List of people executed for homosexuality in Europe

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about Jacobins and other men meeting in private. Men of different social classes, they met among other places on Mondays and Fridays at Hitchin's house in Great Sankey, Cheshire, and were said by the press to be Freemasons and call each other "brother". Holland was a rich pawnbroker and there were rumours that members of the gentry were involved with the group, even members of Parliament. Those hanged were convicted on the testimonies of John Knight and Thomas Taylor, members of the group who gave evidence to avoid being hanged themselves. Rix also testified that sodomy was widespread and considered normal in Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool, describing casual encounters in the street, but the magistrate refused a deal, while Hitchin denied the charges. Stockton, Holland and Powell were hanged at Lancaster castle on 13 September, and Hitchin and Rix later that month after they were further interrogated to find other conspirators. Joshua Newsom and George Ellis were found guilty of lesser offences and the rest were acquitted. The magistrates attempted to investigate further, but were stopped by the Home Office.

6974:, with Westerman being named as a participant from the start. For the first incident, Westerman was demoted from captain's servant boy to ordinary crewman, with further demotion for a later incident. More incidents surfaced until the ship returned to England in 1815, and an investigation was ordered by the Royal Navy. The initial 23 suspects identified in December 1815 was reduced to just four (Westerman, Joseph Tall, Seraco, and Treake). The origins of the sodomy amongst the crew was determined to be Seraco and Treake, both Italians. Seraco was condemned with Charles (a prisoner), Treake was initially pardoned with Joseph Tall but re-condemned with Westerman. 13980: 1072:. The death rate of these prisoners has been estimated at 60 percent, a higher rate than those of other prisoner groups. A smaller number of men were sentenced to death or killed at Nazi euthanasia centres. After the war, homosexuals were initially not counted as victims of Nazism because homosexuality continued to be illegal in Nazi Germany's 11731:"The trial of David Robertson ... for an unnatural crime with George Foulston : tried before Sir Robert Graham ... on Saturday, May 24, 1806, at Justice-Hall, in the Old Bailey : with his remarkable address to the court, praying arrest of judgment : embellished with a striking likeness of the prisoner" 6921:

Godfrey was a butler in the house of Mr. Atkinson at Lee, who was indicted for "unnatural offences" with a footman, Henry Greenhurst, from May to December 1812. The latter was "unconscious of the heinous character of the offence" and told another servant, who informed Mr. Atkinson. Godfrey was hanged

6788:

Known as the Remarkable Trials, twenty seven men aged 17 to 84 from in and around Warrington, Manchester, and Liverpool were arrested in May 1806 for sodomy and nine were tried by John Borron and Richard Gwillym at the Lancaster assizes. Harry Cocks notes that the arrests came amid concerns post-1789

6764:

His trial was at the Old Bailey in November, where he was convicted of having "a venereal affair" with James Hankinson. He was hanged at Newgate. He was hanged with a forger, Ann Hurle - they were led out of Debtor's Door and rather than the New Drop they were hanged by a cart being driven from under

6177:

Itinerant plague worker accused of molesting a woman she was sharing a bed with, Morel had admitted to fornication with a male 5 years earlier. She initially used this to deny the charge but later retracted this, and subsequently admitted her guilt under torture, and admitted to having relations with

7160:

A labourer aged 19, he was convicted of an offence with George Howard (who was not charged) at Mid Lavant and hanged at Horsham, Surrey, alongside a burglar. "Spershott's hanging was perhaps the last occasion at which was performed the folk ritual of the hangman passing the dead man's hands over the

6909:

Myers was a draper of Stamford, accused by Thomas Crow (or Crowe), an 18-year-old apprentice to a tailor, Mr. Horden of Stamford. Myers was acquitted in Lincolnshire due to Crow being suspected of lying, but he was then convicted at trial at Peterborough accused again by Crow of offences at Burghley

6572:

Hunt was a barge builder aged 37 and Collins was 57, a former weaver and soldier. They were accused of sodomy together in a toilet at Pepper Alley in Southwark, near London Bridge, which they each denied though their accounts differed. Their trial was at Surrey assizes 4 August and they were hanged

5876:

Broken on the wheel in Lucerne. Case brought before council of Lucerne after it was discovered he had been given a jacket for having sex with a man under a bridge in Rome. Confessed to sex with "human and animals, women and men, boys and adult men, Italians and Germans, laypeople and clerics" while

48:

have varied over time and place, from expecting all males to engage in same-sex relationships, to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. The following

7068:

aged 36, and a cabinet maker aged 35, they were tried at Lincoln Assizes by Mr. Justice Park and convicted on the evidence of a 19-year-old apprentice draper named Henry Hackett. A love letter from Hackett to Candler had been addressed to the Duke to save on postage: the Duke received and read the

4394:

Young man executed in Amsterdam. Claimed his first act took place when still in an orphanage and connected to known sodomite networks after an encounter in Amsterdam's town hall's citizens' hall. Named 15 other boys in his confession. Described as "particularly acquainted with the Truths (Biblical

6845:

Neighbour of Gresse Street, Rathbone Place, aged 26, was convicted of a crime against the body of Joshua Archer, aged 17 or 18, an apprentice to an engraver. Attempts were made to bribe Archer to leave the country. Neighbour was sentenced to hang at the Old Bailey in October 1808, but he poisoned

6589:

Arnold was around 60 and the landlord of the Lamb and Flag and Critchard was a footman aged around 20. They were convicted 31 August 1753 of felony and buggery for an act witnessed in the Swan Inn, Broad Street, Bristol. They were hanged together at St. Michael's Hill; they declined to implicate

6447:

The details of the accusation are often not given in contemporary sources, with euphemisms such as "unnatural offence" used. However, such terms were also used to describe bestiality, non-consensual acts, and crimes against minors. Due to this, sources discussing and listing capital offences for

7800:

Traité de la justice criminelle de France: où l'on examine tout ce qui concerne les crimes et les peines en général et en particulier, les juges établis pour décider les affaires criminelles, les parties publiques et privées, les accusés, les ministres de la justice criminelle, les experts, les

5919:

monastery two years prior. Fritschi asked to be decapitated instead of burned, a mercy the court granted. Fritschi was likely 15 to 25, Räs probably the same or slightly older. Räs also gave Fritschi a new pair of pants for Christmas. Räs, the instigator, may have been fugitive after the trial.

6305:

Genevan citizen and his partner, a local peasant. Brelat, a cowherd, openly boasted about their relationship due to Dufour's high social standing, but Brelat claimed Dufour was guilty of buggery (but not a bugger itself) after a violent fistfight. Both were subsequently drowned.

6650:, and they were accused of sexual activity together that they denied. Loveday was also accused by James Morgan. Joseph Giles and James Lane were also accused with Loveday, but were only sentenced for misdemeanours, and William Ward was acquitted. Loveday may have been running a 5346:

and those he implicated under questioning (including 7 slaves, such as a 40-year-old Turk), burned together in Valencia. He named over 60 men and boys when questioned. Gonzales admitted to not only prostituting himself, but also procuring others his age (usually to slaves). 128

6969:

under captain Edward Rodney, hanged at Portsmouth at 11 AM. Two other men, John Parsons and Joseph Hubbard, were whipped, with Hubbard receiving less lashes than Parsons due to medical concerns. Many reports of sodomy surfaced onboard the ship during its four-year tour of the

7069:

letter and had Hackett confronted, upon which he also implicated Doughty and Arden, who had associated with each other in Grantham in summer 1822. They were part of a group of up to 36 men led by Arden, who went on hunger strike in jail. The convicted men were hanged at

6606:

Trial at Coventry assizes. Hanged on Whitley Common. Wright admitted that he had been guilty of sodomy, but never with Grimes, while Grimes said that he had never committed any such offence. Wright was also found guilty of killing Mr. Warner of Winhall.

5312:

prisoners, 31 and 20, respectively; Teixidor had been convicted of sodomy and Estravagente of another crime. Fellow prisoners denounced they were having an affair and they were subsequently burned in Valencia by the Inquisition.

6776:

Trial at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate after attempting suicide. Robertson was 48 years old and said to keep a brothel at Charles Street, Covent Garden. He was convicted of an offence with 17-year-old George Foulston.

1248:, prior to presenting as female she was sometimes mistaken for a woman because of her feminine mannerisms. Initially married to a woman, but later had sex with a man and began presenting as female before moving to Venice. Sold 5070:

friar, and Tafolla had known each other since childhood, even sleeping in the same room. Tafolla had just returned from traveling in Italy and went to Morales's monastery in Valencia, where they were caught; both were burned.

1068:. Between 1933 and 1945, an estimated 100,000 men were arrested as homosexuals; ten thousands of which were sentenced by courts. Most of these men served time in regular prisons, and between 5,000 and 6,000 were imprisoned in 7148:

A 26-year-old soldier, he was convicted of an offence at Deptford with a fellow soldier, Charles Pike, who was aged 18, but Pike was acquitted. Cropper was hanged at New Sessions House in Maidstone, the same day as a rapist.

4999:'s oldest son, one of two natives living with the interpreter, cried upon hearing this and begged him "to return at once." The interpreter was killed in secrecy on arrival, and the Guale were told that he had disappeared. 1252:

by day and sexual favors by night; most clients did not know of Roncaglia's sex, but per her account no one in Venice objected to her transitioning. Worked for 7 years before she was reported by a client and arrested.

12950:"Trial & execution of Capt. Henry Nichols ; Trial and execution of Capt. Henry Nichols ; Trial and execution of Captain Henry Nichols ; who suffered this morning at Horse Monger Lane, Prison, Boro" 950:

by a hook-maker's apprentice. Weber had also committed sodomy with Endressen, a cook, an Alexander, and others over the past 20 years. Mayer was beheaded, and his body was burnt with Weber as he was burned alive.

12817: 6752:

Trial at Warwickshire assizes, executed in Warwick. Bird was a Methodist, convicted on the testimony of John Privett. Privett withdrew his statement, only to then say this was because Bird's son bribed him.

5877:

serving as papal guard in Rome. Rewarded lavishly with "three double jackets" for prostituting himself to a monk in a stable. Nusser also acted as a priest, having "sermonized and heard confession."

3392:

Hanged and beheaded in Milan. Voluntarily confessed to having passive and continued relations with his master, along with "treasonous homicide" and robbery; head displayed at Boschi di Longhignana.

13573: 1042:

Baker, age 30. Arrested for two sexual acts with his apprentice, Martin Köhler, who allegedly died of "unnatural loss of semen". Admitted under torture to similar acts on 20 other men. Beheaded in

13578: 11861: 10731:"[Am 28. Mai wurde ein in Frauenkleidern als Barbara Brunner auftretender Mann in Lenzburg verbrannt. Gleichentags wurde ein Mann zwischen Lenzburg und Aarau wegen Sodomie ermordet]" 11130:

Also reported as William Critichett (alternative spelling given by Bristol Gaol delivery fiats), William Pritchard (newspaper reports, 1752) and William Crutchard (newspaper reports, 1753)

35: 6826:

Aged 45, he was accused of an offence against Thomas Douglas of Crayford and for attempted offences against others. His trial was at Kent Lent Assizes in Maidstone, and he was hanged on

634: 3968:

on 9 June. While on the islands, they were caught in "the abominable and god-forsaken deeds of Sodom and Gomorrah." They were subsequently marooned on separate rocky islands nearby.

7998:

Les Bibliothéques Françoises De La Croix Du Maine Et De Du Verdier Sieur De Vauprivas; Nouvelle Édition, Dédiée Au Roi, Revue, corrigée & augmentée ... Par M. Rigoley De Juvigny

6070:

slaves and two French Catholics from a captured Savoy fort, burned together by Genevan forces. The slaves first admitted to the act, and implicated the Catholics when questioned.

1330:

A group of young nobles and clerics, burned in Venice. From a group of 35, including 14 nobles, tried by the Council of Ten; scandal ensued due to the backgrounds of the accused.

13004: 6523:. Plaine, despite being married, had committed sodomy with "two persons in England" and had "corrupted a great part of the youth of Guilford" (reason for execution unknown). 13818: 13568: 13005:"The trials and behaviour of George Cropper, and William Allen ; who were executed this morning, December 26, 1833, in front of the New Sessions House, Maidstone, Kent" 7200: 6434: 13553: 9655: 13095: 12825: 13199: 7981:

A Descriptive Catalogue of Bengali Works, Containing a Classified List of Fourteen Hundred Bengali Books and Pamphlets, ... Issued ... During the Last Sixty Years, Etc

10730: 7801:

témoins, et les autres personnes nécessaires pour l'instruction des procès-criminels, et aussi tout ce qui regarde la manière de procéder dans la poursuite des crimes

2320:) from Ponticelo, hanged in the Archi and burned in Genoa; tried along with another teacher who was also sentenced to death but it is unknown if he too was executed. 4699:

sentenced to burn for mutual same-sex relations as well as heterosexual relations with Christian prostitutes. Mahoma converted to Christianity and adopted the name

14006: 7137:

in Southwark, London. He was renounced by his prominent family, and his body was handed over to a hospital for dissection as they refused to accept it for burial.

6741:

Powell was a pauper at Melford workhouse. His trial was at Suffolk assizes on 9 August. He was hanged at Bury St Edmunds at the age of 70, but he did not confess.

7037:

Trial at Kent Assizes and hanged at Penenden Heath. Convicted of an offence with John Whyneard (charged as an accomplice, but not hanged) at the Isle of Sheppey.

1860:, beheaded and burned between the two columns of San Zulian, Venice; convicted of sodomy "among other faults", which we were read alound from a platform over the 13558: 12509:"The last dying words of Joseph Charlton ; of North-Shields, watch-maker who was executed at Morpeth, on the 14th of April 1819, for an unnatural offence" 7415: 13065: 4211:

Loer, 48, farmer, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash; had committed sodomy with several persons, including on his way to and from church.

1918:

for relations with a student of his, 16-year-old Luigi Dalla Balla. Giovanni Leonardo Primavera, another lover of Dalla Balla, escaped persecution in 1585.

12590: 7869: 6646:

Trial at Bristol assizes. Hanged on St Michael's Hill. Loveday worked as a waiter before keeping a public house on Tower Street, Bristol while Burke was a

4238:

Egberts, 19, strangled and burnt; corrected the judge when age was listed incorrectly in sentence, and bowed saying "It is all right, sir," before leaving.

12496:

Local records; or, Historical register of remarkable events, which have occurred in Northumberland and Durham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Berwick-upon-Tweed

7098:

barracks in May 1823 - they were both privates in the 53rd regiment. He was sentenced by Mr. Justice Holroyd and hanged at the New Drop, Northamptonshire

6487:'s sponsorship. Chambers protested at his execution that in Italy he was able to suppress his urges as a Catholic, but quickly relapsed in Protestantism. 6081:

Drowned in Geneva. His partner, Ramel, was given a reduced sentence due to his age. Branlard had never had a relationship with a woman per court records.

13563: 3329:

Hanged in Naples with Nicola Fanfano. At his execution he admitted that his implication of Fanfano was made under torture, but Fanfano was still hanged.

12153: 13739: 13734: 13729: 13664: 13659: 13543: 13428: 13345: 13875: 13749: 13744: 13719: 13714: 13694: 13674: 11869: 698:; made an edifying speech to his parishioners speech before he was executed, and organized pilgrimages were made to the execution site afterwards. 13585: 13066:"Full particulars of the trials and execution of Richard Sheppard and John Sparshott, who were executed at Horsham, on Saturday, Aug. 22nd, 1835" 11641: 8745: 6442: 3340:

20-year-old Paduan noble, son of Girolamo Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten. Described as "scandalous" and "without

13533: 13192: 12620: 12333: 12272: 11796: 1466:. Two from a group of six tried by the Council, and the only ones executed due to their active status; the others received lesser punishments. 13631: 13538: 13305: 12908: 6693:

for seven years. His co-accused Hugh Gribble was reprieved owing to mental incapacity. Crispin acknowledged his guilt but showed no remorse.

8715: 6623:

Trial at Hampshire assizes 5 March. Whatley, aged 41 and also known as Richard Churchill, was convicted of sodomy against Benjamin Dupre, a

4102:

60-year-old candlemaker, distiller, and a gentleman's servant, strangled and burnt in Rotterdam, and their ashes dumped from a boat at sea.

13813: 7545: 12747:

The Trial of Arden, Candler and Doughty, The Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury, etc. 1823, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, via British Library

11612: 13808: 12560: 7065: 5051:

Male prostitute, burned in Madrid; present at the trials of two high-ranking clients, Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borgia and the Count of

9691: 13724: 13709: 13704: 13699: 13689: 13684: 13679: 13669: 13654: 13386: 13365: 12108: 8217: 1061: 13610: 13185: 10612: 8064:" A qui lira ": Littérature, livre et librairie en France au XVIIe siècle: Actes du 47e congrès de la NASSCFL (Lyon, 21-24 juin 2017) 5655:

in 1419; executed for multiple relationships with male adolescents. Reportedly offered a 14-year-old "clothes" for accompanying him.

4410:, declared in interrogation he had never slept with a woman and had committed sodomy "hundreds of times". Last execution in Leiden. 4232:

Rol, 32 or 36, from Esinga, strangled and burnt; swayed back and forth upon being sentenced and bowed to all present before leaving.

593: 13845: 13323: 13012: 10906: 6322:

Possibly executed in Lucerne; claimed to have been "seduced" as a young man "in foreign countries" by an apprentice from Fribourg.

11730: 10149:

Social and Religious History of the Jews - Late Middle Ages and Era of European Expansion, 1200-1650: Resettlement and Exploration

8062: 8013: 5474: 13646: 13548: 13393: 13358: 13351: 11324: 7996: 7929: 7768: 7741: 4123:

Grain carrier, glove launderer, agent, and tavern keeper; hanged and thrown into the sea at Scheveningen with 100-pound weights.

9666: 8301: 8089: 7979: 7899: 6357:

Age 80, arrested for making a pass in an inn. Openly admitted to having had relations with many people in Geneva and elsewhere "

4244:

Hendrik Cornelisz, 21, strangled and burnt; said "I forgive you and thank you gentlemen for the sentence which I shall receive."

14021: 13860: 13493: 13103: 8985: 8589: 8547: 8035: 7442: 7011:

A watchmaker aged 26 who was tried at the Guildhall, Newcastle and hanged at Morpeth. His funeral was attended by 2000 people.

6492: 3626: 2470:

family (Bargellini) and a Jew (Orsini), beheaded together in Bologna. Orsini converted to Christianity before the execution as

1370:

Burned in Piazza del Mercato, Bologna. Guglielmi's house in Valdonica was also burned and his heirs' property was confiscated.

12878: 12411: 12384: 11140: 10879: 10174: 9950: 7469: 13035: 12974: 12848: 12761: 12718: 12651: 12530: 12465: 12448: 12421: 12394: 12303: 12233: 12193: 12123: 12065: 12034: 11976: 11830: 11766: 11672: 11553: 11536: 11526: 11509: 11499: 11468: 11437: 11404: 11343: 11293: 11262: 11232: 11171: 11076: 11045: 11014: 10983: 10916: 10889: 10862: 10835: 10706: 10675: 10648: 10622: 10584: 10554: 10524: 10497: 10451: 10441: 10421: 10387: 10351: 10324: 10297: 10270: 10243: 10216: 10184: 10157: 10147: 10060: 10004: 9960: 9933: 9906: 9879: 9832: 9788: 9748: 9701: 9023: 8969: 8873: 8863: 8599: 8557: 8530: 8417: 8390: 8358: 8311: 8284: 8257: 8227: 8193: 8183: 8166: 8139: 8072: 8045: 7939: 7909: 7879: 7751: 7725: 7689: 7585: 7575: 7555: 7479: 7452: 7425: 11892: 10952: 10825: 10544: 10487: 10206: 8959: 8156: 14026: 13316: 13216: 11373: 11201: 10079: 8380: 7798: 7195: 6889:

Ensign John Newball Hepburn, in his forties, and Drummer Thomas White, 16, tried at the Old Bailey and hanged in front of

5824:; arrested for theft, found to have had relations with several men of superior age and economic status. First seduced by a 3673: 1747:

Decapitated on a high platform between two columns in Piazza di San Marco, Venice, and burned. Also convicted of homicide.

10260: 8434: 4885:. His partner, Genoese apprentice sailor António Varesa, drowned on 27 April 1520 when thrown overboard by his shipmates. 3379:

Tortured, strangled with a noose and burned in Milan; also convicted of other crimes. His accomplices were also tortured.

14011: 13160: 10852: 10314: 10287: 10129: 9778: 8274: 8247: 7825: 6670:

A Methodist preacher, he was tried at Surrey assizes on 22 March and taken from New Gaol to be hanged on Peckham Common.

5558:"The nefarious offender of this royal jail", burned in Mexico City and his body reduced to ashes in the accustomed site. 10933: 9822: 8436:

Monumenta Germaniae historica inde ab anno Christi quingentesimo usque ad annum millesimum et quingentesimum: Scriptorum

5539:

Indigenous, sentenced to burn in Mexico City for the "nefarious crime"; on the way to be executed, members of the local

1681:

footman; strangled and burned in Pratello, Florence. Converted to Christianity nine months prior. Buried in the temple.

537:) of his pains, was condemned to be first hanged, and afterwards burnt - a sentence carried out the next day" in Paris. 488:

in 1559. His "too free association with his young students made him fall into a crime", and he was subsequently burned.

13445: 9738: 8809:"Elenco delle condanne capitali eseguite a Venezia, dalle origini della Repubblica alla sua caduta | Conoscere Venezia" 7023: 1985: 898:

Decapitated in Augsburg. Wagner was caught giving Will a jacket and a rapier "as an outward sign of their connection."

31: 10095: 9852: 8348: 4241:

Peter Cornelisz, 20 or 21, strangled and burnt; appeared to be about to faint as sentence was read but sighed instead.

14016: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 11933: 11713: 11596: 10638: 8624: 8496: 8382:

How Sex Got Screwed Up: The Ghosts that Haunt Our Sexual Pleasure - Book One: From the Stone Age to the Enlightenment

7389: 5135:

Sodomite group, burned together in Seville by secular authorities. Maldonado, a member of a "well-to-do family" from

6251:; Chappuis, age 15, Genevan) and 3 Muslim converts to Calvinism (Mohamet, age 35, from Martara; Assan, age 20, from 13960: 13329: 13208: 13073: 12949: 12508: 10665: 10050: 9923: 9869: 7995:

Maine, François Grudé “de” La Croix Du; Maine (Antoine), Francois Grude sieur de et Du-Verdier La-Croix du (1773).

2134:

Executed (Barone unknown, Bevaceto beheaded, Russitano and Scolaro strangled) and burned in Palermo. The father of

13169: 11949:

Cocks, Harry (2006). "Safeguarding Civility: Sodomy, Class and Moral Reform in Early Nineteenth-Century England".

9896: 8328: 7379: 4018:

Occupation unknown, milkman, coat embroiderer, occupation unknown, and servant, hanged and thrown into the sea at

2467: 17: 13125: 11613:"Catalogue description Report of Giles Rooke on Joseph Bird, convicted at the 'last' Warwickshire Assizes for..." 10111: 9994: 8407: 6965: 5520:

Sentenced to death and their corpses burned in Mexico City "for the grave crime of Sodomy"; case reported in the

1108: 12701:

Old Bailey Proceedings Online (www.oldbaileyonline.org, version 8.0, 27 March 2021), September 1822 (18220911).

12598: 7471:

The Sexual History of London: From Roman Londinium to the Swinging City---Lust, Vice, and Desire Across the Ages

6590:

anyone else and Arnold was reported to have kissed Critchard's hand before the cart was pulled from under them.

5469:

Two mulattoes and three blacks, burned in San Lázaro, Mexico City; caught in the act at Juan de Ávila's mill in

5456:

resident of La Lagunilla, publicly burned in the public market of San Juan, Mexico City on a Monday at 4:00 PM.

13518: 13379: 10574: 10514: 9361:

Sherr, Richard (1991). "A canon, a choirboy, and homosexuality in late sixteenth-century Italy: a case study".

1047: 625: 10804: 7026:, who was being held at Newgate. Hobhouse noted in his diary, "Tis dreadful hanging a man for this practice". 6933:

Trial at the Kent Assizes in Maidstone, hanged at Penenden Heath. Ottaway, 33, and Youens, 21, were soldiers.

13965: 13955: 12161: 9163:

Registro de' giustiziati della società (congregazione) di s. Giovanni Decollato detta de' Bianchi (1471-1760)

5915:. Tried alongside Hans Räs for "unchristian and heretical (sodomitical) acts". They had met while working in 4982: 4978: 1006: 1319:

Barber, burned in Venice. Resisted interrogative torture, refusing to and retracting any given confessions.

531:

Italian priest accused of sodomy, one of three tortured prisoners. He, "having confessed by all rigorosity (

13253: 7215: 5711: 5507:

A mulatto and a mestizo, burned together in Mexico City; a black man was publicly shamed as an accomplice.

5453: 2425: 1264:

Venetian boatman and his servant, burned by the Lords of Night. Marmagna was married to Braganza's sister.

9514:

Prosperi, Adriano (2007). "L'abiura dell'eretico e la conversione del criminale. Prime linee di ricerca".

363: 13244: 5351:

of wood were needed to burn all 12 over a 7-hour period, "something never seen or heard of in Valencia".

4250:

Idses, 18, strangled and burnt; told the court "I forgive you for the sin you have committed against me."

1223: 12748: 10377: 9182:

Storia arcana ed aneddotica d'Italia, raccontata dai veneti ambasciatori annotata ed ed. da F. Mutinelli

8185:

Church and Society in Eighteenth-century France: The clerical establishment and its social ramifications

7962: 13934: 13883: 13800: 13636: 13486: 13224: 12791: 7179: 7166: 3726: 1019: 672: 659: 654:

in 1742. They were pierced in their tongues, hanged and burned; they were also charged with blasphemy.

39: 11649: 4732:

Llobera, a councilor of Barcelona in 1463, and Polo, an "immoral hermit", were strangled and burnt in

972: 13590: 13239: 12363: 4157:

Chief of detectives in the Navy, strangled and thrown in water with a 100-pound weight in Amsterdam.

1911: 12628: 12341: 12280: 11804: 8450: 6448:

homosexuality, including the table below, may inadvertently include men executed for such offences.

4828: 4810:, seen hanged upside down in the same manner as the Italians by the same German traveler in Madrid. 3087:

Formerly of Guardia de' Lioni, strangled on a stake and burned in the middle of Pratello, Florence.

13759: 13626: 13424: 9925:

The Savage Shore: Extraordinary Stories of Survival and Tragedy from the Early Voyages of Discovery

7205: 6910:

Park. Myers was hanged at Fengate, Peterborough, the last man to be publicly executed in the city.

5172: 4629: 3730: 2690: 1069: 45: 12916: 9118:

Benvenuti, Matteo (1882). "Come facevasi giustizia nello stato di Milano dall'anno 1471 al 1763".

8249:

A Hangman's Diary: The Journal of Master Franz Schmidt, Public Executioner of Nuremberg, 1573?1617

4989:

and a great sodomite," so he lured the interpreter out by claiming he had presents to give to the

13893: 13830: 13282: 8723: 7320:

Also reported as a suicide or execution, with some sources stating he too was sentenced to death.

7210: 6681:

Trial at Devon assizes 30 July. Hanged at Heavitree gallows near Exeter. Crispin, aged 45, was a

5175:). Described as "very well known for the dealings he had with good-looking gentlemen." He wore a 1073: 9561: 9533: 8129: 7679: 5272: 3540:, beheaded and burned in Venice by the Council of Ten for "sodomy having used many iniquities". 13901: 13605: 13528: 13406: 11619: 9718: 9631: 9444:

Zuccarello, Ugo (2000). "La sodomia al tribunale bolognese del Torrone tra XVI e XVII secolo".

7109:

Aged about 30 and from Witney and aged 22 and from Radstock, respectively, they were hanged at

6846:

himself with arsenic at Newgate the next month, less than a week before his execution was due.

6730:, hanged for sodomy on the ships' yardarm "despite his rank and excellent social connections." 6520: 4573: 3812:

A ship's captain and a young boy, executed (the captain burnt and the boy drowned) in Batavia.

1707:

for "having repeatedly scaled the walls of the seminary of said Perugia, on behalf of sodomy."

1650: 864: 12568: 12495: 11703: 11584: 10233: 7827:

Répertoire universel et raisonné de jurisprudence civile, criminelle, canonique et béneficiale

6126: 5522: 13984: 13600: 13510: 13479: 13288: 13249: 13229: 11921: 10081:

Alle de copyen van indagingen, als mede alle de gedichten op de tegenwoordige tyd toepasselyk

9039:

Penta, Pasquale (1903). "Pagine retrospettive. La pena di morte a Firenze dal 1328 al 1759".

8936: 8488: 8481: 7134: 6858: 6516: 5752: 3750: 2883: 749: 6259:) executed following trial for group homosexuality in Geneva. A 3rd European was acquitted. 3437:

and had regular relations with him, along with other heresies and blasphemies; tried by the

2388:

Body quartered and displayed in the streets of Palermo. Also convicted of theft and murder.

13595: 13259: 12702: 11106: 10341: 10097:

Schouw-tooneel soo der geëxecuteerde als ingedaagde over de verfoeilyke misdaad van sodomie

8061:

Bombart, Mathilde; Cornic, Sylvain; Keller-Rahbé, Edwige; Rosellini, Michèle (2020-08-31).

6726: 6291: 5916: 4733: 3478: 1861: 1428:) companions, Giovanni Basadona and Giovanni Filippo Priuli, were both exiled for 8 years. 1386:

Sicilian university law professor and his servant, beheaded in Piazza del Comune, Bologna.

1274: 1179: 423: 6479:. He was convicted of sodomy with one of his choirboys at the Exeter assizes; he lived in 4515:

66-year-old royal chaplain, burned in Lisbon; said to have resided over a "conventicle of

3422:

Hanged in Bologna; his eyes and nose were also cut off to render his body unrecognizable.

1984:

From a group of eleven, mostly Portuguese and Spanish, who were arrested in a church near

8: 13911: 13234: 12938:"EXECUTION OF CAPTAIN NICHOLLS.—THIS MORNING". London. 1833-08-12. pp. The Standard. 6885: 6632: 6501: 5622: 5052: 3936: 3707: 3003: 441: 13917: 11528:

Gentlemen of Uncertain Fortune: How Younger Sons Made Their Way in Jane Austen's England

10854:

The Anti-Christ's Lewd Hat: Protestants, Papists and Players in Post-Reformation England

4752:

Rajadell and Sori, a scribe, were drowned in a wine bucket and then burnt in La Rambla.

4713: 34:

and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by

13906: 13309: 11738: 10786: 10712: 8889:

Zazzu, Guido Nathan (1987). "Prostituzione e moralità pubblica nella Genova del '400".

6333:

Official burned in Geneva. Arrested for treason and homicide, confessed under torture.

5583: 4870: 4378:

Dutch, executed in Batavia. Jacobsz, a sailor, was formerly accused of sodomy in 1713.

4083: 3754: 1641: 1482:

Hanged in Venice by the Council of Ten. Baffo was married to the daughter of Piramo da

7022:

A pauper aged 26 who was an inmate at St. Giles's workhouse, his hanging was heard by

7000:

Trial at Kent Assizes in Maidstone for a crime in Chatham, executed on Penenden Heath

6438: 6178:

both men and women (she had never taken money for sex). She was subsequently drowned.

13523: 12444: 12417: 12390: 11929: 11709: 11592: 11532: 11505: 10912: 10885: 10858: 10831: 10790: 10778: 10702: 10671: 10644: 10618: 10580: 10550: 10520: 10493: 10447: 10417: 10383: 10347: 10320: 10293: 10266: 10239: 10212: 10180: 10153: 10056: 10000: 9956: 9929: 9902: 9875: 9828: 9784: 9744: 9697: 9396:

Marcocci, Giuseppe (2010). "Matrimoni omosessuali nella Roma del tardo Cinquecento".

9378: 9019: 8965: 8869: 8739: 8620: 8595: 8553: 8526: 8492: 8413: 8386: 8354: 8307: 8280: 8253: 8223: 8189: 8162: 8135: 8068: 8041: 7935: 7905: 7875: 7747: 7721: 7685: 7581: 7551: 7475: 7448: 7421: 7385: 6950: 6705: 6536: 6484: 4614: 4169: 4066:

House servant and Johannes Keep's servant, age 18, drowned in a barrel in Amsterdam.

3987: 3830: 3438: 2344:

Priest and boy, both burned in Rome even though they had both voluntarily confessed.

2031: 1989: 1197:. He did not believe his crime was serious and felt that if he was worthy of death, " 872:

German cross-dressing lesbian executed for heresy against nature after having used a

437: 384: 8993: 8849:

Alcune delle più clamorose condanne capitali eseguite in Venezia sotto la Repubblica

6544:. Other three members spared as they were white, "white men being scarce among us." 6223:

French soldier, age 25, and his valet (also French), age 18; both burned in Geneva.

3136:

34 or 40 and 43, hanged and burned in Florence. Sources are conflicting on details.

946:, committed sodomy together for 3 years until they were spotted in the act behind a 752:, and a peasant, burned in Augsburg for "having committed heresy with one another." 13420: 13177: 12886: 11954: 11298:

Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton

11237:

Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton

11176:

Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton

11148: 11081:

Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook Compiled by Rictor Norton

11050:

Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton

11019:

Homosexuality in Eighteenth-Century England: A Sourcebook compiled by Rictor Norton

10768: 10756: 10698:

Judicial tribunals in England and Europe, 1200–1700: The trial in history, volume I

10343:

Gay American history : lesbians and gay men in the U.S.A. : A documentary

9416:

Inventione di Giulio Pallavicino di scriver tutte le cose accadute alli tempi suoi

9370: 7094:

Aged 25, he was charged in June 1824 with Charles Paul, aged 17, for an offence at

6480: 5017: 4771: 3965: 3863:

and five "black" boys, executed (the Dane burnt, and the boys drowned) in Batavia.

3722: 3559:, suffocated and burned in the square of del Brolo, Milan, in front of S. Stefano. 2117: 1459: 375: 176: 13043: 12982: 12856: 12769: 12726: 12659: 12538: 12473: 12311: 12241: 12201: 12131: 12073: 12042: 11984: 11838: 11774: 11680: 11561: 11476: 11445: 11412: 11351: 11301: 11270: 11240: 11179: 11084: 11053: 11022: 10991: 10235:

The First Voyage around the World (1519-1522): An Account of Magellan's Expedition

9606: 7804:(in French). chez Debure Père, libraire, quai des Augustins, à l'image de S. Paul. 12438: 11898: 10960: 10611:

Bergin, Joseph; Betteridge, Tom; Roberts, Penny; Naphy, William G. (2002-10-11).

10411: 9477: 9180: 8522:

I confini dell'Eros: crimini sessuali e sessualità nella Venezia del Rinascimento

8520: 7966: 7715: 6628: 6504:, executed for sodomy with his male servants and procuring the rape of his wife. 5775:, returned from France with an ear and his penis missing for attempted sodomy in 5371:

Executed in Valencia outside of the inquisition palace "without making a noise".

5295: 5176: 4865: 4653: 4214:

Berents, 32, a Liplander, scorched alive and strangled before being burnt to ash.

3690: 3625:(teenage prostitute), both burned; execution described by the Scottish traveller 3503:

Cleric, decapitated on a platform between the two columns of St. Mark's, Venice.

2879: 2764: 2475: 2041: 1628: 1402:

From S. Michele di Mugello, hanged and burned in Florence. Buried in the temple.

1215: 1057: 477: 444:, from Nulli Saint-Front, hanged and burned (along with his trial) for sodomy in 11381: 11209: 10546:

Queer Masculinities, 1550-1800: Siting Same-Sex Desire in the Early Modern World

8834:

Guida insolita ai misteri, ai segreti, alle leggende e alle curiosità di Venezia

8451:"Il primo processo ad un sodomita in Italia - Cronica fiorentina anonima, 1293" 7130: 7070: 6890: 6827: 5672:, and his Genevan partner, both hanged; first executions in Geneva for sodomy. 4874: 4860: 3960: 3796: 3767: 3619: 2267: 1915: 1816: 1678: 1463: 651: 426:; dressed as a man, married another woman, and used "illicit devices"; hanged. 419: 367: 11589:

Fields, Fens and Felonies: Crime and Justice in Eighteenth-Century East Anglia

10413:

Forbidden Desire in Early Modern Europe: Male-Male Sexual Relations, 1400-1750

9562:"Storie d'ordinaria e straordinaria delinquenza nella Lombardia settecentesca" 9041:

Rivista mensile di psichiatria forense, antroplogia criminale e scienze affini

8158:

Unnatural Frenchmen: The Politics of Priestly Celibacy and Marriage, 1720-1815

7931:

Myth of the Modern Homosexual: Queer History and the Search for Cultural Unity

7048:

Aged 42 and 32 respectively, tried at the Old Bailey and executed at Newgate.

980: 14000: 13372: 10782: 10208:

Butterflies Will Burn: Prosecuting Sodomites in Early Modern Spain and Mexico

8483:

Forbidden Friendships, Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence

7296: 6686: 5541: 5430: 4949: 4532: 4235:

Donderen, 30, strangled and burnt; cried out "Oh! Oh!" upon hearing sentence.

3825:

Chinese, executed (two burned, two strangled and burned, and one drowned) in

3278: 3252: 2139: 2010: 1888:

Young man burned in Rome; many "false doors" were ordered closed that night.

1704: 1696: 1100: 462: 269:

bathhouse owner; his partner, carpenter Heinzmann Hiltebrant, fled the city.

10716: 10696: 10379:

Frontiers of Heresy: The Spanish Inquisition from the Basque Lands to Sicily

4915: 3477:

28-year-old barber of the boat in S. Giovanni de' Fiorentini, hanged on the

3028:

Son of Madonna Benedetta, burned in La Vetra, Milan; buried in S. Giovanni.

2366:

Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two clean-shaven young men.

13460: 11958: 11894:

Remarkable Trials at the Lancashire Assizes, Held August 1806, at Lancaster

9534:"Testi di storia gay - Gabriele Verri e la sodomia a Milano nel Settecento" 9464:

Oltre il patibolo. I fratelli della Morte di Modena tra giustizia e perdono

8891:

Studi genuensi / Istituto internazionale di studi liguri, Sezione di Genova

8808: 6362: 5912: 5067: 5033: 4896:

Rural priest, "relaxed" (handed over to be executed) to the secular arm by

4019: 3826: 3560: 1700: 1249: 1065: 975:, had committed sodomy in various places and times, including first with a 968: 776: 404: 9382: 9374: 8785:

Torturati impiccati squartati. La pena capitale a Firenze dal 1423 al 1759

8219:

The Material Culture of Sex, Procreation, and Marriage in Premodern Europe

8015:

Catalogue descriptif et raisonné des mss. de la Bibliothèque de Carpentras

13455: 13413: 13400: 13276: 12818:"The Execution of Benjamin Candler, Valet to the Duke of Newcastle, 1823" 7717:

The Death Penalty in Late-Medieval Catalonia: Evidence and Significations

6971: 6651: 4986: 4220:

Jans, 40 or 41, from Aduwert, strangled to death and burned; no response.

3881: 3457: 2573:

Weaver, partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.

2281:

Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with two young beardless men.

1736:

Decapitated on a high platform between two columns and burned in Venice.

1241: 1028: 939: 366:

who dressed as a man and married a maid of Foy; burned, case reported by

153: 10289:

The Age of Trade: The Manila Galleons and the Dawn of the Global Economy

9780:

Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History

7378:

Crompton, Louis (1981). Salvatore J. Licata; Robert P. Petersen (eds.).

6248: 5832:(French, Savoyards, etc.) of introducing "such viciousness" to Germans. 4223:

Hendrix, 40, from Nieuwkerk, strangled to death and burned; no response.

13450: 12909:"Before 1837 – Dying for love : pleasures, perils and punishments" 12364:"ExecutedToday.com » 1816: Four sodomite sailors of the Africaine" 9590: 7095: 6647: 6558: 6541: 6358: 5947: 5686: 4807: 3537: 2377:

Hanged and burned in Palermo for relations with a young beardless man.

2198: 1594: 984: 841: 266: 13133: 12954:

English Crime and Execution Broadsides - CURIOSity Digital Collections

12513:

English Crime and Execution Broadsides - CURIOSity Digital Collections

9480:(1932). "Giornali di Napoli dal 1547 al 1706 (a cura di N. Cortese)". 8091:

Catalogue général des manuscrits français de la Bibliothèque nationale

7161:

neck and bosoms of young women as a cure for glandular enlargements."

7064:

Respectively a gentleman and half-pay officer aged 35, a valet to the

5187:

at his execution, likely as forced humiliation rather than by choice.

4791: 4176:; previously had relationship with Dirk van Royen (see 12 June 1730). 920: 12749:

https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/trial-of-arden-candler-and-doughty

10881:

The American Byron: Homosexuality and the Fall of Fitz-Greene Halleck

7110: 6938:

John Ottaway (spelled variously Ottoway, Otooway, Ottway, and Otway)

6690: 6631:. He admitted that he had attempted the offence (which took place at 5889: 5494:, burned in Mexico City; caught in the act in the same textile mill. 5398: 5180: 4681: 4556: 4262:

Tamme Jansz, 14, strangled and burnt; remained silent when sentenced.

4190: 4002: 3915: 3898: 3780: 3564: 3556: 3453: 3408: 3341: 2116:

Strangled in Palermo; also executed was Giacopo di Giacopo, who made

1996: 1116: 943: 612: 515: 281: 214:; brother Jean given unknown sentence for same charge the next year. 12014:

OLD BAILEY, Oct 26. Saint James's Chronicle, London, 27 October 1808

10773: 9431:

La festa del mondo rovesciato. Giulio Cesare Croce e il carnevalesco

8350:

Washington's Gay General: The Legends and Loves of Baron von Steuben

6443:

LGBT rights in the United Kingdom § Homosexuality as an offence

5821: 5652: 5108:

Teenage boys, executed in Seville for "frolicking in bed together."

4265:

Iacobs, 16 or 18, from Nieuhooven, strangled and burnt; no response.

4226:

Wygers, 45, from Doefem, strangled to death and burned; no response.

1031:; her execution was the last for lesbian sexual activity in Europe. 987:. Beheaded with the sword "as a favour" before his body was burned. 12440:

Boys at Sea: Sodomy, Indecency, and Courts Martial in Nelson's Navy

10576:

Von Lust und Schmerz: eine historische Anthropologie der Sexualität

9952:

Hungochani: The History of a Dissident Sexuality in Southern Africa

9854:

Wawasan: Jurnal Ilmiah Agama dan Sosial Budaya, Vol. 5 No. 1 (2020)

7154:

John Spershott (also reported as John Sparshott and John Sparsholt)

6624: 6472: 6203: 6134: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5703: 5343: 5037: 4897: 4787: 4256:

Cornelis Jansz, 18; told the court "You may see how you direct me."

4205: 2995: 2705: 2003: 1722: 1553: 1230:

on December 29, 1348, who was only banished as he did not confess.

1194: 1119:. They were convicted under a law Atherton had voiced support for. 810: 695: 549: 500: 298: 137: 8330:

Selbstbewusstsein und Beharrlichkeit: zweihundert Jahre Geschichte

8060: 6103:

French, had a long-standing relationship; both drowned in Geneva.

5200:

7 adolescents under 21 years old, executed in Aragon (Saragossa).

2450:

Hanged together in Ponte, Rome, after being led through the city.

2399:

Hanged and burned in Bologna. Also convicted of theft and heresy.

1610:

Executed (one hanged and burned, the other quartered) in Bologna.

1286:

boy charged with being "a public and notorious passive sodomite".

1005:

after confessing to having sexual relations with each other under

10316:

The First Circumnavigators: Unsung Heroes of the Age of Discovery

6682: 6346:

3 partners of Pierre Canal, including a gatekeeper, all drowned.

6256: 5908: 5739: 5491: 5470: 5434: 5348: 5211: 5136: 4991: 4974: 4845: 4453: 4173: 3877: 3783:, drowned in a bag in Batavia, former partner of Joost Schouten. 3460:. His accomplice, 15-year-old Giovanni Stefano Barnaba Mordea of 3293: 3040: 2939:, hanged. He mocked the exhortations of clergy at the execution. 2655: 2610:

Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.

2596: 2562:

Partner of nobleman Francesco Sessa, hanged and burned in Milan.

2317: 2017: 1802: 1718: 1227: 1207: 1175: 1043: 998: 935: 98: 6422:

Italians, executed (one hanged and the other burned) in Geneva.

5473:. The site of their execution is today the location of Mexico's 13471: 10761:

Crime, Histoire & Sociétés / Crime, History & Societies

10757:"La noyade judiciaire dans la République de Genève (1558-1619)" 8409:

The Corrupter of Boys: Sodomy, Scandal, and the Medieval Clergy

7958:", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (Accessed January 1, 2006), 6476: 6406: 6252: 6067: 5825: 5719: 5669: 5309: 5121: 5092: 4882: 4878: 4696: 4497: 4407: 3638: 3634: 3581: 3514: 3404: 3355:

19-year-old friend of Borromeo, beheaded and burned in Venice.

3296:, carried on a cart on a donkey and then beheaded in Florence. 2936: 2244:

Hanged and burned in Palermo. Also convicted of country theft.

2024: 1970: 1670: 1219: 1171: 1002: 730: 691: 687: 346: 160: 10805:"ExecutedToday.com » 1610: Pierre Canal, Geneva sodomite" 9821:

Reyes, Raquel A. G.; Clarence-Smith, William G. (2012-07-26).

8937:"L'amministrazione della giustizia a Bologna nell'eta moderna" 6872:

Trial at the Chelmsford Summer Assizes, from Stanford-le-Hope

6861:. He was buried at Limehouse and left £1,500 to his daughter. 13502: 10851:

Lake, Peter; Lake, Peter; Questier, Michael C. (2002-01-01).

9996:

Misguided Love: Christians and the Rupture of LGBTQI2+ People

9898:

Beyond the Rainbow: A Study of What It Really Means to Be Gay

7201:

Criminalization of homosexuality in majority-Muslim countries

6949:

Trial at the Old Bailey, hanged aged 51 at Newgate alongside

6435:

History of violence against LGBT people in the United Kingdom

6409:, burned in Geneva; his partner, his French valet, banished. 6379: 6207: 5637: 4970: 4703:

before the execution, so he was drowned before being burned.

4669:

Servant, burned in Olite for relations with another servant.

4633: 3955: 3860: 3799:, burned in Batavia, also convicted of counterfeiting money. 3434: 2999: 2142:

to spare the men, but the executions were still carried out.

1798: 1759: 1538: 1283: 1245: 1156: 1112: 976: 947: 873: 608: 481: 445: 313: 252: 156: 120: 83: 10610: 7959: 7123:

Captain Henry Nicholl (also reported as Nichol and Nicholls)

6540:, executed as chief ringleader of a 4-man sodomite group at 6365:, and for poverty". Burned after this single interrogation. 136:

One of 17 defendants (including 2 women) at a mass trial in

10489:

Sins against Nature: Sex and Archives in Colonial New Spain

8713: 7577:

Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia

7174:

The last two men to be hanged for homosexuality in England

6040:

Executed in Geneva, was involved with Branlard (see 1561).

5651:

Burgher and noble, accused of robbing travelers outside of

5020:

peasants convicted of bestiality along with their animals.

4932:

Castilian soldier, executed in Saragossa awaiting a public

3464:, is sentenced to row oars in the royal fleet for 5 years. 3461: 2867:

Cloth weaver, strangled on a stake and burned in Florence.

745: 388: 211: 12689:

Kentish Weekly Post or Canterbury Journal, 11 January 1820

5779:; confessed to relations with men, including a cleric, in 5298:, burned in Seville; described as "fat, deaf, and blind." 4247:

Leuwes, 19, strangled and burned; sighed and quickly left.

13040: