59:
66:
898:
1960:
869:) wall of the mosque faces the Marid Fort across a street. On its other three sides, it is surrounded by dense urban fabric. Like any other old town mosque, the stone construction comprises a courtyard preceding the main prayer hall to the south and another space, also used for prayer, to the north. The minaret is at the southwest corner of the prayer hall bridging over a street. The mosque is entered through a door situated in the qibla wall, near the minaret. The prayer hall is formed by three rows of stone
889:
protrude slightly out of the qibla wall. Also visible is an exposed stone staircase constructed along the qibla wall from the street side that reaches the roof. The minaret shaft has a rectangular shape that tapers upward to end in a pyramidal form. The four internal floors of the shaft were accessed by a now-collapsed spiral staircase entered from within the mosque. On each side of the minaret, and on each floor, a rectangular window with a stone lintel provides lighting for its interior.
2686:
40:
1229:
148:
858:
838:
905:
Al Dar'i
Quarter is located in the neighborhood of Omar bin al-Khatab Mosque and Marid fortress, which represent the old quarter of Dumat al-Jandal. Al-Dar'i Quarter is considered to be one of the remaining antiquities of Dumat al-Jandal's ancient city, which has escaped the demolition shovels
888:
is a narrow, corbelled niche in the center of the qibla wall, and is defined by a similar niche with three built-in stone steps to its right. The mihrab, the minbar, and the lower part of the qibla wall are plastered with white wash. Viewed from the outside, one sees that the mihrab and minbar
909:
The neighborhood is characterized by the stone buildings and stone lanes between the gardens and by the water, which made life possible for the residents who lived near by the springs. In the Al-Dar'i
Quarter, there are many houses that archaeologists hope will enjoy the necessary care and
523:
The ancient oasis town was among a number of cities that the Pre-Islamic Arabs would travel to as part of the sequence of market fairs held annually. In contrast to the other market cities, Duma was characterized by its disputed political sovereignty between Arab clients of the
942:
In Dumat Al-Jandal, there is a desert climate. Most rain falls in the winter. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is BWh. The average annual temperature in Dumat Al-Jandal is 22.2 °C (72.0 °F). About 59 mm (2.32 in) of precipitation falls annually.
827:
854:) is situated in Dumat al-Jandal. The mosque was built in 634–644. However, the actual construction appears to have been a much earlier period as a church. Some scholars believe that the mosque was named after the Banu Umar, a tribe that settled in Dumat al-Jandal.
906:
befalling the historical market of Dumat al-Jandal 25 years ago. Dr. Khalil Al
Meaigil has stated that, the facilities of the quarter, which date back to the middle Islamic age, have been established on ancient layers dating back to the mid-first millennium BC.
1819:
2165:
789:
in July 626. Muhammad had received intelligence that some tribes there were involved in highway robbery and preparing to attack Medina itself. No casualties were reported as the
Ghatafan tribe fled.
918:
On 9 June 2020, the discovery of a 35-meter long triangular megalithic monument dated back to th 6TH millennium BCE which presumably dedicated to ritual practices was published in the
782:
The city had been the object of no fewer than three raids due to its strategic location. It lay about fifteen days march north from Medina and about half that distance from
Damascus.
455:(3rd century AD) reports that in Dūmah, a boy was sacrificed annually and was buried underneath an altar. Some scholars have extrapolated this practice to the rest of the Nabataeans.
1294:
576:
2652:
2283:
1336:
Wenning, Robert (2013). "Towards "Early Petra": an overview of the early history of the
Nabataeans in its context". In Mouton, Michel; Schmid, Stephan Gerhard (eds.).
1257:
797:
1252:
793:
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1322:
Sources for the
History of Arabia: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Studies in the History of Arabia, 23rd.-28th of April, 1977
569:
322:
The name Dumat al-Jandal means literally "Dumah of the Stone"; the name Al-Jawf means "depression", referring to Wadi Sirhan. The city's ancient
547:, was published. The inscription reads "May be remembered. May God remember Ḥgʿ{b/n}w son of Salama/Sa-lāma/Salima {in} the m (gap) year 443 ."
2926:
1875:
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2298:
934:, headed by Olivia Munoz believe that these findings illuminate a pastoralist nomadic lifestyle and a ritual used in prehistoric Arabia.
1630:
2627:
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602:
562:
58:
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101:
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Column 4: "Adumutu (is) the strong city of the
Arabians, which Sennacherib, king of Assyria, the father, my begetter, had conquered"
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2330:
2090:
1985:
1262:
2278:
1820:"Marking the sacral landscape of a north Arabian oasis: a sixth-millennium BC monumental stone platform and surrounding burials"
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470:
indicating a prosperous community during the time of the
Nabataeans, to whose realm this part of the region probably belonged.
1433:
What Did the
Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel
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1995:
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withstood the attack in her revolt against the Romans. Later in the fifth century, the city became the capital of the
458:
Excavations made by Khaleel Ibrahim al-Muaikel in 1986 added to observations made in 1976 that a homogeneous layer of
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2273:
2153:
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2005:
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1510:
2573:
2462:
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1980:
722:
2581:
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2237:
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1552:"New dated inscriptions (Nabataean and pre-Islamic Arabic) from a site near al-Jawf, ancient Dūmah, Saudi Arabia"
1247:
777:
672:
586:
268:
desert and at one end of Wadi Sirhan, at a major intersection of ancient trade routes part what is known as the
2355:
2100:
1949:
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The Islamic Scholarly Tradition - Studies in History, Law, and Thought in Honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook
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2015:
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697:
2492:
2432:
2268:
2175:
2143:
1944:
765:
544:
2667:
2517:
2388:
2310:
804:
677:
435:
2931:
2457:
2420:
2415:
2350:
2160:
2128:
2118:
2010:
1968:
1299:
617:
1793:
2563:
2551:
2534:
2447:
2383:
2232:
2189:
2034:
2020:
692:
642:
607:
2620:
2558:
2479:
2442:
2345:
2256:
2212:
1990:
1896:
702:
662:
536:, the dominant tribal group in the area, being known to practice slavery more than other tribes.
1399:
2591:
2497:
2288:
1959:
667:
448:
303:
196:
1607:
1458:
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2539:
2524:
2512:
2502:
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1740:
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that made claims to it. The markets of Duma specialized in slavery and prostitution with the
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2148:
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687:
8:
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1234:
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in April 631 to demolish an idol called Wadd, worshipped by the Banu Kalb tribe. In 630,
796:, which took place in October 630 to attack the Christian prince of Duma, as well as the
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727:
348:
296:
240:
208:
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1914:
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1839:
1465:. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World (136) (print ed.). BRILL. pp. 169–175.
1279:
897:
652:
272:, with one branch linking the various sources of valuable goods in India and southern
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1506:
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1371:
1343:
1342:. Bulletin of Nabataean Studies: Supplement Volume 1. Berlin: Logos. pp. 7-22 .
752:
732:
717:
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250:
85:
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1934:
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1431:
1337:
1320:
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529:
311:
231:
218:
187:
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Munoz, Olivia; Cotty, Marianne; Charloux, Guillaume; Bouchaud, Charlène (2020).
543:
Christian graffito discovered near al-Jawf and dating to AD 548/9, known as the
2825:
2774:
2724:
2170:
657:
627:
507:, as city with an immune fortress. After her forces had captured the city, the
491:
343:
The city has a history dating back to the 10th century BC and is mentioned in
1582:
1274:
2920:
1140:
368:
269:
116:
103:
1717:
The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām
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821:
540:
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459:
281:
254:
153:
89:
39:
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877:, which in turn support layers of stone that are roofed by mud-plastered
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for over four centuries, serving as the easternmost settlement along the
380:
246:
1853:
554:
2885:
1725:
414:
388:
376:
1524:
1376:
1372:"ThePlace: Dummat Al-Jandal, city of ruins in northwest Saudi Arabia"
533:
463:
1551:
873:, running parallel to the qibla wall. The pillars are all by wooden
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2744:
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SCTH - Saudi Commission for Tourism & National Heritage
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2820:
2601:
2335:
504:
500:
399:. Dūmah was the site of an important temple dedicated to Ishtar.
307:
291:
The ancient city of Duma was described as "the stronghold of the
277:
258:
288:. It has a historical boundary wall and stands within an oasis.
249:, is an ancient city of ruins and the historical capital of the
2880:
2840:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2739:
2734:
2719:
2709:
2507:
923:
885:
878:
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870:
483:
403:
396:
372:
857:
837:
826:
2895:
2875:
2850:
2845:
2794:
2729:
2714:
2586:
931:
866:
467:
392:
360:
292:
285:
265:
1769:
The Koran: commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed, Volume 1
1646:
Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks
2704:
2315:
851:
356:
1817:
1676:
387:. The latter is also given the title of high priestess of
1794:"6th millennium BC structure discovered in Saudi Arabia"
1492:
Healey (2001). "Ritual Actions: Offerings", pp. 161–163
1709:
1707:
1503:
The Desert Frontier of Arabia, Al-Jawf through the Ages
1291:, Splendid Arabia: A travel site with photos and routes
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and it became part of the newly formed Islamic empire.
1258:
Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal)
798:
Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (2nd Dumatul Jandal)
1704:
1224:
201:
1361:
Proceedings of a conference held in Berlin in 2011.
861:
Omar Mosque and al-Dar'i Quarter in Dumat al-Jandal
1599:
1339:Men on the Rocks: The Formation of Nabataean Petra
1253:Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal)
794:Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Dumatul Jandal)
482:was incorporated into the Roman Empire by Emperor
1738:
1682:
1573:Robinson, Chase (2011). Robinson, Chase F (ed.).
518:
351:dating to 845 BCE, in which it is referred to as
302:Some scholars identify this site as territory of
2918:
1325:. University of Riyadh Press. 1979. p. 260.
402:This town is perhaps intended in a passage from
1636:
144:
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1869:
1495:
570:
1713:
1621:
1619:
1463:The Religion of the Nabataeans: A Conspectus
28:
2284:Council of Economic and Development Affairs
1701:Original is from the University of Virginia
1577:. Cambridge University Press. p. 192.
395:of fertility, love and war associated with
371:that ruled this city are known, among them
299:clay prism dating from the 7th century BC.
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2661:
1876:
1862:
1720:. Princeton University Press. p. 48.
1642:
1612:. Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 225–226.
1501:Amir 'Abd al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Sudairi,
850:Umar Mosque (wrongly attributed to Caliph
577:
563:
38:
1883:
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1289:A travel through the province of Al Jouf
1263:List of cities and towns in Saudi Arabia
896:
856:
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550:
499:. In AD 269, the place was mentioned by
1335:
1213:Source: Climate-Data.org, Climate data
245:'depression'), which refers to
65:
2919:
1745:. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191.
1689:. Islamic Culture Board. p. 191.
1456:
1450:
901:In the ancient town's Al-Dar'i Quarter
447:Sacrifices of animals were common and
355:and is described as the capital of an
2656:
1857:
1739:William Pickthall, Marmaduke (1967).
1683:William Pickthall, Marmaduke (1967).
1549:
1522:
1426:
558:
217:
2927:Archaeological sites in Saudi Arabia
1765:
1605:
442:
338:
1643:Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004).
892:
235:
191:
29:
13:
1575:The New Cambridge History of Islam
1543:
1329:
922:. Archaeological researchers from
284:through Wadi Sirhan with southern
14:
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2066:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
1772:. BiblioBazaar, LLC. p. 40.
1268:
950:Climate data for Dumat Al-Jandal
489:Dumatha remained integral to the
44:The ruins of the ancient city of
2684:
1958:
1766:Sale, George (12 January 2010).
1227:
426:"Morning came, and so did night.
257:. It is located 37 km from
146:
64:
57:
2238:General Intelligence Presidency
1811:
1786:
1759:
1732:
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1248:Cities of the ancient Near East
815:
778:List of expeditions of Muhammad
473:
16:Historical city in Saudi Arabia
1516:
1486:
1436:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
1420:
1392:
1364:
1313:
913:
845:
519:Byzantine and Sasanian clients
428:If you would inquire, inquire.
367:). The names of five powerful
213:'Dumah of the Stone',
1:
2228:Chairman of the General Staff
1714:ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952).
1649:. Dar-us-Salam. p. 239.
1306:
1243:Ancient Towns in Saudi Arabia
787:Expedition of Dumat al-Jandal
421:Watchman, what of the night?"
419:"Watchman, what of the night?
810:
317:
306:, one of the twelve sons of
264:The city stood north of the
7:
2470:Water supply and sanitation
2299:History of the oil industry
2166:Mutaween (religious police)
1220:
1069:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
999:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
766:Military career of Muhammad
545:Dumat al-Jandal inscription
410:The "Dumah" Pronouncement.
359:kingdom sometimes named as
219:[ˈduːmatalˈdʒandal]
202:
10:
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1212:
949:
937:
819:
775:
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333:
280:, and another linking the
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2691:Main Saudi Arabian cities
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2091:National Security Council
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1976:
1967:
1956:
1895:
1742:Islamic culture, Volume 9
1686:Islamic culture, Volume 9
1583:10.1017/CHOL9780521838238
1529:. Brill. pp. 23–24.
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841:Inside view of the castle
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598:
486:defeated the Nabataeans.
173:
165:
160:
140:
132:
95:
81:
73:Shown within Saudi Arabia
52:
37:
26:
2336:Tadawul (stock exchange)
2331:Supreme Economic Council
2279:Capital Market Authority
2233:General Staff Presidency
2086:Mabahith (secret police)
1556:Arabian Epigraphic Notes
1457:Healey, John F. (2001).
1302:Saudi Aramco World, 1998
805:captured Dumat al-Jandal
413:A call comes to me from
253:, today in northwestern
2218:Strategic Missile Force
1606:Muir, William (1861).
1400:"The Esarhaddon Prism"
902:
862:
842:
834:
440:
2061:Consultative Assembly
1550:Nehmé, Laila (2017).
900:
860:
840:
829:
785:Muhammad ordered the
764:Further information:
551:During Muhammad's era
424:The watchman replied,
408:
117:29.81139°N 39.86833°E
1836:10.15184/aqy.2020.81
1523:Ahmed, Asad (2011).
1459:"Images and Rituals"
792:He also ordered the
683:1st Daumat al-Jandal
347:inscriptions of the
2326:Saudi Central Bank
2134:Freedom of religion
1910:Early Islamic State
1609:The life of Mahomet
1300:"Unsung Crossroads"
1235:Saudi Arabia portal
802:Khalid ibn al-Walid
349:Neo-Assyrian Empire
113: /
23:
2699:1,000,000 and more
2341:Telecommunications
2124:Capital punishment
2051:Allegiance Council
1930:Emirate of Diriyah
1915:Rashidun Caliphate
1905:Pre-Islamic Arabia
1404:The British Museum
1298:Tschanz, David W.
903:
863:
843:
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723:3rd Wadi al-Qurra'
310:mentioned in the
174:Public access
122:29.81139; 39.86833
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1925:Abbasid Caliphate
1920:Umayyad Caliphate
1671:The Sealed Nectar
1627:The Sealed Nectar
1536:978-90-04-19435-9
1472:978-90-04-10754-0
1443:978-0-8028-2126-3
1428:Dever, William G.
1217:
1216:
920:journal Antiquity
881:and palm trunks.
773:
772:
443:Nabataean kingdom
430:Come back again."
339:Ancient Near East
244:
222:), also known as
212:
200:
192:دُومَة ٱلْجَنْدَل
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30:دُومَة ٱلْجَنْدَل
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2932:Al-Jawf Province
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1986:Cities and towns
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1940:Kingdom of Hejaz
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1830:(375): 601–621.
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1380:. 4 January 2019
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618:Dhu al-'Ushairah
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513:kingdom of Kinda
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251:Al Jawf Province
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2831:Al Qunfudhah
2453:Prostitution
2426:universities
2399:Demographics
2294:Oil reserves
2139:Human rights
2081:Crown Prince
2001:Governorates
1885:Saudi Arabia
1827:
1823:
1813:
1803:11 September
1801:. Retrieved
1797:
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1497:
1488:
1476:. Retrieved
1462:
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1422:
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1407:. Retrieved
1403:
1394:
1382:. Retrieved
1375:
1366:
1353:. Retrieved
1338:
1331:
1321:
1315:
1143:mm (inches)
941:
928:Saudi Arabia
917:
908:
904:
883:
864:
849:
831:Marid Castle
822:Marid Castle
816:Marid Castle
791:
784:
781:
693:Banu Qurayza
541:Paleo-Arabic
538:
522:
509:Marid Castle
496:
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474:Roman period
457:
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364:
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297:Neo-Assyrian
290:
282:Persian Gulf
263:
255:Saudi Arabia
227:
223:
183:
182:
154:Saudi Arabia
141:Part of
90:Saudi Arabia
45:
18:
2937:Wadi Sirhan
2908:cdsi.gov.sa
2826:Al Majma'ah
2809:<300,000
2493:Visual arts
2433:Health care
2269:Agriculture
2213:Air Defense
2176:Visa policy
1996:Earthquakes
1945:Unification
914:Archaeology
865:The north (
846:Umar Mosque
708:Hudaybiyyah
703:Banu Lahyan
698:al-Muraysi'
539:In 2017, a
478:In AD 106,
369:Arab queens
247:Wadi Sirhan
120: /
96:Coordinates
2921:Categories
2886:Ras Tanura
2518:television
2389:Censorship
2311:Irrigation
1726:B002G9N1NQ
1562:: 121–164.
1307:References
668:Banu Nadir
526:Byzantines
389:Atarsamain
215:pronounced
161:Site notes
136:Settlement
108:39°52′06″E
105:29°48′41″N
2458:Terrorism
2421:libraries
2416:Education
2351:Transport
2274:Companies
2208:Air Force
2161:Judiciary
2129:Elections
2119:Basic Law
2011:Provinces
2006:Mountains
1969:Geography
1844:225721042
1824:Antiquity
1673:, p. 277.
1377:Arab News
811:Landmarks
648:Dhu 'Amar
587:Campaigns
534:Banu Kalb
530:Sasanians
464:Nabataean
385:Teʾelḫunu
326:name was
318:Etymology
197:romanized
166:Condition
2906:Source:
2816:Al Bahah
2765:Buraidah
2760:Al-Kharj
2637:Category
2564:Heritage
2552:football
2535:Religion
2508:Language
2448:Polygamy
2384:Abortion
2190:Military
2171:Passport
2035:Politics
2021:Wildlife
1889:articles
1798:phys.org
1505:, 1995,
1478:30 March
1430:(2001).
1384:30 March
1355:30 March
1221:See also
1139:Average
1039:(102.0)
1034:(101.8)
833:in Dumah
591:Muhammad
466:pottery
449:Porphyry
433:—
353:Adummatu
345:Akkadian
328:Adummatu
324:Akkadian
293:Arabians
236:ٱلْجَوْف
169:In ruins
82:Location
46:Adummatu
2891:Unaizah
2871:Sakakah
2861:Diriyah
2856:Dhahran
2821:Al Lith
2621:Outline
2574:Symbols
2559:Theatre
2503:Cuisine
2480:Culture
2443:Obesity
2372:Society
2346:Tourism
2257:Economy
2056:Cabinet
1991:Climate
1981:Borders
1897:History
1409:27 June
1134:(60.4)
1129:(41.2)
1124:(51.6)
1119:(64.6)
1114:(74.3)
1109:(78.6)
1104:(78.6)
1099:(74.8)
1094:(68.7)
1089:(60.3)
1084:(49.8)
1079:(43.5)
1074:(38.8)
1064:(83.8)
1059:(63.0)
1054:(73.4)
1049:(90.1)
1044:(99.7)
1029:(99.1)
1024:(92.7)
1019:(84.2)
1014:(73.8)
1009:(65.7)
1004:(59.5)
938:Climate
875:lintels
871:pillars
718:Khaybar
505:Palmyra
501:Zenobia
480:Dumatha
334:History
308:Ishmael
295:" on a
278:Babylon
259:Sakakah
243:
228:Al-Jouf
224:Al-Jawf
211:
199::
2881:Khafji
2841:Abqaiq
2790:Najran
2785:Khobar
2780:Jubail
2740:Riyadh
2735:Medina
2720:Jeddah
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1887:
1842:
1776:
1749:
1724:
1693:
1653:
1631:online
1589:
1533:
1509:
1469:
1440:
1346:
1208:(2.3)
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1198:(0.2)
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397:Ishtar
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274:Arabia
232:Arabic
188:Arabic
151:
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2846:Bareq
2800:Tabuk
2795:Qatif
2770:Ha'il
2745:Ta'if
2730:Mecca
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2628:Index
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2587:Dance
2547:Sport
2540:Islam
2525:Music
2513:Media
2404:youth
2394:Crime
2154:Women
2016:Wadis
1840:S2CID
1513:, p49
994:Year
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867:qibla
753:Ta'if
748:Autas
743:Tabuk
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713:Fidak
638:Sawiq
623:Abwa'
613:Buwat
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365:Qidri
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286:Syria
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1188:(0)
1183:(0)
1178:(0)
1168:(0)
1132:15.8
1122:10.9
1117:18.1
1112:23.5
1107:25.9
1102:25.9
1097:23.8
1092:20.4
1087:15.7
1062:28.8
1057:17.2
1052:23.0
1047:32.3
1042:37.6
1037:38.9
1032:38.8
1027:37.3
1022:33.7
1017:29.0
1012:23.2
1007:18.7
1002:15.3
991:Dec
988:Nov
985:Oct
982:Sep
979:Aug
976:Jul
973:Jun
970:May
967:Apr
964:Mar
961:Feb
958:Jan
930:and
884:The
852:Umar
658:Uhud
633:Kudr
628:Badr
528:and
415:Seir
391:, a
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241:lit.
209:lit.
133:Type
2488:Art
2111:Law
1832:doi
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1127:5.1
1082:9.9
1077:6.4
1072:3.8
589:of
451:'s
226:or
177:yes
2923::
1838:.
1828:94
1826:.
1822:.
1796:.
1706:^
1618:^
1585:.
1558:.
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1191:10
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1146:10
926:,
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379:,
375:,
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238:,
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1196:6
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564:v
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