Electric bicycle - Knowledge

1104: 1572: 2089: 1892: 1963: 1880: 1256: 1228: 5632: 1906: 1856: 1240: 2142: 2101: 2123: 4884: 5638: 4872: 2619: 1551: 1922: 319: 1868: 1658: 1068: 6418: 910: 1689:(Li-ion). Batteries vary according to the voltage, total charge capacity (amp hours), weight, the number of charging cycles before performance degrades, and ability to handle over-voltage charging conditions. The energy costs of operating e-bikes are small, but there can be considerable battery replacement costs. The lifespan of a battery pack varies depending on the type of usage. Shallow discharge/recharge cycles help extend the overall battery life. 924: 1046:

compared to e-bikes and e-scooters. E-scooters, however, cannot be categorised as an active transport mode, as they require minimal physical effort and, therefore, offer no health benefits. Additionally, the substantial incidence of accidents and injuries involving e-scooters underscores the considerable safety concerns and perceived risks associated with their use in urban settings. E-bikes stand out as the only option that combines the benefits of

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the selected path without becoming too fatigued or without having forced their knee joints too hard (people who need to use their knee joints without wearing them out unnecessarily may in some electric bikes adjust the level of motor assistance according to the terrain). A University of Tennessee study provides evidence that energy expenditure (EE) and oxygen consumption (VO

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bicycle sales revenue in that year. By early 2010 one in every eight bicycles sold in the country is electric-powered despite the fact that on average an e-bike is three times more expensive than a regular bicycle. E-bike sales have now overtaken those of unpowered bikes, reaching 423,000 in 2019 and 547,000 in 2020.

1482:, i.e. Speedy-Pedelecs) in Germany. These have a motor more powerful than 250 W (0.34 hp) and less limited, or unlimited, pedal-assist, i.e. the motor does not stop assisting the rider once 25 km/h (16 mph) has been reached. S-Pedelec class e-bikes are therefore usually classified as 2005:

suggested that the greatest opportunities are in rural and sub-urban settings: city dwellers already have many low-carbon travel options, so the greatest impact would be on encouraging use outside urban areas. The study further suggested there may also be scope for e-bikes to help people who are most

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An Electric Pusher Trailer is an e-bike design which incorporates a motor and battery into a trailer that pushes any bicycle. One such trailer is the two-wheeled Ridekick. Other, rarer designs include that of a 'chopper' styled e-bike, which are designed as more of a 'fun' or 'novelty' e-bike than as

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or motorcycles rather than as bicycles and therefore may (depending on the jurisdiction) need to be registered and insured, the rider may need some sort of driver's license (either car or motorcycle) and motorcycle helmets may have to be worn. In the United States, many states have adopted S-Pedelecs

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vehicles. When comparing bicycles, e-bikes, and e-scooters from active and inclusiveness perspectives, traditional bicycles, while promoting physical activity, are less accessible to certain demographics due to the need for greater physical exertion, which also limits the distances bicycles can cover

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E-bikes can also provide a source of exercise for individuals who have trouble exercising for an extended time (due to injury or excessive weight, for example) as the bike can allow the rider to take short breaks from pedaling and also provide confidence to the rider that they'll be able to complete

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Electric trikes have also been produced that conform to the e-bike legislation. These have the benefit of additional low speed stability and are often favored by people with disabilities. Cargo carrying tricycles are also gaining acceptance, with a small but growing number of couriers using them for

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Pedelecs are much like conventional bicycles in use and function—the electric motor only provides assistance, for example, when the rider is climbing or struggling against a headwind. Pedelecs are therefore especially useful for people in hilly areas where riding a bike would prove too strenuous for

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in city centers to avoid traffic disruption and accidents. By late 2009 motorcycles, were banned or restricted in over ninety major Chinese cities. Commuters began replacing traditional bicycles and motorcycles and e-bike became an alternative to commuting by car. Nevertheless, road safety concerns

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China has experienced an explosive growth of sales of non-assisted e-bikes including scooter type, with annual sales jumping from 56,000 units in 1998 to over 21 million in 2008, and reaching an estimated fleet of 120 million e-bikes in early 2010. This boom was triggered by Chinese local

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The main advantage mid-drive motors have over hub motors is that power is applied through the chain (or belt) and thus it uses the existing rear gears (either external or internal). This allows for the motor to operate more efficiently at a wider range of vehicle speeds. Without using the bicycle's

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Brushless hub motors are the most common in modern designs. The motor is built into the wheel hub itself, while the stator is fixed solidly to the axle, and the magnets are attached to and rotating with the wheel. The bicycle wheel hub is the motor. The power levels of motors used are influenced by

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According to trade umbrella body CONEBI, electric bike sales in the EU were over 5 million in 2021, up from 2 million e-bikes in 2016, up from 700,000 in 2010 and 200,000 in 2007. In 2019, the EU implemented a 79.3% protective tariff on imported Chinese e-bikes to protect EU producers. In

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and catching fire. A rise in incidents where e-bike batteries were implicated in fires has been attributed to increases in popularity and lack of regulations. Lower-quality batteries are more likely to be manufactured with defects that can cause bulging or bursting, however, there is an incredibly

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Schleinitz et al. (2014) concluded that e-bike users in Germany were no more likely than conventional cyclists to be involved in "safety-critical situations". However, Dozza et al. (2015) concluded (from an analysis of Swedish cyclists) that e-bikers may be involved in more critical incidents but

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E-bike usage worldwide has experienced rapid growth since 1998. China is the world's leading producer of e-bikes. According to the data of the China Bicycle Association, a government-chartered industry group, in 2004 China's manufacturers sold 7.5 million e-bikes nationwide, which was almost

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It is illegal to use a powered transporter: on a public road without complying with a number of legal requirements, which potential users will find very difficult in spaces that are set aside for use by pedestrians, cyclists, and horse-riders; this includes on the pavement and in cycle lanes Any

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A 2008 market survey showed that the average distance traveled in the Netherlands by commuters on a standard bicycle is 6.3 kilometres (3.9 mi) while with an e-bike this distance increases to 9.8 kilometres (6.1 mi). This survey also showed that e-bike ownership is particularly popular

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The Netherlands has a fleet of 18 million bicycles for its population of 18 million (as of 2024). E-bikes have reached a market share of 10% by 2009, as e-bikes sales quadrupled from 40,000 units to 153,000 between 2006 and 2009, and the electric-powered models represented 25% of the total

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In April 2019, China's regulatory policies changed, and new standards around electric bikes were introduced, governing a bicycle's weight, maximum speed and nominal voltage among other factors. Vehicles which apply the new standard, including international 25 km/h speed limit, are legally

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e-bikes. China's e-bike manufacturers, such as Xinri, are now partnering with universities in a bid to improve their technology in line with international environmental standards, backed by the Chinese government who is keen to improve the export potential of the Chinese manufactured e-bikes.

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than those using conventional bikes. By making the biking terrain less of an issue, people who would not otherwise consider biking can use the electric assistance when needed and otherwise pedal as they are able. E-bikes can be a useful part of cardiac rehabilitation programmes, since health

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with inclusivity, as their electric-motor, pedal-assist feature helps riders cover greater distances. The motor helps users overcome obstacles such as steep inclines and the need for high physical effort, making e-bikes suitable for a wide variety of users. This feature also allows e-bikes to

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Both land management regulators and mountain bike trail access advocates have argued for bans of electric bicycles on outdoor trails that are accessible to mountain bikes, citing potential safety hazards as well as the potential for electric bikes to damage trails. A study conducted by the

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By 2007, e-bikes were thought to make up 10 to 20 percent of all two-wheeled vehicles on the streets of many major Chinese cities. A typical unit requires eight hours to charge the battery, which provides the range of 25 to 30 miles (40 to 48 km), at the speed of around 20 km/h

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allow the rider to carry large, heavy items which would be difficult to transport without electric power supplementing the human power input. These bikes can also allow for adults to continue biking into parenthood, enabling the transportation of children without using a car.

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Because the power is applied through the chain and sprocket, power is typically limited to around 250–500 watts to protect against fast wear on the drivetrain. An electric mid-drive combined with an internal gear hub at the back hub may require care due to the lack of a

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person who uses a powered transporter on a public road or other prohibited space in breach of the law is committing a criminal offence and can be prosecuted. ... The term 'powered transporters' ... includes ... powered unicycles, and u-wheels.

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E-bikes are classed according to the power that their electric motor can deliver and the control system, i.e., when and how the power from the motor is applied. Also the classification of e-bikes is complicated as much of the definition is due to the

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bicycles which use a small battery disguised as a water bottle. Some are designed to take the appearance of low capacity motorcycles "moto-style", but smaller in size and consisting of an electric motor rather than a petrol engine. For example, the

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Range is a key consideration with e-bikes, and is affected by factors such as motor efficiency, battery capacity, efficiency of the driving electronics, aerodynamics, hills and weight of the bike and rider. Some manufacturers, such as the Canadian

1728:. The bicycles were then charged from the mains, as is common today. While e-bike batteries were produced mainly by bigger companies in past, many small to medium companies have started using new methods for creating more durable batteries. 1115:

In the 1890s, electric bicycles were documented within various U.S. patents. For example, on 31 December 1895, Ogden Bolton Jr. was granted a patent for a battery-powered bicycle with "6-pole brush-and-commutator direct current (DC)

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Some newer electric bikes include a pedal assist system (PAS) with or without throttle, allowing riders to pedal while using the electric motor to increase range. There are electric propulsion conversion kits for ordinary bicycles.

4633: 1355:: have pedal-assist only, motor power can be greater than 250 W (0.34 hp), can attain a higher speed (e.g., 45 km/h or 28 mph)) before motor stops assisting, sometimes legally classed as a moped or motorcycle. 1986:

must be accounted for. E-bikes emit similar pollutants per kilometer as buses, with emission rates several times lower than motorcycles and cars. E-bikes are generally seen as environmentally desirable in an urban environment.

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basis only; the motor is engaged and operated manually using a throttle, with control usually on the handgrip as on a motorbike or scooter. These sorts of e-bikes often, but not always, have more powerful motors than pedelecs.

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Brand, Christian; Götschi, Thomas; Dons, Evi; Gerike, Regine; Anaya-Boig, Esther; Avila-Palencia, Ione; de Nazelle, Audrey; Gascon, Mireia; Gaupp-Berghausen, Mailin; Iacorossi, Francesco; Kahlmeier, Sonja (1 March 2021).

1937:) for e-bikes are 24% lower than that for conventional bicycles, and 64% lower than for walking. Further, the study notes that the difference between e-bikes and bicycles are most pronounced on the uphill segments. 1945:

professionals will often recommend a stationary bike be used in the early stages of these. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes can reduce deaths in people with coronary heart disease by around 27%.

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continue as around 2,500 e-bike related deaths were registered in 2007. By late 2009, ten cities had also banned or imposed restrictions on e-bikes on the same grounds as motorcycles. Among these cities were

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many to consider taking up cycling as a daily means of transport. They are also useful for riders who more generally need some assistance, e.g. for people with heart, leg muscle or knee joint issues.

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E-bike use was shown to increase the amount of physical activity. E-bike users in seven European cities had 10% higher weekly energy expenditure than other cyclists because they cycled longer trips.

3624:"Physical activity of electric bicycle users compared to conventional bicycle users and non-cyclists: Insights based on health and transport data from an online survey in seven European cities" 1806:

Various designs (including those mentioned above) are designed to fit inside most area laws, and the ones that contain pedals can be used on roads in the United Kingdom, among other countries.

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There are individuals who claim to have lost considerable amounts of weight by using an electric bike. A recent prospective cohort study however found that people using e-bikes have a higher

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There are many e-bikes design variations available, some with batteries attached to the frame, some housed within the tube. Some use fat tires for improved stability and off-road capability.

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or a fully automatic internal gear hub may reduce the shocks due to the viscosity of oils used for liquid coupling instead of the mechanical couplings of the conventional internal gear hubs.

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twice the year 2003 sales; domestic sales reached 10 million in 2005, and 16 to 18 million in 2006. In 2016, approximately 210 million electric bikes were used daily in China.

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frequently have more powerful motors than pedelecs. The more powerful of these are legally classed as mopeds or motorcycles, but may not meet the legal requirements for registration as

1458:. The EN15194 standard is valid across the whole of the EU and has been adopted by some non-EU European nations including the UK, and also some non-European jurisdictions (such as the 2266:

electric bicycles market was valued at US$ 1.14 million in 2021, and is expected to reach US$ 2.31 million by 2027, projecting a CAGR of 12.69% during this forecast period.

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e-bike with a relatively low-powered electric motor and a decent but not excessive top speed. Pedelecs are legally classed as bicycles rather than low-powered motorcycles or mopeds.

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The environmental effects involved in recharging the batteries can of course be reduced. The small size of the battery pack on an e-bike, relative to the larger pack used in an

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or other renewable energy resources. Sanyo capitalized on this benefit when it set up "solar parking lots", in which e-bike riders can charge their vehicles while parked under

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of what constitutes a bicycle and what constitutes a moped or motorcycle. As such, the classification of these e-bikes varies greatly across countries and local jurisdictions.

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used to assist propulsion. Many kinds of e-bikes are available worldwide, but they generally fall into two broad categories: bikes that assist the rider's pedal-power (i.e.

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founded EV Global Motors in 1997, a company that produced an electric bicycle model named E-bike SX, and it was one of the early efforts to popularize e-bikes in the US.

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e-bike incorporates a 200 W motor found on standard e-bikes, but also includes plastic cladding, front and rear lights, and a speedometer. It is styled as a modern

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into the Class 3 category, limited to not more than 750 W (1.01 hp) of power and 28 mph (45 km/h) speed. In Europe they are likely to be classed as

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considered as bicycles and do not require registration. E-bikes out of this standard are considered as motorcycles and are subject to helmet and license regulation.

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China is the world's leading manufacturer of e-bikes, with 22.2 million units produced in 2009. Some of the biggest manufacturers of E-bikes in the world are

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2022, electric bikes continued to grow market share in the EU, rising to 57% of bike sales in the Netherlands, 49% in Austria, 48% in Germany and 47% in Belgium.

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of not more than 250 W (0.34 hp) (n.b. the motor can produce more power for short periods, such as when the rider is struggling to get up a steep hill).

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Another reason ebikes are popular is the low cost to charge, such as this e-bike which costs 10 cents to charge and able to provide 30 miles of range at 20 MPH.

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Another type of electric assist motor is the mid-drive system, where the electric motor is not built into the wheel but is usually mounted beside or under the

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and typically are motor-powered up to 25 to 32 km/h (16 to 20 mph). High-powered varieties can often travel more than 45 km/h (28 mph).

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the motor sits in the rear hub. Hub motors were common in 19th century electric bicycle designs but fell out of favor until their resurgence in the 2000s.

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Converting a non-electric bicycle to its electric equivalent can be complicated but numerous 'replace a wheel' solutions are now available on the market.

5190: 1190:) was granted in 1997 to a team led by Yutaka Takada, for a "Sensor, drive force auxiliary device ... and torque sensor zero point adjusting mechanism". 1156:) depicted an electric bicycle with a rear-wheel friction, "roller-wheel"-style drive. In 1969, Schnepf's invention was expanded by G. A. Wood Jr. ( 1731:

Lithium ion batteries used in e-bikes and related vehicles such as electric scooters have been under scrutiny since 2019 due to their susceptibility to

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shell. The propulsion is provided at the pedals rather than at the wheel, being eventually applied to the wheel via the bicycle's standard drive train.

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The market was valued at USD 13.98 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 34.61 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 9.48% from 2024 to 2033.

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among people aged 65 and over, but limited among commuters. The e-bike is used in particular for recreational bicycle trips, shopping and errands.

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The environmental credentials of e-bikes, and electric / human powered hybrids generally, have led some municipal authorities to use them, such as

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gears, equivalent hub motors tend to be less effective propelling the ebike slowly up steep hills and also propelling the ebike fast on the flat.

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Hub motors fell out of favor until the latter part of the first decade of the 2000s when they made a resurgence on inexpensive electric bicycles.

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Despite these legal complications, the classification of e-bikes is mainly decided by whether the e-bike's motor assists the rider using a

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low instance of issue among larger more established manufacturers. In 2024, the world's largest electric bike maker, Giant Manufacturing,

7423: 5563: 5343: 4411: 3420:"Electric bicycles and cargo bikes—Tools for parents to keep on biking in auto-centric communities? Findings from a US metropolitan area" 3129: 4529: 2911: 3728: 3604: 1305:– have a sensor to detect the pedalling speed, the pedalling force, or both. Brake activation is sensed to disable the motor as well. 3824: 1051:

traverse distances that would typically necessitate the use of private cars or multi-modal travel, such as both a bicycle and local

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e-bike. The bicycle included NiCd batteries that were built into a frame member and included an 850 g permanent-magnet motor.

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motor units are both used. An electric power-assist system may be added to almost any pedal cycle using chain drive, belt drive,

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Some vehicles might not technically be an electric bicycle, but might be grouped in that category by transportation authorities.

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do not conform to e-bike legislation in most countries and therefore cannot be used on the road, but may be legal to use on the

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Delivery by e-bike can be more efficient in dense urban environments where parking is not always available for larger vehicles.

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as food-delivery vehicles. The North American Electric Bike Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.13% from 2021 to 2028.

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A 2018 study in England found that e-bikes, if used to replace car travel, have the capability to "cut car carbon dioxide (CO

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A bike equipped with an after market electric hub motor conversion kit, with the battery pack placed on the rear carrier rack

222: 120: 3500: 3241: 8063: 6447: 5007: 4909: 4734: 4037:"The climate change mitigation impacts of active travel: Evidence from a longitudinal panel study in seven European cities" 1849:

package deliveries in city centres. Latest designs of these trikes resemble a cross-between a pedal cycle and a small van.

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E-bikes zoom down streets, zigzag around cars and zip across sidewalks, changing the way some residents view the streets.

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Hosseini, Keyvan; Pramod Choudhari, Tushar; Stefaniec, Agnieszka; O’Mahony, Margaret; Caulfield, Brian (1 August 2024).

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with "lower severity". Additionally, e-bikers were less likely to have dangerous interactions with motorized vehicles.

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in the bottom bracket, is a necessary part in mid-drive systems to allow the electric motor to work inside its optimal

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to supplement or replace batteries for cars and some SUVS. E-bikes developed in Switzerland in the late 1980s for the

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Hung, Nguyen Ba; Lim, Ocktaeck (2020). "A review of history, development, design and research of electric bicycles".

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Electric bicycle usage can have several health benefits and rider safety can be improved through the use of a helmet.

777: 597: 318: 287: 269: 167: 101: 70: 56: 31: 3475: 3080:"European Commission imposes up to 79.3% combined anti-dumping and anti-subsidy duties on e-bike imports from China" 2586:"E-bike to the future: Scalability, emission-saving, and eco-efficiency assessment of shared electric mobility hubs" 5848: 5788: 3348: 2275: 1682: 1534:

Some power-on-demand only e-bikes are very different from, and cannot be classified as, bicycles. For example, the

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Fishman, Elliot; Cherry, Christopher (30 July 2015). "E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research".

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who rely on using e-bikes to do their jobs may also be limited in their choice of vehicle and purchase a cheap or

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A recent study on the environment impact of e-bikes versus other forms of transportation found that e-bikes are:

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Global status report on road safety 2018. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO

4440: 4290:"IMBA Preliminary Study Results Suggest That Electric Bikes Aren't Especially Damaging To Mountain Bike Trails" 2936:(in German). Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft (German Insurance Association). Archived from 2742: 2070: 105: 4403: 5469: 5180: 4551: 1454:

An e-bike conforming to these conditions is considered to be a pedelec in the EU and is legally classed as a

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Fishman, Elliot; Cherry, Christopher (2016). "E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research".

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There are strict shipping regulations for lithium-ion batteries, due to safety concerns. In this regard,

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along the outside edge of the wheel, was patented by Mathew J. Steffens. An 1899 patent by John Schnepf (

941: 8043: 8033: 7409: 6471: 6146: 5549: 5476: 5232: 4850: 4680: 1827: 1678: 1079: 811: 2585: 7778: 6241: 5323: 2959: 2367: 1732: 1583: 1108: 914: 490: 3159: 1215: 7365: 7226: 7093: 6606: 6551: 6166: 5772: 5767: 5667: 5657: 5185: 5143: 4925: 4331: 3733: 3697:"Comparing physical activity of pedal-assist electric bikes with walking and conventional bicycles" 2251: 2250:

In 2009 the U.S. had an estimated fleet of 200,000 e-bikes. In 2012 they were increasingly favored

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A modern electric cargo trike in use in London, with a payload of up to 250 kg (550 lb)

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Not all e-bikes take the form of conventional push-bikes with an incorporated motor, such as the

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available legal categories and are often, but not always limited to under 750 watts. With a

928: 806: 796: 500: 435: 196: 94: 2362: 1135:) that was propelled by a "double electric motor". The motor was designed within the hub of the 8048: 7807: 7788: 7707: 7631: 7390: 7328: 7214: 6843: 6833: 6311: 6291: 6033: 5975: 5808: 5757: 5530: 5369: 5207: 5046: 4987: 3930:"How Sustainable are the Batteries in E-bikes and Other MTB Gadgets? We Asked a Battery Expert" 2094:

Legislation has led to more e-bike usage in China, with e-bike rentals catering to that growth.

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Technisches "Reglement der Tour de Sol 1989/1990", published by Tour de Sol, Bern, Switzerland

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Stilo, Lorenzo; Segura-Velandia, Diana; Lugo, Heinz; Conway, Paul P.; West, Andrew A. (2021).

1867: 243: 141: 6373: 6357: 6116: 5887: 5400: 5328: 5280: 5155: 3572: 3137: 2844: 2025: 1674: 1430:. EU directive (EN15194 standard) for motor vehicles considers a bicycle to be a pedelec if: 1028: 736: 681: 671: 510: 425: 62: 5631: 2278:. These donated bikes are used for snipers and anti-tank weapons. This echoes past usage of 1861:

Diagram illustrating a standard bicycle converted to an e-bike using a retail conversion kit

1438:, i.e. the motorised assistance that only engages when the rider is pedalling, cuts out once 8058: 8038: 7513: 7508: 7481: 7333: 6511: 6171: 5525: 5109: 4175: 4048: 4000: 3887: 3772: 3635: 3431: 3396: 2451: 2412: 2074: 1670: 1009: 1005: 870: 765: 609: 515: 375: 3972: 3955: 2623: 2618: 1126:). There were no gears and the motor could draw up to 100 amperes from a 10-volt battery. 8: 7859: 7692: 7687: 7641: 7568: 7518: 7461: 6728: 6668: 6576: 6541: 6526: 6495: 6276: 6183: 6053: 5965: 5922: 5914: 5611: 5374: 2018: 1686: 691: 557: 540: 485: 340: 328: 4179: 4052: 4004: 3891: 3776: 3639: 3435: 2827: 2622: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the 2455: 2416: 1673:

in addition to electric motors and some form of control. Battery systems in use include

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but can be broadly classified into pedelecs proper and the more powerful S-Pedelecs.

1246: 1038: 985: 646: 562: 30:"Electric bike" and "eBike" redirect here. For electrically powered motorcycles, see 4061: 4036: 4020: 3907: 3810: 7894: 7773: 7667: 7616: 7583: 7486: 7198: 6997: 6879: 6421: 6393: 6286: 6271: 6226: 6106: 6048: 5880: 5736: 5731: 5688: 5572: 5338: 5318: 5285: 5138: 5061: 4876: 4565: 4183: 4142: 4103: 4066: 4056: 4008: 3967: 3895: 3788: 3780: 3653: 3643: 3439: 2597: 2564: 2533: 2504: 2494: 2459: 2424: 2420: 2347: 2279: 1831: 1721: 1662: 1626: 1052: 748: 582: 567: 528: 480: 455: 395: 4267:"Electric Bicycles; the Green Innovation gaining traction in world export markets" 4188: 4163: 4147: 4130: 4107: 3444: 3419: 2700: 2569: 2552: 2537: 1724:

but these were later fixed on roofs and connected so as to feed into the electric

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Two years later, in 1897, Hosea W. Libbey of Boston invented an electric bicycle (

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Department for Transport; Driver & Vehicle Standards Agency (December 2018).

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mechanism to soften the shock to the gears at the moment of re-engagement. A

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More powerful pedelecs which are not legally classed as bicycles are dubbed

7986: 7553: 7028: 6961: 6921: 6900: 6811: 6801: 6723: 6688: 6648: 6521: 6296: 6073: 5985: 5606: 5591: 5410: 5275: 5255: 5240: 5175: 5116: 5104: 4871: 4504: 4071: 3802: 3793: 3658: 2815:, by Tim Johnson. Originally published 23 May 2007 by McClatchy Newspapers. 2440:"Electric bicycles, next generation low carbon transport systems: A survey" 2388: 2010: 1974:, as they emit no combustion by-products, but the environmental effects of 1373: 826: 711: 380: 345: 6432: 2553:"The rise of the e-bike: Towards an extension of the practice of cycling?" 2148: 1756:, have passed laws requiring that all electric mobility devices sold have 1657: 1550: 1139:

axle. (This model was later re-invented and imitated in the late 1990s by

7950: 7904: 7783: 7626: 7543: 7493: 7385: 7231: 7129: 7059: 6976: 6806: 6638: 6352: 6342: 6281: 6231: 6131: 6126: 6028: 5260: 4974: 4951: 4888: 4404:"Launching strategy for electric vehicles: Lessons from China and Taiwan" 2583: 2203: 2110: 2014: 1994:) emissions in England by up to 50% (about 30 million tonnes per year)". 1745: 1718: 1714: 1194: 831: 706: 656: 619: 602: 587: 405: 3172: 1067: 8012: 8001: 7981: 7965: 7884: 7682: 7672: 7646: 7591: 7563: 7558: 7498: 7471: 7466: 7168: 7054: 7033: 7023: 6941: 6926: 6884: 6848: 6838: 6828: 6718: 6713: 6618: 6516: 6347: 6301: 6178: 6151: 6063: 6043: 3098: 2881: 2499: 2480: 2312: 2167: 1843: 1796: 1741: 1147: 1024: 841: 666: 661: 629: 592: 577: 360: 3876:"E-bike safety: Individual-level factors and incident characteristics" 3190: 2509: 1316:, usually handlebar-mounted just like on most motorcycles or scooters. 1186:

were developed during the late 1990s. For example, a Japanese patent (

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Cherry, Christopher R.; Weinert, Jonathan X.; Xinmiao, Yang (2009).

3261:"How New York Plans to Regulate E-Bikes in the Wake of Deadly Fires" 2746: 923: 185: 83: 8006: 7991: 7960: 7955: 7899: 7889: 7745: 7697: 7345: 7313: 7069: 6823: 6816: 6698: 6693: 6663: 6506: 6000: 5995: 5510: 5305: 5295: 4416: 3956:"Development of electric bicycle and its impact on the environment" 3829: 3048:"European electric bike sales pass 5 million, all bikes 22 million" 2907: 2784:"INVESTING IT; A Bet on Electric Bikes, or at Least on Lee Iacocca" 2307: 2223: 2219: 2211: 2180: 2176: 2065:

Of about equal impact to the environment as a conventional bicycle.

1823: 1769: 1579: 1313: 1136: 836: 721: 716: 370: 365: 335: 4532:. Asia Times. 7 May 2010. Archived from the original on 9 May 2010 2934:"Was Sie über den Versicherungsschutz von pedelecs wissen sollten" 7945: 7930: 7914: 7853: 7750: 7733: 7702: 7677: 7651: 7611: 7538: 7534: 7370: 7290: 7278: 6874: 6864: 6757: 6708: 6571: 6556: 6491: 6141: 5945: 5903: 5752: 5379: 5359: 5229: 5094: 4964: 4783:"Ukraine Is Using Quiet Electric Bikes to Haul Anti-Tank Weapons" 4757:"India E-bike Market Size, Share (2022 - 27) | Industry Analysis" 2478: 2317: 2215: 2207: 2106: 2002: 1748:

e-bike that is more prone to damage. Some jurisdictions, such as

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ride by electric motor alone by operating the throttle manually.

7909: 7178: 7151: 7145: 7123: 7018: 5762: 5500: 5250: 4837: 4321:"Life Cycle Assessment of Transportation Options for Commuters" 2479:

Salmeron-Manzano, Esther; Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco (2018).

2184: 2152: 2114: 1638: 1488: 547: 4727:"North America E-Bike Market 2021-2028 - Research and Markets" 3989:"Comparative environmental impacts of electric bikes in China" 2437: 1740:

that it had never experienced an issue with a single battery.

7868: 7476: 7113: 7108: 4501:"China Remains World's Leading Electric Bicycle Manufacturer" 3223:"What's driving the battery fires with e-bikes and scooters?" 2725:"Introduction to electric bikes: Everything you need to know" 2357: 2332: 2263: 1778: 1697:

or American Vintage Electric Bikes, have the option of using

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The most influential definition of pedelecs comes from the

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By 1898, a rear-wheel drive electric bicycle, which used a

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Philips, Ian; Watling, David; Timms, Paul (28 May 2018).

3993:

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

3173:"The Fastest Electric Bike | Vintage Electric Bikes" 2590:

Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

3825:"Pedego Electric Bike Makes Exercise Look and Feel Easy" 3242:"Everything you need to know about e-bike battery fires" 3099:"E-bike sales thrives, amidst market slowdown in Europe" 1826:. They are the cheapest electric cycles and used by the 4634:"Electric bicycles – market research and investigation" 4129:

Philips, Ian; Anable, Jillian; Chatterton, Tim (2022).

4128: 2806:"Cheap and green, electric bikes are the rage in China" 2206:

and Geoby. Production is concentrated in five regions,

1508:

Some e-bikes have an electric motor that operates on a

4466:"E-Bikes Rule China's Urban Streets: Hyperdrive Daily" 4033: 3628:

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

2444:

Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives

1491:

requiring a registration plate and a licensed driver.

1041:, alongside e-cargo bikes, are commonly classified as 4848: 4378:. Vol. 91, no. 6. American Chemical Society 3476:"Enter The Rapid Development Fat Tire E-bike In 2022" 2960:"Electric Bike Classes: Class 1 Vs 2 Vs 3 Comparison" 2882:"E-bikes: What is the law and is there an age limit?" 2391:. Association of Cycle Traders. Accessed May 1, 2022. 4671: 4566:"E-bike Market Size, Share, and Trends 2024 to 2034" 3986: 1575:

Electric bike with motor mounted in the front wheel.

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is a term used by the Ministry of Transportation of

1524:

ride by pedal power alone, i.e. fully human-powered.

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Therefore, very broadly, e-bikes can be classed as:

1000:-style functionality. Both retain the ability to be 4168:

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

4161: 3424:

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

2013:, makes them very good candidates for charging via 1494: 108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6379:List of bicycle brands and manufacturing companies 4679: 4213: 3371:"Tron-inspired electric bike wheel chucks the hub" 3097: 1709:. Some experiments have also been undertaken with 1385:E-bikes with pedal-assist only are usually called 4602: 4600: 3874:Haustein, Sonja; Møller, Mette (September 2016). 3029: 3027: 2481:"The Electric Bicycle: Worldwide Research Trends" 2323:List of electric bicycle brands and manufacturers 2282:in wartime, particularly by the Japanese forces. 1349:(0.34 hp), often legally classed as bicycles 1111:bicycle with an electrically powered motor, 1935. 1019:) are legally classified as bicycles rather than 8025: 4681:"Have E-Bikes Made New York City a 'Nightmare'?" 4577: 4575: 4441:"China's electric-bicycle boom – Pedals of fire" 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 3532:"EBCO introduces Solex electric bikes to the UK" 3162:"; Electric Bicycle Guide (retrieved 2014-03-09) 3002: 2828:"China's Cyclists Take Charge", By Peter Fairley 6257:Bicycle transportation planning and engineering 4608:"In Holland One out of Eight Bikes Is Electric" 4372:"Assessing The Safety Of Lithium-Ion Batteries" 4214:Phelps, Ian; Anable, Jillian; Chatterton, Tim. 4209: 4207: 2062:6 times more energy efficient than rail transit 1582:are commonly used in electric bicycles, either 1172:From 1992, Vector Services Limited offered the 4597: 3953: 3873: 3062:"Europe's E-Bike Imports Indicate Market Size" 3024: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2745:. Zike Bike Spares & Sales. Archived from 1781:"moped-style", and is often mistaken for one. 1542:for e-bikes which are not fitted with pedals. 7815: 7417: 6448: 5888: 5557: 4924: 4910: 4658: 4572: 4426: 4216:"e-bike carbon savings – how much and where?" 4093: 2523: 1015:Depending on local laws, many e-bikes (e.g., 996:) and bikes that add a throttle, integrating 949: 4401: 4204: 3037:, Electricbikereport.com, September 19, 2016 2867:"Characteristics of Pedelecs and S-Pedelecs" 2047:International Mountain Bicycling Association 1606:the motor sits in the front hub, and with a 6462: 5344:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle 4627: 4625: 4412:Technological Forecasting and Social Change 4397: 4395: 4393: 4351:. Portable Rechargeable Battery Association 3054: 2794: 2059:13 times more energy efficient than a sedan 71:Learn how and when to remove these messages 7822: 7808: 7424: 7410: 7381:Bicycle- and human-powered vehicle museums 6455: 6441: 5895: 5881: 5564: 5550: 4917: 4903: 4631: 4583:"Netherlands bicycle capital of the world" 4087: 3035:"The State of the Electric Bicycle Market" 2998: 2996: 2994: 2823: 2821: 2719: 2717: 2056:18 times more energy efficient than an SUV 1530:ride using both together at the same time. 1443:25 km/h (16 mph) is reached, and 1293:one. Definitions of these are as follows: 956: 942: 317: 4294:Overvolted Electric Bike News and Reviews 4187: 4146: 4102:(1). Taylor & Francis Online: 72–91. 4070: 4060: 3971: 3853:"Exercise – Rehabilitation – NHS Choices" 3792: 3657: 3647: 3443: 2601: 2568: 2508: 2498: 2463: 1566: 288:Learn how and when to remove this message 270:Learn how and when to remove this message 168:Learn how and when to remove this message 27:Bicycle with an integrated electric motor 6399:List of films about bicycles and cycling 4806: 4632:Hendriksen, Ingrid; et al. (2008). 4622: 4524: 4522: 4390: 3729:"Woman's Dramatic 280-pound Weight Loss" 3694: 3563:by Amanda Kooser, May 18, 2011, cnet.com 3399:. Electric Bike Report. 1 September 2010 3220: 2781: 2080: 1961: 1957: 1920: 1830:, for urban use and to be combined with 1656: 1570: 1549: 1102: 4677: 4503:. EV World. 28 May 2005. Archived from 4349:"Lithium Battery Transport Information" 4287: 3323: 2991: 2818: 2714: 2400: 1503: 14: 8026: 4369: 4318: 4288:Newland, Cameron (24 September 2015). 3621: 3615: 3529: 3417: 3239: 2879: 2128:Delivery e-bike with license plate in 1948: 451:List of low-energy building techniques 206:Please improve this article by adding 7803: 7431: 7405: 6436: 5876: 5571: 5545: 4898: 4780: 4519: 4460: 4458: 4328:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 4239: 3954:Ramadhan, Ali; Dinata, Rizky (2021). 3927: 3345:"Electric bikes start to come of age" 3342: 3326:"Cytronex Trek FX: A bike with boost" 3292: 2550: 2353:Timeline of transportation technology 1166:connected through a series of gears. 3755: 3749: 3003:J. David Goodman (31 January 2010). 2782:Tergesen, Anne (21 September 1997). 2032:electric power-assisted bicycles or 2006:affected by rising transport costs. 1763: 1380: 1062: 179: 106:adding citations to reliable sources 77: 36: 4585:. Dutch Daily News. 26 January 2010 3347:. Future Publishing. Archived from 3324:Henshaw, Peter (5 September 2008). 1004:by the rider and are therefore not 24: 4659:David Goodman, J. (2 March 2012). 4455: 4370:Jacoby, Mitch (11 February 2013). 3258: 3005:"An Electric Boost for Bicyclists" 1643:continuously variable transmission 982:electrically power assisted cycles 978:electrically assisted pedal cycles 25: 8075: 7829: 6384:List of BMX bicycle manufacturers 5981:History of cycling infrastructure 5617:Electric motorcycles and scooters 5151:Electric motorcycles and scooters 4830: 3880:Journal of Transport & Health 3343:Peace, Richard (26 August 2008). 3221:Sullivan, Becky (11 March 2023). 3110:from the original on 26 June 2023 2269: 2166:governments' efforts to restrict 1916: 1370:E-bikes with power-on-demand only 1331:(legally classed as bicycles) or 1279: 1098: 52:This article has multiple issues. 32:Electric motorcycles and scooters 6417: 6416: 5636: 5630: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4836: 4568:. Precedence Research. May 2024. 3259:Hu, Winnie (15 September 2023). 3240:Bellan, Rebecca (11 July 2023). 2974:"Moments: Did you already know?" 2617: 2274:Ukraine is using e-bikes in the 2245: 2140: 2121: 2099: 2087: 2071:lithium iron phosphate batteries 1904: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1854: 1495:Power-on-demand and pedal-assist 1254: 1238: 1226: 1214: 1066: 922: 909: 908: 386:Energy efficiency implementation 184: 82: 41: 6404:List of doping cases in cycling 6389:List of bicycle-sharing systems 5663:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 5198:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 4800: 4774: 4749: 4724: 4718: 4652: 4558: 4493: 4484: 4376:Chemical & Engineering News 4363: 4341: 4312: 4281: 4259: 4233: 4155: 4122: 4062:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2021.102224 4027: 3980: 3973:10.1088/1757-899X/1122/1/012054 3947: 3934:Singletracks Mountain Bike News 3928:Gerow, Brian (10 August 2020). 3921: 3867: 3845: 3817: 3721: 3688: 3676:. MensFitness.com. 19 July 2013 3674:"Why You Need an Electric Bike" 3666: 3597: 3566: 3554: 3530:Sutton, Mark (6 January 2012). 3523: 3493: 3468: 3418:Thomas, Alainna (1 July 2022). 3411: 3389: 3363: 3336: 3328:. The Telegraph. Archived from 3317: 3286: 3252: 3233: 3214: 3205: 3179: 3165: 3152: 3122: 3090: 3072: 3040: 2966: 2952: 2926: 2892: 2873: 2859: 2837: 2775: 2761: 2735: 2693: 2672: 1221:Electric bicycle by Antec, 1991 642:Ocean thermal energy conversion 93:needs additional citations for 60:or discuss these issues on the 5080:Battery electric multiple unit 4807:Mizokami, Kyle (19 May 2022). 4781:Gault, Matthew (24 May 2022). 4678:Stewart, Dodai (27 May 2024). 4636:. Fiets Beraad. Archived from 4319:Shreya, Dave (February 2010). 3695:Langford, Brian Casey (2017). 3507:. 20 July 2020. Archived from 3130:"Electric bike trip simulator" 2847:. Yanko Design. 29 August 2014 2651: 2630: 2577: 2544: 2517: 2472: 2431: 2425:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.114323 2394: 2382: 2232: 1997:A 2020 study focussing on the 1448:maximum continuous rated power 1325:E-bikes with pedal-assist only 1312:, the motor is activated by a 13: 1: 5181:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle 4843:Electrically powered bicycles 4415:(77): 831–834. Archived from 4189:10.1080/15568318.2017.1368748 4148:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.11.019 4108:10.1080/01441647.2015.1069907 3480:Electric Bike Blog - Addmotor 3445:10.1080/15568318.2021.1914787 3293:Secon, Holly (9 March 2024). 2701:"Electric drive for bicycles" 2570:10.1080/17450101.2021.1897236 2538:10.1080/01441647.2015.1069907 2375: 1788:a purposeful mobility aid or 1717:solar vehicle race came with 1545: 1469: 471:Passive solar building design 208:secondary or tertiary sources 5470:Who Killed the Electric Car? 5266:Common ethanol fuel mixtures 4661:"Food deliverymen on wheels" 4610:. Bike Europe. 18 April 2010 4443:. The Economist. 13 May 2010 4240:Eaton, Kit (16 March 2010). 3785:10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.023 3501:"Electric Bike Sizing Guide" 2880:Seddon, Sean (9 June 2023). 1837: 1812:e-bikes are also available. 1652: 1361:E-bikes with power-on-demand 1164:fractional horsepower motors 1120:mounted in the rear wheel" ( 7: 8064:Vehicles introduced in 1897 5902: 5484:Revenge of the Electric Car 5075:Battery-electric locomotive 4725:ltd, Research and Markets. 4530:"China switches to e-bikes" 4041:Global Environmental Change 3397:"Electric Cargo Bike Guide" 2303:Electric vehicle conversion 2285: 1392: 1262:Brushless DC electric motor 1162:). Wood's device used four 929:Renewable energy portal 647:Renewable energy transition 10: 8080: 7975:Unmotorized without pedals 6098:Sports-related cycling and 5673:Fuel cell electric vehicle 4731:www.researchandmarkets.com 4710:: CS1 maint: url-status ( 3649:10.1016/j.trip.2019.100017 2465:10.1016/j.trip.2021.100347 1841: 1396: 1335:(often legally classed as 1272: 1245:nCycle (2014) designed by 1204: 1058: 29: 7974: 7923: 7837: 7779:Personal public transport 7766: 7716: 7660: 7582: 7527: 7439: 7358: 7306: 7247: 7240: 7207: 7191: 7161: 7138: 7101: 7092: 7042: 7011: 6990: 6909: 6893: 6857: 6794: 6778: 6742: 6479: 6470: 6412: 6366: 6330: 6242:Bicycle poverty reduction 6212: 6097: 6009: 5938: 5910: 5861: 5801: 5781: 5745: 5719: 5712: 5681: 5645: 5628: 5579: 5493: 5477:What Is the Electric Car? 5461: 5388: 5352: 5324:Hydrogen-powered aircraft 5304: 5228: 5060: 5030: 4973: 4950: 4932: 4926:Alternative fuel vehicles 4550:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4013:10.1016/j.trd.2008.11.003 3900:10.1016/j.jth.2016.07.001 3855:. Nhs.uk. 25 January 2010 3765:Environment International 2900:"Power assisted bicycles" 2603:10.1016/j.trd.2024.104275 2368:Personal electric vehicle 1982:and of manufacturing and 491:Sustainable refurbishment 7693:Peer-to-peer ridesharing 7366:Animal-powered transport 6277:Bike Week (Bicycle Week) 5668:Battery electric vehicle 5658:Plug-in electric vehicle 5186:Plug-in electric vehicle 5166:Gyro flywheel locomotive 5144:Battery electric vehicle 2257: 2160: 1820:self-balancing unicycles 1446:when the motor produces 1264:(BLDC) bicycle hub motor 476:Sustainable architecture 431:Glass in green buildings 421:Environmental technology 351:Compact fluorescent lamp 7924:Unmotorized with pedals 7528:Non-motorized vehicular 7241:Non-vehicular transport 6464:Human-powered transport 5653:Hybrid electric vehicle 5406:Hybrid electric vehicle 5370:Liquid nitrogen vehicle 5365:Hybrid electric vehicle 5171:Hybrid electric vehicle 5134:Electric platform truck 2551:Rérat, Patrick (2021). 2113:bicycle hire scheme in 1972:zero-emissions vehicles 1760:safety certifications. 1520:e-bikes the rider can: 1193:American car executive 797:Human-powered transport 501:Tropical green building 436:Green building and wood 7789:Personal rapid transit 7632:Personal rapid transit 7391:Zero-emissions vehicle 6312:Protected intersection 6292:Cycling infrastructure 6034:Bicycle-sharing system 5976:History of the bicycle 5531:Zero-emissions vehicle 5047:Compressed-air vehicle 4988:Solar-powered aircraft 3575:"Powered transporters" 3160:Electric Bicycle Range 2034:Cloverdale, California 1976:electricity generation 1967: 1926: 1671:rechargeable batteries 1666: 1576: 1567:Motors and drivetrains 1555: 1112: 1010:rechargeable batteries 893:Personal rapid transit 635:Tidal stream generator 496:Thermal energy storage 416:Environmental planning 195:relies excessively on 6374:List of bicycle types 6358:Sustainable transport 6117:Cross-country cycling 6100:fast-paced recreation 5939:General and technical 5768:EE/FF (CCS Combo 1/2) 5401:Flexible-fuel vehicle 5329:Hydrogen-powered ship 5281:Flexible-fuel vehicle 5156:Electric kick scooter 4402:Chi-Jen Yang (2010). 3227:National Public Radio 2081:Experience by country 2026:Little Rock, Arkansas 1965: 1958:Environmental effects 1924: 1738:went on record to say 1660: 1574: 1553: 1159:U.S. patent 3,431,994 1106: 1029:electric bicycle laws 737:Sustainable transport 682:Floating wind turbine 511:Zero heating building 426:Fossil fuel phase-out 7514:Private railroad car 7509:Motorized wheelchair 7482:Scooter (motorcycle) 5526:Wind-powered vehicle 5110:Battery electric bus 4845:at Wikimedia Commons 4300:on 25 September 2015 2845:"The nCycle is Here" 2638:"Electrical bicycle" 2075:lithium cobalt oxide 1699:regenerative braking 1683:nickel–metal hydride 1518:power-on-demand only 1504:Power-on-demand only 1006:electric motorcycles 871:Personal transporter 766:Wind-powered vehicle 610:Marine current power 516:Zero-energy building 376:Efficient energy use 102:improve this article 7860:Electric skateboard 7688:Flexible carpooling 7642:Ridesharing company 7569:Horse-drawn vehicle 7519:Private spaceflight 7462:Electric skateboard 7440:Motorized vehicular 7329:Alpine touring skis 7139:Hand and foot power 6729:Cold-weather biking 6669:Small-wheel bicycle 6577:Glossary of cycling 6542:Cyclo-cross bicycle 6527:Cold-weather biking 6184:Road bicycle racing 6054:Cold-weather biking 6029:Bicycle rental/hire 5966:Bicycle performance 5612:Electric locomotive 5375:Natural gas vehicle 4761:Mordor Intelligence 4180:2018IJSTr..12..324P 4053:2021GEC....6702224B 4005:2009TRPD...14..281C 3892:2016JTHea...3..386H 3777:2018EnInt.119..109D 3640:2019TrRIP...100017C 3611:. 20 November 2013. 3436:2022IJSTr..16..637T 3134:Electric bike range 2456:2021TrRIP..1000347S 2417:2020ApEn..26014323H 2019:photovoltaic panels 1984:recycling batteries 1949:Road traffic safety 1828:last mile commuters 1687:lithium-ion polymer 1598:or friction drive. 1153:U.S. patent 627,066 1132:U.S. patent 596,272 1123:U.S. patent 552,271 988:with an integrated 558:Carbon-neutral fuel 486:Sustainable habitat 341:Building insulation 329:Energy conservation 305:Part of a series on 8054:Motorized bicycles 7334:Cross-country skis 6998:Litter/sedan chair 6562:Flat bar road bike 6338:Bicycle collecting 6213:Health, safety and 5699:Tesla Supercharger 5042:Compressed-air car 5008:List of prototypes 4687:The New York Times 4665:The New York Times 4640:on 5 December 2008 4269:. Articlesbase.com 3709:on 5 February 2018 3622:Castro, A (2019). 3542:on 22 January 2012 3332:on 6 October 2008. 3265:The New York Times 3086:. 18 January 2019. 3010:The New York Times 2788:The New York Times 2659:"Electric bicycle" 2500:10.3390/en11071894 2389:"Guide to e-bikes" 2343:Outline of cycling 2276:war against Russia 2147:Police e-bikes in 1980:power distribution 1968: 1927: 1667: 1577: 1556: 1419:ycle) refers to a 1113: 1078:. You can help by 573:Geothermal heating 401:Energy saving lamp 311:Sustainable energy 219:"Electric bicycle" 117:"Electric bicycle" 8044:Electric vehicles 8034:Electric bicycles 8021: 8020: 7875:Electric unicycle 7797: 7796: 7584:Vehicles for hire 7433:Private transport 7399: 7398: 7354: 7353: 7187: 7186: 7088: 7087: 6770:Motorized scooter 6765:Motorized bicycle 6644:Recumbent bicycle 6587:Motorized bicycle 6430: 6429: 6322:Vehicular cycling 6089:Vehicular cycling 6024:Bicycle messenger 6019:Bicycle commuting 5870: 5869: 5857: 5856: 5797: 5796: 5732:Type 2 (Mennekes) 5587:Electric aircraft 5573:Electric vehicles 5539: 5538: 5448:Electric aircraft 5314:Fuel cell vehicle 5161:Fuel cell vehicle 5085:Electric aircraft 5017:Electric aircraft 4942:Fuel cell vehicle 4841:Media related to 4813:Popular Mechanics 4422:on 31 March 2010. 4096:Transport Reviews 3737:. 3 December 2014 3561:Electric Unicycle 3351:on 4 October 2008 3106:. 28 April 2023. 2940:on 23 August 2012 2526:Transport Reviews 2328:Low-speed vehicle 2298:Electric unicycle 1898:Electric unicycle 1790:mode of transport 1764:Design variations 1722:charging stations 1460:state of Victoria 1381:Pedal-assist only 1247:Hussain Almossawi 1143:Lafree e-bikes.) 1096: 1095: 986:motorized bicycle 966: 965: 563:Geothermal energy 298: 297: 290: 280: 279: 272: 254: 178: 177: 170: 152: 75: 16:(Redirected from 8071: 7895:Mobility scooter 7850:Electric scooter 7845:Electric bicycle 7824: 7817: 7810: 7801: 7800: 7774:Public transport 7668:Shared transport 7617:Hackney carriage 7487:Mobility scooter 7457:Electric bicycle 7426: 7419: 7412: 7403: 7402: 7245: 7244: 7199:Amphibious cycle 7154:(sliding rigger) 7099: 7098: 6880:Invalid carriage 6795:Other foot power 6753:Electric bicycle 6477: 6476: 6457: 6450: 6443: 6434: 6433: 6420: 6419: 6394:List of cyclists 6287:Cycling advocacy 6272:Bike-to-Work Day 6227:Bicycle-friendly 6107:Artistic cycling 6049:Challenge riding 6010:Utility and slow 5971:Electric bicycle 5961:Bicycle geometry 5956:Bicycle dynamics 5897: 5890: 5883: 5874: 5873: 5717: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5689:Charging station 5640: 5634: 5602:Electric bicycle 5566: 5559: 5552: 5543: 5542: 5339:Hydrogen vehicle 5319:Hydrogen economy 5286:Methanol economy 5139:Electric vehicle 5090:Electric bicycle 5062:Electric battery 4960:Electric bicycle 4919: 4912: 4905: 4896: 4895: 4887: 4886: 4885: 4875: 4874: 4863: 4862: 4861: 4854: 4840: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4804: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4793: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4737:on 26 April 2022 4733:. Archived from 4722: 4716: 4715: 4709: 4701: 4696: 4694: 4683: 4675: 4669: 4668: 4656: 4650: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4629: 4620: 4619: 4617: 4615: 4604: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4590: 4579: 4570: 4569: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4549: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4526: 4517: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4482: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4462: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4448: 4437: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4408: 4399: 4388: 4387: 4385: 4383: 4367: 4361: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4337:on 15 July 2011. 4336: 4330:. Archived from 4325: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4296:. Archived from 4285: 4279: 4278: 4276: 4274: 4263: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4252: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4226: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4191: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4135:Transport Policy 4126: 4120: 4119: 4091: 4085: 4084: 4074: 4064: 4031: 4025: 4024: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3860: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3796: 3771:(119): 109–116. 3762: 3756:Dons, E (2018). 3753: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3725: 3719: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3708: 3702:. Archived from 3701: 3692: 3686: 3685: 3683: 3681: 3670: 3664: 3663: 3661: 3651: 3619: 3613: 3612: 3609:ITV Central News 3601: 3595: 3594: 3588: 3586: 3581:. United Kingdom 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3538:. Archived from 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3497: 3491: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3447: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3393: 3387: 3386: 3384: 3382: 3367: 3361: 3360: 3358: 3356: 3340: 3334: 3333: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3305:on 10 April 2024 3301:. Archived from 3290: 3284: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3237: 3231: 3230: 3218: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3193:on 22 March 2010 3189:. Archived from 3187:"BionX FAQ Page" 3183: 3177: 3176: 3169: 3163: 3156: 3150: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3136:. Archived from 3126: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3101: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3068:. 5 August 2013. 3058: 3052: 3051: 3044: 3038: 3031: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3000: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2970: 2964: 2963: 2956: 2950: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2930: 2924: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2914:on 28 March 2013 2910:. Archived from 2904:VicRoads website 2896: 2890: 2889: 2877: 2871: 2870: 2869:. November 2012. 2863: 2857: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2841: 2835: 2825: 2816: 2803: 2792: 2791: 2779: 2773: 2772: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2749:on 24 April 2009 2743:"Electric Bikes" 2739: 2733: 2732: 2731:. 18 April 2017. 2721: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2676: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2644: 2634: 2628: 2621: 2615: 2605: 2581: 2575: 2574: 2572: 2548: 2542: 2541: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2502: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2435: 2429: 2428: 2398: 2392: 2386: 2363:Electric scooter 2348:Renewable energy 2280:bicycle infantry 2144: 2125: 2103: 2091: 1908: 1894: 1882: 1873:A folding e-bike 1870: 1858: 1832:public transport 1711:super capacitors 1675:sealed lead–acid 1663:charging station 1627:rotational speed 1480:Schnell-Pedelecs 1258: 1249:and Marin Myftiu 1242: 1230: 1218: 1161: 1155: 1134: 1125: 1091: 1088: 1070: 1063: 1053:public transport 1048:active transport 970:electric bicycle 958: 951: 944: 931: 927: 926: 917: 912: 911: 749:Electric vehicle 598:Run-of-the-river 583:Hydroelectricity 568:Geothermal power 529:Renewable energy 481:Sustainable city 456:Low-energy house 396:Energy recycling 321: 302: 301: 293: 286: 275: 268: 264: 261: 255: 253: 212: 188: 180: 173: 166: 162: 159: 153: 151: 110: 86: 78: 67: 45: 44: 37: 21: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8017: 7970: 7919: 7833: 7828: 7798: 7793: 7762: 7712: 7708:Bicycle-sharing 7656: 7637:Pulled rickshaw 7622:Motorcycle taxi 7578: 7574:Hot air balloon 7523: 7435: 7430: 7400: 7395: 7350: 7302: 7236: 7203: 7183: 7157: 7134: 7084: 7075:Summer toboggan 7038: 7012:Weight shifting 7007: 7003:Scoop stretcher 6986: 6947:Pulled rickshaw 6937:Flatbed trolley 6905: 6889: 6853: 6790: 6786:Treadle bicycle 6774: 6738: 6704:Utility bicycle 6679:Touring bicycle 6629:Porteur bicycle 6597:Mountain biking 6567:Folding bicycle 6532:Cruiser bicycle 6502:Bicycle trailer 6466: 6461: 6431: 6426: 6408: 6362: 6326: 6237:Bicycle parking 6222:Active mobility 6214: 6208: 6204:Unicycle trials 6199:Unicycle hockey 6162:Mountain biking 6099: 6093: 6084:Utility cycling 6079:Utility bicycle 6039:Bicycle touring 6011: 6005: 5951:Bicycle culture 5934: 5906: 5901: 5871: 5866: 5853: 5793: 5777: 5741: 5708: 5704:Vehicle-to-grid 5677: 5641: 5635: 5626: 5575: 5570: 5540: 5535: 5516:Wave power ship 5506:Ram air turbine 5489: 5457: 5396:Bi-fuel vehicle 5384: 5348: 5300: 5224: 5064: 5056: 5033: 5032:Compressed-air 5026: 4969: 4946: 4928: 4923: 4893: 4883: 4881: 4869: 4859: 4857: 4849: 4833: 4828: 4827: 4817: 4815: 4805: 4801: 4791: 4789: 4779: 4775: 4765: 4763: 4755: 4754: 4750: 4740: 4738: 4723: 4719: 4703: 4702: 4692: 4690: 4676: 4672: 4657: 4653: 4643: 4641: 4630: 4623: 4613: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4581: 4580: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4543: 4542: 4535: 4533: 4528: 4527: 4520: 4510: 4508: 4507:on 14 June 2010 4499: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4485: 4475: 4473: 4464: 4463: 4456: 4446: 4444: 4439: 4438: 4427: 4419: 4406: 4400: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4368: 4364: 4354: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4342: 4334: 4323: 4317: 4313: 4303: 4301: 4286: 4282: 4272: 4270: 4265: 4264: 4260: 4250: 4248: 4238: 4234: 4224: 4222: 4212: 4205: 4160: 4156: 4127: 4123: 4092: 4088: 4032: 4028: 3985: 3981: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3872: 3868: 3858: 3856: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3833:. 11 April 2015 3823: 3822: 3818: 3760: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3727: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3672: 3671: 3667: 3620: 3616: 3603: 3602: 3598: 3584: 3582: 3571: 3567: 3559: 3555: 3545: 3543: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3499: 3498: 3494: 3484: 3482: 3474: 3473: 3469: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3400: 3395: 3394: 3390: 3380: 3378: 3369: 3368: 3364: 3354: 3352: 3341: 3337: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3291: 3287: 3277: 3275: 3257: 3253: 3238: 3234: 3219: 3215: 3210: 3206: 3196: 3194: 3185: 3184: 3180: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3157: 3153: 3143: 3141: 3128: 3127: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3096: 3095: 3091: 3078: 3077: 3073: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3033:Black, Forbes. 3032: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3001: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2978:stromerbike.com 2972: 2971: 2967: 2962:. 1 March 2024. 2958: 2957: 2953: 2943: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2878: 2874: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2826: 2819: 2804: 2795: 2780: 2776: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2723: 2722: 2715: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2677: 2673: 2663: 2661: 2657: 2656: 2652: 2642: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2631: 2582: 2578: 2549: 2545: 2522: 2518: 2477: 2473: 2436: 2432: 2399: 2395: 2387: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2288: 2272: 2260: 2248: 2235: 2163: 2156: 2145: 2136: 2126: 2117: 2104: 2095: 2092: 2083: 2073:are safer than 1993: 1960: 1951: 1936: 1919: 1912: 1909: 1900: 1895: 1886: 1883: 1874: 1871: 1862: 1859: 1846: 1840: 1815: 1766: 1655: 1619:Freewheel crank 1569: 1548: 1510:power-on-demand 1506: 1497: 1472: 1462:in Australia). 1401: 1395: 1383: 1310:power-on-demand 1291:power-on-demand 1289:system or by a 1275: 1270: 1269: 1268: 1265: 1259: 1250: 1243: 1234: 1231: 1222: 1219: 1207: 1201:(12 mph). 1157: 1151: 1130: 1121: 1101: 1092: 1086: 1083: 1076:needs expansion 1061: 1037:, e-bikes, and 962: 921: 920: 907: 900: 899: 739: 729: 728: 531: 521: 520: 506:Waste-to-energy 461:Microgeneration 391:Energy recovery 331: 294: 283: 282: 281: 276: 265: 259: 256: 213: 211: 205: 201:primary sources 189: 174: 163: 157: 154: 111: 109: 99: 87: 46: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8077: 8067: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8046: 8041: 8036: 8019: 8018: 8016: 8015: 8010: 8009:(Roller buggy) 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7978: 7976: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7865:Electric trike 7862: 7857: 7847: 7841: 7839: 7835: 7834: 7827: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7804: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7791: 7786: 7781: 7776: 7770: 7768: 7764: 7763: 7761: 7760: 7759: 7758: 7756:Stair Climbing 7748: 7743: 7742: 7741: 7739:Stair Climbing 7731: 7726: 7720: 7718: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7664: 7662: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7634: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7607:Cycle rickshaw 7604: 7599: 7594: 7588: 7586: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7531: 7529: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7490: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7443: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7429: 7428: 7421: 7414: 7406: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7368: 7362: 7360: 7359:Related topics 7356: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7348: 7343: 7342: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7321: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7298: 7296:Stair climbing 7288: 7287: 7286: 7284:Stair climbing 7276: 7275: 7274: 7267:Roller skating 7264: 7263: 7262: 7255:Inline skating 7251: 7249: 7242: 7238: 7237: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7224: 7223: 7222: 7211: 7209: 7205: 7204: 7202: 7201: 7195: 7193: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7165: 7163: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7155: 7149: 7148:(sliding seat) 7142: 7140: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7132: 7127: 7121: 7119:Paddleboarding 7116: 7111: 7105: 7103: 7096: 7090: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7082: 7080:Gravity biking 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7046: 7044: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7009: 7008: 7006: 7005: 7000: 6994: 6992: 6988: 6987: 6985: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6957:Shopping caddy 6954: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6917:Baby transport 6913: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6861: 6859: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6851: 6846: 6841: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6820: 6819: 6809: 6804: 6798: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6782: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6761: 6760: 6749: 6747: 6744:Electric motor 6740: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6674:Tandem bicycle 6671: 6666: 6661: 6659:Safety bicycle 6656: 6651: 6646: 6641: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6624:Penny-farthing 6621: 6616: 6615: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6589: 6584: 6582:Hybrid bicycle 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6537:Cycle rickshaw 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6489: 6483: 6481: 6474: 6468: 6467: 6460: 6459: 6452: 6445: 6437: 6428: 6427: 6425: 6424: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6407: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6327: 6325: 6324: 6319: 6317:Tegelijk groen 6314: 6309: 6307:Lane splitting 6304: 6299: 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6259: 6254: 6252:Bicycle safety 6249: 6244: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6218: 6216: 6215:infrastructure 6210: 6209: 6207: 6206: 6201: 6196: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6175: 6174: 6169: 6159: 6157:Gravel cycling 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6122:Cycle speedway 6119: 6114: 6109: 6103: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6092: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6059:Indoor cycling 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6015: 6013: 6007: 6006: 6004: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5991:Tandem bicycle 5988: 5983: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5942: 5940: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5917: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5900: 5899: 5892: 5885: 5877: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5859: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5841: 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5816: 5811: 5805: 5803: 5799: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5785: 5783: 5779: 5778: 5776: 5775: 5770: 5765: 5760: 5755: 5749: 5747: 5743: 5742: 5740: 5739: 5737:Type 3 (Scame) 5734: 5729: 5723: 5721: 5714: 5707: 5706: 5701: 5696: 5685: 5683: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675: 5670: 5665: 5660: 5655: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5624: 5622:Electric truck 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5583: 5581: 5577: 5576: 5569: 5568: 5561: 5554: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5497: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5488: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5465: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5428: 5426:Plug-in hybrid 5423: 5418: 5416:Hybrid vehicle 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5392: 5390: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5349: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5334:Hydrogen train 5331: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5310: 5308: 5302: 5301: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5237: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5223: 5222: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5193: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5147: 5146: 5136: 5131: 5129:Electric truck 5126: 5125: 5124: 5114: 5113: 5112: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5071: 5069: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5038: 5036: 5028: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5013: 5012: 5011: 5010: 5000: 4995: 4990: 4979: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4967: 4962: 4956: 4954: 4948: 4947: 4945: 4944: 4938: 4936: 4930: 4929: 4922: 4921: 4914: 4907: 4899: 4892: 4891: 4879: 4867: 4847: 4846: 4832: 4831:External links 4829: 4826: 4825: 4799: 4773: 4748: 4717: 4670: 4651: 4621: 4596: 4571: 4557: 4518: 4492: 4483: 4472:. 5 April 2021 4454: 4425: 4389: 4362: 4340: 4311: 4280: 4258: 4232: 4203: 4174:(5): 324–340. 4154: 4121: 4086: 4026: 3999:(5): 281–290. 3979: 3946: 3920: 3886:(3): 386–394. 3866: 3844: 3816: 3748: 3720: 3687: 3665: 3614: 3596: 3565: 3553: 3522: 3511:on 2 June 2021 3492: 3467: 3430:(7): 637–646. 3410: 3388: 3375:www.gizmag.com 3362: 3335: 3316: 3285: 3251: 3232: 3213: 3204: 3178: 3164: 3151: 3140:on 27 May 2013 3121: 3089: 3071: 3053: 3050:. 7 July 2022. 3039: 3023: 2990: 2965: 2951: 2925: 2891: 2872: 2858: 2836: 2817: 2811:2013-01-12 at 2793: 2774: 2760: 2734: 2713: 2692: 2671: 2650: 2629: 2576: 2563:(3): 423–439. 2543: 2516: 2471: 2430: 2404:Applied Energy 2393: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2371: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2289: 2287: 2284: 2271: 2270:Use in warfare 2268: 2259: 2256: 2247: 2244: 2234: 2231: 2162: 2159: 2158: 2157: 2146: 2139: 2137: 2127: 2120: 2118: 2105: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2086: 2082: 2079: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 1991: 1959: 1956: 1950: 1947: 1934: 1918: 1917:Health effects 1915: 1914: 1913: 1910: 1903: 1901: 1896: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1853: 1839: 1836: 1765: 1762: 1679:nickel–cadmium 1654: 1651: 1615:bottom bracket 1568: 1565: 1547: 1544: 1532: 1531: 1528: 1525: 1505: 1502: 1496: 1493: 1471: 1468: 1452: 1451: 1444: 1440: 1439: 1397:Main article: 1394: 1391: 1382: 1379: 1378: 1377: 1367: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1350: 1318: 1317: 1306: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1266: 1260: 1253: 1251: 1244: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1213: 1210: 1209: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1184:power controls 1180:Torque sensors 1100: 1099:1890s to 1980s 1097: 1094: 1093: 1073: 1071: 1060: 1057: 1043:micro-mobility 1008:. E-bikes use 990:electric motor 964: 963: 961: 960: 953: 946: 938: 935: 934: 933: 932: 918: 902: 901: 898: 897: 896: 895: 885: 884: 883: 876:Rail transport 873: 868: 867: 866: 861: 856: 851: 849:Roller skating 846: 845: 844: 839: 834: 829: 824: 822:Cycle rickshaw 819: 809: 804: 794: 793: 792: 787: 786: 785: 778:Human-electric 773:Hybrid vehicle 770: 769: 768: 763: 758: 757: 756: 740: 735: 734: 731: 730: 727: 726: 725: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 699: 694: 689: 684: 679: 674: 664: 659: 654: 652:Renewable heat 649: 644: 639: 638: 637: 632: 627: 617: 612: 607: 606: 605: 600: 595: 590: 585: 575: 570: 565: 560: 555: 550: 545: 544: 543: 532: 527: 526: 523: 522: 519: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 493: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 463: 458: 453: 448: 443: 441:Green building 438: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 411:Energy storage 408: 403: 398: 393: 388: 383: 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 348: 343: 338: 332: 327: 326: 323: 322: 314: 313: 307: 306: 296: 295: 278: 277: 192: 190: 183: 176: 175: 90: 88: 81: 76: 50: 49: 47: 40: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8076: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8049:Micromobility 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8031: 8029: 8014: 8011: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7997:Roller skates 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7936: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7922: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7870: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7840: 7836: 7832: 7831:Micromobility 7825: 7820: 7818: 7813: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7802: 7790: 7787: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7765: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7729:Inline skates 7727: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717:Non vehicular 7715: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7659: 7653: 7650: 7648: 7645: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7597:Auto rickshaw 7595: 7593: 7590: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7549:Roller skates 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7536: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7526: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7463: 7460: 7458: 7455: 7453: 7450: 7448: 7445: 7444: 7442: 7438: 7434: 7427: 7422: 7420: 7415: 7413: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7347: 7344: 7340: 7339:Telemark skis 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7326: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7297: 7294: 7293: 7292: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7268: 7265: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7256: 7253: 7252: 7250: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7221: 7218: 7217: 7216: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7166: 7164: 7160: 7153: 7150: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7137: 7131: 7128: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7097: 7095: 7091: 7081: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7071: 7068: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7050:Gravity racer 7048: 7047: 7045: 7041: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7010: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6995: 6993: 6989: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6952:Shopping cart 6950: 6948: 6945: 6943: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910:Pushed/pulled 6908: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6892: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6862: 6860: 6856: 6850: 6847: 6845: 6842: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6818: 6815: 6814: 6813: 6810: 6808: 6805: 6803: 6800: 6799: 6797: 6793: 6787: 6784: 6783: 6781: 6779:Treadle power 6777: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6759: 6756: 6755: 6754: 6751: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6741: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6684:Track bicycle 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6665: 6662: 6660: 6657: 6655: 6652: 6650: 6647: 6645: 6642: 6640: 6637: 6635: 6634:Prone bicycle 6632: 6630: 6627: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6593: 6592:Mountain bike 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6547:Downhill bike 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6484: 6482: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6469: 6465: 6458: 6453: 6451: 6446: 6444: 6439: 6438: 6435: 6423: 6415: 6414: 6411: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6371: 6369: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6335: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6320: 6318: 6315: 6313: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6267:Bike registry 6265: 6263: 6260: 6258: 6255: 6253: 6250: 6248: 6247:Bicycle rodeo 6245: 6243: 6240: 6238: 6235: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6197: 6195: 6192: 6190: 6189:Track cycling 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6137:Cyclosportive 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6104: 6102: 6096: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6069:Randonneuring 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6008: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5992: 5989: 5987: 5984: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5909: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5891: 5886: 5884: 5879: 5878: 5875: 5865: 5860: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5820: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5800: 5790: 5787: 5786: 5784: 5780: 5774: 5771: 5769: 5766: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5756: 5754: 5751: 5750: 5748: 5744: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5724: 5722: 5718: 5715: 5711: 5705: 5702: 5700: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5674: 5671: 5669: 5666: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5656: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5639: 5633: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5597:Electric boat 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5555: 5553: 5548: 5547: 5544: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5521:Windmill ship 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5498: 5496: 5492: 5486: 5485: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5472: 5471: 5467: 5466: 5464: 5462:Documentaries 5460: 5454: 5453:Electric boat 5451: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5433: 5432: 5431:Solar vehicle 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5391: 5389:Multiple-fuel 5387: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5366: 5363: 5361: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5351: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5320: 5317: 5315: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5303: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5291:Methanol fuel 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5238: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5227: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5205: 5204: 5203:Solar vehicle 5201: 5199: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5188: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5115: 5111: 5108: 5107: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5100:Electric boat 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5052:Tesla turbine 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5029: 5023: 5022:Electric boat 5020: 5018: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5005: 5004: 5001: 4999: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4983:Solar vehicle 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4961: 4958: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4949: 4943: 4940: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4920: 4915: 4913: 4908: 4906: 4901: 4900: 4897: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4866: 4856: 4855: 4852: 4844: 4839: 4835: 4834: 4814: 4810: 4803: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4762: 4758: 4752: 4736: 4732: 4728: 4721: 4713: 4707: 4700: 4689: 4688: 4682: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4655: 4639: 4635: 4628: 4626: 4609: 4603: 4601: 4584: 4578: 4576: 4567: 4561: 4553: 4547: 4531: 4525: 4523: 4506: 4502: 4496: 4487: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4459: 4442: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4418: 4414: 4413: 4405: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4377: 4373: 4366: 4350: 4344: 4333: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4284: 4268: 4262: 4247: 4243: 4236: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4208: 4199: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4158: 4149: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4090: 4082: 4078: 4073: 4072:10044/1/89043 4068: 4063: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3974: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3950: 3935: 3931: 3924: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3870: 3854: 3848: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3820: 3812: 3808: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3794:10044/1/61061 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3759: 3752: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3675: 3669: 3660: 3659:10044/1/77527 3655: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3606: 3600: 3593: 3580: 3576: 3569: 3562: 3557: 3541: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3496: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3425: 3421: 3414: 3398: 3392: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3350: 3346: 3339: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3289: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3255: 3247: 3243: 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