187:, Marillac systematically lodged troops with Protestants, in the expectation that existing laws exempting households newly converted to Catholicism from this practice would spur conversions. Billeted troops got so far out of hand that, after a series of reprimands in letters, the Marquis de Louvois was forced to recall Marillac from Poitou. The Marquis himself was to be subsequently blamed for originating the dragonnades but research has established that responsibility rested with more junior officials such as de Marillac, ambitious for royal favour. Louvois did not oppose the policy but was concerned with the negative impact on the discipline of the soldiers involved.
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150:, however, aimed to have religious uniformity in his kingdom. Initially he offered the Huguenots financial incentives to convert, but this had limited effect. By the late 1670s he decided upon a harsher policy. He began to order the destruction of Huguenot churches and the closure of Huguenot schools.
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On
January 17, 1686, Louis XIV claimed that his policies had caused the Protestant population of France to decline from 800,000–900,000 to 1,000–1,500. Though he greatly exaggerated, their numbers did decline significantly. According to Hans J. Hillerbrand, an expert on Protestantism, Huguenot
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Louis XIV combined legal persecution with a policy of terrorizing recalcitrant
Huguenots who refused to convert to Catholicism by billeting both dragoons and ordinary infantrymen in their homes. The soldiers were instructed to harass and intimidate the occupants, in order to persuade them to either
251:), which is the only Brazilian capital founded by the French. Today among the remnants of the French Huguenot colonization of the city, there is a museum dedicated to the Huguenots, and the place where the Huguenots built a fort has become the city hall, but retains its original name of
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Huguenot households, with the soldiers being given implied permission to mistreat the inhabitants and damage or steal their possessions. Soldiers employed as part of this policy were derisively referred to as "missionary dragoons".
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in 1572. The campaign ultimately proved detrimental to France's economy, as many were part of the nascent urban bourgeoisie, and many others possessed skills such as silkweaving, clock-making, silversmithing, and
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The persecution of
Protestants caused outrage in England and created a wave of literature in protest against the inhumane treatment of Huguenots, thousands of whom fled to England to seek asylum. The
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convert to the state religion or emigrate. As mobile mounted infantry, the 14 regiments of dragoons in the French Army of the period were sometimes used for what would now be called
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This episode is recounted in L. L. Bernard, "Foucault, Louvois, and the
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes",
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duties, and were an effective instrument for persecuting the
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394:(in French) (2nd, 2006 ed.). Montpellier: Max Chaleil Ă©diteur.
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Encyclopaedia
Britannica, 15th Edition, Volume 11, page 130.
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Musée virtuel du protestantisme français" les draghonnades
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of 1685 revoked the religious rights granted them by the
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Carbonnier-Burkard, Marianne; Cabanel, Patrick (1998).
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Une histoire des protestants en France XVIe-XXe siècle
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by granting a relatively high degree of toleration to
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La France protestante, Histoire et Lieux de mémoire
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136:were largely maintained under the governments of
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334:.1 (March 1956):27-40) p. 32ff, and remarked in
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375:(in French). Paris: Desclée de Brouwer.
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110:Henry IV of France
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299:References
237:New France
227:, and the
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100:Background
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278:Camisards
266:optometry
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108:in 1598,
104:With the
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272:See also
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245:SĂŁo LuĂs
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