1093:
1444:
177:
25:
145:
1356:, their mutual relation was defined so that Phagpa had a precedence in religious matters and Kublai in temporal affairs. When the prince received religious instruction from his lama, the latter sat on a higher seat, while Kublai sat higher than Phagpa when he conducted court business. Phagpa further strengthened his case by defeating his
1507:(Dishi) in 1270, partly as a reward for his invention of the Phagpa script. As such, he was expected to stay close to the emperor and had a paramount influence over the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs. His decrees carried the weight of the imperial court which gave him a strong authority over Tibetan affairs.
1590:
Phagpa spent his last years in Tibet, where he was busy strengthening Sakya-Yuan authority over the still-restless country. He convened a general conference of the
Buddhist hierarchs in 1277 with both spiritual and political leanings. He died in the Lhakhang palace in Sakya on 15 December 1280. There
1320:
In return, Drogon
Chogyel Phagpa was supposedly given "temporal authority over the 13 myriarchies of Central Tibet." Since the myriarchies had not yet emerged as a territorial unit, this cannot be entirely correct. Tibetan historians quote a letter that Sakya Pandita wrote to the local leaders of
1495:
divided
Central Tibet into appanages obedient under various Mongol princes in 1251. In the next year he issued a decree saying that the main Buddhist precepts to be followed in Tibet were to be those of Sakya. In about 1260 the appanage system was withdrawn, and Phagpa, receiving the title State
1521:
Kublai Khan made Phagpa's other brother Chakna Dorje viceroy of Tibet in 1264. However, he died in 1267 and no new viceroy was appointed for many years. His untimely death was followed by a rebellion led by the
Drikung Kagyu, the main opponents of the Sakya. Kublai Khan sent a punitive force to
1423:
formerly used for
Mongolian. However, he encountered major resistances and difficulties when trying to promote this script and never achieved his original goal. As a result, only a small number of texts were written in this script, and the majority (including most official documents) were still
1316:
by throwing them in a river. Sakya
Pandita, horrified, gave religious instructions, in particular stressing that killing a sentient being is one of the worst acts according to Buddhism. He gave religious instruction to the prince and greatly impressed the court with his personality and powerful
1595:
Kunga Zangpo, whom he had dismissed some years previously for highhanded conduct. This led to an armed intervention by an army of
Mongols and Amdo Tibetans in the next year, resulting in the execution of Kunga Zangpo and the strengthening of Mongol military presence in Tibet.
1352:, found Tibetan Buddhism more to his liking. In 1253 he asked Godan to give him Chögyal Phagpa, who was then 18. Kublai was subsequently converted to Buddhism by his efforts and Phagpa became his tantric guru in 1258. Under the influence of Kublai's wife
1539:
with responsibility for
Central Tibet was stationed in Sakya from c. 1264. An implemented Mongol rule began about 1268-69 when a census was carried out and a Mongol administrative structure was set up. By this time Central Tibet was divided into 13
1503:. At about the same time, Phagpa was sent from the court to Tibet in order to persuade the local leaders to accept the imposition of Mongol administration. It was his first visit to his homeland since childhood. Phagpa received the new title of
1491:) to Phagpa as a reward for the initiation in the Buddhist faith. The donation would have taken place in 1253. However, this tradition has been qualified by recent research. As mentioned above, Kublai's brother and predecessor
1578:
Phagpa and his successors as Sakya lamas were not literally viceroys under the Yuan although they were at the center of the Yuan administrative system in Tibet. Moreover, after Phagpa the offices of
Imperial Preceptor and
1535:. Their functions were defined as follows: "He governs by order of the lama and by the mandate of the emperor. He protects the two laws (religious and civil) and keeps the realm tranquil and the religion flourishing." A
1424:
written in
Chinese ideograms or the Uyghur alphabet. The script fell into disuse after the collapse of the Yuan in 1368. The script was used for about a century and is thought to have influenced the development of
1281:, to act as an intermediary between the Mongols and Tibetans. He brought with him his young nephews, the ten-year-old Phagpa and his brother, the six-year-old Chakna Dorje. On the way, they stopped in
2416:
1099:, Kunga Gyaltsen Pal Zangpo (1182-1251), wearing a tall red hat, the sixth throne holder of Sakya, great-grandson of Khon Konchog Gyalpo. Sakya Pandita is accompanied by his nephew Chogyal Phagpa
1587:, the authority of the Sakya Trizin was restricted to spiritual affairs. Given the paramount importance of the Buddhist religious hierarchy in Tibet, this still gave him an amount of influence.
1415:, which was completed in 1269. Kublai Khan decided to use the ʼPhags-pa script as the official writing system of the empire, including when he became Emperor of China in 1271, instead of
1321:
Tibet in 1249 where he stated that they henceforth must carry out the administration of their fiefs in consultation with the Sakya envoys and in accordance with Mongol law.
122:
2471:
2436:
2531:
2526:
2446:
2421:
2451:
2431:
1583:
were kept strictly separate. While the later chronicles depict Phagpa and his successors as ruling over the 13 myriarchies and in an extended sense over the three
1371:
took power in a succession struggle after the death of his brother Möngke in 1259. He thereby became the Khagan, the ruler of the Mongols; later on, he became the
2466:
2521:
2461:
1333:
dispatched new military campaigns against parts of Tibet in 1252–53. He furthermore shared the main Tibetan sects among the ruling clan. While he patronized the
2496:
2476:
2411:
1642:
Advice to Kublai Khan: Letters by the Tibetan Monk Chogyal Phagpa to Kublai Khan and his Court. Translated by Christopher Wilkinson (CreateSpace, 2015).
1959:
1079:
2481:
1514:
in Gansu and apparently had desultory contacts with the emperor. He vacated the post by 1274 and returned to Sakya, leaving the title to his brother,
2456:
2426:
2511:
2486:
2441:
1842:. Rome, p. 9. There are some questions about the authenticity of the letter that Sakya Pandita wrote to the Tibetans; see David P. Jackson (1987)
1391:
politics of the relationship between state and religion in the Tibeto-Mongolian Buddhist world" - that is to say, he developed the concept of the
2516:
2506:
2501:
2341:
89:
61:
1615:
began to expand his power in the central province of Ü, marking the "beginning of the end of the period of Sakya power in Central Tibet."
42:
68:
1694:
1645:
At the Court of Kublai Khan: Writings of the Tibetan Monk Chogyal Phagpa. Translated by Christopher Wilkinson (CreateSpace, 2016).
75:
1395:. With the support of Kublai Khan, Chögyal Phagpa established himself and the Sakya as the preeminent political power in Tibet.
2575:
2314:
1659:
1500:
1448:
1150:
1072:
549:
1341:
protected Sakya and there were at least nine further appanages. Phagpa and his brother remained at the camp of Godan, learned
2623:
2613:
2221:
2197:
2173:
1775:
1266:(1182-1251), who began the relationship between Sakya and the Mongol conquerors after their first invasion of Tibet in 1240.
57:
2643:
2608:
1639:
Chogyal Phagpa: The Emperor's Guru (Sakya Kongma Series Book 5). Translated by Christopher Wilkinson (CreateSpace, 2014).
1431:
Phagpa's diaries for 1271 mention a foreign friend of Kublai Khan, who was quite possibly one of the elder Polos or even
452:
1051:
1065:
108:
1631:. In the series he is erroneously depicted as alive at the time of the departure of Marco Polo from China in 1293.
372:
2638:
2554:
989:
203:
1925:
1843:
1674:
1392:
46:
2391:
82:
1724:
2618:
2603:
2648:
1628:
1608:
1376:
1092:
1027:
667:
2536:
2307:
2401:
1604:
1189:
158:
494:
2381:
2336:
1669:
625:
566:
477:
198:
2243:
1917:
385:
354:
35:
2598:
2396:
2356:
947:
905:
786:
613:
522:
2561:
2300:
2248:
2207:
1823:
1787:
1654:
1456:
1251:
1227:
1207:
1173:
1161:
1115:
713:
259:
241:
138:
2568:
2187:
1525:
Temporal administration of Tibet was actually in the hands of officials from Sakya known as
1215:
2633:
2628:
2541:
2346:
1599:
The system lasted until about the middle of the 14th century. During the reign of the 14th
1032:
465:
420:
1702:
8:
1803:
1612:
1420:
1044:
1039:
608:
186:
1412:
2376:
2274:
2259:
1504:
1416:
1388:
1380:
1286:
1142:
999:
725:
684:
539:
505:
489:
130:
1180:). Although this is historically disputed, he played a very important political role.
2217:
2193:
2169:
2159:
1939:
1931:
1921:
1771:
1298:
873:
791:
735:
718:
708:
679:
544:
527:
515:
2129:
Sandra Penny-Dimri (1995) "The Lineage of His Holiness Sakya Trizin Ngawang-Kunga",
601:
2371:
2284:
1955:
1895:
1664:
1515:
1408:
1372:
1195:
1138:
1123:
915:
910:
747:
742:
701:
691:
176:
166:
254:
228:
2211:
2183:
2163:
1993:
Piotr Klafkowski (1977). "History of Buddhism in Mongolia—A Preliminary Survey",
1947:
1903:
1744:
Shoju Inaba (1963) "The lineage of the Sa skya pa: A chapter of the Red Annals",
1496:
Preceptor (Guoshi), was acknowledged as the supreme head of the Buddhist clergy.
1235:
954:
779:
769:
764:
447:
442:
344:
264:
2491:
2406:
2082:
1899:
1835:
1807:
1544:, usually rendered in English as "myriarchies", each under a local lord called
1467:) of the Sakya became the capital of Tibet. According to later historiography,
1404:
1302:
1243:
1219:
1199:
1165:
1107:
959:
928:
890:
880:
774:
752:
674:
437:
274:
269:
1492:
1330:
1278:
2592:
2361:
2236:
1943:
1909:
1511:
1349:
1342:
1334:
1309:
1294:
1270:
1263:
1096:
858:
757:
589:
432:
403:
367:
349:
329:
148:
126:
1840:
Central Tibet and the Mongols: The Yüan-Sa skya pa period in Tibetan history
1308:
Sakya Pandita preached sermons along his way and arrived at Godan's camp in
2323:
1951:
1600:
1580:
1472:
1146:
994:
979:
819:
339:
134:
1447:
Tibet within the Yuan dynasty under the top-level department known as the
495:
2351:
1468:
1443:
1407:
to unify the writing of the multilingual Yuan China. Phagpa modified the
1387:. According to Mongol sources, Phagpa was the first one "to initiate the
1368:
1313:
1154:
972:
510:
312:
2386:
1624:
1432:
1338:
1274:
1009:
814:
654:
642:
632:
596:
334:
1591:
was an unsubstantiated rumour that he had been poisoned by the former
1480:
1239:
1527:
1317:
teachings. He is also said to have cured Godan of a serious illness.
1004:
637:
620:
390:
1379:
or universal ruler. Kublai Khan in turn appointed Chögyal Phagpa as
848:
24:
2136:
1995:
Buddhist Studies. The Journal of the Department of Buddhist Studies
1552:
resided in Gongyo in Doto (Kham) and Lingtsang in Doma (Amdo). The
1438:
900:
836:
561:
317:
279:
208:
2108:
292:
1361:
1290:
984:
940:
935:
831:
730:
696:
484:
408:
193:
1935:
144:
2292:
1913:
1425:
1384:
1357:
885:
649:
584:
307:
302:
297:
218:
1160:
Historical tradition remembers him as the first vice-ruler of
1353:
1282:
1134:
895:
853:
843:
796:
223:
213:
1488:
1484:
826:
1262:
name his mother as Jomo Konchog Kyi. He was the nephew of
121:
1360:
opponents in a great debate in Kublai's newly built city
1403:
Kublai Khan commissioned Chögyal Phagpa to design a new
1133:; 1235 – 15 December 1280), was the fifth leader of the
1375:. Phagpa supported the new lord by presenting him as a
1348:
Möngke's brother Kublai, after a brief flirtation with
1324:
2206:
2142:
1794:. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, p. 63.
1768:
The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama
1746:
Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko
1455:
The Sakya-Mongol alliance was strong, and the seat (
1975:
1398:
1329:After the death of Sakya Pandita, the Mongol ruler
1198:(West Tibet) in 1235 as the son of Sönam Gyeltsen (
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1997:, University of Delhi. May, 1977, p. 28 and note.
2590:
1439:Creation of the Sakya-Yuan administrative system
1312:in 1247, where Mongol troops were exterminating
1149:and was concurrently named the director of the
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1522:Tibet, which suppressed the uprising by 1268.
2308:
1894:
1888:
1435:, although, unfortunately, no name is given.
1164:as well as one of the Five Sakya patriarchs (
1073:
1695:"The Sakya Tradition: Drogon Chogyal Phagpa"
1751:
2315:
2301:
1844:'Sa-skya Pandita's letter to the Tibetans'
1080:
1066:
1383:in 1260, the year when he was proclaimed
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
2133:, Vol. XX No. 4, Winter 1995, pp. 71-73.
1442:
1234:), which held hereditary power over the
1091:
143:
120:
1812:Tibet: Its History, Religion and People
1573:
125:Drogon Chogyal Phagpa, one of the Five
2591:
2577:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
2182:
1770:, pp. 114-117. Grove Press, New York.
1660:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
1618:
1501:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
1449:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
1273:left Sakya to visit the royal camp of
1151:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
2296:
2010:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, p. 216.
1499:In 1264, Kublai Khan established the
2158:
1981:
1722:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1325:Entering the service of Kublai Khan
13:
2417:Lopön Chenpo Gushri Lodrö Gyaltsen
2111:. Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center
1885:. Harvard University Press, p. 501
1510:However, Phagpa mostly resided in
1285:, where Phagpa took the vows of a
550:Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction
14:
2660:
1857:Khubilai Khan: His life and times
2322:
2073:Luciano Petech (1990) pp. 43-61.
2037:Luciano Petech (1990) pp. 16-23.
1556:of Ü-Tsang in this period were:
1399:Development of the Phagpa script
1242:, and his mother was Künga Kyi (
175:
23:
2189:A Handbook of 'Phags-Pa Chinese
2123:
2101:
2098:Luciano Petech (1990) pp. 24-5.
2092:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2019:Luciano Petech (1990) pp. 10-2.
2013:
2000:
1987:
1966:
1875:
1862:
1634:
34:needs additional citations for
2192:. University of Hawaii Press.
1849:
1829:
1817:
1797:
1781:
1738:
1716:
1687:
1675:Patron and priest relationship
1393:priest and patron relationship
1293:in front of the statue of the
1214:, 1184–1239), a member of the
1153:, serving during the reign of
1120:ʼgro mgon chos rgyal ʼphags pa
1:
2392:Khatsun Namkha Lekpa Gyaltsen
2152:
2089:. Rome 1949, Vol. II, p. 651.
2055:Morris Rossabi (1988) p. 144.
1183:
2614:Tibetan Buddhists from Tibet
2537:Ngawang Kunga Tegchen Palbar
2168:. Harvard University Press.
2064:Luciano Petech (1990) p. 44.
2046:Luciano Petech (1990) p. 20.
2028:Morris Rossabi (1988) p. 143
1972:Morris Rossabi (1988) p. 158
1680:
1560:Shakya Zangpo (c. 1264–1270)
1345:. and took up Mongol dress.
1162:Tibet under the Yuan emperor
7:
2644:13th-century Tibetan people
2609:Creators of writing systems
1905:The World's Writing Systems
1902:, eds. (February 8, 1996).
1648:
1609:Tai Situ Changchub Gyaltsen
1563:Kunga Zangpo (c. 1270–1275)
1475:in 1271) granted the three
496:
10:
2665:
2275:Tibetan Imperial Preceptor
2213:Tibet: A Political History
2143:Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa 1967
1792:Tibet: A Political History
1187:
1112:འགྲོ་མགོན་ཆོས་རྒྱལ་འཕགས་པ་
2550:
2402:Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen
2332:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2256:
2241:
2233:
2216:. Yale University Press.
1605:Lama Dampa Sonam Gyaltsen
1569:Chukpo Gangkarwa (?-1280)
1548:. Meanwhile, other Sakya
1247:
1223:
1203:
1190:Mongol invasions of Tibet
1178:sa skya gong ma rnam lnga
1169:
1127:
1111:
2624:Mongolia–Tibet relations
2382:Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen
1868:Matthew Kapstein (2006)
1699:www.hhthesakyatrizin.org
1670:Mongol conquest of Tibet
1141:. He was also the first
579:Practices and attainment
567:Pointing-out instruction
478:Three marks of existence
16:Tibetan Lama (1235–1280)
2532:Ngawang Thutob Wangdrag
2527:Dragshul Trinle Rinchen
2447:Ngagchang Kunga Rinchen
2422:Jamyang Namkha Gyaltsen
2165:Imperial China 900-1800
2087:Tibetan painted scrolls
1918:Oxford University Press
1883:Imperial China 900-1800
1627:in the 1982 miniseries
58:"Drogön Chögyal Phagpa"
2639:13th-century educators
2472:Ngawang Sönam Wangchuk
2437:Dagchen Lodrö Gyaltsen
2432:Gyagar Sherab Gyaltsen
2397:Jamyang Donyo Gyaltsen
2357:Jetsun Dragpa Gyaltsen
2006:George Roerich (1976)
1855:Morris Rossabi (1988)
1725:"Pakpa Lodro Gyeltsen"
1452:
1301:, the Chinese wife of
1212:bsod nams rgyal mtshan
1100:
948:Tibetan Buddhist canon
151:
141:
2522:Dzamling Chegu Wangdu
2462:Ngawang Kunga Wangyal
2367:Drogön Chögyal Phagpa
2208:Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
1824:Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
1788:Tsepon W. D. Shakabpa
1723:Townsend, Dominique.
1655:Tibet under Yuan rule
1566:Zhangtsun (c. 1275-?)
1479:or regions of Tibet (
1446:
1104:Drogön Chogyal Phagpa
1095:
523:Dependent origination
147:
124:
2542:Ratna Vajra Rinpoche
2452:Jamyang Sönam Sangpo
2407:Tawen Lodrö Gyaltsen
2347:Sachen Kunga Nyingpo
1859:. Berkeley, p. 41-2.
1766:Thomas Laird (2006)
1623:Phagpa is played by
1574:Last years and death
1471:(who founded of the
1022:History and overview
421:Samding Dorje Phagmo
286:Second dissemination
43:improve this article
2619:Yuan dynasty people
2604:Imperial Preceptors
2497:Pema Dudul Wangchuk
2477:Ngawang Kunga Tashi
2467:Ngawang Kunga Sönam
2412:Tawen Kunga Rinchen
2337:Khön Könchok Gyalpo
2244:Sakya lama of Tibet
2109:"kun dga' bzang po"
1804:Thubten Jigme Norbu
1619:Cultural references
1613:Phagmodrupa Dynasty
1421:Old Uyghur alphabet
1194:Phagpa was born in
1170:ས་སྐྱ་གོང་མ་རྣམ་ལྔ་
809:Institutional roles
248:First dissemination
2649:13th-century lamas
2570:Khön clan of Sakya
2377:Dharmapala Raksita
2260:Dharmapala Raksita
2160:Mote, Frederick W.
1881:F. W. Mote (1999)
1505:Imperial Preceptor
1453:
1417:Chinese characters
1389:political theology
1381:Imperial Preceptor
1216:Khön clan of Sakya
1204:བསོད་ནམས་རྒྱལ་མཚན་
1143:Imperial Preceptor
1101:
1000:Tree of physiology
540:Four Tenets system
152:
142:
137:and vice-ruler of
131:Imperial Preceptor
129:patriarchs, first
2586:
2585:
2291:
2290:
2282:Succeeded by
2257:Succeeded by
2249:Yuan overlordship
2223:978-0-9611474-1-9
2199:978-0-8248-3000-7
2175:978-0-674-01212-7
2131:The Tibet Journal
1896:Daniels, Peter T.
1872:. Oxford, p. 112.
1776:978-0-8021-1827-1
1451:(Xuanzheng Yuan).
1299:Princess Wencheng
1090:
1089:
1052:Index of articles
668:Major monasteries
626:Tantra techniques
545:Rangtong-Shentong
453:10th Panchen Lama
242:Key personalities
119:
118:
111:
93:
2656:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2372:Rinchen Gyaltsen
2326:
2317:
2310:
2303:
2294:
2293:
2285:Rinchen Gyaltsen
2279:1270–1274
2267:Preceded by
2254:1260–1280
2234:Preceded by
2231:
2230:
2227:
2203:
2184:Coblin, W. South
2179:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2004:
1998:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1892:
1886:
1879:
1873:
1866:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1833:
1827:
1821:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1785:
1779:
1764:
1749:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1701:. Archived from
1691:
1665:History of Tibet
1516:Rinchen Gyaltsen
1413:ʼPhags pa script
1409:Tibetan alphabet
1373:Emperor of China
1249:
1225:
1205:
1171:
1139:Tibetan Buddhism
1129:
1113:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1005:Festival thangka
499:
472:General Buddhist
179:
169:
168:Tibetan Buddhism
154:
153:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2589:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2569:
2563:Sakyapa dynasty
2562:
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2018:
2014:
2008:The Blue Annals
2005:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1967:
1960:P211 .W714 1996
1928:
1920:. p. 437.
1900:Bright, William
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1367:Shortly after,
1327:
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2083:Giuseppe Tucci
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2030:
2021:
2012:
1999:
1986:
1984:, p. 501.
1974:
1965:
1926:
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1836:Luciano Petech
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1808:Colin Turnbull
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1440:
1437:
1411:to create his
1405:writing system
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1303:Songtsen Gampo
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2517:Kunga Nyingpo
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2507:Tashi Rinchen
2505:
2503:
2502:Dorje Rinchen
2500:
2498:
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2483:
2482:Sönam Rinchen
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2362:Sakya Pandita
2360:
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2237:Sakya Pandita
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2145:, p. 86.
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2016:
2009:
2003:
1996:
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1832:
1826:(1967) p. 63.
1825:
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1705:on 2017-12-26
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1350:Chan Buddhism
1346:
1344:
1343:Middle Mongol
1340:
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1335:Drikung Kagyu
1332:
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1311:
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1271:Sakya Pandita
1267:
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1264:Sakya Pandita
1261:
1257:
1256:kun dga' kyid
1253:
1248:ཀུན་དགའ་ཀྱིད་
1245:
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859:Western tulku
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433:Je Tsongkhapa
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407:
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404:Sakya Pandita
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350:Dudjom Lingpa
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330:Yeshe Tsogyal
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255:Padmasambhāva
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149:Sakya Pandita
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74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2457:Dragpa Lodrö
2366:
2342:Rinchen Drag
2325:Sakya Trizin
2273:
2242:
2212:
2188:
2164:
2138:
2130:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2103:
2094:
2086:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1977:
1968:
1904:
1890:
1882:
1877:
1870:The Tibetans
1869:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1839:
1831:
1819:
1811:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1767:
1745:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1718:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:the original
1698:
1689:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:Translations
1622:
1601:Sakya Trizin
1598:
1592:
1589:
1584:
1581:Sakya Trizin
1577:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1509:
1498:
1476:
1473:Yuan dynasty
1464:
1460:
1454:
1430:
1402:
1377:chakravartin
1366:
1347:
1328:
1319:
1307:
1268:
1259:
1255:
1231:
1211:
1193:
1177:
1159:
1147:Yuan dynasty
1130:
1119:
1103:
1102:
995:Ashtamangala
980:Sand mandala
820:Panchen Lama
787:Tashi Lhunpo
419:
340:Jigme Lingpa
260:Śāntarakṣita
135:Yuan dynasty
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2634:1280 deaths
2629:1235 births
2512:Kunga Sönam
2487:Kunga Lodrö
2442:Kunga Sönam
2352:Sonam Tsemo
1748:22, p. 108.
1730:15 February
1493:Möngke Khan
1469:Kublai Khan
1369:Kublai Khan
1331:Möngke Khan
1314:Han Chinese
1279:Ögedei Khan
1155:Kublai Khan
714:Mindrolling
511:Bodhisattva
313:Sukhasiddhi
303:Abhayakirti
99:August 2021
2593:Categories
2387:Zangpo Pal
2153:References
1927:0195079930
1709:2017-07-01
1629:Marco Polo
1625:James Hong
1433:Marco Polo
1339:Godan Khan
1275:Godan Khan
1260:Red Annals
1188:See also:
1184:Early life
1137:school of
1010:Mani stone
815:Dalai Lama
655:Buddhahood
643:Dream yoga
633:Deity yoga
609:Meditation
597:Bodhicitta
335:Longchenpa
265:Kamalaśīla
69:newspapers
1982:Mote 2003
1944:254503333
1681:Footnotes
1554:dpon-chen
1550:dpon-chen
1537:dpon-chen
1528:dpon-chen
1364:in 1258.
1310:Liangzhou
1287:śrāmaṇera
1277:, son of
1269:In 1244,
1131:ʼphags pa
874:Festivals
638:Guru yoga
621:Vajrayana
590:Pāramitās
490:Cosmology
466:Teachings
391:Taranatha
2210:(1967).
2186:(2007).
2162:(2003).
1952:1271034M
1936:95002247
1910:New York
1649:See also
1461:grwa sa
1033:Timeline
901:Dosmoche
837:Rinpoche
726:Narthang
685:Dzogchen
562:Dzogchen
415:Bodongpa
318:Milarepa
280:Ralpacan
159:a series
157:Part of
2115:20 June
2085:(1949)
1838:(1990)
1810:(1969)
1790:(1967)
1611:of the
1593:pönchen
1533:pönchen
1481:Ü-Tsang
1465:gdan sa
1419:or the
1362:Kaiping
1291:Jokhang
1289:at the
1258:). The
1244:Tibetan
1220:Tibetan
1200:Tibetan
1166:Tibetan
1145:of the
1124:Chinese
1108:Tibetan
1045:Culture
1040:Outline
1028:History
985:Thangka
941:Tengyur
936:Kangyur
916:Losoong
911:Sho Dun
832:Karmapa
792:Tsurphu
753:Ramoche
736:Pabonka
731:Nechung
719:Namgyal
709:Labrang
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