5972:
4015:) is 778 mm. Mean temperature is 13.3 °C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 10.9 °C and maximum of 22 °C. As it is common at tropical latitudes, the contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts. The rainfall pattern, however, shows a very high seasonality with 70 to 80% of the annual rain falling in July and August. The annual seasons are “hagay” (dry season in winter), “belgi” (spring rains), “kremti” (main summer rains) and “qew'i” (autumn), when the crops are ripening off. In the summer rainy season the dominant wind direction is from the southwest, whereas in the rest of the year winds blow from the east.
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46:
2446:
237:
5120:
842:
6688:
9331:
90:
5995:
5870:
6669:
4048:
3019:
6653:
70:
55:
6292:
1198:
6638:
4072:
6564:
6586:
6556:
1187:
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6539:
5855:
3537:, both hewn but not open at the upper side. The first courtyard holds graves; between the two, there is a block of stone with a cross in the window opening in its centre. The three-aisled church has a depth of four bays. There are entrances on both sides through hewn corridors. The church ceiling has a consistent height, holding cupolas, arches and capitals in each bay. The hewn
3678:. The church has a continuous hipped ceiling to the centre aisle. There are carved diagonal crosses as well as a cross carved above the arch into the sanctuary. The ceiling holds longitudinal beams that form a continuous lintel, which is similar to traditional Tigrayan workmanship. The church is at risk of collapse and hence access is not permitted.
5829:. An average family owns one or two oxen (six or eight for a rich family), one to three cows with their calf(s) (ten), 5 to 7 goats or sheep (20 or 30), and sometimes a donkey (three or four mules and donkeys for a rich family). Livestock are mainly a source of energy, hence they are part of the permanent farming system: oxen are
5968:
Many cattle of
Haddinnet and also Ayninbirkekin tabias are brought to the foot of the escarpment at Ab’aro, with all herds passing through Ksad Azef pass. Cattle stay on there on wide rangelands. Some cattle keepers move far down to open woodland and establish their camp in large caves in sandstone.
4704:
In this area with rains that last only for a couple of months per year, reservoirs of different sizes allow harvesting runoff from the rainy season for further use in the dry season. Overall they suffer from siltation. Yet, they strongly contribute to greening the landscape, either through irrigation
3724:
that surrounds the entrance. The church comprises two circular well-carved cells that are used for baptisms. Above the sanctuary there is a series of small blind arcades. Beside the ancient church, a new cave is under excavation. Down from the church there are irrigated tropical gardens. Under cover
5837:
and thus essential for crop production. Donkeys provide energy: they transport heavy loads such as crop harvests, large stones for building, and traded goods. Additionally, sheep and goats are considered as an insurance for difficult times. Meat and milk production are only of secondary importance.
4787:
The soils of Dogu’a
Tembien reflect its longstanding agricultural history, highly seasonal rainfall regime, relatively low temperatures, an extremely great variety in lithology (with dominance of basalts and limestone) and steep slopes. Outstanding features in the soilscape are the fertile highland
2295:
of
Ethiopia (CSA), this woreda had a total population of 113,595, an increase of 28% over the 1994 census, of whom 56,955 were men and 56,640 women; 7,270 or 6.4% were urban inhabitants. A total of 25,290 households were counted in this woreda, resulting in an average of 4.5 persons per household,
4808:
were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. As a response to the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation has been carried out on a large scale
5786:
are clearly demarcated and are cropped every year. Hence the agricultural system is a permanent upland farming system, and the population are not nomads. In 2001, 72% of the farmers both raised crops and livestock, while 28% only grew crops; very few to none only raised livestock. The term mixed
2315:, 7% of the population were considered literate, which was less than the Zone average of 14%; 8% of children aged 7–12 were in primary school; 0.14% of the children aged 13–14 were in junior secondary school, and 0.21% of the inhabitants aged 15–18 were in senior secondary school. Concerning
8916:
5965:(1930 m) that holds dense vegetation. The cattle keepers establish enclosures for the cattle and places for them to sleep, often in rock shelters. The cattle stay there until harvesting time, when they are needed for threshing, and when the stubble becomes available for grazing.
3098:. The pillars are rounded (which is uncommon) and expand at either end, supporting arches that appear as triangles. Women are not allowed to do the ascent, nor to visit monastery or church. Independently from the difficult access to the monastery, the surrounding sandstone
2781:). At the upper side of the cliff, there is an alignment of cavities: the “windows” of a gallery parallel to cliff and river. The cave floor holds with clay pots that would have served as food containers for villagers who went there hiding during an early 20th C. conflict.
6384:. The brew is allowed to ferment for a few days, after which it is served, sometimes with the pieces of bread floating on it (the customer will gently blow them to one side of the beaker). The alcoholic content is 2% to 5%. Most of the coarser part of the brew, the
8828:
5804:, and 3% was devoted to other uses. For the land under cultivation in this woreda, 78% was planted in cereals, 12% in pulses, and 1.4% in oilseeds; the area planted in vegetables is missing. Ten hectares were planted in fruit trees and eleven in
3339:). Behind it, the remnant of the earlier church established in a natural cave of 20 metres by 20 metres. The roof of the cave is covered with sooth, evidencing the fact that the villagers took cover here, during the Italian bombardments of the
5799:
A sample enumeration performed by the CSA in 2001 interviewed 22,002 farmers in this woreda, who held an average of 0.79 hectares of land. Of the 17,387 hectares of private land surveyed, 91% was in cultivation, 0.6% pasture, 5% fallow, 0.13%
8732:
Meheretu Yonas; Kiros
Welegerima; Sluydts, V; Bauer, H; Kindeya Gebrehiwot; Deckers, J; Makundi, R; Leirs, H (2015). "Reproduction and survival of rodents in crop fields: the effects of rainfall, crop stage and stone-bund density".
8281:
Nyssen, Jan; Poesen, Jean; Gebremichael, Desta; Vancampenhout, Karen; d'Aes, Margo; Yihdego, Gebremedhin; Govers, Gerard; Leirs, Herwig; Moeyersons, Jan; Naudts, Jozef; Haregeweyn, Nigussie; Haile, Mitiku; Deckers, Jozef (2007).
7918:
Nyssen, Jan; Tielens, Sander; Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael; Araya, Tigist; Teka, Kassa; Van De Wauw, Johan; Degeyndt, Karen; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amare, Kassa; Haile, Mitiku; Zenebe, Amanuel; Munro, Neil; Walraevens, Kristine;
4925:
programme. The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities; it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, conservation in the exclosures, or a store for
6283:, as women are traditionally focussed on weeding and harvesting, as well as activities at home, and men work in the fields at ploughing and threshing times. Ploughing by women has been (and often still is) a cultural taboo.
9053:
Ayimut Kiros-Meles; Abang, M. (2008). "Farmers' knowledge of crop diseases and control strategies in the
Regional State of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia: implications for farmer–researcher collaboration in disease management".
6994:
6275:
The ox-plough based agriculture, which has characterised Dogu’a
Tembien since thousands of years, not only has shaped the agricultural landscape; it also forms the basis of social relationships. There is for instance a
8825:
5953:
keeping livestock nearby to the homesteads In some villages most people with not practice transhumance, but even in villages which practice transhumance, some will prefer using the nearby grazing grounds.
6326:. Then, young women dominate the public space with dances and songs which is in strong contrast with the rest of the year. The rural ‘’Ashenda’’ is very different from the "standardised" urban festival.
8323:
Nyssen, J.; Veyret-Picot, M.; Poesen, J.; Moeyersons, J.; Haile, Mitiku; Deckers, J.; Govers, G. (2004). "The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern
Ethiopia".
8083:
Nyssen, Jan; Frankl, Amaury; Zenebe, Amanuel; Deckers, Jozef; Poesen, Jean (2015). "Land management in the northern
Ethiopian highlands: local and global perspectives; past, present and future".
9693:
7290:
Kiessling, W.; Kumar, D.; Schemm-Gregory, M.; Mewis, H.; Aberhan, M (2011). "Marine benthic invertebrates from the Upper
Jurassic of northern Ethiopia and their biogeographic affinities".
2303:
The 1994 national census reported a total population for this woreda of 89,037, of whom 44,408 were men and 44,629 were women. The largest ethnic group reported in Dogu'a
Tembien was the
8456:
Mastewal Yami, and colleagues (2007). "Impact of Area Enclosures on Density and Diversity of Large Wild Mammals: The Case of May Ba'ati, Douga Tembien Woreda, Central Tigray, Ethiopia".
6972:
7155:
Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F.; Faccenna, C.; Abebe, B. (2017). "Erosion-tectonics feedbacks in shaping the landscape: An example from the Mekele Outlier (Tigray, Ethiopia)".
9234:
Geosites, Geoheritage, Human-Environment Interactions, and Sustainable Geotourism in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District
5950:
daily movements with livestock back-and-forth to the grazing grounds, the “home range herders” – they travel back and forth daily to grazing grounds that are a few kilometres away
8810:
Les Hautes Terres de Tembien, Tigré, Ethiopie; Résistance et limites d'une ancienne civilisation agraire; Conséquences sur la dégradation des terres . CNEARC, Montpellier, France
5957:
If the grazing lands are far from the village, deep in the gorge, livestock will stay there overnight (transhumance) with children and a few adults keeping them. Some examples:
3151:(1960s), the rock church has cruciform columns, flat beams and a flat ceiling, a single arch, and a flat rear wall without apse. Windows give light to the church itself. Emperor
6988:
6786:
2319:, about 29% of the urban houses and 15% of all houses had access to safe drinking water at the time of the census; 6% of the urban and 2.4% of the total had toilet facilities.
6084:
6016:). This is a landscape that has been created by close to a hundred generations of peasants for the production of incense. This was already exported to the sea ports and to
7842:
Hydrological context of water scarcity and storage on the mountain ridges in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District
6600:
9010:; Waters-Bayer, A.; Bjørnstad, Å. (2008). "Farmers' seed management and innovation in varietal selection: implications for barley breeding in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia".
9686:
7974:
Nyssen, J.; Naudts, J.; De Geyndt, K.; Haile, Mitiku; Poesen, J.; Moeyersons, J.; Deckers, J. (2008). "Soils and land use in the Tigray highlands (Northern Ethiopia)".
6218:
As of 2013, 100 church institutions were registered in the woreda. Churches and monasteries in the woreda that contain historical manuscripts and artefacts include:
9308:
8685:
Benefits of reforestation on Carbon storage and water infiltration in the context of climate mitigation in North Ethiopia. Master thesis, Ghent University, Belgium
6264:
667:
The lowest places are where the main rivers leave the district. They are often located not far from the highest points, what indicates the magnitude of the relief
3433:. It holds grave cells off the main space. As Mika'el Samba is not a village church, priests are only present on the monthly Mika’els day, the twelfth day in the
8888:
Merha Zerabruk; Vangen, O; Mitiku Haile (2007). "The status of cattle genetic resources in North Ethiopia: On-farm characterization of six major cattle breeds".
5648:
Species that are neither endemic nor biome-restricted but that have restricted ranges or that can be more easily seen in Ethiopia than elsewhere in their range:
8517:
Wolde Mekuria, and colleagues (2011). "Restoration of Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Following Exclosure Establishment in Communal Grazing Lands in Tigray, Ethiopia".
2469:, there was a relative tectonic quiescence, during which the Amba Aradam Sandstones were partially eroded what led to the formation of a new planation surface.
9679:
6150:
3757:
cliffs, the TPLF carried out its political activities, including a major land reform; it was from here that the offensives were organised till the conquest of
8826:"Central Statistical Authority of Ethiopia. Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSE2001). Report on Area and Production - Tigray Region. Version 1.1 - December 2007"
1053:
highlands could relatively easily be accessed when coming from the Gheralta lowlands. During the Italian invasion, it was an important battlefield during the
7785:
The Giba, Tanqwa and Tsaliet rivers in the headwaters of the Tekezze basin. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
4023:
1166:, directly southwest of Dogu’a Tembien. The population of Dogu’a Tembien is composed of the original population with a certain admixture of descendants of
6394:
is consumed during social events, after (manual) work, and as an incentive for farmers and labourers. There are about a hundred traditional beer houses (
6178:
5862:
8771:
Raptor perch sites for biological control of agricultural pest rodents. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
8432:
Birds of forests and open woodlands in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
7136:
Bosellini, A.; Russo, A.; Fantozzi, P.; Assefa, G.; Tadesse, S. (1997). "The Mesozoic succession of the Mekelle Outlier (Tigrai Province, Ethiopia)".
5843:
3626:
2633:
2501:
8120:
Sheet and Rill Erosion and Its Control: Lessons from Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
7409:
Local myths in relation to the natural environment of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District
6164:
8701:
Forest and woodland vegetation in the highlands of Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
8566:
Exclosures as Primary Option for Reforestation in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
6206:
6136:
8201:
Farmland Management, Tillage and Resulting Cultivation Terraces. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
7389:
7229:"Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions"
6803:
Agazi Negash. (2001). The Holocene Pre-Historic Archaeology of the Temben Region of Northern Ethiopia (PhD dissertation). University of Florida.
5808:. Land tenure in this woreda is distributed amongst 82% owning their land, 17% renting and 0.4% holding their land under other forms of tenure.
9860:
9286:
6488:
6101:
6007:
7748:
Lanckriet, S. and colleagues (2015). "Droughts related to quasi‐global oscillations: a diagnostic teleconnection analysis in North Ethiopia".
7063:"Stratigraphy and geochronology of the Tambien Group, Ethiopia: Evidence for globally synchronous carbon isotope change in the Neoproterozoic"
4825:
in order to allow forest regeneration. On the other hand, it remains difficult to convince farmers to carry out measures within the farmland (
2727:), the monumental Zeyi Abune Aregawi church holds the entrance to Northern Ethiopia's largest cave. The 364-metres long oval gallery displays
6969:
6425:
5607:
4832:), such as bed and furrows or zero grazing, as there is a fear for loss of income from the land. Such techniques are however very effective.
1178:
language and identify as Tigrayans today. However, when it comes to marriage, in-laws may informally verify the ancestry of bride or groom.
9301:
4905:. The local inhabitants also consider it as “land set aside for future generations”. In Dogu’a Tembien, some exclosures are managed by the
3875:
2736:
7652:"The effect of rainfall on spatio‐temporal variability in cropping systems and duration of crop cover in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands"
4796:
in church forests. The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive
9257:
2527:
plugs in Dogu’a Tembien. The present geomorphology is marked by deep valleys, eroded as a result of the regional uplift. Throughout the
7907:
Developers and farmers intertwining interventions: the case of rainwater harvesting and food-for-work in Degua Temben, Tigray, Ethiopia
3082:. The intrepid visitor will climb down, then scramble over narrow ledges along precipices, and finally climb an overhanging cliff. The
8593:
Research-based development projects in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
8358:
Tewodros Gebreegziabher, and colleagues (2009). "Contour furrows for in situ soil and water conservation, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia".
8242:
Research-Based Development Projects in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
7266:
Fossil evidence of Dogu'a Tembien's environmental past. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District
7188:
The volcanic rock cover of the Dogu'a Tembien massif. In: Geo-Trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains, the Dogu'a Tembien District
8161:
Gully Erosion and Control in the Tembien Highlands. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
5939:
During the cropping season the lands around the villages are not accessible for grazing. Livestock owners have three alternatives:
7587:
9294:
7529:
Description of trekking routes in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
2496:
topography was more elevated in Dogu'a Tembien as compared to more southerly areas. Three major formations may be distinguished:
2316:
8859:
Cattle breeds, milk production, and transhumance in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geotrekking in Ethiopia's tropical mountains, Chapter 28
8014:
Descheemaeker, K. and colleagues (2006). "Sediment deposition and pedogenesis in exclosures in the Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia".
6787:
Agazi Negash. (1997). Preliminary Results of Archaeological Reconnaissance of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, Nyame Akuma, 47, 27-32.
1170:
who were brought from southwestern Ethiopia, and were in the service of bigger land owners during feudality. There is no formal
9341:
4068:. The general drainage is westward, to the Tekezze River. Main tributaries in Dogu’a Tembien, from upstream to downstream, are
7014:
Regional geology of the Dogu'a Tembien massif. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
6946:
Geo-trekking map of Dogu'a Tembien (1:50,000). In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
3888:
with inscriptions. It is located at the top of the Dabba Selama mountain, and was carved by soldiers that participated in the
9242:
9145:
8779:
8709:
8659:
8601:
8574:
8440:
8257:
8216:
8176:
8135:
7850:
7800:
7626:
7545:
7417:
7274:
7196:
7061:
Swanson-Hysell, N.; Maloof, A.; Condon, D.; Jenkin, G.; Alene, M.; Tremblay, M.; Tesema, T.; Rooney, A.; Haileab, B. (2015).
7022:
6954:
6876:
6727:
2933:
2883:
2837:
2292:
8041:
Van de Wauw, J. and colleagues (2008). "Soil-landscape relationships in the basalt-dominated highlands of Tigay, Ethiopia".
1139:
River, is a spectacular pass in the sandstone landscape, to be crossed before ascending to Dogu’a Tembien from the northwest
7611:
Dogu'a Tembien's Tropical Mountain Climate. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains - The Dogu'a Tembien District
3336:
2398:, Dogu’a Tembien was located near the South Pole. The (reactivate) Precambrian extensional faults guided the deposition of
7040:
Geology of Ethiopia: a review and geomorphological perspectives. In: Billi, P. (ed.), Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia
9865:
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3551:
3214:
3597:
3447:
3401:
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3165:
3050:
979:
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6481:
3688:
2524:
1221:
1107:
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942:
5971:
2465:) indicates the presence of less shallow seas, what was probably caused by a regional uplift. In the beginning of the
1964:
5618:
are found in bushland, scrubland and dense secondary forest, often near cliffs, gorges or water. Chestnut-Winged or
1021:
6428:
is developing. Touristic attractions, potential for geotourism and trekking are detailed in the articles related to
5753:
can be done particularly in exclosures and forests. Eighteen bird-watching sites have been inventoried and mapped.
4684:), the May Bilbil resurgence is inside the bed of the Giba River; in the dry season spring water surges through the
3541:
is in an apse. The sophisticated plan comprises a central axis and two open courtyards that cut deep into the rock.
3392:
Just outside the district, on the western slopes of the Dogu’a Tembien massif, there are seven other rock churches.
3115:
6687:
4656:
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3258:
2975:
2795:
2252:
2211:
2170:
2129:
2043:
1721:
1680:
1639:
1598:
1557:
1508:
1467:
1426:
1385:
1344:
904:
866:
802:
768:
726:
684:
628:
587:
546:
505:
464:
423:
341:
303:
262:
9671:
3646:
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3487:. To enter the church, one has to go down a few. Remarkably, at the entrance, a pool of water is fed by a spring.
3307:
2753:
2699:
2088:
2008:
1929:
1888:
1847:
1803:
1762:
1303:
1262:
382:
7572:
The cultural context of food grinding equipment in Northern Ethiopia: an ethnoarchaeological approach. PhD thesis
5642:
2297:
9316:
6263:
Cattle, and particularly oxen, traditionally have social, economic and insurance value. This has contributed to
3483:
in front of it. On both sides of the main church, there are elongated chambers, maybe been the beginnings of an
7925:"Understanding spatial patterns of soils for sustainable agriculture in northern Ethiopia's tropical mountains"
6990:
1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples' Region
9023:
8284:"Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia"
4901:, people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other
2834:
at a height of about 2000 metres, has been explored over 14.4 m but its distance is claimed to be way longer (
1007:), a V-shaped pass in a dolerite ridge, used to be the main entrance gate to Dogu’a Tembien, when coming from
9357:
6595:
6474:
6445:
5905:
4373:
4337:
4321:
1163:
8480:"Land rehabilitation and the conservation of birds in a degraded Afromontane landscape in northern Ethiopia"
6919:
Praetorius, F. (1874). "Über zwei Tigriña-Dialekte. 1. Der Dialekt von Hamâsen. 2. Der Dialekt von Tanbên".
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5874:
4749:
4382:
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followed pre-existing tectonic lineaments. A mere thickness of 400 metres of basalt indicates that the pre-
2334:
1215:
1098:
971:
335:
252:
181:
8951:
Nyssen, Jan; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Zenebe, Amanuel; Poesen, Jean; Deckers, Jozef; Haile, Mitiku (2009).
8544:
Bedru Babulo, and colleagues (2006). "Economic valuation methods of forest rehabilitation in exclosures".
6329:
Also in summer, there is the boys’ festival Hawariat, where they clack whips. This lasts for about a week.
9457:
8616:
8070:
Central Tigre Development Study – Tigre Province Ethiopia, Working Paper I: Soils and land classification
6513:
6453:
5532:
3745:
At several places, people have excavates caves in the sandstone. The larger ones, and most known are the
9870:
9596:
9487:
7589:
Ethnoarchaeological study of grind stones at Lakia'a in Adwa, Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia. PhD diss
5507:
occur in the dry evergreen montane forests of the highland plateau but can also occupy other habitats.
5452:
5024:
7228:
5528:
3920:
occur on major communication lines dating back to the period before the introduction of the automobile
54:
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9799:
9462:
9317:
7386:
6429:
6192:
6143:
6129:
6115:
5183:
5014:
4902:
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Traditional surface water harvesting ponds, particularly in places without permanent springs, called
4574:
4519:
4430:
4346:
4305:
4285:
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plugs, springs and a cluster of trees. The church was established in widened caves of the tufa plug.
2119:
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1919:
1793:
1334:
102:
2394:
formations, from older (at the foot of the massif) to younger, near the summits. From Palaeozoic to
6366:
5944:
5927:
5627:
5407:
4810:
3340:
970:), at 2710 metres, is the highest pass of the district, where the main road passes before entering
8917:"The Abergelle and Irob cattle breeds of North Ethiopia: description and on-farm characterization"
7701:"Growing Apple (Malus Domestica) Under Tropical Mountain Climate Conditions in Northern Ethiopia"
6652:
5402:
4974:
4934:
3889:
3766:
3335:), in a very scenic position in a small forest behind limestone pinnacles, is some 30 years old (
1054:
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with widespread distribution in agricultural fields and storage areas in Dogu’a Tembien (and in
3246:
plug. The church boosts a semi-circular wooden arch of approx. 1.5 metre across (in one piece).
849:
Since ages, major footpaths and roads in Dogu’a Tembien have been using mountain passes, called
7353:
5838:
All in all, livestock productivity is low as there are shortages of fodder (crop residues). No
5669:
5638:
5611:
5576:
4739:. This large lake, once established, will strongly impact the livelihood of the inhabitants of
3880:
3634:
62:
6745:"The accumulation of Stone Age lithic artifacts in rock fragment mulches in northern Ethiopia"
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5634:
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5396:
5283:
5034:
3949:
3754:
3095:
2462:
2312:
161:
36:
7062:
6744:
6342:
In almost every household of Dogu'a Tembien, the woman knows how to prepare the local beer,
6049:
The traditional farmers’ homesteads are maybe not luxurious but evidence a quality of life.
2368:(up to 800 million years ago or Ma), that was largely eroded afterwards. Around 600 Ma, the
9568:
9429:
9349:
6756:
6614:
6604:
6574:
6012:
5801:
5615:
5556:
5545:
5539:
are found in evergreen forest, mountain woodlands and areas with scattered trees including
4914:
4898:
4165:
3929:
Stones collected from farmlands in order to free space for the crop, and heaped in typical
2559:
2431:
2361:
240:
Mount Gumawta, one of the peaks of the Tsatsen mesa, the highest location of Dogu'a Tembien
177:
107:
5961:
The cattle of Addi Geza’iti (2580 m) are brought every rainy season to the gorge of River
5482:
4809:
since the 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss. Measures include the construction of
3926:, in direct view of a church, where foot travellers stop, pray and put an additional stone
799:
At the junction of Tanqwa and Tsech’i Rivers, a bit upstream from May Lomin, 1897 metres (
8:
9624:
9321:
6637:
6038:
Additional activities to assure income include trading and daily labour in Hagere Selam,
5787:
farming is inappropriate however; it is rather a grain-plough complex. The first role of
5665:
5564:
5295:
5199:
5064:
5054:
4964:
4954:
4608:
4555:
4264:
2566:
2403:
1167:
1012:
82:
8387:"On the difference between "exclosures" and "enclosures" in ecology and the environment"
6760:
3038:. These have literally been hewn from rock, mainly between the 10th and 14th centuries.
9609:
9394:
9151:
9110:
9071:
9035:
8870:
8750:
8665:
8499:
8340:
8336:
8263:
8222:
8182:
8141:
8100:
7991:
7951:
7924:
7920:
7889:
7806:
7765:
7730:
7681:
7632:
7551:
7085:
6882:
6280:
6039:
5732:
5592:
5074:
4890:
4866:
4189:
3434:
2962:
2912:
2866:
207:
193:
8642:
Moens, T; Lanckriet, S; Jacob, M (2019). "Boswellia Incense in the Giba River Gorge".
1011:
with many converging footpaths and mule tracks. It was also a battle field during the
45:
9702:
9238:
9210:
9155:
9141:
9093:(2012). "Phenotypic and genotypic variation in flowering time in Ethiopian barleys".
9075:
9027:
8874:
8775:
8705:
8669:
8655:
8597:
8570:
8479:
8436:
8386:
8267:
8253:
8226:
8212:
8186:
8172:
8145:
8131:
8104:
7995:
7956:
7893:
7846:
7810:
7796:
7769:
7636:
7622:
7555:
7541:
7413:
7303:
7270:
7192:
7168:
7018:
6950:
6886:
6872:
6723:
6376:
5980:
5673:
5649:
5580:
5568:
5560:
5551:
5524:
5475:'s paradise. Detailed inventories list at least 170 bird species, including numerous
5429:, church buildings and abandoned homesteads. The large colony of bats that roosts in
5307:
5127:
4875:
4814:
4709:
4604:
4087:
3957:
3913:
3753:. Here, in the 1980s, the party established underground rooms and offices cut out in
3717:
3675:
3580:
3530:
3476:
3430:
3198:
3144:
3087:
2668:
2589:
2411:
2407:
2380:
2308:
1175:
854:
256:
145:
9114:
9039:
8754:
8627:
8503:
8344:
7734:
7685:
7089:
5119:
4930:. The following exclosures are managed by the Ethiotrees project in Dogu’a Tembien:
2445:
236:
9794:
9701:
9533:
9472:
9189:
9133:
9102:
9063:
9019:
8974:
8964:
8928:
8897:
8862:
8742:
8647:
8526:
8491:
8402:
8398:
8367:
8332:
8303:
8295:
8245:
8204:
8164:
8123:
8092:
8050:
8027:
8023:
7983:
7946:
7936:
7879:
7788:
7757:
7720:
7712:
7671:
7663:
7614:
7533:
7459:
7299:
7240:
7164:
7116:
7077:
7043:
6864:
6764:
6417:
6108:
5826:
5223:
5004:
4857:
4600:
4562:
4546:
4523:
4423:
3750:
3299:
3035:
3007:
2923:
2684:
2650:
2638:
2584:
2548:
2439:
2435:
1293:
1050:
841:
199:
173:
7121:
7104:
1544:, holding the five villages of Hechi, Addi Qolqwal, May Be'ati, Halah and Tsigaba.
9809:
9505:
9232:
9137:
8866:
8832:
8769:
8699:
8651:
8591:
8564:
8430:
8249:
8208:
8168:
8127:
8054:
7941:
7840:
7792:
7527:
7407:
7393:
7264:
7244:
7186:
7012:
6998:
6976:
6944:
6122:
6017:
5901:
5770:
5681:
5657:
5619:
5536:
5247:
4829:
4257:
4245:
4229:
4205:
4019:
3940:
3843:
3801:
are used to build homesteads and churches, but particularly in the upland areas,
2513:
2497:
2415:
1711:
8371:
8299:
7618:
7047:
6868:
6348:. Ingredients are water, a home-baked and toasted flat bread commonly made from
3633:
layer was ingeniously used. The columns have a slightly cruciform plan and hold
2449:
The Antalo Limestone cliff at Mishlam in the southeastern part of Dogu'a Tembien
9629:
9604:
9467:
9442:
9414:
9409:
7396:, Ethiopian Venture, First phase: Climate Reconstruction (accessed 17 May 2009)
7001:, Tables 2.1, 2.12, 2.19, 3.5, 3.7, 6.3, 6.11, 6.13 (accessed 30 December 2008)
6527:
6523:
6517:
6457:
5881:
Mainly used for draught, there are several cattle landraces in Dogu’a Tembien.
5700:
5656:, which is an intra-tropical breeding migrant of south and east Africa, and of
5596:
5572:
5488:
5443:
5058:
5028:
4805:
4234:
4044:
predict intensified summer rainfall in the future, but decreased spring rains.
3835:
3026:- the visitor will walk over the narrow ledge and then climb the vertical cliff
2622:
2552:
2427:
2423:
2419:
1993:
1209:
or municipalities (status 2019), which have been mapped with their boundaries:
1171:
9194:
9173:
9106:
9067:
8932:
8901:
8495:
7716:
7651:
7537:
5691:
The most regularly observed raptor birds in crop fields in Dogu’a Tembien are
4885:
Wood harvesting and livestock range are not allowed there. Besides effects on
2296:
and 24,591 housing units. The majority of the inhabitants said they practiced
936:
basins; here, the main road is a ridge road and crosses the pass transversally
198:
Dogu’a Tembien holds numerous prehistoric sites, which have been dated to the
9854:
9819:
9784:
9769:
9754:
9709:
9634:
9510:
9447:
9362:
9325:
9272:
9259:
8283:
7700:
6859:
Smidt, W (2019). "A Short History and Ethnography of the Tembien Tigrayans".
6693:
6441:
6357:
6185:
6171:
5919:
5896:
5842:
crops are grown, livestock access all fallow land and harvested cropland for
5716:
5692:
5516:
5468:
5387:
5259:
5211:
5147:
5018:
5008:
4988:
4922:
4910:
4740:
4723:
4671:
4658:
4640:
4627:
4515:
4289:
4271:
4241:
4225:
4209:
4139:
4041:
3976:
3839:
3789:
3703:
3690:
3661:
3648:
3612:
3599:
3566:
3553:
3512:
3499:
3462:
3449:
3416:
3403:
3372:
3359:
3322:
3309:
3273:
3260:
3229:
3216:
3194:
3180:
3167:
3130:
3117:
3099:
3065:
3052:
3031:
2990:
2977:
2948:
2935:
2898:
2885:
2852:
2839:
2810:
2797:
2768:
2755:
2714:
2701:
2611:
2520:
2505:
2461:) planation took place. After that, the deposition of continental sediments (
2327:
As of 2020, Dogu'a Tembien's territory belongs to the following new woredas:
2267:
2254:
2226:
2213:
2185:
2172:
2160:
2144:
2131:
2103:
2090:
2058:
2045:
2023:
2010:
1979:
1966:
1944:
1931:
1903:
1890:
1862:
1849:
1818:
1805:
1777:
1764:
1736:
1723:
1695:
1682:
1670:
1654:
1641:
1629:
1613:
1600:
1572:
1559:
1523:
1510:
1498:
1482:
1469:
1441:
1428:
1400:
1387:
1359:
1346:
1318:
1305:
1277:
1264:
1236:
1223:
1122:
1109:
1081:
1068:
1036:
1023:
994:
981:
957:
944:
919:
906:
881:
868:
817:
804:
783:
770:
741:
728:
699:
686:
643:
630:
602:
589:
561:
548:
520:
507:
496:
479:
466:
455:
438:
425:
397:
384:
356:
343:
318:
305:
277:
264:
203:
165:
95:
7463:
6815:
5994:
5869:
2750:
horizontal gallery is located in a cliff nearby the river of the same name (
9764:
9759:
9614:
9576:
9382:
9127:
9031:
8530:
7960:
7923:; Poesen, Jean; Frankl, Amaury; Tsegay, Alemtsehay; Deckers, Jozef (2019).
7676:
7368:
Catlin, D; Largen, M; Monod, T; Morton, W (1973). "The caves of Ethiopia".
6802:
6548:
6508:
6449:
6413:
6409:
6312:
6091:
6077:
6032:
6021:
5923:
5915:
5885:
5858:
5750:
5708:
5630:
has some red at the base of the bill or an entirely red bill in this area.
5584:
5508:
5500:
5367:
5343:
5319:
5271:
5044:
4994:
4886:
4797:
4735:, a reservoir under construction on Giba river, mainly to provide water to
4550:
4539:
4533:
4504:
4387:
4369:
4358:
4310:
4184:
4099:
4047:
3983:
3108:
3043:
2823:). The entrance near a small church is behind a waterfall 100 meters high.
2547:
In Dogu’a Tembien, there are two main fossil-bearing geological units. The
2485:
2477:
2242:
1252:
762:
578:
8979:
8731:
8308:
7725:
7477:
Plant, R.; Buxton, D. (1970). "Rock-hewn churches of the Tigre province".
9724:
9404:
9174:"Uniqueness of Ethiopian traditional alcoholic beverage of plant origin,
9090:
9007:
6722:. Supplement to Aethiopica. Vol. 1. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
6396:
6344:
6277:
6157:
5892:
5472:
5078:
5048:
4978:
4938:
4177:
4172:
4158:
4146:
4134:
4122:
4110:
3758:
3250:
3152:
3078:) is assumed to be the first monastery established in Ethiopia, by Saint
3018:
2740:
2732:
2728:
2656:
2618:
2607:
2593:
2481:
2387:
2365:
1832:
1588:
7868:"Reservoirs in Tigray: characteristics and sediment deposition problems"
5904:, on the southwestern slopes of Dogu’a Tembien. They are more common in
5126:
Large mammals of Dogu’a Tembien, with scientific (italics), English and
4051:
Mishlam's gully is no longer active because the catchment was reforested
9734:
9558:
9538:
9419:
9399:
6043:
6028:
6003:
5724:
5661:
5235:
5084:
4944:
4909:
project. They have as an additional benefit that the villagers receive
4906:
4753:
4481:
4474:
4469:
4448:
4326:
4294:
4250:
4218:
4081:
4065:
4061:
3825:
3778:
3534:
3484:
3079:
2672:
2614:
2602:
2574:
2528:
2458:
2377:
1416:
674:
8969:
8952:
8478:
Aerts, R; Lerouge, F; November, E; Lens, L; Hermy, M; Muys, B (2008).
8473:
8471:
8009:
8007:
8005:
7667:
6833:
Təgreñña-speakers, in: Uhlig S (ed.): Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, Vol. 4
6768:
3629:, high up near the top to of the mountain. As a roof, a thin covering
9789:
9774:
9452:
9387:
8280:
8096:
7761:
7081:
6678:
6381:
6291:
5834:
5830:
5825:(especially oxen) and also goats, sheep, donkeys, mules and a lonely
5788:
5540:
5464:
5355:
5038:
4850:
4822:
4818:
4732:
4719:
4497:
4490:
4485:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4394:
4350:
4278:
3992:
3963:
3953:
3917:
3885:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3821:
3812:
3798:
3794:
3587:
3351:
3197:
that overlooks Addi Nefas village. This church has also been hewn in
2493:
2466:
2373:
2304:
2072:
1752:
1375:
1197:
1191:
1094:) is not a real pass, but a relatively level ledge between two cliffs
678:
619:
537:
414:
9211:"Gesho (Rhamnus prinoides) cultivation in Northern Ethiopia, Tigray"
8746:
7987:
7884:
7867:
3855:, prepared from rock types that frequently have an elongated shape (
2865:). It contains lithic tools, potsherds, engravings and paintings of
9804:
9639:
8468:
8002:
5783:
5740:
5493:
5331:
4894:
4870:
4801:
4793:
4789:
4696:
gorge, resurgences allow to irrigate gardens with tropical fruits.
4685:
4579:
4567:
4434:
4399:
4151:
4127:
4031:
3908:
3897:
3720:
is a rather primitive rock church, protected from the weather by a
3091:
3003:), a 70-metres long horizontal gallery, holds underground springs.
2927:
2644:
2597:
2563:
2532:
2509:
2454:
2395:
2391:
2383:, that extents to the north and west of the Dogu'a Tembien massif.
2369:
1878:
1151:
215:
169:
75:
9088:
8322:
7570:
7216:. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey.
5587:
breeding residents of woodland edges, scrubland and forest edges.
4853:, areas that are set aside for regreening. Typical examples are:
4071:
9729:
9660:
9644:
9619:
9586:
9581:
9548:
9437:
7823:
7289:
6743:
Aerts, Raf; Finneran, Niall; Haile, Mitiku; Poesen, Jean (2010).
6643:
6353:
6323:
6295:
5962:
5476:
5383:
5171:
5159:
5102:
5095:
5088:
5068:
4984:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4927:
4879:
4736:
4693:
4619:
4615:
4528:
4106:
4094:
3972:
3851:
3805:
is also used. Traditionally, fermented mud will be used as mortar
3721:
3480:
3148:
3094:. The carvers attempted to establish four bays as well as with a
2789:
2626:
2577:
2556:
1547:
1136:
1008:
933:
895:
758:
9006:
8887:
7060:
5761:
4653:) irrigates an oasis in a dry limestone gorge. At Inda Mihtsun (
4022:
to this spatio-temporal variability in rainfall. Given the good
1186:
9834:
9749:
9744:
9739:
8950:
7917:
6349:
6199:
5854:
5839:
5822:
5685:
5135:
4998:
4861:
4689:
4455:
4438:
4354:
4333:
4317:
4301:
4213:
4196:
4115:
4060:
About three quarters of Dogu’a Tembien (800 km) drains to
4035:
3802:
3734:
3726:
3630:
2877:
2831:
2692:
2570:
2473:
2201:
1998:
1837:
1457:
716:
373:
294:
211:
6496:
3533:. The entrance to the church is part of the rock, forming two
2961:). It contains lithic tools, potsherds, and faunal remains of
9543:
9528:
9477:
6659:
6361:
5805:
5677:
5504:
5426:
5390:) are three Ethiopian endemic species: the Dembea grass rat (
4713:
4612:
4462:
4027:
3730:
3538:
2489:
9171:
7405:
7135:
6813:
6027:
Rural youngsters seasonally migrate also to the uninhabited
4813:
trenches, stone bunds, check dams, small reservoirs such as
2930:
at a height of about 2020 metres, is some 13.5 metres long (
9553:
9372:
9367:
9230:
7184:
7154:
6421:
5998:
Slopes of the Giba gorge at Addi Lihtsi, with incense trees
5603:
in gorges and rocky places but also in towns and villages.
5430:
5422:
4748:
Smaller reservoirs (ponds), such as the one in the town of
3901:
3868:
3746:
3475:) is located at the edge of a church forest. It is hewn in
3386:
3291:
3243:
3206:
3083:
3023:
2536:
2399:
1159:
720:
248:
7973:
9024:
10.1579/0044-7447(2008)37[312:FSMAII]2.0.CO;2
8082:
8072:. Hemel Hempstead (U.K.): Hunting Technical Services Ltd.
5511:
can be found feeding in wet grassland and open woodland.
4767:, household ponds, recently constructed through campaigns
9128:
Alemtsehay Tsegay; Berhanu Abrha; Getachew Hruy (2019).
8477:
7370:
Transactions of the Cave Research Group of Great Britain
7102:
6742:
6400:), often in unique settings, all across Dogu'a Tembien.
6057:
There are about 70 schools in the woreda. They include:
3006:
Numerous other unexplored cave entrances are visible in
1162:
in the past; still nowadays, there are Agew speakers in
932:), another pass with several footpaths linking Giba and
9052:
8997:, 3rd edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2002), p. 270
8384:
8357:
7367:
7105:"Geology of the Tekeze River basin (Northern Ethiopia)"
7103:
Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F.; Abebe, B. (2017).
6921:
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft
3842:, are excavated from the river bed and further shaped.
293:
Ekli Imba, 2799 metres, summit of the Arebay massif in
8067:
7828:. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ministry of Mines and Energy.
6267:, structuring debts and management of the households.
5947:, particularly towards remote and vast grazing grounds
5934:
4281:
River, which becomes Bitchoqo River, at the border of
4208:, which becomes Inda Sillasie River, at the border of
2555:) is the largest. Its marine deposits comprise mainly
2880:
at a height of about 2500 metres, is some 64 m long (
2663:
All snail shells, both fossil and recent, are called
2512:
intruded the Mesozoic sediments following joints and
2311:
was spoken as a first language by 99.89%. Concerning
8914:
8428:
7258:
7256:
7254:
451:) (not to be confused with the homonymous monastery)
176:. Nowadays, the mountainous district is part of the
8767:
8641:
7865:
7010:
5765:Highlands (Guyeha ridge) and road in Ayninbirkekin
3956:, typically laid out along the contour for sake of
3737:monkeys are common and prevent growing of bananas.
2291:Based on the 2007 national census conducted by the
172:. It is named in part after the former province of
9130:Major Crops and Cropping Systems in Dogu'a Tembien
8637:
8635:
2410:). Later alluvial plain sediments were deposited (
180:Zone. The administrative centre of this woreda is
8953:"Transhumance in the Tigray highlands (Ethiopia)"
7450:Sauter, R. (1976). "Eglises rupestres du Tigré".
7251:
7233:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
6902:Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes
6835:. Wiesbaden (D.): Harrassowitz. pp. 908–911.
6069:Addi Selam TVET (technical and vocational school)
6006:gorge, the peasants care seasonally for communal
4064:, and the remaining quarter (240 km) to the
2426:, what caused the lowering of large parts of the
9852:
7037:
6900:Littmann, E (1902). "Tigriña-Texte von Tanbên".
6713:
6711:
5873:Crossbred Arado x Holstein-Friesian milk cow in
3846:is done at home using an elongated small boulder
2300:, with 99.89% reporting that as their religion.
8646:. GeoGuide. Springer Nature. pp. 293–300.
8632:
6440:Dogu'a Tembien is bordered on the south by the
3834:: for this purpose plucked-bedrock pits, small
845:Maintenance of footpath towards Ksad Addi Amyuk
152:, "Upper Tembien", sometimes transliterated as
7782:
7698:
7496:
7494:
7492:
7445:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7437:
7435:
7433:
7431:
7429:
6333:
6270:
6042:in the dry season and (until the recent past)
9687:
9302:
9172:Lee, M.; Meron Regu; Semeneh Seleshe (2015).
8921:Animal Genetic Resources Information Bulletin
8821:
8819:
8803:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8791:
8644:Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains
8516:
8455:
8429:Aerts, R.; Lerouge, F.; November, E. (2019).
8117:
8013:
7211:
7180:
7178:
6863:. GeoGuide. Springer Nature. pp. 63–78.
6861:Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains
6708:
6482:
6424:headquarters during the Ethiopian civil war;
2364:led to the growth of a mountain chain in the
2322:
8543:
7866:Nigussie Haregeweyn, and colleagues (2006).
7824:Tesfaye Chernet; Gebretsadiq Eshete (1982).
7568:
7316:
7262:
7011:Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F. (2019).
4030:at elevations above 2400 metres, such as in
3874:In the 1930s, soldiers of the Italian army (
3781:, there is expectedly a varied use of rock.
2788:caves, a cave system opening into the Upper
761:River, underneath the promontory that holds
226:
8040:
7585:
7522:
7520:
7518:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7503:Kirchen im Fels – Entdeckungen in Äthiopien
7489:
7476:
7426:
7406:Seifu Gebreselassie; Lanckriet, S. (2019).
6798:
6796:
6794:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6388:, remains back and is used as cattle feed.
6315:, Dogu'a Tembien is known for the frenetic
6213:
3772:
2911:). It contains engravings and paintings of
9694:
9680:
9309:
9295:
8816:
8788:
8424:
8422:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8412:
8385:Aerts, R; Nyssen, J; Mitiku Haile (2009).
7838:
7575:(Thesis). Canada: Simon Frazer University.
7354:The Zeyi Cave Geosite in Northern Ethiopia
7226:
7175:
6938:
6936:
6934:
6918:
6489:
6475:
6222:Qorrar Däbrä Mädḫanit Qǝddǝst Maryam gädam
5983:, a preferred destination for transhumance
5816:
4006:
3777:As Dogu'a Tembien holds a wide variety of
3769:party had its own headquarters in a cave.
2386:Subsequently, there was the deposition of
1181:
9208:
9193:
8978:
8968:
8881:
8307:
8118:Vancampenhout, K. and colleagues (2019).
7950:
7940:
7883:
7776:
7747:
7724:
7675:
7363:
7361:
7332:Causer, D. (1962). "A cave in Ethiopia".
7120:
6717:
6237:May Bäʿatti Däbrä Gännät ʾArbaʿtu ʾƎnsǝsa
9132:. GeoGuide. Springer. pp. 403–413.
8946:
8944:
8942:
7509:
7214:Geological Map of Ethiopia (1:2,000,000)
7042:. Springer Netherlands. pp. 33–64.
7038:Abbate, E; Bruni, P.; Sagri, M. (2015).
6899:
6791:
6775:
6290:
6243:Qäqäma Qǝddǝst Maryam Däbrä Gännät gädam
5993:
5970:
5868:
5853:
5760:
5481:
5118:
4070:
4046:
4001:
3017:
2444:
1196:
1185:
840:
235:
8853:
8851:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8682:
8621:
8589:
8583:
8519:Soil Science Society of America Journal
8409:
8239:
7911:
7783:Amanuel Zenebe, and colleagues (2019).
7699:Dereje Ashebir, and colleagues (2010).
7604:
7602:
7500:
7349:
7347:
6931:
6231:Tägoga Däbrä Nazret Kidanä Mǝḥrät gädam
5394:, sometimes considered a subspecies of
4821:as well as a major biological measure:
4705:or seepage water. Main reservoirs are:
3987:, used for paving secondary streets in
2508:. Almost at the same time, the Mekelle
2434:occurred, leading to the deposition of
9853:
9342:List of districts in the Tigray Region
9167:
9165:
8987:
8807:
8158:
7839:Walraevens, K. and colleagues (2019).
7649:
7449:
7358:
7331:
7227:Moeyersons, J. and colleagues (2006).
6435:
6408:Hotspots for domestic tourism are the
6305:
5777:
5626:are found in bushy and shrubby areas.
4594:
3876:2nd "28th October" Blackshirt Division
3820:, generally three elongated plates in
2519:A new magma intrusion occurred in the
9861:Populated places in the Tigray Region
9675:
9290:
8939:
8697:
8562:
7608:
6942:
6858:
6854:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6844:
6842:
6830:
6497:Places adjacent to Dogu'a Tembien
6470:
3160:Yohannes rock church at Debre Sema’it
3013:
2480:a broad regional uplift deformed the
2331:Dogu'a Tembien (new, smaller, woreda)
1540:includes the previous Hamushte Kebeb
898:basins, also crossed by the main road
9231:Miruts Hagos and colleagues (2019).
8890:Animal Genetic Resources Information
8838:
8676:
8610:
7750:International Journal of Climatology
7599:
7344:
7185:Miruts Hagos and colleagues (2019).
6817:Guida dell'Africa orientale Italiana
6807:
6504:
6322:Yearly there is the girls’ festival
3838:that naturally occur in rivers with
3793:. Preferentially, the easier shaped
3733:), and a few orange or lemon trees.
3579:) is in a central, smaller peak (in
3337:File:Antalo Limestone at Kurkura.jpg
577:Imba Bete Giyergis, 2390 metres, in
9162:
8590:Reubens, B. and colleagues (2019).
8240:Reubens, B. and colleagues (2019).
7387:"Stalagmite sampling results table"
6258:
5935:Transhumance in the cropping season
5439:Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat
3740:
3242:) is now disused. It was hewn in a
2071:), birthplace of Ethiopian general
1831:), birthplace of Ethiopian emperor
122:1,034 km (399 sq mi)
16:District in Tigray Region, Ethiopia
13:
8915:Merha Zerabruk; Vangen, O (2005).
8337:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x
8159:Frankl, A. and colleagues (2019).
8085:Land Degradation & Development
7650:Frankl, A. and colleagues (2013).
7532:. GeoGuide. SpringerNature. 2019.
7212:Tefera, M.; Chernet, T.; Haro, W.
6839:
6814:Consociazione turistica Italiana.
6720:Churches and Monasteries of Tǝgray
6253:
5989:
5914:and other small towns: Cross-bred
2340:Tanqwa Mellash woreda (part of it)
1150:Place names show that the Tembien
894:), a narrow pass between Giba and
836:
231:
14:
9882:
8957:Mountain Research and Development
8768:Meheretu Yonas; Leirs, H (2019).
8563:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2019).
7609:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2019).
7157:Journal of African Earth Sciences
6970:Census 2007 Tables: Tigray Region
6943:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2019).
5821:Livestock are in the first place
5101:Katina Ruba, near the village of
5077:, near the village of Tukhul, in
4011:Average annual precipitation (in
3900:and feeding, generally hewn from
3884:in Dogu'a Tembien, a metres-wide
3034:, Dogu'a Tembien has a number of
2040:includes the village of Mennawe (
9329:
8995:Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide
8458:East African Journal of Sciences
7976:Land Degradation and Development
7872:Land Degradation and Development
7304:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2010.10.006
7169:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.02.028
6686:
6667:
6651:
6636:
6584:
6562:
6554:
6537:
6364:in the lower areas, some yeast (
5377:
5114:
5094:Gojam Sfra, near the village of
3086:also comprises a church hewn in
3030:Like several other districts in
2876:cave in the village of Mahba in
2683:The vast areas with outcropping
2678:
2539:occurred in the valley bottoms.
2372:break-up led to the presence of
2208:centre in Addi Qeshofo village (
662:
334:Imba Zuw’ala, 2710 metres, near
88:
68:
53:
44:
9224:
9202:
9121:
9089:Yemane Tsehaye; Bjørnstad, Å.;
9082:
9046:
9000:
8908:
8761:
8725:
8691:
8617:EthioTrees on Plan Vivo website
8556:
8537:
8510:
8449:
8378:
8351:
8316:
8274:
8233:
8193:
8152:
8111:
8076:
8061:
8034:
7967:
7900:
7859:
7832:
7826:Hydrogeology of the Mekele area
7817:
7741:
7692:
7643:
7579:
7562:
7470:
7399:
7380:
7325:
7321:. Rome (Italy): R. Accad. Ital.
7317:Merla, G.; Minucci, E. (1938).
7310:
7283:
7263:Lerouge, F.; Aerts, R. (2019).
7220:
7205:
7148:
7129:
7096:
7054:
7031:
7004:
6982:
6979:, Tables 2.1, 2.4, 2.5 and 3.4.
6963:
6420:man-made cave that was used as
5849:
5643:Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-Weaver
5597:Speckled or African rock pigeon
5400:), Ethiopian white-footed rat (
4018:The farmers have adapted their
2573:formations, contain a range of
2502:interbedded lacustrine deposits
2298:Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
1992:), reputedly birthplace of the
1049:) is a place through which the
8861:. Cham: SpringerNature. 2019.
8403:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.006
8028:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.027
6912:
6893:
6824:
6736:
6249:Rubaḵusa Qǝddus Giyorgis gädam
5756:
5595:can be found on steep cliffs;
5492:in the wall of a homestead in
5007:, near the village of Lafa in
4771:
4518:, which becomes Tinsehe R. in
4353:, which becomes Ruba Dirho in
3867:), or that are easily shaped (
2634:silicified lacustrine deposits
1145:
495:Imba Ra’isot, 2590 metres, in
413:Dabba Selama, 2630 metres, in
1:
8628:EthioTrees on Davines website
8484:Biodiversity and Conservation
7319:Missione geologica nel Tigrai
7122:10.1080/17445647.2017.1351907
6701:
6585:
6538:
6298:footbridge on trekking route
5906:Abergele (Ethiopian District)
5888:, the widely dominant variety
5769:or municipality. At the back
4840:
4835:
4699:
4374:Abergele (Ethiopian District)
4338:Abergele (Ethiopian District)
4322:Abergele (Ethiopian District)
3627:Tertiary silicified limestone
3193:) is located in the top of a
3155:was baptised in this church.
2792:River gorge near Addi Idaga (
2484:, leading to the eruption of
2414:). The break-up of Gondwana (
2286:
2085:centre in Inda Maryam Qorar (
454:Imba Dogu’a, 2610 metres, in
247:Tsatsen, 2815 metres, a wide
9138:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_27
9056:Agriculture and Human Values
8867:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_28
8652:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_19
8391:Journal of Arid Environments
8250:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_30
8209:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_26
8169:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_22
8128:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_21
8068:Hunting Technical Services.
8055:10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.006
7942:10.1371/journal.pone.0224041
7793:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_14
7245:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013
6563:
6555:
5811:
5652:is an Ethiopian relative of
4893:, protection from flooding,
3811:of homesteads, generally in
3022:Dabba Selama monastery on a
1205:Dogu’a Tembien comprises 24
221:
7:
8372:10.1016/j.still.2008.05.021
8300:10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011
7619:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_3
7569:Nixon-Darcus, L.A. (2014).
7048:10.1007/978-94-017-8026-1_2
6869:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_4
6677:(central grazing place) in
6454:Hawzen (Ethiopian District)
6416:monasteries as well as the
6352:in the highlands, and from
6271:Gendered division of labour
6228:Tänsǝḥe Kidanä Mǝḥrät gädam
5794:
5533:Abyssinian Slaty Flycatcher
5109:
4607:, there are high discharge
4532:River, downstream from the
3828:, with different tonalities
3429:) is a rock church hewn in
2355:
1554:centre in Addilal village (
1201:Landscape in Hamushte Kebeb
1101:is located on a wide saddle
536:Itay Sara, 2460 metres, in
108:Debub Misraqawi (Southeast)
10:
9887:
9866:Districts of Tigray Region
8835:(accessed 26 January 2009)
8831:November 14, 2009, at the
8683:De Deyn, Jonathan (2019).
7505:. Zürich: Atlantis Verlag.
6997:November 19, 2008, at the
6975:November 14, 2010, at the
6629:
6403:
6286:
6246:Zala ʾƎnda ʾAmanuʾel gädam
6052:
5635:Sudan-Guinea Savanna Biome
4903:non-timber forest products
4780:
4618:. The large resurgence in
3916:. Some very ancient paved
3641:Itsiwto Maryam rock church
3143:) has also been carved in
2735:, decametre-high columns,
2542:
2523:, what gave rise to a few
2350:
2323:2020 woreda reorganisation
2293:Central Statistical Agency
1464:centre in Arebay village (
1135:), remotely located along
191:
187:
19:Woreda in Tigray, Ethiopia
9720:
9653:
9595:
9567:
9519:
9486:
9428:
9348:
9339:
9195:10.1016/j.jef.2015.08.002
9107:10.1007/s10681-012-0764-3
9068:10.1007/s10460-007-9109-6
8933:10.1017/S101423390000184X
8902:10.1017/S1014233900002169
8496:10.1007/s10531-007-9230-2
8360:Soil and Tillage Research
8288:Soil and Tillage Research
7717:10.1017/S0014479709990470
7595:. Addis Ababa University.
7538:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3
6718:Nosnitsin, Denis (2013).
6502:
5633:Species belonging to the
5606:Species belonging to the
5499:Species belonging to the
5184:unstriped ground squirrel
4599:At the lower part of the
4055:
4026:, it is possible to grow
3931:rounded metres-high heaps
3683:Kidane Mihret rock church
3546:Medhanie Alem rock church
3442:Maryam Hibeto rock church
3348:Kidane Mihret rock church
1800:centre in Melfa village (
1636:centre in Mitslal Afras (
1057:– The Italians called it
227:Topography and landscapes
149:
131:
126:
118:
113:
101:
81:
61:
52:
43:
34:
24:
8203:. SpringerNature. 2019.
7705:Experimental Agriculture
7334:Wessex Cave Club Journal
6367:Saccharomyces cerevisiae
6214:Churches and monasteries
6072:Hagere Selam High School
5791:is to support cropping.
5628:Black-billed wood hoopoe
5458:
5408:Awash multimammate mouse
3773:Traditional uses of rock
3041:The almost inaccessible
2422:) led to an extensional
765:monastery, 1763 metres (
372:Aregen, 2660 metres, in
28:
9182:Journal of Ethnic Foods
8546:Journal of the Drylands
8325:Soil Use and Management
7656:Soil Use and Management
7464:10.3406/ethio.1976.1168
6444:woreda, on the west by
6370:), and dried leaves of
6225:Kunale ʾArbaʿtu ʾƎnsǝsa
5817:Importance of livestock
5688:woodlands in the area.
5467:, forest fragments and
5453:Blasius's horseshoe bat
5417:
5403:Stenocephalemys albipes
5011:municipality (45.25 ha)
4776:
4752:, or in the village of
4692:, on the slopes of the
4603:, where it lies on the
4007:Climate and meteorology
3890:First Battle of Tembien
2949:13.621862°N 39.033077°E
2899:13.620592°N 39.051313°E
2853:13.621862°N 39.033077°E
2457:tectonic phase, a new (
1182:Administrative division
1174:, and all have adopted
1055:First Battle of Tembien
853:, what means “neck” in
618:Tsili, 2595 metres, in
8531:10.2136/sssaj2010.0176
6820:. Milano. p. 246.
6456:, on the northeast by
6448:, on the northwest by
6302:
6265:wealth differentiation
6240:ʾAlʿasa Qǝddus Mikaʾel
6234:ʾAräbay Qǝddus Mikaʾel
6035:out of the sediments.
5999:
5984:
5878:
5866:
5774:
5670:Yellow-breasted Barbet
5639:Green-backed eremomela
5577:Brown-rumped Seedeater
5496:
5471:, Dogu’a Tembien is a
5435:Hipposideros megalotis
5392:Arvicanthis dembeensis
5132:Cercopithecus aethiops
5123:
5087:, near the village of
5067:, near the village of
5057:, near the village of
5047:, near the village of
5037:, near the village of
5027:, near the village of
5017:, near the village of
4997:, near the village of
4987:, near the village of
4977:, near the village of
4967:, near the village of
4957:, near the village of
4947:, near the village of
4937:, near the village of
4878:, near the village of
4869:, near the village of
4860:, near the village of
4783:Soil in Dogu'a Tembien
4688:of the river. Also in
4076:
4052:
3881:monumental inscription
3090:, in shape of a small
3044:Dabba Selama monastery
3027:
2926:gorge at the west of
2739:following joints, and
2450:
1885:centre in Addi Bayro (
1844:centre in Addi Gotet (
1382:centre in Addi Idaga (
1341:centre in Addi Werho (
1202:
1194:
846:
241:
6294:
5997:
5974:
5895:oxen, purchased from
5872:
5857:
5764:
5676:are species from the
5654:Lilac-breasted Roller
5601:White-collared Pigeon
5589:White-billed Starling
5521:Abyssinian Woodpecker
5513:Black-winged Lovebird
5485:
5397:Arvicanthis niloticus
5382:The most common pest
5316:Oreotragus oreotragus
5284:white-tailed mongoose
5122:
4729:, constructed in 1998
4716:, constructed in 1993
4378:Addi Selam River, in
4074:
4050:
4002:Climate and hydrology
3895:Troughs for livestock
3613:13.64733°N 39.02583°E
3567:13.71433°N 39.00450°E
3463:13.71117°N 39.10733°E
3417:13.70933°N 39.11350°E
3290:church in freshwater
3286:) is also an ancient
3230:13.59783°N 39.28750°E
3181:13.57700°N 39.03733°E
3066:13.69450°N 39.10050°E
3021:
2687:hold numerous caves.
2569:, interbedded in the
2463:Amba Aradam Formation
2448:
2430:. As a consequence a
1200:
1189:
844:
239:
7586:Gebre Teklu (2012).
7501:Gerster, G. (1972).
6615:Debub Misraqawi Zone
6605:Debub Misraqawi Zone
6575:Debub Misraqawi Zone
6085:Atse Yohannes School
6013:Boswellia papyrifera
5616:White-rumped Babbler
5546:Euphorbia abyssinica
5529:Rüppell's Robin-chat
5519:, Golden-mantled or
5444:Hipposideros tephrus
5081:municipality (36 ha)
4899:carbon sequestration
4237:River, at border of
4221:River, at border of
3912:, generally done as
3725:trees, farmers grow
3704:13.5550°N 39.02400°E
3385:), is surrounded by
3373:13.7417°N 39.20100°E
3294:, and still in use.
3209:Gebri’al rock church
2954:13.621862; 39.033077
2904:13.620592; 39.051313
2858:13.621862; 39.033077
2746:The 145-metres long
2743:on walls and floor.
2560:marine invertebrates
2432:marine transgression
2362:East African Orogeny
2346:Inderta (part of it)
2343:Geralta (part of it)
2126:centre in Da’erere (
1123:13.70267°N 39.1217°E
1082:13.6267°N 39.15417°E
995:13.64583°N 39.2550°E
9625:Shire Inda Selassie
9269: /
8698:Aerts, Raf (2019).
6761:2010Gearc..25..137A
6460:and on the east by
6436:Surrounding woredas
6432:of Dogu'a Tembien.
6306:Music and festivals
6098:Togogwa High School
5975:The “red caves” or
5778:Agricultural system
5666:Black-billed Barbet
5612:Hemprich's Hornbill
5565:Grey-headed Sparrow
5412:Mastomys awashensis
5296:large grey mongoose
5292:Herpestes ichneumon
5280:Ichneumia albicauda
5256:Civettictis civetta
5200:black-backed jackal
4668: /
4637: /
4595:Karstic resurgences
4556:Kidane Mihret River
4542:, at the border of
4477:, at the border of
4297:, at the border of
4102:, at the border of
4024:chilling conditions
3761:in 1991. In nearby
3700: /
3658: /
3609: /
3592:Geramba rock church
3563: /
3509: /
3459: /
3413: /
3369: /
3319: /
3270: /
3226: /
3177: /
3127: /
3107:Amani’el church in
3062: /
2987: /
2945: /
2895: /
2849: /
2807: /
2765: /
2711: /
2654:; and land snails (
2567:lacustrine deposits
2442:and Agula Shale).
2404:Edaga Arbi Glacials
2374:tectonic structures
2317:sanitary conditions
2264: /
2249:centre in Togogwa (
2223: /
2182: /
2167:centre in Migichi (
2141: /
2100: /
2055: /
2020: /
2005:centre in Dengolo (
1980:13.5900°N 39.0283°E
1976: /
1941: /
1900: /
1859: /
1815: /
1774: /
1733: /
1718:centre in Megesta (
1692: /
1651: /
1610: /
1569: /
1520: /
1479: /
1438: /
1423:centre in Kelkele (
1397: /
1356: /
1315: /
1300:centre in Guderbo (
1274: /
1237:13.6483°N 39.1783°E
1233: /
1119: /
1078: /
1033: /
1013:Ethiopian Civil War
991: /
958:13.6550°N 39.1717°E
954: /
916: /
878: /
814: /
780: /
738: /
696: /
640: /
599: /
558: /
517: /
476: /
435: /
394: /
353: /
315: /
274: /
178:Southeastern Tigray
9597:North Western Zone
9488:South Eastern Zone
9237:. SpringerNature.
8808:Naudts, J (2002).
8774:. SpringerNature.
8704:. SpringerNature.
8596:. SpringerNature.
8569:. SpringerNature.
8435:. SpringerNature.
8244:. SpringerNature.
8163:. SpringerNature.
8122:. SpringerNature.
7921:Kindeya Gebrehiwot
7845:. SpringerNature.
7787:. SpringerNature.
7613:. SpringerNature.
7452:Annales d'Ethiopie
7412:. SpringerNature.
7392:2016-03-04 at the
7269:. SpringerNature.
7191:. SpringerNature.
7017:. SpringerNature.
6949:. SpringerNature.
6452:, on the north by
6380:) that serve as a
6338:local beer culture
6303:
6281:division of labour
6040:internal migration
6000:
5985:
5879:
5867:
5775:
5733:Yellow-billed kite
5684:but also occur in
5608:Somali-Masai Biome
5593:Little Rock Thrush
5497:
5463:With its numerous
5449:Rhinolophus blasii
5364:Mellivora capensis
5124:
4891:water infiltration
4867:Harehuwa exclosure
4342:Zeleqwa River, in
4201:Rubaksa River, in
4190:Addi Keshofo River
4077:
4053:
3618:13.64733; 39.02583
3572:13.71433; 39.00450
3468:13.71117; 39.10733
3435:Ethiopian calendar
3422:13.70933; 39.11350
3343:in the mid-1930s.
3235:13.59783; 39.28750
3186:13.57700; 39.03733
3131:13.667°N 39.0900°E
3071:13.69450; 39.10050
3036:rock-hewn churches
3028:
3014:Rock-hewn churches
2963:Pastoral Neolithic
2913:Pastoral Neolithic
2867:Pastoral Neolithic
2453:At the end of the
2451:
1926:centre in Kerene (
1759:centre in Maygua (
1677:centre in Ma’idi (
1595:centre in Tukhul (
1218:, woreda capital (
1203:
1195:
1037:13.7367°N 39.217°E
847:
242:
208:Pastoral Neolithic
194:History of Tembien
132: • Total
119: • Total
9848:
9847:
9669:
9668:
9273:13.500°N 39.250°E
9244:978-3-030-04954-6
9147:978-3-030-04954-6
8970:10.1659/mrd.00033
8781:978-3-030-04954-6
8735:Wildlife Research
8711:978-3-030-04954-6
8661:978-3-030-04954-6
8603:978-3-030-04954-6
8576:978-3-030-04954-6
8442:978-3-030-04954-6
8259:978-3-030-04954-6
8218:978-3-030-04954-6
8178:978-3-030-04954-6
8137:978-3-030-04954-6
7852:978-3-030-04954-6
7802:978-3-030-04954-6
7668:10.1111/sum.12041
7628:978-3-030-04954-6
7547:978-3-030-04954-6
7479:Ethiopia Observer
7419:978-3-030-04954-6
7276:978-3-030-04954-6
7198:978-3-030-04954-6
7024:978-3-030-04954-6
6956:978-3-030-04954-6
6878:978-3-030-04954-6
6831:Smidt, W (2010).
6769:10.1002/gea.20299
6729:978-3-447-06969-4
6626:
6625:
6621:
6620:
6377:Rhamnus prinoides
6151:May Sa'iri school
5981:Adigrat Sandstone
5928:Holstein-Friesian
5863:aftermath grazing
5713:Aquila nipalensis
5674:Grey-headed Batis
5664:passage migrant.
5650:Abyssinian Roller
5581:Streaky Seedeater
5569:Baglafecht Weaver
5561:Dusky Turtle Dove
5557:Erckel's spurfowl
5552:Juniperus procera
5525:Montane White-eye
5425:occur in natural
5308:crested porcupine
5232:Procavia capensis
5128:Tigrinya language
4876:Khunale exclosure
4710:Chini (reservoir)
4672:13.550°N 39.350°E
4641:13.583°N 39.233°E
4605:Adigrat Sandstone
4166:Ruba Bich'i River
3958:soil conservation
3718:Adigrat Sandstone
3709:13.5550; 39.02400
3676:Adigrat Sandstone
3662:13.667°N 39.017°E
3581:Adigrat Sandstone
3548:in Mt. Werqamba (
3531:Adigrat Sandstone
3513:13.717°N 39.067°E
3477:Adigrat Sandstone
3431:Adigrat Sandstone
3378:13.7417; 39.20100
3323:13.667°N 39.150°E
3274:13.600°N 39.300°E
3253:'s village church
3199:Adigrat Sandstone
3145:Adigrat Sandstone
3088:Adigrat Sandstone
2991:13.517°N 39.233°E
2811:13.700°N 39.200°E
2769:13.633°N 39.117°E
2715:13.550°N 39.150°E
2669:Tigrinya language
2590:Paracenoceratidae
2412:Adigrat Sandstone
2408:Enticho Sandstone
2400:glacial sediments
2381:planation surface
2268:13.567°N 39.300°E
2227:13.550°N 39.250°E
2186:13.550°N 39.200°E
2145:13.583°N 39.183°E
2104:13.583°N 39.133°E
2059:13.567°N 39.100°E
2024:13.567°N 39.117°E
1945:13.583°N 39.050°E
1904:13.583°N 39.083°E
1863:13.617°N 39.100°E
1819:13.633°N 39.133°E
1778:13.617°N 39.133°E
1737:13.617°N 39.200°E
1696:13.617°N 39.267°E
1655:13.650°N 39.367°E
1614:13.633°N 39.333°E
1573:13.683°N 39.317°E
1524:13.667°N 39.233°E
1505:centre in Halah (
1483:13.717°N 39.283°E
1442:13.717°N 39.300°E
1401:13.700°N 39.200°E
1360:13.667°N 39.200°E
1319:13.650°N 39.150°E
1278:13.667°N 39.100°E
1190:Tsili village in
1128:13.70267; 39.1217
1087:13.6267; 39.15417
1000:13.64583; 39.2550
939:Ksad Addi Amyuk (
920:13.667°N 39.217°E
882:13.667°N 39.250°E
855:Tigrinya language
818:13.617°N 39.017°E
784:13.700°N 39.083°E
742:13.800°N 39.233°E
700:13.483°N 39.117°E
644:13.733°N 39.183°E
603:13.500°N 39.317°E
562:13.717°N 39.167°E
521:13.667°N 39.250°E
480:13.617°N 39.267°E
439:13.717°N 39.200°E
398:13.617°N 39.083°E
357:13.650°N 39.183°E
319:13.717°N 39.267°E
278:13.617°N 39.167°E
257:Inda Maryam Qorar
139:
138:
9878:
9795:Mahbere Sillasie
9706:(municipalities)
9696:
9689:
9682:
9673:
9672:
9473:Saesi Tsaedaemba
9334:
9333:
9332:
9311:
9304:
9297:
9288:
9287:
9284:
9283:
9281:
9280:
9279:
9274:
9270:
9267:
9266:
9265:
9262:
9249:
9248:
9228:
9222:
9221:
9219:
9217:
9206:
9200:
9199:
9197:
9169:
9160:
9159:
9125:
9119:
9118:
9086:
9080:
9079:
9050:
9044:
9043:
9004:
8998:
8991:
8985:
8984:
8982:
8972:
8948:
8937:
8936:
8912:
8906:
8905:
8885:
8879:
8878:
8855:
8836:
8823:
8814:
8813:
8805:
8786:
8785:
8765:
8759:
8758:
8729:
8723:
8722:
8720:
8718:
8695:
8689:
8688:
8680:
8674:
8673:
8639:
8630:
8625:
8619:
8614:
8608:
8607:
8587:
8581:
8580:
8560:
8554:
8553:
8541:
8535:
8534:
8514:
8508:
8507:
8475:
8466:
8465:
8453:
8447:
8446:
8426:
8407:
8406:
8382:
8376:
8375:
8355:
8349:
8348:
8320:
8314:
8313:
8311:
8278:
8272:
8271:
8237:
8231:
8230:
8197:
8191:
8190:
8156:
8150:
8149:
8115:
8109:
8108:
8097:10.1002/ldr.2336
8080:
8074:
8073:
8065:
8059:
8058:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8022:(3–4): 291–314.
8011:
8000:
7999:
7971:
7965:
7964:
7954:
7944:
7935:(10): e0224041.
7915:
7909:
7904:
7898:
7897:
7887:
7863:
7857:
7856:
7836:
7830:
7829:
7821:
7815:
7814:
7780:
7774:
7773:
7762:10.1002/joc.4074
7756:(7): 1534–1542.
7745:
7739:
7738:
7728:
7696:
7690:
7689:
7679:
7647:
7641:
7640:
7606:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7583:
7577:
7576:
7566:
7560:
7559:
7524:
7507:
7506:
7498:
7487:
7486:
7474:
7468:
7467:
7447:
7424:
7423:
7403:
7397:
7384:
7378:
7377:
7365:
7356:
7351:
7342:
7341:
7329:
7323:
7322:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7298:(2–3): 195–214.
7287:
7281:
7280:
7260:
7249:
7248:
7239:(1–2): 162–178.
7224:
7218:
7217:
7209:
7203:
7202:
7182:
7173:
7172:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7133:
7127:
7126:
7124:
7100:
7094:
7093:
7082:10.1130/G36347.1
7067:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7008:
7002:
6992:, Vol. 1, part 1
6986:
6980:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6940:
6929:
6928:
6916:
6910:
6909:
6897:
6891:
6890:
6856:
6837:
6836:
6828:
6822:
6821:
6811:
6805:
6800:
6789:
6784:
6773:
6772:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6715:
6690:
6671:
6655:
6640:
6588:
6587:
6566:
6565:
6558:
6557:
6541:
6540:
6505:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6468:
6467:
6259:Cattle ownership
6109:Mahbere Sillasie
5737:Milvus aegyptius
5624:Rüppell's Weaver
5563:, Swainson's or
5328:Orycteropus afer
5304:Hystrix cristata
5244:Felis silvestris
5224:hamadryas baboon
5186:, ምጹጽላይ or ጨጨራ (
4858:Adawro exclosure
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4664:
4661:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4601:Antalo Limestone
4563:Mahbere Sillasie
4547:Mahbere Sillasie
4524:Mahbere Sillasie
4265:May Be'ati River
4020:cropping systems
3849:Door and window
3741:Other hewn caves
3715:
3714:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3651:
3635:bracket capitals
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3502:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3452:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3334:
3333:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3173:
3170:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3008:Antalo Limestone
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2800:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2685:Antalo Limestone
2651:Pirenella conica
2639:Pila (gastropod)
2632:In the Tertiary
2585:Antalo Limestone
2549:Antalo Limestone
2440:Antalo Limestone
2436:marine sediments
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2013:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1985:13.5900; 39.0283
1981:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1961:includes Arefa (
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1893:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1808:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1666:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1294:Mahbere Sillasie
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1267:
1259:centre in Zala (
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1242:13.6483; 39.1783
1238:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1168:slaves and serfs
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
989:
988:
987:
984:
969:
968:
966:
965:
964:
963:13.6550; 39.1717
959:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
931:
930:
928:
927:
926:
921:
917:
914:
913:
912:
909:
893:
892:
890:
889:
888:
883:
879:
876:
875:
874:
871:
829:
828:
826:
825:
824:
819:
815:
812:
811:
810:
807:
795:
794:
792:
791:
790:
785:
781:
778:
777:
776:
773:
753:
752:
750:
749:
748:
743:
739:
736:
735:
734:
731:
719:River, north of
711:
710:
708:
707:
706:
701:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
655:
654:
652:
651:
650:
645:
641:
638:
637:
636:
633:
614:
613:
611:
610:
609:
604:
600:
597:
596:
595:
592:
573:
572:
570:
569:
568:
563:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
532:
531:
529:
528:
527:
522:
518:
515:
514:
513:
510:
491:
490:
488:
487:
486:
481:
477:
474:
473:
472:
469:
450:
449:
447:
446:
445:
440:
436:
433:
432:
431:
428:
409:
408:
406:
405:
404:
399:
395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
368:
367:
365:
364:
363:
358:
354:
351:
350:
349:
346:
330:
329:
327:
326:
325:
320:
316:
313:
312:
311:
308:
289:
288:
286:
285:
284:
279:
275:
272:
271:
270:
267:
200:Middle Stone Age
151:
94:
92:
91:
74:
72:
71:
57:
48:
22:
21:
9886:
9885:
9881:
9880:
9879:
9877:
9876:
9875:
9851:
9850:
9849:
9844:
9716:
9700:
9670:
9665:
9649:
9610:La'ilay Adiyabo
9591:
9563:
9515:
9506:Hintalo Wajirat
9482:
9424:
9395:La'ilay Maychew
9344:
9335:
9330:
9328:
9315:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9252:
9245:
9229:
9225:
9215:
9213:
9209:Abadi Berhane.
9207:
9203:
9170:
9163:
9148:
9126:
9122:
9087:
9083:
9051:
9047:
9005:
9001:
8993:Philip Briggs,
8992:
8988:
8949:
8940:
8913:
8909:
8886:
8882:
8857:
8856:
8839:
8833:Wayback Machine
8824:
8817:
8806:
8789:
8782:
8766:
8762:
8747:10.1071/WR14121
8730:
8726:
8716:
8714:
8712:
8696:
8692:
8681:
8677:
8662:
8640:
8633:
8626:
8622:
8615:
8611:
8604:
8588:
8584:
8577:
8561:
8557:
8542:
8538:
8515:
8511:
8476:
8469:
8454:
8450:
8443:
8427:
8410:
8383:
8379:
8356:
8352:
8321:
8317:
8279:
8275:
8260:
8238:
8234:
8219:
8199:
8198:
8194:
8179:
8157:
8153:
8138:
8116:
8112:
8081:
8077:
8066:
8062:
8039:
8035:
8012:
8003:
7988:10.1002/ldr.840
7972:
7968:
7916:
7912:
7905:
7901:
7885:10.1002/ldr.698
7864:
7860:
7853:
7837:
7833:
7822:
7818:
7803:
7781:
7777:
7746:
7742:
7697:
7693:
7677:1854/LU-3123393
7648:
7644:
7629:
7607:
7600:
7592:
7584:
7580:
7567:
7563:
7548:
7526:
7525:
7510:
7499:
7490:
7475:
7471:
7448:
7427:
7420:
7404:
7400:
7394:Wayback Machine
7385:
7381:
7366:
7359:
7352:
7345:
7330:
7326:
7315:
7311:
7292:J Afr Earth Sci
7288:
7284:
7277:
7261:
7252:
7225:
7221:
7210:
7206:
7199:
7183:
7176:
7153:
7149:
7134:
7130:
7109:Journal of Maps
7101:
7097:
7065:
7059:
7055:
7036:
7032:
7025:
7009:
7005:
6999:Wayback Machine
6987:
6983:
6977:Wayback Machine
6968:
6964:
6957:
6941:
6932:
6917:
6913:
6898:
6894:
6879:
6857:
6840:
6829:
6825:
6812:
6808:
6801:
6792:
6785:
6776:
6741:
6737:
6730:
6716:
6709:
6704:
6697:
6691:
6682:
6672:
6663:
6656:
6647:
6641:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6596:Tanqua Abergele
6567:
6498:
6495:
6438:
6406:
6340:
6308:
6289:
6273:
6261:
6256:
6254:Rural sociology
6216:
6211:
6055:
6020:, and later to
6018:pharaonic Egypt
5992:
5990:Off-farm income
5937:
5902:Abergele cattle
5897:Southern Tigray
5852:
5844:stubble grazing
5819:
5814:
5797:
5780:
5759:
5721:Falco biarmicus
5682:Northern Africa
5658:European Roller
5620:Somali Starling
5537:Tacazze Sunbird
5461:
5433:cave comprises
5420:
5380:
5340:Genetta genetta
5248:African wildcat
5220:Papio hamadryas
5196:Canis mesomelas
5168:Panthera pardus
5156:Caracal caracal
5144:Crocuta crocuta
5117:
5112:
4921:, as part of a
4920:
4843:
4838:
4830:soil management
4785:
4779:
4774:
4702:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4667:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4654:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4623:
4611:that drain the
4597:
4075:Rubaksa gardens
4058:
4009:
4004:
3941:Contour bunding
3836:rock-cut basins
3775:
3743:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3699:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3685:of Addi Nefas (
3666:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3644:
3617:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3571:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:The newly hewn
3517:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3492:Welegesa church
3467:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3368:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3341:Tembien battles
3327:
3325:
3321:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3305:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3256:
3234:
3232:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3136:13.667; 39.0900
3135:
3133:
3129:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3016:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2986:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2953:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2931:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2815:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2764:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2681:
2671:, which means ‘
2545:
2535:and freshwater
2416:Late Palaeozoic
2358:
2353:
2325:
2289:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1867:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1760:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1487:
1485:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1424:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1219:
1184:
1148:
1127:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1042:13.7367; 39.217
1041:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1019:
999:
997:
993:
990:
985:
982:
980:
978:
977:
976:Ksad Mederbay (
962:
960:
956:
953:
948:
945:
943:
941:
940:
924:
922:
918:
915:
910:
907:
905:
903:
902:
886:
884:
880:
877:
872:
869:
867:
865:
864:
839:
837:Mountain passes
822:
820:
816:
813:
808:
805:
803:
801:
800:
788:
786:
782:
779:
774:
771:
769:
767:
766:
746:
744:
740:
737:
732:
729:
727:
725:
724:
723:, 1720 metres (
704:
702:
698:
695:
690:
687:
685:
683:
682:
681:, 1406 metres (
665:
648:
646:
642:
639:
634:
631:
629:
627:
626:
607:
605:
601:
598:
593:
590:
588:
586:
585:
566:
564:
560:
557:
552:
549:
547:
545:
544:
525:
523:
519:
516:
511:
508:
506:
504:
503:
484:
482:
478:
475:
470:
467:
465:
463:
462:
443:
441:
437:
434:
429:
426:
424:
422:
421:
402:
400:
396:
393:
388:
385:
383:
381:
380:
361:
359:
355:
352:
347:
344:
342:
340:
339:
323:
321:
317:
314:
309:
306:
304:
302:
301:
282:
280:
276:
273:
268:
265:
263:
261:
260:
234:
232:Major mountains
229:
224:
196:
190:
89:
87:
69:
67:
39:
30:
27:
20:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9884:
9874:
9873:
9871:Dogu'a Tembien
9868:
9863:
9846:
9845:
9843:
9842:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9797:
9792:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9732:
9727:
9721:
9718:
9717:
9710:Dogu’a Tembien
9699:
9698:
9691:
9684:
9676:
9667:
9666:
9664:
9663:
9657:
9655:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9647:
9642:
9637:
9632:
9630:Tahtay Adiyabo
9627:
9622:
9617:
9612:
9607:
9605:Asgede Tsimbla
9601:
9599:
9593:
9592:
9590:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9573:
9571:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9536:
9531:
9525:
9523:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9513:
9508:
9503:
9498:
9496:Dogu'a Tembien
9492:
9490:
9484:
9483:
9481:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9468:Kilte Awulaelo
9465:
9460:
9455:
9450:
9445:
9443:Atsbi Wenberta
9440:
9434:
9432:
9426:
9425:
9423:
9422:
9417:
9415:Tanqua Millash
9412:
9410:Tahtay Maychew
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9391:
9390:
9380:
9375:
9370:
9365:
9360:
9354:
9352:
9346:
9345:
9340:
9337:
9336:
9314:
9313:
9306:
9299:
9291:
9278:13.500; 39.250
9251:
9250:
9243:
9223:
9201:
9188:(3): 110–114.
9161:
9146:
9120:
9101:(3): 309–323.
9081:
9062:(3): 433–452.
9045:
9018:(4): 312–321.
8999:
8986:
8980:1854/LU-854326
8963:(3): 255–264.
8938:
8907:
8880:
8837:
8815:
8787:
8780:
8760:
8741:(2): 158–164.
8724:
8710:
8690:
8675:
8660:
8631:
8620:
8609:
8602:
8582:
8575:
8555:
8536:
8525:(1): 246–256.
8509:
8467:
8448:
8441:
8408:
8397:(8): 762–763.
8377:
8366:(2): 257–264.
8350:
8315:
8309:1854/LU-378900
8294:(1): 151–163.
8273:
8258:
8232:
8217:
8192:
8177:
8151:
8136:
8110:
8091:(7): 759–794.
8075:
8060:
8033:
8001:
7982:(3): 257–274.
7966:
7910:
7899:
7858:
7851:
7831:
7816:
7801:
7775:
7740:
7726:1854/LU-834379
7691:
7662:(3): 374–383.
7642:
7627:
7598:
7578:
7561:
7546:
7508:
7488:
7469:
7425:
7418:
7398:
7379:
7357:
7343:
7324:
7309:
7282:
7275:
7250:
7219:
7204:
7197:
7174:
7147:
7138:Mem. Sci. Geol
7128:
7115:(2): 621–631.
7095:
7076:(3): 323–326.
7053:
7030:
7023:
7003:
6981:
6962:
6955:
6930:
6911:
6892:
6877:
6838:
6823:
6806:
6790:
6774:
6755:(1): 137–148.
6749:Geoarchaeology
6735:
6728:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6700:
6699:
6698:
6696:church forest.
6692:
6685:
6683:
6673:
6666:
6664:
6657:
6650:
6648:
6642:
6635:
6631:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6618:
6608:
6598:
6592:
6591:
6589:
6582:
6579:
6578:
6568:
6560:Dogu'a Tembien
6553:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6528:Misraqawi Zone
6524:Kilte Awulaelo
6521:
6518:Misraqawi Zone
6511:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6493:
6486:
6479:
6471:
6458:Kilte Awulaelo
6437:
6434:
6430:municipalities
6405:
6402:
6339:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6327:
6320:
6307:
6304:
6288:
6285:
6272:
6269:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6250:
6247:
6244:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6226:
6223:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6182:
6181:
6179:Ra'isot school
6168:
6167:
6165:Afedena school
6154:
6153:
6140:
6139:
6105:
6104:
6099:
6088:
6087:
6074:
6073:
6070:
6059:
6054:
6051:
6031:area, to wash
5991:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5966:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5948:
5936:
5933:
5932:
5931:
5908:
5899:
5889:
5851:
5848:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5796:
5793:
5779:
5776:
5758:
5755:
5729:Milvus migrans
5701:Common Buzzard
5660:, an uncommon
5573:African Citril
5489:Columba guinea
5469:church forests
5460:
5457:
5419:
5416:
5379:
5376:
5352:Lepus capensis
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5082:
5072:
5062:
5059:Tahtay Sesemat
5052:
5042:
5032:
5022:
5012:
5002:
4992:
4982:
4972:
4962:
4952:
4942:
4918:
4911:carbon credits
4883:
4882:
4873:
4864:
4849:holds several
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4806:organic matter
4781:Main article:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4768:
4762:
4756:
4746:
4730:
4722:reservoir, in
4717:
4701:
4698:
4677:13.550; 39.350
4646:13.583; 39.233
4596:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4577:
4565:
4553:
4511:May Leiba, in
4509:
4508:
4507:
4488:
4472:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4421:
4409:
4397:
4385:
4365:River, in the
4340:
4324:
4308:
4292:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4248:
4199:
4187:
4175:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4113:
4097:
4088:Ch'eqofo River
4057:
4054:
4042:Climate models
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3980:
3960:
3937:
3927:
3921:
3914:community work
3904:
3892:
3872:
3847:
3829:
3815:
3806:
3774:
3771:
3742:
3739:
3729:, local hops (
3667:13.667; 39.017
3518:13.717; 39.067
3328:13.667; 39.150
3297:The church of
3279:13.600; 39.300
3015:
3012:
2996:13.517; 39.233
2816:13.700; 39.200
2774:13.633; 39.117
2720:13.550; 39.150
2680:
2677:
2623:coral colonies
2553:upper Jurassic
2544:
2541:
2531:deposition of
2428:Horn of Africa
2424:tectonic phase
2420:Early Triassic
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2332:
2324:
2321:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2273:13.567; 39.300
2240:
2232:13.550; 39.250
2199:
2191:13.550; 39.200
2158:
2150:13.583; 39.183
2117:
2109:13.583; 39.133
2076:
2064:13.567; 39.100
2029:13.567; 39.117
1996:
1994:Queen of Sheba
1950:13.583; 39.050
1917:
1909:13.583; 39.083
1876:
1868:13.617; 39.100
1835:
1824:13.633; 39.133
1791:
1783:13.617; 39.133
1750:
1742:13.617; 39.200
1709:
1701:13.617; 39.267
1668:
1660:13.650; 39.367
1627:
1619:13.633; 39.333
1586:
1578:13.683; 39.317
1545:
1529:13.667; 39.233
1496:
1488:13.717; 39.283
1455:
1447:13.717; 39.300
1414:
1406:13.700; 39.200
1373:
1365:13.667; 39.200
1332:
1324:13.650; 39.150
1291:
1283:13.667; 39.100
1250:
1183:
1180:
1172:discrimination
1147:
1144:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1104:Ksad Korowya (
1102:
1095:
1061:
1016:
974:
937:
925:13.667; 39.217
899:
887:13.667; 39.250
838:
835:
834:
833:
832:
831:
823:13.617; 39.017
797:
789:13.700; 39.083
755:
747:13.800; 39.233
713:
705:13.483; 39.117
664:
661:
660:
659:
658:
657:
649:13.733; 39.183
616:
608:13.500; 39.317
575:
567:13.717; 39.167
534:
526:13.667; 39.250
493:
485:13.617; 39.267
452:
444:13.717; 39.200
411:
403:13.617; 39.083
370:
362:13.650; 39.183
332:
324:13.717; 39.267
291:
283:13.617; 39.167
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
192:Main article:
189:
186:
142:Dogu'a Tembien
137:
136:
133:
129:
128:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
85:
79:
78:
65:
59:
58:
50:
49:
41:
40:
35:
32:
31:
26:Dogu'a Tembien
25:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9883:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9858:
9856:
9841:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9820:Mizane Birhan
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9796:
9793:
9791:
9788:
9786:
9785:Inda Sillasie
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9770:Emni Ankelalu
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9755:Ayninbirkekin
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9731:
9728:
9726:
9723:
9722:
9719:
9714:
9711:
9707:
9705:
9697:
9692:
9690:
9685:
9683:
9678:
9677:
9674:
9662:
9659:
9658:
9656:
9654:Special Zones
9652:
9646:
9643:
9641:
9638:
9636:
9635:Tahtay Koraro
9633:
9631:
9628:
9626:
9623:
9621:
9618:
9616:
9613:
9611:
9608:
9606:
9603:
9602:
9600:
9598:
9594:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9570:
9566:
9560:
9557:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9545:
9542:
9540:
9537:
9535:
9532:
9530:
9527:
9526:
9524:
9522:
9521:Southern Zone
9518:
9512:
9511:Saharti Samre
9509:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9497:
9494:
9493:
9491:
9489:
9485:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9464:
9461:
9459:
9456:
9454:
9451:
9449:
9448:Ganta Afeshum
9446:
9444:
9441:
9439:
9436:
9435:
9433:
9431:
9427:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9389:
9386:
9385:
9384:
9381:
9379:
9376:
9374:
9371:
9369:
9366:
9364:
9361:
9359:
9356:
9355:
9353:
9351:
9347:
9343:
9338:
9327:
9326:Tigray Region
9323:
9319:
9312:
9307:
9305:
9300:
9298:
9293:
9292:
9289:
9285:
9282:
9246:
9240:
9236:
9235:
9227:
9212:
9205:
9196:
9191:
9187:
9183:
9179:
9177:
9168:
9166:
9157:
9153:
9149:
9143:
9139:
9135:
9131:
9124:
9116:
9112:
9108:
9104:
9100:
9096:
9092:
9085:
9077:
9073:
9069:
9065:
9061:
9057:
9049:
9041:
9037:
9033:
9029:
9025:
9021:
9017:
9013:
9009:
9003:
8996:
8990:
8981:
8976:
8971:
8966:
8962:
8958:
8954:
8947:
8945:
8943:
8934:
8930:
8926:
8922:
8918:
8911:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8891:
8884:
8876:
8872:
8868:
8864:
8860:
8854:
8852:
8850:
8848:
8846:
8844:
8842:
8834:
8830:
8827:
8822:
8820:
8811:
8804:
8802:
8800:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8783:
8777:
8773:
8772:
8764:
8756:
8752:
8748:
8744:
8740:
8736:
8728:
8713:
8707:
8703:
8702:
8694:
8686:
8679:
8671:
8667:
8663:
8657:
8653:
8649:
8645:
8638:
8636:
8629:
8624:
8618:
8613:
8605:
8599:
8595:
8594:
8586:
8578:
8572:
8568:
8567:
8559:
8551:
8547:
8540:
8532:
8528:
8524:
8520:
8513:
8505:
8501:
8497:
8493:
8489:
8485:
8481:
8474:
8472:
8463:
8459:
8452:
8444:
8438:
8434:
8433:
8425:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8417:
8415:
8413:
8404:
8400:
8396:
8392:
8388:
8381:
8373:
8369:
8365:
8361:
8354:
8346:
8342:
8338:
8334:
8330:
8326:
8319:
8310:
8305:
8301:
8297:
8293:
8289:
8285:
8277:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8255:
8251:
8247:
8243:
8236:
8228:
8224:
8220:
8214:
8210:
8206:
8202:
8196:
8188:
8184:
8180:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8162:
8155:
8147:
8143:
8139:
8133:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8114:
8106:
8102:
8098:
8094:
8090:
8086:
8079:
8071:
8064:
8056:
8052:
8048:
8044:
8037:
8029:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8010:
8008:
8006:
7997:
7993:
7989:
7985:
7981:
7977:
7970:
7962:
7958:
7953:
7948:
7943:
7938:
7934:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7914:
7908:
7903:
7895:
7891:
7886:
7881:
7877:
7873:
7869:
7862:
7854:
7848:
7844:
7843:
7835:
7827:
7820:
7812:
7808:
7804:
7798:
7794:
7790:
7786:
7779:
7771:
7767:
7763:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7744:
7736:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7718:
7714:
7710:
7706:
7702:
7695:
7687:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7669:
7665:
7661:
7657:
7653:
7646:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7624:
7620:
7616:
7612:
7605:
7603:
7591:
7590:
7582:
7574:
7573:
7565:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7543:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7530:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7515:
7513:
7504:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7484:
7480:
7473:
7465:
7461:
7457:
7453:
7446:
7444:
7442:
7440:
7438:
7436:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7421:
7415:
7411:
7410:
7402:
7395:
7391:
7388:
7383:
7375:
7371:
7364:
7362:
7355:
7350:
7348:
7339:
7335:
7328:
7320:
7313:
7305:
7301:
7297:
7293:
7286:
7278:
7272:
7268:
7267:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7246:
7242:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7223:
7215:
7208:
7200:
7194:
7190:
7189:
7181:
7179:
7170:
7166:
7162:
7158:
7151:
7143:
7139:
7132:
7123:
7118:
7114:
7110:
7106:
7099:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7034:
7026:
7020:
7016:
7015:
7007:
7000:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6985:
6978:
6974:
6971:
6966:
6958:
6952:
6948:
6947:
6939:
6937:
6935:
6926:
6922:
6915:
6907:
6903:
6896:
6888:
6884:
6880:
6874:
6870:
6866:
6862:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6845:
6843:
6834:
6827:
6819:
6818:
6810:
6804:
6799:
6797:
6795:
6788:
6783:
6781:
6779:
6770:
6766:
6762:
6758:
6754:
6750:
6746:
6739:
6731:
6725:
6721:
6714:
6712:
6707:
6695:
6689:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6670:
6665:
6661:
6658:View on Ksad
6654:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6606:
6602:
6601:Saharti Samre
6599:
6597:
6594:
6593:
6590:
6583:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6561:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6543:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6501:
6492:
6487:
6485:
6480:
6478:
6473:
6472:
6469:
6465:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6443:
6442:Saharti Samre
6433:
6431:
6427:
6423:
6419:
6418:Addi Geza'iti
6415:
6411:
6401:
6399:
6398:
6393:
6389:
6387:
6383:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6359:
6358:finger millet
6355:
6351:
6347:
6346:
6337:
6328:
6325:
6321:
6319:dancing style
6318:
6314:
6310:
6309:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6268:
6266:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6239:
6236:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6208:
6207:Amanit school
6205:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6189:
6188:
6187:
6186:Emni Ankelalu
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6174:
6173:
6172:Ayninbirkekin
6166:
6163:
6162:
6161:
6160:
6159:
6152:
6149:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6145:
6138:
6137:Mashih school
6135:
6134:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6126:
6125:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6110:
6103:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6086:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6080:
6079:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6065:
6064:
6058:
6050:
6047:
6045:
6041:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6025:
6023:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6009:
6008:incense trees
6005:
5996:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5967:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5952:
5949:
5946:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5883:
5882:
5876:
5871:
5864:
5860:
5856:
5847:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5809:
5807:
5803:
5792:
5790:
5785:
5772:
5768:
5763:
5754:
5752:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5718:
5717:Lanner falcon
5714:
5710:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5694:
5693:Augur buzzard
5689:
5687:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5655:
5651:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5631:
5629:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5613:
5609:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5522:
5518:
5517:Banded Barbet
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5486:Nest box for
5484:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5470:
5466:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5415:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5378:Small rodents
5375:
5373:
5369:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5289:
5285:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5260:African civet
5257:
5253:
5249:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5213:
5212:golden jackal
5209:
5205:
5201:
5197:
5193:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5180:Xerus rutilus
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5164:ch’ok anbessa
5161:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5148:spotted hyena
5145:
5141:
5138:monkey, ወዓግ (
5137:
5133:
5129:
5121:
5115:Large mammals
5104:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5090:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5076:
5073:
5070:
5066:
5063:
5060:
5056:
5053:
5050:
5046:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5009:Mizane Birhan
5006:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4924:
4923:carbon offset
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4807:
4803:
4799:
4795:
4791:
4784:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:Emni Ankelalu
4738:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4725:
4724:Ayninbirkekin
4721:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4650:
4621:
4617:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4586:Ayninbirkekin
4585:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4516:Ayninbirkekin
4514:
4510:
4506:
4503:
4499:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4480:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4425:
4424:Tsech'i River
4422:
4420:
4417:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4348:
4345:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4290:Inda Sillasie
4287:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4273:
4272:Ayninbirkekin
4270:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4242:Ayninbirkekin
4240:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4226:Ayninbirkekin
4224:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4210:Inda Sillasie
4207:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4140:Afedena River
4138:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4121:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4021:
4016:
4014:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3985:
3984:Cobble stones
3981:
3978:
3977:gully erosion
3974:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:Heaped stones
3922:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3832:Milling stone
3830:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3790:stone masonry
3786:
3785:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3765:, the Amhara
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3751:Addi Geza'iti
3748:
3738:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3684:
3679:
3677:
3674:) is hewn in
3671:
3642:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3625:) is hewn in
3622:
3593:
3589:
3586:Northwest of
3584:
3582:
3576:
3547:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3443:
3438:
3436:
3432:
3426:
3397:
3396:Mika’el Samba
3393:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3332:
3303:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3245:
3239:
3210:
3208:
3202:
3200:
3196:
3195:rock pinnacle
3190:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3111:
3110:
3103:
3101:
3100:geomorphology
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3000:
2971:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2908:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2862:
2833:
2829:
2828:Dabo Zellelew
2824:
2820:
2791:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2695:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2679:Natural caves
2676:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2613:
2612:Rhynchonellid
2609:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2521:Early Miocene
2517:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2506:upper basalts
2503:
2499:
2498:lower basalts
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:flood basalts
2483:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2447:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2299:
2294:
2277:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2236:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2166:
2162:
2161:Inda Sillasie
2159:
2154:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2113:
2084:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2039:
2033:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1960:
1954:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1872:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1828:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1787:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1746:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1676:
1672:
1671:Mizane Birhan
1669:
1664:
1635:
1631:
1630:Emni Ankelalu
1628:
1623:
1594:
1590:
1587:
1582:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1504:
1500:
1499:Ayninbirkekin
1497:
1492:
1463:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1369:
1340:
1336:
1333:
1328:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1138:
1132:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1063:Ksad Adawro (
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1046:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1004:
975:
973:
967:
938:
935:
929:
901:Ksad Miheno (
900:
897:
891:
862:
861:
860:
859:
858:
856:
852:
843:
827:
798:
793:
764:
760:
756:
751:
722:
718:
714:
709:
680:
676:
672:
671:
670:
669:
668:
663:Lowest places
653:
624:
621:
617:
612:
583:
580:
576:
571:
542:
539:
535:
530:
501:
498:
497:Ayninbirkekin
494:
489:
460:
457:
456:Mizane Birhan
453:
448:
419:
416:
412:
407:
378:
375:
371:
366:
337:
333:
328:
300:or district (
299:
296:
292:
287:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:
244:
243:
238:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
204:Ayninbirkekin
201:
195:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:Tigray Region
163:
159:
155:
154:Degua Tembien
147:
143:
134:
130:
125:
121:
117:
112:
109:
106:
104:
100:
97:
86:
84:
80:
77:
66:
64:
60:
56:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
23:
9810:Mika'el Abiy
9780:Hagere Selam
9765:Degol Woyane
9760:Debre Nazret
9712:
9703:
9615:Medebay Zana
9577:Kafta Humera
9569:Western Zone
9495:
9430:Eastern Zone
9383:Kola Tembien
9350:Central Zone
9254:
9233:
9226:
9214:. Retrieved
9204:
9185:
9181:
9175:
9129:
9123:
9098:
9094:
9084:
9059:
9055:
9048:
9015:
9011:
9002:
8994:
8989:
8960:
8956:
8924:
8920:
8910:
8893:
8889:
8883:
8858:
8809:
8770:
8763:
8738:
8734:
8727:
8715:. Retrieved
8700:
8693:
8684:
8678:
8643:
8623:
8612:
8592:
8585:
8565:
8558:
8549:
8545:
8539:
8522:
8518:
8512:
8487:
8483:
8461:
8457:
8451:
8431:
8394:
8390:
8380:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8328:
8324:
8318:
8291:
8287:
8276:
8241:
8235:
8200:
8195:
8160:
8154:
8119:
8113:
8088:
8084:
8078:
8069:
8063:
8046:
8042:
8036:
8019:
8015:
7979:
7975:
7969:
7932:
7928:
7913:
7902:
7875:
7871:
7861:
7841:
7834:
7825:
7819:
7784:
7778:
7753:
7749:
7743:
7708:
7704:
7694:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7610:
7588:
7581:
7571:
7564:
7528:
7502:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7455:
7451:
7408:
7401:
7382:
7373:
7369:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7318:
7312:
7295:
7291:
7285:
7265:
7236:
7232:
7222:
7213:
7207:
7187:
7160:
7156:
7150:
7141:
7137:
7131:
7112:
7108:
7098:
7073:
7069:
7056:
7039:
7033:
7013:
7006:
6989:
6984:
6965:
6945:
6924:
6920:
6914:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6860:
6832:
6826:
6816:
6809:
6752:
6748:
6738:
6719:
6674:
6559:
6549:Kola Tembien
6509:Kola Tembien
6450:Kola Tembien
6439:
6414:Dabba Hadera
6410:Dabba Selama
6407:
6395:
6391:
6390:
6385:
6375:
6371:
6365:
6343:
6341:
6335:
6316:
6313:Kola Tembien
6299:
6274:
6262:
6217:
6198:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6184:
6183:
6170:
6169:
6156:
6155:
6142:
6141:
6128:
6127:
6123:Mika'el Abiy
6121:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6107:
6106:
6102:Kolal school
6092:Debre Nazret
6090:
6089:
6078:Degol Woyane
6076:
6075:
6063:Hagere Selam
6061:
6060:
6056:
6048:
6037:
6029:Weri’i River
6026:
6022:ancient Rome
6011:
6001:
5977:Kayeh Be’ati
5976:
5956:
5945:transhumance
5938:
5912:Hagere Selam
5891:Long-horned
5886:Arado cattle
5880:
5875:Hagere Selam
5865:in May Genet
5859:Arado cattle
5850:Cattle races
5820:
5798:
5781:
5771:Imba Ra'isot
5766:
5751:Birdwatching
5749:
5744:
5736:
5728:
5720:
5712:
5709:Steppe Eagle
5704:
5696:
5690:
5647:
5632:
5605:
5585:Afrotropical
5550:
5544:
5509:Wattled Ibis
5501:Afrotropical
5498:
5487:
5462:
5448:
5442:
5434:
5421:
5411:
5401:
5395:
5391:
5381:
5371:
5368:honey badger
5363:
5359:
5351:
5347:
5344:common genet
5339:
5335:
5327:
5323:
5320:klipspringer
5315:
5311:
5303:
5299:
5291:
5287:
5279:
5275:
5272:olive baboon
5268:Papio anubis
5267:
5263:
5255:
5252:hakili dummu
5251:
5243:
5239:
5231:
5227:
5219:
5215:
5208:Canis anthus
5207:
5203:
5195:
5191:
5187:
5179:
5175:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5151:
5143:
5139:
5131:
5125:
4995:Kidmi Gestet
4897:deposition,
4887:biodiversity
4884:
4846:
4844:
4826:
4811:infiltration
4798:soil erosion
4786:
4764:
4759:
4750:Hagere Selam
4743:
4726:
4703:
4598:
4583:
4571:
4559:
4551:Degol Woyane
4543:
4540:Ferrey River
4534:Dabba Selama
4527:
4512:
4505:Kola Tembien
4501:
4494:
4478:
4466:
4454:
4449:Weri’i River
4447:
4427:
4415:
4403:
4391:
4388:Adawro River
4383:Hagere Selam
4379:
4370:Kola Tembien
4366:
4362:
4359:Degol Woyane
4343:
4330:
4314:
4311:Zikuli River
4298:
4282:
4268:
4258:Mika'el Abiy
4254:
4246:Mika'el Abiy
4238:
4230:Mika'el Abiy
4222:
4206:Mika'el Abiy
4202:
4193:
4185:Debre Nazret
4181:
4169:
4155:
4143:
4131:
4119:
4103:
4100:Qarano River
4091:
4080:
4066:Weri’i River
4059:
4040:
4017:
4013:Hagere Selam
4010:
3991:. Generally
3989:Hagere Selam
3982:
3975:for sake of
3968:
3962:
3945:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3923:
3906:
3894:
3879:
3850:
3831:
3818:Church bells
3817:
3808:
3787:
3776:
3744:
3682:
3680:
3640:
3639:
3591:
3585:
3545:
3543:
3526:
3491:
3489:
3441:
3439:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3347:
3345:
3298:
3296:
3287:
3249:
3248:
3205:
3203:
3159:
3157:
3106:
3104:
3042:
3040:
3029:
3005:
2969:
2967:
2922:cave in the
2920:Danei Kawlos
2919:
2917:
2874:Mihdar Ab’ur
2873:
2871:
2827:
2825:
2785:
2783:
2747:
2745:
2691:
2689:
2682:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2601:
2588:
2582:
2562:. Also, the
2546:
2518:
2471:
2452:
2385:
2359:
2335:Hagere Selam
2326:
2302:
2290:
2246:
2243:Debre Nazret
2205:
2164:
2123:
2082:
2037:
2002:
1958:
1923:
1882:
1841:
1797:
1756:
1715:
1712:Mika'el Abiy
1674:
1633:
1592:
1551:
1541:
1537:
1502:
1461:
1420:
1379:
1338:
1297:
1256:
1253:Degol Woyane
1216:Hagere Selam
1206:
1204:
1158:were partly
1155:
1149:
1099:Hagere Selam
1097:The town of
1058:
1015:of the 1980s
972:Hagere Selam
863:Ksad Halah (
850:
848:
763:Dabba Selama
666:
622:
581:
579:Debre Nazret
540:
499:
458:
417:
376:
336:Hagere Selam
297:
253:Hagere Selam
197:
182:Hagere Selam
158:Dägʿa Tämben
157:
153:
141:
140:
9725:Addi Azmera
9405:Naeder Adet
9276: /
9091:Fetien Abay
9008:Fetien Abay
8049:: 117–127.
7878:: 211–230.
7458:: 157–175.
7163:: 870–886.
6426:geo-tourism
6158:Addi Azmera
5757:Agriculture
5705:Buteo buteo
5697:Buteo augur
5583:are common
5473:birdwatcher
5188:mitsutsilay
5162:, ጭክ ኣንበሳ (
5079:Addi Azmera
5049:Addi Lihtsi
5029:Mi'am Atali
5025:Mi'am Atali
4961:(144.81 ha)
4939:Addi Lihtsi
4935:Addi Lihtsi
4915:sequestered
4772:Environment
4675: /
4644: /
4609:resurgences
4235:May Sho'ate
4178:Inda Anbesa
4173:Addi Azmera
4159:Addi Azmera
4147:Addi Azmera
4135:Addi Azmera
4123:Addi Azmera
4111:Addi Azmera
3759:Addis Ababa
3707: /
3665: /
3616: /
3570: /
3516: /
3466: /
3420: /
3376: /
3326: /
3277: /
3251:Ruba Bich’i
3233: /
3184: /
3153:Yohannes IV
3147:. Behind a
3134: /
3102:is unique.
3069: /
2994: /
2952: /
2902: /
2856: /
2814: /
2772: /
2741:speleothems
2733:stalagmites
2729:stalactites
2718: /
2657:Achatinidae
2619:crustaceans
2608:sea urchins
2594:cephalopods
2482:lithosphere
2476:, the Afar
2388:sedimentary
2366:Precambrian
2271: /
2230: /
2189: /
2148: /
2107: /
2062: /
2027: /
1983: /
1948: /
1907: /
1866: /
1833:Yohannes IV
1822: /
1781: /
1740: /
1699: /
1658: /
1617: /
1589:Addi Azmera
1576: /
1527: /
1486: /
1445: /
1404: /
1363: /
1322: /
1281: /
1240: /
1146:Ethnography
1126: /
1085: /
1059:Passo Abaro
1040: /
1018:Ksad Azef (
998: /
961: /
923: /
885: /
821: /
787: /
745: /
703: /
647: /
606: /
565: /
524: /
483: /
442: /
401: /
360: /
322: /
281: /
9855:Categories
9735:Addi Walka
9715:(district)
9559:Raya Azebo
9539:Endamekoni
9420:Werie Lehe
9400:Mereb Lehe
8552:: 165–170.
7376:: 107–168.
6927:: 437–447.
6908:: 211–225.
6702:References
6694:May Be'ati
6311:Just like
6044:salt trade
6004:Giba River
5725:Black kite
5662:Palearctic
5465:exclosures
5348:silihlihot
5346:, ስልሕልሖት (
5250:, ሓክሊ ድሙ (
5236:rock hyrax
5085:Ziban Dake
5019:May Be'ati
5015:May Be'ati
4945:Addi Meles
4907:EthioTrees
4851:exclosures
4841:Exclosures
4836:Vegetation
4823:exclosures
4754:Addi Qoylo
4700:Reservoirs
4582:River, in
4570:River, in
4536:monastery
4493:River, in
4482:Addi Walka
4475:Azef River
4470:Addi Walka
4465:River, in
4402:River, in
4327:May Selelo
4295:Zeyi River
4251:May Harena
4219:May Zegzeg
4180:River, in
4154:River, in
4130:River, in
4118:River, in
4082:Giba River
4062:Giba River
3964:Check dams
3826:clinkstone
3813:dry stones
3779:rock types
3601:13°38.84′N
3558:39°00.27′E
3555:13°42.86′N
3535:courtyards
3485:ambulatory
3451:13°42.67′N
3405:13°42.56′N
3364:39°12.06′E
3221:39°17.25′E
3218:13°35.87′N
3169:13°34.62′N
3080:Frumentius
3054:13°41.67′N
2940:39°01′59″E
2937:13°37′19″N
2890:39°03′05″E
2887:13°37′14″N
2844:39°01′59″E
2841:13°37′19″N
2737:bell-holes
2673:helicoidal
2615:brachiopod
2603:Nerineidae
2575:silicified
2529:Quaternary
2459:Cretaceous
2378:Palaeozoic
2307:(99.87%).
2287:Population
1417:Addi Walka
1111:13°42.16′N
983:13°38.75′N
675:Giba River
127:Population
9775:Haddinnet
9453:Gulomahda
9388:Abiy Addi
9368:Adwa Town
9156:199110067
9095:Euphytica
9076:153946918
8896:: 15–32.
8875:199323600
8670:199113310
8490:: 53–69.
8331:: 55–64.
8268:199261393
8227:199097368
8187:199099185
8146:199110301
8105:129501591
7996:128492271
7894:129834993
7811:199099067
7770:129286130
7711:: 53–65.
7637:199105560
7556:199294303
7485:(3): 267.
7144:: 95–116.
6887:199170267
6679:May Genet
6397:Inda Siwa
6382:catalyser
5930:milk cows
5835:threshing
5831:ploughing
5812:Livestock
5789:livestock
5784:farmlands
5745:Tyto alba
5541:fig trees
5503:Highland
5479:species.
5356:cape hare
5130:names. -
5045:May Hib'o
5039:May Genet
5035:May Genet
4819:May Leiba
4802:Nutrients
4794:Phaeozems
4790:Vertisols
4733:Lake Giba
4720:May Leiba
4498:Haddinnet
4486:Haddinnet
4412:May Qoqah
4279:Gra Adiam
3993:limestone
3954:dry stone
3952:walls in
3933:, called
3918:footpaths
3907:Footpath
3886:phonolite
3878:) left a
3865:limestone
3861:phonolite
3857:sandstone
3822:phonolite
3799:sandstone
3795:limestone
3755:sandstone
3749:caves in
3695:39°1.44′E
3692:13°33.3′N
3604:39°1.55′E
3588:Abiy Addi
3479:, with a
3454:39°6.44′E
3408:39°6.81′E
3361:13°44.5′N
3288:rock-hewn
3172:39°2.24′E
3057:39°6.03′E
2970:May Hib’o
2660:indet.).
2580:fossils.
2525:phonolite
2494:trap rock
2467:Caenozoic
2313:education
2075:Abba Nega
2073:Ras Alula
1968:13°35.4′N
1376:Haddinnet
1228:39°10.7′E
1225:13°38.9′N
1192:Haddinnet
1156:Tembienot
1152:Tigrayans
1073:39°9.25′E
1070:13°37.6′N
1025:13°44.2′N
986:39°15.3′E
949:39°10.3′E
946:13°39.3′N
679:Kemishana
620:Haddinnet
538:Haddinnet
415:Haddinnet
222:Geography
9805:Menachek
9640:Tselemti
9358:Abergele
9115:15197109
9040:19271989
9032:18686512
8927:: 7–20.
8829:Archived
8755:83510874
8504:37489450
8345:98547102
8016:Geoderma
7961:31639144
7929:PLOS ONE
7735:53379804
7686:95207289
7390:Archived
7340:: 91–94.
7090:53351630
6995:Archived
6973:Archived
6446:Abergele
6278:gendered
5802:woodland
5795:Cropping
5773:mountain
5741:Barn owl
5494:Zerfenti
5358:, ማንቲለ (
5332:aardvark
5310:, ቅንፈዝ (
5216:bukharya
5214:, ቡኳርያ (
5204:bukharya
5202:, ቡኳርያ (
5192:chechera
5110:Wildlife
5098:(275 ha)
5091:(300 ha)
5071:(196 ha)
4979:Ch'elaqo
4975:Ch'elaqo
4941:(412 ha)
4913:for the
4895:sediment
4871:Harehuwa
4686:baseflow
4580:Graliwdo
4568:May Meqa
4435:Menachek
4400:Arwadito
4152:Shimbula
4128:May Ayni
4032:Dingilet
3995:is used.
3898:watering
3788:Natural
3122:39°5.4′E
3109:May Baha
3092:basilica
3010:cliffs.
2928:Menachek
2830:cave in
2645:Lanistes
2606:indet.;
2598:nautilus
2587:: large
2564:Tertiary
2533:alluvium
2510:Dolerite
2455:Mesozoic
2396:Triassic
2392:volcanic
2370:Gondwana
2356:Overview
2309:Tigrinya
2305:Tigrayan
2036:). This
1971:39°1.7′E
1957:). This
1879:Menachek
1536:). This
1176:Tigrinya
1164:Abergele
1114:39°7.3′E
251:between
216:Menachek
170:Ethiopia
150:ደጉዓ ተምቤን
146:Tigrinya
76:Ethiopia
29:ደጉዓ ተምቤን
9730:Addilal
9708:in the
9661:Mekelle
9645:Tsimbla
9620:Sheraro
9587:Welkait
9582:Tsegede
9549:Maychew
9534:Alamata
9501:Enderta
9438:Adigrat
9378:Enticho
9324:of the
9322:Woredas
9264:39°15′E
9261:13°30′N
9216:25 July
8717:18 June
8464:: 1–14.
7952:6804989
7070:Geology
6757:Bibcode
6646:forest.
6644:Togogwa
6630:Gallery
6611:Inderta
6571:Inderta
6462:Inderta
6404:Tourism
6354:sorghum
6324:Ashenda
6296:Rubaksa
6287:Culture
6053:Schools
6002:In the
5963:Tsaliet
5943:annual
5477:endemic
5406:), and
5384:rodents
5370:, ትትጊ (
5360:mantile
5334:, ፍሒራ (
5322:, ሰስሓ (
5300:tsihira
5298:, ፂሒራ (
5288:tsihira
5286:, ፂሒራ (
5274:, ህበይ (
5262:, ዝባድ (
5226:, ጋውና (
5174:, ነብሪ (
5172:leopard
5160:caracal
5150:, ዝብኢ (
5105:(48 ha)
5103:Didiben
5096:Migichi
5089:Didiben
5069:Togogwa
5065:Togogwa
5061:(46 ha)
5055:Sesemat
5051:(50 ha)
5041:(60 ha)
5031:(83 ha)
5021:(46 ha)
5001:(46 ha)
4991:(92 ha)
4989:Tsigaba
4985:Gemgema
4981:(50 ha)
4971:(70 ha)
4969:Afedena
4965:Afedena
4959:Addilal
4955:Addilal
4951:(65 ha)
4949:Migichi
4928:incense
4880:Khunale
4827:in situ
4737:Mekelle
4712:, near
4694:Tsaliet
4663:39°21′E
4660:13°33′N
4632:39°14′E
4629:13°35′N
4620:Rubaksa
4616:aquifer
4529:Tsaliet
4367:woredas
4107:Addilal
4095:Addilal
3979:control
3973:gullies
3950:terrace
3852:lintels
3844:Milling
3809:Fencing
3722:pronaos
3650:13°40′N
3501:13°43′N
3481:pronaos
3311:13°40′N
3302:Mika’el
3300:Kurkura
3265:39°18′E
3262:13°36′N
3149:pronaos
3119:13°40′N
2982:39°14′E
2979:13°31′N
2924:Tsech'i
2802:39°12′E
2799:13°42′N
2790:Tsaliet
2786:Tinsehe
2757:13°38′N
2748:Zeleqwa
2703:13°33′N
2629:stems.
2627:crinoid
2583:In the
2578:mollusc
2557:benthic
2543:Fossils
2472:In the
2351:Geology
2259:39°18′E
2256:13°34′N
2218:39°15′E
2215:13°33′N
2177:39°12′E
2174:13°33′N
2136:39°11′E
2133:13°35′N
2092:13°35′N
2050:39°06′E
2047:13°34′N
2012:13°34′N
1933:13°35′N
1892:13°35′N
1851:13°37′N
1807:13°38′N
1766:13°37′N
1728:39°12′E
1725:13°37′N
1687:39°16′E
1684:13°37′N
1646:39°22′E
1643:13°39′N
1605:39°20′E
1602:13°38′N
1564:39°19′E
1561:13°41′N
1548:Addilal
1515:39°14′E
1512:13°40′N
1474:39°17′E
1471:13°43′N
1433:39°18′E
1430:13°43′N
1392:39°12′E
1389:13°42′N
1351:39°12′E
1348:13°40′N
1307:13°39′N
1266:13°40′N
1137:Tsaliet
1051:Tembien
1028:39°13′E
1009:Mekelle
934:Tsaliet
911:39°13′E
908:13°40′N
896:Tsaliet
873:39°15′E
870:13°40′N
809:39°01′E
806:13°37′N
775:39°05′E
772:13°42′N
759:Tsaliet
733:39°14′E
730:13°48′N
691:39°07′E
688:13°29′N
677:, near
635:39°11′E
632:13°44′N
594:39°19′E
591:13°30′N
553:39°10′E
550:13°43′N
512:39°15′E
509:13°40′N
471:39°16′E
468:13°37′N
430:39°12′E
427:13°43′N
386:13°37′N
348:39°11′E
345:13°39′N
310:39°16′E
307:13°43′N
269:39°10′E
266:13°37′N
188:History
174:Tembien
160:) is a
135:126,953
63:Country
9835:Simret
9790:Lim'at
9750:Aregen
9745:Arebay
9740:Amanit
9713:woreda
9704:Tabias
9458:Hawzen
9241:
9154:
9144:
9113:
9074:
9038:
9030:
8873:
8778:
8753:
8708:
8668:
8658:
8600:
8573:
8502:
8439:
8343:
8266:
8256:
8225:
8215:
8185:
8175:
8144:
8134:
8103:
8043:Catena
7994:
7959:
7949:
7892:
7849:
7809:
7799:
7768:
7733:
7684:
7635:
7625:
7554:
7544:
7416:
7273:
7195:
7088:
7021:
6953:
6885:
6875:
6726:
6514:Hawzen
6386:atella
6350:barley
6200:Amanit
5922:, and
5920:Begayt
5840:forage
5823:cattle
5739:) and
5686:Acacia
5447:, and
5388:Tigray
5372:titigi
5336:fihira
5324:sesiha
5312:qinfiz
5238:, ጊሐ (
5228:gawina
5136:grivet
5075:Tukhul
4999:Gestet
4862:Adawro
4847:woreda
4765:Horoyo
4760:rahaya
4690:Ferrey
4544:tabias
4526:, and
4502:woreda
4491:Ab'aro
4479:tabias
4459:River
4456:Agefet
4439:Aregen
4428:tabias
4419:Lim'at
4407:Lim'at
4395:Lim'at
4363:Tanqwa
4361:, and
4355:Aregen
4351:Lim'at
4344:tabias
4334:Simret
4318:Simret
4302:Simret
4299:tabias
4283:tabias
4239:tabias
4223:tabias
4214:Amanit
4197:Amanit
4116:Hurura
4104:tabias
4056:Rivers
4036:Mashih
3946:gedeba
3909:paving
3803:basalt
3735:Grivet
3727:coffee
3653:39°1′E
3631:basalt
3590:, the
3504:39°4′E
3352:Ab’aro
3314:39°9′E
3096:recess
3032:Tigray
2972:cave (
2878:Aregen
2832:Aregen
2760:39°7′E
2706:39°9′E
2571:basalt
2514:faults
2488:. The
2474:Eocene
2376:and a
2202:Amanit
2095:39°8′E
2015:39°7′E
1999:Simret
1936:39°3′E
1895:39°5′E
1854:39°6′E
1838:Aregen
1810:39°8′E
1769:39°8′E
1753:Lim'at
1458:Arebay
1310:39°9′E
1269:39°6′E
1207:tabias
757:Along
717:Agefet
715:Along
673:Along
389:39°5′E
374:Aregen
295:Arebay
212:Aregen
162:woreda
96:Tigray
93:
83:Region
73:
37:Woreda
9840:Walta
9830:Seret
9825:Selam
9815:Mizan
9800:Melfa
9544:Korem
9529:Alaje
9478:Wukro
9318:Zones
9176:tella
9152:S2CID
9111:S2CID
9072:S2CID
9036:S2CID
9012:Ambio
8871:S2CID
8751:S2CID
8666:S2CID
8500:S2CID
8341:S2CID
8264:S2CID
8223:S2CID
8183:S2CID
8142:S2CID
8101:S2CID
7992:S2CID
7890:S2CID
7807:S2CID
7766:S2CID
7731:S2CID
7682:S2CID
7633:S2CID
7593:(PDF)
7552:S2CID
7086:S2CID
7066:(PDF)
6883:S2CID
6660:Halah
6372:gesho
6362:maize
6317:Awrus
6193:Mizan
6144:Melfa
6130:Seret
6116:Selam
5924:Arado
5916:Arado
5827:horse
5806:gesho
5767:tabia
5678:Sahel
5505:Biome
5459:Birds
5427:caves
5362:) -
5290:) -
5276:hibey
5264:zibad
5176:nebri
5154:) -
5140:wi’ag
4815:Chini
4744:tabia
4727:tabia
4714:Melfa
4613:karst
4584:tabia
4575:Selam
4572:tabia
4560:tabia
4558:, in
4520:Selam
4513:tabia
4495:tabia
4467:tabia
4463:Amblo
4431:Seret
4426:, in
4416:tabia
4414:, in
4404:tabia
4392:tabia
4390:, in
4380:tabia
4347:Melfa
4331:tabia
4329:, in
4315:tabia
4313:, in
4306:Walta
4286:Walta
4269:tabia
4267:, in
4255:tabia
4253:, in
4203:tabia
4194:tabia
4192:, in
4182:tabia
4170:tabia
4168:, in
4156:tabia
4144:tabia
4142:, in
4132:tabia
4120:tabia
4092:tabia
4090:, in
4028:apple
3969:qetri
3840:kolks
3763:Melfa
3731:gesho
3716:) in
3539:tabot
3525:) is
2965:age.
2915:age.
2869:age.
2665:t’uyo
2648:sp.;
2490:magma
2478:plume
2247:tabia
2206:tabia
2165:tabia
2124:tabia
2120:Walta
2083:tabia
2079:Seret
2038:tabia
2003:tabia
1959:tabia
1924:tabia
1920:Mizan
1883:tabia
1842:tabia
1798:tabia
1794:Melfa
1757:tabia
1716:tabia
1675:tabia
1634:tabia
1593:tabia
1552:tabia
1542:tabia
1538:tabia
1503:tabia
1462:tabia
1421:tabia
1380:tabia
1339:tabia
1335:Selam
1298:tabia
1257:tabia
623:tabia
582:tabia
541:tabia
500:tabia
459:tabia
418:tabia
377:tabia
298:tabia
206:, or
9554:Ofla
9463:Irob
9373:Axum
9363:Adwa
9320:and
9239:ISBN
9218:2019
9142:ISBN
9028:PMID
8776:ISBN
8719:2019
8706:ISBN
8656:ISBN
8598:ISBN
8571:ISBN
8437:ISBN
8254:ISBN
8213:ISBN
8173:ISBN
8132:ISBN
7957:PMID
7847:ISBN
7797:ISBN
7623:ISBN
7542:ISBN
7414:ISBN
7271:ISBN
7193:ISBN
7019:ISBN
6951:ISBN
6873:ISBN
6724:ISBN
6675:Fato
6422:TPLF
6412:and
6392:Siwa
6345:siwa
6336:Siwa
6334:The
6033:gold
5893:Raya
5877:town
5833:and
5782:The
5680:and
5672:and
5641:and
5622:and
5614:and
5599:and
5591:and
5579:and
5549:and
5535:and
5431:Zeyi
5423:Bats
5418:Bats
5350:) -
5338:) -
5326:) -
5314:) -
5302:) -
5278:) -
5266:) -
5254:) -
5242:) -
5240:gihè
5230:) -
5218:) -
5206:) -
5194:) -
5178:) -
5166:) -
5152:zibi
5142:) -
5005:Lafa
4845:The
4817:and
4804:and
4792:and
4777:Soil
4549:and
4522:and
4500:and
4484:and
4437:and
4372:and
4357:and
4349:and
4336:and
4320:and
4304:and
4288:and
4244:and
4228:and
4212:and
4109:and
3935:zala
3902:tufa
3869:tufa
3797:and
3767:EPDM
3747:TPLF
3681:The
3527:hewn
3490:The
3440:The
3387:tufa
3346:The
3292:tufa
3244:tufa
3207:Lafa
3204:The
3158:The
3105:The
3084:mesa
3024:mesa
2968:The
2918:The
2872:The
2826:The
2784:The
2693:Zeyi
2537:tufa
2504:and
2406:and
2390:and
2360:The
2337:town
1160:Agew
851:ksad
721:Azef
255:and
249:mesa
214:and
114:Area
103:Zone
9190:doi
9134:doi
9103:doi
9099:188
9064:doi
9020:doi
8975:hdl
8965:doi
8929:doi
8898:doi
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