1168:
1333:
1579:. Those who favour the practice say that this can highlight such issues as discriminatory historiography by, for example, putting into relief the extent to which same-sex sexual experiences are excluded from biographies of noted figures, or to which sensibilities resulting from same-sex attraction are excluded from literary and artistic consideration of important works, and so on. As well as that, an opposite situation is possible in the modern society: some LGBT-supportive researchers stick to the homosexual theories, excluding other possibilities.
1257:
describe homosexuality. The Pali Cannon, written in Sri Lanka between 600 BC and 100 BC, states that sexual relations, whether of homosexual or of heterosexual nature, is forbidden in the monastic code, and states that any acts of soft homosexual sex (such as masturbation and interfemural sex) does not entail a punishment but must be confessed to the monastery. These codes apply to monks only and not to the general population. The Kama Sutra written in India around 200 AD also described numerous homosexual sex acts positively.
583:
249:
1037:
672:
5156:
846:
731:
793:
42:
171:
the majority of the ancient sources prior to the onset of the
Abrahamic religions present homosexuality in the form of male domination or rape. Abrahamic religions played a key role in the spread of homophobia in further Asia, such as Islam through the Mongol Empire (where homosexuality was banned) to parts of Central Asia, Southern Asia and the Sinosphere, or Christianity through the numerous colonial adventures of European nations.
1398:
sexual behavior may reveal rather negative thoughts and views, the tomb inscription of Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep may instead suggest that homosexuality was likewise accepted. Ancient
Egyptian documents never clearly say that same-sex relationships were seen as reprehensible or despicable. And no Ancient Egyptian document mentions that homosexual acts were set under penalty. Thus, a straight evaluation remains problematic.
1599:) are routinely used in anachronistic contexts as mere descriptors or for ease of modern understanding; thus they have no qualms doing the same for sexual orientation. Academic works usually specify which words will be used and in which context. Readers are cautioned to avoid making assumptions about the identity of historical figures based on the use of the terms mentioned above.
1625:. Though slave boys could be bought, free boys had to be courted, and ancient materials suggest that the father also had to consent to the relationship. Such relationships did not replace marriage between man and woman, but occurred before and during the marriage. A mature man would not usually have a mature male mate (though there were exceptions, among whom
4304:
1507:, lesbians, street queens, and other street people fought back in the spirit of the civil rights movements of the era. This riot ended on the morning of 28 June, but smaller demonstrations occurred in the neighborhood throughout the remainder of the week. In the aftermath of the riots, many gay rights organizations formed such as the
1637:(loved one). Dover suggests that it was considered improper for the eromenos to feel desire, as that would not be masculine. Driven by desire and admiration, the erastes would devote himself unselfishly by providing all the education his eromenos required to thrive in society. In recent times, Dover's theory suggests that
1671:'s political liberty was defined in part by the right to preserve his body from physical compulsion or use by others; for the male citizen to submit his body to the giving of pleasure was considered servile. As long as a man played the penetrative role, it was socially acceptable and considered natural for him to have
2681:
1302:
for example, even viewed heterosexuality as sinful and celebrated homosexuality instead. In many traditional
Melanesian cultures a prepubertal boy would be paired with an older adolescent who would become his mentor and who would "inseminate" him (orally, anally, or topically, depending on the tribe)
1200:
There are a handful of accounts by Arab travelers to Europe during the mid-1800s. Two of these travelers, Rifa'ah al-Tahtawi and
Muhammad al-Saffar, show their surprise that the French sometimes deliberately mis-translated love poetry about a young boy, instead referring to a young woman, to maintain
481:
instituted the first law against consensual, non-monetized homosexuality in China. However, the punishment designated, which included a month in prison and 100 heavy blows, was actually the lightest punishment which existed in the Qing legal system. Homosexuality started to become eliminated in China
453:
was the last dynasty to include a chapter on male companions of the emperors in official documents. During these dynasties, the general attitude toward homosexuality was still tolerant, but male lovers started to be seen as less legitimate compared to wives and men are usually expected to get married
1256:
South Asia has a recorded and verifiable history of homosexuality going back to at least 1200 BC. Hindu medical texts written in India from this period document homosexual acts and attempt to explain the cause in a neutral/scientific manner. Numerous artworks and literary works from this period also
170:
It is thought that ancient
Assyria (2nd millennium BC to 1st millennium AD) viewed homosexuality as negative and at least criminal, with the religious codes of Zoroastrianism forbidding homosexuality, and the rise of Judaism, Christianity and Islam leading to homophobia in much of the western world;
916:
in particular—were renowned for their widespread practice of same-sex love, engaged in by a considerable part of the male population and constructed along with the classical pattern of Greece and Rome. But even as many of the male population were engaging in same-sex relationships, the authorities,
762:
made homosexuality a legally punishable offense for the passive partner: "All persons who have the shameful custom of condemning a man's body, acting the part of a woman's to the sufferance of alien sex (for they appear not to be different from women), shall expiate a crime of this kind in avenging
1553:
was invented in the 20th century as sexual identities became defined by the predominant sex to which people are attracted and thus a label was needed for those who are not predominantly attracted to one sex. This points out that the history of sexuality is not solely the history of different-sex
1397:
It remains unclear what exact view the
Ancient Egyptians fostered about homosexuality. Any document and literature that actually contains sexually orientated stories never name the nature of the sexual deeds, but instead uses stilted and flowery paraphrases. While the stories about Seth and his
1385:
Egyptologists and historians disagree about how to interpret the paintings of Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep. Some scholars believe that the paintings reflect an example of homosexuality between two married men and prove that the
Ancient Egyptians accepted same-sex relationships. Other scholars
166:
Homosexuality was generally accepted in many ancient and medieval eastern cultures such as those influenced by
Buddhism, Hinduism, and Taoism. Homophobia in the eastern world is often discussed in the context of being an import from the western world, with some contending that definitions of
138:
Societal attitudes towards same-sex relationships have varied over time and place. Attitudes to male homosexuality have varied from requiring males to engage in same-sex relationships to casual integration, through acceptance, to seeing the practice as a minor sin, repressing it through law
334:
3047:
On homoeroticism in
Florence and Savonarola's campaign against it, Michael Rocke, Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence (New York, 1996). More generally, on youth culture, see Richard Trexler, Public Life in Renaissance Florence (New York,
982:, served to highlight the issue, including in anonymously authored street pamphlets: "The world is chang'd I know not how, For men Kiss Men, not Women now;...Of J. the First and Buckingham: He, true it is, his Wives Embraces fled, To slabber his lov'd Ganimede"
1150:
was convicted of "gross indecency" in the United
Kingdom, and lurid details from the trials (especially those involving young male sex workers) led to increased scrutiny of all facets of relationships between men. The most destructive backlash occurred when the
1085:, published in 1896, challenged theories that homosexuality was abnormal, as well as stereotypes, and insisted on the ubiquity of homosexuality and its association with intellectual and artistic achievement. Although medical texts like these (written partly in
1227:
Some ancient religious Assyrian texts may have contained prayers for divine blessings on homosexual relationships, though the same source acknowledges that homosexuality was regarded as reprehensible, and no less than criminal. Freely pictured art of
1488:, the different-sex sexual ideal became completely separated from procreation, yet at the same time was distanced from same-sex sexuality. Many people viewed this freeing of different-sex sexuality as leading to more freedom for same-sex sexuality.
291:". This new term has not been universally accepted, having been criticized by traditional communities who already have their own terms for the people being grouped under this "urban neologism", and by those who reject what they call the "western"
1582:
However, many, especially in the academic world, regard the use of modern labels as problematic, owing to differences in the ways that different societies constructed sexual orientation identities and to the connotations of modern words like
2593:
Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China by Bret Hinsch; Review by: Frank Dikötter. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 55, No. 1(1992), Cambridge University Press, p.
3613:
The complete Kāma Sūtra : the first unabridged modern translation of the classic Indian text by Vātsyāyana : including the Jayamangalā commentary from the Sanskrit by Yashodhara and extracts from the Hindi commentary by Devadatta
1613:
Greek men had great latitude in their sexual expression, but their wives were severely restricted and could hardly move about the town unsupervised if she was old enough that people would ask whose mother she was, not whose wife she was.
2413:: "The Two Spirit term was adopted in 1990 at an Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering to encourage the replacement of the term berdache, which means, 'passive partner in sodomy, boy prostitute.'" Accessed 6 April 2016
2043:
2. Male-to-male Intercourse as an Act of Domination. The majority of ancient sources present sexual-erotic intercation between people of same sex as an (often coerced) act of domination between the penetrating and the penetrated
1219:, asserted that there were no gay people in Iran. Gay people may live in Iran, however they are forced to keep their sexuality veiled from the society, funded and encouraged by government legislation and traditional norms.
461:
had a homosexual relationship with a Muslim leader named Sayyid Husain. In later Ming Dynasty, homosexuality began to be referred to as the "southern custom" due to the fact that Fujian was the site of a unique system of
1449:
Homosexuality was deemed to be a psychiatric disorder for many years, although the studies this theory was based on were later determined to be flawed. In 1973 homosexuality was declassified as a mental illness in the
441:
had one or more male sex partners. However, except in unusual cases, such as Emperor Ai, the men named for their homosexual relationships in the official histories appear to have had active heterosexual lives as well.
4299:
1012:, was published, but was suppressed almost immediately. It includes the passage: "Unnatural Desire is a Contradiction in Terms; downright Nonsense. Desire is an amatory Impulse of the inmost human Parts." Around 1785
961:" centered around an enigmatic and deceptive character who is also at one point described as "a gelding or a mare", suggesting that the narrator thought the Pardoner to be either a eunuch ("gelding") or a homosexual.
2917:
Procopius: Secret History: XIX. HOW HE SEIZED ALL THE WEALTH OF THE ROMANS AND THREW IT AWAY IN THE SEA AND ON THE BARBARIANS, translated by Richard Atwater, (Chicago: P. Covici, 1927; New York: Covici Friede, 1927)
449:, China became increasingly influenced by the sexual mores of foreigners from Western and Central Asia, and female companions began to replace male companions in terms of power and familial standings. The following
1554:
sexuality plus the history of same-sex sexuality, but a broader conception viewing of historical events in light of our modern concept or concepts of sexuality taken at its most broad and/or literal definitions.
437:(董賢); when Emperor Ai woke up later, he carefully cut off his sleeve, so as not to awake Dongxian, who had fallen asleep on top of it. Scholar Pan Guangdan (潘光旦) came to the conclusion that many emperors in the
652:
are, since it is apparently not in best interests of such rulers to have great ideas engendered in their subjects, or powerful friendships or physical unions, all of which love is particularly apt to produce".
4914:
1378:
tomb. In this mastaba, several paintings depict both men embracing each other and touching their faces nose-on-nose. These depictions leave plenty of room for speculation, because in Ancient Egypt the
279:
prior to European colonization, a number of Nations had respected ceremonial and social roles for homosexual, bisexual, and gender-nonconforming individuals in their communities; in many contemporary
1374:(c. 2494–2345 BC). Nyankh-Khnum and Khnum-hotep each had families of their own with children and wives, but when they died their families apparently decided to bury them together in one and the same
3387:
4869:
1143:, among others, argued that neither predominantly different- nor same-sex sexuality were the norm, instead that what is called "bisexuality" is the normal human condition thwarted by society.
295:
implications, such as implying that Natives believe these individuals are "both male and female". However, it has generally met with more acceptance than the anthropological term it replaced.
4401:
1303:
over a number of years in order for the younger to also reach puberty. Many Melanesian societies, however, have become hostile towards same-sex relationships since the introduction of
406:
and attitudes towards it varied through time, location, and social class. Chinese literature recorded multiple anecdotes of men engaging in homosexual relationships. In the story of
2183:, Studies in the History of Sexuality (New York, 1996; online edn, Oxford Academic, 3 Oct. 2011), https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195093032.003.0005, accessed 17 Aug. 2024.
1446:
to review the country's anti-sodomy laws; the final report advised decriminalizing consensual homosexual conduct, though the laws were not actually changed for another ten years.
2577:. Quoted by Coello de la Rosa, Alexandre. "Good Indians", "Bad Indians", "What Christians?": The Dark Side of the New World in Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (1478–1557),
3234:
1394:. No matter what interpretation is correct, the paintings show at the very least that Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep must have been very close to each other in life as in death.
4993:
4855:
4904:
4564:
4338:
1955:
2360:
4406:
3601:
Penrose, Walter (2001). Hidden in History: Female Homoeroticism and Women of a "Third Nature" in the South Asian Past, Journal of the History of Sexuality 10.1 (2001), p.4
1139:. His aim was to broaden the public perspective of homosexuality beyond its being viewed simply as a medical or biological issue, but also as an ethical and cultural one.
892:
and Allan A. Tulchin have argued that these arrangements amounted to an early form of same-sex marriage. This interpretation of these arrangements remains controversial.
287:
communities, these roles still exist. While each Indigenous culture has their own names for these individuals, a modern, pan-Indian term that was adopted in 1990 is "
1073:
In 1867 he became the first self-proclaimed homosexual person to speak out publicly in defense of homosexuality when he pleaded at the Congress of German Jurists in
178:, though homophobia remained rampant in both secular and religious governments in an attempt to uphold the "highest moral standards". The 19th century later saw the
2385:
3692:
4909:
888:("embrotherment") in France that allowed two men to share living quarters and pool their resources, sharing "one bread, one wine, one purse." Historians such as
1278:: "There are also third-sex citizens, sometimes greatly attached to one another and with complete faith in one another, who get married together." (KS 2.9.36).
3570:
1455:
1266:, the foundational work of Hindu law, mentions a "third sex", members of which may engage in nontraditional gender expression and homosexual activities. The
1002:
includes a homosexual scene, but this was removed in its 1750 edition. Also in 1749, the earliest extended and serious defense of homosexuality in English,
4899:
4843:
2297:
1135:
139:
enforcement and judicial mechanisms, and to proscribing it under penalty of death. In addition, it has varied as to whether any negative attitudes towards
2975:
4693:
4559:
1236:, dated from the 3rd millennium BC and onwards. Homosexual relationships with royal attendants, between soldiers, and those where a social better was
4792:
1156:
5073:
4874:
4645:
3482:
1356:. Only a handful of direct hints have survived to this day and many possible indications are only vague and offer plenty of room for speculation.
2799:
2342:
Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century
264:. Depicting a group of male warriors dancing around a male-bodied person in a woman's dress, non-Native artist George Catlin titled the painting
353:
The Spanish conquerors were horrified to discover sodomy openly practiced among native peoples, and attempted to crush it out by subjecting the
5020:
4605:
4569:
4004:
2795:
2505:
4617:
227:
argument is that no one in antiquity or the Middle Ages experienced homosexuality as an exclusive, permanent, or defining mode of sexuality.
2156:
975:
2483:
4948:
4860:
4683:
3775:
3060:
3743:
1641:
in light of massive evidence of ancient art and love poetry, a more emotional connection than earlier researchers liked to acknowledge.
4921:
4820:
106:
1216:
767:
expanded the proscription to the active partner as well, warning that such conduct can lead to the destruction of cities through the "
5010:
4640:
4622:
4411:
3238:
2081:
1327:
810:
78:
59:
5015:
4595:
1815:(2). Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Gadjah Mada: Center for Religious and Cross-cultural Studies (CRCS): 73–82 – via Phil.
3316:
5141:
4889:
4825:
3893:(Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 39; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality," pp. 545–546. Scholars disagree as to whether the
2357:
1735:
979:
539:, or "ladyboys," have been a feature of Thai society for many centuries, and Thai kings had male as well as female lovers. While
174:
European Enlightenment ideas contributed to the French revolutionaries indirectly decriminalising gay sex in 1789 as part of the
4976:
2706:
85:
4610:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4376:
4077:
2406:
1759:
182:
in Germany particularly in the aftermath of World War 1. The modern LGBTQ rights movement emerged in the 20th century with the
2647:
2539:
1683:, was disparaged, and in some circumstances penalized harshly. The bodies of citizen youths were strictly off-limits, and the
1591:
identify with any of the modern related terms, and that terms for other modern constructed or medicalized identities (such as
861:. Historians debate if there were any prominent homosexuals and bisexuals at this time, but it is argued that figures such as
5045:
4416:
3728:"Long-Distance Trade and Foreign Contact". Uganda. Library of Congress Country Studies. December 1990. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
2000:
280:
3431:
2908:
Joseph Robert Thornton, Bowers v. Hardrick: An Incomplete Constitutional Analysis, 65 U.N.C. L. Rev. 1100, 1100 n. 11 (1987)
1852:
1698:
1211:
Today, governments in the Middle East often ignore, deny the existence of, or criminalize homosexuality. Iranian President
1183:
299:
194:
1208:
countries, same-sex intercourse officially carries the death penalty in several nations, including Saudi Arabia and Iran.
429:(衛靈公) in which Mizi Xia shared an especially delicious peach with his lover. The story of the cut sleeve(断袖) recorded the
92:
5182:
4782:
4590:
4521:
2381:
1711:
1680:
1101:, as well as a much more informal, unpublicized movement among British intellectuals and writers, led by such figures as
857:
Through the medieval period in Europe, homosexuality was generally condemned and thought to be the moral of the story of
5005:
4600:
4585:
4396:
4333:
4219:
3127:
Gertz, Stephen J. "The Wages Of Sin: $ 80,000 For Rare Fanny Hill." Booktryst. Oct. 2012. Retrieved 15 July. 2017. <
1146:
These developments suffered several setbacks, both coincidental and deliberate. For example, in 1895, famed playwright
276:
3809:(Yale University Press, 1992, 2002, originally published 1988 in Italian), p. xi; Marilyn B. Skinner, introduction to
1762:, there is only limited evidence of legal penalties against men who were presumably "homosexual" in the modern sense.
4040:
3980:
3716:
3654:
3218:
3180:
3023:
3001:
2771:
2657:
2436:
2273:
1956:"Queer in the Age of the Queen: Gender and Sexuality of the Mid Modern Period in Victorian England and North America"
1094:
832:
372:
125:
74:
1805:"BUDDHISM AND CONFUCIANISM ON HOMOSEXUALITY: THE ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION BASED ON THE ARGUMENTS OF RELIGIOUS TEXTS"
1676:
5131:
5126:
4971:
4804:
2194:
1672:
1459:
3342:"Knowledge of ancient Hindu surgeons on Hirschsprung disease: evidence from Sushruta Samhita of circa 1200-600 bc"
3128:
2179:
Sibalis, Michael David, 'The Regulation of Male Homosexuality in Revolutionary and Napoleonic France, 1789–1815',
5136:
4787:
4710:
4657:
4652:
4269:
1608:
1167:
573:
2316:
1727:
4988:
4772:
3621:
1617:
Men could also seek adolescent boys as partners as shown by some of the earliest documents concerning same-sex
1345:
814:
63:
3414:
1731:
4983:
4777:
4737:
4688:
4509:
2979:
2131:
1654:
577:
498:
4998:
3298:"Homosexuality in the Ancient Near East, beyond Egypt by Bruce Gerig in the Ancient Near East, beyond Egypt"
4700:
4678:
4673:
4504:
4183:
3278:
Gay Rights Or Wrongs: A Christian's Guide to Homosexual Issues and Ministry, by Mike Mazzalonga, 1996, p.11
1706:
850:
649:
2622:
1352:: historians and egyptologists alike debate what kind of view the Ancient Egyptian society fostered about
608:
The formal practice, an erotic yet often restrained relationship between a free-born (i.e. not a slave or
5040:
4894:
4797:
4705:
4516:
4444:
4361:
4328:
3497:
3458:
2761:
1004:
602:
483:
380:
3014:
1294:, same-sex relationships were an integral part of the culture until the middle of the last century. The
1089:
to obscure the sexual details) were not widely read by the general public, they did lead to the rise of
5120:
5032:
4747:
4434:
4345:
4138:
4070:
2248:
1827:
1360:
711:) came to be applied to female homosexuality beginning in the 19th century. Sappho's poetry centers on
403:
338:
23:
3835:
Catharine Edwards, "Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome," in
2105:
99:
5055:
4489:
4460:
4178:
4048:
Gwen J. Broude and Sarah J. Greene, "Cross-Cultural Codes on Twenty Sexual Attitudes and Practices",
3852:(Oxford University Press, 1983, 1992), p. 225, and "Not before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the
2056:
1719:
1650:
1588:
1237:
933:
a good portion of that population. Many of the prominent artists who defined the Renaissance such as
660:, dismissed Plato's ideas about abolishing homosexuality (2.4); he explains that barbarians like the
179:
148:
140:
3142:
In Search of Lost Texts: Thomas Cannon's 'Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplified"
3057:
4881:
4381:
4284:
4254:
4193:
4173:
2515:
1540:
1503:. The riot began on Friday, June 27, 1969, during a routine police raid, when trans women and men,
1475:
889:
414:
376:
31:
3253:
1054:
628:
praised its benefits in his early writings but in his late works proposed its prohibition. In the
5107:
4848:
4465:
4391:
4386:
4289:
4249:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4214:
4198:
1715:(of no social standing) were acceptable sex partners for the dominant male citizen to penetrate.
1702:
1359:
The best known case of possible homosexuality in Ancient Egypt is that of the two high officials
803:
284:
52:
3158:
5192:
5187:
5160:
4940:
4366:
4323:
4313:
4294:
4279:
4274:
4264:
4244:
4188:
4163:
4143:
4122:
2463:
1479:
1371:
1332:
1308:
1106:
1009:
958:
776:
746:
were between older free men and slaves or freed youths who took the receptive role in sex. The
224:
220:
3769:
853:
and Anton Mätzler, accused of sodomy burned at the stake, Zurich 1482 (Zurich Central Library)
4835:
4470:
4439:
4318:
4259:
4168:
4148:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4063:
3096:
Kimmel, Michael S. "Love Letters Between a Certain Late Nobleman and the Famous Mr. Wilson."
2762:
International Bar Association. Conference (2000 : Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2014-05-22).
1992:
1545:
1524:
1066:
918:
866:
775:
of boys available for homosexual sex continued to be collected until the end of the reign of
3747:
1980:
1121:
wrote a string of pro-homosexual articles and pamphlets, and "came out" in 1916 in his book
4475:
4371:
4158:
4153:
3034:
Florentine proverb, ca. 1480. After Sabadino Degli Arienti in Le Porretane. Michael Rocke,
1508:
1058:
862:
323:
198:
3871:
Roman Military Service: Ideologies of Discipline in the Late Republic and Early Principate
1539:
and then published in two pamphlets in 1869. These became the standard terms when used by
1454:. In 1986 all references to homosexuality as a psychiatric disorder were removed from the
8:
4963:
2573:
2340:
1626:
1536:
1212:
1187:
989:
was published in 1723 in England and was presumed by some modern scholars to be a novel.
950:
144:
4020:
3695:
Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep – Evidence of Gay Relationships Exists as Early as 2400 B.C.?
3109:
1779:
1557:
Historical personalities are often described using modern sexual identity terms such as
1386:
disagree and interpret the scenes as an evidence that Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep were
941:
are believed to have had relationships with men. The decline of this period of relative
327:
5102:
3998:
3476:
3258:
2957:
2789:
2308:
1126:
870:
858:
768:
621:
471:
261:
163:
has historically been given less acknowledgment, explicit acceptance, and opposition.
3058:
Monica E. McAlpine, "The Pardoner's Homosexuality and How It Matters"; critical study.
1726:
that would precisely translate these concepts. A male citizen who willingly performed
223:
of sexuality foreign to their times, though others challenge this. A common thread of
5113:
5078:
4036:
4030:
3986:
3976:
3712:
3650:
3627:
3617:
3578:
3369:
3361:
3214:
3176:
3154:
3019:
2997:
2919:
2777:
2767:
2714:
2653:
2535:
2475:
2432:
2269:
1996:
1936:
1897:
1668:
1500:
1485:
1424:
1090:
938:
712:
463:
430:
311:
3791:
3411:
2961:
2312:
1738:
and passive sexual behaviors were directed particularly at "democratic" politicians
723:
and love (sometimes requited, sometimes not) for various women, but descriptions of
359:(as the Spanish called them) under their rule to severe penalties, including public
4953:
4016:
3357:
3353:
2949:
2862:
2840:
2551:
2471:
2459:
2280:
The author has made adapted and expanded portions of this book available online as
2034:
1988:
1928:
1889:
1443:
1291:
1229:
1118:
1102:
954:
942:
700:
426:
2612:
Hinsch, Bret. (1990). Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press.
1323:
582:
509:, has been documented for over one thousand years and had some connections to the
5063:
4926:
4026:
3889:
288a; Thomas Habinek, "The Invention of Sexuality in the World-City of Rome," in
3779:
3418:
3341:
2424:
2389:
2364:
2263:
1492:
1391:
688:
598:
458:
319:
248:
219:, have regarded this as risking the anachronistic introduction of a contemporary
216:
183:
2544:
glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture
1587:. Other academics acknowledge that, for example, even in the modern day not all
1270:, written in the 4th century, describes techniques by which homosexuals perform
1036:
597:
The earliest Western documents (in the form of literary works, art objects, and
5068:
3802:
3129:
http://www.booktryst.com/2012/10/the-wages-of-sin-80000-for-rare-fanny.html?m=1
2933:
1664:
1660:
1622:
1451:
1439:
1379:
1082:
1044:
1013:
946:
926:
881:
467:
152:
4011:
D. L. Davis and R. G. Whitten, "The Cross-Cultural Study of Human Sexuality",
2737:
2023:"Homosexuality : I. Ancient Near East and the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament"
5176:
4742:
4086:
3582:
3365:
3297:
3064:
3036:
Forbidden friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence
2994:
Forbidden Friendships: Homosexuality and Male Culture in Renaissance Florence
2781:
2479:
2243:
1940:
1901:
1747:
1685:
1496:
1431:
1353:
1262:
1195:
1140:
1098:
874:
303:
292:
253:
19:
3936:
Michael Groneberg, "Reasons for Homophobia: Three Types of Explanation," in
3631:
3546:
2934:"Same-Sex Couples Creating Households in Old Regime France: The Uses of the
1916:
3990:
3373:
3116:
2303:. In Duberman, Martin Bauml; Vicinus, Martha; Chauncey, George Jr. (eds.).
1932:
1755:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1152:
993:
934:
930:
759:
747:
739:
556:
552:
548:
478:
450:
446:
298:
Homosexual and gender-variant individuals were also common among other pre-
257:
228:
156:
27:
1893:
1274:. Further, such homosexual men were also known to marry, according to the
671:
394:, same-sex love has been referred to since the earliest recorded history.
167:"progress" on homosexuality (e.g. LGBT rights) as being Western-centric.
3522:
2281:
2157:"Colonialism, homophobia and the legality of gay sex in the Commonwealth"
1877:
1804:
1751:
1592:
1563:
1299:
1205:
1147:
1040:
1021:
922:
901:
764:
763:
flames in the sight of the people." In 558, toward the end of his reign,
720:
587:
438:
211:
3388:"Know all about Sushruta, the first ever plastic surgeon who was Indian"
2038:
1410:(1868–1903) the Kabaka of Buganda regularly had sex with his male page.
699:, was included by later classical Greek people in the canonical list of
517:
tradition. This same-sex love culture gave rise to strong traditions of
1596:
1499:
police officers and the patrons of the Stonewall Inn, a gay hangout in
1471:
1349:
1275:
1267:
998:
845:
817: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
724:
684:
645:
613:
544:
487:
355:
288:
3938:
Combatting Homophobia: Experiences and Analyses Pertinent to Education
987:
Love Letters Between a Certain Late Nobleman and the Famous Mr. Wilson
880:
Also during the medieval period, there were legal arrangements called
758:. However, after the transition to Christianity, by 390 A.D., Emperor
2817:
2547:
2510:
2244:
Review of David M. Halperin, "How to Do the History of Homosexuality"
2022:
1741:
1618:
1512:
1407:
1287:
1179:
1130:
1114:
1017:
743:
742:, the young male body remained a focus of male sexual attention, but
730:
641:
637:
633:
591:
434:
391:
360:
1328:
LGBT rights in Africa § History of male homosexuality in Africa
1173:
792:
41:
3910:(Oxford University Press, 1999, 2010), p. 304, citing Saara Lilja,
3882:
2953:
2579:
1367:
1271:
909:
772:
755:
716:
675:
Young women are depicted as surrounding Sappho in this painting of
617:
609:
530:
510:
422:
315:
267:
190:
3709:
Altägyptische Märchen. Mythen und andere volkstümliche Erzählungen
3523:"BuddhaNet Magazine Article: Homosexuality and Theravada Buddhism"
2679:
2649:
Passions of the cut sleeve: the male homosexual tradition in China
1069:
published a series of twelve tracts, which he collectively titled
1692:
1504:
1375:
1364:
1025:
751:
535:
518:
514:
490:
was imported to China along with Western science and philosophy.
466:, attested to by the scholar-bureaucrat Shen Defu and the writer
418:
342:
235:, which describe individuals exhibiting exclusive homosexuality.
202:
175:
160:
4055:
2766:. Graupner, Helmut, 1965–, Tahmindjis, Phillip. Binghamton, NY.
2283:
A Critique of Social Constructionism and Postmodern Queer Theory
1734:
was disparaged. In courtroom and political rhetoric, charges of
521:
and literature documenting and celebrating such relationships.
231:
has countered this argument by citing ancient Greek writings by
3098:
Issue 2; Issue 19 of Journal of Homosexuality Series: No. 19, N
1233:
1074:
913:
734:
Sappho reading to her companions on an Attic vase of c. 435 BC.
696:
692:
676:
665:
346:
333:
3850:
The Garden of Priapus: Sexuality and Aggression in Roman Humor
3254:"Despite Denials, Gays Insist They Exist, if Quietly, in Iran"
3235:"ILGA:7 countries still put people to death for same-sex acts"
1016:
wrote another defense, but this was not published until 1978.
3571:"Ancient India didn't think homosexuality was against nature"
3547:"Pali canon | Definition, Contents, & Facts | Britannica"
2812:
2082:"Genghis Khan's constitutional ban on homosexuality revealed"
1723:
1575:
1245:
1086:
949:
was precipitated by the rise to power of the moralizing monk
905:
625:
409:
307:
232:
1718:"Homosexual" and "heterosexual" were thus not categories of
1077:
for a resolution urging the repeal of anti-homosexual laws.
703:. The adjectives deriving from her name and place of birth (
624:, though occasionally blamed for causing societal disorder.
3075:
Reeser, Todd W. 2016. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1387:
1241:
661:
2195:"The Stonewall Riots Didn't Start the Gay Rights Movement"
3744:"GLBTQ >> social sciences >> Stonewall Riots"
3211:
Before Homosexuality in the Arab-Islamic World, 1500–1800
1917:"Bertrand de Jouvenel's Philosophy of Individual Liberty"
1569:
1133:
of homosexual literature from antiquity to his own time,
1005:
Ancient and Modern Pederasty Investigated and Exemplified
974:
The relationships of socially prominent figures, such as
632:(182B-D), Plato equates acceptance of homosexuality with
586:
Roman man penetrating a youth, middle of the 1st century
143:
have extended to all participants, as has been common in
2305:
Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past
1515:
march was held to mark the anniversary of the uprising.
1427:
progressed on very similar and often intertwined paths.
243:
1679:. Sex between male citizens of equal status, including
715:
and love for various personages and both genders. The
3456:
1981:"Reception History of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament"
1689:
imposed penalties on those who committed a sex crime
1456:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
601:) concerning same-sex relationships are derived from
3953:, pp. 214–215; Richlin, "Not before Homosexuality,"
3649:, University of California Press, pp. 128–136,
1423:
After World War II, the history of homosexuality in
1136:
Lieblingminne und Freundesliebe in der Weltliteratur
3824:
Prostitution, Sexuality and the Law in Ancient Rome
2764:
Sexuality and human rights : a global overview
884:("brother-making") in the Eastern Mediterranean or
66:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2976:"Could the Idea of Civil Unions Be 600 Years Old?"
2920:http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/proc/shp/shp22.htm
2339:
3792:http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/kertbeny_km_S.pdf
3317:"Would ancient India have supported Section 377?"
3171:Ellis, Havelock; Symonds, John Addington (1975),
2497:
1518:
5174:
4052:, Vol. 15, No. 4 (Oct., 1976), pp. 409–429.
3971:Campbell, David A., ed. (1982). "Introduction".
3432:"Live Blog: Supreme Court Rules Gay Sex Illegal"
2298:"Revolutions, Universals, and Sexual Categories"
664:accorded it a special honour (2.6.6), while the
3677:Homosexual Desire and Middle Kingdom Literature
3164:
2738:"History of Same-Sex Samurai Love in Edo Japan"
2652:. University of California Press. p. 142.
771:". Notwithstanding these regulations, taxes on
644:because of their despotic governments, just as
3927:(Cambridge University Press, 1993), pp. 63–64.
3213:. The University of Chicago Press. p. 2.
2860:
2838:
1921:Journal des Économistes et des Études Humaines
1853:"Homophobia is not solely a Western invention"
1442:. In 1957, the UK government commissioned the
4071:
3914:(Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1983), p. 122.
3912:Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome
3856:and the Roman Law against Love between Men,"
3340:Raveenthiran, Venkatachalam (November 2011).
2416:
1097:, which campaigned from 1897 to 1933 against
727:between women are few and subject to debate.
457:During the Ming Dynasty, it is said that the
3481:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3339:
3170:
2683:Nouvelle revue du XVIe siècle, Volumes 15–16
2399:
2369:American Indian Culture and Research Journal
2358:Two Spirits, Nádleeh, and LGBTQ2 Navajo Gaze
1048:
668:used it to regulate the population (2.7.5).
640:, saying that homosexuality "is shameful to
421:recorded an anecdote in the relationship of
363:, burning and being torn to pieces by dogs.
3610:
3421:, The Gay and Lesbian Vaishnava Association
3405:
3208:
2680:Société française des seiziémistes (1997).
2645:
2346:. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
2333:
2331:
2329:
2057:"Genghis Khan: Environmentalist, homophobe"
2027:Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception
1495:were a series of violent conflicts between
559:. They are generally accepted by society.
4078:
4064:
4003:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3925:The Politics of Immorality in Ancient Rome
3897:imposed the death penalty or a hefty fine.
3873:(Cambridge University Press, 2008), p. 93.
3813:(Princeton University Press, 1997), p. 11.
3463:. Digital Library of India Item 2015.39881
3100:. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. 1990.
2798:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2794:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2470:. Society for American Archaeology 16(2),
1828:"Column: Homophobia Is Not an Asian Value"
1663:shaped Roman homosexual practices. In the
1348:is a passionately disputed subject within
3711:. 10th Edition. Diederichs, Munich 1991,
3681:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA)
3638:
1914:
1071:Research on the Riddle of Man-Manly Love.
833:Learn how and when to remove this message
126:Learn how and when to remove this message
4025:
3970:
3826:(Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 326.
3161:) Volume: 3 Issue: 4, Volume: 4 Issue: 1
2896:
2528:
2422:
2326:
2230:
2223:
2020:
1985:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion
1709:, and entertainers or others considered
1465:
1331:
1166:
1035:
877:were engaged in same-sex relationships.
844:
729:
670:
581:
470:, and mythologized by in the folk tale,
332:
247:
215:applied to them; some scholars, such as
189:Many male historical figures, including
176:separation of secular and religious laws
2931:
2854:
2832:
2735:
2350:
2337:
2295:
2129:
1850:
5175:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3496:Jhamb, Prateeksha (October 22, 2017).
3085:Mundus Foppensis, or The Fop Display'd
2823:
2806:
2704:
2565:
2534:
2261:
2192:
1993:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.112
754:is renowned for his relationship with
4059:
3647:Ritualized Homosexuality in Melanesia
3644:
3495:
3314:
3251:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2503:
2458:
2452:
2374:
2154:
2079:
1978:
1953:
1336:Nyankh-khnum and Khnum-hotep kissing.
1157:targeted LGBT people in the Holocaust
433:of Han sharing a bed with his lover,
404:is widely documented in ancient China
244:Pre-colonization Indigenous societies
3252:Fathi, Nazila (September 30, 2007).
2707:"Sexuality in ancient China, part 2"
2382:Two Spirit Terms in Tribal Languages
2041:– via University of Helsinki.
2033:. Oxford University Press: 290–297.
1825:
1802:
1638:
1418:
1413:
1184:Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii
815:adding citations to reliable sources
786:
366:
64:adding citations to reliable sources
35:
5142:History of LGBT animated characters
4565:Asian and Pacific Islander diaspora
4021:10.1146/annurev.an.16.100187.000441
3858:Journal of the History of Sexuality
3701:
3662:
3498:"History of Homosexuality in India"
2978:. The NPR news blog. Archived from
2571:Mártir de Anglería, Pedro. (1530).
1875:
1232:, practiced as part of a religious
13:
3964:
3144:, Institute of Historical Research
2623:"History of Chinese homosexuality"
2597:
2429:Encyclopedia of gender and society
1915:Honeycutt, Kevin S. (2022-06-01).
1882:London Review of International Law
1675:, without a perceived loss of his
1363:. Both men lived and served under
1217:2007 speech at Columbia University
969:
895:
782:
277:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
14:
5204:
4085:
2431:. Los Angeles: SAGE. p. 64.
2307:. Penguin Books. pp. 17–36.
2132:"How Britain exported homophobia"
1602:
1436:Sexual Behavior in the Human Male
1095:Scientific Humanitarian Committee
1031:
551:, it most commonly is treated in
373:LGBT history in the United States
149:passive (penetrated) participants
5155:
5154:
5132:Bloomsbury Group in LGBT history
5127:Transgender Oral History Project
4015:, Vol. 16: 69–98, October 1987,
3973:Greek Lyric I:Sappho and Alcaeus
3807:Bisexuality in the Ancient World
3683:, vol. 81, 1995, pp. 57–76.
2582:Review of Latin American Studies
2423:de Vries, Kylan Mattias (2009).
2193:Halley, Catherine (2019-06-12).
2155:Jones, Timothy W. (2013-11-14).
2106:"A brief history of queer China"
2021:Nissinen, Martti Heikki (2016).
1659:The "conquest mentality" of the
1460:American Psychiatric Association
1281:
1248:, and punishments were applied.
791:
349:in 1513; New York Public Library
40:
5137:List of LGBTQ awareness periods
4684:Sexual orientation and medicine
3943:
3930:
3917:
3900:
3876:
3863:
3842:
3829:
3816:
3796:
3785:
3762:
3731:
3722:
3686:
3604:
3595:
3563:
3539:
3515:
3489:
3450:
3424:
3380:
3333:
3308:
3290:
3281:
3272:
3245:
3227:
3202:
3197:Die Männer mit dem rosa Winkel.
3189:
3147:
3134:
3121:
3103:
3090:
3078:
3069:
3051:
3041:
3028:
3006:
2986:
2968:
2925:
2911:
2902:
2889:
2886:, Oxford UP, 1959, pp. 142–146.
2876:
2755:
2729:
2698:
2673:
2639:
2615:
2587:
2486:from the original on 2004-11-05
2289:
2255:
2236:
2211:
2186:
2173:
2148:
2123:
2098:
2073:
2049:
1644:
1621:relationships, which come from
1609:Homosexuality in ancient Greece
1201:their social norms and morals.
802:needs additional citations for
574:Homosexuality in ancient Greece
238:
51:needs additional citations for
3460:The Ramayana Of Valmiki Vol. 2
3358:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.07.007
2705:Manoli, Maria (May 30, 2017).
2542:. In Claude J. Summers (ed.).
2181:Homosexuality in Modern France
2080:Cohen, Benjamin (2007-08-29).
2014:
1972:
1947:
1908:
1869:
1844:
1819:
1803:Fian, Andi (2 December 2022).
1796:
1772:
1677:masculinity or social standing
1519:Historiographic considerations
1511:(GLF). A year later the first
1346:Homosexuality in ancient Egypt
1222:
1162:
719:of many of her poems speak of
679:"Sappho sings for Homer", 1824
454:and continue the family line.
1:
4013:Annual Review of Anthropology
3891:The Roman Cultural Revolution
2942:The Journal of Modern History
2865:. Online Etymology Dictionary
2843:. Online Etymology Dictionary
2736:Fabiana, Diletta (May 2017).
2265:Myth of the Modern Homosexual
2220:, Craig Arthur Williams, p.60
1979:Markl, Dominik (2020-03-31),
1878:"The locations of homophobia"
1851:Laidlaw, Emily (2014-02-03).
1765:
1655:Homosexuality in ancient Rome
1382:normally represented a kiss.
1251:
904:, wealthy cities in northern
612:) adult male and a free-born
578:Homosexuality in ancient Rome
345:upon Indian practitioners of
4505:List of years in LGBT rights
3346:Journal of Pediatric Surgery
3209:El-Rouayheb, Khaled (2005).
3199:Merlin-Verlag, Hamburg 1972.
2829:Plato, Laws, 636D & 835E
1809:Journal of Religious Studies
1430:In 1948, American biologist
1361:Nyankh-Khnum and Khnum-hotep
1020:for sodomy continued in the
964:
851:Richard Puller von Hohenburg
590:. Found in Bittir (?), near
567:
385:
7:
4417:at Brigham Young University
3940:(LIT Verlag, 2011), p. 193.
3782:. Retrieved 2012-01-05, p.2
3759:. Retrieved 2012-01-05, p.1
3140:Gladfelder, Hal (May 2006)
2356:Estrada, Gabriel S. 2011. "
1987:, Oxford University Press,
1099:anti-sodomy laws in Germany
636:, and its suppression with
484:Self-Strengthening Movement
381:Gay men in American history
10:
5209:
5183:History of human sexuality
3645:Herdt, Gilbert H. (1984),
3457:Shastri, Hari Prasad, Tr.
3153:Journal of Homosexuality (
2932:Tulchin, Allan A. (2007).
2427:. In O'Brien, Jodi (ed.).
2249:Bryn Mawr Classical Review
1826:Wong, Brian (2020-12-17).
1648:
1606:
1469:
1324:LGBT history § Africa
1321:
1193:
571:
370:
75:"History of homosexuality"
24:History of human sexuality
17:
5150:
5095:
5054:
5031:
4962:
4939:
4834:
4813:
4765:
4756:
4730:
4723:
4666:
4633:
4578:
4552:
4497:
4488:
4453:
4427:
4354:
4207:
4131:
4100:
4093:
3012:Ruggiero, Guido, (1985),
2506:"Latin America: Colonial"
1651:Sexuality in ancient Rome
1589:men who have sex with men
1438:, popularly known as the
1401:
1317:
1109:. Beginning in 1894 with
1050:La longue marche des gays
562:
256:(1796–1872) while on the
205:, have had terms such as
180:first homosexual movement
141:men who have sex with men
4560:South Asian and diaspora
4032:The History of Sexuality
2992:Rocke, Michael, (1996),
2136:Migrants' Rights Network
1960:Molly Brown House Museum
1722:, and no words exist in
1541:Richard von Krafft-Ebing
1476:Timeline of LGBT history
1340:
1238:submissive or penetrated
1182:, (ca 1905–1915), photo
695:, born on the island of
493:
397:
377:Lesbian American history
32:Timeline of LGBT history
5108:GLBT Historical Society
4890:Spanish Second Republic
3436:The Wall Street Journal
2861:Douglas Harper (2001).
2839:Douglas Harper (2001).
2574:Décadas del Mundo Nuevo
2425:"Berdache (Two-Spirit)"
2268:. Bloomsbury Academic.
2262:Norton, Rictor (2016).
917:under the aegis of the
524:
4870:Medieval Islamic world
3693:Dena Connors-Millard:
3015:The Boundaries of Eros
2584:, Vol. 3, No. 2, 2002.
2396:. Accessed 23 Sep 2015
2338:Boswell, John (1980).
2296:Boswell, John (1989).
2130:mrlewis (2023-02-24).
1933:10.1515/jeeh-2022-0016
1876:Rao, R. (2014-09-01).
1780:"Sexuality and gender"
1480:Category:LGBTQ history
1337:
1191:
1107:John Addington Symonds
1065:Between 1864 and 1880
1062:
1049:
854:
735:
680:
599:mythographic materials
594:
513:monastic life and the
499:Homosexuality in Japan
350:
272:
4900:Democratic transition
3616:. Park Street Press.
2627:www.chinadaily.com.cn
2061:www.chinadaily.com.cn
1546:Psychopathia Sexualis
1525:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
1523:In an 1868 letter to
1466:LGBT rights movements
1380:nose-on-nose touching
1335:
1322:Further information:
1286:In many societies of
1194:Further information:
1170:
1067:Karl Heinrich Ulrichs
1055:Découvertes Gallimard
1039:
919:Officers of the Night
867:Richard the Lionheart
848:
733:
674:
616:, was valued for its
585:
572:Further information:
543:may encompass simple
501:, variously known as
445:With the rise of the
415:Spring and Autumn Era
413:(余桃), set during the
339:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
336:
251:
4694:in the United States
4570:African and diaspora
3822:Thomas A.J. McGinn,
3707:Emma Brunner-Traut:
3611:Vātsyāyana. (1994).
3315:Pattanaik, Devdutt.
3241:on October 29, 2009.
3038:, Oxford, 1996; p.87
2982:on 20 November 2008.
2646:Bret Hinsch (1992).
1954:Casey (2016-06-07).
1509:Gay Liberation Front
1406:In the 19th century
992:The 1749 edition of
811:improve this article
685:female homosexuality
184:1969 Stonewall riots
161:Female homosexuality
60:improve this article
5121:Transgender History
4915:Zapatero government
4905:González government
3975:. Cambridge, Mass.
3951:Roman Homosexuality
3923:Catharine Edwards,
3908:Roman Homosexuality
3860:3.4 (1993), p. 525.
3719:, pp. 178–179.
3675:Richard Parkinson:
3438:. December 11, 2013
2504:Pablo, Ben (2004),
2464:"Appropriate Terms"
2242:Thomas K. Hubbard,
2218:Roman Homosexuality
1894:10.1093/lril/lru010
1699:freeborn male minor
1633:(lover) to a young
1629:); he would be the
1627:Alexander the Great
1537:Karl-Maria Kertbeny
1213:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
1188:Library of Congress
959:The Pardoner's Tale
951:Girolamo Savonarola
683:Little is known of
151:, as was common in
145:Abrahamic religions
5103:LGBT History Month
4738:Conversion therapy
4377:Dominican Republic
4035:, Pantheon Books,
3869:Sara Elise Phang,
3778:2015-04-27 at the
3575:The Times of India
3551:www.britannica.com
3417:2013-08-27 at the
3259:The New York Times
2884:Sappho and Alcaeus
2815:, Phaedrus in the
2686:. Droz. p. 14
2388:2015-01-02 at the
2363:2015-05-13 at the
1857:Kill Your Darlings
1673:same-sex relations
1338:
1192:
1127:Elisar von Kupffer
1123:My Days and Dreams
1117:activist and poet
1063:
1024:until 1803 and in
980:Duke of Buckingham
871:Philip II Augustus
859:Sodom and Gomorrah
855:
736:
681:
656:Aristotle, in his
622:population control
620:and as a means of
618:pedagogic benefits
595:
472:The Leveret Spirit
351:
273:
262:Sac and Fox Nation
5170:
5169:
5114:Queers in History
5091:
5090:
4935:
4934:
4719:
4718:
4689:Same-sex marriage
4484:
4483:
3837:Roman Sexualities
3811:Roman Sexualities
3527:www.buddhanet.net
3352:(11): 2204–2208.
3287:Greenberg, p. 126
2899:, p. xi–xii)
2717:on April 23, 2019
2002:978-0-19-934037-8
1549:(1886). The term
1501:Greenwich Village
1486:Sexual Revolution
1425:Western societies
1419:The Western world
1414:Post–World War II
1190:, Washington, DC.
1091:Magnus Hirschfeld
996:'s popular novel
939:Leonardo da Vinci
843:
842:
835:
367:Post-colonization
302:civilizations in
136:
135:
128:
110:
5200:
5158:
5157:
5082:
5002:
4980:
4910:Aznar government
4878:
4864:
4852:
4763:
4762:
4728:
4727:
4495:
4494:
4402:before Stonewall
4308:
4098:
4097:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4045:
4027:Foucault, Michel
4008:
4002:
3994:
3958:
3947:
3941:
3934:
3928:
3921:
3915:
3906:Craig Williams,
3904:
3898:
3880:
3874:
3867:
3861:
3846:
3840:
3833:
3827:
3820:
3814:
3800:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3768:Andrew Matzner.
3766:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3746:. Archived from
3737:Andrew Matzner.
3735:
3729:
3726:
3720:
3705:
3699:
3690:
3684:
3673:
3660:
3659:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3567:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3543:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3480:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3454:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3443:
3428:
3422:
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3237:. Archived from
3231:
3225:
3224:
3206:
3200:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3173:Sexual Inversion
3168:
3162:
3151:
3145:
3138:
3132:
3125:
3119:
3107:
3101:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3055:
3049:
3045:
3039:
3032:
3026:
3010:
3004:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2929:
2923:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2900:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2821:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2793:
2785:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2713:. Archived from
2702:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2595:
2591:
2585:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2559:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2514:, archived from
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2472:UC-Santa Barbara
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2420:
2414:
2403:
2397:
2378:
2372:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2335:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2315:. Archived from
2302:
2293:
2287:
2279:
2259:
2253:
2240:
2234:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2190:
2184:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2161:The Conversation
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1823:
1817:
1816:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1784:academic.oup.com
1776:
1444:Wolfenden report
1390:, even possibly
1292:Papua New Guinea
1290:, especially in
1240:were treated as
1230:anal intercourse
1119:Edward Carpenter
1103:Edward Carpenter
1079:Sexual Inversion
1052:
955:Geoffery Chaucer
838:
831:
827:
824:
818:
795:
787:
701:nine lyric poets
427:Duke Ling of Wei
417:, the historian
221:social construct
131:
124:
120:
117:
111:
109:
68:
44:
36:
5208:
5207:
5203:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5166:
5146:
5087:
5076:
5050:
5027:
4996:
4974:
4958:
4931:
4895:Francoist Spain
4872:
4858:
4846:
4830:
4809:
4805:Medieval Europe
4752:
4748:Same-sex unions
4715:
4662:
4646:Catholic Church
4629:
4574:
4548:
4480:
4449:
4423:
4350:
4302:
4203:
4127:
4089:
4084:
4043:
3996:
3995:
3983:
3967:
3965:Further reading
3962:
3961:
3948:
3944:
3935:
3931:
3922:
3918:
3905:
3901:
3881:
3877:
3868:
3864:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3830:
3821:
3817:
3801:
3797:
3790:
3786:
3780:Wayback Machine
3771:Stonewall Riots
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3742:
3739:Stonewall Riots
3736:
3732:
3727:
3723:
3706:
3702:
3691:
3687:
3674:
3663:
3657:
3643:
3639:
3624:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3596:
3587:
3585:
3569:
3568:
3564:
3555:
3553:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3531:
3529:
3521:
3520:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3494:
3490:
3474:
3473:
3466:
3464:
3455:
3451:
3441:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3419:Wayback Machine
3410:
3406:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3338:
3334:
3325:
3323:
3313:
3309:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3286:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3264:
3262:
3250:
3246:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3221:
3207:
3203:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3169:
3165:
3152:
3148:
3139:
3135:
3126:
3122:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3042:
3033:
3029:
3011:
3007:
2991:
2987:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2930:
2926:
2916:
2912:
2907:
2903:
2894:
2890:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2866:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2844:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2811:
2807:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2742:All About Japan
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2703:
2699:
2689:
2687:
2678:
2674:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2644:
2640:
2631:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2611:
2598:
2592:
2588:
2570:
2566:
2557:
2555:
2536:Murray, Stephen
2533:
2529:
2521:
2519:
2502:
2498:
2489:
2487:
2460:Kehoe, Alice B.
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2421:
2417:
2404:
2400:
2390:Wayback Machine
2379:
2375:
2365:Wayback Machine
2355:
2351:
2336:
2327:
2319:
2300:
2294:
2290:
2276:
2260:
2256:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2203:
2201:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2153:
2149:
2140:
2138:
2128:
2124:
2115:
2113:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2090:
2088:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2005:
2003:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1962:
1952:
1948:
1913:
1909:
1874:
1870:
1861:
1859:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1834:
1824:
1820:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1786:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1720:Roman sexuality
1657:
1649:Main articles:
1647:
1611:
1605:
1535:were coined by
1521:
1493:Stonewall riots
1482:
1468:
1421:
1416:
1404:
1392:conjoined twins
1343:
1330:
1320:
1284:
1254:
1244:or seen as bad
1225:
1198:
1178:
1165:
1059:Frédéric Martel
1057:" ), a book by
1034:
972:
970:Early Modernity
967:
898:
896:The Renaissance
839:
828:
822:
819:
808:
796:
785:
783:The Middle Ages
580:
570:
565:
527:
496:
459:Zhengde Emperor
400:
388:
383:
369:
281:Native American
246:
241:
225:constructionist
217:Michel Foucault
132:
121:
115:
112:
69:
67:
57:
45:
34:
18:Main articles:
12:
11:
5:
5206:
5196:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5164:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5105:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5071:
5060:
5058:
5056:Cross-dressing
5052:
5051:
5049:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5023:
5013:
5011:United Kingdom
5008:
5003:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4968:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4951:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4884:
4879:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4788:Ancient Greece
4785:
4780:
4775:
4769:
4767:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4648:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4614:
4613:
4606:United Kingdom
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4556:
4554:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4526:
4525:
4524:
4517:Firsts by year
4514:
4513:
4512:
4501:
4499:
4492:
4486:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4457:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4342:
4341:
4334:United Kingdom
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4220:Czech Republic
4217:
4211:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4102:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4082:
4075:
4068:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4046:
4041:
4023:
4009:
3981:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3942:
3929:
3916:
3899:
3875:
3862:
3841:
3828:
3815:
3803:Eva Cantarella
3795:
3784:
3761:
3730:
3721:
3700:
3685:
3661:
3655:
3637:
3622:
3603:
3594:
3577:. 2009-06-27.
3562:
3538:
3514:
3488:
3449:
3423:
3404:
3379:
3332:
3307:
3289:
3280:
3271:
3244:
3226:
3219:
3201:
3188:
3181:
3175:, Arno Press,
3163:
3146:
3133:
3120:
3102:
3089:
3077:
3068:
3063:2012-12-12 at
3050:
3040:
3027:
3005:
2985:
2967:
2954:10.1086/517983
2948:(3): 613–647.
2924:
2910:
2901:
2888:
2875:
2853:
2831:
2822:
2805:
2772:
2754:
2728:
2697:
2672:
2658:
2638:
2614:
2596:
2586:
2564:
2550:Archived from
2527:
2496:
2451:
2437:
2415:
2407:Two Spirit 101
2398:
2373:
2371:35(4):167–190.
2349:
2325:
2322:on 2019-03-04.
2288:
2274:
2254:
2235:
2222:
2210:
2185:
2172:
2147:
2122:
2097:
2072:
2048:
2013:
2001:
1971:
1946:
1927:(1): 167–182.
1907:
1888:(2): 169–199.
1868:
1843:
1818:
1795:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1760:Christian rule
1665:Roman Republic
1661:ancient Romans
1646:
1643:
1623:Ancient Greece
1607:Main article:
1604:
1603:Ancient Greece
1601:
1520:
1517:
1467:
1464:
1452:United Kingdom
1440:Kinsey Reports
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1403:
1400:
1342:
1339:
1319:
1316:
1283:
1280:
1253:
1250:
1224:
1221:
1206:Middle Eastern
1164:
1161:
1111:Homogenic Love
1083:Havelock Ellis
1045:Alfred Douglas
1033:
1032:Late Modernity
1030:
1014:Jeremy Bentham
985:The anonymous
971:
968:
966:
963:
953:. In England,
947:erotic freedom
897:
894:
882:adelphopoiesis
841:
840:
799:
797:
790:
784:
781:
603:ancient Greece
569:
566:
564:
561:
529:Similarly, in
526:
523:
495:
492:
464:male marriages
402:Homosexuality
399:
396:
387:
384:
368:
365:
306:, such as the
245:
242:
240:
237:
153:Ancient Greece
134:
133:
116:September 2016
48:
46:
39:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5205:
5194:
5193:Homosexuality
5191:
5189:
5188:LGBTQ history
5186:
5184:
5181:
5180:
5178:
5163:
5162:
5153:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5080:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5066:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5057:
5053:
5047:
5046:United States
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5034:
5030:
5022:
5021:legal history
5019:
5018:
5017:
5016:United States
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4949:United States
4947:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4938:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4922:United States
4920:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4868:
4862:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4845:
4842:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4826:United States
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4793:in militaries
4791:
4790:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:Ancient Egypt
4771:
4770:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4758:Homosexuality
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4726:
4722:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4671:
4669:
4665:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4632:
4624:
4623:New York City
4621:
4620:
4619:
4618:United States
4616:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:South African
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4551:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4511:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4454:South America
4452:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4399:
4398:
4397:United States
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:North America
4353:
4347:
4344:
4340:
4337:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4306:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4087:LGBTQ history
4081:
4076:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4062:
4061:
4058:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:0-394-41775-5
4038:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3992:
3988:
3984:
3982:0-674-99157-5
3978:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3933:
3926:
3920:
3913:
3909:
3903:
3896:
3895:Lex Scantinia
3892:
3888:
3884:
3879:
3872:
3866:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3848:Amy Richlin,
3845:
3838:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3788:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3750:on 2006-01-16
3749:
3745:
3740:
3734:
3725:
3718:
3717:3-424-01011-1
3714:
3710:
3704:
3697:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3658:
3656:0-520-08096-3
3652:
3648:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3607:
3598:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3552:
3548:
3542:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3484:
3478:
3462:
3461:
3453:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3375:
3371:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3336:
3322:
3318:
3311:
3303:
3299:
3293:
3284:
3275:
3261:
3260:
3255:
3248:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3222:
3220:0-226-72988-5
3216:
3212:
3205:
3198:
3195:Heinz Heger:
3192:
3184:
3182:0-405-07363-1
3178:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3113:at WikiSource
3112:
3106:
3099:
3093:
3086:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3065:archive.today
3062:
3059:
3054:
3044:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3024:0-19-503465-1
3021:
3017:
3016:
3009:
3003:
3002:0-19-512292-5
2999:
2995:
2989:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2905:
2898:
2897:Campbell 1982
2892:
2885:
2879:
2864:
2857:
2842:
2835:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2791:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2773:9781134732579
2769:
2765:
2758:
2743:
2739:
2732:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2701:
2685:
2684:
2676:
2661:
2659:0-520-07869-1
2655:
2651:
2650:
2642:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2554:on 2007-11-02
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2531:
2518:on 2007-12-11
2517:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2500:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2440:
2438:9781412909167
2434:
2430:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2408:
2402:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2377:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2344:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2275:9781474286923
2271:
2267:
2266:
2258:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2232:
2231:Foucault 1986
2226:
2219:
2214:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2176:
2162:
2158:
2151:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1961:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1872:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1748:Julius Caesar
1745:
1743:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1686:Lex Scantinia
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1497:New York City
1494:
1489:
1487:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1458:(DSM) of the
1457:
1453:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1432:Alfred Kinsey
1428:
1426:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1354:homosexuality
1351:
1347:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:South Pacific
1279:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1258:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1218:
1215:, during his
1214:
1209:
1207:
1204:Among modern
1202:
1197:
1196:LGBT in Islam
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:(dancing boy)
1175:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1155:specifically
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1141:Sigmund Freud
1138:
1137:
1132:
1129:published an
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1056:
1053:(collection "
1051:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1010:Thomas Cannon
1008:, written by
1007:
1006:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
988:
983:
981:
977:
962:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
911:
907:
903:
893:
891:
887:
883:
878:
876:
875:William Rufus
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
847:
837:
834:
826:
823:November 2020
816:
812:
806:
805:
800:This section
798:
794:
789:
788:
780:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:relationships
741:
732:
728:
726:
725:physical acts
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
678:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
654:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
600:
593:
589:
584:
579:
575:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
537:
532:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
491:
489:
485:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
460:
455:
452:
448:
443:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
408:the leftover
405:
395:
393:
382:
378:
374:
364:
362:
358:
357:
348:
344:
340:
337:The explorer
335:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
304:Latin America
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
285:First Nations
282:
278:
270:
269:
266:Dance to the
263:
259:
255:
254:George Catlin
250:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
186:in New York.
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
147:, or only to
146:
142:
130:
127:
119:
108:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77: –
76:
72:
71:Find sources:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:This article
47:
43:
38:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
20:Homosexuality
16:
5159:
5119:
5112:
5006:Nazi Germany
4882:Nazi Germany
4821:Nazi Germany
4783:Ancient Peru
4778:Ancient Rome
4757:
4743:LGBT erasure
4049:
4031:
4012:
3972:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3919:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3878:
3870:
3865:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3844:
3839:, pp. 67–68.
3836:
3831:
3823:
3818:
3810:
3806:
3798:
3787:
3770:
3764:
3752:. Retrieved
3748:the original
3738:
3733:
3724:
3708:
3703:
3694:
3688:
3680:
3676:
3646:
3640:
3612:
3606:
3597:
3586:. Retrieved
3574:
3565:
3554:. Retrieved
3550:
3541:
3530:. Retrieved
3526:
3517:
3505:. Retrieved
3501:
3491:
3465:. Retrieved
3459:
3452:
3440:. Retrieved
3435:
3426:
3412:Mitra Varuna
3407:
3396:. Retrieved
3391:
3382:
3349:
3345:
3335:
3324:. Retrieved
3320:
3310:
3301:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3263:. Retrieved
3257:
3247:
3239:the original
3229:
3210:
3204:
3196:
3191:
3172:
3166:
3149:
3141:
3136:
3123:
3117:John Cleland
3110:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3084:
3080:
3071:
3053:
3043:
3035:
3030:
3013:
3008:
2993:
2988:
2980:the original
2970:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2927:
2913:
2904:
2891:
2883:
2882:Denys Page,
2878:
2867:. Retrieved
2856:
2845:. Retrieved
2834:
2825:
2816:
2808:
2763:
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2741:
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:the original
2710:
2700:
2690:November 28,
2688:. Retrieved
2682:
2675:
2665:November 28,
2663:. Retrieved
2648:
2641:
2630:. Retrieved
2626:
2617:
2589:
2578:
2572:
2567:
2556:. Retrieved
2552:the original
2543:
2530:
2520:, retrieved
2516:the original
2509:
2499:
2488:. Retrieved
2468:SAA Bulletin
2467:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2428:
2418:
2410:
2401:
2393:
2376:
2368:
2352:
2341:
2317:the original
2304:
2291:
2282:
2264:
2257:
2247:
2238:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2202:. Retrieved
2198:
2188:
2180:
2175:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2150:
2139:. Retrieved
2135:
2125:
2114:. Retrieved
2112:. 2024-02-27
2109:
2100:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:
2075:
2064:. Retrieved
2060:
2051:
2042:
2039:10138/325479
2030:
2026:
2016:
2006:, retrieved
1984:
1974:
1963:. Retrieved
1959:
1949:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1885:
1881:
1871:
1860:. Retrieved
1856:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1787:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1756:Roman Empire
1754:. Until the
1739:
1730:or received
1717:
1710:
1690:
1684:
1658:
1645:Ancient Rome
1634:
1630:
1616:
1612:
1584:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1533:heterosexual
1532:
1528:
1527:, the terms
1522:
1490:
1483:
1470:Main pages:
1448:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1405:
1396:
1384:
1358:
1344:
1312:missionaries
1305:Christianity
1285:
1263:Laws of Manu
1261:
1259:
1255:
1226:
1210:
1203:
1199:
1171:
1145:
1134:
1122:
1110:
1078:
1070:
1064:
1028:until 1835.
1003:
997:
994:John Cleland
991:
986:
984:
976:King James I
973:
935:Michelangelo
899:
890:John Boswell
885:
879:
856:
829:
820:
809:Please help
804:verification
801:
777:Anastasius I
769:wrath of God
760:Theodosius I
748:Hellenophile
740:ancient Rome
737:
721:infatuations
708:
704:
682:
657:
655:
629:
607:
596:
557:third gender
553:Thai culture
549:transvestism
540:
534:
528:
506:
502:
497:
479:Qing dynasty
476:
456:
451:Song dynasty
447:Tang dynasty
444:
407:
401:
389:
354:
352:
341:setting his
297:
274:
265:
258:Great Plains
239:The Americas
229:John Boswell
210:
206:
188:
173:
169:
165:
157:Ancient Rome
137:
122:
113:
103:
96:
89:
82:
70:
58:Please help
53:verification
50:
28:LGBT history
15:
5077: [
4997: [
4975: [
4964:Transgender
4941:Bisexuality
4873: [
4859: [
4847: [
4711:Transgender
4445:New Zealand
4329:Switzerland
4303: [
4270:Netherlands
4184:South Korea
3394:. July 2019
3392:India Today
2936:Affrèrement
2548:glbtq, Inc.
2199:JSTOR Daily
1758:came under
1752:Mark Antony
1707:prostitutes
1593:nationality
1551:bisexuality
1484:During the
1372:5th Dynasty
1370:during the
1300:Marind-anim
1223:Mesopotamia
1172:Dance of a
1163:Middle East
1153:Third Reich
1148:Oscar Wilde
1125:. In 1900,
1047:, found in
1041:Oscar Wilde
1022:Netherlands
931:imprisoning
923:prosecuting
902:Renaissance
900:During the
886:affrèrement
849:Two males,
439:Han dynasty
330:of Brazil.
252:Drawing by
5177:Categories
4856:immigrants
4766:Pre-modern
4674:Journalism
4611:Manchester
4346:Yugoslavia
4139:Bangladesh
4094:By regions
3949:Williams,
3754:2005-12-29
3698:(English).
3623:0892814926
3588:2023-02-06
3556:2023-03-01
3532:2023-03-01
3398:2024-01-01
3326:2023-12-30
3302:epistle.us
3265:2007-10-01
3115:(1749) by
3111:Fanny Hill
2869:2009-02-07
2847:2009-02-07
2632:2022-03-21
2558:2007-08-01
2522:2007-08-01
2490:2019-05-01
2252:2003.09.22
2204:2024-03-03
2166:2024-08-16
2141:2024-08-16
2116:2024-08-17
2091:2024-08-17
2066:2024-08-16
2008:2024-03-03
1965:2024-03-03
1862:2024-08-25
1837:2024-08-25
1789:2024-01-24
1766:References
1736:effeminacy
1697:against a
1639:questioned
1619:pederastic
1597:disability
1529:homosexual
1472:Gay rights
1434:published
1350:Egyptology
1276:Kama Sutra
1268:Kama Sutra
1252:South Asia
1018:Executions
999:Fanny Hill
646:philosophy
642:barbarians
614:adolescent
545:effeminacy
488:homophobia
431:Emperor Ai
425:(彌子瑕) and
371:See also:
326:, and the
289:Two-Spirit
260:among the
195:Lord Byron
86:newspapers
4972:Argentina
4798:pederasty
4641:Christian
4634:Religious
4498:By period
4490:Timelines
4461:Argentina
4435:Australia
4179:Singapore
4050:Ethnology
3999:cite book
3583:0971-8257
3507:April 19,
3502:Lawctopus
3477:cite book
3467:April 19,
3442:April 19,
3366:0022-3468
3186:(reprint)
3159:0091-8369
2863:"Sapphic"
2841:"Lesbian"
2818:Symposium
2790:cite book
2782:880877782
2747:20 August
2511:glbtq.com
2480:0741-5672
2411:NativeOut
2394:NativeOut
1941:2153-1552
1902:2050-6325
1742:populares
1513:gay pride
1408:Mwanga II
1288:Melanesia
1180:Samarkand
1131:anthology
1115:Socialist
965:Modernity
863:Edward II
765:Justinian
717:narrators
689:antiquity
650:athletics
638:despotism
634:democracy
630:Symposium
592:Jerusalem
568:Antiquity
392:East Asia
386:East Asia
361:execution
356:berdaches
328:Tupinambá
199:Edward II
5161:Category
5033:Intersex
4836:Lesbians
4724:By topic
4701:Intersex
4679:Policing
4586:Canadian
4528:Century
4407:violence
4382:Honduras
4339:violence
4300:violence
4285:Portugal
4194:Thailand
4174:Pakistan
4029:(1986),
3883:Plutarch
3854:cinaedus
3776:Archived
3632:28799425
3415:Archived
3374:22075360
3061:Archived
2962:92980933
2721:March 8,
2580:Delaware
2540:"Mexico"
2538:(2004).
2484:Archived
2462:(2002).
2386:Archived
2361:Archived
2313:34904667
2086:PinkNews
1746:such as
1732:anal sex
1728:oral sex
1681:soldiers
1635:eromenos
1564:bisexual
1559:straight
1368:Niuserre
1309:European
1272:fellatio
978:and the
943:artistic
910:Florence
779:in 518.
773:brothels
756:Antinous
750:emperor
658:Politics
610:freedman
531:Thailand
519:painting
511:Buddhist
507:nanshoku
435:Dongxian
423:Mi Zixia
343:war dogs
324:Zapotecs
316:Quechuas
300:conquest
268:Berdache
212:bisexual
191:Socrates
5096:Related
5041:Surgery
4989:Finland
4954:Erasure
4927:Erasure
4814:Gay men
4731:General
4706:Asexual
4667:Topical
4591:Germany
4428:Oceania
4387:Jamaica
4362:Bahamas
4290:Romania
4255:Ireland
4250:Hungary
4240:Germany
4230:Finland
4225:Denmark
4215:Belgium
3991:8805576
3887:Moralia
3614:Shāstrā
2711:GBTimes
2444:6 March
2110:myGwork
1712:infames
1701:. Male
1693:stuprum
1669:citizen
1631:erastes
1543:in his
1505:gay men
1376:mastaba
1365:pharaoh
1026:England
921:, were
752:Hadrian
713:passion
709:lesbian
705:sapphic
666:Cretans
541:kathoey
536:kathoey
515:samurai
486:, when
482:by the
419:Han Fei
203:Hadrian
100:scholar
5074:France
5069:Africa
4994:France
4984:Brazil
4886:Spain
4844:France
4658:Mormon
4653:Jewish
4601:Turkey
4579:Region
4553:Ethnic
4466:Brazil
4412:places
4392:Mexico
4367:Canada
4324:Sweden
4314:Serbia
4295:Russia
4280:Poland
4275:Norway
4265:Latvia
4245:Greece
4235:France
4208:Europe
4199:Turkey
4189:Taiwan
4164:Israel
4123:Uganda
4101:Africa
4039:
3989:
3979:
3955:passim
3715:
3679:. In:
3653:
3630:
3620:
3581:
3372:
3364:
3321:Rediff
3217:
3179:
3157:
3087:, 1691
3048:1980).
3022:
3000:
2960:
2780:
2770:
2656:
2478:
2435:
2311:
2272:
1999:
1939:
1900:
1703:slaves
1478:, and
1402:Uganda
1326:, and
1318:Africa
1234:ritual
1174:bacchá
1075:Munich
929:, and
927:fining
914:Venice
873:, and
697:Lesbos
693:Sappho
677:Lafond
563:Europe
379:, and
347:sodomy
320:Moches
312:Mayans
308:Aztecs
293:binary
275:Among
201:, and
102:
95:
88:
81:
73:
30:, and
5081:]
5001:]
4979:]
4877:]
4863:]
4851:]
4522:2010s
4510:table
4471:Chile
4440:Nauru
4319:Spain
4307:]
4260:Italy
4169:Nepal
4149:India
4144:China
4118:Sudan
4113:Niger
4108:Kenya
2958:S2CID
2813:Plato
2409:" at
2392:" at
2320:(PDF)
2309:S2CID
2301:(PDF)
2044:party
1724:Latin
1585:queer
1576:queer
1388:twins
1341:Egypt
1296:Etoro
1246:omens
1087:Latin
906:Italy
662:Celts
626:Plato
555:as a
503:shudo
494:Japan
468:Li Yu
410:peach
398:China
233:Plato
107:JSTOR
93:books
5064:Drag
4542:21st
4537:20th
4532:19th
4476:Peru
4372:Cuba
4159:Iraq
4154:Iran
4132:Asia
4037:ISBN
4005:link
3987:OCLC
3977:ISBN
3713:ISBN
3651:ISBN
3628:OCLC
3618:ISBN
3579:ISSN
3509:2023
3483:link
3469:2023
3444:2023
3370:PMID
3362:ISSN
3215:ISBN
3177:ISBN
3155:ISSN
3131:>
3020:ISBN
2998:ISBN
2922:>
2918:<
2800:link
2796:link
2778:OCLC
2768:ISBN
2749:2022
2723:2020
2692:2010
2667:2010
2654:ISBN
2476:ISSN
2446:2015
2433:ISBN
2270:ISBN
1997:ISBN
1937:ISSN
1898:ISSN
1832:TIME
1750:and
1667:, a
1653:and
1531:and
1491:The
1298:and
1260:The
1242:rape
1105:and
1043:and
957:'s "
945:and
937:and
912:and
707:and
648:and
576:and
525:Siam
477:The
283:and
155:and
79:news
4017:doi
3354:doi
2950:doi
2594:170
2367:."
2246:in
2035:hdl
1989:doi
1929:doi
1890:doi
1595:or
1573:or
1570:gay
1307:by
1159:.
1093:'s
1081:by
813:by
738:In
687:in
547:or
505:or
390:In
209:or
207:gay
62:by
5179::
5079:fr
4999:fr
4977:es
4875:fr
4861:fr
4849:fr
4305:ru
4001:}}
3997:{{
3985:.
3885:,
3805:,
3774:.
3741:.
3664:^
3626:.
3573:.
3549:.
3525:.
3500:.
3479:}}
3475:{{
3434:.
3390:.
3368:.
3360:.
3350:46
3348:.
3344:.
3319:.
3300:.
3256:.
3018:,
2996:,
2956:.
2946:79
2944:.
2940:.
2792:}}
2788:{{
2776:.
2740:.
2709:.
2625:.
2599:^
2546:.
2508:,
2482:.
2474:.
2466:.
2384:"
2328:^
2197:.
2159:.
2134:.
2108:.
2084:.
2059:.
2031:12
2029:.
2025:.
1995:,
1983:,
1958:.
1935:.
1925:28
1923:.
1919:.
1896:.
1884:.
1880:.
1855:.
1830:.
1811:.
1807:.
1782:.
1705:,
1567:,
1561:,
1474:,
1462:.
1314:.
1186:.
1113:,
925:,
869:,
865:,
691:.
605:.
588:AD
533:,
474:.
375:,
322:,
318:,
314:,
310:,
197:,
193:,
159:.
26:,
22:,
4079:e
4072:t
4065:v
4019::
4007:)
3993:.
3957:.
3757:.
3634:.
3591:.
3559:.
3535:.
3511:.
3485:)
3471:.
3446:.
3401:.
3376:.
3356::
3329:.
3304:.
3268:.
3223:.
2964:.
2952::
2938:"
2895:(
2872:.
2850:.
2802:)
2784:.
2751:.
2725:.
2694:.
2669:.
2635:.
2561:.
2493:.
2448:.
2405:"
2380:"
2286:.
2278:.
2233:)
2229:(
2207:.
2169:.
2144:.
2119:.
2094:.
2069:.
2037::
1991::
1968:.
1943:.
1931::
1904:.
1892::
1886:2
1865:.
1840:.
1813:3
1792:.
1744:)
1740:(
1695:)
1691:(
1061:.
908:—
836:)
830:(
825:)
821:(
807:.
271:.
129:)
123:(
118:)
114:(
104:·
97:·
90:·
83:·
56:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.