Sinosphere - Knowledge

2241: 3481: 1376: 3756: 1363:. He notes that "all scholars recognize the existence of either a single distinct Chinese civilization dating back to at least 1500 B.C. and perhaps a thousand years earlier, or of two Chinese civilizations, one succeeding the other, in the early centuries of the Christian epoch", Huntington's Sinic civilization includes China, North Korea, South Korea, Vietnam, and Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. Of the many civilizations that Huntington discusses, the Sinic world is the only one that is based on a cultural, rather than religious, identity. Huntington's theory was that in a post- 2621: 8633: 2230: 2156: 3770: 1387: 115: 3210: 3812: 3826: 3854: 3784: 793: 3840: 3742: 2923: 2042: 3196: 3798: 1885: 2629: 755: 50: 1334:. He included Japan and Korea in his definition of "Far Eastern civilization" and proposed that they grew out of the "Sinic civilization" that originated in the Yellow River basin. Toynbee compared the relationship between the Sinic and Far Eastern civilization with that of the Hellenic and Western civilizations, which had an "apparentation-affiliation". 1912:, which became the medium of scholarship and government across the region. Although each of these countries developed vernacular writing systems and used them for popular literature, they continued to use Chinese for all formal writing until it was swept away by rising nationalism around the end of the 19th century. 5379:"Given Japan's strong tradition of Chinese textual scholarship, encouraged further by visits by eminent Chinese scholars since the early 20th century, Japan has been one of the birthplaces of modern sinology outside China" Early China – A Social and Cultural History, page 11. Cambridge University Press. 7038:

As the textile industry began to abandon places with high labor costs in the western industrialized world, it began to sprout up in a variety of Third World locations, in particular the famous 'Four Tiger' nations of East Asia: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. Textiles were particularly

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Japan has long been influenced by China for around 2 millennia and emulated many cultural and philosophical thought, with many Japanese undertaking studies that came from China or via Korea. Culture, trade, and military confrontation has been a major focal point between the two as well and relations

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also grouped China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam into a cultural sphere that he called the "Sinic world", a group of centralized states that share a Confucian ethical philosophy. Reischauer states that this culture originated in northern China, comparing the relationship between northern China and East

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Korea and China relations are extensive and several millennia old with much cultural trade and thought transferring into Korea from China, with parts of Korea having also been subsumed by Chinese rule since 109 BC, as well as partaking in several military confrontations. Much of the history between

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before) and maintaining face is highly important. Interpersonal relationships are also highly valued. Anger or displaying temper will reduce trust and Vietnamese business people may take spoken word as fact. When there are disruptions in harmony, Vietnamese may use silence as a way of allowing any

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In Vietnamese culture, the culture tends to be hierarchical by age and seniority, and Vietnamese prefer to work with those who they trust, extending this to business relations that often are maintained between peers and relatives. Women have an important role in Vietnamese culture (owing to their

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Japan's links with Vietnam and the rest of Southeast Asia was mainly through maritime trade stemming from the 16th century. Japan's relations with Vietnam went further back into the 8th century via China. Although some residual grievances of Japan's colonizing past in Asia may remain, as well as

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Core languages of the East Asian cultural sphere are predominantly Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese, and their respective variants. These are well-documented to have historically used Chinese characters, with Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese each having roughly 60% of their vocabulary

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extends for over 15 centuries, with many ideas from mainland Asia flowing into Japan via Korea in historical times. Although geographically close, the two countries are culturally distinct from one another and may harbor contrasting military and historical viewpoints, where relations can turn

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Mutual relations stem from hundreds to thousands of years of history between each state, originating from the advent of the spread of Classical Chinese writing, conquest, or from trade and cultural flow. Although there were long historical connections between each side, instances of racism or

3307:. However, Chinese characters still hold a special place in these cultures, as their history and literature have been greatly influenced by them. In Vietnam (and North Korea), chữ Hán can be seen in temples, cemeteries, and monuments as well as serving as decorative motifs in art and design. 2611:

On the other hand, no specific religious affiliation may also be practiced as well, and are often the most cited in several aforementioned countries. However, regardless of religious affiliations, most in the Sinosphere are entwined with traces of Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, or native

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Throughout East Asia, Literary Chinese was the language of administration and scholarship. Although Vietnam, Korea, and Japan each developed writing systems for their languages, these were limited to popular literature. Chinese remained the medium of formal writing until it was displaced by

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Vietnam and Korea had semi-official encounters when both countries' envoys met in China from the 16th to 19th century. Despite the geographical distance, the countries share many parallels such as colonial rule, and historical or current political division. South Korea was involved in the

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Maintaining face is usually how business and social relationships work in East Asia, whereas aggressively patronising others, or criticising them publicly in front of others, tend to be the ways to lose business relationships. In Chinese business culture, there is a high value on nurturing

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philosophy that believes that human beings are teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and communal endeavor, especially including self-cultivation and self-creation. Confucianism focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of ethics, the most basic of which are:

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The following language families are found in and around the East Asian cultural sphere. Some have historically contributed to the vocabulary or development of Sinitic languages, and others have been influenced to some degree by them. Only some of these languages are highly indebted to

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controversial Vietnam War with South Vietnam as well. Although relations appear courteous, tensions on the Korean peninsula prevent any major relations truly forming without angering the other political side, with Vietnam ultimately used as neutral ground for a North Korean-US summit.

3638:. Vietnam and China's relations are linked with many cultural and philosophical thoughts emanating from China transferring to Vietnam, as well as many confrontations between the two. Although currently politically similar, relations can oftentimes become fraught and unsound as well. 3358:) between management and a company's employees, where knowing one's place within the hierarchy, and showing respect for a person's age and status, are very important in Korean society. It is not uncommon for people in a Korean office to refer to others as their seniors ( 1810:

and other East Asian countries, in which performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume to bring good luck and fortune. Aside from China, versions of the lion dance are found in Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Tibet, and Taiwan. Lion dances are usually performed during

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are considered the common culture that unifies the languages and cultures of many East Asian nations. Historically, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam have used Chinese characters. Today, they are mainly used in China, Japan, and South Korea, albeit in different forms.

948:). Classical literature written in Chinese characters nonetheless remains an important legacy of Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese cultures. In the 21st century, ideological and cultural influences of Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism remain visible in 1869:. Okinawa has traditionally observed the Lunar New Year because of heavy Chinese influence in its past. Festivities nowadays are not as elaborate as the Western new year, but Okinawans still celebrate and partake in many traditions for Lunar New Year. 3503:

Up until the early 2010s, Vietnamese trade was heavily dependent on China. Most Chinese-Vietnamese people are from Cantonese background, and can speak Cantonese and Vietnamese, which share many linguistic similarities. Vietnam, one of the

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that is nowadays the majority script. However, hanja is a required subject in South Korea. Most names are also written in hanja. Hanja is also studied and used in academia, newspapers, and law—areas where a lot of scholarly terms and

2182:, which, according to Buddha, is the highest state of meditation. In this state the individual finds peace and tranquility above the oscillations of thoughts and emotions and is rid of the inherent suffering of the physical world. 6525: 3366:). And usually positions within a company is reflective of a person's age, and juniors tend to listen to their seniors without pause. Koreans place value on maintaining a social harmonious environment that allows a worker's " 3594:, and both are highly influential on the world's tapestry in terms of cultural exportation. South Korea was the 13th largest in 2022 by nominal GDP and has been highly influential as well, with the popularity of the 2134:

is the "source" of the universe, thus considered a creative principle, but not as a deity. Nature manifests itself spontaneously, without a higher intention, and it is up to humans to integrate, through "non-action"

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Taoism is a combination of teachings from various sources, manifesting itself as a system that can be philosophical, religious, or ethical. The tradition can also be presented as a worldview and a way of life.

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was used by government printers in Korea but seems to have not been extensively used in China, Vietnam, or Japan. At the same time, manuscript reproduction remained important until the late 19th century.

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to refer to an East Asian cultural sphere distinct from the cultures of the West. According to Nishijima, this cultural sphere—which includes China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam—shared the philosophy of

3339:. A leader of a Japanese company is typically valued on their ability to maintain social harmony, and to unify or bring together their employees, rather than simply being the top decision maker. 3705:

Korea and China focused on Northeast Asia, also playing a role in transmitting knowledge to Japan. Along with the long history between the two, relations between them may also become fraught.

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The Modern World: Civilizations of Africa, Civilizations of Europe, Civilizations of the Americas, Civilizations of the Middle East and Southwest Asia, Civilizations of Asia and the Pacific

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vernacular writing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Though they did not use Chinese for spoken communication, each country had its tradition of reading texts aloud, the so-called

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world, humanity " with cultural groups: tribes, ethnic groups, religious communities at the broadest level, civilizations". Yet, Huntington considered Japan as a distinct civilization.

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Due to the common usage of Chinese characters across East Asian nations, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese people traditionally can engage in written communication using

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existing political differences, the relation has mostly been of mutualism. However, instances of mistreatment, such as abuse towards Vietnamese laborers in Japan, has surfaced.

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conquered parts of northern Vietnam, as well as northern Korea in 109 BC, although Chinese influences began before then as well. Chinese rule and influence continued to impact

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for over 1,000 years. Hmong, while having supposedly lacked a writing system until modern history, is also suggested to have a similar percentage of Chinese loans to the core

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through meditative practices, mindfulness, and reflection on their daily actions. The belief is that physical and spiritual awareness leads to a state of enlightenment called

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Taiwan, and historically mainland China. Used to aid in the learning of Hanzi, especially reading and writing, in elementary schools. On the mainland it is used only in the

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with a Chinese majority, but may also speak English as a first language, Christianity is becoming more popular, with the most popular being Protestant branches, followed by

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In late classical history, the literary importance of classical Chinese diminished as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam each adopted their own writing systems. Japan developed the

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and Europe. The elites of East Asia were tied together through a common written language based on Chinese characters, much in the way that Latin had functioned in Europe.

3380:" which refers to a state of having personal trust and a solid relationship with someone, and can involve exchanging favours and have moral obligations to one another. 1670:

are used as an eating utensil in all of the core East Asian countries. The use of soy sauce, which is made from fermenting soybeans, is also widespread in the region.

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is the only source of the universe and must be a natural path of life events that everyone should follow. Thus, the adherents of Taoism follow the search for

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Denecke, Wiebke; Nguyen, Nam (2017). "Shared Literary Heritage in the East Asian Sinographic Sphere". In Denecke, Wiebke; Li, Wai-Yee; Tian, Xiaofei (eds.).

5468:"The Three Teachings of East Asia (TTEA) Inventory: Developing and Validating a Measure of the Interrelated Ideologies of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism" 5093: 3310:

Zhuang people are similar to the Vietnamese in that they used to write in Sawgun (Chinese characters) and have invented many of their own characters, called

1861:. Although mainland Japan may not celebrate the Lunar New Year anymore, there are some indigenous minority ethnic groups in Japan that still do, such as the 1939:

had been developed in China. At first, it was used only to copy Buddhist scriptures, but later secular works were also printed. By the 13th century, metal

7102: 3447:, while currently remaining the world's 3rd largest economy by nominal GDP. Presently, higher growth in the region has been experienced by China and the 2733:: spoken mainly in China, Russia, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Iran, Cyprus, and Turkey. Major Turkic languages include 10072: 8371:

Lowe, Roy; Yasuhara, Yoshihito (2016). "Higher learning in ancient Korea, Japan and Vietnam: The East Asian cultural sphere and the Imperial Chinese".

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Jin, Li; Wuyun Pan; Yan, Shi; Zhang, Menghan (24 April 2019). "Phylogenetic evidence for Sino-Tibetan origin in northern China in the Late Neolithic".

9034: 6734: 4272: 1924:. Chinese words with these pronunciations were also borrowed extensively into the local vernaculars and today comprise over half their vocabularies. 1262: 976: 7896:

Japan and Vietnam - Archival Records on Our History (Joint Project Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of Japan-Viet Nam Diplomatic Relations) (2018).

10132: 9039: 3505: 3050: 9183: 7922: 8022: 5856: 3614:" ideologies have surfaced with Vietnam, Japan, Korea, (the use of 中國 in self-reference) in various situations, conferring the "Chinese" label. 9074: 6580: 4781:. American Institute in Taiwan (AIT) & Blackboard Education Executive Symposium. Taipei, Taiwan – via Institute of Education Science. 3327:

The business cultures of East Asia are heavily influenced by Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism. Japan often features hierarchically organized

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also became a prominent philosophical and religious discipline. Neo-Confucianism has its origins in the Tang dynasty; the Confucianist scholar

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xenophobia towards the other stemming from deep-rooted historical, economic, political or regional differences has also been a major concern.

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states and neighboring states, including Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. These interactions brought ideological and cultural influences rooted in

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Taoism has had an influence on countries throughout the Sinosphere. The Taoist school of thought was created in China from the teachings of

10107: 9282: 5638: 3420:, developing strong textile and manufacturing industries. South Korea followed a similar route, developing its textile industry. After the 10127: 8548: 7717:(Speech). 4th Annual Conference on Korea and Vietnam: The National experiences and foreign Policies of Middle Powers. Shorenstein APARC, 7154: 3560: 7585: 6033:

Sagart, Laurent; Jacques, Guillaume; Lai, Yunfan; Ryder, Robin J.; Thouzeau, Valentin; Greenhill, Simon J.; List, Johann-Mattis (2019).

5946: 4106: 3465: 17: 8211: 4245: 3495:, one of the most successful Southeast Asian states, may also be considered as Sinosphere in some circumstances (due to its majority 9441: 9305: 8889: 7781: 7254: 1184: 5894: 4379:

Remapping the Sinophone: The Cultural Production of Chinese-Language Cinema in Singapore and Malaya before and during the Cold War

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is prominent, and early Christian missionaries played a historical role in romanizing the Vietnamese language, before the time of

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and its descendant civilizations as well as the "Far Eastern civilizations" (the Mainland and the Japanese ones). In the 1930s in

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in the late 19th century, when Japan rapidly transformed itself into the only industrial power outside the North Atlantic area.

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influenced, and were in turn influenced by, innovations of the other cultures in governance, philosophy, science, and the arts.

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like Samsung, LG, etc. strongly driving its economy, and as of 2023, has the 12th largest economy in the world by nominal GDP.

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Vietnam and Korea remained tributary states of China for much of their histories, while Japan only submitted fully to Chinese

1382:, Vietnam. Chinese architecture has had a major influence on the East Asian architectural styles of Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. 9446: 8439: 8300: 8189: 8170: 7974: 7471: 7384: 7335: 7031: 7000: 6686: 6604: 5673: 5324: 5241: 5214: 5187: 5157: 5103: 5076: 5049: 5022: 4995: 4907: 4880: 4815: 4730: 4703: 4670: 4645: 4618: 4591: 4561: 4542: 4523: 4495: 4470: 4436: 4395: 4309: 4282: 4255: 4211: 4122: 3898: 2633: 2367:

is seen as the first true "pioneer" of neo-Confucianism, using Taoist metaphysics as a framework for his ethical philosophy.

2110:, a concept that is equivalent to a path or course and represents the cosmic force that creates the universe and all things. 7709: 7670:

Youn, Dae-Yong (2014). "The Loss of Vietnam: Korean Views of Vietnam in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries".

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scholars looked through earlier Chinese sources to find historical information about the Việt/Yue, be it recorded with or .

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derived from Chinese. There is a small set of minor languages that are comparable to the core East Asian languages, such as

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imported from China. In Vietnam, neo-Confucianism, along with Taoism and Buddhism, were also developed into Vietnam's own

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or devout Buddhists of this sect, or even among lay Buddhists, as it leads to compassion for all living, sentient beings.

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Korea and Japan have had extensive links in terms of culture, trade, political contact and military confrontations. The

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Common factors across Sinosphere tends to place great emphasis and respect towards traits of humility and conformity.

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Though not commonly identified with that of East Asia, the following religions have been influential in its history:

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important in the early industrialization of South Korea, while garment production was more significant to Hong Kong.

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characters. Since French colonization, they have switched to using a modified version of the Latin alphabet called

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Food in Motion: The Migration of Foodstuffs and Cookery Techniques : Proceedings : Oxford Symposium 1983

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See the "family tree" of Toynbee's "civilizations" in any edition of Toynbee's work, or e.g. as Fig.1 on p.16 of:

4165: 9175: 8541: 7228: 4000: 3995: 3985: 3980: 3509: 3233:: Chinese characters are used in parallel with other scripts in respective native languages (South Korea, Japan). 2636:

in CJKV languages. Shared vocabulary is coloured. From left to right, Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt) using the obsolete

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has the meaning of 'earring'. The sense of the word as meaning 'sphere' is only found in Literary Chinese texts.

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country. Singapore, a highly developed economy, is also a part of ASEAN with a population that is significantly

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The countries of China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam share a Confucian philosophical worldview. Confucianism is a

2067: 1990: 609: 127: 8285: 6420:"Silent conversation through Brushtalk (筆談): The use of Sinitic as a scripta franca in early modern East Asia" 5282: 4200:

Wang Hui, "'Modernity and 'Asia' in the Study of Chinese History," in Eckhardt Fuchs, Benedikt Stuchtey, eds.,

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https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1185&context=vhj

3292: 3250: 3223:: Simplified Chinese, used officially, but traditional form is also used in publishing (Singapore, Malaysia). 1677:. People who have no rice are often seen as having no food. Moreover, in East Asian countries such as Japan ( 432: 150: 10173: 9236: 8959: 8749: 1958: 7451: 5759:"The Sacred and the Secular: Protestant Christianity as Lived Experience in Modern Korea: An Introduction" 3238:: Chinese characters were once used officially, but this is now obsolete (Mongolia, North Korea, Vietnam). 10218: 9331: 9127: 8924: 8874: 4005: 3970: 3720: 3598:

since the 1990s. North Korea was the 107th largest, and Vietnam the 35th largest by nominal GDP in 2023.

3296: 2244: 2063: 1390: 1316:, Islamic, Eastern Orthodox, Indic, etc. civilizations is presented as among the major "units of study". 68: 60: 31: 30:

This article is about a group of nations historically influenced by Chinese culture. For other uses, see

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Gold, Thomas B. (1993). "Go with Your Feelings: Hong Kong and Taiwan Popular Culture in Greater China".

3671:) was interchangeable with the homophonous character that today refers specifically to the Vietnamese ( 9300: 9290: 9198: 9193: 8534: 8483: 7901: 6419: 5688: 3631: 3336: 3328: 2481: 1580: 1438: 1359: 1258: 890: 288: 7363: 4451:

Howe, Christopher. The Origins of Japanese Trade Supremacy: Development and Technology in Asia. p. 337

1835: 10213: 10208: 10183: 10057: 9974: 9069: 8954: 8844: 7281: 5390: 3975: 3888: 3332: 2441: 2429: 2173: 1917: 1423: 874: 719: 8165:. Global communication without universal civilization. Vol. 1. Geneva, Switzerland: INU Press. 7996: 7880: 6836: 5552:"Equivalent Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Mahayana Buddhists Practicing Vegetarian Diets" 2329:): a system of norms and propriety that determines how a person should properly act in everyday life 1845:), and Taiwan traditionally observe the same Lunar New Year. However, Japan has moved its New Year ( 10168: 10117: 8974: 8809: 5788: 3873: 3527: 3433: 2881: 2545:

In Japan, of the minority that are Christian, 60% were Protestant and the rest were Roman Catholic.

2399: 2052: 8919: 8356:. Taipei and Göttingen, Germany: National Taiwan University Press and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 7831: 7402:"Escaping the Vicious Cycle: Symbolic Politics and History Disputes Between South Korea and Japan" 7312: 4746: 10193: 10102: 9007: 7540:

Chen, Xi (2020). "Study on the Value Identity of Chinese and Vietnamese Culture of Song Genius".

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Multilingualism in China : the politics of writing reforms for minority languages, 1949–2002

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Additionally, besides mutual relations, various forms of inheritance of Chinese civilisation or "

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is seen as a forebear of the neo-Confucianists of the Song dynasty. The Song dynasty philosopher

2056: 1415: 1303: 1267: 981: 8894: 6123:"Traces of Archaic Mitochondrial Lineages Persist in Austronesian-Speaking Formosan Populations" 3519:, China has become the 2nd and 1st-largest economy in the world respectively by nominal GDP and 2773:: spoken mainly in Thailand, Laos, and parts of southern China. Major Kra-Dai languages include 9416: 9365: 9324: 9266: 9160: 9012: 8909: 8854: 7889: 7129: 6810: 3913: 3285: 3269: 3172: 2696: 2658: 2516: 2461: 2437: 1645: 1419: 1379: 961: 7021: 6676: 6232: 5066: 5012: 4985: 4897: 4870: 4204: 3428:

of the country following the end of World War II, and the ultimate division of the peninsula,

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as well. It advocates for altruism and compassion, as well as understanding and escaping from

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has been gaining more popularity in these areas, due to its own version of spirituality and

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Books in Literary Chinese were widely distributed. By the 7th century and possibly earlier,

1375: 889:. The four cultures were ruled by their respective emperors under similar imperial systems. 9947: 9856: 9562: 9203: 9089: 9059: 9022: 8939: 7494: 6098:. Symposium Austronesia, Pascasarjana Linguististik dan Kajian Budaya Universitas Udayana. 6046: 5983: 5718: 3555: 3416:

Hong Kong's successful postwar economy led to the territory's categorization as one of the

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script, Korean (Han'gugeo; 한국어), Japanese (Nihongo; にほんご), and Chinese (Zhōngwén; ㄓㄨㄥㄨㄣˊ).

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Buddhist philosophy is guided by the teachings of the Buddha, which lead the individual to

1986: 1966: 1929: 1505: 1427: 1354: 696: 10005: 8318:(1st published. ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–10. 8316:

A history of East Asia : from the origins of civilization to the twenty-first century

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listed the Far Eastern civilization as one of the main civilizations outlined in his book

8: 10077: 9910: 9723: 9683: 9596: 9426: 8849: 7876: 7718: 7495:"War, Rebellion, and Intervention under Hierarchy: Vietnam–China Relations, 1365 to 1841" 4695: 3680: 3448: 3444: 3304: 3254: 2911: 2760: 2565: 2531: 2477: 2391: 2371: 2186: 2167: 1948: 1901: 1775: 1614: 1453: 1411: 1342: 1055: 987: 945: 882: 784: 762: 497: 8295:. Edwin O. Reischauer Lectures ( ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 8163:

Coexisting contemporary civilizations : Arabo-Muslim, Bharati, Chinese, and Western

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Unlike with the other languages of the Sinosphere, the corresponding Vietnamese cognate

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Korean, Vietnamese and Japanese language are so similar to Mandarin(原來韓文、越南文、日文跟中文這麼像)

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Achieving Quality Assurance and Moving to a World Class University in the 21st Century

4277:. A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia. John Wiley & Sons. p. 181. 3460: 409: 318: 9954: 9942: 9893: 9765: 9698: 9688: 9660: 9623: 9611: 9579: 9064: 8859: 8641: 8495: 8435: 8425: 8417: 8380: 8357: 8338: 8319: 8296: 8277: 8251: 8185: 8166: 8136: 8081: 8069: 8050:"Korean Views of Korea-China Relations: Evolving Perceptions and Upcoming Challenges" 7970: 7916: 7861: 7763: 7644: 7605: 7526: 7514: 7467: 7433: 7421: 7380: 7331: 7027: 6996: 6911: 6903: 6868: 6856: 6682: 6600: 6562: 6552: 6397: 6387: 6364: 6354: 6331: 6321: 6298: 6288: 6258: 6238: 6213: 6195: 6154: 6103: 6074: 6019: 6007: 5999: 5831: 5722: 5715:

Essentials of Neo-Confucianism: Eight Major Philosophers of the Song and Ming Periods

5696: 5669: 5612: 5579: 5571: 5507: 5489: 5320: 5262: 5237: 5210: 5183: 5153: 5126: 5099: 5072: 5045: 5018: 4991: 4964: 4903: 4876: 4852: 4811: 4726: 4699: 4666: 4641: 4614: 4587: 4557: 4538: 4519: 4491: 4466: 4432: 4413: 4391: 4362: 4342: 4305: 4278: 4251: 4207: 4173: 4118: 4036: 3417: 3405: 3121: 3054: 2900: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2720: 2716: 2678: 2569: 2535: 2383: 2356: 2293: 2190: 1893: 1858: 1848: 1661: 1625:

jewelry and ornaments are also highly valued throughout East Asia and Southeast Asia.

1618: 1473: 1347: 1325: 1014: 465: 269: 263: 252: 8276:(Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Columbia Project on Asia in the Core Curriculum, 1997). 5591: 2724: 9881: 9837: 9783: 9773: 9718: 9628: 9606: 9574: 9248: 9145: 9049: 9044: 8949: 8879: 8725: 8715: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8487: 8458: 8405: 8232: 8111: 8061: 7753: 7745: 7679: 7636: 7597: 7506: 7459: 7413: 7372: 7323: 6923: 6895: 6848: 6431: 6203: 6185: 6144: 6134: 6064: 6054: 5991: 5823: 5563: 5497: 5479: 4935: 4691: 4488:

Reexamining the Sinosphere: Cultural Transmissions and Transformations in East Asia

4383: 4334: 4040: 3938: 3903: 3789: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3566:

Although Greater China, Japan, and Korea all have extensive links with the rest of

3550: 3541: 3496: 3086: 2877: 2858: 2800: 2730: 2682: 2662: 2651: 2604: 2485: 2387: 2348: 2339: 1909: 1823: 1807: 1653: 1596: 1494: 1457: 894: 864: 856: 199: 6884:"Understanding the Culture and Behaviour of East Asians — A Confucian Perspective" 6852: 6759: 4773: 4690:. The Oxford History of Historical Writing. Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. 4516:

Confucius in East Asia: Confucianism's History in China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam

3385: 2791:: spoken mainly in Mongolia, China, and Russia. Major Mongolian languages include 1386: 9964: 9920: 9753: 9748: 9728: 9708: 9650: 9616: 9540: 9530: 9492: 9453: 9406: 9351: 8744: 8730: 8671: 7782:"My decade watching the Korean peninsula: the delicacy of peace | Lowy Institute" 7586:"The Biography of the Hồng Bàng Clan as a Medieval Vietnamese Invented Tradition" 6353:. 柴谷, 方良, 1944- (Reprint 1994 ed.). Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. 6190: 6172:

Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; et al. (21 April 2015).

6139: 5120: 4972: 3859: 3712: 3137: 2836: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2774: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2666: 2553: 2524: 2520: 2509: 2155: 1994: 1866: 1862: 1829: 1641: 1588: 1469: 1465: 1461: 828: 10000: 9242: 7463: 4217: 3354: 2759:: spoken mainly in Vietnam, and Cambodia. Major Austroasiatic languages include 1697:𩚵 or 粓), the word for "cooked rice" can embody the meaning of food in general. 1065:

languages—Chinese, Japanese, Korean—each use cognate terms to translate English

1031: 10097: 9988: 9898: 9713: 9584: 9259: 8979: 8884: 8754: 8600: 8588: 7832:"Caution needed in developing defense ties with Vietnam, North Korea's comrade" 7640: 5308: 4831: 3933: 3845: 3747: 3575: 3404:, East Asia modernized and became an area of economic power, starting with the 3153: 3102: 3014: 2965: 2864: 2792: 2764: 2746: 2712: 2600: 2596: 2588: 2539: 2497: 2457: 2313: 2000: 1921: 1896:, Standard Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, and Korean. Vietnamese is written in 1812: 1657: 1584: 1254: 1232: 870: 824: 796: 462: 8115: 7997:"Vietnamese trainee worker in Japan recalls violence, struggle to switch jobs" 7376: 7205: 6992:

Economic Development in Twentieth-Century East Asia: The International Context

6899: 6475: 6174:"The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia" 5995: 5567: 5484: 4338: 3300: 3114: 2637: 1897: 1737: 939: 916: 780: 776: 523: 10162: 9817: 9633: 9591: 9535: 9421: 9380: 9347: 9112: 8837: 8774: 8705: 8676: 8491: 8073: 7961:

Do, Thuy T.; Dinh, Julia Luong (2018), Tsvetov, Anton; Le, Hong Hiep (eds.),

7648: 7609: 7518: 7510: 7425: 7180: 6907: 6860: 6566: 6435: 6401: 6199: 6107: 6003: 5835: 5575: 5493: 5416: 4346: 4177: 3955: 3868: 3775: 3070: 2868: 2840: 2826: 2778: 2505: 2473: 2453: 2210: 1701: 1674: 1666:

The cuisine of East Asia shares many of the same ingredients and techniques.

1443: 1313: 898: 832: 311: 114: 9316: 8293:

Articulating the Sinosphere : Sino-Japanese relations in space and time

8049: 7807:"The ups and downs of the Vietnam–North Korea relationship | Lowy Institute" 7401: 6368: 6335: 6059: 5869: 5551: 3656: 3299:

texts (Hán văn). In the 8th century, they began inventing many of their own

3288:

are used and necessary to distinguish between otherwise ambiguous homonyms.

2022:

are classic Chinese texts that have been influential in East Asian history.

1841: 10092: 10062: 9969: 9937: 9866: 9743: 9738: 9552: 9545: 9458: 9390: 8827: 8759: 8739: 7767: 7683: 7601: 6596:

Where cultures meet; a cross-cultural comparison of business meeting styles

6302: 6217: 6158: 6078: 6011: 5583: 5511: 5259:

Re-Orienting Cuisine : East Asian Foodways in the Twenty-First Century

4835: 4405: 4377: 4298:

Grimshaw-Aagaard, Mark; Walther-Hansen, Mads; Knakkergaard, Martin (2019).

3950: 3803: 3761: 3348: 3160: 3039: 2782: 2686: 2417: 2352: 2260: 2233: 2198: 2126: 2006: 1962: 1940: 1559: 1006: 969: 949: 878: 399: 206: 8409: 8065: 7493:

Kang, David C.; Nguyen, Dat X.; Fu, Ronan Tse-min; Shaw, Meredith (2019).

7417: 7351:

https://www.lehigh.edu/~rfw1/courses/1999/spring/ir163/Papers/pdf/kwk2.pdf

7327: 6915: 6234:

Archaeology and Language II: Archaeological Data and Linguistic Hypotheses

4297: 2424:

followed by Buddhism. Significant Christian communities are also found in

1050: 10042: 9925: 9822: 9557: 9463: 9436: 8822: 8710: 8654: 8649: 8617: 8612: 8269: 7181:"YPs' Guide To: Southeast Asia—How Tiger Cubs Are Becoming Rising Tigers" 4634:

Lacoste, Véronique; Leimgruber, Jakob; Breyer, Thiemo (14 October 2014).

3724: 3627: 3595: 3455: 3429: 3342:

Korean businesses, adhering to Confucian values, are structured around a

3209: 3046: 2972: 2218: 1770: 1248: 1021:

sphere" due to perceived native use of these utensils across the region.

965: 455: 8470: 8219: 8200:"Of the East Asian Cultural Sphere: Theorizing Cultural Regionalization" 8199: 8097:"Guest Editor's Introduction: Manchuria and Korea in East Asian History" 7749: 7656: 7624: 6418:

Li, David Chor-Shing; Aoyama, Reijiro; Wong, Tak-sum (6 February 2020).

5149:

Aestheticizing Public Space: Street Visual Politics in East Asian Cities

4947: 4387: 3853: 9930: 9272: 8832: 8666: 8247:

Rethinking East Asian Languages, Vernaculars, and Literacies, 1000–1919

6035:"Dated language phylogenies shed light on the ancestry of Sino-Tibetan" 5843: 5811: 5229: 4663:

Rethinking East Asian Languages, Vernaculars, and Literacies, 1000–1919

3944: 3421: 3343: 3125: 2700: 2364: 1951:

had Chinese origins, which made Japan one of the birthplaces of modern

1803: 1667: 1338: 1018: 281: 4463:

Rethinking the Sinosphere: Poetics, Aesthetics, and Identity Formation

4354: 3574:

is the only one in the Sinosphere that is formally part of ASEAN as a

2817:: spoken mainly in China and Russia. Major Tungusic languages include 2309:): the upholding of righteousness and the moral disposition to do good 1182:

is not used to mean 'sphere', 'area', or 'domain' and only appears in

1081: 1037: 792: 9805: 9795: 9411: 9370: 9188: 8769: 8632: 8578: 8557: 8462: 8376: 8245: 8023:"Japan is no longer an attractive destination for Vietnamese workers" 7734:"War on Two Fronts: The Fight against Parasites in Korea and Vietnam" 6121:

Trejaut, Jean A; Kivisild, Toomas; Loo, Jun Hun; et al. (2005).

5423:(Summer 2024 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University 4939: 4583:

The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature (1000 BCE-900 CE)

3960: 3883: 3708: 3684: 3668: 3626:

Likewise, Vietnam and China have had relations since 111 BC when the

3520: 3492: 3468:

in 1995. Over the last few decades, Vietnam has been developing at a

3110: 3045:

Vietnam, China (used by some ethnic minorities in China, such as the

3006: 2999: 2995: 2980: 2961: 2946: 2904: 2202: 1760: 1511: 1299: 1045: 860: 852: 820: 341: 9995: 5947:"STATISTICS SINGAPORE – Infographic – General Household Survey 2015" 5827: 2922: 2041: 1673:

Rice is the staple food in all of East Asia and is a major focus of

1357:

considered the Sinic world as one of many civilizations in his book

873:

was a major regional power in Eastern Asia and exerted influence on

9903: 9886: 9832: 9827: 9812: 9800: 9778: 9601: 9569: 9500: 9475: 8607: 7255:"China Is Now the World's Largest Economy. We Shouldn't Be Shocked" 3213:

Countries and regions using Chinese characters as a writing system:

3179: 3079: 3035: 3018: 2576: 2561: 2286: 2266: 2214: 2159: 2018: 1952: 1889: 1854: 1364: 1235:

discussed the origins of these 'culture sphere' terms. The Chinese

1010: 929: 925: 848: 348: 229: 8130: 5466:

Lin, Yi-Ying; Swanson, Dena Phillips; Rogge, Ronald David (2021).

5041:

The Chinese National Character: From Nationalhood to Individuality

4899:

The Chinese National Character: From Nationalhood to Individuality

4872:

The Chinese National Character: From Nationalhood to Individuality

3741: 3458:

was devastating. Vietnam only started opening its economy through

2143:), to its flow and rhythms, to achieve happiness and a long life. 9983: 9849: 9844: 9253: 8764: 8720: 8683: 8516: 7019: 5812:"Chinese Buddhist and Christian Charities: A Comparative History" 3571: 3488: 3437: 3311: 3218:: Traditional Chinese, used officially (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau) 3133: 2914:

that are highly influenced by ancient forms of Literary Chinese.

2889: 2690: 2670: 2580: 2542:

denomination is more commonplace instead, followed by Protestant.

2178: 2103: 2012: 1729: 1725: 1717: 1713: 1553: 1541: 1517: 844: 406: 7103:"Why South Korea risks following Japan into economic stagnation" 6171: 2378:

beliefs fused with Buddhism, Confucianism, and other schools of

2121:, which means path and represents the strength of the universe. 1884: 9876: 9861: 9520: 8622: 8449:

Reischauer, Edwin O. (1974). "The Sinic World in Perspective".

7560:"The China Factor in Vietnam's Multidirectional Foreign Policy" 4926:

Reischauer, Edwin O. (1974). "The Sinic World in Perspective".

4138: 3908: 3642: 3376: 3280: 3195: 3063: 2703:, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, the 2375: 2360: 2194: 2031: 1970: 1965:, where it was used to study for civil service examinations in 1792: 1786: 1780: 1705: 1610: 1529: 1523: 1490: 1486: 933: 886: 855:, due either to historical Chinese influence or a contemporary 554: 7963:"Vietnam–Japan Relations: Moving beyond Economic Cooperation?" 6678:

Culture and economy: the shaping of capitalism in eastern Asia

4807:

Sinography: The Borrowing and Adaptation of the Chinese Script

4429:

East Asia before the West: five centuries of trade and tribute

2867:: spoken mainly in Japan. The only surviving Ainu language is 964:, with the emergent cultures that arose from the migration of 470: 10047: 10012: 9915: 9638: 9525: 9510: 8595: 8583: 8573: 8284:. Access may be limited to NetLibrary affiliated libraries. 7542:

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

4202:

Across cultural borders: historiography in global perspective

4107:"Reading Acquisition of Chinese as a Second/Foreign Language" 3567: 3484: 3276: 3261: 3168: 2950: 2910:

As a result, Japanese, Korean and Vietnamese are also deemed

2885: 2206: 2130:("Book of the Way and Virtue", c. 300 BC), declares that the 1904:(한자혼용). Coloured words show vocabulary with the same meaning. 1754: 1721: 1709: 1606: 1482: 1253:, ('culture circle, field'), which the Austrian ethnologists 910: 906: 840: 836: 664: 577: 437: 414: 8526: 6499:"Why reading their own language gives Mongolians a headache" 6259:"Transeurasian theory: A case of farming/language dispersal" 4486:

Qian, Nanxiu; Smith, Richard J.; Zhang, Bowei, eds. (2020).

4461:

Qian, Nanxiu; Smith, Richard J.; Zhang, Bowei, eds. (2020).

4082: 3623:

fraught, especially in the context of Japanese colonization.

2628: 9515: 8132:

Reorienting the Manchus: A Study of Sinicization, 1583-1795

6644: 6642: 4961:

The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order.

4849:

The Rhythms of History: A Universal Theory of Civilizations

4431:(Paperback ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 3265: 3201: 3188:* Official usage historically. Currently used unofficially. 2984: 2956:

China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Vietnam*, Taiwan

2893: 2673:, and parts of Nepal. Major Sino-Tibetan languages include 1932:

also developed in contrast to the use of Literary Chinese.

1733: 1622: 1575: 1547: 1535: 5608:

To cherish all life：a Buddhist case for becomingvegetarian

5068:

People of the bomb: portraits of America's nuclear complex

2849:: spoken mainly in Japan. Major Japonic languages include 1017:

scholars. It has also been informally referred to as the "

972:

generally regarded as the origin of the East Asian world.

847:. Other definitions may include the regions of modern-day 5337: 4686:

Pelly, Patricia (2018). "Vietnamese Historical Writing".

4247:

Yellow Perils: China Narratives in the Contemporary World

3370:" (their mood or emotional feelings) to remain balanced. 2835:: spoken mainly in Korea. Major Korean languages include 1700:

Popular terms associated with East Asian cuisine include

1062: 799:, legendary creatures in Sinosphere mythology and culture 376: 353: 6674: 6639: 6095:

Current Developments in Comparative Austronesian Studies

4274:

Inner Eurasia from the Mongol Empire to Today, 1260–2000

293: 8274:

Asia in Western and World History a Guide for Teaching.

5349: 4633: 3508:

countries as of 2005, is regarded as a rising economic

3085:

Mongolia (though there is a movement to switch back to

2903:

without knowing other people's spoken language, called

1426:) share a common architectural style stemming from the 6381: 5361: 2347:

philosophy is primarily defined by the development of

1684: 1224: 1213: 1194: 1177: 1089: 724: 701: 7023:

Industrial Location: Principles, Practice, and Policy

6348: 6120: 6032: 5922:"How the Gospel Takes Root in 'Crazy Rich' Singapore" 5611:(2nd ed.). Rochester, New York: The Zen Center. 5313:"A transnational approach to East Asian book history" 4785: 4535:

East Asian Confucianism: Interactions and Innovations

4304:. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 423. 2654:

and thus relevant to the East Asian cultural sphere.

1236: 1074: 257: 234: 211: 8394:

Matisoff, James A. (1990). "On 'Megalocomparison'".

7365:'History Wars' and Reconciliation in Japan and Korea 7282:"China Has the World's Largest Economy: Get Over It" 5973: 5317:

New Word Order: Transnational Themes in Book History

5230:

Wen S. Chern; Colin A. Carter; Shun-yi Shei (2000).

5010: 4607:

Asher, R. E.; Moseley, Christopher (19 April 2018).

4580:

Denecke, Wiebke; Li, Wai-yee; Tian, Xiaofei (2017).

3737: 1104: 637: 614: 8229:

The Oxford Handbook of Classical Chinese Literature

7259:

Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs

7155:"The rise and demise of Asia's four little dragons" 5870:"A Brief History of the Catholic Church in Vietnam" 5776: 4851:, By Stephen Blaha. Pingree-Hill Publishing, 2002. 4637:

Indexing Authenticity: Sociolinguistic Perspectives

2162:Buddhism, a religion particular to the Sinic world 1908:East Asian literary culture is based on the use of 1393:, one of the most famous Japanese woodblock prints 944:(now rarely used in lieu of the modern Latin-based 323: 6888:Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 5206:The Art of Fermentation: New York Times Bestseller 2685:. These are thought to have originated around the 2644: 1302:. The Sinosphere may be taken to be synonymous to 1245:) dates to a 1941 translation for the German term 6837:"Humility in learning: A Confucian perspective *" 5315:, in Chakravorty, Swapan; Gupta, Abhijit (eds.), 4513: 3592:second and third-largest economies by nominal GDP 1136:is not used to mean 'sphere' or 'area'. Instead, 859:population. The Sinosphere is different from the 10160: 9040:Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia 7937:"East Asian Tensions and the Lessons From Hanoi" 7492: 6760:"Guanxi: What it is, History, How it Works, FAQ" 6455:Encyclopedia of Chinese Language and Linguistics 4983: 4105:Zhang, Linjun; Han, Zaizhu; Zhang, Yang (2022). 4058: 4053: 3646: 1154: 1149: 1137: 1131: 1126: 937: 914: 27:Areas historically influenced by Chinese culture 9184:Association of East Asian Research Universities 7663: 6282: 6039:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 5895:"A Little Faith: Christianity and the Japanese" 5465: 5283:"Tradition: Okinawa Lunar New Year Celebration" 1406:: Countries of the East Asian cultural sphere ( 991: 528: 502: 63:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling 7014: 7012: 6546: 5092:McCormack, Gavan; Field, Norma (8 July 2016). 5091: 5064: 4485: 4460: 4426: 2661:: spoken mainly in China, Singapore, Myanmar, 2508:denomination is more commonplace, followed by 1920:, which provide clues to the pronunciation of 1846: 1678: 1291: 1278: 1219: 1208: 1199:is used to mean 'world' or 'sphere'. As such, 1189: 1172: 1167: 1095: 998: 9346: 9332: 9136:China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting 8542: 8226: 6681:. University of Michigan Press. p. 131. 6320:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 6315: 6230: 5656: 5650: 5419:, in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), 5391:"30 Books That Changed the Course of History" 5233:Food security in Asia: economics and policies 4921: 4919: 4579: 4243: 4231: 4104: 3279:but has invented an alphabetic system called 2324: 2318: 2304: 2298: 2280: 2193:sect, which is seen to be intertwined within 1143: 827:that were historically heavily influenced by 669: 8370: 7229:"The story behind Viet Nam's miracle growth" 7020:J. James W. Harrington; Barney Warf (1995). 6417: 5639:Journal of the Adventist Theological Society 5261:. Berghahn Books, Incorporated. p. 14. 5037: 4990:. University Press of America. p. 197. 4987:Peace and Prosperity in an Age of Incivility 4606: 4301:The Oxford Handbook of Sound and Imagination 4250:. University of Hawaiʻi Press. p. 173. 4223: 4144: 3249:Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore use 2251:played a huge role in creating scholars and 2113:According to this belief, the wisdom of the 1319: 1246: 1116: 1110: 155: 132: 8480:Chopsticks: A Cultural and Culinary History 8354:East Asian Confucianisms: Texts in Contexts 8335:The Genesis of East Asia, 221 B.C.-A.D. 907 7921:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 7731: 7458:, Harvard University Press, pp. 1–16, 7009: 6285:Colonialism and language policy in Viet Nam 5171: 5169: 4554:East Asian Confucianisms: Texts in Contexts 3561:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership 3374:relationships using the social concept of " 3253:, whereas Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau use 2236:plays a crucial part in East Asian culture. 2070:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1446:used in Chinese and East Asian calligraphy. 582: 559: 9339: 9325: 8549: 8535: 8448: 7870: 7711:Korea and Vietnam: the Bilateral Relations 7625:"How Japan Imagines China and Sees Itself" 6579:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5319:, Worldview Publications, pp. 65–79, 4925: 4916: 4532: 4163: 2624:Numbers in Chinese and Sinoxenic languages 1980: 9035:China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit 8212:The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press 8184:, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 8135:. East Asia Program, Cornell University. 7757: 6988: 6448: 6207: 6189: 6148: 6138: 6068: 6058: 5919: 5867: 5634:"World Religions and the Vegetarian Diet" 5501: 5483: 5058: 5031: 5004: 4889: 4862: 4270: 3466:the US only lifted its embargo on Vietnam 3451:of Southeast Asia, particularly Vietnam. 3432:experienced what has become known as the 3073:ethnic minorities in northeastern China) 2699:: spoken mainly in what is today Taiwan, 2090:Learn how and when to remove this message 863:world, which indicates regions where the 87:Learn how and when to remove this message 8393: 8332: 8309: 7898:"Japan and Vietnam § Early Associations" 7622: 7449: 7310: 6599:. Hogeschool van Amsterdam. p. 69. 6251: 6231:Blench, Roger; Spriggs, Matthew (2003). 5782: 5631: 5367: 5343: 5331: 5307: 5301: 5175: 5166: 5118: 4963:(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996; 4291: 4264: 4237: 4092: 3479: 3208: 3194: 2921: 2627: 2619: 2452:. In recent years, Christianity, mainly 2239: 2228: 2154: 1883: 1385: 1374: 1100:; 'sphere', 'circle', 'range', 'radius') 901:for bureaucracy and communications, and 791: 8431:Old Japanese: A Phonetic Reconstruction 8104:International Journal of Korean History 7286:Center for Economic and Policy Research 6785:"Vietnamese Culture - Business Culture" 6735:"Understanding the concept of 'guanxi'" 6710:"Korean business culture and etiquette" 5604: 5421:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 5388: 5122:How to Prepare for the AP World History 5014:A Geography of Russia and Its Neighbors 4244:Billé, Franck; Urbansky, Sören (2018). 4196: 4194: 3590:economies are respectively the world's 3145:Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture 2255:(bureaucrats) for East Asian dynasties. 2124:The most important text in Taoism, the 986:(1919–1998), professor emeritus at the 773:question marks, boxes, or other symbols 14: 10161: 9055:East Asian Bureau of Economic Research 8424: 8160: 7967:Vietnam's Foreign Policy under Doi Moi 7960: 7858:The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia 7732:Harrison, Mark; Yim, Sung Vin (2017). 7703: 7701: 7583: 7445: 7443: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7053:"What Is South Korea's Secret Weapon?" 5963:from the original on 13 November 2018. 5920:McCracken, Brett (24 September 2018). 5414: 5355: 5236:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 2. 4803: 4772:Lee, Lung-Sheng Steven (4 June 2013). 4718: 3924:List of Confucian states and dynasties 2575:Islam is the most popular religion in 1142:'region', 'area' is used. The Chinese 386: 381: 268: 262: 39:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 9320: 8530: 8351: 8290: 8243: 8237:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.33 8128: 8047: 7361: 7279: 6982: 6881: 6668: 6650:"Japanese Culture - Business Culture" 6413: 6411: 5787:. Pew Research Center. Archived from 5752: 5750: 5712: 5706: 5693:Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction 5682: 5549: 5223: 5071:. U of Minnesota Press. p. 124. 4977: 4685: 4660: 4551: 4088: 3899:Chinese influence on Japanese culture 2634:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1283:, 'Chinese-character culture sphere') 1188:texts written by Ryukyuans. Instead, 9417:Post-classical history (Middle Ages) 8477: 8264:Joshua Fogel, "The Sinic World," in 8197: 8179: 8122: 7707: 7669: 7539: 6995:. Taylor & Francis. p. 12. 6964:"Vietnamese Culture - Core Concepts" 6517: 6449:Osterkamp, Sven (30 December 2015), 5741: 5735: 5550:Tseng, Ampere A. (1 February 2020). 5202: 4791: 4556:. National Taiwan University Press. 4324: 4227: 4191: 4159: 4157: 4148: 3879:Adoption of Chinese literary culture 3411: 3317: 2289:and humaneness for other individuals 2068:adding citations to reliable sources 2035: 1880:Adoption of Chinese literary culture 819:, encompasses multiple countries in 43: 8094: 8088: 7698: 7577: 7450:Woodside, Alexander (30 May 2006), 7440: 7399: 7299: 7127: 6675:Timothy Book; Hy V.. Luong (1999). 6523: 6091: 5809: 5256: 5250: 5145: 5095:The Emptiness of Japanese Affluence 4895: 4868: 4771: 4375: 3894:Chinese influence on Korean culture 3719:, and had also practiced a form of 3322: 2579:and has significant communities in 2333: 1298:, which China later re-borrowed as 24: 9386:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 8182:A Sourcebook of Chinese Philosophy 7856:Owen, Norman G., Chandler, David. 7207:My thoughts on Cantonese as a Viet 6938:"Japanese Culture - Core Concepts" 6834: 6547:Zhou, Minglang (24 October 2012). 6468: 6442: 6408: 5747: 5203:Katz, Sandor Ellix (14 May 2012). 4696:10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0028 4098: 2917: 2409: 1806:is a form of traditional dance in 1058:under the influence of a country. 25: 10235: 8510: 8312:"Introduction: What is East Asia" 5257:Kim, Kwang-Ok (1 February 2015). 4518:. Association for Asian Studies. 4154: 3919:List of tributary states of China 3533:Shanghai Cooperation Organization 1509:(kung fu; Chinese martial arts); 182:Chinese character cultural sphere 9219:Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute 8631: 8521:Weatherhead East Asian Institute 8041: 8015: 7989: 7954: 7929: 7850: 7824: 7799: 7774: 7725: 7616: 7552: 7533: 7486: 7393: 7355: 7344: 7280:Baker, Dean (26 December 2020). 7273: 7247: 7221: 7198: 7173: 7147: 7121: 7095: 7070: 7050: 7044: 6956: 6930: 6092:Fox, James (19–20 August 2004). 5756: 5662:Religion in global civil society 5446:education.nationalgeographic.org 5182:. Oxford Symposium. p. 22. 5119:McCannon, John (February 2002). 4719:Takacs, Sarolta (4 March 2015). 4661:Elman, Benjamin A., ed. (2014). 4206:(Rowman & Littlefield, 2002 4166:"The Sinic World in Perspective" 3991:History of Japan–Korea relations 3852: 3838: 3824: 3810: 3796: 3782: 3768: 3754: 3740: 3620:history of Japan–Korea relations 2926:Writing systems around the world 2420:is the most popular religion in 2106:. It follows the search for the 2040: 1312:, the Sinosphere along with the 753: 113: 48: 7708:Park, Joon-woo (2 March 2012). 7584:Kelley, Liam C. (1 July 2012). 7128:Abe, Naoki (12 February 2010). 6875: 6828: 6803: 6777: 6752: 6727: 6702: 6613: 6587: 6540: 6491: 6382:Ratliff, Martha Susan. (2010). 6375: 6342: 6309: 6276: 6224: 6165: 6114: 6085: 6026: 5967: 5939: 5913: 5887: 5861: 5850: 5803: 5625: 5598: 5543: 5518: 5459: 5434: 5408: 5382: 5373: 5275: 5196: 5139: 5112: 5085: 5017:. Guilford Press. p. 132. 4954: 4841: 4824: 4797: 4765: 4739: 4712: 4679: 4654: 4627: 4600: 4573: 4552:Huang, Chun-chieh, ed. (2015). 4504: 4479: 4454: 4445: 4420: 4369: 4318: 4046: 4029: 3715:also shared close relations to 2932:Writing systems of the Far East 2645:Languages and language families 2374:began to develop as indigenous 2224: 1961:are the authoritative books of 1220: 1209: 1190: 1168: 1148:is translated in Vietnamese as 1042: 1003:, 'East Asian Cultural Sphere') 471: 438: 415: 377: 354: 324: 294: 9166:EAFF E-1 Football Championship 9141:East Asian Football Federation 8373:The Origins of Higher Learning 7499:Journal of Conflict Resolution 6811:"Business culture in Viet Nam" 6621:"Japanese Business Structures" 6349:Shibatani, Masayoshi. (1990). 5632:Davidson, Jo Ann (Fall 2003). 5556:Journal of Religion and Health 5125:. Barrons Educational Series. 4610:Atlas of the World's Languages 4382:. Hong Kong University Press. 4059: 3353: 2185:Buddhism in the Sinosphere or 1926:Vernacular or standard Chinese 1155: 1132: 1117: 955: 725: 702: 638: 615: 258: 235: 212: 13: 1: 9214:Journal of East Asian Studies 9151:East Asian Judo Championships 8998:East Asia Climate Partnership 8556: 7672:Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7590:Journal of Vietnamese Studies 7311:Henshall, Kenneth G. (2004). 6882:Cheng, Stephen K. K. (1990). 6853:10.1080/03057240.2016.1168736 5783:Analysis (19 December 2011). 5526:"Death and Dying in Buddhism" 5011:Michail S. Blinnikov (2011). 4688:Historical Writing Since 1945 4164:Reischauer, Edwin O. (1974). 4070: 4016:South Korea–Vietnam relations 4011:North Korea–Vietnam relations 3475: 3445:Japanese growth has stagnated 1873: 1743: 1428:architecture of ancient China 1353:American political scientist 1261:proposed. Japanese historian 960:Ancient China was one of the 529: 156: 133: 9237:Horses in East Asian warfare 8780:other ethnic groups in China 7362:Lewis, Michael, ed. (2017). 6989:Aiko Ikeo (4 January 2002). 6528:(in Chinese). Yazhou Zhoukan 6191:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068 6140:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030247 5209:. Chelsea Green Publishing. 4902:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 188. 4875:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 154. 4075: 3601: 3163:ethnic minorities in China) 3009:ethnic minorities in China) 2975:ethnic minorities in China) 2888:-inspired characters called 2612:religions and philosophies. 2458:Catholic (or Roman Catholic) 1959:Four Books and Five Classics 1225: 1214: 1195: 1178: 1024: 7: 7464:10.4159/9780674045347-intro 7130:"Japan's Shrinking Economy" 7107:Australian Financial Review 6384:Hmong-Mien language history 5044:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 32. 4751:National Geographic Society 4586:. Oxford University Press. 4001:Japan–North Korea relations 3996:Japan–South Korea relations 3986:China–North Korea relations 3981:China–South Korea relations 3733: 3337:interpersonal relationships 2615: 2245:Temple of Literature, Hanoi 2150: 1847: 1685: 1579:, have influenced those of 1571:Chinese musical instruments 1296:, 'Chinese culture sphere') 1237: 1105: 1090: 1075: 992: 831:. The Sinosphere comprises 32:Sinosphere (disambiguation) 10: 10240: 10204:Foreign relations of China 10053:Asia and the Pacific Group 9291:Needham Research Institute 9199:East Asia Image Collection 9194:East Asian Economic Review 8629: 8484:Cambridge University Press 8352:Huang, Chun-chieh (2015). 8310:Holcombe, Charles (2011). 8244:Elman, Benjamin A (2014). 8153: 7902:National Archives of Japan 7641:10.1215/07402775-2006-1002 7026:. Routledge. p. 199. 6841:Journal of Moral Education 6237:. Routledge. p. 203. 5877:East Asian Pastoral Review 5816:Buddhist-Christian Studies 4514:Jeffrey L. Richey (2013). 3395: 3333:Japanese work environments 3069:Korea, China (used by the 2337: 2258: 2247:. Confucian education and 2189:is of or derived from the 2165: 2029: 1984: 1877: 1639: 1633: 1629: 1370: 1360:The Clash of Civilizations 1173: 1085:; 'circle', 'ring', 'pen') 905:became locally adapted as 813:East Asian cultural sphere 179:East Asian cultural sphere 36: 29: 18:East Asian Cultural Sphere 10058:Asia Cooperation Dialogue 10023: 9789:Southern/Eastern/Northern 9764: 9669: 9491: 9442:Asian and Pacific Theatre 9399: 9358: 9281: 9227: 9174: 9126: 9088: 9070:Human rights in East Asia 9021: 8988: 8955:Sino-Xenic pronunciations 8800: 8640: 8564: 8291:Fogel, Joshua A. (2009). 8116:10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.1 7623:Tamamoto, Masaru (2005). 7377:10.1057/978-1-137-54103-1 6900:10.3109/00048679009062907 6100:ANU Research Publications 5996:10.1038/s41586-019-1153-z 5868:N. V. Hai, Peter (2012). 5717:. Westport, Connecticut: 5568:10.1007/s10943-017-0511-0 5485:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626122 4984:William E. Davis (2006). 4339:10.1017/S0305741000032380 4271:Christian, David (2018). 4232:Denecke & Nguyen 2017 3291:Vietnam used to write in 3186: 3143:Singapore, China (Tibet, 2390:were integrated into the 2325: 2319: 2305: 2299: 2281: 2217:is also present for more 2025: 1918:Sino-Xenic pronunciations 1679: 1563:(Vietnamese martial arts) 1551:(Japanese martial arts); 1320:Comparisons with the West 1292: 1279: 1242: 1204: 1200: 1144: 1111: 1096: 1080: 999: 938: 915: 745: 718: 695: 690: 686: 663: 658: 631: 608: 603: 599: 576: 553: 548: 522: 496: 491: 461: 454: 431: 405: 398: 370: 347: 340: 317: 310: 287: 280: 251: 228: 205: 198: 193: 189: 172: 149: 126: 121: 112: 108: 103: 8492:10.1017/CBO9781139161855 8180:Chan, Wing-tsit (1963), 7877:Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric 7511:10.1177/0022002718772345 7159:South China Morning Post 6835:Li, Jin (2 April 2016). 6436:10.1515/glochi-2019-0027 6283:DeFrancis, John (1977). 5605:Kapleau, Philip (1986). 5146:Pan, Lu (22 June 2015). 4832:Sinophone and Sinosphere 4533:Ching-I Tu, ed. (2010). 4224:Lowe & Yasuhara 2016 4145:Lowe & Yasuhara 2016 4022: 3874:Sinosphere (linguistics) 3693:can become very fraught. 3528:Belt and Road Initiative 3434:Miracle on the Han River 3389:tension to simmer down. 3295:(Chinese characters) in 2675:the varieties of Chinese 2400:Vietnamese folk religion 2370:Elsewhere in East Asia, 1768:) (Chinese and Manchu); 1348:Greco-Roman civilization 936:, and Vietnam developed 670: 583: 560: 503: 128:Traditional Chinese 10179:Country classifications 9156:East Asian martial arts 9103:Archaeological cultures 8333:—— (2001). 8198:Choi, JungBong (2010). 7078:"South Korea's Chaebol" 6386:. Pacific Linguistics. 6060:10.1073/pnas.1817972116 5713:Huang, Siu-Chi (1999). 5666:Oxford University Press 5472:Frontiers in Psychology 5176:Davidson, Alan (1981). 5065:Hugh Gusterson (2004). 4427:Kang, David C. (2012). 4111:Frontiers in Psychology 4006:Japan–Vietnam relations 3971:China–Vietnam relations 3929:Little China (ideology) 3517:Chinese economic reform 3275:Korea used to write in 3205:from Chinese characters 2705:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2402:contributed to shaping 2382:. Similar to Japan, in 1991:East Asian philosophies 1981:Philosophy and religion 1521:(Korean martial arts); 1397: 1391:Great Wave off Kanagawa 1272:coined the expressions 1207:would be translated as 962:cradles of civilization 932:scripts, Korea created 809:Chinese cultural sphere 151:Simplified Chinese 9469:Middle Eastern Theatre 9447:Middle Eastern Theatre 9366:Cradle of civilization 9283:Science and technology 9267:The Book of Five Rings 9161:East Asian Youth Games 8523:, Columbia University. 8048:Chung, Jae Ho (2012). 7692:10.1525/vs.2014.9.1.62 7684:10.1525/vs.2014.9.1.62 7602:10.1525/vs.2012.7.2.87 7400:Kim, Ji Young (2014). 6625:World Business Culture 6351:The languages of Japan 6316:Sohn, Ho-min. (1999). 4896:Sun, Lung-kee (2002). 4869:Sun, Lung-kee (2002). 4537:. Rutgers University. 4376:Hee, Wai-Siam (2019). 4054: 3647: 3500: 3426:US military occupation 3335:place a high value on 3270:Chinese cursive script 3264:but has also invented 3239: 3206: 3173:Uyghur Arabic alphabet 2927: 2641: 2625: 2398:, which together with 2256: 2237: 2163: 1905: 1888:The first line of the 1646:List of Chinese dishes 1394: 1383: 1247: 1150: 1138: 1127: 1054:, in the sense of the 952:and social doctrines. 800: 761:This article contains 358:Dung1aa3 man4faa3hyun1 9694:Vietnamese philosophy 9432:Industrial Revolution 8566:Countries and regions 8478:Wang, Edward (2015). 8410:10.1353/lan.1990.0035 8266:Ainslie Thomas Embree 8066:10.1353/apr.2012.0008 7811:www.lowyinstitute.org 7786:www.lowyinstitute.org 7418:10.1353/apr.2014.0001 7328:10.1057/9780230502925 6451:"Sino-Xenic Readings" 6287:. The Hague: Mouton. 5785:"Global Christianity" 5415:Hansen, Chad (2024), 5038:Lung-kee Sun (2002). 4640:. Walter de Gruyter. 3976:China–Japan relations 3889:Sino-xenic vocabulary 3483: 3464:reforms in 1986, and 3402:Industrial Revolution 3384:historical status as 3362:), or their juniors ( 3286:Sino-Korean loanwords 3251:simplified characters 3212: 3198: 3124:), still used by the 2925: 2679:the Tibetic languages 2631: 2623: 2404:Vietnamese philosophy 2249:imperial examinations 2243: 2232: 2158: 1890:Analects of Confucius 1887: 1389: 1378: 795: 478:Háng-cê ùng-huá-kuŏng 475:Dĕ̤ng Ā ùng-huá-kuŏng 361:Hon3zi6 man4faa3hyun1 10224:Spheres of influence 10199:Culture of East Asia 9306:Traditional medicine 9204:East Asia Law Review 9060:East Asian Community 8750:Indigenous Taiwanese 8231:. pp. 510–532. 8161:Ankerl, Guy (2000). 7629:World Policy Journal 7313:"A History of Japan" 7233:World Economic Forum 5954:STATISTICS SINGAPORE 5926:The Gospel Coalition 5810:Lai, Whalen (1992). 5719:Greenwood Publishing 5389:Willett-Wei, Megan. 4804:Handel, Zev (2019). 3556:East Asian Community 3027:Xiandai Hanyu Cidian 2912:Sino-Xenic languages 2486:French colonial rule 2476:is more popular. In 2345:Mid-Imperial Chinese 2285:): an obligation of 2064:improve this section 1987:East Asian religions 1930:varieties of Chinese 1355:Samuel P. Huntington 1215:kanjii tiigata nu yu 807:, also known as the 610:Revised Romanization 513:Vùng văn hóa chữ Hán 445:Hàn-jī bûn-huà-khuan 422:Hàn-jī bûn-hòa-khoan 419:Tang-a bûn-hòa-khoan 239:ㄉㄨㄥㄧㄚˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄢ 10174:Chinese nationalism 9724:Buddhist philosophy 9684:Japanese philosophy 9427:Early modern period 8731:Khalkha in Mongolia 8434:. RoutledgeCurzon. 8129:Huang, Pei (2011). 8095:Yun, Peter (2016). 8001:Mainichi Daily News 7881:"Abe no Nakamaro, " 7750:10.1017/mdh.2017.35 7719:Stanford University 7235:. 11 September 2018 6505:. 26 September 2013 6318:The Korean language 6051:2019PNAS..11610317S 6045:(21): 10317–10322. 5988:2019Natur.569..112Z 5791:on 26 December 2018 5763:read.dukeupress.edu 5658:Juergensmeyer, Mark 5152:. Intellect Books. 4388:10.2307/j.ctvx1hwmg 4327:The China Quarterly 3914:I Ching's influence 3651:in Vietnamese, the 3512:in Southeast Asia. 3449:Tiger Cub Economies 3436:, with the rise of 3346:family governed by 3255:Traditional Chinese 3159:China (used by the 3051:Tâi-lô Latin script 3005:China (used by the 2971:China (used by the 2934: 2566:Hinduism in Vietnam 2460:, as well as other 2372:Japanese philosophy 2187:East Asian Buddhism 2168:East Asian Buddhism 2139:) and spontaneity ( 1949:textual scholarship 1902:Korean mixed script 1776:Vietnamese clothing 1615:Vietnamese clothing 1497:(Vietnamese comics) 1485:(Japanese comics), 1343:Edwin O. Reischauer 1226:too-a tiigata nu yu 1151:Vùng văn hóa Á Đông 1056:sphere of influence 988:University of Tokyo 975:Japanese historian 946:Vietnamese alphabet 897:became the written 510:Vùng văn hóa Đông Á 507:Vùng văn hóa Á Đông 498:Vietnamese alphabet 442:Tang-a bûn-huà-khua 331:Hon-sṳ vùn-fa-khiên 328:Tûng-â vùn-fa-khiên 301:hoe-zr ven-ho-chioe 298:ton-ia ven-ho-chioe 242:ㄏㄢˋ ㄗˋ ㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄑㄩㄢ 10219:Culture of Vietnam 10108:EAEU Customs Union 10038:Arab Customs Union 9960:Oriental Orthodoxy 9734:Islamic philosophy 9704:Iranian philosophy 9679:Chinese philosophy 9209:East Asian studies 8905:Hip-and-gable roof 8900:Chinese characters 8517:Asia for Educators 8486:. pp. 67–92. 8426:Miyake, Marc Hideo 8029:. 6 September 2023 7884:Japan Encyclopedia 7860:(p. 107). , 2005. 7452:"Lost Modernities" 7161:. 28 February 2017 5901:. 22 November 2019 4838:, 8 November 2012. 4753:. 9 September 2020 3832:South Korea portal 3818:North Korea portal 3501: 3487:nations, of which 3454:The impact of the 3268:, inspired by the 3243:Chinese characters 3240: 3207: 3140:of Indian origin) 3101:Mongolia*, China ( 2953:and its variants) 2930: 2928: 2709:Formosan languages 2642: 2626: 2593:Islam in Hong Kong 2548:In places such as 2380:Chinese philosophy 2257: 2238: 2164: 1937:woodblock printing 1906: 1900:, while Korean in 1650:Vietnamese cuisine 1636:East Asian cuisine 1489:(Chinese comics), 1395: 1384: 1380:Imperial City, Huế 1331:A Study of History 1324:British historian 1309:A Study of History 1164:Ryukyuan languages 1009:, the religion of 990:, coined the term 968:settlers from the 903:Chinese characters 891:Chinese inventions 801: 216:Dōngyà wénhuà quān 67:You can assist by 10156: 10155: 9955:Eastern Orthodoxy 9699:Indian philosophy 9689:Korean philosophy 9483:Post–Cold War era 9314: 9313: 9065:Four Asian Tigers 8441:978-0-415-30575-4 8302:978-0-674-03259-0 8250:. Leiden: Brill. 8191:978-0-691-07137-4 8172:978-2-88155-004-1 8054:Asian Perspective 8003:. 26 October 2023 7976:978-981-4818-15-5 7473:978-0-674-04534-7 7406:Asian Perspective 7386:978-1-137-54102-4 7337:978-1-4039-1272-5 7261:. 15 October 2020 7033:978-0-415-10479-1 7002:978-0-203-02704-2 6739:Asialink Business 6714:Asialink Business 6688:978-0-472-08598-9 6606:978-90-79646-17-3 6524:林友順 (June 2009). 5982:(7754): 112–115. 5675:978-0-19-518835-6 5530:www.bristol.ac.uk 5358:, pp. 98–99. 5346:, pp. 66–67. 5326:978-81-920651-1-3 5289:. 20 January 2010 5287:Travelthruhistory 5243:978-1-78254-334-3 5216:978-1-60358-364-0 5189:978-0-907325-07-9 5159:978-1-78320-453-3 5105:978-1-315-49935-2 5078:978-0-8166-3860-4 5051:978-0-7656-0826-0 5024:978-1-60623-933-9 4997:978-0-7618-3248-5 4909:978-0-7656-0826-0 4882:978-0-7656-3936-3 4817:978-90-04-35222-3 4794:, pp. 67–92. 4747:"Huang He Valley" 4732:978-1-317-45572-1 4705:978-0-199-22599-6 4672:978-9-004-27927-8 4647:978-3-110-34701-2 4620:978-1-317-85108-0 4593:978-0-199-35659-1 4563:978-3-847-10408-7 4544:978-0-615-38932-5 4525:978-0-924-30473-6 4497:978-1-604-97987-9 4472:978-1-604-97990-9 4438:978-0-231-15319-5 4397:978-9-888-52803-5 4311:978-0-190-46016-7 4284:978-0-631-21038-2 4257:978-0-824-87601-2 4212:978-0-7425-1768-4 4124:978-2-832-52952-2 4037:regional hegemony 3443:Since the 1990s, 3418:Four Asian Tigers 3412:Postwar economies 3406:Meiji Restoration 3318:Economy and trade 3297:Classical Chinese 3260:Japan still uses 3193: 3192: 3189: 3122:Dongxing, Guangxi 3120:Vietnam*, China ( 3055:Taiwanese Hokkien 2570:Hinduism in China 2525:Roman Catholicism 2482:Roman Catholicism 2384:Korean philosophy 2191:Mahayana Buddhism 2100: 2099: 2092: 1894:Classical Chinese 1859:Meiji Restoration 1824:Zhōngguó Xīn Nián 1662:Taiwanese cuisine 1493:(Korean comics), 1474:Vietnamese cinema 1326:Arnold J. Toynbee 1015:Classical Chinese 769:rendering support 749: 748: 741: 740: 654: 653: 645:Hancha Munhwakwŏn 642:Tong'a Munhwakwŏn 633:McCune–Reischauer 619:Dong-a Munhwagwon 487: 486: 219:Hànzì wénhuà quān 200:Standard Mandarin 97: 96: 89: 16:(Redirected from 10231: 10214:Culture of Korea 10209:Culture of Japan 10184:Cultural regions 9975:Eastern Churches 9719:Hindu philosophy 9341: 9334: 9327: 9318: 9317: 9249:Miyamoto Musashi 9146:East Asian Games 9118:Former countries 9050:East Asia Summit 8880:Chinese knotting 8635: 8551: 8544: 8537: 8528: 8527: 8505: 8474: 8463:10.2307/20038053 8445: 8421: 8390: 8367: 8348: 8329: 8306: 8261: 8240: 8223: 8194: 8176: 8147: 8146: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8101: 8092: 8086: 8085: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8019: 8013: 8012: 8010: 8008: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7983: 7958: 7952: 7951: 7949: 7947: 7933: 7927: 7926: 7920: 7912: 7910: 7908: 7893: 7887: 7874: 7868: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7845: 7843: 7828: 7822: 7821: 7819: 7817: 7803: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7778: 7772: 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75–77 5330: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5227: 5221: 5220: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5173: 5164: 5163: 5143: 5137: 5136: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5089: 5083: 5082: 5062: 5056: 5055: 5035: 5029: 5028: 5008: 5002: 5001: 4981: 4975: 4958: 4952: 4951: 4940:10.2307/20038053 4923: 4914: 4913: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4866: 4860: 4845: 4839: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4801: 4795: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4780: 4769: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4743: 4737: 4736: 4716: 4710: 4709: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4548: 4529: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4458: 4452: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4373: 4367: 4366: 4333:(136): 907–925. 4322: 4316: 4315: 4295: 4289: 4288: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4241: 4235: 4221: 4215: 4198: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4184: 4161: 4152: 4142: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4131: 4102: 4096: 4086: 4064: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4044: 4041:Muromachi period 4033: 3939:Celestial Empire 3904:Ryukyuan culture 3862: 3857: 3856: 3848: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3814: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3800: 3799: 3792: 3790:Hong Kong portal 3787: 3786: 3785: 3778: 3773: 3772: 3771: 3764: 3759: 3758: 3757: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3650: 3580:overseas Chinese 3551:East Asia Summit 3542:ASEAN Plus Three 3497:overseas Chinese 3357: 3323:Business culture 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3187: 3087:Mongolian script 2935: 2933: 2929: 2901:Literary Chinese 2663:Christmas Island 2652:Literary Chinese 2605:Islam in Vietnam 2392:neo-Confucianism 2355:, Buddhism from 2349:neo-Confucianism 2340:Neo-Confucianism 2334:Neo-Confucianism 2328: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2308: 2307: 2302: 2301: 2284: 2283: 2095: 2088: 2084: 2081: 2075: 2044: 2036: 1910:Literary Chinese 1855:Western New Year 1852: 1740:, among others. 1693:), and Vietnam ( 1688: 1682: 1681: 1654:Japanese cuisine 1458:Taiwanese cinema 1454:Hong Kong cinema 1346:Asia to that of 1297: 1295: 1294: 1284: 1282: 1281: 1271: 1252: 1244: 1240: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1193: 1192: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1158: 1157: 1153: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1134: 1130: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1099: 1098: 1093: 1084: 1078: 1044: 1035:is derived from 1004: 1002: 1001: 995: 985: 943: 942: 920: 919: 895:Literary Chinese 865:Chinese language 857:overseas Chinese 775: instead of 757: 756: 737: 736: 714: 713: 688: 687: 650: 649: 627: 626: 622:Hanja Munhwagwon 601: 600: 483: 482: 450: 449: 427: 426: 394: 393: 389: 384: 366: 365: 336: 335: 306: 305: 276: 275: 271: 265: 247: 246: 224: 223: 191: 190: 117: 101: 100: 92: 85: 81: 78: 72: 52: 51: 44: 21: 10239: 10238: 10234: 10233: 10232: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10169:Chinese culture 10159: 10158: 10157: 10152: 10025: 10019: 9760: 9729:Jain philosophy 9709:Buddhist ethics 9665: 9487: 9454:Interwar period 9407:Ancient history 9395: 9354: 9345: 9315: 9310: 9277: 9223: 9170: 9122: 9084: 9080:Stock exchanges 9017: 8984: 8796: 8636: 8627: 8560: 8555: 8513: 8508: 8502: 8451:Foreign Affairs 8442: 8387: 8364: 8345: 8326: 8303: 8286:EBSCOhost Login 8258: 8192: 8173: 8156: 8151: 8150: 8143: 8127: 8123: 8099: 8093: 8089: 8046: 8042: 8032: 8030: 8027:East Asia Forum 8021: 8020: 8016: 8006: 8004: 7995: 7994: 7990: 7981: 7979: 7977: 7959: 7955: 7945: 7943: 7941:thediplomat.com 7935: 7934: 7930: 7914: 7913: 7906: 7904: 7894: 7890: 7875: 7871: 7855: 7851: 7841: 7839: 7830: 7829: 7825: 7815: 7813: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7790: 7788: 7780: 7779: 7775: 7730: 7726: 7714: 7706: 7699: 7668: 7664: 7621: 7617: 7582: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7564:thediplomat.com 7558: 7557: 7553: 7538: 7534: 7491: 7487: 7478: 7476: 7474: 7448: 7441: 7398: 7394: 7387: 7368: 7360: 7356: 7349: 7345: 7338: 7315: 7309: 7300: 7290: 7288: 7278: 7274: 7264: 7262: 7253: 7252: 7248: 7238: 7236: 7227: 7226: 7222: 7213: 7211: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7189: 7187: 7179: 7178: 7174: 7164: 7162: 7153: 7152: 7148: 7138: 7136: 7126: 7122: 7112: 7110: 7101: 7100: 7096: 7086: 7084: 7076: 7075: 7071: 7061: 7059: 7049: 7045: 7034: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6987: 6983: 6973: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6936: 6935: 6931: 6880: 6876: 6833: 6829: 6819: 6817: 6815:my.nzte.govt.nz 6809: 6808: 6804: 6794: 6792: 6783: 6782: 6778: 6768: 6766: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6743: 6741: 6733: 6732: 6728: 6718: 6716: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6673: 6669: 6659: 6657: 6648: 6647: 6640: 6630: 6628: 6619: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6593: 6592: 6588: 6572: 6571: 6559: 6545: 6541: 6531: 6529: 6522: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6483: 6481: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6460: 6458: 6447: 6443: 6416: 6409: 6394: 6380: 6376: 6361: 6347: 6343: 6328: 6314: 6310: 6295: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6257: 6256: 6252: 6245: 6229: 6225: 6184:(4): e1005068. 6170: 6166: 6119: 6115: 6090: 6086: 6031: 6027: 5972: 5968: 5960: 5949: 5945: 5944: 5940: 5930: 5928: 5918: 5914: 5904: 5902: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5872: 5866: 5862: 5855: 5851: 5828:10.2307/1389952 5808: 5804: 5794: 5792: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5765: 5755: 5748: 5740: 5736: 5729: 5711: 5707: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5655: 5651: 5630: 5626: 5619: 5603: 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Affairs 4162: 4155: 4143: 4139: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4103: 4099: 4087: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4052:In Vietnamese, 4051: 4047: 4034: 4030: 4025: 4020: 3884:Sinophone world 3860:Politics portal 3858: 3851: 3844: 3839: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3823: 3816: 3811: 3809: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3788: 3783: 3781: 3774: 3769: 3767: 3760: 3755: 3753: 3746: 3739: 3736: 3713:Northeast China 3604: 3576:Southeast Asian 3478: 3414: 3398: 3325: 3320: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3229: 3225: 3224: 3220: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3199:Development of 3138:Brahmic scripts 2938:Writing system 2931: 2920: 2918:Writing systems 2689:, north of the 2667:northeast India 2647: 2618: 2521:Presbyterianism 2412: 2410:Other religions 2342: 2336: 2263: 2227: 2205:in relation to 2170: 2153: 2096: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2061: 2045: 2034: 2028: 1997: 1995:Three teachings 1985:Main articles: 1983: 1882: 1876: 1867:Ryukyuan people 1808:Chinese culture 1746: 1664: 1642:Chinese cuisine 1638: 1632: 1466:Japanese cinema 1400: 1373: 1322: 1289: 1287:Chuka bunka ken 1276: 1274:Kanji bunka ken 1265: 1263:Nishijima Sadao 1259:Wilhelm Schmidt 1027: 996: 979: 977:Nishijima Sadao 958: 829:Chinese culture 797:Chinese dragons 790: 789: 788: 767:Without proper 758: 754: 735: 712: 697:Revised Hepburn 682: 681: 680: 648: 625: 595: 594: 593: 572: 571: 570: 544: 543: 542: 518: 517: 516: 492:Vietnamese name 481: 448: 425: 392: 364: 334: 304: 274: 245: 222: 185: 173:Literal meaning 168: 167: 166: 145: 144: 143: 93: 82: 76: 73: 66: 53: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10237: 10227: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10194:Southeast Asia 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10154: 10153: 10151: 10150: 10145: 10140: 10135: 10130: 10125: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10105: 10100: 10098:Easternization 10095: 10090: 10085: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10035: 10029: 10027: 10021: 10020: 10018: 10017: 10016: 10015: 10010: 10009: 10008: 10003: 9993: 9992: 9991: 9981: 9980: 9979: 9978: 9977: 9972: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9951: 9950: 9935: 9934: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9908: 9907: 9906: 9901: 9899:Zoroastrianism 9891: 9890: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9869: 9864: 9854: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9842: 9841: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9810: 9809: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9792: 9791: 9770: 9768: 9762: 9761: 9759: 9758: 9757: 9756: 9751: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9726: 9721: 9716: 9714:Islamic ethics 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9675: 9673: 9667: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9647: 9646: 9641: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9555: 9550: 9549: 9548: 9543: 9538: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9513: 9508: 9497: 9495: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9485: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9456: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9444: 9434: 9429: 9419: 9414: 9409: 9403: 9401: 9397: 9396: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9373: 9368: 9362: 9360: 9356: 9355: 9344: 9343: 9336: 9329: 9321: 9312: 9311: 9309: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9287: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9276: 9275: 9270: 9263: 9260:The Art of War 9256: 9251: 9246: 9239: 9233: 9231: 9225: 9224: 9222: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9196: 9191: 9186: 9180: 9178: 9172: 9171: 9169: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9132: 9130: 9124: 9123: 9121: 9120: 9115: 9110: 9105: 9100: 9094: 9092: 9086: 9085: 9083: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9031: 9029: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8994: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8980:Chinese zodiac 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8885:Chinese dragon 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8845:Blepharoplasty 8842: 8841: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8817: 8812: 8806: 8804: 8798: 8797: 8795: 8794: 8793: 8792: 8787: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8734: 8733: 8728: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8669: 8664: 8663: 8662: 8652: 8646: 8644: 8638: 8637: 8630: 8628: 8626: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8604: 8603: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8586: 8581: 8570: 8568: 8562: 8561: 8554: 8553: 8546: 8539: 8531: 8525: 8524: 8512: 8511:External links 8509: 8507: 8506: 8500: 8475: 8457:(2): 341–348. 8446: 8440: 8422: 8404:(1): 106–120. 8391: 8385: 8368: 8362: 8349: 8344:978-0824824150 8343: 8330: 8325:978-0521731645 8324: 8307: 8301: 8288: 8262: 8257:978-9004279278 8256: 8241: 8224: 8195: 8190: 8177: 8171: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8141: 8121: 8087: 8060:(2): 219–236. 8040: 8014: 7988: 7975: 7953: 7928: 7888: 7869: 7849: 7823: 7798: 7773: 7744:(3): 401–423. 7724: 7697: 7662: 7615: 7576: 7551: 7532: 7505:(4): 896–922. 7485: 7472: 7439: 7392: 7385: 7354: 7343: 7336: 7298: 7272: 7246: 7220: 7197: 7172: 7146: 7120: 7094: 7069: 7043: 7032: 7008: 7001: 6981: 6968:Cultural Atlas 6955: 6942:Cultural Atlas 6929: 6894:(4): 510–515. 6874: 6847:(2): 147–165. 6827: 6802: 6789:Cultural Atlas 6776: 6751: 6726: 6701: 6687: 6667: 6656:. January 2021 6654:Cultural Atlas 6638: 6627:. 31 July 2019 6612: 6605: 6586: 6557: 6539: 6516: 6490: 6480:, 24 June 2017 6467: 6441: 6407: 6392: 6374: 6359: 6341: 6326: 6308: 6293: 6275: 6250: 6243: 6223: 6164: 6113: 6084: 6025: 5966: 5938: 5912: 5886: 5860: 5849: 5802: 5775: 5746: 5744:, p. 460. 5734: 5727: 5705: 5681: 5674: 5668:. p. 70. 5649: 5624: 5617: 5597: 5562:(1): 598–613. 5542: 5517: 5458: 5433: 5407: 5381: 5372: 5360: 5348: 5336: 5325: 5309:Kornicki, P.F. 5300: 5274: 5267: 5249: 5242: 5222: 5215: 5195: 5188: 5165: 5158: 5138: 5131: 5111: 5104: 5084: 5077: 5057: 5050: 5030: 5023: 5003: 4996: 4976: 4953: 4934:(2): 341–348. 4915: 4908: 4888: 4881: 4861: 4840: 4823: 4816: 4796: 4784: 4764: 4738: 4731: 4711: 4704: 4678: 4671: 4653: 4646: 4626: 4619: 4599: 4592: 4572: 4569: 4568: 4562: 4549: 4543: 4530: 4524: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4478: 4471: 4453: 4444: 4437: 4419: 4396: 4368: 4317: 4310: 4290: 4283: 4263: 4256: 4236: 4216: 4190: 4153: 4137: 4123: 4097: 4080: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4045: 4027: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3934:Chinese Empire 3931: 3926: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3865: 3864: 3863: 3849: 3846:Vietnam portal 3835: 3821: 3807: 3793: 3779: 3765: 3751: 3748:Society portal 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3729: 3728: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3688: 3624: 3603: 3600: 3564: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3535: 3530: 3491:is a part of. 3477: 3474: 3413: 3410: 3397: 3394: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3191: 3190: 3184: 3183: 3176: 3165: 3164: 3157: 3154:Pollard script 3149: 3148: 3141: 3130: 3129: 3118: 3107: 3106: 3103:Inner Mongolia 3099: 3091: 3090: 3083: 3075: 3074: 3067: 3059: 3058: 3043: 3032: 3031: 3022: 3015:Semi-syllabary 3011: 3010: 3003: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2977: 2976: 2969: 2966:Dongba symbols 2958: 2957: 2954: 2943: 2942: 2939: 2919: 2916: 2873: 2872: 2862: 2844: 2830: 2812: 2786: 2768: 2754: 2728: 2694: 2646: 2643: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2608: 2601:Islam in Korea 2597:Islam in Japan 2589:Islam in China 2558: 2557: 2546: 2543: 2540:Roman Catholic 2528: 2523:, followed by 2519:, most follow 2513: 2498:mainland China 2426:mainland China 2411: 2408: 2386:, elements of 2338:Main article: 2335: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2310: 2290: 2259:Main article: 2226: 2223: 2166:Main article: 2152: 2149: 2098: 2097: 2048: 2046: 2039: 2030:Main article: 2027: 2024: 2001:The Art of War 1982: 1979: 1922:Middle Chinese 1878:Main article: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1870: 1836:Tết Nguyên Đán 1816: 1813:Lunar New Year 1797: 1778:(Vietnamese); 1745: 1742: 1658:Korean cuisine 1634:Main article: 1631: 1628: 1627: 1626: 1621:all use silk. 1600: 1564: 1498: 1476: 1462:Chinese cinema 1447: 1431: 1399: 1396: 1372: 1369: 1341:and historian 1321: 1318: 1255:Fritz Graebner 1233:Victor H. Mair 1229:respectively. 1123: 1122: 1101: 1086: 1026: 1023: 957: 954: 913:in Korea, and 871:Imperial China 825:Southeast Asia 771:, you may see 759: 752: 751: 750: 747: 746: 743: 742: 739: 738: 734: 733: 732:Kanzi Bunkaken 730: 729:Tou-A Bunkaken 726: 722: 716: 715: 711: 710: 709:kanji bunkaken 707: 703: 699: 693: 692: 691:Transcriptions 684: 683: 679: 678: 675: 671: 667: 661: 660: 656: 655: 652: 651: 647: 646: 643: 639: 635: 629: 628: 624: 623: 620: 616: 612: 606: 605: 604:Transcriptions 597: 596: 592: 591: 588: 584: 580: 574: 573: 569: 568: 565: 561: 557: 551: 550: 546: 545: 541: 540: 537: 534: 530: 526: 520: 519: 515: 514: 511: 508: 504: 500: 494: 493: 489: 488: 485: 484: 480: 479: 476: 472: 468: 459: 458: 452: 451: 447: 446: 443: 439: 435: 429: 428: 424: 423: 420: 416: 412: 403: 402: 396: 395: 391: 390: 378: 374: 368: 367: 363: 362: 359: 355: 351: 345: 344: 342:Yue: Cantonese 338: 337: 333: 332: 329: 325: 321: 315: 314: 308: 307: 303: 302: 299: 295: 291: 285: 284: 278: 277: 273: 272: 266: 259: 255: 249: 248: 244: 243: 240: 236: 232: 226: 225: 221: 220: 217: 213: 209: 203: 202: 196: 195: 194:Transcriptions 187: 186: 184: 183: 180: 176: 174: 170: 169: 165: 164: 161: 157: 153: 147: 146: 142: 141: 138: 134: 130: 124: 123: 119: 118: 110: 109: 106: 105: 95: 94: 56: 54: 47: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10236: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10166: 10164: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10139: 10136: 10134: 10131: 10129: 10126: 10124: 10121: 10119: 10116: 10114: 10111: 10109: 10106: 10104: 10101: 10099: 10096: 10094: 10091: 10089: 10086: 10084: 10081: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10039: 10036: 10034: 10031: 10030: 10028: 10022: 10014: 10011: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9998: 9997: 9994: 9990: 9987: 9986: 9985: 9982: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9967: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9941: 9940: 9939: 9936: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9914: 9913: 9912: 9909: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9896: 9895: 9892: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9868: 9865: 9863: 9860: 9859: 9858: 9855: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9815: 9814: 9811: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9767: 9763: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9746: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9725: 9722: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9685: 9682: 9680: 9677: 9676: 9674: 9672: 9668: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9604: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9572: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9551: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9503: 9502: 9499: 9498: 9496: 9494: 9490: 9484: 9481: 9477: 9474: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9461: 9460: 9457: 9455: 9452: 9448: 9445: 9443: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9423: 9422:Modern period 9420: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9398: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9377: 9374: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9363: 9361: 9357: 9353: 9349: 9348:Eastern world 9342: 9337: 9335: 9330: 9328: 9323: 9322: 9319: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9284: 9280: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9268: 9264: 9262: 9261: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9244: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9234: 9232: 9230: 9226: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9185: 9182: 9181: 9179: 9177: 9173: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9129: 9125: 9119: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9109: 9106: 9104: 9101: 9099: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9087: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9024: 9020: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8815:Architecture‎ 8813: 8811: 8810:Age reckoning 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8799: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8782: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8732: 8729: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8722: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8714: 8712: 8709: 8707: 8704: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8685: 8682: 8678: 8675: 8674: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8661: 8658: 8657: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8642:Ethnic groups 8639: 8634: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8602: 8599: 8598: 8597: 8594: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8552: 8547: 8545: 8540: 8538: 8533: 8532: 8529: 8522: 8518: 8515: 8514: 8503: 8501:9781139161855 8497: 8493: 8489: 8485: 8481: 8476: 8472: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8411: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8398: 8392: 8388: 8386:9781315728551 8382: 8378: 8374: 8369: 8365: 8363:9783847104087 8359: 8355: 8350: 8346: 8340: 8336: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8317: 8313: 8308: 8304: 8298: 8294: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8279: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8263: 8259: 8253: 8249: 8248: 8242: 8238: 8234: 8230: 8225: 8221: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8201: 8196: 8193: 8187: 8183: 8178: 8174: 8168: 8164: 8159: 8158: 8144: 8142:9781933947921 8138: 8134: 8133: 8125: 8117: 8113: 8109: 8105: 8098: 8091: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8028: 8024: 8018: 8002: 7998: 7992: 7978: 7972: 7968: 7964: 7957: 7942: 7938: 7932: 7924: 7918: 7903: 7899: 7892: 7885: 7882: 7878: 7873: 7867: 7866:0-8248-2841-0 7863: 7859: 7853: 7838:. 3 July 2023 7837: 7833: 7827: 7812: 7808: 7802: 7787: 7783: 7777: 7769: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7751: 7747: 7743: 7739: 7735: 7728: 7720: 7713: 7712: 7704: 7702: 7693: 7689: 7685: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7666: 7658: 7654: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7626: 7619: 7611: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7596:(2): 87–130. 7595: 7591: 7587: 7580: 7565: 7561: 7555: 7547: 7543: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7475: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7457: 7453: 7446: 7444: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7396: 7388: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7367: 7366: 7358: 7352: 7347: 7339: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7307: 7305: 7303: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7260: 7256: 7250: 7234: 7230: 7224: 7209: 7208: 7201: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7160: 7156: 7150: 7135: 7131: 7124: 7108: 7104: 7098: 7083: 7082:Bloomberg.com 7079: 7073: 7058: 7054: 7051:Pham, Peter. 7047: 7040: 7035: 7029: 7025: 7024: 7015: 7013: 7004: 6998: 6994: 6993: 6985: 6969: 6965: 6959: 6943: 6939: 6933: 6925: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6885: 6878: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6831: 6816: 6812: 6806: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6765: 6761: 6755: 6740: 6736: 6730: 6715: 6711: 6705: 6690: 6684: 6680: 6679: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6645: 6643: 6626: 6622: 6616: 6608: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6590: 6582: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6558:9783110924596 6554: 6550: 6543: 6527: 6526:"大馬華社遊走於簡繁之間" 6520: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6479: 6478: 6471: 6456: 6452: 6445: 6437: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6412: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6393:9780858836150 6389: 6385: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6356: 6352: 6345: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6290: 6286: 6279: 6264: 6260: 6254: 6246: 6244:9781134828692 6240: 6236: 6235: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6178:PLOS Genetics 6175: 6168: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6096: 6088: 6080: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6029: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6001: 5997: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5981: 5977: 5970: 5959: 5955: 5948: 5942: 5927: 5923: 5916: 5900: 5896: 5890: 5883:(1): 109–130. 5882: 5878: 5871: 5864: 5858: 5853: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5790: 5786: 5779: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5751: 5743: 5738: 5730: 5728:9780313264498 5724: 5721:. p. 5. 5720: 5716: 5709: 5702: 5701:0-19-285421-6 5698: 5694: 5690: 5689:Craig, Edward 5685: 5677: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5653: 5646:(2): 114–130. 5645: 5641: 5640: 5635: 5628: 5620: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5546: 5531: 5527: 5521: 5513: 5509: 5504: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5447: 5443: 5437: 5422: 5418: 5411: 5396: 5392: 5385: 5376: 5370:, p. 68. 5369: 5364: 5357: 5356:Miyake (2004) 5352: 5345: 5340: 5333: 5332:Kornicki 2011 5328: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5270: 5268:9781782385639 5264: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5234: 5226: 5218: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5199: 5191: 5185: 5181: 5180: 5172: 5170: 5161: 5155: 5151: 5150: 5142: 5134: 5132:9780764118166 5128: 5124: 5123: 5115: 5107: 5101: 5098:. Routledge. 5097: 5096: 5088: 5080: 5074: 5070: 5069: 5061: 5053: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5034: 5026: 5020: 5016: 5015: 5007: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4980: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4957: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4922: 4920: 4911: 4905: 4901: 4900: 4892: 4884: 4878: 4874: 4873: 4865: 4858: 4857:0-9720795-7-2 4854: 4850: 4844: 4837: 4833: 4830:Victor Mair, 4827: 4819: 4813: 4809: 4808: 4800: 4793: 4788: 4777: 4776: 4768: 4752: 4748: 4742: 4734: 4728: 4725:. Routledge. 4724: 4723: 4715: 4707: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4682: 4674: 4668: 4664: 4657: 4649: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4630: 4622: 4616: 4613:. Routledge. 4612: 4611: 4603: 4595: 4589: 4585: 4584: 4576: 4565: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4507: 4499: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4474: 4468: 4464: 4457: 4448: 4440: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4403: 4399: 4393: 4389: 4385: 4381: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4332: 4328: 4321: 4313: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4294: 4286: 4280: 4276: 4275: 4267: 4259: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4240: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4220: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4195: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4141: 4126: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4094: 4093:Matisoff 1990 4090: 4085: 4081: 4056: 4049: 4042: 4038: 4032: 4028: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3968: 3967: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3956:Cultural area 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3946: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3922: 3920: 3917: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3869:Greater China 3867: 3866: 3861: 3855: 3850: 3847: 3836: 3833: 3822: 3819: 3808: 3805: 3794: 3791: 3780: 3777: 3776:Taiwan portal 3766: 3763: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3738: 3726: 3722: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3653:Hundred Yue's 3649: 3644: 3640: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3581: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3518: 3513: 3511: 3507: 3499:population). 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3473: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3450: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3315: 3313: 3308: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3273: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3244: 3211: 3204: 3203: 3197: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3167: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3155: 3151: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3034: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3013: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3001: 2997: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2982: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2955: 2952: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2924: 2915: 2913: 2908: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2870: 2869:Hokkaido Ainu 2866: 2863: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2787: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2757:Austroasiatic 2755: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2639: 2635: 2630: 2622: 2613: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2555: 2551: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2475: 2474:Protestantism 2471: 2467: 2466:charitability 2463: 2462:denominations 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2407: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2351:. During the 2350: 2346: 2341: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2278: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2271: 2268: 2262: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2211:Vegetarianism 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2174:enlightenment 2169: 2161: 2157: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2122: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2094: 2091: 2083: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2049:This section 2047: 2043: 2038: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2014: 2009: 2008: 2003: 2002: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1931: 1928:encompassing 1927: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1911: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1853:) to fit the 1851: 1850: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1837: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1817: 1815:celebrations. 1814: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1794: 1789: 1788: 1783: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1762: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1741: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1724:, as well as 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1696: 1692: 1689:), Korea (밥; 1687: 1676: 1675:food security 1671: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1577: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1555: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1470:Korean cinema 1467: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1448: 1445: 1442:is a cursive 1441: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1402: 1401: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1377: 1368: 1366: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1304:Ancient China 1301: 1288: 1275: 1269: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1227: 1216: 1197: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1165: 1160: 1152: 1140: 1129: 1107: 1102: 1092: 1087: 1083: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1052: 1047: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1033: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 994: 993:Tōa bunka-ken 989: 983: 978: 973: 971: 967: 963: 953: 951: 947: 941: 935: 931: 927: 922: 918: 912: 908: 904: 900: 899:lingua franca 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 833:Greater China 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 806: 798: 794: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 766: 764: 744: 731: 728: 727: 723: 721: 717: 708: 706:tō-a bunkaken 705: 704: 700: 698: 694: 689: 685: 676: 673: 672: 668: 666: 662: 659:Japanese name 657: 644: 641: 640: 636: 634: 630: 621: 618: 617: 613: 611: 607: 602: 598: 589: 586: 585: 581: 579: 575: 566: 563: 562: 558: 556: 552: 547: 538: 535: 532: 531: 527: 525: 521: 512: 509: 506: 505: 501: 499: 495: 490: 477: 474: 473: 469: 467: 464: 460: 457: 453: 444: 441: 440: 436: 434: 430: 421: 418: 417: 413: 411: 408: 404: 401: 397: 388: 383: 380: 379: 375: 373: 369: 360: 357: 356: 352: 350: 346: 343: 339: 330: 327: 326: 322: 320: 316: 313: 309: 300: 297: 296: 292: 290: 286: 283: 279: 270: 267: 264: 261: 260: 256: 254: 250: 241: 238: 237: 233: 231: 227: 218: 215: 214: 210: 208: 204: 201: 197: 192: 188: 181: 178: 177: 175: 171: 162: 159: 158: 154: 152: 148: 139: 136: 135: 131: 129: 125: 120: 116: 111: 107: 102: 99: 91: 88: 80: 77:November 2023 70: 64: 62: 57:This article 55: 46: 45: 40: 33: 19: 10093:Eastern Bloc 10063:Asia Council 10024:Contemporary 9970:Latin Church 9938:Christianity 9867:Confucianism 9739:Collectivism 9553:Architecture 9459:World War II 9375: 9265: 9258: 9243:Bansenshūkai 9241: 9008:Rainy season 8869: 8785:unrecognized 8479: 8454: 8450: 8430: 8401: 8395: 8372: 8353: 8334: 8315: 8292: 8273: 8246: 8228: 8207: 8204:China Review 8203: 8181: 8162: 8131: 8124: 8107: 8103: 8090: 8057: 8053: 8043: 8031:. Retrieved 8026: 8017: 8005:. Retrieved 8000: 7991: 7980:, retrieved 7966: 7956: 7944:. Retrieved 7940: 7931: 7905:. Retrieved 7891: 7883: 7872: 7857: 7852: 7840:. Retrieved 7835: 7826: 7814:. Retrieved 7810: 7801: 7789:. Retrieved 7785: 7776: 7741: 7737: 7727: 7710: 7678:(1): 62–95. 7675: 7671: 7665: 7635:(4): 55–62. 7632: 7628: 7618: 7593: 7589: 7579: 7567:. Retrieved 7563: 7554: 7545: 7541: 7535: 7502: 7498: 7488: 7477:, retrieved 7456:Introduction 7455: 7412:(1): 31–60. 7409: 7405: 7395: 7364: 7357: 7346: 7320:SpringerLink 7319: 7289:. Retrieved 7285: 7275: 7263:. Retrieved 7258: 7249: 7237:. Retrieved 7232: 7223: 7212:, retrieved 7206: 7200: 7188:. Retrieved 7184: 7175: 7163:. Retrieved 7158: 7149: 7137:. Retrieved 7133: 7123: 7111:. Retrieved 7106: 7097: 7085:. Retrieved 7081: 7072: 7060:. Retrieved 7056: 7046: 7037: 7022: 6991: 6984: 6972:. Retrieved 6967: 6958: 6946:. Retrieved 6941: 6932: 6891: 6887: 6877: 6844: 6840: 6830: 6818:. Retrieved 6814: 6805: 6793:. 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Retrieved 5394: 5384: 5375: 5363: 5351: 5339: 5316: 5303: 5291:. Retrieved 5286: 5277: 5258: 5252: 5232: 5225: 5205: 5198: 5178: 5148: 5141: 5121: 5114: 5094: 5087: 5067: 5060: 5040: 5033: 5013: 5006: 4986: 4979: 4960: 4956: 4931: 4927: 4898: 4891: 4871: 4864: 4848: 4843: 4836:Language Log 4826: 4806: 4799: 4787: 4774: 4767: 4755:. Retrieved 4750: 4741: 4721: 4714: 4687: 4681: 4662: 4656: 4636: 4629: 4609: 4602: 4582: 4575: 4553: 4534: 4515: 4506: 4487: 4481: 4462: 4456: 4447: 4428: 4422: 4378: 4371: 4330: 4326: 4320: 4300: 4293: 4273: 4266: 4246: 4239: 4219: 4201: 4181:. Retrieved 4169: 4140: 4128:. Retrieved 4114: 4110: 4100: 4084: 4048: 4031: 3965: 3951:Sinicization 3943: 3804:Japan portal 3762:China portal 3721:assimilation 3676: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3652: 3641:The various 3612:Little China 3609: 3605: 3565: 3514: 3502: 3459: 3453: 3442: 3415: 3399: 3391: 3382: 3375: 3372: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3349:filial piety 3347: 3341: 3326: 3309: 3305:chữ Quốc ngữ 3290: 3274: 3259: 3248: 3241: 3200: 3025: 2909: 2898: 2874: 2697:Austronesian 2687:Yellow River 2659:Sino-Tibetan 2648: 2610: 2574: 2559: 2418:Christianity 2416: 2413: 2395: 2369: 2353:Tang dynasty 2343: 2312: 2292: 2274: 2264: 2261:Confucianism 2234:Confucianism 2225:Confucianism 2199:Confucianism 2184: 2177: 2171: 2145: 2140: 2136: 2131: 2127:Tao Te Ching 2125: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2112: 2107: 2101: 2086: 2077: 2062:Please help 2050: 2017: 2011: 2007:Tao Te Ching 2005: 1999: 1998: 1963:Confucianism 1957: 1946: 1941:movable type 1934: 1914: 1907: 1840: 1834: 1833:), Vietnam ( 1828: 1822: 1818: 1799: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1769: 1765: 1759: 1753: 1749: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1672: 1665: 1602: 1574: 1566: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1510: 1504: 1501:Martial arts 1500: 1495:Truyện tranh 1478: 1449: 1444:script style 1437: 1433: 1404:Architecture 1403: 1358: 1352: 1336: 1329: 1323: 1307: 1286: 1273: 1231: 1183: 1161: 1124: 1066: 1060: 1049: 1036: 1030: 1028: 1007:Confucianism 974: 970:Yellow River 959: 950:high culture 923: 921:in Vietnam. 879:Confucianism 869: 816: 812: 808: 804: 802: 785:chữ Quốc ngữ 760: 720:Kunrei-shiki 400:Southern Min 289:Romanization 207:Hanyu Pinyin 122:Chinese name 98: 83: 74: 61:copy editing 59:may require 58: 10043:Arab League 10026:integration 9965:Catholicism 9823:Vaishnavism 9597:Esotericism 9464:Pacific War 9437:World War I 9381:Indic world 9376:Sinic world 9359:Foundations 9098:Archaeology 8990:Environment 8855:Calligraphy 8699:in Sakhalin 8655:Han Chinese 8618:South Korea 8613:North Korea 8270:Carol Gluck 8214:: 109–136. 8110:(1): 1–10. 7214:10 November 6484:10 November 6461:10 November 6133:(8): e247. 5931:13 November 5905:13 November 5768:13 November 5535:13 November 5451:13 November 4490:. Cambria. 4465:. Cambria. 4406:j.ctvx1hwmg 4130:26 December 4039:during the 3966:Relations: 3628:Han dynasty 3596:Korean wave 3506:Next Eleven 3456:Vietnam War 3430:South Korea 3400:During the 3344:patriarchal 3226:Light Green 3049:); Taiwan ( 3047:Miao people 2896:languages. 2554:Catholicism 2510:Catholicism 2494:South Korea 2470:South Korea 2422:South Korea 1796:(Japanese). 1784:(Koreans); 1434:Calligraphy 1266: [ 1249:Kulturkreis 1238:wénhuà quān 980: [ 956:Terminology 867:is spoken. 817:Sinic world 549:Korean name 456:Eastern Min 319:Pha̍k-fa-sṳ 10163:Categories 9754:Philippine 9671:Philosophy 9656:Philosophy 9629:Literature 9273:Yi Sun-sin 9108:Bronze Age 9045:Capitalism 8970:Typography 8965:Television 8935:Philosophy 8920:Mādhyamaka 8915:Literature 8870:Sinosphere 8790:historical 8282:0585027331 8033:8 November 8007:8 November 7982:30 October 7946:30 October 7879:. (2005). 7842:8 November 7836:koreatimes 7816:8 November 7791:8 November 7569:8 November 7548:: 257–263. 7479:30 October 6974:9 November 6948:9 November 6820:9 November 6795:9 November 6551:. Berlin. 6503:SoraNews24 6424:De Gruyter 6360:0521360706 6327:0521361230 6294:9027976430 5899:nippon.com 5618:094030600X 5442:"Buddhism" 4969:0684811642 4214:), p. 322. 4089:Fogel 2009 4071:References 3945:Pax Sinica 3681:Vietnamese 3515:Since the 3476:Modern era 3470:rapid pace 3422:Korean War 3216:Dark Green 3126:Gin people 3094:Alphabet ( 3078:Alphabet ( 3062:Alphabet ( 3057:language) 2882:Hmong-Mien 2761:Vietnamese 2701:East Timor 2665:, Bhutan, 2583:in China. 2506:Protestant 2454:Protestant 2365:Zhou Dunyi 2267:humanistic 2080:April 2023 1874:Literature 1857:since the 1842:Koshōgatsu 1839:), Japan ( 1827:), Korea ( 1804:lion dance 1744:Traditions 1668:Chopsticks 1640:See also: 1573:, such as 1339:sinologist 1032:Sinosphere 1019:chopsticks 909:in Japan, 805:Sinosphere 763:Vietnamese 104:Sinosphere 69:editing it 10189:East Asia 9911:Abrahamic 9806:Vajrayana 9796:Theravada 9651:Mythology 9624:Languages 9412:Silk Road 9371:Old World 9189:CrossAsia 9176:Education 8930:Mythology 8910:Languages 8890:Festivals 8838:Taiwanese 8745:Ryukyuans 8660:subgroups 8579:Hong Kong 8558:East Asia 8418:210072878 8377:Routledge 8082:140590108 8074:2288-2871 7907:4 October 7738:Med. 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