banquet. Freedom of worship for Catholics in England, however, continued to be a major objective of Spanish policy, causing constant dilemmas for James, distrusted abroad for repression of Catholics while at home being encouraged by the Privy Council to show even less tolerance towards them.
1978:
entered a period of decline and disrepute. Salisbury's passing gave James the notion of governing in person as his own chief
Minister of State, with his young Scottish favourite Robert Carr carrying out many of Salisbury's former duties, but James's inability to attend closely to official business exposed the government to factionalism.
1305:
1248:
1795:, when he opposed the plan on grounds of cost. The outcome of the Parliament of 1624 was ambiguous: James still refused to declare or fund a war, but Charles believed the Commons had committed themselves to finance a war against Spain, a stance that was to contribute to his problems with Parliament in his own reign.
1713:, as it was called, was also attractive to James as a way to maintain peace with Spain and avoid the additional costs of a war. Peace could be maintained as effectively by keeping the negotiations alive as by consummating the matchâwhich may explain why James protracted the negotiations for almost a decade.
2040:. He also lost his teeth and drank heavily. The king was often seriously ill during the last year of his life, leaving him an increasingly peripheral figure, rarely able to visit London, while Buckingham consolidated his control of Charles to ensure his own future. One theory is that James suffered from
3953:
It is very likely that
Overbury was the victim of a 'set-up' contrived by the earls of Northampton and Suffolk, with Carr's complicity, to keep him out of the way during the annulment proceedings. Overbury knew too much of Carr's dealings with Frances and he opposed the match with a fervour that made
1478:
On 5 April, James left
Edinburgh for London, promising to return every three years (a promise that he did not keep), and progressed slowly southwards. Local lords received him with lavish hospitality along the route and James was amazed by the wealth of his new land and subjects, claiming that he was
3793:
Elizabeth I wrote to Mary: "My ears have been so astounded, my mind so disturbed and my heart so appalled at hearing the horrible report of the abominable murder of your late husband and my slaughtered cousin, that I can scarcely as yet summon the spirit to write about it ... I will not conceal from
2228:
Croft's overall assessment of James is appropriately mixed. She recognises his good intentions in matters like Anglo-Scottish union, his openness to different points of view, and his agenda of a peaceful foreign policy within his kingdoms' financial means. His actions moderated frictions between his
2004:
In summer 1615, however, it emerged that
Overbury had been poisoned. He had died on 15 September 1613 in the Tower of London, where he had been placed at the king's request. Among those convicted of the murder were the Earl and Countess of Somerset; the Earl had been replaced as the king's favourite
1654:
of the second session of James's first
English Parliament. Fawkes was guarding a pile of wood not far from 36 barrels of gunpowder with which he intended to blow up Parliament House the following day and cause the destruction, as James put it, "not only ... of my person, nor of my wife and posterity
1977:
When the Earl of
Salisbury died in 1612, he was little mourned by those who jostled to fill the power vacuum. Until Salisbury's death, the Elizabethan administrative system over which he had presided continued to function with relative efficiency; from this time forward, however, James's government
1785:
In early 1623, Prince Charles, now 22, and Buckingham decided to seize the initiative and travel to Spain incognito, to win Infanta Maria Anna directly, but the mission proved an ineffectual mistake. Maria Anna detested Charles, and the Spanish confronted them with terms that included the repeal of
3968:
Some historians (for example Willson) consider James, who was 58 in 1624, to have lapsed into premature senility; but he suffered from an agonising species of arthritis which constantly left him indisposed, as well as other ailments; and Pauline Croft suggests that James regained some control over
1973:
observed that "it is well known that the king of England / fucks the Duke of Buckingham". Buckingham himself provides evidence that he slept in the same bed as the king, writing to James many years later that he had pondered "whether you loved me now ... better than at the time which I shall never
1790:
empire. To raise the necessary finance, they prevailed upon James to call another Parliament, which met in February 1624. For once, the outpouring of anti-Catholic sentiment in the Commons was echoed in court, where control of policy was shifting from James to Charles and Buckingham, who pressured
1669:
The co-operation between monarch and Parliament following the Gunpowder Plot was atypical. Instead, it was the previous session of 1604 that shaped the attitudes of both sides for the rest of the reign, though the initial difficulties owed more to mutual incomprehension than conscious enmity. On 7
3845:
The introduction of Henry Howard (soon Earl of Northampton) and of Thomas Howard (soon Earl of Suffolk) marked the beginning of the rise of the Howard family to power in England, which culminated in their dominance of James's government after the death of Cecil in 1612. Henry Howard, son of poet
1745:
Spanish. Raleigh's expedition was a disastrous failure, and his son Walter was killed fighting the Spanish. On Raleigh's return to England, James had him executed to the indignation of the public, who opposed the appeasement of Spain. James's policy was further jeopardised by the outbreak of the
1674:
after failing to win its support either for full union or financial subsidies. "I will not thank where I feel no thanks due", he had remarked in his closing speech. "... I am not of such a stock as to praise fools ... You see how many things you did not well ... I wish you would make use of your
1612:, "compassed with one sea and of itself by nature indivisible?" In April 1604, however, the Commons refused his request to be titled "King of Great Britain" on legal grounds. In October 1604, he assumed the title "King of Great Britain" instead of "King of England" and "King of Scotland", though
3798:
nonetheless concludes: "Not a single piece of uncontaminated evidence has ever been found to show that Mary had foreknowledge of Darnley's murder". In historian David Harris Willson's view, however: "That Bothwell was the murderer no one can doubt; and that Mary was his accomplice seems equally
1765:
home territory. Matters came to a head when James finally called a Parliament in 1621 to fund a military expedition in support of his son-in-law. The Commons on the one hand granted subsidies inadequate to finance serious military operations in aid of Frederick, and on the otherâremembering the
1479:"swapping a stony couch for a deep feather bed". James arrived in the capital on 7 May, nine days after Elizabeth's funeral. His new subjects flocked to see him, relieved that the succession had triggered neither unrest nor invasion. On arrival at London, he was mobbed by a crowd of spectators.
1352:
was written as a book of instruction for the four-year-old Prince Henry and provides a more practical guide to kingship. The work is considered to be well written and perhaps the best example of James's prose. James's advice concerning parliaments, which he understood as merely the king's "head
1235:
to accompany him. There followed a period of peace, but the clans were soon at loggerheads with one another again. During James VI's reign, the citizens of the Hebrides were portrayed as lawless barbarians rather than being the cradle of Scottish Christianity and nationhood. Official documents
1744:
and other Catholic-leaning ministers and diplomatsâtogether known as the Spanish Partyâbut deeply distrusted in Protestant England. When Walter Raleigh was released from imprisonment in 1616, he embarked on a hunt for gold in South America with strict instructions from James not to engage the
6623:, p. 105: "Packets were sent, sometimes opened by my lord, sometimes unbroken unto Overbury, who perused them, registered them, made table-talk of them, as they thought good. So I will undertake the time was, when Overbury knew more of the secrets of state, than the council-table did."
6591:, p. 333: "Finances fell into chaos, foreign affairs became more difficult. James exalted a worthless favourite and increased the power of the Howards. As government relaxed and honour cheapened, we enter a period of decline and weakness, of intrigue, scandal, confusion and treachery."
859:
or tutors. As the young king's senior tutor, Buchanan subjected James to regular beatings but also instilled in him a lifelong passion for literature and learning. Buchanan sought to turn James into a God-fearing, Protestant king who accepted the limitations of monarchy, as outlined in his
1417:
their written language, and followed the king to London after 1603. James's role as active literary participant and patron made him a defining figure in many respects for English Renaissance poetry and drama, which reached a pinnacle of achievement in his reign, but his patronage of the
605:", an epithet associated with his character ever since. Since the latter half of the 20th century, historians have tended to revise James's reputation and treat him as a serious and thoughtful monarch. He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in
2355:
The arms used in Scotland were: Quarterly, I and IV Scotland, II England and France, III Ireland, with Scotland taking precedence over England. The supporters were: dexter a unicorn of Scotland imperially crowned, supporting a tilting lance flying a banner Azure a saltire Argent
1974:
forget at Farnham, where the bed's head could not be found between the master and his dog". Buckingham's words may be interpreted as non-sexual, in the context of 17th-century court life, and remain ambiguous despite their fondness. It is also possible that James was bisexual.
1474:
to prepare in advance for a smooth succession. With the queen clearly dying, Cecil sent James a draft proclamation of his accession to the English throne in March 1603. Elizabeth died in the early hours of 24 March, and James was proclaimed king in London later the same day.
1094:, James and Anne returned to Scotland on 1 May 1590. By all accounts, James was at first infatuated with Anne and, in the early years of their marriage, seems always to have shown her patience and affection. The royal couple produced three children who survived to adulthood:
1049:
Throughout his youth, James was praised for his chastity, since he showed little interest in women. After the loss of Lennox, he continued to prefer male company. A suitable marriage, however, was necessary to reinforce his rule, and the choice fell on fourteen-year-old
978:
brought some control over the ruinous state of James's finances in 1596, but it drew opposition from vested interests. It was disbanded within a year after a riot in Edinburgh, which was stoked by anti-Catholicism and led the court to withdraw to Linlithgow temporarily.
1616:
told him that he could not use the style in "any legal proceeding, instrument or assurance" and the title was not used on English statutes. James forced the Scottish Parliament to use it, and it was used on proclamations, coinage, letters, and treaties in both realms.
909:
on 19 October 1579. Morton was executed on 2 June 1581, belatedly charged with complicity in Darnley's murder. On 8 August, James made Lennox the only duke in Scotland. The king, then fifteen years old, remained under the influence of Lennox for about one more year.
3808:
James's captors forced from him a proclamation, dated 30 August, declaring that he was not being held prisoner "forced or constrained, for fear or terror, or against his will", and that no one should come to his aid as a result of "seditious or contrary reports".
764:
6166:, p. 208: "... his sexuality has long been a matter of debate. He clearly preferred the company of handsome young men. The evidence of his correspondence and contemporary accounts have led some historians to conclude that the king was homosexual or
4045:; and, of course, speeches to parliament ... He was the patron of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne, and the translators of the "Authorized version" of the Bible, surely the greatest concentration of literary talent ever to enjoy royal sponsorship in England."
3858:
by David Lindley. Henry Howard is a traditionally reviled figure (Willson called him "A man of dark counsels and creeping schemes, learned but bombastic, and a most fulsome flatterer") whose reputation was upgraded by Linda Levy Peck's 1982 biography
998:, and the Earl of Gowrie was killed in the ensuing fracas; there were few surviving witnesses. Given James's history with the Ruthvens and the fact that he owed them a great deal of money, his account of the circumstances was not universally believed.
4268:, p. 27: "Suffer nor admit no noblemen of our realm or any others, of what condition soever they be of, to enter or come within our said Castle or to the presence of our said dearest son, with any more persons but two or three at the most."
1821:
even at court. Henry Howard, for example, was a crypto-Catholic, received back into the Catholic Church in his final months. On ascending the English throne, James suspected that he might need the support of Catholics in England, so he assured
1678:
As James's reign progressed, his government faced growing financial pressures, partly due to creeping inflation but also to the profligacy and financial incompetence of James's court. In February 1610, Salisbury proposed a scheme, known as the
1005:
with England. That and his mother's execution in 1587, which he denounced as a "preposterous and strange procedure", helped clear the way for his succession south of the border. Queen Elizabeth was unmarried and childless, and James was her
5841:, p. 423: "We cannot with patience endure our subjects to use such anti-monarchical words to us concerning their liberties, except they had subjoined that they were granted unto them by the grace and favour of our predecessors."
1342:, explaining that kings are higher beings than other men for Biblical reasons, though "the highest bench is the sliddriest to sit upon". The document proposes an absolutist theory of monarchy, by which a king may impose new laws by
1601:. As a consequence, James was free to concentrate on bigger issues, such as a scheme for a closer union between England and Scotland and matters of foreign policy, as well as to enjoy his leisure pursuits, particularly hunting.
2119:
James was widely mourned. For all his flaws, he had largely retained the affection of his people, who had enjoyed uninterrupted peace and comparatively low taxation during the Jacobean era. "As he lived in peace", remarked the
1930:
was known as the king's mistress. After his accession in England, his peaceful and scholarly attitude contrasted strikingly with the bellicose and flirtatious behaviour of Elizabeth, as indicated by the contemporary epigram
882:, who was carried fatally wounded into Stirling Castle a year later after a raid by Mary's supporters. His successor, the Earl of Mar, "took a vehement sickness" and died on 28 October 1572 at Stirling. Mar's illness, wrote
3958:
reported that the king "hath long had a desire to remove him from about the lord of Rochester, as thinking it a dishonour to him that the world should have an opinion that Rochester ruled him and Overbury ruled Rochester".
1948:
observed that he "never yet saw any fond husband make so much or so great dalliance over his beautiful spouse as I have seen King James over his favourites, especially the Duke of Buckingham" whom the king would, recalled
1845:
become optional. James was strict in enforcing conformity at first, inducing a sense of persecution amongst many Puritans; but ejections and suspensions from livings became rarer as the reign continued. As a result of the
1272:
were enacted in 1609, which required clan chiefs to provide support for Protestant ministers to Highland parishes; to outlaw bards; to report regularly to Edinburgh to answer for their actions; and to send their heirs to
4037:, p. 1: "James VI and I was the most writerly of British monarchs. He produced original poetry, as well as translation and a treatise on poetics; works on witchcraft and tobacco; meditations and commentaries on the
1968:
among crimes "ye are bound in conscience never to forgive", and James's wife Anne gave birth to seven live children, as well as suffering two stillbirths and at least three other miscarriages. Contemporary Huguenot poet
3850:, had been a diligent correspondent with James in advance of the succession (James referred to him as "long approved and trusted Howard"). His connection with James may have owed something to the attempt by his brother
1277:, to be educated in English-speaking Protestant schools. So began a process "specifically aimed at the extirpation of the Gaelic language, the destruction of its traditional culture and the suppression of its bearers."
3794:
you that people for the most part are saying that you will look through your fingers at this deed instead of avenging it and that you don't care to take action against those who have done you this pleasure." Historian
2348:. The English crest and motto was retained. The compartment often contained a branch of the Tudor rose, with shamrock and thistle engrafted on the same stem. The arms were frequently shown with James's personal motto,
1993:) soon took control of much of the government and its patronage. Even the powerful Carr fell into the Howard camp, hardly experienced for the responsibilities thrust upon him and often dependent on his intimate friend
3698:
969:
to assert royal authority over the Kirk, and denounced the writings of his former tutor Buchanan. Between 1584 and 1603, he established effective royal government and relative peace among the lords, ably assisted by
1267:
began well, but the colonists were driven out by local forces commanded by Murdoch and Neil MacLeod. The colonists tried again in 1605 with the same result, although a third attempt in 1607 was more successful. The
1770:, they framed a petition asking not only for war with Spain but also for Prince Charles to marry a Protestant, and for enforcement of the anti-Catholic laws. James flatly told them not to interfere in matters of
6699:, p. 20: "Probably no single event, prior to the attempt to arrest the five members in 1642, did more to lessen the general reverence with which royalty was regarded in England than this unsavoury episode."
1687:" of 1614, which James dissolved after a mere nine weeks when the Commons hesitated to grant him the money he required. James then ruled without parliament until 1621, employing officials such as the merchant
1288:, resisted the Statutes of Iona and was consequently imprisoned. His natural son Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion against James, and the Earl and his son were hanged. Their estates were forfeited, and the
2340:, this was the first time that Ireland was included in the royal arms). The supporters became: dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned and sinister the Scottish unicorn. The unicorn replaced the
1857:, though many remained displeased. The conference also commissioned a new translation and compilation of approved books of the Bible to resolve discrepancies among different translations then being used. The
3969:
his affairs in summer 1624, afforded relief by the warm weather. She sees his continuing refusal to sanction war against Spain as a deliberate stand against the aggressive policies of Charles and Buckingham.
2052:
as being the "dark red colour of Alicante wine". The theory is dismissed by some experts, particularly in James's case, because he had kidney stones which can lead to blood in the urine, colouring it red.
1608:
of Scotland and England to establish a single country under one monarch, one parliament, and one law, a plan that met opposition in both realms. "Hath He not made us all in one island," James told the
6972:, pp. 3â4: "Often witty and perceptive but also prejudiced and abusive, their status as eye-witness accounts and their compulsive readability led too many historians to take them at face value";
613:
that devastated much of Central Europe. He tried but failed to prevent the rise of hawkish elements in the English Parliament who wanted war with Spain. He was succeeded by his second son, Charles I.
2143:, in 1610. During the next 150 years, England would fight with Spain, the Netherlands, and France for control of the continent, while religious division in Ireland between Protestants and Catholics
4472:, p. 63: "So ended this nobleman, one of the chief instruments of the reformation; a defender of the same, and of the King in his minority, for the which he is now unthankfully dealt with."
8235:
3664:
3954:
him dangerous, motivated by a deep political hostility to the Howards. It cannot have been difficult to secure James's compliance, because he disliked Overbury and his influence over Carr.
3818:
James briefly broke off diplomatic relations with England over Mary's execution, but he wrote privately that Scotland "could never have been without factions if she had beene left alive".
470:, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. He acceded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was forced to
1501:
was deferred to 15 March 1604. Dekker wrote that "the streets seemed to be paved with men; stalls instead of rich wares were set out with children; open casements filled up with women".
962:, whom the king had personally appointed royal chaplain in 1579, rebuked him so sharply from the pulpit for having issued a proclamation so offensive to the clergy "that the king wept".
942:
who noticed the physical displays of affection between him and the king and alleged that Lennox "went about to draw the King to carnal lust". In August 1582, in what became known as the
3872:
English and Scot, James insisted, should "join and coalesce together in a sincere and perfect union, as two twins bred in one belly, to love one another as no more two but one estate".
3936:
The commissioners judging the case reached a 5â5 verdict, so James quickly appointed two extra judges guaranteed to vote in favour, an intervention which aroused public censure. When
3903:
Assessments of the Kirk at James's death are divided. Some historians argue that the Scots might have accepted James's policies eventually, others that James left the Kirk in crisis.
1379:, applying Renaissance principles. He also made statutory provision to reform and promote the teaching of music, seeing the two in connection. One act of his reign urges the Scottish
6551:
1876:
through a General Assembly the following year, but the rulings were widely resisted. James left the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son.
9037:
6771:, p. 174: "During the last eighteen months of his life James fought a very effective rearguard action to preserve his control of foreign policy ... he never became a cypher."
697:
saw the queen, who had not fully recovered and could only speak faintly. The baby was "sucking at his nurse" and was "well proportioned and like to prove a goodly prince". He was
510:, until his death in 1625. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, returning to Scotland only once, in 1617, and
3927:
Northampton assumed the day-to-day running of government business, and spoke of "the death of the little man for which so many rejoice and few do as much as seem to be sorry."
7413:
Fischlin, Daniel; Fortier, Mark (2002), "'Enregistrate Speech': Stratagems of Monarchic Writing in the Work of James VI and I", in Fischlin, Daniel; Fortier, Mark (eds.),
1062:
in Copenhagen in August 1589, Anne sailed for Scotland but was forced by storms to the coast of Norway. On hearing that the crossing had been abandoned, James sailed from
897:
Morton was elected to Mar's office and proved in many ways the most effective of James's regents, but he made enemies by his rapacity. He fell from favour when Frenchman
1691:, who were astute at raising and saving money for the crown, and sold baronetcies and other dignities, many created for the purpose, as an alternative source of income.
666:
noblemen. During Mary's and Darnley's difficult marriage, Darnley secretly allied himself with the rebels and conspired in the murder of the queen's private secretary,
13894:
4102:, p. 27: "A very wise man was wont to say that he believed him the wisest fool in Christendom, meaning him wise in small things, but a fool in weighty affairs."
1409:
By the late 1590s, James's championing of native Scottish tradition was reduced to some extent by the increasing likelihood of his succession to the English throne.
759:, who was widely suspected of murdering Darnley, heightened widespread bad feeling towards her. In June 1567, Protestant rebels arrested Mary and imprisoned her in
13849:
8197:
966:
8461:
1240:
language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as "Erse" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature.
1872:. James returned to Scotland in 1617 for the only time after his accession in England, in the hope of implementing Anglican ritual. James's bishops forced his
10197:
1206:, but he and his immediate successors lacked the will or ability to provide an alternative form of governance. As a result, the 16th century became known as
9030:
7887:
5583:
1504:
The kingdom to which James succeeded, however, had its problems. Monopolies and taxation had engendered a widespread sense of grievance, and the costs of
1628:
was signed between the two countries in August 1604, thanks to the skilled diplomacy of the delegation, in particular Robert Cecil and Henry Howard, now
530:
13844:
11299:
1926:
Throughout his life James had close relationships with male courtiers, which has caused debate among historians about their exact nature. In Scotland
1236:
describe the peoples of the Highlands as "void of the knawledge and feir of God" who were prone to "all kynd of barbarous and bestile cruelteis". The
1180:
in 1597, a tract inspired by his personal involvement that opposed the practice of witchcraft and that provided background material for Shakespeare's
13519:
10752:
2093:. The position of the tomb was lost for many years until his lead coffin was found in the Henry VII vault, during an excavation in the 19th century.
1263:" in 1598. James wrote that the colonists were to act "not by agreement" with the local inhabitants, but "by extirpation of thame". Their landing at
2001:, daughter of the Earl of Suffolk. James assisted Frances by securing an annulment of her marriage to free her to marry Carr, now Earl of Somerset.
13819:
11584:
2324:
The arms used in England were: Quarterly, I and IV, quarterly 1st and 4th Azure three fleurs de lys Or (for France), 2nd and 3rd Gules three lions
10438:
5248:
See for example Rhodes, Neil (2004), "Wrapped in the Strong Arm of the Union: Shakespeare and King James", in Maley, Willy; Murphy, Andrew (eds),
2243:
In Scotland, James was "James the sixth, King of Scotland", until 1604. He was proclaimed "James the first, King of England, France, and Ireland,
1826:, a prominent sympathiser of the old religion, that he would not persecute "any that will be quiet and give but an outward obedience to the law".
9023:
5941:, p. 126: "On that divergence of interpretation, relations between the future king and the Parliaments of the years 1625â9 were to founder".
4122:, p. 238: "In contrast to earlier historians, recent research on his reign has tended to emphasize the wisdom and downplay the foolishness".
1406:
among others, Montgomerie being a favourite of the king. James was himself a poet, and was happy to be seen as a practising member of the group.
1117:
Anne suffered from recurrent bouts of sickness and was seriously ill from 1617. James visited Anne only three times during her last illness. She
11673:
1766:
profits gained under Elizabeth by naval attacks on Spanish gold shipmentsâcalled for a war directly against Spain. In November 1621, roused by
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or they would risk punishment, which provoked them into issuing a statement protesting their rights, including freedom of speech. Urged on by
10153:
1664:
874:, forcing her to flee to England, where she was subsequently kept in confinement by Elizabeth. On 23 January 1570, Moray was assassinated by
1546:
James survived two conspiracies in the first year of his reign, despite the smoothness of the succession and the warmth of his welcome: the
905:, arrived in Scotland and quickly established himself as the first of James's powerful favourites. James was proclaimed an adult ruler in a
870:
In 1568, Mary escaped from Lochleven Castle, leading to several years of sporadic violence. The Earl of Moray defeated Mary's troops at the
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4625:, p. 61: "The two principal characters were dead, the evidence of eyewitnesses was destroyed and only King James's version remained";
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1522:
741:, featured men dressed as satyrs and sporting tails, to which the English guests took offence, thinking the satyrs "done against them".
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on 10 February 1567 at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh, perhaps in revenge for the killing of Rizzio. James inherited his father's titles of
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wrote that it was 'verily thought that the disease was no other than the ordinary ague that had reigned and raged all over England'."
5183:
1705:
Another potential source of income was the prospect of a Spanish dowry from a marriage between Charles, Prince of Wales, and Infanta
1346:
but must also pay heed to tradition and to God, who would "stirre up such scourges as pleaseth him, for punishment of wicked kings".
60:
5239:, Aberdeen University Press, vol. 1, pp. 141â152. Spiller points out that the trend, although unambiguous, was generally more mixed.
1817:
denying the pope's authority over the king. James was conciliatory towards Catholics who took the Oath of Allegiance, and tolerated
823:. In accordance with the religious beliefs of most of the Scottish ruling class, James was brought up as a member of the Protestant
506:
monarch of England and Ireland, who died childless. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known as the
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In recent decades, much scholarship has emphasised James's success in Scotland (though there have been partial dissenters, such as
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1861:, as it came to be known, was completed in 1611 and is considered a masterpiece of Jacobean prose. It is still in widespread use.
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A medicine recommended by Buckingham had only served to make the king worse, which led to rumours that the duke had poisoned him.
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Milling, Jane (2004), "The Development of a Professional Theatre", in Milling, Jane; Thomson, Peter; Donohue, Joseph W. (eds.),
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The Union of the Crowns of England and Scotland under James was symbolised heraldically by combining their arms, supporters and
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James achieved more success in foreign policy. Never having been at war with Spain, he devoted his efforts to bringing the long
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In early 1625, James was plagued by severe attacks of arthritis, gout, and fainting fits, and fell seriously ill in March with
1986:
1957:, Northamptonshire, undertaken in 2004â08 revealed a previously unknown passage linking the bedchambers of James and Villiers.
1014:
crisis of 1588, he assured Elizabeth of his support as "your natural son and compatriot of your country". Elizabeth sent James
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In the early years of James's reign, the day-to-day running of the government was tightly managed by the shrewd Cecil, later
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After the Gunpowder Plot, James sanctioned harsh measures to control English Catholics. In May 1606, Parliament passed the
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James's queen, Anne of Denmark, gave birth to seven children who survived beyond birth, of whom three reached adulthood:
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died in Peace, when he had lived about sixty years ... and so you know did King James". The sermon was later printed as
1981:
The Howard party (consisting of Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton; Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk; Suffolk's son-in-law
1375:
in 1584 at the age of 18. It was both a poetic manual and a description of the poetic tradition in his mother tongue of
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482:, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1589, he married
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After James escaped from Falkland on 27 June 1583, he assumed increasing control of his kingdom. He pushed through the
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In Scotland, James attempted to bring the Scottish Kirk "so neir as can be" to the English church and to reestablish
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in 1493 had led to troubled times for the western seaboard. James IV had subdued the organised military might of the
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3944:, one of the added commissioners) was knighted after the annulment, he was given the nickname "Sir Nullity Bilson".
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One last Scottish attempt against the king's person occurred in August 1600, when James was apparently assaulted by
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but possibly coined by Anthony Weldon, catches James's paradoxical qualities very neatly"; Anthony Weldon (1651),
1357:: "Hold no Parliaments," he tells Henry, "but for the necesitie of new Lawes, which would be but seldome". In the
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2162:, his financial irresponsibility, and his cultivation of unpopular favourites established the foundations of the
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James (right) depicted aged 17 beside his mother, 1583. In reality, they were separated when he was still a baby.
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1650:, was discovered in the cellars of the parliament buildings on the night of 4â5 November 1605, the eve of the
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3854:, to free and marry Mary, Queen of Scots, leading to his execution in 1572. For details on the Howards, see
2360:) and sinister the crowned lion of England supporting a similar lance flying a banner Argent a cross Gules (
2178:. Over the last three hundred years, the king's reputation has suffered from the acid description of him by
1244:
decided that Gaelic had become a principal cause of the Highlanders' shortcomings and sought to abolish it.
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because they sit upon God His throne in earth and have the count of their administration to give unto Him."
3847:
2068:, with Buckingham at his bedside. James's funeral on 7 May was a magnificent but disorderly affair. Bishop
1851:
1621:
1505:
971:
768:
588:
178:
3881:
A crypto-Catholic was someone who outwardly conformed to Protestantism but remained a Catholic in private.
958:, imprisoned him, and forced Lennox to leave Scotland. On 19 September 1582, during James's imprisonment,
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3991:), and there is an emerging appreciation of James's successes in the early part of his reign in England.
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From 1601, in the last years of Elizabeth's life, certain English politiciansânotably her chief minister
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in 1625. Although he long tried to get both countries to adopt a closer political union, the kingdoms of
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the king to declare war and engineered the impeachment of Lord Treasurer Lionel Cranfield, by now made
1369:
In the 1580s and 1590s, James promoted the literature of his native country. He published his treatise
1152:
694:
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382:
324:
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with the thistle ensigned with the royal crown, a harp (for Ireland) and a fleur de lys (for France).
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contributing to a flourishing literary culture. James was a prolific writer, authoring works such as
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8678:
7452:
4114:, p. 6: "Historians have returned to reconsidering James as a serious and intelligent ruler";
1847:
1354:
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733:, whom she referred to as "a pocky priest", spit in the child's mouth, as was then the custom. The
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533:. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in England, including the
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8259:
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Buckingham: The Life and Political Career of George Villiers, First Duke of Buckingham, 1592â1628
6986:
6844:, p. 447: "All was performed with great magnificence, but ... very confused and disorderly."
6066:
4679:
Goodare, Julian (2000). "James VI's English Subsidy". In Goodare, Julian; Lynch, Michael (eds.).
4074:
2382:
2337:
1625:
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1055:
804:
511:
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6029:, pp. 201, 209: "In things indifferent, they are seditious which obey not the magistrates".
5235:
Spiller, Michael (1988), "Poetry after the Union 1603â1660", in Craig, Cairns (general editor),
4814:
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wrote to James warning him that sermons against bishops were being preached daily in Edinburgh.
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775:. This made James the third consecutive Scottish monarch to ascend to the throne as an infant.
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133:
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4621:, p. 154: "It is begun to be noted that the reports coming from the King should differ";
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Calendar of letters and papers relating to the affairs of the borders of England and Scotland
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a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or. The
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1841:, wedding rings, and the term "priest", among other things, and that the wearing of cap and
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Elizabethan Espionage: Plotters and Spies in the Struggle Between Catholicism and the Crown
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In furtherance of these aims, James was both patron and head of a loose circle of Scottish
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historians on the tradition of tracing Charles I's errors back to his father's reign, see
6021:, p. 205: "In seeking conformity, James gave a name and a purpose to nonconformity";
1970:
8:
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armed, crined and unguled Proper, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and
2136:
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1629:
1435:
1423:
1371:
1232:
1212:, the time of raids. Furthermore, the effects of the Reformation were slow to affect the
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836:
799:, "to be conserved, nursed, and upbrought" in the security of Stirling Castle. James was
734:
698:
546:
518:". He was an advocate of a single parliament for England and Scotland. In his reign, the
444:
436:
220:
55:
12520:
8072:
5113:, pp. 134â135: "James wrote well, scattering engaging asides throughout the text";
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6212:
4854:
4815:"Witchcraft against Royal Danish Ships in 1589 and the Transnational Transfer of Ideas"
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1609:
1070:
called "the one romantic episode of his life". The couple were married formally at the
871:
824:
686:
538:
448:
236:
12920:
7045:
Reviews and History: Covering books and digital resources across all fields of history
6780:
6552:"Filled with 'a number of male lovelies': the surprising court of King James VI and I"
5172:
2409:
2013:
1220:, driving a religious wedge between this area and centres of political control in the
701:"Charles James" or "James Charles" on 17 December 1566 in a Catholic ceremony held at
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The History of England from the Accession of James 1st to the Restoration (1603â1660)
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6475:(1994). "Homosexuality and the Signs of Male Friendship in Elizabethan England". In
2018:
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in office, as secretly planned with Cecil, but James soon added long-time supporter
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7199:, p. 248: "Latter day experts have suggested enteric fever, typhoid fever, or
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Fincham, Kenneth; Lake, Peter (1985). "The ecclesiastical policy of King James I"
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1010:. Securing the English succession became a cornerstone of his policy. During the
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Schwarz, Marc L. (1974). "James I and the Historians: Toward a Reconsideration"
4090:, p. 238: "The label 'the wisest fool in Christendom', often attributed to
3780:
As the Earl of Bedford was a Protestant, his place in the ceremony was taken by
1960:
Some biographers of James argue that the relationships were not sexual. James's
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13401:
13130:
13005:
12990:
12965:
12960:
12955:
12900:
12875:
12830:
12810:
12672:
12643:
12618:
12573:
12553:
12515:
12350:
12340:
12197:
12028:
11841:
11548:
11354:
11349:
11314:
11274:
11147:
11082:
11077:
11011:
10991:
10935:
10240:
10230:
10225:
10061:
9727:
9525:
9310:
8498:
8407:
8226:
8014:
7939:
7896:
7815:
7367:
5592:
3487:
3365:
2841:
2706:
2314:
2179:
2148:
2121:
1680:
1641:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1559:
1395:
1281:
1059:
1011:
902:
748:
651:
598:
534:
503:
456:
7347:
7040:
6051:
Spinks, Bryan D. (2006). "Anglicans and Dissenters". In Wainwright, Geoffrey;
5575:
3827:
James heard on 7 October of the decision to postpone the crossing for winter.
2213:'s 1956 biography continued much of this hostility. In the words of historian
1304:
13728:
13691:
13655:
13544:
13436:
13266:
13176:
13125:
13095:
13085:
13015:
13010:
13000:
12860:
12850:
12840:
12815:
12682:
12660:
12578:
12485:
12458:
12443:
12385:
12068:
11401:
10945:
10940:
10273:
10263:
8508:
8119:
8055:
Lee, Maurice (1984). "James I and the Historians: Not a Bad King After All?"
7882:
7554:
7343:
6616:
6504:
6376:
4850:
4831:
3941:
3576:
2471:
2291:
2264:
2221:
2214:
2151:
of his realms, James helped lay the foundations for a unitary British state.
1945:
1869:
1741:
1710:
1700:
1651:
1613:
1563:
1527:
1459:
1260:
1247:
1168:
1099:
1043:
923:
808:
738:
678:
606:
558:
339:
36:
8426:
6921:
6199:
4452:
1782:, James ripped the protest out of the record book and dissolved Parliament.
1716:
13630:
13625:
13416:
13100:
13090:
13080:
12945:
12940:
12880:
12855:
12825:
12820:
12727:
12722:
12568:
12448:
12182:
12118:
11988:
11978:
11973:
11892:
11882:
11826:
11716:
11568:
11529:
11376:
11137:
11062:
9752:
9509:
8891:
8568:
7960:
7701:
7119:
4437:. Vol. II: 1567â1589. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 242â244.
3690:
2341:
2107:
2057:
2037:
1838:
1517:
1391:
1376:
1221:
1176:
1135:
943:
840:
767:
in favour of the infant James and to appoint her illegitimate half-brother
752:
667:
563:
507:
9104:
8668:
2220:
Representative of the new historical perspective is the 2003 biography by
1997:
for assistance with government papers. Carr had an adulterous affair with
1508:
had become a heavy burden on the government, which had debts of ÂŁ400,000.
1456:
974:, who led the government until 1592. An eight-man commission known as the
13115:
13110:
13045:
13040:
12890:
12762:
12717:
12707:
12500:
12495:
12433:
12370:
12153:
12128:
12053:
12013:
11983:
11958:
11938:
11917:
11897:
11877:
11867:
11836:
11701:
11560:
11429:
11344:
11189:
10920:
9997:
9989:
9757:
9742:
9327:
8648:
8588:
8553:
8333:
7538:
The Trials of Frances Howard: Fact and Fiction at the Court of King James
7473:
6348:
5195:
5168:
3021:
2185:
Other influential anti-James histories written during the 1650s include:
1990:
1767:
1733:
1490:
1091:
658:. Mary's rule over Scotland was insecure, and she and her husband, being
602:
479:
92:
8628:
1940:
Some of James's biographers conclude that Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox;
1129:
13589:
13498:
13306:
13206:
13055:
12975:
12747:
12638:
12480:
12423:
12400:
12365:
12314:
12304:
12272:
12217:
12043:
12023:
11948:
11912:
11816:
11801:
11726:
11651:
11564:
11304:
11142:
9973:
9732:
9722:
9712:
9299:
9161:
8698:
8653:
8598:
8583:
8578:
8523:
8063:
6380:
6184:, vol. 2, Edinburgh: Creative Media Partners, pp. 30â31, 44,
5074:
4841:
4038:
2856:
2390:
2182:, whom James had sacked and who wrote treatises on James in the 1650s.
2045:
1865:
1647:
1498:
1493:
to London with elaborate allegories provided by dramatic poets such as
1452:
1449:
1419:
1372:
Some Rules and Cautions to be Observed and Eschewed in Scottish Prosody
1148:
1144:
1087:
939:
935:
918:
663:
655:
554:
550:
455:, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, ruled by James in
8152:—— (2012). "James VI and I: Time for a Reconsideration?".
8099:
7327:
The Blessed Revolution: English Politics and the Coming of War 1621â24
13196:
13135:
12692:
12335:
12262:
12247:
12168:
12088:
12083:
12008:
11963:
11943:
11922:
11907:
11887:
11872:
11736:
11696:
11339:
11289:
9965:
9747:
9717:
9304:
9279:
8693:
8688:
8618:
8608:
8573:
8533:
8513:
7823:
7200:
6913:
6472:
6451:
3032:
2453:
2385:
James used: the Tudor rose, the thistle (for Scotland; first used by
2283:
2065:
2041:
2029:
1762:
1551:
1414:
1264:
1066:
with a 300-strong retinue to fetch Anne personally in what historian
975:
856:
820:
16:
King of Scotland (1566â1625), King of England and Ireland (1603â1625)
9785:
9405:
8779:
8106:
A History of the Modern British Isles â 1603â1707 â The Double Crown
7725:(2003), "Politics in Early Stuart Britain", in Coward, Barry (ed.),
7507:
English and Catholic: The Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century
7457:
Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland
994:, the seat of the Ruthvens. Ruthven was run through by James's page
783:
13471:
13050:
12787:
12380:
12345:
12319:
12299:
12252:
12063:
12018:
11902:
11806:
11796:
11761:
11731:
11538:
11230:
10175:
9981:
9737:
9678:
9284:
9109:
8673:
8638:
8633:
8593:
8548:
8528:
8518:
8493:
8248:
8244:
8165:
6167:
2279:
1842:
1787:
1547:
1293:
1203:
1083:
861:
471:
10030:
4734:. Scottish History Society Miscellany XVI. Woodbridge. p. 35.
2207:
Historical Memoirs of the Reigns of Queen Elizabeth and King James
2199:
History of Great Britain, Being the Life and Reign of King James I
2170:, combined with a disdain for Parliament, which culminated in the
1174:
James became concerned with the threat posed by witches and wrote
13508:
13421:
12309:
12277:
12267:
12038:
11998:
11831:
11756:
11741:
11721:
11637:
11419:
10884:
9887:
9655:
9561:
8943:
8703:
8563:
8538:
8488:
2268:
2073:
1834:
1754:
1228:
1182:
1018:
from 1586 which gave her some leverage over affairs in Scotland.
755:. Mary was already unpopular, and her marriage on 15 May 1567 to
367:
7126:, Heraldry Today, Slough, Buckinghamshire: Hollen Street Press,
2048:
exhibited some symptoms. James described his urine to physician
30:
12257:
12058:
11846:
11821:
11811:
11781:
11766:
10834:
9447:
9395:
9119:
9114:
8819:
8769:
6062:
4732:
James VI's English Subsidy and Danish Dowry Accounts, 1588â1596
4070:
2299:
2287:
2191:
Divine Catastrophe of the Kingly Family of the House of Stuarts
1965:
1761:
in 1620, and Spanish troops simultaneously invaded Frederick's
1539:
1334:), in which he argues a theological basis for monarchy. In the
1289:
772:
475:
11158:
7531:, Edinburgh: T. & A. Constable, Edinburgh University Press
7476:(1988), "Poetry under King James VI", in Craig, Cairns (ed.),
7203:, but at the time poison was the most popular explanation ...
7041:"The Changing Reputations of Elizabeth I and James VI & I"
6785:
Purple Secret: Genes, "Madness" and the Royal Houses of Europe
6243:
Royal Family, Royal Lovers: King James of England and Scotland
12287:
11776:
11711:
10865:
9367:
8743:
8683:
6408:
The Cabaret poetry of Théophile de Viau: Texts and Traditions
6321:
Great Britain's Solomon: James VI and I in his Three Kingdoms
2271:
1380:
1255:
It was against this background that James VI authorised the "
1063:
7178:
6718:
5699:
4063:
The Book of Common Prayer: The Texts of 1549, 1559, and 1662
3915:
Et ce savant roy d'Angleterre / foutoit-il pas le Boukinquan
2364:). The Scottish crest and motto was retained, following the
2249:
in line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1801
1944:; and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, were his lovers.
1163:. Several people were convicted of using witchcraft to send
1151:, which he considered a branch of theology. He attended the
529:
At 57 years and 246 days, James's reign in Scotland was the
12282:
11706:
11294:
9151:
7665:
Rhodes, Neil; Richards, Jennifer; Marshall, Joseph (2003),
7101:
6594:
6098:
5779:
5767:
5739:
5573:
Nicholls, Mark (2004). "Rookwood, Ambrose (c. 1578â1606)".
5490:
2033:
1444:
The Union of the Crowns was symbolised in James's personal
9045:
4928:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4711:
4367:
4206:
2344:
introduced by the Tudors. The unicorn has remained in the
11851:
11746:
8079:
Northampton: Patronage and Policy at the Court of James I
7020:
6924:, leaving the Duke as the object of widespread ridicule."
5892:
5073:, p. 131: "Kings are called gods by the prophetical
5053:
5051:
4952:
2166:. James bequeathed his son Charles a fatal belief in the
2082:
901:, first cousin of James's father Lord Darnley and future
415:(James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 â 27 March 1625) was
7682:
7415:
Royal Subjects: Essays on the Writings of James VI and I
7275:, Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California,
6088:
6086:
5080:
5002:
4753:
2470:(19 February 1594 â 6 November 1612). Died, probably of
2064:
in Hertfordshire on 27 March during a violent attack of
1030:
1589 marriage contract between James and Anne of Denmark
7291:
Anna of Denmark, Queen of England: A Cultural Biography
6742:
6730:
6666:
6654:
6626:
6570:
5996:
5956:
5944:
5844:
5819:
5807:
5687:
5639:
5542:
5518:
5478:
5466:
5439:
5255:
5149:
5020:
4865:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4323:
4194:
2530:
James's relationship to the houses of Stuart and Tudor
2302:
affrontée Gules, imperially crowned Or, holding in the
1574:
to the Privy Council, as well as five Scottish nobles.
1422:
in the Scottish tradition, which included his ancestor
601:
claimed that James had been termed "the wisest fool in
7664:
6432:
5456:
5454:
5413:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5405:
5390:
5378:
5350:
5310:
5300:
5298:
5092:
5048:
4794:
4687:
4400:
4398:
4311:
4218:
4034:
2158:
historians of the mid-17th-century, James's taste for
7807:
Sir James Melvill of Halhill; Memoirs of his own life
7269:
Akrigg, G. P. V. (George Philip Vernon), ed. (1984),
6996:
6939:
6927:
6891:
6142:
6110:
6083:
6032:
5968:
5711:
5530:
5008:
4964:
4940:
4699:
4503:
4475:
4299:
4230:
4182:
4004:
3665:
The Essayes of a Prentise in the Divine Art of Poesie
2431:
Coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 outside Scotland
2028:
In his later years, James suffered increasingly from
1850:
of 1604, some Puritan demands were acceded to in the
1213:
1207:
8145:
King James VI and I and the History of Homosexuality
7309:
Early Modern England, 1485â1714: A Narrative History
7008:
6951:
6678:
5614:
5554:
5124:
4765:
2506:(18 January 1602 â 27 May 1602). Died aged 4 months.
2233:
1489:. An outbreak of plague restricted festivities. The
1078:
and a gift of 10,000 dalers from his mother-in-law,
878:. The next regent was James's paternal grandfather,
7651:, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press,
7436:
My Heart is My Own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots
6511:. Vol. III: Civil War. Macmillan. p. 45.
6279:
The Parliament of 1624: Politics and Foreign Policy
6266:. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. p. 348.
5736:. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Books. pp. 88â89.
5451:
5402:
5338:
5295:
5267:
5217:
5205:
4782:
4729:
4660:
4632:
4560:
4395:
4355:
4287:
2496:(19 November 1600 â 30 January 1649). Married 1625
7762:
6411:, TĂŒbingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, pp. 103â104,
5574:
3676:His Majesties Poeticall Exercises at Vacant Houres
2480:(19 August 1596 â 13 February 1662). Married 1613
1953:, "tumble and kiss as a mistress". Restoration of
1143:James's visit to Denmark, a country familiar with
8469:
7649:Literature and Favoritism in Early Modern England
7529:Collected Essays and Reviews of Thomas Graves Law
7156:
7154:
6458:. University of Chicago Press. pp. 167â170.
4432:
3836:James described Cecil as "king there in effect".
3699:Extra-titular Works from the Collected Demonology
2115:depicted James being carried to heaven by angels.
2072:of Lincoln preached the sermon, observing, "King
1308:James argued a theological basis for monarchy in
1074:on 23 November. James received a dowry of 75,000
1054:, younger daughter of the Protestant Danish king
763:; she never saw her son again. She was forced to
486:. Three of their children survived to adulthood:
13895:Founders of colleges of the University of Oxford
13726:
7352:, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan,
6353:Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy
4264:Letter of Mary to Mar, 29 March 1567, quoted by
2494:Charles I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland
2434:Coat of arms used from 1603 to 1625 in Scotland
2224:. Reviewer John Cramsie summarises her findings:
2131:by English and Scots Protestants began, and the
1868:, a policy that met with strong opposition from
7412:
4433:Wiggins, Martin; Richardson, Catherine (2012).
4057:
4022:
2512:(8 April 1605 â 16 December 1607). Died aged 2.
2154:According to a tradition originating with anti-
1383:to reform and support the teaching of music in
646:. Mary and Darnley were great-grandchildren of
13574:
7151:
7144:
7142:
7140:
6767:, p. 101: "James never became a cypher";
5202:, Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, pp. 1â2.
4730:Kerr-Peterson, Miles; Pearce, Michael (2020).
1749:, especially after his Protestant son-in-law,
1353:court", foreshadows his difficulties with the
1133:Suspected witches kneeling before King James;
13560:
11667:
11174:
10850:
10191:
10046:
9801:
9031:
8455:
8431:
8122:(1983). "James VI and I: Two Kings or One?".
7509:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,
6251:, Routledge Dearborn Publishers, p. 312.
2490:(24 December 1598 â March 1600). Died aged 1.
1813:, which could require any subject to take an
1665:James I of England and the English Parliament
12173:
10700:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay
8017:(2009). "The debts of James VI of Scotland"
7891:(online ed.), Oxford University Press,
7293:, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania,
5587:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
3913:
2259:As King of Scotland, James bore the ancient
2251:, although he did not actually rule France.
1920:, are both said to have been James's lovers.
1675:liberty with more modesty in time to come".
13850:People of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585â1604)
12109:
10709:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
9598:Monarchs of England and Scotland after the
8031:pp. 96â136, Harvard University Press.
7922:Jacobean Pageant: The Court of King James I
7885:(May 2011) , "James VI and I (1566â1625)",
7745:The Cradle King: A Life of James VI & I
7137:
7113:
7082:
7057:
6912:, p. 348: "A 1627 mission to save the
6808:., Liverpool University Press, pp. 128â129.
6264:King James and Letters of Homoerotic Desire
6249:Reader's Guide To Gay & Lesbian Studies
6231:King James and the History of Homosexuality
6159:
6157:
4541:, Volume 50 (Smith, Elder, & Co., 1897)
4537:"Ruthven, William", by T. F. Henderson, in
3761:A Premonition to All Most Mightie Monarches
2518:(June 1606). Died within 48 hours of birth.
1934:Rex fuit Elizabeth, nunc est regina Iacobus
1932:
1780:Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of Gondomar
938:convert, but he was distrusted by Scottish
13567:
13553:
11674:
11660:
11181:
11167:
10857:
10843:
10198:
10184:
10053:
10039:
9808:
9794:
9775:Debated or disputed rulers are in italics.
9038:
9024:
8462:
8448:
8219:
8029:Authority and Conflict â England 1603â1658
7306:
7167:Revised edition, London: Frederick Warne,
6163:
4749:. Edinburgh: John Donald. pp. 99â100.
2317:. Contention as to how the arms should be
2135:started its course with the foundation of
1937:(Elizabeth was King, now James is Queen).
670:, just three months before James's birth.
545:and drama continued, with writers such as
29:
13845:People associated with the Gunpowder Plot
7633:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
7592:
7389:
7086:Proclamation by the King, 20 October 1604
6885:Historical Memorials of Westminster Abbey
6483:. Duke University Press. pp. 42â44.
5252:, Manchester University Press, pp. 38â39.
5184:Association for Scottish Literary Studies
5026:
4840:
4830:
4813:Willumsen, Liv Helene (1 December 2020).
4812:
4744:
4200:
4053:
4051:
2282:flory counter-flory Gules. The arms were
1879:
1511:
583:into English (later named after him, the
11681:
10501:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly
7840:
7814:
7782:
7631:The Cambridge History of British Theatre
7615:, Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland,
7484:
7480:, vol. 1, Aberdeen University Press
7324:
7252:
6887:, London: John Murray, pp. 499â526.
6404:
6323:, Urbana: University of Illinois Press,
6261:
6154:
5878:
5572:
4982:
4958:
4874:
4819:International Review of Scottish Studies
4622:
3751:, 1604, a strong denunciation of tobacco
2444:
2147:. By actively pursuing more than just a
2111:On the ceiling of the Banqueting House,
2106:
2012:
1886:Personal relationships of James VI and I
1715:
1521:
1439:
1303:
1246:
1189:
1128:
1033:
1025:
917:
782:
693:. Five days later, the English diplomat
625:
437:union of the Scottish and English crowns
13820:English pretenders to the French throne
13708:Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland
13257:Reflections on the Revolution in France
10336:, first monarch of the House of Stewart
8273:James VI of Scotland & I of England
8118:
7944:King James VI of Scotland, I of England
7888:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
7881:
7860:
7800:
7742:
7628:
7574:
7553:
7535:
7504:
7288:
7240:
7236:
7220:
7216:
7196:
7184:
7107:
7061:Proclamation by the King, 24 March 1603
7038:
7014:
7002:
6990:
6973:
6909:
6882:
6841:
6821:
6768:
6748:
6736:
6724:
6712:
6672:
6660:
6648:
6644:
6632:
6612:
6600:
6588:
6576:
6503:
6438:
6343:
6281:. Harvard University Press. p. 77.
6136:
6132:
6104:
6058:The Oxford History of Christian Worship
6026:
6018:
6002:
5990:
5962:
5950:
5926:
5910:
5866:
5850:
5838:
5825:
5813:
5801:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5761:
5745:
5705:
5693:
5681:
5665:
5661:
5584:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5577:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
5548:
5512:
5496:
5484:
5445:
5433:
5384:
5372:
5368:
5356:
5332:
5316:
5289:
5285:
5143:
5114:
5098:
5070:
5057:
5042:
4922:
4906:
4902:
4886:
4800:
4759:
4717:
4705:
4678:
4654:
4650:
4626:
4618:
4598:
4594:
4582:
4554:
4509:
4497:
4493:
4481:
4469:
4420:
4416:
4389:
4385:
4373:
4305:
4281:
4277:
4265:
4252:
4236:
4212:
4188:
4163:
4147:
4115:
4096:The Court and Character of King James I
4010:
2060:and then suffered a stroke. He died at
1429:
1394:court poets and musicians known as the
791:The care of James was entrusted to the
13727:
10804:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
10332:The generations indicate descent from
8264:The National Archives (United Kingdom)
7938:
7919:
7760:
7700:
7667:King James VI and I: Selected Writings
7610:
7451:
7438:, London and New York: Fourth Estate,
7399:, London: English Universities Press,
7366:
7268:
6783:; Warren, Martin; Hunt, David (1998),
6696:
6619:, speaking at Carr's trial, quoted by
6524:
6375:
6291:
6246:
6217:The Love That Dared Not Speak its Name
6050:
5986:
5886:
5717:
5328:
5173:Scottish Literature: 1603 and all that
5014:
4998:
4986:
4970:
4946:
4934:
4918:
4131:
4099:
4048:
3755:An Apologie for the Oath of Allegiance
3530:
3409:
3405:
3395:
3287:
3177:
3173:
1658:
1585:, whom James made Baron Ellesmere and
1147:, sparked an interest in the study of
278:
13548:
11655:
11162:
10838:
10783:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales
10639:James VI of Scotland and I of England
10179:
10034:
9815:
9789:
9019:
8443:
8430:
8151:
8142:
7787:, Newton Abbot: David & Charles,
7721:
7685:The Outer Hebrides Handbook and Guide
7646:
7342:
7307:Bucholz, Robert; Key, Newton (2004),
7232:
7026:
6969:
6957:
6945:
6933:
6920:ended in an ignominious siege on the
6897:
6853:
6837:
6817:
6764:
6760:
6708:
6684:
6620:
6276:
6148:
6128:
6116:
6092:
6038:
6014:
5974:
5938:
5922:
5898:
5882:
5862:
5757:
5677:
5657:
5645:
5633:
5620:
5560:
5536:
5524:
5508:
5472:
5460:
5417:
5396:
5344:
5304:
5273:
5130:
5110:
5086:
5038:
4898:
4788:
4776:
4693:
4683:. East Linton: Tuckwell. p. 115.
4666:
4638:
4610:
4578:
4566:
4550:
4404:
4361:
4329:
4317:
4293:
4119:
4111:
4087:
3706:A Letter To The Whole Church Militant
3606:
3596:
3592:
3580:
3574:
3564:
3548:
3538:
3534:
3518:
3512:
3502:
3485:
3475:
3471:
3459:
3453:
3443:
3427:
3417:
3413:
3389:
3379:
3363:
3353:
3349:
3337:
3331:
3321:
3305:
3295:
3291:
3275:
3269:
3259:
3243:
3233:
3229:
3217:
3211:
3201:
3185:
3181:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3092:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3047:
3030:
3028:
3019:
3017:
3008:
3006:
3001:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2981:
2943:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2897:
2883:
2854:
2852:
2847:
2840:
2821:
2795:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2751:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2715:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2635:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2613:
2593:
2573:
2560:
2549:
2538:
2310:paw a sceptre both erect and Proper.
2133:English colonisation of North America
2103:Cultural depictions of James VI and I
1364:
1299:
1231:had toured the Hebrides, forcing the
815:, on 29 July 1567. The sermon at the
803:at the age of thirteen months at the
10205:
7708:, vol. II, New York: Hyperion,
7472:
6471:
6450:
6347:
6219:. London: Heinemann. pp. 43â44.
6211:
6179:
5261:
5223:
5211:
5155:
5121:is the best prose James ever wrote".
4435:British Drama 1533â1642: A Catalogue
4035:Rhodes, Richards & Marshall 2003
3308:Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
2428:Coat of arms used from 1567 to 1603
2238:
2044:, a disease of which his descendant
1604:James was ambitious to build on the
1413:and other courtier poets started to
681:of the monarch automatically became
524:English colonisation of the Americas
282:
13702:William Parker, 4th Baron Monteagle
13367:The End of History and the Last Man
13277:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
11123:Makar or National Poet for Scotland
10060:
8004:(1907). "Britain under James I" in
7965:The Stuart Age â England, 1603â1714
7946:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
7595:Gaelic â A Past and Future Prospect
7522:
7430:
6318:
5429:
4521:
4248:
4224:
4179:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 290.
4159:
4143:
3657:
3214:Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
2346:royal arms of the two united realms
2008:
1918:George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
1824:Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland
1805:James VI and I and religious issues
1776:George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham
1581:, ably assisted by the experienced
1296:islands were annexed to the Crown.
913:
541:. Under James, the "Golden Age" of
13:
11248:History of Christianity in Britain
10017:
8136:10.1111/j.1468-229X.1983.tb01404.x
7912:
7597:, Edinburgh: The Saltire Society,
7478:The History of Scottish Literature
6549:
6355:. Random House. pp. 249â251.
5881:, pp. 224â225, 243, 281â299;
5237:The History of Scottish Literature
4146:, pp. 236â237, 241â242, 270;
3712:The Argument Of This Whole Epistle
2417:
2408:
2399:
1987:Charles Howard, Earl of Nottingham
1798:
1259:" to civilise the "most barbarous
1157:persecution of witches in Scotland
673:James was born on 19 June 1566 at
630:Portrait of James as a boy, after
14:
13911:
13870:Scottish people of French descent
13677:Gunpowder Plot in popular culture
10675:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
8217:National Portrait Gallery, London
8182:
8108:chs. 2, 3.1, and 3.2. Blackwell.
7841:Williams, Ethel Carleton (1970),
7683:Rotary Club of Stornoway (1995),
7488:Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland
7148:Pinches and Pinches, pp. 168â169.
4861:– via www.irss.uoguelph.ca.
4346:History of the Church in Scotland
4041:; a manual on kingship; works of
2456:by Samuel Woodburn (1814), after
2234:Titles, styles, honours, and arms
1999:Frances Howard, Countess of Essex
1837:clergy demanded the abolition of
1635:
1251:Scottish gold coin from 1609â1625
723:Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
516:King of Great Britain and Ireland
330:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
13337:The Open Society and Its Enemies
11636:
11229:
10864:
10655:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
8252:
8236:Works by or about James VI and I
8213:Portraits of King James I and VI
7785:Harris and Lewis, Outer Hebrides
7485:Keay, John; Keay, Julia (1994),
7417:, Wayne State University Press,
7272:Letters of King James VI & I
7246:
7226:
7210:
7190:
7076:
7051:
7032:
6979:
6963:
6903:
6876:
6847:
6827:
6811:
6798:
6774:
6754:
6702:
6690:
6638:
6606:
6582:
6543:
6497:
6444:
6398:
6369:
6337:
6311:
6285:
6270:
6255:
6245:, University of Missouri Press;
6223:
6205:
6173:
6122:
6044:
6008:
5980:
5932:
5916:
5904:
5872:
5856:
5831:
5791:
5751:
5723:
5671:
5651:
5626:
5566:
5502:
5423:
4539:Dictionary of National Biography
4348:, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd,
3981:
3972:
3962:
3947:
3930:
3921:
3906:
3897:
3884:
3875:
3866:
3839:
3718:A Paraphrase Upon The Revelation
3188:John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox
2468:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
1903:
1894:
1740:The policy was supported by the
1694:
1472:secret correspondence with James
1194:The forcible dissolution of the
1096:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
952:Archibald Douglas, Earl of Angus
719:Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford
500:succeeded his cousin Elizabeth I
466:, and a great-great-grandson of
402:
310:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
193:(1571–1572)
187:(1570–1571)
181:(1567–1570)
13880:Scottish scholars and academics
12144:Family as a model for the state
11188:
10476:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria
10405:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford
10096:Arthur or Robert Stewart (1541)
9075:Monarchs of Scotland until 1603
8200:at the official website of the
8191:at the official website of the
6806:The Turnstone: A Doctor's Story
6381:"Queen James and His Courtiers"
6229:e.g. Young, Michael B. (2000),
6170:. In fact, the issue is murky."
5362:
5322:
5279:
5242:
5229:
5189:
5161:
5136:
5104:
5063:
5032:
4992:
4976:
4912:
4892:
4806:
4738:
4723:
4672:
4644:
4604:
4588:
4572:
4544:
4531:
4487:
4459:
4426:
4410:
4379:
4335:
4271:
4258:
4242:
4169:
3830:
3821:
3812:
3802:
3787:
3774:
3732:The True Law of Free Monarchies
1728:1620. In the background is the
1321:The True Law of Free Monarchies
1311:The True Law of Free Monarchies
1286:Patrick Stewart, Earl of Orkney
948:William Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie
922:James in 1586, age 20 (attrib.
880:Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox
876:James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh
757:James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell
570:The True Law of Free Monarchies
537:in 1605 and conflicts with the
531:longest of any Scottish monarch
274:
199:(1572–1579)
185:Matthew Stewart, Earl of Lennox
13885:Lord high stewards of Scotland
13755:17th-century Scottish monarchs
13750:16th-century Scottish monarchs
13494:Separation of church and state
13392:Collectivism and individualism
13347:The Origins of Totalitarianism
9072:Monarchs of England until 1603
7329:, Cambridge University Press,
6405:Gaudiani, Claire Lynn (1981),
4177:Calendar State Papers Scotland
4153:
4137:
4125:
4105:
4081:
4028:
4016:
3852:Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
2522:
2378:) was placed above the crest.
1124:
907:ceremony of Entry to Edinburgh
1:
13785:17th-century Scottish writers
13775:16th-century Scottish writers
13760:17th-century English monarchs
13534:Category:Political philosophy
13407:Critique of political economy
10737:Henrietta, Duchess of Orléans
10471:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany
10439:Margaret, Countess of Douglas
10374:Isabella, Countess of Douglas
8471:Pictish and Scottish monarchs
7967:5th edition ch.4. Routledge.
7747:, London: Chatto and Windus,
7727:A Companion to Stuart Britain
7124:The Royal Heraldry of England
6985:For more on the influence of
6292:Graham, Fiona (5 June 2008).
6241:; Bergeron, David M. (1991),
6233:, New York University Press,
5003:Rotary Club of Stornoway 1995
4747:Scotland's Last Royal Wedding
3998:
2500:. Succeeded James I & VI.
2482:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
2450:James I and his royal progeny
1983:William Knollys, Lord Knollys
1942:Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset
1914:Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset
1778:, and the Spanish ambassador
1751:Frederick V, Elector Palatine
1725:
1670:July 1604, James had angrily
1554:, which led to the arrest of
1531:
1257:Gentleman Adventurers of Fife
1080:Sophie of Mecklenburg-GĂŒstrow
1042:1605, portrait attributed to
1039:
899:Esmé Stewart, Sieur d'Aubigny
892:James Douglas, Earl of Morton
585:Authorized King James Version
197:James Douglas, Earl of Morton
73:24 March 1603 â 27 March 1625
40:
13865:Scottish non-fiction writers
13795:Burials at Westminster Abbey
13432:Institutional discrimination
13427:History of political thought
12159:Negative and positive rights
11216:Continuing Anglican movement
10768:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
10466:Margaret, Dauphine of France
8006:The Cambridge Modern History
7904:UK public library membership
7122:; Pinches, Rosemary (1974),
6804:e.g. Dean, Geoffrey (2002),
6053:Westerfield Tucker, Karen B.
5608:UK public library membership
5186:, retrieved 18 October 2011.
3856:The Trials of Frances Howard
3848:Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
3141:King of Scotland and England
1426:, became largely sidelined.
988:John Ruthven, Earl of Gowrie
972:John Maitland of Thirlestane
778:
769:James Stewart, Earl of Moray
677:, and as the eldest son and
616:
439:on 24 March 1603 until
179:James Stewart, Earl of Moray
127:24 July 1567 â 27 March 1625
7:
13890:16th-century Scottish peers
13855:People of the Stuart period
13770:16th-century Scottish poets
13765:17th-century Irish monarchs
13442:Justification for the state
13227:Two Treatises of Government
11615:Anglicanism of the Americas
11046:18th century â 20th century
10660:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
10486:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay
10390:Marjorie, Countess of Moray
10385:Margaret, Lady of the Isles
9682:British monarchs after the
8251:(public domain audiobooks)
8019:The Economic History Review
7611:Martin, Patrick H. (2016),
7593:MacKinnon, Kenneth (1991),
7527:, in Brown, P. Hume (ed.),
7523:Law, Thomas Graves (1904),
7376:, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
7039:Cramsie, John (June 2003),
6262:Bergeron, David M. (1999).
4023:Fischlin & Fortier 2002
3942:Bishop Bilson of Winchester
3163:Ancestors of James VI and I
3154:
2478:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
2395:
2091:buried in Westminster Abbey
1730:Banqueting House, Whitehall
1165:storms against James's ship
1021:
729:). Mary refused to let the
725:(represented by ambassador
315:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
10:
13916:
13576:The Gunpowder Plot of 1605
12112:Bellum omnium contra omnes
11320:Dissolution of Monasteries
11037:John Stewart of Baldynneis
11022:Robert Sempill the younger
10956:John Stewart of Baldynneis
10753:Charles, Duke of Cambridge
10100:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
8154:Journal of British Studies
8143:Young, Michael B. (1999).
8093:Journal of British Studies
7993:Journal of British Studies
7783:Thompson, Francis (1968),
7687:, Machynlleth: Kittiwake,
7325:Cogswell, Thomas (2005) ,
7289:Barroll, J. Leeds (2001),
7261:
6385:Gay History and Literature
3748:A Counterblaste to Tobacco
3524:
3407:
3281:
3272:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
3175:
2452:by Charles Turner, from a
2375:In My Defens God Me Defend
2141:Cuper's Cove, Newfoundland
2100:
1883:
1802:
1698:
1662:
1639:
1515:
1483:James's English coronation
1433:
1153:North Berwick witch trials
1001:In 1586, James signed the
644:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
642:, and her second husband,
638:James was the only son of
383:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
325:Charles I, King of England
299:
13780:16th-century male writers
13669:
13618:
13582:
13529:
13379:
13148:
12796:
12529:
12409:
12328:
12240:
12231:
12097:
11931:
11860:
11689:
11633:
11625:Reformed Episcopal Church
11577:
11477:
11410:
11238:
11227:
11196:
11121:
11045:
10969:
10913:
10872:
10821:
10796:
10745:
10732:Henry, Duke of Gloucester
10693:
10647:
10631:
10607:
10576:
10550:
10527:Alexander, Duke of Albany
10509:
10458:
10418:
10395:David, Earl of Strathearn
10364:Alexander, Earl of Buchan
10341:
10330:
10321:
10303:Stewart of Castle Stewart
10287:
10213:
10163:
10068:
10015:
9823:
9770:
9693:
9677:
9673:
9610:
9593:
9589:
9066:
9062:
8992:
8712:
8477:
8437:
8432:Links to related articles
8405:
8397:
8382:
8373:
8360:
8353:
8338:
8330:
8320:
8311:
8303:
8298:
8271:
8077:Peck, Linda Levy (1982).
7920:Akrigg, G. P. V. (1978).
7868:, London: Jonathan Cape,
7505:Krugler, John D. (2004),
7491:, London: HarperCollins,
7459:, Edinburgh: Mainstream,
6529:. Hambledon. p. 38.
6277:Ruigh, Robert E. (1971).
4745:Stevenson, David (1997).
3594:
3586:
3558:
3536:
3532:
3496:
3473:
3465:
3437:
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3411:
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2809:
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2805:
2803:
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2785:
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2767:
2765:
2755:
2753:
2719:
2717:
2694:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2663:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2637:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2591:
2587:
2585:
2579:
2558:
2498:Henrietta Maria of France
2416:
2407:
2398:
2176:abolition of the monarchy
2096:
2023:National Portrait Gallery
1556:Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham
1485:took place on 25 July at
986:, the younger brother of
865:De Jure Regni apud Scotos
801:anointed King of Scotland
745:Lord Darnley was murdered
691:Great Steward of Scotland
579:(1599). He sponsored the
398:
388:
378:
366:
357:
352:
348:
292:
256:
242:
226:
210:
206:
191:John Erskine, Earl of Mar
162:
152:
142:
132:
122:
108:
98:
88:
78:
68:
50:
28:
23:
13317:The Revolt of the Masses
11258:Anglo-Saxon Christianity
10778:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge
10763:James, Duke of Cambridge
10589:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay
10496:Mary, Countess of Buchan
10481:Joan, Countess of Morton
10447:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith
10221:High Steward of Scotland
10167:Dukes of York and Albany
8068:Montague, F. C. (1907).
7729:, Blackwell Publishing,
6883:Stanley, Arthur (1886),
6787:, London: Bantam Press,
6481:Queering the Renaissance
6247:Murphy, Timothy (2011),
5250:Shakespeare and Scotland
5178:11 February 2012 at the
4909:, pp. 105, 308â309.
4832:10.21083/irss.v45i0.5801
3782:Jean, Countess of Argyll
3767:
3670:Some Reulis and Cautelis
2440:
2145:has lasted for 400 years
1848:Hampton Court Conference
1736:, commissioned by James.
1542:; the jewel is now lost.
1538:, three rectangular red
1355:English House of Commons
1318:In 1597â98, James wrote
886:, followed a banquet at
765:abdicate on 24 July 1567
735:subsequent entertainment
731:Archbishop of St Andrews
621:
581:translation of the Bible
13297:The Communist Manifesto
12223:Tyranny of the majority
12134:Consent of the governed
11643:Christianity portal
11585:Converts to Anglicanism
11280:Augustine of Canterbury
11073:Alicia Ann Spottiswoode
10773:Charles, Duke of Kendal
10615:James, Duke of Rothesay
10599:Alexander, Duke of Ross
10584:James, Duke of Rothesay
10517:Mary, Countess of Arran
10443:Mary, Countess of Angus
10426:David, Duke of Rothesay
8245:Works by James VI and I
8227:Works by James VI and I
8041:Houston, S. J. (1974).
7575:—— (1998),
7536:Lindley, David (1993),
7474:Jack, R. D. S. (Ronald)
6067:Oxford University Press
4075:Oxford University Press
4067:Oxford World's Classics
2504:Robert, Duke of Kintyre
2306:paw a sword and in the
2254:
2078:Great Britain's Salomon
1119:died before her husband
1072:Bishop's Palace in Oslo
946:, the Protestant earls
805:Church of the Holy Rude
737:, devised by Frenchman
662:, faced a rebellion by
230:27 March 1625 (aged 58)
35:Portrait attributed to
13900:Sons of queens regnant
12174:
12124:Clash of civilizations
12110:
11620:Free Church of England
11068:Robert Louis Stevenson
10970:c. 1560 â 17th century
10619:Robert, Duke of Albany
10400:Walter, Earl of Atholl
10369:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll
10359:Robert, Duke of Albany
10349:Robert III of Scotland
10308:Stewart of Balquhidder
10022:
8479:Monarchs of the Picts
8420:Merged with the Crown
8202:Royal Collection Trust
7924:. New York: Atheneum.
7897:10.1093/ref:odnb/14592
7761:Stroud, Angus (1999),
7743:Stewart, Alan (2003),
7669:, Ashgate Publishing,
7647:Perry, Curtis (2006),
6509:The History of England
6164:Bucholz & Key 2004
5593:10.1093/ref:odnb/24066
4581:, pp. 29, 41â42;
3914:
3892:Archbishop Spottiswood
2460:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2261:royal arms of Scotland
2231:
2172:execution of Charles I
2116:
2025:
1933:
1880:Personal relationships
1874:Five Articles of Perth
1737:
1646:A dissident Catholic,
1543:
1534:1605. James wears the
1512:Early reign in England
1463:
1315:
1252:
1214:
1208:
1140:
1114:, James's successor.
1046:
1031:
931:
845:abbot of Cambuskenneth
788:
715:Elizabeth I of England
711:John, Count of Brienne
705:. His godparents were
654:, the older sister of
635:
543:Elizabethan literature
423:from 24 July 1567 and
13840:Patrons of literature
13830:Knights of the Garter
13790:Anglican philosophers
12139:Divine right of kings
11610:Anglican prayer beads
11492:Book of Common Prayer
11449:Lambeth Quadrilateral
11300:Medieval architecture
11221:Personal ordinariates
10982:Alexander Montgomerie
10522:James III of Scotland
10334:Robert II of Scotland
10154:Prince Charles Edward
10021:
8714:Monarchs of the Scots
8104:Smith, D. L. (1998).
8027:Hirst, Derek (1986).
7866:King James VI & I
7862:Willson, David Harris
7311:, Oxford: Blackwell,
6525:Miller, John (2004).
6319:Lee, Maurice (1990),
6294:"To the manor bought"
6180:Bain, Joseph (1894),
5200:Alexander Montgomerie
4681:The Reign of James VI
3609:Antoinette of Bourbon
3551:Claude, Duke of Guise
2448:
2421:
2412:
2403:
2387:James III of Scotland
2362:Cross of Saint George
2358:Cross of Saint Andrew
2245:defender of the faith
2226:
2168:divine right of kings
2110:
2016:
1854:Book of Common Prayer
1719:
1525:
1443:
1404:Alexander Montgomerie
1340:divine right of kings
1307:
1250:
1196:Lordship of the Isles
1190:Highlands and Islands
1132:
1037:
1029:
1008:most likely successor
928:Alonso SĂĄnchez Coello
921:
786:
629:
594:Book of Common Prayer
462:James was the son of
13287:Democracy in America
12666:political philosophy
12649:political philosophy
12464:political philosophy
12293:political philosophy
12203:Separation of powers
12164:Night-watchman state
12149:Monopoly on violence
11683:Political philosophy
11443:Thirty-nine Articles
11335:Apostolic succession
11211:Anglican realignment
11088:Sydney Goodsir Smith
10809:Henry, Cardinal York
10788:Louisa Maria Theresa
10670:Charles I of England
10623:Mary, Queen of Scots
10558:James IV of Scotland
10532:David, Earl of Moray
10491:James II of Scotland
10410:Egidia, Lady Douglas
10354:Walter, Earl of Fife
10299:Stewart of Ballechin
9652:William III & II
9217:Henry the Young King
9167:Edward the Confessor
9135:Ăthelred the Unready
8795:Constantine III (IV)
8760:Constantine II (III)
8260:Documents on James I
7977:Durston, C. (1993).
7706:A History of Britain
7396:Mary, Queen of Scots
7187:, pp. 140, 142.
7161:Brooke-Little, J. P.
7120:Pinches, John Harvey
6856:, pp. 129â130;
6820:, pp. 127â128;
6763:, pp. 126â127;
6727:, pp. 378, 404.
6135:, pp. 185â186;
5989:, pp. 207â208;
5865:, pp. 118â119;
5708:, pp. 348, 357.
5432:, pp. 461â468;
5288:, pp. 161â162;
4937:, pp. 143, 166.
4875:Keay & Keay 1994
4251:, pp. 364â365;
4162:, pp. 248â250;
3515:Mary, Queen of Scots
3430:James IV of Scotland
2372:(which is short for
2211:David Harris Willson
2160:political absolutism
2129:Plantation of Ulster
1811:Popish Recusants Act
1759:Emperor Ferdinand II
1709:. The policy of the
1672:prorogued Parliament
1536:Three Brothers jewel
1446:royal heraldic badge
1430:Accession in England
1200:James IV of Scotland
1068:David Harris Willson
717:(represented by the
707:Charles IX of France
648:Henry VII of England
640:Mary, Queen of Scots
520:Plantation of Ulster
478:governed during his
474:in his favour. Four
464:Mary, Queen of Scots
393:Mary, Queen of Scots
358:James Charles Stuart
281:; died
13860:Protestant monarchs
13477:Right-wing politics
13357:A Theory of Justice
13327:The Road to Serfdom
13247:The Social Contract
11954:Christian democracy
11310:English Reformation
11253:Celtic Christianity
11098:George Campbell Hay
10594:James V of Scotland
10563:James, Duke of Ross
10431:James I of Scotland
9600:Union of the Crowns
8825:Malcolm III Canmore
8355:Peerage of Scotland
7847:, London: Longman,
7820:Mary Queen of Scots
7110:, pp. 252â253.
7029:, pp. 1â9, 46.
6824:, pp. 445â447.
6603:, pp. 334â335.
6346:, pp. 19, 21;
6213:Hyde, H. Montgomery
6107:, pp. 213â215.
6069:. p. 503-504.
5993:, pp. 148â149.
5901:, pp. 120â121.
5869:, pp. 431â435.
5764:, pp. 372â373.
5748:, pp. 369â370.
5515:, pp. 249â253.
5499:, pp. 249â253.
5335:, pp. 160â164.
5292:, pp. 154â155.
5264:, pp. 137â138.
5158:, pp. 126â127.
5089:, pp. 131â133.
4889:, pp. 103â105.
4720:, pp. 107â110.
4629:, pp. 126â130.
4601:, pp. 150â157.
4585:, pp. 121â124.
4376:, pp. 248â249.
4227:, pp. 312â313.
4215:, pp. 171â172.
3724:The Two Meditations
3456:James V of Scotland
2137:Jamestown, Virginia
2050:Théodore de Mayerne
1707:Maria Anna of Spain
1659:King and Parliament
1630:Earl of Northampton
1597:, who continued as
1462:by the royal crown.
1436:Union of the Crowns
1424:James I of Scotland
1161:Witchcraft Act 1563
1090:and a meeting with
547:William Shakespeare
13697:James I of England
13636:Christopher Wright
13489:Political violence
13484:Political theology
13467:Left-wing politics
13462:Political spectrum
11366:King James Version
11206:Anglican Communion
11007:Elizabeth Melville
10313:Stewart of Darnley
10023:
9684:Acts of Union 1707
9647:James II & VII
9340:Kenneth I MacAlpin
9125:Edgar the Peaceful
8898:Second Interregnum
8865:William I the Lion
8734:Constantine I (II)
8724:Kenneth I MacAlpin
8387:Title next held by
8365:Title last held by
8081:. Harper Collins.
7816:Warnicke, Retha M.
7255:, p. xviâxvii
7165:Boutell's Heraldry
6863:quod.lib.umich.edu
6840:, p. 129 and
6711:, pp. 98â99;
6477:Goldberg, Jonathan
6379:(8 January 2000),
5788:, p. 408â416.
5776:, p. 374â377.
4985:, pp. 40â41;
4653:, pp. 29â31;
4597:, pp. 24â25;
4557:, pp. 39, 50.
4553:, pp. 17â18;
4496:, pp. 13â15;
4419:, pp. 11â12;
4342:Spottiswoode, John
4332:, pp. 13, 18.
4092:Henry IV of France
2672:Elizabeth Hamilton
2461:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2389:), the Tudor rose
2274:armed and langued
2117:
2026:
1859:King James Version
1831:Millenary Petition
1819:crypto-Catholicism
1815:Oath of Allegiance
1753:, was ousted from
1738:
1610:English Parliament
1544:
1464:
1365:Literary patronage
1338:, he sets out the
1316:
1300:Theory of monarchy
1253:
1155:, the first major
1141:
1102:in 1612, aged 18;
1058:. Shortly after a
1047:
1032:
932:
872:Battle of Langside
825:Church of Scotland
789:
636:
539:English Parliament
13815:Dukes of Rothesay
13722:
13721:
13716:
13715:
13583:Original plotters
13542:
13541:
13452:Philosophy of law
13397:Conflict theories
13237:The Spirit of Law
13144:
13143:
12193:Original position
11649:
11648:
11555:Books of Homilies
11397:Anglo-Catholicism
11330:Church of Ireland
11325:Church of England
11156:
11155:
11002:Christian Lindsay
10914:c. 1460 â c. 1560
10900:Andrew of Wyntoun
10873:c. 1370 â c. 1460
10832:
10831:
10817:
10816:
10568:John, Earl of Mar
10537:John, Earl of Mar
10173:
10172:
10085:Alexander Stewart
10028:
10027:
9817:Dukes of Rothesay
9783:
9782:
9766:
9765:
9669:
9668:
9585:
9584:
9580:
9579:
9130:Edward the Martyr
9013:
9012:
8886:First Interregnum
8425:
8424:
8321:Succeeded by
8231:Project Gutenberg
8114:978-0-6311-9402-6
7973:978-1-4058-5916-5
7902:(Subscription or
7875:978-0-2246-0572-4
7854:978-0-5821-2783-8
7833:978-0-4152-9182-8
7794:978-0-7153-4260-2
7776:978-0-4152-0652-5
7754:978-0-7011-6984-8
7736:978-0-6312-1874-6
7715:978-0-7868-6752-3
7694:978-0-9511-0035-6
7676:978-0-7546-0482-2
7658:978-0-5218-5405-4
7640:978-0-5216-5040-3
7622:978-1-4766-6255-8
7604:978-0-8541-1047-6
7586:978-0-5822-7961-2
7568:978-0-5825-0296-3
7547:978-0-4150-5206-1
7516:978-0-8018-7963-0
7498:978-0-0025-5082-6
7466:978-1-8401-8376-4
7445:978-1-8411-5752-8
7424:978-0-8143-2877-4
7406:978-0-3401-2383-6
7391:Donaldson, Gordon
7383:978-0-1982-1704-6
7373:The Early Stuarts
7359:978-0-3336-1395-5
7336:978-0-5210-2313-9
7318:978-0-6312-1393-2
7300:978-0-8122-3574-6
7282:978-0-5200-4707-5
7083:Velde, Francois,
7058:Velde, Francois,
6518:978-0-2307-0641-5
6418:978-3-8780-8892-9
6330:978-0-2520-1686-8
6239:978-0-8147-9693-1
6191:978-1-0157-9859-5
6076:978-0-1951-3886-3
5648:, pp. 75â81.
5606:(Subscription or
5527:, pp. 52â53.
5475:, pp. 52â54.
5399:, pp. 50â51.
4961:, pp. 40â41.
4762:, pp. 85â95.
4696:, pp. 23â24.
4444:978-0-1992-6572-5
4423:, pp. 51â63.
4392:, pp. 28â29.
4320:, pp. 12â13.
3912:In the original:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3246:Elizabeth Stewart
3152:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3139:James VI & I,
2849:Archibald Douglas
2438:
2437:
2366:Scottish practice
2239:Titles and styles
2164:English Civil War
2127:Under James, the
1971:Théophile de Viau
1951:Sir Edward Peyton
1793:Earl of Middlesex
1772:royal prerogative
1747:Thirty Years' War
1685:Addled Parliament
1622:AngloâSpanish War
1579:Earl of Salisbury
1564:Privy Councillors
1487:Westminster Abbey
1411:William Alexander
1398:, which included
1344:royal prerogative
1284:, James's cousin
1121:, in March 1619.
1082:. After stays at
1016:an annual subsidy
1003:Treaty of Berwick
984:Alexander Ruthven
954:lured James into
926:or the school of
853:abbot of Dryburgh
727:Philibert du Croc
632:Arnold Bronckorst
611:Thirty Years' War
609:, especially the
498:. In 1603, James
410:
409:
362:
361:
250:Westminster Abbey
235:, Hertfordshire,
13907:
13875:Scottish princes
13682:Guy Fawkes Night
13651:Ambrose Rokewood
13569:
13562:
13555:
13546:
13545:
13457:Political ethics
13447:Machiavellianism
13387:Authoritarianism
13372:
13362:
13352:
13342:
13332:
13322:
13312:
13302:
13292:
13282:
13272:
13262:
13252:
13242:
13232:
13222:
13212:
13202:
13192:
13182:
13172:
13162:
12238:
12237:
12179:
12115:
12105:Balance of power
12079:Social democracy
12074:Social Darwinism
12049:Multiculturalism
11994:Environmentalism
11969:Communitarianism
11676:
11669:
11662:
11653:
11652:
11641:
11640:
11387:Nonjuring schism
11382:Caroline Divines
11233:
11183:
11176:
11169:
11160:
11159:
11108:Hamish Henderson
11058:Robert Fergusson
11032:William Drummond
10951:Richard Maitland
10859:
10852:
10845:
10836:
10835:
10378:Jean, Lady Keith
10328:
10327:
10295:Stewart of Appin
10279:Earl of Galloway
10269:Marquess of Bute
10236:Duke of Richmond
10207:House of Stewart
10200:
10193:
10186:
10177:
10176:
10055:
10048:
10041:
10032:
10031:
10020:
9810:
9803:
9796:
9787:
9786:
9675:
9674:
9635:Richard Cromwell
9625:The Protectorate
9615:James I & VI
9591:
9590:
9172:Harold Godwinson
9092:Edward the Elder
9085:Alfred the Great
9069:
9068:
9064:
9063:
9040:
9033:
9026:
9017:
9016:
9006:
8997:also monarch of
8464:
8457:
8450:
8441:
8440:
8428:
8427:
8398:Preceded by
8376:Duke of Rothesay
8331:Preceded by
8314:King of Scotland
8304:Preceded by
8294:
8287:
8269:
8268:
8256:
8255:
8240:Internet Archive
8223:
8193:British monarchy
8177:
8148:
8139:
8130:(223): 187â209.
7957:
7935:
7907:
7899:
7878:
7857:
7837:
7811:
7810:, Bannatyne Club
7797:
7779:
7768:
7757:
7739:
7718:
7697:
7679:
7661:
7643:
7625:
7607:
7589:
7571:
7550:
7532:
7519:
7501:
7481:
7469:
7448:
7427:
7409:
7386:
7362:
7339:
7321:
7303:
7285:
7256:
7250:
7244:
7230:
7224:
7214:
7208:
7205:John Chamberlain
7194:
7188:
7182:
7176:
7158:
7149:
7146:
7135:
7117:
7111:
7105:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7080:
7074:
7073:
7071:
7069:
7055:
7049:
7048:
7047:(review no. 334)
7036:
7030:
7024:
7018:
7012:
7006:
7000:
6994:
6983:
6977:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6949:
6943:
6937:
6931:
6925:
6907:
6901:
6895:
6889:
6888:
6880:
6874:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6851:
6845:
6834:John Chamberlain
6831:
6825:
6815:
6809:
6802:
6796:
6781:Röhl, John C. G.
6778:
6772:
6758:
6752:
6746:
6740:
6734:
6728:
6722:
6716:
6706:
6700:
6694:
6688:
6682:
6676:
6670:
6664:
6658:
6652:
6642:
6636:
6630:
6624:
6610:
6604:
6598:
6592:
6586:
6580:
6574:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6563:
6547:
6541:
6540:
6522:
6501:
6495:
6494:
6469:
6448:
6442:
6436:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6402:
6396:
6395:
6393:
6391:
6373:
6367:
6366:
6341:
6335:
6334:
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6289:
6283:
6282:
6274:
6268:
6267:
6259:
6253:
6252:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6209:
6203:
6202:
6177:
6171:
6161:
6152:
6146:
6140:
6126:
6120:
6114:
6108:
6102:
6096:
6090:
6081:
6080:
6048:
6042:
6036:
6030:
6012:
6006:
6000:
5994:
5984:
5978:
5972:
5966:
5960:
5954:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5930:
5920:
5914:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5876:
5870:
5860:
5854:
5848:
5842:
5837:James quoted by
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5795:
5789:
5783:
5777:
5771:
5765:
5755:
5749:
5743:
5737:
5727:
5721:
5715:
5709:
5703:
5697:
5691:
5685:
5675:
5669:
5655:
5649:
5643:
5637:
5630:
5624:
5618:
5612:
5611:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5580:
5570:
5564:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5506:
5500:
5494:
5488:
5482:
5476:
5470:
5464:
5458:
5449:
5443:
5437:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5400:
5394:
5388:
5382:
5376:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5342:
5336:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5293:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5246:
5240:
5233:
5227:
5221:
5215:
5209:
5203:
5193:
5187:
5165:
5159:
5153:
5147:
5140:
5134:
5128:
5122:
5117:, p. 132: "
5108:
5102:
5096:
5090:
5084:
5078:
5069:James quoted by
5067:
5061:
5055:
5046:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
5005:, pp. 12â13
4996:
4990:
4980:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4956:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4926:
4916:
4910:
4896:
4890:
4884:
4878:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4844:
4834:
4810:
4804:
4798:
4792:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4763:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4727:
4721:
4715:
4709:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4648:
4642:
4636:
4630:
4608:
4602:
4592:
4586:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4558:
4548:
4542:
4535:
4529:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4491:
4485:
4479:
4473:
4466:David Calderwood
4463:
4457:
4456:
4430:
4424:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4393:
4383:
4377:
4371:
4365:
4359:
4353:
4339:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4303:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4275:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4246:
4240:
4234:
4228:
4222:
4216:
4210:
4204:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4173:
4167:
4157:
4151:
4141:
4135:
4134:, pp. 47â57
4129:
4123:
4118:, pp. 4â6;
4109:
4103:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4055:
4046:
4043:political theory
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
3992:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3970:
3966:
3960:
3956:John Chamberlain
3951:
3945:
3934:
3928:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3895:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3873:
3870:
3864:
3843:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3791:
3785:
3778:
3658:List of writings
3334:Margaret Douglas
3169:
3168:
3160:
3159:
3024:Queen of England
3013:Queen of England
3003:Margaret Douglas
2986:King of Scotland
2826:King of Scotland
2562:Mary of Guelders
2536:
2535:
2527:
2526:
2396:
2326:passant guardant
2286:by two unicorns
2278:within a double
2009:Health and death
1955:Apethorpe Palace
1936:
1907:
1898:
1757:by the Catholic
1727:
1689:Lionel Cranfield
1591:Thomas Sackville
1533:
1457:Scottish thistle
1448:after 1603, the
1275:Lowland Scotland
1270:Statutes of Iona
1219:
1211:
1108:queen of Bohemia
1041:
914:Rule in Scotland
827:, the Kirk. The
819:was preached by
813:Bishop of Orkney
807:in Stirling, by
761:Lochleven Castle
709:(represented by
683:Duke of Rothesay
675:Edinburgh Castle
453:sovereign states
417:King of Scotland
406:
350:
349:
303:
286:
284:
280:
276:
217:Edinburgh Castle
173:
128:
110:King of Scotland
74:
45:
42:
33:
21:
20:
13915:
13914:
13910:
13909:
13908:
13906:
13905:
13904:
13825:House of Stuart
13810:Dukes of Albany
13725:
13724:
13723:
13718:
13717:
13712:
13687:Guy Fawkes mask
13665:
13661:Francis Tresham
13614:
13578:
13573:
13543:
13538:
13525:
13514:Totalitarianism
13375:
13370:
13360:
13350:
13340:
13330:
13320:
13310:
13300:
13290:
13280:
13270:
13260:
13250:
13240:
13230:
13220:
13210:
13200:
13190:
13187:Treatise on Law
13180:
13170:
13160:
13140:
12798:
12792:
12531:
12525:
12411:
12405:
12324:
12227:
12213:State of nature
12208:Social contract
12188:Ordered liberty
12176:Noblesse oblige
12093:
11927:
11856:
11685:
11680:
11650:
11645:
11635:
11629:
11573:
11544:Liturgical year
11473:
11406:
11392:Oxford Movement
11234:
11225:
11192:
11187:
11157:
11152:
11125:
11117:
11103:Alexander Scott
11041:
11027:Francis Sempill
10977:Alexander Scott
10965:
10961:William Stewart
10926:Robert Henryson
10909:
10905:Richard Holland
10895:Sir Gilbert Hay
10868:
10863:
10833:
10828:
10813:
10797:12th generation
10792:
10746:11th generation
10741:
10694:10th generation
10689:
10643:
10627:
10603:
10572:
10546:
10505:
10454:
10414:
10381:Katherine Logan
10337:
10323:
10317:
10283:
10259:Duke of Aubigny
10251:King of Ireland
10246:King of England
10209:
10204:
10174:
10169:
10165:italics denote
10159:
10125:Ernest Augustus
10079:Murdoch Stewart
10064:
10062:Dukes of Albany
10059:
10029:
10024:
10018:
10013:
9912:Henry Frederick
9819:
9814:
9784:
9779:
9762:
9689:
9665:
9630:Oliver Cromwell
9606:
9581:
9576:
9423:Constantine III
9332:
9157:Harold Harefoot
9147:Edmund Ironside
9058:
9053: and
9044:
9014:
9009:
8996:
8988:
8715:
8708:
8664:Constantine (I)
8544:Galam Cennalath
8480:
8473:
8468:
8433:
8415:
8411:
8403:
8391:Henry Frederick
8388:
8379:
8366:
8348:
8341:King of England
8336:
8326:
8317:
8309:
8288:
8282:
8281:
8278:House of Stuart
8274:
8253:
8185:
8180:
8015:Goodare, Julian
8002:Gardiner, S. R.
7954:
7940:Fraser, Antonia
7932:
7915:
7913:Further reading
7910:
7901:
7876:
7855:
7844:Anne of Denmark
7834:
7802:Thomson, Thomas
7795:
7777:
7755:
7737:
7723:Smith, David L.
7716:
7695:
7677:
7659:
7641:
7623:
7605:
7587:
7569:
7548:
7517:
7499:
7467:
7446:
7425:
7407:
7384:
7368:Davies, Godfrey
7360:
7337:
7319:
7301:
7283:
7264:
7259:
7251:
7247:
7239:, p. 142;
7231:
7227:
7215:
7211:
7195:
7191:
7183:
7179:
7175:, pp. 213, 215.
7159:
7152:
7147:
7138:
7118:
7114:
7106:
7102:
7092:
7090:
7089:, heraldica.org
7081:
7077:
7067:
7065:
7064:, heraldica.org
7056:
7052:
7037:
7033:
7025:
7021:
7013:
7009:
7001:
6997:
6984:
6980:
6976:, pp. 1â4.
6968:
6964:
6956:
6952:
6944:
6940:
6932:
6928:
6908:
6904:
6896:
6892:
6881:
6877:
6867:
6865:
6857:
6852:
6848:
6832:
6828:
6816:
6812:
6803:
6799:
6779:
6775:
6759:
6755:
6747:
6743:
6735:
6731:
6723:
6719:
6707:
6703:
6695:
6691:
6683:
6679:
6671:
6667:
6659:
6655:
6643:
6639:
6631:
6627:
6615:, p. 349;
6611:
6607:
6599:
6595:
6587:
6583:
6575:
6571:
6561:
6559:
6548:
6544:
6537:
6519:
6502:
6498:
6491:
6466:
6449:
6445:
6437:
6433:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6403:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6374:
6370:
6363:
6342:
6338:
6331:
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6290:
6286:
6275:
6271:
6260:
6256:
6228:
6224:
6210:
6206:
6192:
6178:
6174:
6162:
6155:
6147:
6143:
6131:, p. 166;
6127:
6123:
6115:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6049:
6045:
6037:
6033:
6023:Basilikon Doron
6017:, p. 156;
6013:
6009:
6001:
5997:
5985:
5981:
5973:
5969:
5961:
5957:
5949:
5945:
5937:
5933:
5925:, p. 125;
5921:
5917:
5909:
5905:
5897:
5893:
5885:, p. 120;
5877:
5873:
5861:
5857:
5849:
5845:
5836:
5832:
5824:
5820:
5812:
5808:
5800:, p. 148;
5796:
5792:
5784:
5780:
5772:
5768:
5760:, p. 104;
5756:
5752:
5744:
5740:
5728:
5724:
5716:
5712:
5704:
5700:
5692:
5688:
5676:
5672:
5664:, p. 167;
5656:
5652:
5644:
5640:
5631:
5627:
5619:
5615:
5605:
5597:
5595:
5571:
5567:
5559:
5555:
5547:
5543:
5535:
5531:
5523:
5519:
5507:
5503:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5479:
5471:
5467:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5440:
5428:
5424:
5416:
5403:
5395:
5391:
5383:
5379:
5371:, p. 172;
5367:
5363:
5355:
5351:
5343:
5339:
5331:, p. 315;
5327:
5323:
5315:
5311:
5303:
5296:
5284:
5280:
5272:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5247:
5243:
5234:
5230:
5222:
5218:
5210:
5206:
5194:
5190:
5180:Wayback Machine
5166:
5162:
5154:
5150:
5141:
5137:
5129:
5125:
5119:Basilikon Doron
5109:
5105:
5097:
5093:
5085:
5081:
5068:
5064:
5056:
5049:
5041:, p. 139;
5037:
5033:
5025:
5021:
5013:
5009:
5001:, p. 175;
4997:
4993:
4981:
4977:
4969:
4965:
4957:
4953:
4945:
4941:
4933:
4929:
4921:, p. 220;
4917:
4913:
4897:
4893:
4885:
4881:
4873:
4866:
4811:
4807:
4799:
4795:
4787:
4783:
4775:
4766:
4758:
4754:
4743:
4739:
4728:
4724:
4716:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4688:
4677:
4673:
4665:
4661:
4649:
4645:
4637:
4633:
4615:George Nicolson
4609:
4605:
4593:
4589:
4577:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4549:
4545:
4536:
4532:
4520:
4516:
4508:
4504:
4492:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4464:
4460:
4445:
4431:
4427:
4415:
4411:
4403:
4396:
4384:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4360:
4356:
4340:
4336:
4328:
4324:
4316:
4312:
4304:
4300:
4292:
4288:
4276:
4272:
4263:
4259:
4247:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4211:
4207:
4199:
4195:
4187:
4183:
4174:
4170:
4158:
4154:
4142:
4138:
4130:
4126:
4110:
4106:
4086:
4082:
4059:Cummings, Brian
4056:
4049:
4033:
4029:
4021:
4017:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3995:
3986:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3967:
3963:
3952:
3948:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3898:
3890:In March 1605,
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3813:
3807:
3803:
3792:
3788:
3779:
3775:
3770:
3740:Basilikon Doron
3660:
3655:
3157:
3140:
3079:
3035:King of England
3034:
3033:Edward VI,
3023:
3012:
2996:Matthew Stewart
2985:
2859:King of England
2858:
2825:
2743:King of England
2742:
2617:
2553:
2541:House of Stuart
2525:
2484:. Died aged 65.
2458:Willem de Passe
2443:
2257:
2241:
2236:
2203:Francis Osborne
2105:
2099:
2062:Theobalds House
2021:, 1621, in the
2011:
1995:Thomas Overbury
1962:Basilikon Doron
1924:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1900:
1899:
1888:
1882:
1807:
1801:
1799:King and Church
1732:, by architect
1703:
1697:
1667:
1661:
1644:
1638:
1624:to an end, and
1587:Lord Chancellor
1570:and his nephew
1526:Portrait after
1520:
1514:
1438:
1432:
1367:
1350:Basilikon Doron
1327:Basilikon Doron
1302:
1209:linn nan creach
1192:
1167:, most notably
1127:
1052:Anne of Denmark
1024:
916:
888:Dalkeith Palace
833:George Buchanan
797:Countess of Mar
781:
703:Stirling Castle
695:Henry Killigrew
660:Roman Catholics
624:
619:
576:Basilikon Doron
488:Henry Frederick
484:Anne of Denmark
425:King of England
344:
297:
296:
288:
272:
268:
265:
263:Anne of Denmark
252:
247:
233:Theobalds House
231:
215:
202:
175:
174:
169:
126:
118:
72:
64:
52:King of England
46:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
13913:
13903:
13902:
13897:
13892:
13887:
13882:
13877:
13872:
13867:
13862:
13857:
13852:
13847:
13842:
13837:
13835:Child monarchs
13832:
13827:
13822:
13817:
13812:
13807:
13802:
13800:Castalian Band
13797:
13792:
13787:
13782:
13777:
13772:
13767:
13762:
13757:
13752:
13747:
13742:
13737:
13735:James VI and I
13720:
13719:
13714:
13713:
13711:
13710:
13705:
13699:
13694:
13689:
13684:
13679:
13673:
13671:
13667:
13666:
13664:
13663:
13658:
13653:
13648:
13646:Robert Wintour
13643:
13638:
13633:
13628:
13622:
13620:
13616:
13615:
13613:
13612:
13607:
13605:Thomas Wintour
13602:
13597:
13595:Robert Catesby
13592:
13586:
13584:
13580:
13579:
13572:
13571:
13564:
13557:
13549:
13540:
13539:
13537:
13536:
13530:
13527:
13526:
13524:
13523:
13516:
13511:
13506:
13504:Social justice
13501:
13496:
13491:
13486:
13481:
13480:
13479:
13474:
13469:
13459:
13454:
13449:
13444:
13439:
13434:
13429:
13424:
13419:
13414:
13412:Egalitarianism
13409:
13404:
13402:Contractualism
13399:
13394:
13389:
13383:
13381:
13377:
13376:
13374:
13373:
13363:
13353:
13343:
13333:
13323:
13313:
13303:
13293:
13283:
13273:
13263:
13253:
13243:
13233:
13223:
13213:
13203:
13193:
13183:
13173:
13163:
13152:
13150:
13146:
13145:
13142:
13141:
13139:
13138:
13133:
13128:
13123:
13118:
13113:
13108:
13103:
13098:
13093:
13088:
13083:
13078:
13073:
13068:
13063:
13058:
13053:
13048:
13043:
13038:
13033:
13028:
13023:
13018:
13013:
13008:
13003:
12998:
12993:
12988:
12983:
12978:
12973:
12968:
12963:
12958:
12953:
12948:
12943:
12938:
12933:
12928:
12923:
12918:
12913:
12908:
12903:
12898:
12893:
12888:
12883:
12878:
12873:
12868:
12863:
12858:
12853:
12848:
12843:
12838:
12833:
12828:
12823:
12818:
12813:
12808:
12802:
12800:
12794:
12793:
12791:
12790:
12785:
12780:
12775:
12770:
12765:
12760:
12755:
12750:
12745:
12740:
12735:
12730:
12725:
12720:
12715:
12710:
12705:
12700:
12695:
12690:
12685:
12680:
12675:
12670:
12669:
12668:
12658:
12653:
12652:
12651:
12641:
12636:
12631:
12626:
12621:
12616:
12611:
12606:
12601:
12596:
12591:
12586:
12581:
12576:
12571:
12566:
12561:
12556:
12551:
12546:
12541:
12535:
12533:
12527:
12526:
12524:
12523:
12518:
12513:
12508:
12503:
12498:
12493:
12488:
12483:
12478:
12473:
12468:
12467:
12466:
12456:
12451:
12446:
12441:
12436:
12431:
12426:
12421:
12415:
12413:
12407:
12406:
12404:
12403:
12398:
12393:
12388:
12383:
12378:
12373:
12368:
12363:
12358:
12353:
12348:
12343:
12338:
12332:
12330:
12326:
12325:
12323:
12322:
12317:
12312:
12307:
12302:
12297:
12296:
12295:
12285:
12280:
12275:
12270:
12265:
12260:
12255:
12250:
12244:
12242:
12235:
12229:
12228:
12226:
12225:
12220:
12215:
12210:
12205:
12200:
12198:Overton window
12195:
12190:
12185:
12180:
12171:
12166:
12161:
12156:
12151:
12146:
12141:
12136:
12131:
12126:
12121:
12116:
12107:
12101:
12099:
12095:
12094:
12092:
12091:
12086:
12081:
12076:
12071:
12066:
12061:
12056:
12051:
12046:
12041:
12036:
12031:
12029:Libertarianism
12026:
12021:
12016:
12011:
12006:
12001:
11996:
11991:
11986:
11981:
11976:
11971:
11966:
11961:
11956:
11951:
11946:
11941:
11935:
11933:
11929:
11928:
11926:
11925:
11920:
11915:
11910:
11905:
11900:
11895:
11890:
11885:
11880:
11875:
11870:
11864:
11862:
11858:
11857:
11855:
11854:
11849:
11844:
11839:
11834:
11829:
11824:
11819:
11814:
11809:
11804:
11799:
11794:
11789:
11784:
11779:
11774:
11769:
11764:
11759:
11754:
11749:
11744:
11739:
11734:
11729:
11724:
11719:
11714:
11709:
11704:
11699:
11693:
11691:
11687:
11686:
11679:
11678:
11671:
11664:
11656:
11647:
11646:
11634:
11631:
11630:
11628:
11627:
11622:
11617:
11612:
11607:
11602:
11597:
11592:
11587:
11581:
11579:
11578:Related topics
11575:
11574:
11572:
11571:
11558:
11551:
11549:Biblical canon
11546:
11541:
11539:Evening Prayer
11532:
11527:
11526:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11487:
11485:
11475:
11474:
11472:
11471:
11466:
11461:
11456:
11451:
11446:
11439:
11438:
11437:
11432:
11427:
11416:
11414:
11408:
11407:
11405:
11404:
11399:
11394:
11389:
11384:
11379:
11374:
11369:
11362:
11357:
11352:
11347:
11342:
11337:
11332:
11327:
11322:
11317:
11312:
11307:
11302:
11297:
11292:
11287:
11282:
11277:
11272:
11267:
11262:
11261:
11260:
11255:
11244:
11242:
11236:
11235:
11228:
11226:
11224:
11223:
11218:
11213:
11208:
11202:
11200:
11194:
11193:
11186:
11185:
11178:
11171:
11163:
11154:
11153:
11151:
11150:
11148:Kathleen Jamie
11145:
11140:
11135:
11129:
11127:
11119:
11118:
11116:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11083:Robert Garioch
11080:
11078:William Soutar
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11049:
11047:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11039:
11034:
11029:
11024:
11019:
11017:Robert Sempill
11014:
11012:Alexander Hume
11009:
11004:
10999:
10997:William Fowler
10994:
10992:Castalian Band
10989:
10984:
10979:
10973:
10971:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10963:
10958:
10953:
10948:
10943:
10938:
10936:William Dunbar
10933:
10931:Walter Kennedy
10928:
10923:
10917:
10915:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10876:
10874:
10870:
10869:
10862:
10861:
10854:
10847:
10839:
10830:
10829:
10822:
10819:
10818:
10815:
10814:
10812:
10811:
10806:
10800:
10798:
10794:
10793:
10791:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10770:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10749:
10747:
10743:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10726:
10721:
10716:
10711:
10706:
10701:
10697:
10695:
10691:
10690:
10688:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10651:
10649:
10648:9th generation
10645:
10644:
10642:
10641:
10635:
10633:
10632:8th generation
10629:
10628:
10626:
10625:
10620:
10617:
10611:
10609:
10608:7th generation
10605:
10604:
10602:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10580:
10578:
10577:6th generation
10574:
10573:
10571:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10554:
10552:
10551:5th generation
10548:
10547:
10545:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10513:
10511:
10510:4th generation
10507:
10506:
10504:
10503:
10498:
10493:
10488:
10483:
10478:
10473:
10468:
10462:
10460:
10459:3rd generation
10456:
10455:
10453:
10452:
10449:
10444:
10441:
10436:
10433:
10428:
10422:
10420:
10419:2nd generation
10416:
10415:
10413:
10412:
10407:
10402:
10397:
10392:
10387:
10382:
10379:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10345:
10343:
10342:1st generation
10339:
10338:
10325:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10315:
10310:
10305:
10300:
10297:
10291:
10289:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10255:Lord of Sticks
10253:
10248:
10243:
10241:Duke of Albany
10238:
10233:
10231:Duke of Lennox
10228:
10226:Earl of Lennox
10223:
10217:
10215:
10211:
10210:
10203:
10202:
10195:
10188:
10180:
10171:
10170:
10164:
10161:
10160:
10158:
10157:
10151:
10148:Prince Leopold
10145:
10137:
10129:
10121:
10115:
10112:Charles Stuart
10109:
10103:
10097:
10094:
10088:
10087:(c. 1458â1485)
10082:
10076:
10073:Robert Stewart
10069:
10066:
10065:
10058:
10057:
10050:
10043:
10035:
10026:
10025:
10016:
10014:
10012:
10011:
10009:(2022âpresent)
10003:
9995:
9987:
9979:
9971:
9963:
9955:
9947:
9939:
9931:
9927:Charles James
9925:
9917:
9909:
9901:
9893:
9885:
9879:
9873:
9865:
9857:
9849:
9841:
9833:
9824:
9821:
9820:
9813:
9812:
9805:
9798:
9790:
9781:
9780:
9778:
9777:
9771:
9768:
9767:
9764:
9763:
9761:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9694:
9691:
9690:
9688:
9687:
9671:
9670:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9663:
9658:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9638:
9637:
9632:
9622:
9617:
9611:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9604:
9587:
9586:
9583:
9582:
9578:
9577:
9575:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9544:
9539:
9534:
9529:
9526:Edward Balliol
9522:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9500:
9495:
9490:
9485:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9440:
9435:
9430:
9425:
9420:
9415:
9408:
9403:
9398:
9393:
9388:
9386:Constantine II
9383:
9378:
9371:
9364:
9357:
9350:
9343:
9335:
9333:
9331:
9330:
9325:
9314:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9230:
9225:
9220:
9213:
9208:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9178:Edgar Ătheling
9174:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9095:
9088:
9080:
9077:
9076:
9073:
9067:
9060:
9059:
9043:
9042:
9035:
9028:
9020:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9007:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8986:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8894:
8889:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8857:
8852:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8720:
8718:
8710:
8709:
8707:
8706:
8701:
8696:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8641:
8636:
8631:
8626:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8501:
8496:
8491:
8485:
8483:
8475:
8474:
8467:
8466:
8459:
8452:
8444:
8438:
8435:
8434:
8423:
8422:
8417:
8408:Duke of Albany
8404:
8399:
8395:
8394:
8386:
8381:
8372:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8337:
8332:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8319:
8310:
8305:
8301:
8300:
8299:Regnal titles
8296:
8295:
8275:
8272:
8267:
8266:
8257:
8242:
8233:
8224:
8210:
8209:at BBC History
8207:James I and VI
8204:
8195:
8189:James VI and I
8184:
8183:External links
8181:
8179:
8178:
8166:10.1086/664955
8160:(3): 540â567.
8149:
8140:
8120:Wormald, Jenny
8116:
8102:
8089:
8075:
8066:
8062:(2): 151â163.
8053:
8039:
8025:
8012:
8008:vol. 3 ch. 17
7999:
7989:
7975:
7958:
7952:
7936:
7930:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7883:Wormald, Jenny
7879:
7874:
7858:
7853:
7838:
7832:
7812:
7804:, ed. (1827),
7798:
7793:
7780:
7775:
7765:Stuart England
7758:
7753:
7740:
7735:
7719:
7714:
7698:
7693:
7680:
7675:
7662:
7657:
7644:
7639:
7626:
7621:
7608:
7603:
7590:
7585:
7577:James VI and I
7572:
7567:
7555:Lockyer, Roger
7551:
7546:
7533:
7520:
7515:
7502:
7497:
7482:
7470:
7465:
7449:
7444:
7428:
7423:
7410:
7405:
7387:
7382:
7364:
7358:
7344:Croft, Pauline
7340:
7335:
7322:
7317:
7304:
7299:
7286:
7281:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7257:
7245:
7243:, p. 456.
7235:, p. 55;
7225:
7223:, p. 452.
7219:, p. 27;
7209:
7189:
7177:
7150:
7136:
7134:, pp. 159â160.
7112:
7100:
7075:
7050:
7031:
7019:
7007:
6995:
6978:
6962:
6950:
6948:, p. 146.
6938:
6936:, p. 129.
6926:
6902:
6900:, p. 130.
6890:
6875:
6846:
6826:
6810:
6797:
6773:
6753:
6751:, p. 425.
6741:
6739:, p. 379.
6729:
6717:
6715:, p. 397.
6701:
6689:
6677:
6675:, p. 342.
6665:
6663:, p. 145.
6653:
6651:, p. 146.
6637:
6635:, p. 120.
6625:
6605:
6593:
6581:
6579:, p. 269.
6569:
6550:Dabiri, Emma.
6542:
6535:
6517:
6505:Ackroyd, Peter
6496:
6489:
6464:
6443:
6431:
6417:
6397:
6377:Norton, Rictor
6368:
6361:
6336:
6329:
6310:
6284:
6269:
6254:
6222:
6204:
6190:
6172:
6153:
6151:, p. 167.
6141:
6139:, p. 320.
6121:
6119:, p. 164.
6109:
6097:
6095:, p. 157.
6082:
6075:
6043:
6041:, p. 158.
6031:
6007:
6005:, p. 201.
5995:
5979:
5977:, p. 162.
5967:
5965:, p. 228.
5955:
5953:, p. 225.
5943:
5931:
5929:, p. 195.
5915:
5903:
5891:
5871:
5855:
5853:, p. 243.
5843:
5830:
5828:, p. 422.
5818:
5816:, p. 421.
5806:
5804:, p. 417.
5790:
5778:
5766:
5750:
5738:
5734:Stuart England
5722:
5710:
5698:
5696:, p. 409.
5686:
5684:, p. 348.
5680:, p. 93;
5670:
5668:, p. 267.
5660:, p. 80;
5650:
5638:
5625:
5613:
5565:
5553:
5551:, p. 219.
5541:
5539:, p. 118.
5529:
5517:
5511:, p. 67;
5501:
5489:
5487:, p. 250.
5477:
5465:
5450:
5448:, p. 156.
5438:
5436:, p. 156.
5422:
5401:
5389:
5387:, p. 173.
5377:
5375:, p. 165.
5361:
5359:, p. 169.
5349:
5337:
5321:
5319:, p. 158.
5309:
5294:
5278:
5266:
5254:
5241:
5228:
5226:, p. 137.
5216:
5214:, p. 125.
5204:
5196:Jack, R. D. S.
5188:
5169:Jack, R. D. S.
5160:
5148:
5146:, p. 132.
5135:
5133:, p. 133.
5123:
5103:
5101:, p. 133.
5091:
5079:
5062:
5060:, p. 321.
5047:
5031:
5027:MacKinnon 1991
5019:
5017:, p. 176.
5007:
4991:
4975:
4973:, p. 175.
4963:
4951:
4949:, p. 174.
4939:
4927:
4925:, p. 309.
4911:
4905:, p. 21;
4901:, p. 27;
4891:
4879:
4877:, p. 556.
4864:
4805:
4803:, p. 103.
4793:
4781:
4779:, p. 101.
4764:
4752:
4737:
4722:
4710:
4698:
4686:
4671:
4659:
4643:
4631:
4613:, p. 45;
4603:
4587:
4571:
4559:
4543:
4530:
4514:
4502:
4486:
4474:
4458:
4443:
4425:
4409:
4394:
4388:, p. 45;
4378:
4366:
4354:
4350:vol. 2, p. 120
4334:
4322:
4310:
4298:
4286:
4280:, p. 33;
4270:
4257:
4241:
4229:
4217:
4205:
4201:Donaldson 1974
4193:
4181:
4168:
4152:
4136:
4124:
4104:
4080:
4077:. p. 737.
4061:, ed. (2011).
4047:
4027:
4015:
4013:, p. 155.
4002:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3993:
3980:
3971:
3961:
3946:
3929:
3920:
3905:
3896:
3883:
3874:
3865:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3801:
3786:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3758:
3752:
3744:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3673:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3488:Margaret Tudor
3484:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3432:
3426:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3392:James VI and I
3388:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:Margaret Tudor
3362:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3080:Queen of Scots
3073:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
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3029:
3027:
3018:
3016:
3007:
3005:
3000:
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2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2842:Margaret Tudor
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
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2780:
2778:
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2768:
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2762:
2760:
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2754:
2752:
2749:
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2746:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:
2707:House of Tudor
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
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2660:
2657:
2655:
2654:
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2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2513:
2507:
2501:
2491:
2485:
2475:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2350:Beati pacifici
2256:
2253:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2180:Anthony Weldon
2149:personal union
2139:, in 1607 and
2122:Earl of Kellie
2098:
2095:
2019:Daniël Mijtens
2010:
2007:
1912:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1884:Main article:
1881:
1878:
1803:Main article:
1800:
1797:
1722:Paul van Somer
1699:Main article:
1696:
1693:
1681:Great Contract
1663:Main article:
1660:
1657:
1642:Gunpowder Plot
1640:Main article:
1637:
1636:Gunpowder Plot
1634:
1626:a peace treaty
1606:personal union
1599:Lord Treasurer
1595:Earl of Dorset
1583:Thomas Egerton
1560:Walter Raleigh
1516:Main article:
1513:
1510:
1506:war in Ireland
1470:âmaintained a
1434:Main article:
1431:
1428:
1400:William Fowler
1396:Castalian Band
1366:
1363:
1301:
1298:
1282:Northern Isles
1191:
1188:
1126:
1123:
1098:, who died of
1060:proxy marriage
1023:
1020:
1012:Spanish Armada
956:Ruthven Castle
915:
912:
903:Earl of Lennox
884:James Melville
780:
777:
749:Duke of Albany
652:Margaret Tudor
623:
620:
618:
615:
607:religious wars
599:Anthony Weldon
535:Gunpowder Plot
457:personal union
413:James VI and I
408:
407:
400:
396:
395:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
375:
370:
364:
363:
360:
359:
355:
354:
346:
345:
343:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
304:
290:
289:
270:
266:
261:
260:
258:
254:
253:
248:
244:
240:
239:
228:
224:
223:
212:
208:
207:
204:
203:
201:
200:
194:
188:
182:
168:
167:
166:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
136:
130:
129:
124:
120:
119:
112:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
82:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
58:
48:
47:
34:
26:
25:
24:James VI and I
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
13912:
13901:
13898:
13896:
13893:
13891:
13888:
13886:
13883:
13881:
13878:
13876:
13873:
13871:
13868:
13866:
13863:
13861:
13858:
13856:
13853:
13851:
13848:
13846:
13843:
13841:
13838:
13836:
13833:
13831:
13828:
13826:
13823:
13821:
13818:
13816:
13813:
13811:
13808:
13806:
13805:Demonologists
13803:
13801:
13798:
13796:
13793:
13791:
13788:
13786:
13783:
13781:
13778:
13776:
13773:
13771:
13768:
13766:
13763:
13761:
13758:
13756:
13753:
13751:
13748:
13746:
13743:
13741:
13738:
13736:
13733:
13732:
13730:
13709:
13706:
13703:
13700:
13698:
13695:
13693:
13692:Bonfire Night
13690:
13688:
13685:
13683:
13680:
13678:
13675:
13674:
13672:
13668:
13662:
13659:
13657:
13656:Everard Digby
13654:
13652:
13649:
13647:
13644:
13642:
13639:
13637:
13634:
13632:
13629:
13627:
13624:
13623:
13621:
13617:
13611:
13608:
13606:
13603:
13601:
13598:
13596:
13593:
13591:
13588:
13587:
13585:
13581:
13577:
13570:
13565:
13563:
13558:
13556:
13551:
13550:
13547:
13535:
13532:
13531:
13528:
13522:
13521:
13517:
13515:
13512:
13510:
13507:
13505:
13502:
13500:
13497:
13495:
13492:
13490:
13487:
13485:
13482:
13478:
13475:
13473:
13470:
13468:
13465:
13464:
13463:
13460:
13458:
13455:
13453:
13450:
13448:
13445:
13443:
13440:
13438:
13437:Jurisprudence
13435:
13433:
13430:
13428:
13425:
13423:
13420:
13418:
13415:
13413:
13410:
13408:
13405:
13403:
13400:
13398:
13395:
13393:
13390:
13388:
13385:
13384:
13382:
13378:
13369:
13368:
13364:
13359:
13358:
13354:
13349:
13348:
13344:
13339:
13338:
13334:
13329:
13328:
13324:
13319:
13318:
13314:
13309:
13308:
13304:
13299:
13298:
13294:
13289:
13288:
13284:
13279:
13278:
13274:
13269:
13268:
13267:Rights of Man
13264:
13259:
13258:
13254:
13249:
13248:
13244:
13239:
13238:
13234:
13229:
13228:
13224:
13219:
13218:
13214:
13209:
13208:
13204:
13199:
13198:
13194:
13189:
13188:
13184:
13179:
13178:
13177:De re publica
13174:
13169:
13168:
13164:
13159:
13158:
13154:
13153:
13151:
13147:
13137:
13134:
13132:
13129:
13127:
13124:
13122:
13119:
13117:
13114:
13112:
13109:
13107:
13104:
13102:
13099:
13097:
13094:
13092:
13089:
13087:
13084:
13082:
13079:
13077:
13074:
13072:
13069:
13067:
13064:
13062:
13059:
13057:
13054:
13052:
13049:
13047:
13044:
13042:
13039:
13037:
13034:
13032:
13029:
13027:
13024:
13022:
13019:
13017:
13014:
13012:
13009:
13007:
13004:
13002:
12999:
12997:
12994:
12992:
12989:
12987:
12984:
12982:
12979:
12977:
12974:
12972:
12969:
12967:
12964:
12962:
12959:
12957:
12954:
12952:
12949:
12947:
12944:
12942:
12939:
12937:
12934:
12932:
12929:
12927:
12924:
12922:
12919:
12917:
12914:
12912:
12909:
12907:
12904:
12902:
12899:
12897:
12894:
12892:
12889:
12887:
12884:
12882:
12879:
12877:
12874:
12872:
12869:
12867:
12864:
12862:
12859:
12857:
12854:
12852:
12849:
12847:
12844:
12842:
12839:
12837:
12834:
12832:
12829:
12827:
12824:
12822:
12819:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12797:20th and 21st
12795:
12789:
12786:
12784:
12781:
12779:
12776:
12774:
12771:
12769:
12766:
12764:
12761:
12759:
12756:
12754:
12751:
12749:
12746:
12744:
12741:
12739:
12736:
12734:
12731:
12729:
12726:
12724:
12721:
12719:
12716:
12714:
12711:
12709:
12706:
12704:
12701:
12699:
12696:
12694:
12691:
12689:
12686:
12684:
12681:
12679:
12676:
12674:
12671:
12667:
12664:
12663:
12662:
12659:
12657:
12654:
12650:
12647:
12646:
12645:
12642:
12640:
12637:
12635:
12632:
12630:
12627:
12625:
12622:
12620:
12617:
12615:
12612:
12610:
12607:
12605:
12602:
12600:
12597:
12595:
12592:
12590:
12587:
12585:
12582:
12580:
12577:
12575:
12572:
12570:
12567:
12565:
12562:
12560:
12557:
12555:
12552:
12550:
12547:
12545:
12542:
12540:
12537:
12536:
12534:
12530:18th and 19th
12528:
12522:
12519:
12517:
12514:
12512:
12509:
12507:
12504:
12502:
12499:
12497:
12494:
12492:
12489:
12487:
12484:
12482:
12479:
12477:
12474:
12472:
12469:
12465:
12462:
12461:
12460:
12457:
12455:
12452:
12450:
12447:
12445:
12442:
12440:
12437:
12435:
12432:
12430:
12427:
12425:
12422:
12420:
12417:
12416:
12414:
12408:
12402:
12399:
12397:
12394:
12392:
12389:
12387:
12386:Nizam al-Mulk
12384:
12382:
12379:
12377:
12374:
12372:
12369:
12367:
12364:
12362:
12359:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12347:
12344:
12342:
12339:
12337:
12334:
12333:
12331:
12327:
12321:
12318:
12316:
12313:
12311:
12308:
12306:
12303:
12301:
12298:
12294:
12291:
12290:
12289:
12286:
12284:
12281:
12279:
12276:
12274:
12271:
12269:
12266:
12264:
12261:
12259:
12256:
12254:
12251:
12249:
12246:
12245:
12243:
12239:
12236:
12234:
12230:
12224:
12221:
12219:
12216:
12214:
12211:
12209:
12206:
12204:
12201:
12199:
12196:
12194:
12191:
12189:
12186:
12184:
12181:
12178:
12177:
12172:
12170:
12167:
12165:
12162:
12160:
12157:
12155:
12152:
12150:
12147:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12120:
12117:
12114:
12113:
12108:
12106:
12103:
12102:
12100:
12096:
12090:
12087:
12085:
12082:
12080:
12077:
12075:
12072:
12070:
12069:Republicanism
12067:
12065:
12062:
12060:
12057:
12055:
12052:
12050:
12047:
12045:
12042:
12040:
12037:
12035:
12032:
12030:
12027:
12025:
12022:
12020:
12017:
12015:
12012:
12010:
12007:
12005:
12002:
12000:
11997:
11995:
11992:
11990:
11987:
11985:
11982:
11980:
11977:
11975:
11972:
11970:
11967:
11965:
11962:
11960:
11957:
11955:
11952:
11950:
11947:
11945:
11942:
11940:
11937:
11936:
11934:
11930:
11924:
11921:
11919:
11916:
11914:
11911:
11909:
11906:
11904:
11901:
11899:
11896:
11894:
11891:
11889:
11886:
11884:
11881:
11879:
11876:
11874:
11871:
11869:
11866:
11865:
11863:
11859:
11853:
11850:
11848:
11845:
11843:
11840:
11838:
11835:
11833:
11830:
11828:
11825:
11823:
11820:
11818:
11815:
11813:
11810:
11808:
11805:
11803:
11800:
11798:
11795:
11793:
11790:
11788:
11785:
11783:
11780:
11778:
11775:
11773:
11770:
11768:
11765:
11763:
11760:
11758:
11755:
11753:
11750:
11748:
11745:
11743:
11740:
11738:
11735:
11733:
11730:
11728:
11725:
11723:
11720:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11708:
11705:
11703:
11700:
11698:
11695:
11694:
11692:
11688:
11684:
11677:
11672:
11670:
11665:
11663:
11658:
11657:
11654:
11644:
11639:
11632:
11626:
11623:
11621:
11618:
11616:
11613:
11611:
11608:
11606:
11603:
11601:
11598:
11596:
11593:
11591:
11588:
11586:
11583:
11582:
11580:
11576:
11570:
11566:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11556:
11552:
11550:
11547:
11545:
11542:
11540:
11536:
11533:
11531:
11528:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
11501:
11499:
11496:
11495:
11494:
11493:
11489:
11488:
11486:
11484:
11480:
11476:
11470:
11467:
11465:
11462:
11460:
11457:
11455:
11452:
11450:
11447:
11445:
11444:
11440:
11436:
11433:
11431:
11428:
11426:
11423:
11422:
11421:
11418:
11417:
11415:
11413:
11409:
11403:
11402:Modern Church
11400:
11398:
11395:
11393:
11390:
11388:
11385:
11383:
11380:
11378:
11375:
11373:
11370:
11368:
11367:
11363:
11361:
11358:
11356:
11353:
11351:
11348:
11346:
11343:
11341:
11338:
11336:
11333:
11331:
11328:
11326:
11323:
11321:
11318:
11316:
11313:
11311:
11308:
11306:
11303:
11301:
11298:
11296:
11293:
11291:
11288:
11286:
11283:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11271:
11268:
11266:
11263:
11259:
11256:
11254:
11251:
11250:
11249:
11246:
11245:
11243:
11241:
11237:
11232:
11222:
11219:
11217:
11214:
11212:
11209:
11207:
11204:
11203:
11201:
11199:
11195:
11191:
11184:
11179:
11177:
11172:
11170:
11165:
11164:
11161:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11130:
11128:
11124:
11120:
11114:
11113:William Neill
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11050:
11048:
11044:
11038:
11035:
11033:
11030:
11028:
11025:
11023:
11020:
11018:
11015:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10968:
10962:
10959:
10957:
10954:
10952:
10949:
10947:
10946:David Lyndsay
10944:
10942:
10941:Gavin Douglas
10939:
10937:
10934:
10932:
10929:
10927:
10924:
10922:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10912:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10877:
10875:
10871:
10867:
10860:
10855:
10853:
10848:
10846:
10841:
10840:
10837:
10827:
10826:
10820:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10801:
10799:
10795:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10771:
10769:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10750:
10748:
10744:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10722:
10720:
10717:
10715:
10712:
10710:
10707:
10705:
10702:
10699:
10698:
10696:
10692:
10686:
10683:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10652:
10650:
10646:
10640:
10637:
10636:
10634:
10630:
10624:
10621:
10618:
10616:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10606:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10581:
10579:
10575:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10555:
10553:
10549:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10514:
10512:
10508:
10502:
10499:
10497:
10494:
10492:
10489:
10487:
10484:
10482:
10479:
10477:
10474:
10472:
10469:
10467:
10464:
10463:
10461:
10457:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10427:
10424:
10423:
10421:
10417:
10411:
10408:
10406:
10403:
10401:
10398:
10396:
10393:
10391:
10388:
10386:
10383:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10346:
10344:
10340:
10335:
10329:
10326:
10320:
10314:
10311:
10309:
10306:
10304:
10301:
10298:
10296:
10293:
10292:
10290:
10286:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10274:Earl of March
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10264:Earl of Moray
10262:
10260:
10257:
10254:
10252:
10249:
10247:
10244:
10242:
10239:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10219:
10218:
10216:
10212:
10208:
10201:
10196:
10194:
10189:
10187:
10182:
10181:
10178:
10168:
10162:
10155:
10152:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10142:
10138:
10136:
10134:
10130:
10128:
10126:
10122:
10119:
10116:
10113:
10110:
10107:
10104:
10101:
10098:
10095:
10092:
10089:
10086:
10083:
10080:
10077:
10074:
10071:
10070:
10067:
10063:
10056:
10051:
10049:
10044:
10042:
10037:
10036:
10033:
10010:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9974:Albert Edward
9972:
9970:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9948:
9946:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9918:
9916:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9902:
9900:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9880:
9878:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9850:
9848:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9829:
9826:
9825:
9822:
9818:
9811:
9806:
9804:
9799:
9797:
9792:
9791:
9788:
9776:
9773:
9772:
9769:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9726:
9724:
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9711:
9709:
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9695:
9692:
9686:
9685:
9680:
9679:
9676:
9672:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9636:
9633:
9631:
9628:
9627:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9612:
9609:
9603:
9601:
9596:
9595:
9592:
9588:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9528:
9527:
9523:
9521:
9518:
9516:
9513:
9511:
9508:
9506:
9505:
9501:
9499:
9498:Alexander III
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9434:
9431:
9429:
9426:
9424:
9421:
9419:
9416:
9414:
9413:
9409:
9407:
9404:
9402:
9399:
9397:
9394:
9392:
9389:
9387:
9384:
9382:
9379:
9377:
9376:
9372:
9370:
9369:
9365:
9363:
9362:
9358:
9356:
9355:
9354:Constantine I
9351:
9349:
9348:
9344:
9342:
9341:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9329:
9326:
9324:
9323:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9312:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9235:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9224:
9221:
9219:
9218:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9206:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9179:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9142:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9100:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9089:
9087:
9086:
9082:
9081:
9079:
9078:
9074:
9071:
9070:
9065:
9061:
9056:
9052:
9048:
9041:
9036:
9034:
9029:
9027:
9022:
9021:
9018:
9004:
9000:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8985:
8982:
8980:
8977:
8975:
8972:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8899:
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8887:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8875:Alexander III
8873:
8871:
8868:
8866:
8863:
8861:
8858:
8856:
8853:
8851:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8721:
8719:
8717:
8716:(traditional)
8711:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8509:Galan Erilich
8507:
8505:
8502:
8500:
8497:
8495:
8492:
8490:
8487:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8481:(traditional)
8476:
8472:
8465:
8460:
8458:
8453:
8451:
8446:
8445:
8442:
8436:
8429:
8421:
8418:
8414:
8410:
8409:
8402:
8396:
8393:
8392:
8385:
8378:
8377:
8371:
8370:
8363:
8359:
8356:
8352:
8347:
8346:
8342:
8335:
8329:
8325:
8316:
8315:
8308:
8302:
8297:
8293:27 March 1625
8292:
8285:
8280:
8279:
8270:
8265:
8261:
8258:
8250:
8246:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8228:
8225:
8222:
8218:
8214:
8211:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8190:
8187:
8186:
8175:
8171:
8167:
8163:
8159:
8155:
8150:
8146:
8141:
8137:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8117:
8115:
8111:
8107:
8103:
8101:
8098:(2): 114â134
8097:
8094:
8090:
8088:
8087:0-0494-2177-8
8084:
8080:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8067:
8065:
8061:
8058:
8054:
8052:
8051:0-5823-5208-8
8048:
8044:
8040:
8038:
8037:0-6740-5290-0
8034:
8030:
8026:
8023:
8020:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8003:
8000:
7997:
7994:
7990:
7988:
7987:0-4150-7779-6
7984:
7981:. Routledge.
7980:
7976:
7974:
7970:
7966:
7962:
7959:
7955:
7953:0-2977-6775-5
7949:
7945:
7941:
7937:
7933:
7931:0-6897-0003-2
7927:
7923:
7918:
7917:
7905:
7898:
7894:
7890:
7889:
7884:
7880:
7877:
7871:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7856:
7850:
7846:
7845:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7817:
7813:
7809:
7808:
7803:
7799:
7796:
7790:
7786:
7781:
7778:
7772:
7769:, Routledge,
7767:
7766:
7759:
7756:
7750:
7746:
7741:
7738:
7732:
7728:
7724:
7720:
7717:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7702:Schama, Simon
7699:
7696:
7690:
7686:
7681:
7678:
7672:
7668:
7663:
7660:
7654:
7650:
7645:
7642:
7636:
7632:
7627:
7624:
7618:
7614:
7609:
7606:
7600:
7596:
7591:
7588:
7582:
7578:
7573:
7570:
7564:
7560:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7543:
7540:, Routledge,
7539:
7534:
7530:
7526:
7521:
7518:
7512:
7508:
7503:
7500:
7494:
7490:
7489:
7483:
7479:
7475:
7471:
7468:
7462:
7458:
7454:
7453:Hunter, James
7450:
7447:
7441:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7426:
7420:
7416:
7411:
7408:
7402:
7398:
7397:
7392:
7388:
7385:
7379:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7365:
7361:
7355:
7351:
7350:
7345:
7341:
7338:
7332:
7328:
7323:
7320:
7314:
7310:
7305:
7302:
7296:
7292:
7287:
7284:
7278:
7274:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7254:
7253:Warnicke 2006
7249:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7229:
7222:
7218:
7213:
7206:
7202:
7198:
7193:
7186:
7181:
7174:
7173:0-7232-2096-4
7170:
7166:
7162:
7157:
7155:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7133:
7132:0-9004-5525-X
7129:
7125:
7121:
7116:
7109:
7104:
7088:
7087:
7079:
7063:
7062:
7054:
7046:
7042:
7035:
7028:
7023:
7016:
7011:
7004:
6999:
6993:, p. 44.
6992:
6988:
6982:
6975:
6971:
6966:
6960:, p. 67.
6959:
6954:
6947:
6942:
6935:
6930:
6923:
6919:
6915:
6911:
6906:
6899:
6894:
6886:
6879:
6864:
6860:
6855:
6850:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6830:
6823:
6819:
6814:
6807:
6801:
6794:
6793:0-5930-4148-8
6790:
6786:
6782:
6777:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6757:
6750:
6745:
6738:
6733:
6726:
6721:
6714:
6710:
6705:
6698:
6693:
6687:, p. 91.
6686:
6681:
6674:
6669:
6662:
6657:
6650:
6646:
6641:
6634:
6629:
6622:
6618:
6617:Francis Bacon
6614:
6609:
6602:
6597:
6590:
6585:
6578:
6573:
6557:
6553:
6546:
6538:
6536:1-8528-5432-4
6532:
6528:
6520:
6514:
6510:
6506:
6500:
6492:
6490:0-8223-1385-5
6486:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6467:
6465:0-2260-7180-4
6461:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6441:, p. 22.
6440:
6435:
6420:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6401:
6386:
6382:
6378:
6372:
6364:
6362:0-7126-7448-9
6358:
6354:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6314:
6299:
6295:
6288:
6280:
6273:
6265:
6258:
6250:
6244:
6240:
6236:
6232:
6226:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6201:
6197:
6193:
6187:
6183:
6176:
6169:
6165:
6160:
6158:
6150:
6145:
6138:
6134:
6130:
6125:
6118:
6113:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6089:
6087:
6078:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6047:
6040:
6035:
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6011:
6004:
5999:
5992:
5988:
5983:
5976:
5971:
5964:
5959:
5952:
5947:
5940:
5935:
5928:
5924:
5919:
5912:
5907:
5900:
5895:
5889:, p. 64.
5888:
5884:
5880:
5879:Cogswell 2005
5875:
5868:
5864:
5859:
5852:
5847:
5840:
5834:
5827:
5822:
5815:
5810:
5803:
5799:
5794:
5787:
5782:
5775:
5770:
5763:
5759:
5754:
5747:
5742:
5735:
5731:
5730:Kenyon, J. P.
5726:
5720:, p. 59.
5719:
5714:
5707:
5702:
5695:
5690:
5683:
5679:
5674:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5647:
5642:
5636:, p. 62.
5635:
5629:
5623:, p. 63.
5622:
5617:
5609:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5569:
5563:, p. 64.
5562:
5557:
5550:
5545:
5538:
5533:
5526:
5521:
5514:
5510:
5505:
5498:
5493:
5486:
5481:
5474:
5469:
5462:
5457:
5455:
5447:
5442:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5420:, p. 51.
5419:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5406:
5398:
5393:
5386:
5381:
5374:
5370:
5365:
5358:
5353:
5347:, p. 50.
5346:
5341:
5334:
5330:
5325:
5318:
5313:
5307:, p. 49.
5306:
5301:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5276:, p. 48.
5275:
5270:
5263:
5258:
5251:
5245:
5238:
5232:
5225:
5220:
5213:
5208:
5201:
5197:
5192:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5174:
5170:
5164:
5157:
5152:
5145:
5139:
5132:
5127:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5107:
5100:
5095:
5088:
5083:
5076:
5072:
5066:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5045:, p. 179
5044:
5040:
5035:
5029:, p. 46.
5028:
5023:
5016:
5011:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4989:, p. 175
4988:
4984:
4983:Thompson 1968
4979:
4972:
4967:
4960:
4959:Thompson 1968
4955:
4948:
4943:
4936:
4931:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4876:
4871:
4869:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4797:
4791:, p. 26.
4790:
4785:
4778:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4761:
4756:
4748:
4741:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4714:
4708:, p. 85.
4707:
4702:
4695:
4690:
4682:
4675:
4669:, p. 23.
4668:
4663:
4657:, p. 52.
4656:
4652:
4647:
4641:, p. 22.
4640:
4635:
4628:
4624:
4623:Williams 1970
4620:
4616:
4612:
4607:
4600:
4596:
4591:
4584:
4580:
4575:
4569:, p. 20.
4568:
4563:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4540:
4534:
4527:
4523:
4518:
4512:, p. 66.
4511:
4506:
4500:, p. 35.
4499:
4495:
4490:
4484:, p. 63.
4483:
4478:
4471:
4467:
4462:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4422:
4418:
4413:
4407:, p. 15.
4406:
4401:
4399:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4375:
4370:
4364:, p. 13.
4363:
4358:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4338:
4331:
4326:
4319:
4314:
4308:, p. 19.
4307:
4302:
4296:, p. 11.
4295:
4290:
4284:, p. 18.
4283:
4279:
4274:
4267:
4261:
4255:, p. 19.
4254:
4250:
4245:
4239:, p. 18.
4238:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4214:
4209:
4203:, p. 99.
4202:
4197:
4191:, p. 17.
4190:
4185:
4178:
4175:Joseph Bain,
4172:
4166:, p. 16.
4165:
4161:
4156:
4150:, p. 13.
4149:
4145:
4140:
4133:
4128:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4108:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4084:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4044:
4040:
4036:
4031:
4024:
4019:
4012:
4007:
4003:
3990:
3989:Michael Lynch
3984:
3975:
3965:
3957:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3938:Thomas Bilson
3933:
3924:
3916:
3909:
3900:
3893:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3833:
3824:
3815:
3805:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3762:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3668:(also called
3667:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3599:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3577:Mary of Guise
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3489:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3434:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3403:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3161:
3145:
3142:
3128:
3126:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3072:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3026:
3025:
3015:
3014:
3004:
2997:
2988:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2969:
2967:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2919:
2893:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2817:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2781:
2773:
2771:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2730:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2677:
2675:
2658:
2656:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2620:
2619:
2618:King of Scots
2612:
2609:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2554:King of Scots
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2528:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2472:typhoid fever
2469:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2292:fleurs de lys
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2222:Pauline Croft
2218:
2216:
2215:Jenny Wormald
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2195:Arthur Wilson
2192:
2188:
2187:Edward Peyton
2183:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2125:
2123:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2092:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:John Williams
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:kidney stones
2035:
2031:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1946:John Oglander
1943:
1938:
1935:
1929:
1919:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:presbyterians
1867:
1862:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:of 1603, the
1832:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1711:Spanish match
1708:
1702:
1701:Spanish match
1695:Spanish match
1692:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1666:
1656:
1653:
1652:state opening
1649:
1643:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1615:
1614:Francis Bacon
1611:
1607:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1572:Thomas Howard
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1528:John de Critz
1524:
1519:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1495:Thomas Dekker
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1278:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1261:Isle of Lewis
1258:
1249:
1245:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1216:GĂ idhealtachd
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1172:
1170:
1169:Agnes Sampson
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1100:typhoid fever
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Danish dalers
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1044:John de Critz
1036:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
989:
985:
980:
977:
973:
968:
963:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
934:Lennox was a
929:
925:
924:Adrian Vanson
920:
911:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
863:
858:
855:) as James's
854:
850:
849:David Erskine
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:Privy Council
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:Adam Bothwell
806:
802:
798:
794:
785:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
740:
739:Bastian Pagez
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
679:heir apparent
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
633:
628:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
595:
590:
589:1604 revision
586:
582:
578:
577:
572:
571:
566:
565:
560:
559:Francis Bacon
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
460:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
405:
401:
397:
394:
391:
387:
384:
381:
377:
374:
371:
369:
365:
356:
351:
347:
341:
338:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
307:
305:
302:
301:
295:
291:
264:
259:
255:
251:
245:
241:
238:
234:
229:
225:
222:
219:, Edinburgh,
218:
213:
209:
205:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
172:
165:
161:
158:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
137:
135:
131:
125:
121:
116:
111:
107:
104:
101:
97:
94:
91:
87:
83:
81:
77:
71:
67:
62:
57:
53:
49:
38:
37:John de Critz
32:
27:
22:
19:
13696:
13631:Thomas Bates
13626:Robert Keyes
13610:Thomas Percy
13518:
13417:Elite theory
13365:
13355:
13345:
13335:
13325:
13315:
13305:
13295:
13285:
13275:
13265:
13255:
13245:
13235:
13225:
13215:
13205:
13195:
13185:
13175:
13165:
13155:
12470:
12454:Guicciardini
12410:Early modern
12233:Philosophers
12183:Open society
12119:Body politic
11989:Distributism
11979:Conservatism
11974:Confucianism
11893:Gerontocracy
11883:Dictatorship
11837:Sovereigntyâ
11827:Ruling class
11717:Emancipation
11702:Citizenshipâ
11569:Broad church
11567: /
11563: /
11553:
11537: /
11530:Anglican Use
11490:
11441:
11364:
11359:
11138:Liz Lochhead
11133:Edwin Morgan
11063:Robert Burns
11053:Allan Ramsay
10986:
10880:John Barbour
10866:Scots makars
10823:
10638:
10139:
10131:
10123:
10118:James Stuart
10106:James Stuart
10105:
10091:John Stewart
10008:
10000:
9992:
9984:
9976:
9968:
9960:
9952:
9944:
9936:
9928:
9922:
9914:
9906:
9903:
9898:
9890:
9882:
9876:
9870:
9862:
9854:
9846:
9838:
9830:
9774:
9753:Elizabeth II
9681:
9614:
9597:
9571:
9524:
9502:
9493:Alexander II
9410:
9373:
9366:
9359:
9352:
9345:
9338:
9320:
9309:
9232:
9215:
9203:
9176:
9139:
9097:
9090:
9083:
8953:
8896:
8884:
8870:Alexander II
8569:Gartnait III
8419:
8413:4th creation
8412:
8406:
8401:Henry Stuart
8389:
8383:
8374:
8367:
8361:
8339:
8312:
8290:
8286:19 June 1566
8283:
8276:
8157:
8153:
8144:
8127:
8123:
8105:
8095:
8092:
8078:
8069:
8059:
8056:
8042:
8028:
8024:(4): 926â952
8021:
8018:
8005:
7998:(2): 169â207
7995:
7992:
7978:
7964:
7943:
7921:
7886:
7865:
7843:
7822:. New York:
7819:
7806:
7784:
7764:
7744:
7726:
7705:
7684:
7666:
7648:
7630:
7612:
7594:
7576:
7558:
7537:
7528:
7525:"John Craig"
7506:
7487:
7477:
7456:
7435:
7414:
7395:
7372:
7348:
7326:
7308:
7290:
7271:
7248:
7241:Willson 1963
7237:Stewart 2003
7228:
7221:Willson 1963
7217:Barroll 2001
7212:
7197:Stewart 2003
7192:
7185:Stewart 2003
7180:
7164:
7123:
7115:
7108:Willson 1963
7103:
7091:, retrieved
7085:
7078:
7066:, retrieved
7060:
7053:
7044:
7034:
7022:
7015:Wormald 2011
7010:
7005:, p. 4.
7003:Lockyer 1998
6998:
6991:Lindley 1993
6987:Commonwealth
6981:
6974:Lockyer 1998
6965:
6953:
6941:
6929:
6910:Stewart 2003
6905:
6893:
6884:
6878:
6866:. Retrieved
6862:
6849:
6842:Willson 1963
6829:
6822:Willson 1963
6813:
6805:
6800:
6784:
6776:
6769:Lockyer 1998
6756:
6749:Willson 1963
6744:
6737:Willson 1963
6732:
6725:Willson 1963
6720:
6713:Willson 1963
6704:
6692:
6680:
6673:Willson 1963
6668:
6661:Lindley 1993
6656:
6649:Lindley 1993
6645:Barroll 2001
6640:
6633:Lindley 1993
6628:
6613:Willson 1963
6608:
6601:Willson 1963
6596:
6589:Willson 1963
6584:
6577:Willson 1963
6572:
6560:. Retrieved
6556:BBC Scotland
6555:
6545:
6526:
6508:
6499:
6480:
6455:
6446:
6439:Lockyer 1981
6434:
6422:, retrieved
6407:
6400:
6388:, retrieved
6384:
6371:
6352:
6349:Weir, Alison
6344:Lockyer 1981
6339:
6320:
6313:
6301:. Retrieved
6297:
6287:
6278:
6272:
6263:
6257:
6248:
6242:
6230:
6225:
6216:
6207:
6181:
6175:
6144:
6137:Willson 1963
6133:Lockyer 1998
6124:
6112:
6105:Willson 1963
6100:
6056:
6046:
6034:
6027:Willson 1963
6022:
6019:Stewart 2003
6010:
6003:Willson 1963
5998:
5991:Willson 1963
5982:
5970:
5963:Willson 1963
5958:
5951:Stewart 2003
5946:
5934:
5927:Lockyer 1998
5918:
5911:Krugler 2004
5906:
5894:
5874:
5867:Willson 1963
5858:
5851:Willson 1963
5846:
5839:Willson 1963
5833:
5826:Willson 1963
5821:
5814:Willson 1963
5809:
5802:Willson 1963
5798:Lockyer 1998
5793:
5786:Willson 1963
5781:
5774:Willson 1963
5769:
5762:Willson 1963
5753:
5746:Willson 1963
5741:
5733:
5725:
5713:
5706:Willson 1963
5701:
5694:Willson 1963
5689:
5682:Willson 1963
5673:
5666:Willson 1963
5662:Lockyer 1998
5653:
5641:
5628:
5616:
5596:. Retrieved
5582:
5576:
5568:
5556:
5549:Stewart 2003
5544:
5532:
5520:
5513:Willson 1963
5504:
5497:Willson 1963
5492:
5485:Willson 1963
5480:
5468:
5463:, p. 6.
5446:Willson 1963
5441:
5434:Willson 1963
5425:
5392:
5385:Stewart 2003
5380:
5373:Willson 1963
5369:Stewart 2003
5364:
5357:Stewart 2003
5352:
5340:
5333:Willson 1963
5324:
5317:Willson 1963
5312:
5290:Willson 1963
5286:Lockyer 1998
5281:
5269:
5257:
5249:
5244:
5236:
5231:
5219:
5207:
5199:
5191:
5163:
5151:
5144:Willson 1963
5138:
5126:
5118:
5115:Willson 1963
5106:
5099:Willson 1963
5094:
5082:
5071:Willson 1963
5065:
5058:Willson 1963
5043:Lockyer 1998
5034:
5022:
5010:
4994:
4978:
4966:
4954:
4942:
4930:
4923:Willson 1963
4914:
4907:Willson 1963
4903:Lockyer 1998
4894:
4887:Willson 1963
4882:
4822:
4818:
4808:
4801:Willson 1963
4796:
4784:
4760:Willson 1963
4755:
4746:
4740:
4731:
4725:
4718:Stewart 2003
4713:
4706:Willson 1963
4701:
4689:
4680:
4674:
4662:
4655:Willson 1963
4651:Lockyer 1998
4646:
4634:
4627:Willson 1963
4619:Stewart 2003
4606:
4599:Stewart 2003
4595:Lockyer 1998
4590:
4583:Willson 1963
4574:
4562:
4555:Willson 1963
4546:
4538:
4533:
4517:
4510:Stewart 2003
4505:
4498:Willson 1963
4494:Lockyer 1998
4489:
4482:Stewart 2003
4477:
4470:Stewart 2003
4461:
4434:
4428:
4421:Stewart 2003
4417:Lockyer 1998
4412:
4390:Willson 1963
4386:Stewart 2003
4381:
4374:Thomson 1827
4369:
4357:
4345:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4306:Willson 1963
4301:
4289:
4282:Willson 1963
4278:Stewart 2003
4273:
4266:Stewart 2003
4260:
4253:Willson 1963
4244:
4237:Willson 1963
4232:
4220:
4213:Thomson 1827
4208:
4196:
4189:Willson 1963
4184:
4176:
4171:
4164:Willson 1963
4155:
4148:Willson 1963
4139:
4127:
4116:Lockyer 1998
4107:
4098:, quoted by
4095:
4083:
4062:
4030:
4025:, p. 39
4018:
4011:Milling 2004
4006:
3983:
3974:
3964:
3949:
3932:
3923:
3908:
3899:
3886:
3877:
3868:
3860:
3855:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3804:
3789:
3776:
3760:
3754:
3746:
3738:
3730:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3697:
3691:Daemonologie
3689:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3391:
3138:
3094:Henry Stuart
3076:
3031:
3022:Elizabeth I,
3020:
3009:
2982:
2855:
2822:
2739:
2729:John Stewart
2705:
2628:Mary Stewart
2614:
2550:
2539:
2462:
2449:
2383:royal badges
2380:
2373:
2369:
2354:
2349:
2323:
2312:
2258:
2242:
2227:
2219:
2206:
2201:(1658); and
2198:
2190:
2184:
2153:
2126:
2118:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2058:tertian ague
2055:
2027:
2017:Portrait by
2003:
1980:
1976:
1961:
1959:
1939:
1925:
1916:(left), and
1863:
1853:
1839:confirmation
1828:
1808:
1784:
1739:
1720:Portrait by
1704:
1677:
1668:
1645:
1619:
1603:
1576:
1568:Henry Howard
1545:
1518:Jacobean era
1503:
1481:
1477:
1468:Robert Cecil
1465:
1408:
1389:
1384:
1370:
1368:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1309:
1279:
1254:
1226:
1222:Central Belt
1193:
1181:
1177:Daemonologie
1175:
1173:
1142:
1136:Daemonologie
1134:
1116:
1056:Frederick II
1048:
1000:
992:Gowrie House
981:
964:
944:Ruthven Raid
933:
896:
869:
864:
841:Adam Erskine
790:
753:Earl of Ross
743:
672:
668:David Rizzio
637:
592:
574:
573:(1598), and
568:
564:Daemonologie
562:
528:
508:Jacobean era
461:
432:
420:
412:
411:
298:
214:19 June 1566
170:
138:29 July 1567
84:25 July 1603
18:
13745:1625 deaths
13740:1566 births
13600:John Wright
13291:(1835â1840)
13171:(c. 350 BC)
13161:(c. 375 BC)
12778:Tocqueville
12743:Saint-Simon
12708:Montesquieu
12559:Bolingbroke
12491:Machiavelli
12371:Ibn Khaldun
12336:Alpharabius
12329:Middle Ages
12154:Natural law
12129:Common good
12054:Nationalism
12014:Imperialism
11984:Corporatism
11959:Colonialism
11939:Agrarianism
11918:Technocracy
11898:Meritocracy
11878:Bureaucracy
11868:Aristocracy
11600:Monasticism
11435:Holy Spirit
11345:Elizabeth I
11190:Anglicanism
11126:(from 2004)
10921:Blind Harry
10156:(1884â1919)
10150:(1881â1884)
10143:(1784â1827)
10135:(1760â1767)
10127:(1716â1728)
10120:(1660â1685)
10114:(1603â1625)
10102:(1565â1567)
10093:(1485â1536)
10081:(1420â1425)
10075:(1398â1420)
10001:(1952â2022)
9993:(1910â1936)
9985:(1901â1910)
9977:(1841â1901)
9969:(1762â1820)
9961:(1727â1751)
9953:(1714â1727)
9945:(1688â1689)
9937:(1630â1649)
9923:(1612â1625)
9915:(1594â1612)
9907:(1566â1567)
9899:(1540â1541)
9891:(1512â1513)
9883:(1509â1510)
9877:(1507â1508)
9871:(1473â1488)
9863:(1452â1460)
9855:(1430â1437)
9839:(1402â1406)
9831:(1398â1402)
9758:Charles III
9743:Edward VIII
9473:Alexander I
9453:Malcolm III
9428:Kenneth III
9328:Elizabeth I
9290:Richard III
8850:Alexander I
8800:Kenneth III
8751:(uncertain)
8649:Talorgan II
8614:Nechtan III
8589:Gartnait IV
8554:Gartnait II
8334:Elizabeth I
8262:curated by
8147:. Springer.
8045:. Longman.
7579:, Longman,
7561:, Longman,
6918:La Rochelle
6697:Davies 1959
6527:The Stuarts
5987:Akrigg 1984
5887:Schama 2001
5718:Schama 2001
5329:Martin 2016
5015:Hunter 2000
4999:Hunter 2000
4987:Hunter 2000
4971:Hunter 2000
4947:Hunter 2000
4935:Hunter 2000
4919:Akrigg 1984
4842:10037/20205
4524:, pp.
4132:Davies 1959
4100:Stroud 1999
3861:Northampton
2857:Henry VIII,
2523:Family tree
2338:for Ireland
2334:for England
2298:was a lion
1991:Thomas Lake
1928:Anne Murray
1768:Edward Coke
1734:Inigo Jones
1491:Royal Entry
1385:Sang Sculis
1233:clan chiefs
1145:witch-hunts
1125:Witch hunts
1092:Tycho Brahe
1038:Queen Anne
996:John Ramsay
837:Peter Young
603:Christendom
587:), and the
502:, the last
143:Predecessor
93:Elizabeth I
89:Predecessor
44: 1605
13729:Categories
13704:(informer)
13641:John Grant
13590:Guy Fawkes
13499:Separatism
13307:On Liberty
13207:The Prince
12936:Huntington
12439:Campanella
12366:al-Ghazali
12315:Thucydides
12273:Lactantius
12218:Statolatry
12044:Monarchism
12024:Liberalism
11949:Capitalism
11932:Ideologies
11913:Plutocracy
11861:Government
11817:Revolution
11802:Propaganda
11752:Legitimacy
11727:Government
11454:Sacraments
11305:Henry VIII
11265:Ăthelberht
11198:Communions
11143:Jackie Kay
10704:Charles II
9733:Edward VII
9723:William IV
9713:George III
9642:Charles II
9537:Robert III
9483:Malcolm IV
9458:Donald III
9433:Malcolm II
9418:Kenneth II
9300:Henry VIII
9260:Richard II
9255:Edward III
9189:William II
9162:Harthacnut
8979:William II
8964:Charles II
8919:Robert III
8860:Malcolm IV
8840:Donald III
8830:Donald III
8805:Malcolm II
8790:Kenneth II
8699:Bridei VII
8654:Drest VIII
8599:Bridei III
8584:Talorgan I
8579:Talorc III
8559:Nechtan II
8524:Gartnait I
8380:1566â1567
8349:1603â1625
8318:1567â1625
7961:Coward, B.
7906:required.)
7349:King James
7233:Croft 2003
7093:9 February
7068:9 February
7027:Croft 2003
6970:Croft 2003
6958:Croft 2003
6946:Croft 2003
6934:Croft 2003
6922:Isle of RĂ©
6898:Croft 2003
6854:Croft 2003
6838:Croft 2003
6836:quoted in
6818:Croft 2003
6765:Croft 2003
6761:Croft 2003
6709:Croft 2003
6685:Croft 2003
6621:Perry 2006
6473:Bray, Alan
6456:The Friend
6452:Bray, Alan
6424:9 December
6390:9 December
6303:18 October
6149:Croft 2003
6129:Croft 2003
6117:Croft 2003
6093:Croft 2003
6039:Croft 2003
6025:quoted by
6015:Croft 2003
5975:Croft 2003
5939:Croft 2003
5923:Croft 2003
5899:Croft 2003
5883:Croft 2003
5863:Croft 2003
5758:Croft 2003
5678:Croft 2003
5658:Croft 2003
5646:Croft 2003
5634:Croft 2003
5632:Quoted by
5621:Croft 2003
5610:required.)
5561:Croft 2003
5537:Croft 2003
5525:Croft 2003
5509:Croft 2003
5473:Croft 2003
5461:Croft 2003
5418:Croft 2003
5397:Croft 2003
5345:Croft 2003
5305:Croft 2003
5274:Croft 2003
5142:Quoted by
5131:Croft 2003
5111:Croft 2003
5087:Croft 2003
5075:King David
5039:Croft 2003
4899:Croft 2003
4789:Croft 2003
4777:Croft 2003
4694:Croft 2003
4667:Croft 2003
4639:Croft 2003
4617:quoted by
4611:Croft 2003
4579:Croft 2003
4567:Croft 2003
4551:Croft 2003
4468:quoted by
4405:Croft 2003
4362:Croft 2003
4330:Croft 2003
4318:Croft 2003
4294:Croft 2003
4120:Smith 2003
4112:Croft 2003
4088:Smith 2003
4039:Scriptures
3999:References
3799:certain."
2741:Henry VII,
2616:James III,
2474:, aged 18.
2391:dimidiated
2368:the motto
2342:red dragon
2319:marshalled
2101:See also:
2089:James was
2080: [
2046:George III
1866:episcopacy
1648:Guy Fawkes
1499:Ben Jonson
1453:dimidiated
1450:Tudor rose
1420:high style
1332:Royal Gift
1242:Parliament
1159:under the
1149:witchcraft
1088:Copenhagen
967:Black Acts
960:John Craig
940:Calvinists
936:Protestant
857:preceptors
817:coronation
664:Protestant
656:Henry VIII
555:Ben Jonson
551:John Donne
246:7 May 1625
134:Coronation
80:Coronation
13217:Leviathan
13197:Monarchia
13191:(c. 1274)
13026:Oakeshott
12971:Mansfield
12966:Luxemburg
12951:Kropotkin
12846:Bernstein
12799:centuries
12713:Nietzsche
12656:Jefferson
12584:Condorcet
12532:centuries
12511:Pufendorf
12376:Marsilius
12263:Confucius
12248:Aristotle
12241:Antiquity
12169:Noble lie
12089:Third Way
12084:Socialism
12009:Feudalism
11964:Communism
11944:Anarchism
11923:Theocracy
11908:Oligarchy
11888:Democracy
11873:Autocracy
11787:Pluralism
11772:Obedience
11737:Hierarchy
11697:Authority
11459:Eucharist
11372:Charles I
11340:Edward VI
11290:Hygeberht
11093:Tom Scott
10728:Katherine
10719:Elizabeth
10141:Frederick
9958:Frederick
9844:Alexander
9748:George VI
9718:George IV
9708:George II
9620:Charles I
9602:from 1603
9552:James III
9532:Robert II
9488:William I
9463:Duncan II
9391:Malcolm I
9381:Donald II
9305:Edward VI
9295:Henry VII
9280:Edward IV
9250:Edward II
9240:Henry III
9223:Richard I
9184:William I
9105:Ăthelstan
8969:James VII
8959:Charles I
8934:James III
8914:Robert II
8835:Duncan II
8765:Malcolm I
8755:Donald II
8694:Ciniod II
8689:Bridei VI
8669:Ăengus II
8619:Drest VII
8609:Bridei IV
8574:Bridei II
8534:Talorc II
8514:Drest III
8499:Nechtan I
8324:Charles I
8174:142991232
7864:(1963) ,
7824:Routledge
7432:Guy, John
7370:(1959) ,
7201:porphyria
7163:(1978) ,
6914:Huguenots
6562:28 August
6200:46169615M
5598:13 August
5262:Jack 1988
5224:Jack 1988
5212:Jack 1988
5171:(2000), "
5156:Jack 1988
4859:229451135
4851:1923-5755
4825:: 54â99.
4453:25969471M
2824:James IV,
2552:James II,
2454:mezzotint
2370:In defens
2284:supported
2267:, a lion
2066:dysentery
2042:porphyria
2030:arthritis
1763:Rhineland
1589:, and by
1552:Main Plot
1455:with the
1415:anglicise
1265:Stornoway
1227:In 1540,
1104:Elizabeth
976:Octavians
890:given by
831:selected
821:John Knox
779:Regencies
617:Childhood
514:himself "
492:Elizabeth
468:Henry VII
451:remained
441:his death
435:from the
399:Signature
157:Charles I
153:Successor
103:Charles I
99:Successor
13670:See also
13619:Recruits
13472:Centrism
13167:Politics
13157:Republic
13126:Voegelin
13106:Spengler
13091:Shariati
13066:Rothbard
13021:Nussbaum
12921:Habermas
12896:Fukuyama
12886:Foucault
12811:Ambedkar
12788:Voltaire
12758:de Staël
12733:Rousseau
12614:Franklin
12589:Constant
12549:Beccaria
12381:Muhammad
12361:Gelasius
12346:Averroes
12320:Xenophon
12300:Polybius
12253:Chanakya
12098:Concepts
12064:Populism
12034:Localism
12019:Islamism
12004:Feminism
11903:Monarchy
11807:Property
11797:Progress
11762:Monopoly
11732:Hegemony
11595:Ministry
11590:Heraldry
11412:Theology
11285:Paulinus
10987:James VI
10825:Category
10714:James II
10665:Margaret
10542:Margaret
10324:Stewarts
10288:Branches
9738:George V
9728:Victoria
9703:George I
9572:James VI
9557:James IV
9547:James II
9520:David II
9515:Robert I
9504:Margaret
9438:Duncan I
9347:Donald I
9285:Edward V
9275:Henry VI
9265:Henry IV
9245:Edward I
9211:Henry II
9110:Edmund I
9099:Ălfweard
9057:monarchs
9051:Scottish
8954:James VI
8939:James IV
8929:James II
8909:David II
8904:Robert I
8880:Margaret
8810:Duncan I
8729:Donald I
8674:Drest IX
8644:AlpĂn II
8639:Ciniod I
8634:Bridei V
8629:Ăengus I
8594:Drest VI
8549:Bridei I
8529:Cailtram
8519:Drest IV
8504:Drest II
8494:Talorc I
8249:LibriVox
8100:in JSTOR
8064:in JSTOR
7963:(2017).
7942:(1974).
7818:(2006).
7704:(2001),
7557:(1981),
7455:(2000),
7434:(2004),
7393:(1974),
7346:(2003),
6507:(2014).
6454:(2003).
6351:(1996).
6298:BBC News
6215:(1970).
6168:bisexual
6055:(eds.).
5732:(1978).
5430:Guy 2004
5198:(1985),
5176:Archived
4526:295, 297
4522:Law 1904
4344:(1851),
4249:Guy 2004
4225:Guy 2004
4160:Guy 2004
4144:Guy 2004
3940:(son of
3796:John Guy
3155:Ancestry
2984:James V,
2488:Margaret
2308:sinister
2280:tressure
2209:(1658).
2193:(1652);
2174:and the
1843:surplice
1788:Habsburg
1548:Bye Plot
1460:ensigned
1392:Jacobean
1359:True Law
1336:True Law
1294:Shetland
1204:Hebrides
1106:, later
1084:Elsinore
1022:Marriage
862:treatise
699:baptised
650:through
567:(1597),
480:minority
472:abdicate
445:Scotland
421:James VI
320:Margaret
221:Scotland
171:See list
13509:Statism
13422:Elitism
13380:Related
13181:(51 BC)
13111:Strauss
13086:Scruton
13081:Schmitt
13071:Russell
12991:Michels
12986:Maurras
12981:Marcuse
12941:Kautsky
12911:Gramsci
12906:Gentile
12876:Dworkin
12866:Du Bois
12861:Dmowski
12856:Chomsky
12851:Burnham
12836:Benoist
12806:Agamben
12773:Thoreau
12763:Stirner
12753:Spencer
12698:Mazzini
12688:Maistre
12683:Madison
12678:Le Play
12609:Fourier
12574:Carlyle
12554:Bentham
12544:Bastiat
12539:Bakunin
12516:Spinoza
12506:MĂŒntzer
12476:Leibniz
12449:Grotius
12429:Bossuet
12396:Plethon
12341:Aquinas
12310:Sun Tzu
12278:Mencius
12268:Han Fei
12039:Marxism
11999:Fascism
11832:Society
11757:Liberty
11742:Justice
11722:Freedom
11535:Morning
11483:worship
11479:Liturgy
11420:Trinity
11360:James I
11315:Cranmer
11240:History
10890:James I
10885:Huchoun
10758:Mary II
10006:William
9998:Charles
9934:Charles
9920:Charles
9881:Arthur
9656:Mary II
9562:James V
9542:James I
9478:David I
9443:Macbeth
9375:Eochaid
9270:Henry V
9205:Matilda
9199:Stephen
9194:Henry I
9055:British
9049:,
9047:English
9003:Ireland
8999:England
8974:Mary II
8944:James V
8924:James I
8855:David I
8815:Macbeth
8749:Eochaid
8704:Drest X
8624:AlpĂn I
8564:Cinioch
8539:Drest V
8489:Drest I
8345:Ireland
8238:at the
8215:at the
8198:James I
8124:History
8043:James I
7979:James I
7262:Sources
6868:1 April
6479:(ed.).
3702:, 1616
3682:Lepanto
3678:, 1591
3672:), 1584
3011:Mary I,
2269:rampant
2086:].
2074:Solomon
1835:Puritan
1829:In the
1755:Bohemia
1742:Howards
1593:, soon
1540:spinels
1280:In the
1229:James V
1183:Macbeth
1112:Charles
847:), and
721:), and
591:of the
526:began.
496:Charles
476:regents
449:England
433:James I
429:Ireland
300:more...
287:
271:
267:
237:England
163:Regents
115:more...
61:more...
56:Ireland
13371:(1992)
13361:(1971)
13351:(1951)
13341:(1945)
13331:(1944)
13321:(1929)
13311:(1859)
13301:(1848)
13281:(1820)
13271:(1791)
13261:(1790)
13251:(1762)
13241:(1748)
13231:(1689)
13221:(1651)
13211:(1532)
13201:(1313)
13131:Walzer
13121:Taylor
13076:Sartre
13041:Popper
13036:Pareto
13031:Ortega
13016:Nozick
13006:Mouffe
12956:Laclau
12916:Guénon
12901:Gandhi
12841:Berlin
12831:Bauman
12826:Badiou
12816:Arendt
12783:Tucker
12673:Le Bon
12634:Herder
12624:Haller
12619:Godwin
12604:Fichte
12599:Engels
12594:Cortés
12564:Bonald
12521:SuĂĄrez
12496:Milton
12486:Luther
12459:Hobbes
12444:Filmer
12434:Calvin
12419:Boétie
12412:period
12391:Ockham
12258:Cicero
12059:Nazism
11847:Utopia
11822:Rights
11812:Regime
11782:People
11767:Nation
11469:Saints
11425:Father
11355:Hooker
11350:Parker
10685:Sophia
10451:Egidia
10435:Robert
10214:Titles
10133:Edward
10108:(1567)
9990:Edward
9982:George
9966:George
9950:George
9929:(1629)
9875:James
9847:(1430)
9567:Mary I
9448:Lulach
9412:AmlaĂb
9406:Cuilén
9396:Indulf
9322:Philip
9317:Mary I
9120:Eadwig
9115:Eadred
8820:Lulach
8785:AmlaĂb
8780:Cuilén
8770:Indulf
8659:Conall
8384:Vacant
8362:Vacant
8289:
8172:
8112:
8085:
8073:online
8057:Albion
8049:
8035:
8010:online
7985:
7971:
7950:
7928:
7900:
7872:
7851:
7830:
7791:
7773:
7751:
7733:
7712:
7691:
7673:
7655:
7637:
7619:
7601:
7583:
7565:
7544:
7513:
7495:
7463:
7442:
7421:
7403:
7380:
7356:
7333:
7315:
7297:
7279:
7171:
7130:
6791:
6533:
6515:
6487:
6462:
6415:
6359:
6327:
6237:
6198:
6188:
6073:
6063:Oxford
5604:
4857:
4849:
4451:
4441:
4071:Oxford
3763:, 1609
3757:, 1608
3743:, 1599
3735:, 1598
3694:, 1597
3684:, poem
2516:Sophia
2315:badges
2304:dexter
2300:sejant
2288:Argent
2156:Stuart
2113:Rubens
2097:Legacy
1989:; and
1966:sodomy
1964:lists
1381:burghs
1290:Orkney
1238:Gaelic
1139:(1597)
1110:; and
773:regent
687:Prince
634:, 1574
557:, and
512:styled
494:, and
389:Mother
379:Father
373:Stuart
340:Sophia
277:
257:Spouse
243:Burial
13520:Index
13149:Works
13136:Weber
13101:Spann
13096:Sorel
13061:Röpke
13056:Rawls
13011:Negri
13001:Mosca
12996:Mises
12961:Lenin
12931:Hoppe
12926:Hayek
12891:Fromm
12881:Evola
12871:Dugin
12768:Taine
12748:Smith
12728:Renan
12723:Paine
12644:Iqbal
12629:Hegel
12579:Comte
12569:Burke
12481:Locke
12471:James
12424:Bodin
12356:Dante
12351:Bruni
12305:Shang
12288:Plato
11842:State
11792:Power
11777:Peace
11712:Elite
11690:Terms
11605:Music
11270:Edwin
10322:Royal
9942:James
9904:James
9896:James
9888:James
9868:James
9860:James
9852:James
9836:James
9828:David
9468:Edgar
9368:Giric
9234:Louis
9141:Sweyn
8845:Edgar
8744:Giric
8684:Uurad
8604:Taran
8416:1567
8369:James
8291:Died:
8284:Born:
8170:S2CID
6558:. BBC
6317:e.g.
5167:See:
4855:S2CID
3768:Notes
3078:Mary,
2441:Issue
2296:crest
2276:Azure
2272:Gules
1852:1604
1377:Scots
1064:Leith
851:(lay
843:(lay
771:, as
622:Birth
504:Tudor
368:House
353:Names
294:Issue
285:)
273:(
269:
123:Reign
69:Reign
13051:Rand
13046:Qutb
12946:Kirk
12821:Aron
12738:Sade
12718:Owen
12703:Mill
12693:Marx
12661:Kant
12639:Hume
12501:More
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