214:
170:
786:
8607:
976:
158:
1306:
8619:
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1792:, and I think the authorities have the right to ensure that innocent people are not harmed and that extreme versions of religions of all kinds are not penetrating through the population, and then people cannot misuse religion as an excuse to stir up trouble, to destabilize, and to bring the society to a halt. And I think the people are justified to that.
584:. In 101 BC, during the Han dynasty the far eastern parts of the region was settled by the Chinese military garrisons, and outposts such as canton points were established, where each point became the initial distribution area for the Han military garrisons after entering the region. After the establishment of the
1555:
of
Xinjiang had close cultural, political, and economic ties with Russia and then the Soviet Union. Many of them were educated in the Soviet Union and a community of Russian settlers lived in the region. As a result, many of the Turkic rebels fled to the Soviet Union and obtained Soviet assistance in
1722:
In a declaration, Turkmen leader
Niyazov and Chinese President Hu Jintao pledged their countries will work together to root out what they called the "three evils" -- terrorism, separatism, and extremism. But the primary target of this pledge is clear, in that the only grouping specifically named in
1228:
demonstrated that economic development alone would not prevent separatism in
Xinjiang. He elaborated âIn recent years, Xinjiang has grown very quickly and the standard of living has consistently risen, but even so, ethnic separatism and terrorist violence have still been on the rise. This goes to
1296:
In the 1980s and 1990s, numerous Uyghur organisations representing the Uyghur movement in exile formed around the world but were disorganised and disunited. Some Uyghur organizations use more moderate methods of human rights advocacy to influence the
Chinese government within the international
914:
that led to at least 9 deaths. The ĂrĂŒmqi bus bombings of 25 February 1997, perhaps a response to the crackdown that followed the Ghulja
Incident, killed 9 and injured 68. Speaking on separatist violence, Erkin Alptekin, a former East Turkestan National Congress chairman and prominent Uyghur
1580:
militia and farmers. The Soviet Union supported Uyghur nationalist propaganda and Uyghur separatist movements against China. The Soviet historians claimed that the Uyghur native land was
Xinjiang and Uyghur nationalism was promoted by Soviet versions of history on turcology. The
703:" (or "Uyghurstan"). There is no consensus among secessionists about whether to use "East Turkestan" or "Uyghurstan"; "East Turkestan" has the advantage of also being the name of two historical political entities in the region, while Uyghurstan appeals to modern ideas of ethnic
772:
Turkic
Muslims in Xinjiang initially cooperated with the Dungans (Chinese Muslims) when they rose in revolt, but turned on them, because the Dungans, mindful of their Chinese heritage, attempted to subject the entire region to their rule. The Taranchi massacred the Dungans at
6123:
Khakimbaev A. A., 'Nekotorye
Osobennosti Natsional'no-Osvoboditel'nogo Dvizheniya Narodov Sin'tszyana v 30-kh i 40-kh godakh XX veka' , in Materially Mezhdunarodnoi Konferentsii po Problemam Istorii Kitaya v Noveishchee Vremya, Aprel' 1977, Problemy Kitaya (Moscow, 1978)
1180:(equated with "Uyghur" by the PRC government) people from Mongolia the 9th century. The name "Uyghur" was associated with a Buddhist people in the Tarim Basin in the 9th century, but completely disappeared by the 15th century, until it was revived by the
1237:
and government maintain the view that its policies in
Xinjiang are directed to realize the (constitutional) mandate to provide employment and the facilitation of employment as the most fundamental project for ensuring and improving people's wellbeing.
4757:
813:" (aka "Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan"), which lasted between 1933 and 1934. This republic was formed following a rebellion in Kashgar against the ROC, which had been in the process of asserting control over Kashgar after two decades of
1072:
Several proponents of independence state that the
Uyghurs have had a defined history in Xinjiang for "over 4000 years". There are historical arguments for the independence of Xinjiang, such as the argument that the People's Republic of China is a
6130:
Rakhimov, T. R. 'Mesto Bostochno-Turkestanskoi Respubliki (VTR) v Natsional'no-Osvoboditel'noi Bor'be Narodov Kitaya' , A paper presented at 2-ya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya po Problemam Istorii Kitaya v Noveishchee Vremya, (Moscow, 1977),
641:
occurred soon after the PRC was established in 1949, and since then, Xinjiang has remained part of China. Historically, the region had various independent states, mostly nomadic hordes, prior to the 1750s. Xinjiang has been a hotbed of
1575:
The Soviet Union incited separatist activities in Xinjiang through propaganda, encouraging Kazakhs to flee to the Soviet Union and attacking China. China responded by reinforcing the Xinjiang-Soviet border area specifically with Han
576:
name. "East Turkestan" is the best-known proposed name as it is the historical geographic name of the region and the name of the two independent states that briefly existed in the region in the first half of the 20th century.
715:
phenomenon. The name "East Turkestan" is not currently used in an official sense by most sovereign states and intergovernmental organizations. Another proposed alternative is "Yarkand" or "Yarkent," which harkens back to the
4536:. Vol. 1 of China, Political, Commercial, and Social: In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government, China, Political, Commercial, and Social: In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government. J. Madden.
1080:
of Xinjiang, rather than it naturally being an integral part of the sovereign state which traditionally includes Xinjiang. Evidence for this argument usually consists of claims that the PRC is not the legitimate
1232:
In 2020, the Chinese government published a White Paper on Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang, which had been circulated via Xinhua, the Global Times and other public news channels. In this paper, the
1112:
is strongly opposed to the idea of Xinjiang (East Turkestan) independence and its supporters are subject to harsh criminal penalties. China officially claims that Xinjiang has been part of China since the
4107:
6153:
Yakovlev, A. G., 'K Voprosy o Natsional'no-Osvoboditel'nom Dvizhenii Norodov Sin'tzyana v 1944â1949', , in Uchenie Zapiski Instituta Voctokovedeniia Kitaiskii Spornik vol.xi, (1955) pp. 155â188.
5999:
5296:
2164:
7673:
3129:. Contributor: University of Cambridge. Mongolia & Inner Asia Studies Unit. The White Horse Press for the Mongolia and Inner Asia Studies Unit at the University of Cambridge. 2002.
5464:
Aspects of Altaic Civilization III: Proceedings of the Thirtieth Meeting of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, June 19-25, 1987
1264:
The Kuomintang can state with solemnity that it recognizes the right of self-determination of all national minorities in China and it will organize a free and united Chinese republic.
1132:
claim that Uyghurs were distinct and independent from Chinese for 6000 years, and that all other ethnic groups are later immigrants to Xinjiang. Records show that military colonies (
572:(XUAR). Within the movement, there is widespread support for the region to be renamed, since "Xinjiang" (meaning "new territory" in Chinese) is seen by independence activists as a
7949:
876:
638:
477:
6150:
Wang, D., 'The USSR and the Establishment of the Eastern Turkestan Republic in Xinjiang', Journal of Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica, vol.25 (1996) pp. 337â378.
6052:
2064:
3579:
3499:
6159:
Wang, D., Under the Soviet shadow: the Yining Incident: ethnic conflicts and international rivalry in Xinjiang, 1944â1949, Hong Kong, The Chinese University Press, 1999.
3170:. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch. Shanghai : Printed at the "Celestial Empire" Office 10-Hankow Road-10.: The Branch. 1876.
2036:
3211:. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North-China Branch. Shanghai : Printed at the "Celestial Empire" Office 10-Hankow Road-10.: Kelly & Walsh
1548:
living in Xinjiang and Kadeer recalled that many Uyghurs thought Russian culture was "more advanced" than that of the Uyghurs and they "respected" the Russians a lot.
6886:
895:
Xinjiang cities, some Hans have also migrated to Xinjiang for independent economic advancement. Increased ethnic contact and labor competition coincided with Uyghur
9916:
6942:
6147:
Wang, D., 'The Xinjiang Question of the 1940s: the Story behind the Sino-Soviet Treaty of August 1945', Asian Studies Review, vol. 21, no.1 (1997) pp. 83â105.
2648:
7399:
6185:
6105:
Forbes, A. D. W. Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republic Sinkiang, 1911â1949 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986).
5673:
2554:
4217:
Hopper, Ben; Webber, Michael (2009), "Migration, Modernisation and Ethnic Estrangement: Uyghur migration to Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, PRC",
1723:
the declaration is the "East Turkestan" separatist movement, which seeks independence for China's 19 million Muslim Uyghurs in the western Xinjiang Province.
993:
7041:
1815:
5615:
2584:
2336:
5834:
Zhao, Gang (January 2006). "Reinventing China Imperial Qing Ideology and the Rise of Modern Chinese National Identity in the Early Twentieth Century".
2017:
1152:. Chinese historians refute Uyghur nationalist claims by pointing out the 2000-year history of Han settlement in Xinjiang, documenting the history of
7571:
6951:
2154:
1898:
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also influenced the Western Regions until Chinese influence was lost in the 8th century, and direct control of the region would not resume until the
7489:
7382:
1218:
1040:
5232:
Michell, Robert (1870). "Eastern Turkestan and Dzungaria, and the rebellion of the Tungans and Taranchis, 1862 to 1866". In Romanovski, M. (ed.).
7387:
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6120:
Hierman, Brent (2007). "The Pacification of Xinjiang: Uighur Protest and the Chinese State, 1988â2002". Problems of Post-Communism 54 (3): 48â62.
1012:
954:
7084:
2913:
1582:
1395:
896:
2617:
10538:
8049:
7521:
6134:
Shichor, Yitzhak. (2005). Blow Up: Internal and External Challenges of Uyghur Separatism and Islamic Radicalism to Chinese Rule in Xinjiang.
949:
was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment for inciting separatism following his publication of an allegorical short story, "The Blue Pigeon".
535:
1019:
8657:
7576:
7501:
7161:
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6596:
1413:
2131:
1981:
7151:
7146:
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818:
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community. Other Uyghur organizations advocate for more radical forms of ideological and armed struggle in their push for independence.
8560:
8184:
7392:
7377:
5706:
3357:
1914:
1604:
1327:
678:
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I know the importance of law is in China. I really hope everyone respects the law. However, in Xinjiang, the major threat we face is
1026:
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7267:
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1137:
3631:
3491:
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9329:
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7551:
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in its time. The Soviet Union was involved in funding and support to the ETPRP to start a violent uprising against China in 1968.
1008:
333:
2674:
1841:
10563:
8363:
7134:
6171:
1427:
665:"). The East Turkestan independence movement is supported by both militant Islamic extremist groups which have been designated
10162:
10132:
9234:
7715:
6311:
5882:
5824:
5794:
5761:
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5093:
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4939:
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4620:
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4513:
4426:
4369:
4327:
4306:
4276:
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4207:
4145:
4117:
4096:
4047:
3894:
3782:
3729:
3708:
3672:
3556:
3468:
3426:
3405:
3384:
3351:
2953:
2521:
1677:
1642:
942:
253:
5943:
5888:
5767:
5582:
5565:
5419:
5386:
5318:. Vol. 74 of Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East (3, illustrated ed.). Scarecrow Press.
5239:
5200:
5183:
5150:
5117:
5066:
4956:
Perdue, Peter C. (October 1996). "Military Mobilization in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century China, Russia, and Mongolia".
4465:
4432:
4359:
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3562:
3474:
3324:
3291:
3268:
3245:
3171:
3084:
3014:
2992:
2959:
649:
The Chinese government considers all support for the East Turkestan independence movement to fall under the definitions of "
10157:
8874:
8838:
7802:
7588:
1599:
733:
453:
6117:
Hasiotis, A. C. Jr. Soviet Political, Economic and Military Involvement in Sinkiang from 1928 to 1949 (NY, Garland, 1987).
2453:
1434:
militant Uyghur organization that advocated for an independent Uyghur state in Xinjiang. Widely believed to have links to
7710:
7365:
7330:
7315:
7112:
6534:
5640:
3313:. Vol. 12 of Peace Handbooks, Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section. Scholarly Resources, Incorporated.
2369:
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1775:
1285:
which states that Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities, "may either join the Union of Chinese Soviets or secede from it."
1118:
919:, said: "We must emphasize dialog and warn our youth against the use of violence because it delegitimizes our movement".
666:
585:
249:
3587:(Thesis). Brisbane, Queensland: Dept. of International Business & Asian Studies, Griffith University. Archived from
2640:
1939:
10323:
8555:
7536:
6591:
6368:
2718:
2402:
2384:
National and Minority Policies, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science: Report of China 277
2256:
1767:
1314:
682:
6127:
Lattimore, O., Pivot of Asia: Sinkiang and the Inner Asian Frontiers of China (Boston, Little, Brown & Co., 1950).
9859:
7915:
7011:
6955:
6267:
6026:
5733:
5665:
5531:
5482:
5446:
5413:
5277:
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4797:
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3134:
3054:
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806:
627:
has remained under ROC rule until the present day. Throughout Qing and ROC rule, there were several periods of brief
612:
528:
6920:
2832:
10568:
8650:
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7479:
7074:
2538:
2407:
857:
580:
Large parts of Xinjiang were under intermittent influence of the Chinese, since roughly 2,000 years ago during the
281:
6144:
Taipov, Z. T., V Bor'be za Svobodu , (Moscow, Glavnaya Redaktsiya Vostochnoi Literaturi Izdatel'stvo Nauka, 1974).
4542:
3581:
In the Eye of Power: China and Xinjiang from the Qing Conquest to the 'New Great Game' for Central Asia, 1759â2004
1033:
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9319:
8388:
7566:
7124:
6679:
2032:
1709:
1225:
502:
3747:
3204:
1585:
received support from the Soviet Union. During the 1970s, the Soviets supported the URFET to fight the Chinese.
1424:
as an armed separatist force. It was believed to be backed by the Soviet Union (1970â1989) and the U.S. (1990s).
10112:
10067:
9324:
9145:
8582:
8577:
8308:
8085:
7961:
7932:
7886:
7464:
6891:
5408:. Socialism and Social Movements Series. Contributor: Sidong Fan (illustrated, reprint ed.). M.E. Sharpe.
1807:
1565:
1529:
1509:
1499:
997:
853:
790:
469:
276:
104:
5623:
5477:. Contributor: Indiana University, Bloomington. Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies. Psychology Press.
2576:
10513:
are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
10202:
10197:
10127:
10087:
10072:
9854:
9809:
9429:
9077:
8368:
8278:
7927:
7854:
7643:
7531:
7220:
6326:
6156:
Wang, D., Clouds over Tianshan: essays on social disturbance in Xinjiang in the 1940s, Copenhagen, NIAS, 1999
2326:
1463:
1449:
1199:
900:
810:
762:
752:
741:
464:
427:
90:
6163:
4817:
The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia
2360:"Justifying Forced Labor in Xinjiang? A Review of the White Paper "Employment and Labor Rights in Xinjiang""
213:
10578:
10573:
10543:
10368:
10313:
10283:
10192:
10167:
10152:
10077:
10057:
9155:
9067:
8843:
8587:
8353:
8338:
8039:
7896:
7441:
7404:
6881:
6776:
6704:
6689:
6586:
6550:
6518:
3230:
3193:
2816:
2800:
2040:
1358:(TIP, also East Turkestan Islamic Movement) â Identified as a terrorist organization by the governments of
620:
521:
193:
10187:
7969:
7506:
1890:
9824:
9047:
8997:
8643:
8378:
8373:
8303:
8067:
7908:
7484:
7021:
6236:
3283:
1759:
873:
707:. Uyghurstan is also a difference in emphasis in that it excludes more peoples in Xinjiang than just the
611:
and established Xinjiang as an administrative region in 1759. Xinjiang was subsequently inherited by the
432:
6109:
Gladney, Dru C. (2013). "Secessionism and Separatism in Europe and Asia: To have a state of one's own".
1991:
1317:(ETGE) â founded in Washington D.C. on 14 September 2004 and advocates for East Turkestani independence.
633:
independence for either the entire region of Xinjiang or parts of it, as well as foreign occupation and
10182:
10062:
9093:
8592:
8220:
7613:
7581:
7546:
7526:
7255:
6818:
6389:
6257:
5983:
5928:
3197:
3157:
3070:
3036:
1121:
in 60 BC. Historically, various Chinese governments have described invasions of Xinjiang as a sort of "
372:
329:
1250:
already claim Xinjiang as part of China, Chinese political leaders also acknowledged the principle of
9356:
9052:
8623:
8383:
8268:
7999:
7600:
7516:
7282:
7225:
5584:
The Horse that Leaps Through Clouds: A Tale of Espionage, the Silk Road, and the Rise of Modern China
4240:
Population Migration and Labor Market Segmentation: Empirical Evidence from Xinjiang, Northwest China
1634:
1202:
considers all support for the East Turkestan independence movement to fall under the definitions of "
938:
932:
498:
10142:
9864:
4569:
Mentelle, Edme; Malte-Brun, Malte Conrad Brun (dit Conrad); de Halle, Pierre-Etienne Herbin (1804).
3287:
Handbooks Prepared Under the Direction of the Historical Section of the Foreign Office, Issues 67â74
2139:
10459:
10117:
9921:
8833:
8348:
8179:
7881:
7749:
7745:
7636:
7608:
7335:
7139:
7079:
7069:
6994:
2607:
1889:
Martina, Michael; Blanchard, Ben; Spring, Jake (20 July 2016). Ruwitch, John; Macfie, Nick (eds.).
1747:
1391:
Historically, organizations which have supported the East Turkestan independence movement include:
826:
822:
737:
416:
306:
301:
173:
3981:
Warlords and Muslims in Chinese Central Asia: A Political History of Republican Sinkiang 1911â1949
10558:
9901:
9373:
9277:
9188:
9103:
8982:
8343:
8258:
8163:
7753:
7556:
7511:
7469:
7451:
7446:
7360:
7300:
7292:
7287:
7272:
7200:
7107:
7064:
7026:
6316:
5502:
Macartney at Kashgar: New Light on British, Chinese and Russian Activities in Sinkiang, 1890â1918
1355:
1278:
1270:
1234:
986:
953:
claimed that Turkey is hampered from interfering with the Uyghurs because it recognizes that the
910:
resulted in large demonstrations that turned violent in February 1997 in an episode known as the
888:
833:
674:
311:
20:
10479:
9434:
2181:
9849:
9739:
9517:
9481:
9363:
9208:
9057:
8419:
7768:
7741:
7046:
6724:
6699:
6306:
6296:
6194:
1348:
758:
296:
162:
6080:
4708:
3535:
3100:
3044:
2922:
2842:
1556:
creating the Sinkiang Turkic People's Liberation Committee (STPNLC) in 1943 to revolt against
1262:
issued a statement calling for the right of self-determination of all Chinese ethnic groups: "
10172:
10137:
10122:
10001:
9829:
9819:
9784:
9779:
9764:
9744:
9708:
9491:
9461:
9451:
9441:
9336:
9115:
9072:
9042:
9020:
8967:
8890:
8801:
8572:
8535:
8328:
7859:
7305:
7089:
6409:
6321:
6286:
3698:
2826:
2810:
2229:
1986:
1479:
891:
from the late 1970s exacerbated uneven regional development, while Uyghurs have migrated to
729:
608:
67:
5690:
3374:
3341:
1911:
809:. An early attempt at East Turkestan independence was the establishment of the short-lived "
10378:
10177:
10026:
9986:
9961:
9804:
9774:
9759:
9749:
9718:
9713:
9703:
9677:
9638:
9532:
9409:
9404:
9383:
9346:
9314:
9282:
9272:
9251:
9178:
9062:
8977:
8937:
8764:
8711:
8323:
8200:
7775:
7414:
7262:
7250:
7240:
7094:
7054:
6834:
6792:
6739:
6492:
6461:
4533:
China; Political, Commercial, and Social: In an Official Report to Her Majesty's Government
2550:
1082:
945:, the situation in Xinjiang was quiet from around 1998 to mid-2006. In 2005, Uyghur author
337:
6606:
5258:
Bones in the Sand: The Struggle to Create Uighur Nationalist Ideologies in Xinjiang, China
4731:
The Empire And the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations With Khoqand C.1760-1860
4199:
2098:
1176:
indigenes in Xinjiang, and by emphasizing the relatively late "westward migration" of the
8:
10428:
10308:
10102:
10041:
10006:
9911:
9814:
9769:
9734:
9698:
9693:
9633:
9628:
9623:
9602:
9548:
9496:
9486:
9419:
9388:
9341:
9246:
9162:
9135:
9098:
9025:
8992:
8972:
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8828:
8728:
8509:
8474:
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8358:
8333:
8293:
8057:
7891:
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7682:
7419:
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6844:
6797:
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6231:
5474:
Volume 145 of Indiana University Uralic and Altaic series, Indiana University Bloomington
4418:
Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History
4060:
Handbook of Oriental Studies Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies, Manchu Grammar
3376:
Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880â1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur
3205:
Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. North China Branch, Shanghai (1876).
1963:
Community Matters in Xinjiang, 1880â1949: Towards a Historical Anthropology of the Uyghur
1455:
1229:
show that economic development does not automatically bring lasting order and security.â
1149:
1109:
1086:
1077:
353:
202:
4415:
Levene, Mark (2008). "Empires, Native Peoples, and Genocides". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).
3968:
3611:
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Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section (1973). George Walter Prothero (ed.).
2018:"East Turkestan Terrorism and the Terrorist Arc: China's Post-9/11 Anti-Terror Strategy"
10583:
10514:
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2907:
2577:"China Protests Establishment of Uighur Government-in-Exile in Washington â 2004-09-21"
2482:Ăzkan, GĂŒner (2023), "The Uyghur Movement in Exile", in Shei, Chris; Chen, Jie (eds.),
2103:
1863:
1251:
1247:
861:
704:
646:
throughout much of the period that it has been governed by successive Chinese regimes.
10107:
4361:
Saintly Brokers: Uyghur Muslims, Trade, and the Making of Qing Central Asia, 1696â1814
3397:
The Empire of the Qara Khitai in Eurasian History: Between China and the Islamic World
2224:
1536:(Three Province Rebellion) in 1944â1946, using Soviet assistance and aid to fight the
821:
suppressed the First East Turkestan Republic following Chinese (ROC) victories at the
568:. The region is currently administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) in the
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10474:
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5173:
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5089:
5056:
5055:. Vol. 29 of Studies in Critical Social Sciences (illustrated ed.). BRILL.
5028:
5000:
4985:
4935:
4907:
4900:
4877:
4873:
Mongolian Music, Dance, & Oral Narrative: Performing Diverse Identities, Volume 1
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3314:
3130:
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2982:
2949:
2928:
2927:. Vol. 4 of Brill's Tibetan Studies Library, V.4 (illustrated ed.). Brill.
2670:
2517:
2359:
1837:
1673:
1648:
1638:
1545:
1503:
1421:
1288:
In 2022 a number of Taiwanese NGOs came out in support of Uyghur self determination.
928:
837:
643:
493:
261:
6999:
4340:
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3105:
The Encyclopaedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature
2495:
1864:"Turkey lists "E. Turkestan Islamic Movement" as terrorists â People's Daily Online"
872:. After emerging victorious at the conclusion of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the
169:
10403:
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6414:
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5843:
5349:
4965:
4226:
4039:
Dislocating China: Reflections on Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects
3642:
3460:
The Ili Rebellion: The Moslem Challenge to Chinese Authority in Xinjiang, 1944â1949
2491:
1966:
1331:
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376:
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3284:
Great Britain. Foreign Office. Historical Section, George Walter Prothero (1920).
2608:"US Drops ETIM From Terror List, Weakening China's Pretext For Xinjiang Crackdown"
10383:
10353:
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9287:
9193:
9030:
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5134:
5111:
5083:
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5022:
4994:
4929:
4871:
4843:
4815:
4729:
4689:
Peacemaking: From Practice to Theory [2 volumes]: From Practice to Theory
4687:
4659:
4633:
Socialist Revolutions in Asia: The Social History of Mongolia in the 20th Century
4631:
4610:
4589:
4570:
4531:
4503:
4482:
4449:
4416:
4395:
4384:
4375:
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4238:
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4086:
4058:
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3719:
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3458:
3437:
3416:
3395:
3308:
3306:
3285:
3262:
3239:
3206:
3165:
3124:
3083:. Vol. 16, Volume 620 of JPRS (Series). CCM Information Corporation. n.d. .
3078:
3008:
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2943:
2722:
2689:
2612:
1982:"China's Secret Separatists: Uyghuristan's Ever-Lengthening Path to Independence"
1918:
1667:
1541:
1399:
911:
717:
616:
604:
557:
459:
401:
390:
243:
45:
10433:
4759:
Great Britain and Chinese, Russian and Japanese interests in Sinkiang, 1918â1934
4572:
Géographie mathématique, physique & politique de toutes les parties du monde
4137:
Toward Better Governance in China: An Unconventional Pathway of Political Reform
937:
Despite much talk of separatism and terrorism in Xinjiang, especially after the
10338:
10318:
9886:
9035:
8550:
8484:
8449:
8414:
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7424:
7409:
7352:
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6865:
6849:
6802:
6760:
6576:
6096:
5964:. Contributor: Institute for Democratic Development. Central Asia Monitor. 1993
5353:
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4230:
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3694:
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1631:
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5906:
The Mongolia Society Bulletin: A Publication of the Mongolia Society, Volume 9
5753:
Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea
5648:
4969:
2945:
The Myth of the Masters Revived: The Occult Lives of Nikolai and Elena Roerich
2194:
1739:
1705:"Turkmenistan: President Ends China Visit After Forming Front Against Uyghurs"
765:
to establish an independent state after taking advantage of local rebellions.
19:
Not to be confused with the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, now known as the
10532:
9981:
9976:
9931:
9926:
9906:
9229:
8905:
8494:
8464:
8439:
8225:
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7871:
7814:
7737:
7205:
7195:
7031:
6982:
6684:
6193:
5847:
4964:(4 Special Issue: War in Modern China). Cambridge University Press: 757â793.
4734:. Vol. 16 of Brill's Inner Asian Library (illustrated ed.). BRILL.
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Nan, Susan Allen; Mampilly, Zachariah Cherian; Bartoli, Andrea, eds. (2011).
4658:
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2895:
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1652:
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1552:
1533:
1525:
1513:
1495:
1375:
1335:
1165:
1157:
1129:
950:
845:
832:
During the later years of China under the ROC, which was engaged against the
774:
712:
406:
368:
5786:
China's War on Terrorism: Counter-Insurgency, Politics and Internal Security
3914:
The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China
2715:
2264:
10510:
10398:
10248:
10011:
9996:
9966:
9936:
9896:
8514:
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8444:
8429:
8424:
8210:
8077:
7876:
7819:
7758:
7459:
7156:
6977:
6627:
4319:
Under the Heel of the Dragon: Islam, Racism, Crime, and the Uighur in China
3858:
New Qing Imperial History: The Making of Inner Asian Empire at Qing Chengde
3260:
3237:
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2364:
2331:
2056:
1431:
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1145:
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561:
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3724:. Central Asian Studies Programme (illustrated ed.). Pentagon Press.
10469:
10438:
10418:
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8158:
7989:
7829:
7809:
7705:
7669:
7166:
6968:
6839:
6637:
6399:
4762:. Vol. 8 of Lund studies in international history. Esselte studium.
3518:
Notices of the MediĂŠval Geography and History of Central and Western Asia
3208:
Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10
3167:
Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 10
1763:
1755:
1459:
1445:
1259:
1173:
1141:
1122:
1114:
1074:
814:
708:
662:
634:
589:
581:
573:
382:
363:
5855:
5361:
4165:
Singing the Village: Music, Memory and Ritual Among the Sibe of Xinjiang
3942:
The Cambridge History of China: Volume 10, Late Ch'ing 1800â1911, Part 1
3833:. Contributor: Elizabeth Endicott-West (reprint ed.). M.E. Sharpe.
2397:
1125:" of previously lost territories ever since the Han and Tang dynasties.
607:. The Manchu Qing dynasty took control of the region in 1756 during the
10484:
10328:
10258:
8754:
8716:
8434:
8240:
8128:
7690:
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6198:
6102:
Clubb, O. E., China and Russia: The 'Great Game'. (NY, Columbia, 1971).
6014:
5721:
1771:
1754:. The interview was conducted between the presenter of the show (named
1704:
1557:
1403:
1363:
1255:
1221:
1211:
1169:
1000: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
882:
658:
271:
228:
6111:
Separatism in China: The case of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
4977:
4014:(illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1564:. The pro-Soviet Uyghur who later became leader of the revolt and the
785:
10388:
10373:
10363:
10358:
10303:
10288:
9577:
8701:
8635:
8540:
8469:
8019:
7983:
7974:
7474:
7434:
7429:
7230:
5466:. Vol. 3 of Aspects of Altaic civilization / ed. by Denis Sinor.
3755:
3107:. Vol. 23 (9 ed.). Maxwell Sommerville. 1894. p. 681.
2924:
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2513:
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Zhao, Huasheng (2016). "Central Asia in Chinese Strategic Thinking".
1207:
1203:
805:, the region became largely free of the control of the government of
699:
The most common name for Xinjiang used by independence advocates is "
685:, which is based in Washington, D.C., and denounced jihadist groups.
654:
650:
411:
5874:
Red Shambhala: Magic, Prophecy, and Geopolitics in the Heart of Asia
5238:. Calcutta, India: Office of Superintendent of Government Printing.
5052:
State Capitalism, Contentious Politics and Large-Scale Social Change
4106:
Guo, Sujian; Guo, Baogang (2007). Guo, Sujian; Guo, Baogang (eds.).
975:
877:
annexed Xinjiang from the ROC and the Second East Turkestan Republic
184:(calligraphic monogram), is sometimes used alongside the flag above.
10348:
10273:
10147:
10031:
8404:
8215:
8148:
7834:
7732:
7659:
7277:
7036:
6611:
6358:
5169:
The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat
4243:. Michigan State University. Michigan State University. Geography.
1577:
1417:
1407:
1367:
916:
769:
629:
569:
482:
396:
286:
10413:
7628:
6734:
1462:
Uyghur party which existed from 1933 to 1934. It helped found the
10423:
10393:
10343:
10333:
10238:
9991:
9941:
8960:
8869:
8530:
8409:
8143:
8123:
8095:
7700:
6729:
6714:
6373:
6363:
6045:"US removes separatist group condemned by China from terror list"
3077:
2284:
2282:
2159:
1751:
1435:
1305:
1282:
1133:
1093:
907:
565:
238:
177:
157:
3886:
Salar: A Study in Inner Asian Language Contact Processes, Part 1
3013:. Association for Linguistic Typology. Mouton de Gruyter. 1998.
619:, and then by the PRC, which mostly succeeded the ROC after the
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8153:
8138:
8133:
7695:
6581:
5405:
New Ghosts, Old Ghosts: Prisons and Labor Reform Camps in China
2079:
1838:"ÙŰ€Ùۧۥ ۧÙŰșÙ
ۧ۳ÙÙ ŰŁŰ±ŰŻÙŰșŰ§Ù Ű§ÙŰ°ÙÙ ÙŰłŰȘÙ۱ۯÙÙ
Ù
Ù Ű§ÙŰ”ÙÙ â ŰčŰ±ŰšÙ ŰŁÙÙÙۧÙÙ"
1672:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press. p. 24.
1483:
1371:
1090:
849:
624:
291:
233:
181:
5438:
Encyclopedia of genocide and crimes against humanity, Volume 3
4297:
Dragon Fighter: One Woman's Epic Struggle for Peace with China
3439:
China's Last Nomads: The History and Culture of China's Kazaks
2279:
1522:
Dragon Fighter: One Woman's Epic Struggle for Peace with China
777:
and drove the rest through the Talk pass into the Ili valley.
10443:
8100:
7944:
7792:
7245:
6566:
3241:
Parliamentary Papers, House of Commons and Command, Volume 51
1471:
1448:
Uyghur party which existed in 1932â1934. It helped found the
1359:
1177:
5269:
Oasis Identities: Uyghur Nationalism Along China's Silk Road
3917:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Stanford University Press.
4788:
Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier
4451:
Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China
3854:
3721:
China's Minorities: Ethnic-religious Separatism in Xinjiang
3537:
The Chinese Repository, Vol. V, From May 1836 to April 1837
1475:
1246:
While the earliest ROC constitutional documents during the
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5340:
Sautman, Barry (2000). "Is Xinjiang an Internal Colony?".
4568:
4085:
Gunaratna, Rohan; Acharya, Acharya; Pengxin, Wang (2010).
2294:
720:, a powerful Uyghur state in the 16th and 17th centuries.
4397:
War, Politics and Society in Early Modern China, 900â1795
3827:
Dupree, Louis; Naby, Eden (1994). Black, Cyril E. (ed.).
3534:
Bridgman, Elijah Coleman; Williams, Samuel Wells (1837).
2848:
2788:
1528:'s father served with pro-Soviet Uyghur rebels under the
603:
In the 18th century, Uyghurs rebelled against the ruling
5255:
Rudelson, Justin Jon; Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam (1992).
4931:
China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia
4902:
China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia
4876:(illustrated ed.). University of Washington Press.
3099:
2444:"Taiwanese NGOs voice support for Uyghurs' independence"
856:(1944â1949), which existed in three northern districts (
165:
is a symbol of the East Turkestan independence movement.
6099:, Xinjiang wushi nian , (Beijing, Wenshi ziliao, 1984).
4084:
2306:
1572:, was Soviet educated and described as "Stalin's man".
746:
552:
is a political movement that seeks the independence of
4845:
Global Interactions in the Early Modern Age, 1400â1800
4063:. Vol. Seven Manchu Grammar. Brill Academic Pub.
2428:
Brandt, C., Schwartz, B. and Fairbank, John K. (ed.),
1888:
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3540:(reprint ed.). Canton: Maruzen Kabushiki Kaisha.
2764:
2752:
2641:"China demands that Albania return ex-U.S. detainees"
1148:(618â907) also controlled much of Xinjiang until the
965:
139:
5027:(illustrated ed.). The Rosen Publishing Group.
3492:"ON SOVIET-CHINA BORDER, THE THAW IS JUST A TRICKLE"
3343:
Situating the Uyghurs Between China and Central Asia
3261:
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1914).
3238:
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1871).
2776:
2740:
2673:. United States Department of State. 27 April 2004.
2442:
Chia-jung, Lu; Hsiu-chuan, Shih (12 November 2022).
2057:
Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons (1871).
1891:"Britain adds Chinese militant group to terror list"
1746:(This is an interview published by the news channel
957:
may receive interference from China in retaliation.
883:
Within the People's Republic of China (1949âpresent)
72:
5289:"Russians Back Revolution in Province Inside China"
5272:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.
4713:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.
4615:(illustrated ed.). Columbia University Press.
4594:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press.
4421:. Oxford and New York: Berghahn. pp. 183â204.
4343:(illustrated ed.). Stanford University Press.
4265:Juntunen, Mirja; Schlyter, Birgit N., eds. (2013).
3664:
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3007:
2728:
2441:
1960:
1100:, or that previous regimes were also illegitimate.
848:invaded Xinjiang and assisted a local rebellion at
797:-backed unrecognized republic in northern Xinjiang.
5909:. Contributor: Mongolia Society. The Society. 1970
5812:
5547:
5024:The Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places
4996:The Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places
4906:(illustrated ed.). Harvard University Press.
4899:
4785:
4685:
4657:
4294:
4191:
4007:
3889:(illustrated ed.). Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
2357:
1912:"U.S.Department of State Terrorist Exclusion List"
1309:ETGIE members at Capitol Hill on 14 September 2004
677:, as well as certain advocacy groups, such as the
615:(ROC), which succeeded the Qing dynasty after the
5498:
4168:(illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press.
3601:"False Lama â The Life and Death of Dambijantsan"
2539:"Changing the Guard at the World Uyghur Congress"
1103:
906:A police roundup of suspected separatists during
10530:
7331:Association for the Restoration of Great Vietnam
6015:UniversitÀt Bonn. Ostasiatische Seminar (1982).
5935:
5750:Walcott, Susan M.; Johnson, Corey, eds. (2013).
5722:UniversitÀt Bonn. Ostasiatische Seminar (1982).
5369:Scharff, David E.; Scharff, Jill Savege (2011).
5254:
4264:
3533:
1961:Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2008). "Place and People".
1544:. Kadeer and her family were close friends with
1351:by the PRC, and some other governments as well.
852:. The rebellion led to the establishment of the
5815:Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750
5435:Shelton, Dinah C (2005). Shelton, Dinah (ed.).
5401:
5081:
4109:Challenges facing Chinese political development
3043:
1830:
711:, but the "East Turkestan" movement is still a
7085:National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands
6952:Collaboration with Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy
5749:
5368:
4934:(reprint ed.). Harvard University Press.
4707:Nathan, Andrew James; Scobell, Andrew (2013).
4134:Guo, Baogang; Hickey, Dennis V., eds. (2009).
4088:Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China
3632:"Ja Lama â The Life and Death of Dambijantsan"
3435:
2501:
1924:
1740:"Has China detained a million Uighur Muslims?"
1347:Most militant organizations have been labeled
1254:. For example, at a party conference in 1924,
1241:
8651:
7644:
6936:
6179:
5441:(illustrated ed.). Macmillan Reference.
5402:Seymour, James D.; Anderson, Richard (1999).
4706:
3514:
2975:Baabar (1999). Kaplonski, Christopher (ed.).
2838:
2703:
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2318:
529:
478:Xinjiang Province, People's Republic of China
109:
95:
5548:Svanberg, Ingvar; Westerlund, David (2012).
4216:
2484:Routledge Resources Online â Chinese Studies
2327:"The Soviet Origins of Xi's Xinjiang Policy"
2085:
1702:
1416:(URFET) â Was a Uyghur nationalist group in
1414:United Revolutionary Front of East Turkestan
6213:List of active separatist movements in Asia
5499:Skrine, C.P.; Nightingale, Pamela (2013) .
5165:
4484:China's Ethnic Minorities and Globalisation
3436:Benson, Linda; Svanberg, Ingvar C. (1998).
3372:
3339:
2981:(illustrated ed.). White Horse Press.
2880:Accounts and papers of the House of Commons
2854:
2794:
2155:"China battles to convince terror sceptics"
2129:
2060:Accounts and papers of the House of Commons
1979:
1973:
1954:
1595:List of active separatist movements in Asia
1396:East Turkestan People's Revolutionary Party
1128:Some Uyghur nationalist historians such as
819:36th Division (National Revolutionary Army)
556:, a large and sparsely-populated region in
10509:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
10153:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
8658:
8644:
8561:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
8185:Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps
7651:
7637:
6943:
6929:
6186:
6172:
4612:Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang
3826:
3641:. Ulaan Baatar: Don Croner. Archived from
3610:. Ulaan Baatar: Don Croner. Archived from
2912:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2430:A Documentary History of Chinese Communism
2261:Sinkiang China Government Official Website
2099:"China: Human Rights Concerns in Xinjiang"
1605:Human rights of ethnic minorities in China
1328:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
1187:
679:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
536:
522:
5870:
5088:(illustrated ed.). Scarecrow Press.
4480:
4382:
4140:(illustrated ed.). Lexington Books.
4133:
4112:(illustrated ed.). Lexington Books.
3414:
2716:Eastern Turkistan Liberation Organization
2312:
2300:
2288:
2130:Priniotakis, Manolis (19 December 2001).
1856:
1802:
1800:
1342:
1117:of China (220 BC â AD 206) established a
1060:Learn how and when to remove this message
5666:"Kazakhstan and China: A Two-Way Street"
5641:"Kazakhstan and China: A Two-Way Street"
5616:"China and Kazakhstan: A Two-Way Street"
5265:
5205:(revised ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
5020:
4992:
4629:
4608:
4587:
4447:
4378:on 4 December 2016 – via ProQuest.
4056:
3938:
3418:The Uyghurs: Strangers in Their Own Land
2941:
2920:
2152:
1980:Priniotakis, Manolis (26 October 2001).
1665:
1438:and the East Turkestan Islamic Movement.
1304:
960:
784:
781:Within the Republic of China (1912â1949)
168:
156:
7764:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
6108:
5939:Mongolia Society Bulletin, Volumes 9â12
5692:Wild West China: The Taming of Xinjiang
5663:
5638:
5613:
5434:
5339:
5311:
5261:(reprint ed.). Harvard University.
5231:
5198:
5109:
5082:Powers, John; Templeman, David (2012).
5048:
4508:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
4315:
4035:
3910:
3745:
3693:
3049:. Islamic Culture Board. Deccan. 1971.
2882:, a publication from 1871, now in the
2709:
2536:
1633:. Thomas Fingar. Stanford, California:
868:) of Xinjiang with secret aid from the
10531:
10113:Galician independence movement (Spain)
8665:
7135:Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists
5998:. UPI. 22 September 1981. p. 11.
5810:
5166:Reed, J. Todd; Raschke, Diana (2010).
4955:
4927:
4897:
4841:
4813:
4540:
4529:
4414:
4386:Nationalism and Revolution in Mongolia
4364:. University of California, Berkeley.
4292:
4236:
4189:
4161:
4105:
4005:
3977:
3966:
3802:Xinjiang: China's Muslim Far Northwest
3798:
3770:
3717:
3629:
3598:
3577:
3544:
3456:
2974:
2822:
2806:
2770:
2758:
2746:
2734:
2699:
2695:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2177:
1797:
1790:terrorism and extremism and separatism
1508:The Soviet Union supported the Uyghur
1428:East Turkestan Liberation Organization
1321:
1300:
1009:"East Turkestan independence movement"
74:Sherqiy TĂŒrkistan Musteqilliq Herikiti
10163:Patani United Liberation Organisation
10133:Inner Mongolian independence movement
8639:
7716:Chief Official of the Western Regions
7632:
6924:
6167:
6055:from the original on 21 November 2021
6018:Asiatische Forschungen, Volumes 73â75
5877:(illustrated ed.). Quest Books.
5819:(illustrated ed.). Basic Books.
5782:
5725:Asiatische Forschungen, Volumes 73â75
5688:
5526:(illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe.
5519:
5470:
5235:Notes on the Central Asiatic Question
5132:
4999:. Britannica Educational Publishing.
4792:(illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe.
4783:
4755:
4727:
4501:
4393:
3984:(illustrated ed.). CUP Archive.
3882:
3660:
3489:
3442:(illustrated ed.). M.E. Sharpe.
3393:
2894:
2782:
2651:from the original on 27 February 2018
2605:
2537:Shichor, Yitzhak (19 December 2006).
2481:
2456:from the original on 18 November 2022
2358:Alexander Kriebitz (September 2020).
2199:East Turkestan Australian Association
2153:McDonald, Hamish (12 November 2005).
2111:from the original on 12 November 2008
2063:. Ordered to be printed. p. 35.
1905:
1840:. 3arabionline.com. 31 January 2017.
1778:from the original on 28 February 2020
1737:
1386:
51:ŰŽÛ۱ÙÙÙ ŰȘÛ۱ÙÙŰłŰȘŰ§Ù Ù
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16:Independence movement in Central Asia
10539:East Turkestan independence movement
10158:National Liberation Front of Corsica
10083:East Turkestan independence movement
8618:
7803:Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin
5891:from the original on 24 January 2023
5833:
5580:
5286:
5153:from the original on 24 January 2023
4869:
4661:Peacemaking: From Practice to Theory
3774:Contemporary China â An Introduction
3700:From Mahmud KaĆgari to Evliya Ăelebi
3681:from the original on 23 January 2023
2978:Twentieth Century Mongolia, Volume 1
2962:from the original on 24 January 2023
2878:This article incorporates text from
2638:
2632:
2620:from the original on 5 November 2020
2507:
2410:from the original on 25 January 2022
2324:
1942:from the original on 16 January 2020
1901:from the original on 14 August 2017.
1733:
1731:
1698:
1696:
1628:
1600:Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin
998:adding citations to reliable sources
969:
768:Also, during the Dungan revolt, the
747:Yaqub Beg establishment of Kashgaria
734:Turkic settlement of the Tarim Basin
588:in 60 BCE, Han settlers entered the
550:East Turkestan independence movement
454:Xinjiang Province, Republic of China
31:East Turkestan independence movement
7711:Protectorate of the Western Regions
7658:
7316:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
5523:Xinjiang: China's Muslim Borderland
5287:RYAN, William l. (2 January 1969).
5186:from the original on 9 January 2023
4448:Liu, Tao Tao; Faure, David (1996).
4357:
4336:
4271:(illustrated ed.). Routledge.
4225:(2), Global Oriental Ltd: 173â203,
4198:. Oxford University Press. p.
3748:"The Soviets in Xinjiang 1911â1949"
3565:from the original on 9 January 2023
3477:from the original on 9 January 2023
2677:from the original on 2 October 2017
2468:
2167:from the original on 30 March 2014.
2012:
2006:
1844:from the original on 14 August 2017
1119:Protectorate of the Western Regions
817:in the ROC. The Chinese Hui Muslim
586:Protectorate of the Western Regions
13:
8556:East Turkistan Government in Exile
8364:2014 ChinaâVietnam border shootout
6136:Asian Affairs: An American Review.
6089:
6042:
5946:from the original on 29 March 2023
5770:from the original on 29 March 2023
5709:from the original on 29 March 2023
5568:from the original on 29 March 2023
5422:from the original on 29 March 2023
5389:from the original on 29 March 2023
5242:from the original on 29 March 2023
5120:from the original on 29 March 2023
5069:from the original on 29 March 2023
4530:Martin, Robert Montgomery (1847).
4505:China: Its Environment and History
4468:from the original on 16 March 2023
4435:from the original on 16 March 2023
3360:from the original on 29 March 2023
3327:from the original on 29 March 2023
3294:from the original on 29 March 2023
3271:from the original on 29 March 2023
3248:from the original on 29 March 2023
3174:from the original on 29 March 2023
3111:from the original on 29 March 2023
3087:from the original on 29 March 2023
3017:from the original on 29 March 2023
2995:from the original on 29 March 2023
2587:from the original on 27 March 2020
2557:from the original on 18 April 2021
2067:from the original on 29 March 2023
1936:East Turkistan Government in Exile
1870:from the original on 7 August 2017
1768:Center for China and Globalization
1738:Hasan, Mehdi (15 September 2018).
1703:O'Rourke, Breffni (7 April 2006).
1551:Many of the Turkic peoples of the
1520:. According to her autobiography,
1315:East Turkistan Government-in-Exile
966:Arguments in favor of independence
683:East Turkistan Government-in-Exile
14:
10605:
7012:Armenian Revolutionary Federation
5992:"Radio war aims at China Moslems"
5520:Starr, S. Frederick, ed. (2004).
5315:Historical Dictionary of Mongolia
4820:(reprint ed.). Basic Books.
4057:Gorelova, Liliya M., ed. (2002).
4010:A History of Chinese Civilization
3967:Fisher, Richard Swainson (1852).
3080:Ethnological information on China
2606:Lipes, Joshua (5 November 2020).
2398:"China, the Uyghurs and the left"
2396:Simon Gilbert (23 October 2021).
2339:from the original on 13 June 2021
2237:from the original on 30 July 2019
2025:China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly
1818:from the original on 17 July 2007
1766:), and the vice president of the
1728:
1693:
1442:Committee for National Revolution
639:The PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
489:Production and Construction Corps
8617:
8606:
8605:
8063:Xinjiang Agricultural University
7113:Russian People's Liberation Army
7075:National Committee of Azerbaijan
5676:from the original on 13 May 2014
5664:Tinibai, Kenjali (27 May 2010).
5639:Tinibai, Kenjali (28 May 2010).
5614:Tinibai, Kenjali (28 May 2010).
5299:from the original on 13 May 2016
3502:from the original on 1 July 2017
3126:Inner Asia, Volume 4, Issues 1â2
2871:
2205:from the original on 1 July 2019
1291:
1085:to either the ROC (now based in
974:
922:
688:
570:Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
483:Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
324:Medieval and early modern period
212:
10264:Basque Country (greater region)
10123:Guangdong Independence Movement
8389:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
7125:Slovak Expeditionary Army Group
6002:from the original on 6 May 2016
5021:Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2011).
4993:Pletcher, Kenneth, ed. (2010).
4042:. University of Chicago Press.
3970:The book of the world, Volume 2
3939:Fairbank, John K., ed. (1978).
3830:The Modernization of Inner Asia
3578:Clarke, Michael Edmund (2004).
2663:
2599:
2569:
2530:
2496:10.4324/9780367565152-RECHS60-1
2435:
2422:
2389:
2376:
2351:
2249:
2225:"East Turkestan; Brief History"
2217:
2187:
2146:
2123:
2091:
2050:
2033:Central Asia-Caucasus Institute
1866:. En.people.cn. 3 August 2017.
1808:"Governance Asia-Pacific Watch"
1710:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
1489:
1338:. It was formed on 4 June 2017.
1226:dissolution of the Soviet Union
1144:to control Xinjiang, while the
985:needs additional citations for
503:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
10068:Assyrian independence movement
8309:September 2009 Xinjiang unrest
7933:Second East Turkestan Republic
7887:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
6113:. Routledge. pp. 220â236.
5842:(1). Sage Publications: 3â30.
5113:The modern approach to history
5085:Historical Dictionary of Tibet
5049:Pollard, Vincent, ed. (2011).
4848:. Cambridge University Press.
4454:. Hong Kong University Press.
3945:. Cambridge University Press.
3718:Debata, Mahesh Ranjan (2007).
3490:BURNS, john f. (6 July 1983).
3400:. Cambridge University Press.
3046:Islamic Culture, Volumes 27â29
2370:Technische UniversitĂ€t MĂŒnchen
1882:
1659:
1622:
1566:Second East Turkestan Republic
1530:Second East Turkestan Republic
1510:Second East Turkestan Republic
1500:Second East Turkestan Republic
1104:Arguments against independence
854:Second East Turkistan Republic
791:Second East Turkestan Republic
140:
110:
96:
73:
1:
10564:National liberation movements
10203:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
10198:Tibetan independence movement
10128:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
10088:Faroese independence movement
10073:Catalan independence movement
8201:Apak Khoja and Xiang Fei Tomb
7928:First East Turkestan Republic
7855:Dzungar conquest of Altishahr
7221:Collaborationist Chinese Army
5372:The Interpersonal Unconscious
5266:Rudelson, Justin Jon (1997).
3978:Forbes, Andrew D. W. (1986).
3421:. Columbia University Press.
3264:Papers by Command, Volume 101
3010:Linguistic Typology, Volume 2
1750:on the video-sharing website
1610:
1583:East Turkestan People's Party
1464:First East Turkestan Republic
1450:First East Turkestan Republic
1374:and, until October 2020, the
941:in the United States and the
811:First East Turkestan Republic
742:Islam during the Qing dynasty
669:by several countries and the
644:ethnic and religious conflict
10284:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
10193:Taiwan independence movement
10168:Ryukyu independence movement
10078:Champa independence movement
10058:Alsace independence movement
8354:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
8339:Tianjin Airlines Flight 7554
7897:Holy War of the Seven Khojas
6043:DW, News (7 November 2020).
5695:. Rutgers University Press.
5551:Islam Outside the Arab World
5312:Sanders, Alan J. K. (2010).
4194:The Silk Road: A New History
3373:Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2008).
3340:Bellér-Hann, Ildikó (2007).
2942:Andreyev, Alexandre (2014).
2921:Andreyev, Alexandre (2003).
2639:Cody, Edward (10 May 2006).
2132:"China's Secret Separatists"
1921:(Retrieved on 29 July 2014).
1615:
899:from the 1990s, such as the
621:Chinese Communist Revolution
141:DĆng TĆ«juĂ©sÄ«tÇn dĂșlĂŹ yĂčndĂČng
7:
10148:Mapuche separatist movement
8379:Assassination of Juma Tayir
8068:Xinjiang Medical University
7206:Central Asian collaborators
7022:Battaglione Azad Hindoustan
5622:. p. 1. Archived from
5199:Roberts, John A.G. (2011).
4842:Parker, Charles H. (2010).
4710:China's Search for Security
4664:. Vol. One. ABC-CLIO.
4630:Morozova, Irina Y. (2009).
4609:Millward, James A. (2007).
4588:Millward, James A. (1998).
4237:Howell, Anthony J. (2009).
3545:Clarke, Michael E. (2011).
3415:Bovingdon, Gardner (2010).
2839:Nathan & Scobell (2013)
1760:Uyghur Human Rights Project
1666:Millward, James A. (1998).
1588:
1242:Right to self-determination
761:invaded Kashgar during the
470:2nd East Turkestan Republic
465:1st East Turkestan Republic
10:
10610:
10183:Silesian Autonomy Movement
10063:Assam separatist movements
9218:Northern & Middle Asia
8583:ChinaâKyrgyzstan relations
8578:ChinaâKazakhstan relations
7945:People's Republic of China
7256:First Indian National Army
5871:Znamenski, Andrei (2011).
5471:Sinor, Denis, ed. (1990).
5354:10.1163/146481700793647788
4575:. Vol. 12. H. Tardieu
4231:10.1163/000000009793066460
3883:Dwyer, Arienne M. (2007).
3639:dambijantsan.doncroner.com
3608:dambijantsan.doncroner.com
3515:Bretschneider, E. (1876).
3290:. H.M. Stationery Office.
3267:. H.M. Stationery Office.
3244:. H.M. Stationery Office.
2900:Mesny's Chinese Miscellany
2864:
2725:MIPT Terror Knowledge Base
1493:
1402:and was the largest armed
1200:People's Republic of China
1191:
943:US invasion of Afghanistan
926:
801:After the collapse of the
750:
727:
723:
692:
18:
10500:
10452:
10226:
10188:Székely autonomy movement
10050:
9877:
9842:
9797:
9727:
9686:
9668:
9661:
9616:
9573:
9566:
9541:
9505:
9477:
9470:
9397:
9307:
9300:
9265:
9217:
9171:
9086:
9013:
8925:
8918:
8883:
8862:
8821:
8814:
8794:
8773:
8737:
8689:
8682:
8673:
8601:
8523:
8397:
8384:Xinjiang internment camps
8249:
8193:
8172:
8114:
8076:
8048:
7960:
7681:
7667:
7350:
7327:Vietnamese collaborators
7226:Defenders of the Homeland
7177:
6976:
6966:
6962:
6902:
6874:
6858:
6827:
6811:
6785:
6769:
6753:
6672:
6656:
6620:
6559:
6543:
6527:
6511:
6485:
6454:
6433:
6382:
6351:
6335:
6276:
6245:
6219:
6210:
5936:Mongolia Society (1970).
5811:Westad, Odd Arne (2012).
5783:Wayne, Martin I. (2007).
5689:Tyler, Christian (2004).
5116:. University Publishers.
4970:10.1017/s0026749x00016796
4928:Perdue, Peter C. (2009).
4898:Perdue, Peter C. (2005).
4756:Nyman, Lars-Erik (1977).
4502:Marks, Robert B. (2011).
4481:Mackerras, Colin (2003).
4322:. Ohio University Press.
4268:Return to the Silk Routes
4091:. Palgrave Macmillan US.
3911:Elliott, Mark C. (2001).
2902:. Vol. IV. Shanghai.
2855:Reed & Raschke (2010)
2704:Nathan & Scobell 2013
2037:Silk Road Studies Program
1635:Stanford University Press
1420:that participated in the
933:Xinjiang internment camps
753:Dungan Revolt (1862â1877)
499:Xinjiang internment camps
151:
133:
126:
121:
117:
103:
89:
84:
66:
61:
57:
50:
44:
39:
35:
30:
10118:Greenlandic independence
8588:ChinaâPakistan relations
8369:April 2014 ĂrĂŒmqi attack
8349:June 2013 Shanshan riots
8279:1997 ĂrĂŒmqi bus bombings
8040:LanzhouâXinjiang railway
7312:Taiwanese collaborators
7140:Ukrainian Insurgent Army
7080:National Republican Army
7070:Latvian Auxiliary Police
6995:Albanian Fascist Militia
5848:10.1177/0097700405282349
5110:Prakash, Buddha (1963).
4784:Paine, S. C. M. (1996).
4383:Lattimore, Owen (1955).
4316:Kaltman, Blaine (2007).
4190:Hansen, Valerie (2012).
4036:Gladney, Dru C. (2004).
4006:Gernet, Jacques (1996).
3799:Dillon, Michael (2003).
3771:Dillon, Michael (2008).
3661:Crowe, David M. (2014).
3551:. Taylor & Francis.
3229:: CS1 maint: location (
3192:: CS1 maint: location (
2086:Hopper & Webber 2009
1969:. pp. 35â38, 44â45.
955:Kurdish-Turkish conflict
901:1997 ĂrĂŒmqi bus bombings
874:People's Liberation Army
827:Battle of Kashgar (1934)
823:Battle of Kashgar (1933)
738:Xinjiang under Qing rule
600:a thousand years later.
307:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
302:Western Turkic Khaganate
105:Traditional Chinese
10569:Political controversies
8344:April 2013 Bachu unrest
8164:Chinese Islamic cuisine
7293:Royal Thai Armed Forces
7288:Manchukuo Imperial Army
7273:Lanka Sama Samaja Party
7211:East Turkestan military
7201:Burma Independence Army
7108:Russian Liberation Army
7065:Kalmykian Cavalry Corps
7027:Belarusian Home Defence
6991:Albanian collaborators
4293:Kadeer, Rebiya (2009).
4162:Harris, Rachel (2004).
3521:. TrĂŒbner & Company
2721:27 January 2006 at the
2403:International Socialism
2325:Vassallo, Christopher.
2039:: 19â24. Archived from
1758:), the chairman of the
1398:(ETPRP) â was a Uyghur
1356:Turkistan Islamic Party
1349:terrorist organizations
1279:Chinese Soviet Republic
1271:Chinese Communist Party
1235:Chinese Communist Party
1188:Chinese government view
1096:of China, which is the
889:Chinese economic reform
807:Republic of China (ROC)
675:Turkistan Islamic Party
667:terrorist organizations
312:Second Turkic Khaganate
91:Simplified Chinese
21:Turkistan Islamic Party
10594:Indigenous land rights
10554:International disputes
10549:Independence movements
10143:MÄori protest movement
8593:ChinaâTurkey relations
8374:May 2014 ĂrĂŒmqi attack
8304:July 2009 ĂrĂŒmqi riots
7909:Reconquest of Xinjiang
7769:Four Garrisons of Anxi
7297:Russian collaborators
7283:Malayan Volunteer Army
7104:Russian collaborators
7047:Finnish Defence Forces
5982:: CS1 maint: others (
5927:: CS1 maint: others (
5620:Bloomberg Businessweek
5293:The Lewiston Daily Sun
4814:Palmer, James (2011).
4541:Martyn, Norma (1987).
4358:Kim, Kwangmin (2008).
3746:Dickens, Mark (1990).
3667:. Palgrave Macmillan.
3457:Benson, Linda (1990).
3394:Biran, Michal (2005).
3156:: CS1 maint: others (
3069:: CS1 maint: others (
3035:: CS1 maint: others (
2195:"Who are the Uyghurs?"
1343:Militant organizations
1310:
1198:The government of the
836:in the context of the
798:
297:First Turkic Khaganate
185:
166:
10173:Scottish independence
10138:Kashubian Association
9860:Indigenous Australian
8573:World Uyghur Congress
8566:Independence movement
8536:Migration to Xinjiang
8329:Pishan hostage crisis
7306:Russian Fascist Party
7162:Polish Wehrmacht Army
7090:Romanian Armed Forces
7042:Croatian Armed Forces
6203:stateless nationalism
5348:(2). Brill: 239â271.
5136:March of Central Asia
4870:Pegg, Carole (2001).
4728:Newby, L. J. (2005).
4394:Lorge, Peter (2006).
3196:) CS1 maint: others (
2886:in the United States.
2508:Chen, Yu-Wen (2013).
2291:, pp. 25, 30â31.
2233:. 29 September 2016.
2230:World Uyghur Congress
1987:The American Prospect
1480:Palestinian Authority
1308:
1219:CCP general secretary
1192:Further information:
1184:in the 20th century.
1140:) were set up by the
961:Views on independence
788:
730:Migration to Xinjiang
172:
160:
10379:Marathi Abhimaangeet
10178:Siberian regionalism
8324:2011 Kashgar attacks
8269:1992 ĂrĂŒmqi bombings
8221:Grand Bazaar, ĂrĂŒmqi
8000:GurbantĂŒnggĂŒt Desert
7776:Beiting Protectorate
7268:Korean collaborators
7263:Inner Mongolian Army
7251:Indian National Army
7095:Royal Hungarian Army
5996:The Montreal Gazette
5961:Central Asia Monitor
5942:. Mongolia Society.
5139:. Indus Publishing.
4958:Modern Asian Studies
4337:Kim, Hodong (2004).
3630:Croner, Don (2010).
3599:Croner, Don (2009).
2551:Jamestown Foundation
1546:White Russian exiles
1470:Opposition includes
1277:for the short-lived
1136:) and commanderies (
994:improve this article
897:separatist terrorism
10579:Separatism in China
10574:Rebellions in China
10544:History of Xinjiang
10470:American Indigenous
10103:Free Papua Movement
9513:Balkar and Karachay
9308:Southeastern Europe
8839:Indigenous Canadian
8510:Ghulam Osman Yaghma
8359:2014 Kunming attack
8334:2012 Yecheng attack
8294:2008 Kashgar attack
8194:Visitor attractions
8058:Xinjiang University
8020:Karakoram Mountains
7892:Afaqi Khoja revolts
7798:Kara-Khanid Khanate
7321:Takasago Volunteers
7236:Gando Special Force
7187:Arakan Defense Army
7120:Security Battalions
6680:Balkar and Karachay
6021:. O. Harrassowitz.
5728:. O. Harrassowitz.
5581:Tamm, Eric (2013).
5133:Rahul, Ram (2000).
3752:OXUS COMMUNICATIONS
3617:on 3 September 2014
2583:. 29 October 2009.
2142:on 11 October 2017.
2107:. 17 October 2001.
2088:, pp. 173â175.
1917:3 July 2019 at the
1770:at the time (named
1762:at the time (named
1456:Young Kashgar Party
1322:Civil organizations
1301:Government-in-exile
1273:(CCP) had issued a
1150:An Lushan rebellion
1110:Government of China
397:Ming ruled Kara Del
354:Kara-Khanid Khanate
10515:ethnic nationalism
10218:Welsh independence
10098:Free Aceh Movement
9330:in North Macedonia
9172:South-eastern Asia
8667:Ethnic nationalism
8289:2008 Uyghur unrest
8284:2007 Xinjiang raid
8259:1989 ĂrĂŒmqi unrest
8106:Tocharian clothing
7130:Slovene Home Guard
6312:Southern Mongolian
6079:has generic name (
5670:Transitions Online
5202:A History of China
3758:on 23 October 2008
3648:on 11 January 2016
3496:The New York Times
3310:China, Japan, Siam
2104:Human Rights Watch
2046:on 6 January 2011.
1994:on 11 October 2017
1460:Turkic nationalist
1446:Turkic nationalist
1387:Historical support
1311:
1252:self-determination
1217:In a 2014 speech,
1089:) or the previous
834:Chinese Communists
799:
793:was a short-lived
705:self-determination
330:Tang Protectorates
186:
167:
10526:
10525:
10269:Catalan Countries
9873:
9872:
9838:
9837:
9793:
9792:
9657:
9656:
9562:
9561:
9296:
9295:
8914:
8913:
8810:
8809:
8633:
8632:
8546:Chinese Turkestan
8319:2011 Hotan attack
8314:2010 Aksu bombing
8299:Shaoguan incident
8251:Xinjiang conflict
8206:Flaming Mountains
8096:Meshrep gathering
8015:Turpan Depression
8010:Taklamakan Desert
7994:Southern Xinjiang
7950:PRC incorporation
7916:Republic of China
7860:DzungarâQing Wars
7723:Kingdom of Khotan
7626:
7625:
7622:
7621:
7605:
7456:
7346:
7345:
7217:Chin Defense Army
7181:collaborationists
7152:Wehrmacht foreign
7147:Waffen-SS foreign
7051:
6985:collaborationists
6918:
6917:
6477:South Azerbaijani
6124:pp. 113â118.
5884:978-0-8356-0891-6
5826:978-0-465-02936-5
5796:978-1-134-10623-3
5763:978-1-135-07875-1
5702:978-0-8135-3533-3
5594:978-1-58243-876-4
5561:978-1-136-11330-7
5512:978-1-136-57609-6
5382:978-0-7657-0870-0
5375:. Jason Aronson.
5325:978-0-8108-7452-7
5212:978-0-230-34411-2
5179:978-0-313-36540-9
5095:978-0-8108-7984-3
5062:978-90-04-19445-8
5034:978-1-61530-134-8
5006:978-1-61530-182-9
4941:978-0-674-04202-5
4855:978-1-139-49141-9
4827:978-0-465-02207-6
4720:978-0-231-51164-3
4699:978-0-313-37577-4
4671:978-0-313-37576-7
4643:978-1-135-78437-9
4622:978-0-231-13924-3
4554:978-0-454-00836-4
4515:978-1-4422-1277-0
4428:978-1-84545-452-4
4371:978-1-109-10126-3
4329:978-0-89680-254-4
4308:978-0-9798456-1-1
4278:978-1-136-17519-0
4250:978-1-109-24323-9
4209:978-0-19-993921-3
4147:978-0-7391-4029-1
4119:978-0-7391-2094-1
4098:978-0-230-10787-8
4049:978-0-226-29776-7
3896:978-3-447-04091-4
3784:978-1-134-29054-3
3731:978-81-8274-325-0
3710:978-975-428-366-2
3674:978-1-137-03701-5
3558:978-1-136-82706-8
3470:978-0-87332-509-7
3428:978-0-231-51941-0
3407:978-0-521-84226-6
3386:978-90-04-16675-2
3353:978-0-7546-7041-4
2955:978-90-04-27043-5
2671:"Country Reports"
2523:978-1-315-88542-1
2432:, 1960, pp223-224
2386:, 1951, pp148-149
2303:, pp. 25â26.
1679:978-0-8047-2933-8
1644:978-0-8047-9764-1
1540:government under
1538:Republic of China
1518:Republic of China
1504:Xinjiang conflict
1422:Xinjiang conflict
1378:, as well as the
1070:
1069:
1062:
1044:
929:Xinjiang conflict
850:Ili (Yining City)
838:Chinese Civil War
623:(1949), although
613:Republic of China
609:DzungarâQing Wars
546:
545:
494:Xinjiang conflict
262:Kingdom of Khotan
155:
154:
147:
146:
128:Standard Mandarin
80:
79:
10601:
10519:
10404:Republika Srpska
10213:Walloon Movement
10093:Flemish Movement
9666:
9665:
9571:
9570:
9475:
9474:
9305:
9304:
8923:
8922:
8819:
8818:
8687:
8686:
8680:
8679:
8660:
8653:
8646:
8637:
8636:
8621:
8620:
8609:
8608:
8030:Kunlun Mountains
7865:Dzungar genocide
7825:Chagatai Khanate
7788:Uyghur Khaganate
7728:Sixteen Kingdoms
7653:
7646:
7639:
7630:
7629:
7603:
7454:
7100:Royal Iraqi Army
7049:
6974:
6973:
6964:
6963:
6945:
6938:
6931:
6922:
6921:
6895:
6850:Western Armenian
6535:North Kazakhstan
6237:South Turkestani
6188:
6181:
6174:
6165:
6164:
6114:
6084:
6078:
6074:
6072:
6064:
6062:
6060:
6039:
6037:
6035:
6011:
6009:
6007:
5987:
5981:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5955:
5953:
5951:
5932:
5926:
5918:
5916:
5914:
5900:
5898:
5896:
5867:
5830:
5818:
5807:
5805:
5803:
5779:
5777:
5775:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5685:
5683:
5681:
5660:
5658:
5656:
5647:. Archived from
5635:
5633:
5631:
5610:
5608:
5606:
5601:on 1 August 2020
5597:. Archived from
5587:. Counterpoint.
5577:
5575:
5573:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5516:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5467:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5398:
5396:
5394:
5365:
5336:
5334:
5332:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5283:
5262:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5219:on 29 April 2016
5215:. Archived from
5195:
5193:
5191:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5106:
5104:
5102:
5078:
5076:
5074:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5017:
5015:
5013:
4989:
4952:
4950:
4948:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4905:
4894:
4892:
4890:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4791:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4724:
4703:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4626:
4605:
4584:
4582:
4580:
4565:
4563:
4561:
4537:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4498:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4411:
4390:
4389:. Brill Archive.
4379:
4374:. Archived from
4354:
4333:
4312:
4300:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4233:
4213:
4197:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4130:
4128:
4126:
4102:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4053:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4013:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3974:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3754:. Archived from
3742:
3740:
3738:
3714:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3647:
3636:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3616:
3605:
3595:
3593:
3586:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3541:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3486:
3484:
3482:
3453:
3432:
3411:
3390:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3280:
3278:
3276:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3234:
3228:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3201:
3191:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3161:
3155:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3074:
3068:
3060:
3040:
3034:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2938:
2917:
2911:
2903:
2875:
2874:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2836:
2830:
2820:
2814:
2804:
2798:
2795:Bellér-Hann 2007
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2726:
2713:
2707:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2581:Voice of America
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2510:The Uyghur Lobby
2505:
2499:
2498:
2479:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2439:
2433:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2393:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2263:. Archived from
2257:"About Xinjiang"
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2191:
2185:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2150:
2144:
2143:
2138:. Archived from
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2022:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1990:. Archived from
1977:
1971:
1970:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1932:"About the ETGE"
1928:
1922:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1785:
1783:
1735:
1726:
1725:
1719:
1717:
1700:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1626:
1560:rule during the
1224:argued that the
1065:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1045:
1043:
1002:
978:
970:
538:
531:
524:
423:Dzungar genocide
377:Chagatai Khanate
359:Kingdom of Qocho
349:Uyghur Khaganate
250:Han Protectorate
216:
206:
188:
187:
176:, featuring the
143:
142:
119:
118:
113:
112:
99:
98:
76:
75:
59:
58:
52:
28:
27:
10609:
10608:
10604:
10603:
10602:
10600:
10599:
10598:
10529:
10528:
10527:
10522:
10504:
10496:
10448:
10384:Northern Epirus
10354:Ketuanan Melayu
10222:
10108:Future of Ă
land
10046:
9982:Native American
9879:Pan-nationalism
9869:
9834:
9798:Northern Europe
9789:
9723:
9682:
9662:Southern Europe
9653:
9612:
9558:
9537:
9501:
9466:
9393:
9292:
9261:
9213:
9167:
9082:
9009:
8910:
8879:
8858:
8849:Native American
8806:
8795:Southern Africa
8790:
8769:
8733:
8675:
8669:
8664:
8634:
8629:
8597:
8519:
8505:Shirzat Bawudun
8460:Saifuddin Azizi
8393:
8274:Ghulja incident
8245:
8189:
8180:Cotton industry
8168:
8110:
8072:
8044:
8035:Pamir Mountains
8025:Altai Mountains
7956:
7850:Dzungar Khanate
7845:Yarkent Khanate
7677:
7663:
7657:
7627:
7618:
7371:Italian Albania
7342:
7173:
6981:
6958:
6949:
6919:
6914:
6898:
6889:
6870:
6854:
6823:
6807:
6781:
6765:
6749:
6668:
6652:
6616:
6555:
6539:
6523:
6507:
6481:
6450:
6429:
6378:
6347:
6343:Turkish Cypriot
6331:
6272:
6241:
6215:
6206:
6192:
6162:
6131:pp. 68â70.
6092:
6090:Further reading
6087:
6076:
6075:
6066:
6065:
6058:
6056:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6005:
6003:
5990:
5975:
5974:
5967:
5965:
5958:
5949:
5947:
5920:
5919:
5912:
5910:
5903:
5894:
5892:
5885:
5827:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5773:
5771:
5764:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5712:
5710:
5703:
5679:
5677:
5654:
5652:
5629:
5627:
5604:
5602:
5595:
5571:
5569:
5562:
5538:
5536:
5534:
5513:
5489:
5487:
5485:
5462:
5453:
5451:
5449:
5425:
5423:
5416:
5392:
5390:
5383:
5330:
5328:
5326:
5302:
5300:
5280:
5245:
5243:
5222:
5220:
5213:
5189:
5187:
5180:
5156:
5154:
5147:
5123:
5121:
5100:
5098:
5096:
5072:
5070:
5063:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4918:
4916:
4914:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4721:
4700:
4676:
4674:
4672:
4648:
4646:
4644:
4623:
4602:
4578:
4576:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4495:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4438:
4436:
4429:
4408:
4372:
4351:
4330:
4309:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4210:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4099:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4050:
4026:
4024:
4022:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3973:. J. H. Colton.
3957:
3955:
3953:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3873:
3871:
3869:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3817:
3815:
3813:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3761:
3759:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3711:
3695:Dankoff, Robert
3684:
3682:
3675:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3634:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3603:
3594:on 6 July 2011.
3591:
3584:
3568:
3566:
3559:
3524:
3522:
3505:
3503:
3480:
3478:
3471:
3463:. M.E. Sharpe.
3450:
3429:
3408:
3387:
3363:
3361:
3354:
3330:
3328:
3321:
3297:
3295:
3274:
3272:
3251:
3249:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3212:
3185:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3164:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3123:
3114:
3112:
3090:
3088:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3028:
3027:
3020:
3018:
2998:
2996:
2989:
2965:
2963:
2956:
2935:
2905:
2904:
2890:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2837:
2833:
2821:
2817:
2805:
2801:
2793:
2789:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2757:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2723:Wayback Machine
2714:
2710:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2645:Washington Post
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2613:Radio Free Asia
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2535:
2531:
2524:
2506:
2502:
2480:
2469:
2459:
2457:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2394:
2390:
2381:
2377:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2323:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2280:
2270:
2268:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2208:
2206:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2176:
2172:
2151:
2147:
2128:
2124:
2114:
2112:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2020:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1978:
1974:
1959:
1955:
1945:
1943:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1919:Wayback Machine
1910:
1906:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1781:
1779:
1736:
1729:
1715:
1713:
1701:
1694:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1664:
1660:
1645:
1637:. p. 171.
1627:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1591:
1542:Chiang Kai-shek
1506:
1494:Main articles:
1492:
1400:communist party
1389:
1345:
1324:
1303:
1294:
1244:
1196:
1190:
1106:
1083:successor state
1066:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1003:
1001:
991:
979:
968:
963:
935:
925:
912:Ghulja Incident
885:
783:
755:
749:
744:
726:
718:Yarkent Khanate
697:
691:
661:" (a.k.a. the "
617:1911 Revolution
605:Dzungar Khanate
558:northwest China
542:
513:
512:
460:Xinjiang clique
449:
441:
440:
433:Qing reconquest
402:Dzungar Khanate
325:
317:
316:
254:Chief Officials
244:Western Regions
224:
204:
197:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10607:
10597:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10559:Islam in China
10556:
10551:
10546:
10541:
10524:
10523:
10521:
10520:
10501:
10498:
10497:
10495:
10494:
10493:
10492:
10487:
10482:
10477:
10472:
10462:
10456:
10454:
10450:
10449:
10447:
10446:
10441:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10339:Karakalpakstan
10336:
10331:
10326:
10321:
10319:East Turkestan
10316:
10311:
10306:
10301:
10296:
10291:
10286:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10230:
10228:
10224:
10223:
10221:
10220:
10215:
10210:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10190:
10185:
10180:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10145:
10140:
10135:
10130:
10125:
10120:
10115:
10110:
10105:
10100:
10095:
10090:
10085:
10080:
10075:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10054:
10052:
10048:
10047:
10045:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9984:
9979:
9974:
9969:
9964:
9959:
9954:
9949:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9914:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9883:
9881:
9875:
9874:
9871:
9870:
9868:
9867:
9862:
9857:
9852:
9846:
9844:
9840:
9839:
9836:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9801:
9799:
9795:
9794:
9791:
9790:
9788:
9787:
9782:
9777:
9772:
9767:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9747:
9742:
9737:
9731:
9729:
9725:
9724:
9722:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9690:
9688:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9680:
9675:
9669:
9663:
9659:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9626:
9620:
9618:
9617:United Kingdom
9614:
9613:
9611:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9574:
9568:
9567:Western Europe
9564:
9563:
9560:
9559:
9557:
9556:
9551:
9545:
9543:
9539:
9538:
9536:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9509:
9507:
9506:North Caucasus
9503:
9502:
9500:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9478:
9472:
9471:Eastern Europe
9468:
9467:
9465:
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9438:
9437:
9432:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9401:
9399:
9398:Central Europe
9395:
9394:
9392:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9379:Romani (Gypsy)
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9360:
9359:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9333:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9311:
9309:
9302:
9298:
9297:
9294:
9293:
9291:
9290:
9285:
9280:
9275:
9269:
9267:
9266:South Caucasus
9263:
9262:
9260:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9238:
9237:
9235:South Mongolia
9227:
9221:
9219:
9215:
9214:
9212:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9175:
9173:
9169:
9168:
9166:
9165:
9160:
9159:
9158:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9113:
9108:
9107:
9106:
9096:
9090:
9088:
9084:
9083:
9081:
9080:
9075:
9070:
9065:
9060:
9055:
9050:
9045:
9040:
9039:
9038:
9028:
9023:
9017:
9015:
9011:
9010:
9008:
9007:
9002:
9001:
9000:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8970:
8965:
8964:
8963:
8958:
8950:
8945:
8940:
8935:
8929:
8927:
8920:
8916:
8915:
8912:
8911:
8909:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8893:
8887:
8885:
8881:
8880:
8878:
8877:
8872:
8866:
8864:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8825:
8823:
8816:
8812:
8811:
8808:
8807:
8805:
8804:
8798:
8796:
8792:
8791:
8789:
8788:
8783:
8777:
8775:
8771:
8770:
8768:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8747:
8741:
8739:
8735:
8734:
8732:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8720:
8719:
8709:
8704:
8699:
8693:
8691:
8684:
8677:
8671:
8670:
8663:
8662:
8655:
8648:
8640:
8631:
8630:
8628:
8627:
8615:
8602:
8599:
8598:
8596:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8558:
8553:
8551:East Turkestan
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8527:
8525:
8521:
8520:
8518:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8485:Zhang Chunxian
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8450:Ehmetjan Qasim
8447:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8417:
8415:Jahangir Khoja
8412:
8407:
8401:
8399:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8301:
8296:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8264:Barin uprising
8261:
8255:
8253:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8228:
8223:
8218:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8197:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8188:
8187:
8182:
8176:
8174:
8170:
8169:
8167:
8166:
8161:
8156:
8151:
8146:
8141:
8136:
8131:
8126:
8120:
8118:
8112:
8111:
8109:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8093:
8088:
8086:Doppa Festival
8082:
8080:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8070:
8065:
8060:
8054:
8052:
8046:
8045:
8043:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7987:
7977:
7972:
7966:
7964:
7958:
7957:
7955:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7942:
7941:
7940:
7930:
7925:
7924:
7923:
7913:
7912:
7911:
7906:
7904:General of Ili
7901:
7900:
7899:
7889:
7884:
7874:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7847:
7842:
7840:Turpan Khanate
7837:
7832:
7827:
7822:
7817:
7812:
7807:
7806:
7805:
7795:
7790:
7785:
7783:Tibetan Empire
7780:
7779:
7778:
7773:
7772:
7771:
7756:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7719:
7718:
7713:
7703:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7685:
7679:
7678:
7668:
7665:
7664:
7656:
7655:
7648:
7641:
7633:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7616:
7611:
7606:
7598:
7597:
7596:
7591:
7586:
7585:
7584:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7427:
7425:East Turkestan
7417:
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7375:
7374:
7373:
7368:
7366:German Albania
7357:
7355:
7353:Axis countries
7348:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7340:
7339:
7338:
7336:Vanguard Youth
7333:
7325:
7324:
7323:
7318:
7310:
7309:
7308:
7303:
7295:
7290:
7285:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7203:
7198:
7193:
7191:Armistice Army
7188:
7184:
7182:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7171:
7170:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7149:
7144:
7143:
7142:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7116:
7115:
7110:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7017:Armistice Army
7014:
7009:
7008:
7007:
7002:
7000:Balli Kombëtar
6997:
6988:
6986:
6971:
6960:
6959:
6956:Imperial Japan
6948:
6947:
6940:
6933:
6925:
6916:
6915:
6913:
6912:
6906:
6904:
6900:
6899:
6897:
6896:
6884:
6878:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6869:
6868:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6847:
6842:
6837:
6831:
6829:
6825:
6824:
6822:
6821:
6815:
6813:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6789:
6787:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6779:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6766:
6764:
6763:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6687:
6682:
6676:
6674:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6660:
6658:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6624:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6615:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6563:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6553:
6547:
6545:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6537:
6531:
6529:
6525:
6524:
6522:
6521:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6500:
6495:
6489:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6464:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6448:
6443:
6437:
6435:
6431:
6430:
6428:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6386:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6292:East Turkestan
6289:
6284:
6280:
6278:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6249:
6247:
6243:
6242:
6240:
6239:
6234:
6229:
6223:
6221:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6208:
6207:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6176:
6168:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6148:
6145:
6142:
6132:
6128:
6125:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6097:Burhan Shahidi
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6085:
6040:
6027:
6012:
5988:
5956:
5933:
5901:
5883:
5868:
5831:
5825:
5808:
5795:
5780:
5762:
5747:
5734:
5719:
5701:
5686:
5661:
5651:on 13 May 2014
5636:
5626:on 5 July 2015
5611:
5593:
5578:
5560:
5545:
5532:
5517:
5511:
5496:
5483:
5468:
5460:
5447:
5432:
5414:
5399:
5381:
5366:
5337:
5324:
5309:
5284:
5278:
5263:
5252:
5229:
5211:
5196:
5178:
5163:
5145:
5130:
5107:
5094:
5079:
5061:
5046:
5033:
5018:
5005:
4990:
4953:
4940:
4925:
4912:
4895:
4882:
4867:
4854:
4839:
4826:
4811:
4798:
4781:
4768:
4753:
4740:
4725:
4719:
4704:
4698:
4683:
4670:
4655:
4642:
4627:
4621:
4606:
4600:
4585:
4566:
4553:
4538:
4527:
4514:
4499:
4493:
4478:
4460:
4445:
4427:
4412:
4406:
4391:
4380:
4370:
4355:
4349:
4334:
4328:
4313:
4307:
4290:
4277:
4262:
4249:
4234:
4214:
4208:
4187:
4174:
4159:
4146:
4131:
4118:
4103:
4097:
4082:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4033:
4020:
4003:
3990:
3975:
3964:
3951:
3936:
3923:
3908:
3895:
3880:
3867:
3852:
3839:
3824:
3811:
3796:
3783:
3768:
3743:
3730:
3715:
3709:
3703:. Isis Press.
3691:
3673:
3658:
3627:
3596:
3575:
3557:
3542:
3531:
3512:
3487:
3469:
3454:
3448:
3433:
3427:
3412:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3370:
3352:
3337:
3319:
3304:
3281:
3258:
3235:
3202:
3162:
3135:
3121:
3097:
3075:
3055:
3041:
3005:
2987:
2972:
2954:
2939:
2933:
2918:
2896:Mesny, William
2891:
2889:
2888:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2847:
2831:
2815:
2799:
2787:
2785:, p. 138.
2775:
2773:, p. 174.
2763:
2761:, p. 173.
2751:
2739:
2727:
2708:
2702:, p. 69;
2698:, p. 57;
2688:
2662:
2631:
2598:
2568:
2529:
2522:
2500:
2467:
2434:
2421:
2388:
2375:
2350:
2317:
2313:Bovingdon 2010
2305:
2301:Bovingdon 2010
2293:
2289:Bovingdon 2010
2278:
2267:on 3 June 2019
2248:
2216:
2186:
2170:
2145:
2122:
2090:
2078:
2049:
2005:
1972:
1953:
1923:
1904:
1881:
1855:
1829:
1814:. April 2007.
1812:United Nations
1796:
1727:
1692:
1678:
1658:
1643:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1587:
1570:Ehmetjan Qasim
1491:
1488:
1486:among others.
1468:
1467:
1453:
1439:
1425:
1411:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1380:United Nations
1344:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1302:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1243:
1240:
1189:
1186:
1105:
1102:
1068:
1067:
982:
980:
973:
967:
964:
962:
959:
947:Nurmemet Yasin
924:
921:
884:
881:
782:
779:
748:
745:
725:
722:
701:East Turkestan
695:East Turkestan
693:Main article:
690:
687:
673:, such as the
671:United Nations
554:East Turkestan
544:
543:
541:
540:
533:
526:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
506:
491:
480:
475:
474:
473:
467:
462:
450:
447:
446:
443:
442:
439:
438:
437:
436:
430:
425:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
380:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
344:Tibetan Empire
341:
326:
323:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
258:
257:
241:
236:
231:
225:
223:Ancient period
222:
221:
218:
217:
209:
208:
199:
198:
191:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
137:
131:
130:
124:
123:
122:Transcriptions
115:
114:
107:
101:
100:
93:
87:
86:
82:
81:
78:
77:
70:
64:
63:
62:Transcriptions
55:
54:
48:
42:
41:
37:
36:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10606:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10540:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10517:
10516:
10512:
10511:ethnic groups
10508:
10503:
10502:
10499:
10491:
10488:
10486:
10483:
10481:
10478:
10476:
10473:
10471:
10468:
10467:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10460:Local (China)
10458:
10457:
10455:
10451:
10445:
10442:
10440:
10437:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10324:Herzeg-Bosnia
10322:
10320:
10317:
10315:
10312:
10310:
10307:
10305:
10302:
10300:
10297:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10287:
10285:
10282:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10231:
10229:
10225:
10219:
10216:
10214:
10211:
10209:
10206:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10196:
10194:
10191:
10189:
10186:
10184:
10181:
10179:
10176:
10174:
10171:
10169:
10166:
10164:
10161:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10124:
10121:
10119:
10116:
10114:
10111:
10109:
10106:
10104:
10101:
10099:
10096:
10094:
10091:
10089:
10086:
10084:
10081:
10079:
10076:
10074:
10071:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10055:
10053:
10049:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9983:
9980:
9978:
9975:
9973:
9970:
9968:
9965:
9963:
9960:
9958:
9955:
9953:
9950:
9948:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9923:
9920:
9918:
9915:
9913:
9910:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9884:
9882:
9880:
9876:
9866:
9863:
9861:
9858:
9856:
9853:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9841:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9802:
9800:
9796:
9786:
9783:
9781:
9778:
9776:
9773:
9771:
9768:
9766:
9763:
9761:
9758:
9756:
9753:
9751:
9748:
9746:
9743:
9741:
9738:
9736:
9733:
9732:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9691:
9689:
9685:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9670:
9667:
9664:
9660:
9650:
9647:
9645:
9642:
9640:
9637:
9635:
9632:
9630:
9627:
9625:
9622:
9621:
9619:
9615:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9575:
9572:
9569:
9565:
9555:
9552:
9550:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9540:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9510:
9508:
9504:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9479:
9476:
9473:
9469:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9427:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9396:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9358:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9316:
9313:
9312:
9310:
9306:
9303:
9299:
9289:
9286:
9284:
9281:
9279:
9276:
9274:
9271:
9270:
9268:
9264:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9236:
9233:
9232:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9222:
9220:
9216:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9176:
9174:
9170:
9164:
9161:
9157:
9154:
9153:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9105:
9104:in Bangladesh
9102:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9095:
9092:
9091:
9089:
9087:Southern Asia
9085:
9079:
9076:
9074:
9071:
9069:
9066:
9064:
9061:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9051:
9049:
9046:
9044:
9041:
9037:
9034:
9033:
9032:
9029:
9027:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9018:
9016:
9012:
9006:
9003:
8999:
8996:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8962:
8959:
8957:
8954:
8953:
8951:
8949:
8946:
8944:
8941:
8939:
8936:
8934:
8931:
8930:
8928:
8924:
8921:
8917:
8907:
8904:
8902:
8899:
8897:
8894:
8892:
8889:
8888:
8886:
8884:South America
8882:
8876:
8873:
8871:
8868:
8867:
8865:
8861:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8826:
8824:
8822:North America
8820:
8817:
8813:
8803:
8800:
8799:
8797:
8793:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8779:
8778:
8776:
8772:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8736:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8698:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8688:
8685:
8681:
8678:
8672:
8668:
8661:
8656:
8654:
8649:
8647:
8642:
8641:
8638:
8626:
8625:
8616:
8614:
8613:
8604:
8603:
8600:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8567:
8564:
8563:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8531:Uyghur people
8529:
8528:
8526:
8522:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8495:Salih Hudayar
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8465:Rebiya Kadeer
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8440:Sabit Damolla
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8416:
8413:
8411:
8408:
8406:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8396:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8295:
8292:
8290:
8287:
8285:
8282:
8280:
8277:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8267:
8265:
8262:
8260:
8257:
8256:
8254:
8252:
8248:
8242:
8239:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8227:
8226:Id Kah Mosque
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8198:
8196:
8192:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8171:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8155:
8152:
8150:
8147:
8145:
8142:
8140:
8137:
8135:
8132:
8130:
8127:
8125:
8122:
8121:
8119:
8117:
8113:
8107:
8104:
8102:
8099:
8097:
8094:
8092:
8089:
8087:
8084:
8083:
8081:
8079:
8075:
8069:
8066:
8064:
8061:
8059:
8056:
8055:
8053:
8051:
8047:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8005:Kumtag Desert
8003:
8001:
7998:
7995:
7991:
7988:
7985:
7981:
7980:Junggar Basin
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7963:
7959:
7951:
7948:
7947:
7946:
7943:
7939:
7938:Ili Rebellion
7936:
7935:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7922:
7921:Xinjiang Wars
7919:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7898:
7895:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7888:
7885:
7883:
7880:
7879:
7878:
7875:
7873:
7872:Kumul Khanate
7870:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7848:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7838:
7836:
7833:
7831:
7828:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7815:Mongol Empire
7813:
7811:
7808:
7804:
7801:
7800:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7777:
7774:
7770:
7767:
7766:
7765:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7708:
7707:
7704:
7702:
7699:
7697:
7694:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7684:
7680:
7675:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7654:
7649:
7647:
7642:
7640:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7602:
7599:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7583:
7580:
7579:
7578:
7575:
7574:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7482:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7436:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7403:
7401:
7398:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7378:Baltic states
7376:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7363:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7354:
7349:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7311:
7307:
7304:
7302:
7301:Asano Brigade
7299:
7298:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7289:
7286:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7241:Golden Square
7239:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7216:
7212:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7204:
7202:
7199:
7197:
7196:Black Columns
7194:
7192:
7189:
7186:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7176:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7154:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7141:
7138:
7137:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7105:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7055:Golden Square
7053:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7032:Blue Division
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7006:
7005:Cham Albanian
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6979:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6953:
6946:
6941:
6939:
6934:
6932:
6927:
6926:
6923:
6911:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6901:
6893:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6879:
6877:
6873:
6867:
6864:
6863:
6861:
6857:
6851:
6848:
6846:
6843:
6841:
6840:Eastern Greek
6838:
6836:
6833:
6832:
6830:
6826:
6820:
6817:
6816:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6790:
6788:
6784:
6778:
6775:
6774:
6772:
6768:
6762:
6759:
6758:
6756:
6752:
6746:
6743:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6705:Crimean Tatar
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6678:
6677:
6675:
6671:
6665:
6662:
6661:
6659:
6655:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6625:
6623:
6619:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6570:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6558:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6542:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6526:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6514:
6510:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6484:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6465:
6463:
6460:
6459:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6438:
6436:
6432:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6387:
6385:
6381:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6334:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6275:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6244:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6189:
6184:
6182:
6177:
6175:
6170:
6169:
6166:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6149:
6146:
6143:
6141:(2), 119â136.
6140:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6112:
6107:
6104:
6101:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6082:
6070:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6041:
6030:
6028:3-447-02237-X
6024:
6020:
6019:
6013:
6001:
5997:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5979:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5945:
5941:
5940:
5934:
5930:
5924:
5908:
5907:
5902:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5876:
5875:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5809:
5798:
5792:
5789:. Routledge.
5788:
5787:
5781:
5769:
5765:
5759:
5756:. Routledge.
5755:
5754:
5748:
5737:
5735:3-447-02237-X
5731:
5727:
5726:
5720:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5687:
5675:
5671:
5667:
5662:
5650:
5646:
5642:
5637:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5612:
5600:
5596:
5590:
5586:
5585:
5579:
5567:
5563:
5557:
5554:. Routledge.
5553:
5552:
5546:
5535:
5533:0-7656-1318-2
5529:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5514:
5508:
5505:. Routledge.
5504:
5503:
5497:
5486:
5484:0-7007-0380-2
5480:
5476:
5475:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5450:
5448:0-02-865850-7
5444:
5440:
5439:
5433:
5421:
5417:
5415:0-7656-0510-4
5411:
5407:
5406:
5400:
5388:
5384:
5378:
5374:
5373:
5367:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5338:
5327:
5321:
5317:
5316:
5310:
5298:
5295:. p. 3.
5294:
5290:
5285:
5281:
5279:0-231-10786-2
5275:
5271:
5270:
5264:
5260:
5259:
5253:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5230:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5204:
5203:
5197:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5164:
5152:
5148:
5146:81-7387-109-4
5142:
5138:
5137:
5131:
5119:
5115:
5114:
5108:
5097:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5080:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5036:
5030:
5026:
5025:
5019:
5008:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4963:
4959:
4954:
4943:
4937:
4933:
4932:
4926:
4915:
4913:0-674-01684-X
4909:
4904:
4903:
4896:
4885:
4883:0-295-98030-3
4879:
4875:
4874:
4868:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4840:
4829:
4823:
4819:
4818:
4812:
4801:
4799:1-56324-724-0
4795:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4771:
4769:91-24-27287-6
4765:
4761:
4760:
4754:
4743:
4741:90-04-14550-8
4737:
4733:
4732:
4726:
4722:
4716:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4695:
4691:
4690:
4684:
4673:
4667:
4663:
4662:
4656:
4645:
4639:
4636:. Routledge.
4635:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4613:
4607:
4603:
4601:0-8047-2933-6
4597:
4593:
4592:
4586:
4574:
4573:
4567:
4556:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4544:The silk road
4539:
4535:
4534:
4528:
4517:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4500:
4496:
4494:1-134-39288-5
4490:
4487:. Routledge.
4486:
4485:
4479:
4467:
4463:
4461:962-209-402-3
4457:
4453:
4452:
4446:
4434:
4430:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4413:
4409:
4407:1-134-37286-8
4403:
4400:. Routledge.
4399:
4398:
4392:
4388:
4387:
4381:
4377:
4373:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4356:
4352:
4350:0-8047-6723-8
4346:
4342:
4341:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4314:
4310:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4291:
4280:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4252:
4246:
4242:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4211:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4188:
4177:
4175:0-19-726297-X
4171:
4167:
4166:
4160:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4132:
4121:
4115:
4111:
4110:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4083:
4072:
4070:90-04-12307-5
4066:
4062:
4061:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4034:
4023:
4021:0-521-49781-7
4017:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3993:
3991:0-521-25514-7
3987:
3983:
3982:
3976:
3972:
3971:
3965:
3954:
3952:0-521-21447-5
3948:
3944:
3943:
3937:
3926:
3924:0-8047-4684-2
3920:
3916:
3915:
3909:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3870:
3868:1-134-36222-6
3864:
3861:. Routledge.
3860:
3859:
3853:
3842:
3840:0-87332-779-9
3836:
3832:
3831:
3825:
3814:
3812:1-134-36096-7
3808:
3805:. Routledge.
3804:
3803:
3797:
3786:
3780:
3777:. Routledge.
3776:
3775:
3769:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3744:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3659:
3644:
3640:
3633:
3628:
3613:
3609:
3602:
3597:
3590:
3583:
3582:
3576:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3543:
3539:
3538:
3532:
3520:
3519:
3513:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3476:
3472:
3466:
3462:
3461:
3455:
3451:
3449:1-56324-782-8
3445:
3441:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3420:
3419:
3413:
3409:
3403:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3388:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3338:
3326:
3322:
3320:0-8420-1704-6
3316:
3312:
3311:
3305:
3293:
3289:
3288:
3282:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3259:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3210:
3209:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3138:
3136:0-8047-2933-6
3132:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3058:
3056:0-8420-1704-6
3052:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2994:
2990:
2988:1-874267-40-5
2984:
2980:
2979:
2973:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2936:
2934:90-04-12952-9
2930:
2926:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2884:public domain
2879:
2870:
2869:
2857:, p. 37.
2856:
2851:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2828:
2824:
2823:Clarke (2011)
2819:
2812:
2808:
2807:Dillon (2003)
2803:
2797:, p. 37.
2796:
2791:
2784:
2779:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2755:
2749:, p. 13.
2748:
2743:
2736:
2731:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2525:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2425:
2409:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2379:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2321:
2315:, p. 28.
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2290:
2285:
2283:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2236:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2087:
2082:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1843:
1839:
1833:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1732:
1724:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1699:
1697:
1681:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1621:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1562:Ili Rebellion
1559:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1534:Ili Rebellion
1531:
1527:
1526:Rebiya Kadeer
1523:
1519:
1515:
1514:Ili Rebellion
1511:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:Ili Rebellion
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1381:
1377:
1376:United States
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1337:
1336:United States
1333:
1332:Washington DC
1330:â Located in
1329:
1326:
1325:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1298:
1292:Organizations
1289:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:In 1931, the
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1239:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1130:Turghun Almas
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1064:
1061:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1011: â
1010:
1006:
1005:Find sources:
999:
995:
989:
988:
983:This section
981:
977:
972:
971:
958:
956:
952:
951:Rebiya Kadeer
948:
944:
940:
934:
930:
923:Recent events
920:
918:
913:
909:
904:
902:
898:
894:
890:
880:
878:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Joseph Stalin
844:under leader
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
796:
792:
787:
778:
776:
771:
766:
764:
763:Dungan revolt
760:
754:
743:
739:
735:
731:
721:
719:
714:
710:
706:
702:
696:
689:Proposed name
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
645:
640:
636:
632:
631:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
578:
575:
571:
567:
566:Uyghur people
563:
559:
555:
551:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
520:
519:
517:
516:
504:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
490:
486:
485:
484:
481:
479:
476:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
457:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:Modern period
445:
444:
434:
431:
429:
428:Dungan Revolt
426:
424:
420:
419:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
407:Kumul Khanate
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
392:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
370:
369:Mongol Empire
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
339:
335:
331:
328:
327:
321:
320:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
282:Western Liang
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
255:
251:
247:
246:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
226:
220:
219:
215:
211:
210:
207:
201:
200:
195:
190:
189:
183:
179:
175:
171:
164:
159:
150:
138:
136:
132:
129:
125:
120:
116:
108:
106:
102:
94:
92:
88:
83:
71:
69:
65:
60:
56:
49:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
10506:
10505:
10434:Székely Land
10399:Pashtunistan
10249:Balawaristan
10082:
10022:South Slavic
10012:Scandinavian
9542:Volga Region
9156:in Sri Lanka
9014:Eastern Asia
8875:Puerto Rican
8690:North Africa
8674:Nationalisms
8622:
8610:
8565:
8515:Rahile Dawut
8500:Sattar Sawut
8445:Sheng Shicai
8430:Yang Zengxin
8425:Zuo Zongtang
8231:Karakul Lake
8211:Jiaohe ruins
7877:Qing dynasty
7820:Yuan dynasty
7759:Tang dynasty
7572:Soviet Union
7455:(until 1944)
7210:
7157:Afrika Korps
7050:(until 1944)
6910:South Yemeni
6754:Saudi Arabia
6628:Balawaristan
6317:Shanghainese
6291:
6138:
6135:
6110:
6077:|first=
6057:. Retrieved
6048:
6032:. Retrieved
6017:
6004:. Retrieved
5995:
5966:. Retrieved
5960:
5948:. Retrieved
5938:
5911:. Retrieved
5905:
5893:. Retrieved
5873:
5839:
5836:Modern China
5835:
5814:
5800:. Retrieved
5785:
5772:. Retrieved
5752:
5739:. Retrieved
5724:
5711:. Retrieved
5691:
5678:. Retrieved
5669:
5653:. Retrieved
5649:the original
5644:
5628:. Retrieved
5624:the original
5619:
5603:. Retrieved
5599:the original
5583:
5570:. Retrieved
5550:
5537:. Retrieved
5522:
5501:
5488:. Retrieved
5473:
5463:
5452:. Retrieved
5437:
5424:. Retrieved
5404:
5391:. Retrieved
5371:
5345:
5341:
5329:. Retrieved
5314:
5301:. Retrieved
5292:
5268:
5257:
5244:. Retrieved
5234:
5221:. Retrieved
5217:the original
5201:
5188:. Retrieved
5172:. ABC-CLIO.
5168:
5155:. Retrieved
5135:
5122:. Retrieved
5112:
5099:. Retrieved
5084:
5071:. Retrieved
5051:
5038:. Retrieved
5023:
5010:. Retrieved
4995:
4961:
4957:
4945:. Retrieved
4930:
4917:. Retrieved
4901:
4887:. Retrieved
4872:
4859:. Retrieved
4844:
4831:. Retrieved
4816:
4803:. Retrieved
4787:
4773:. Retrieved
4758:
4745:. Retrieved
4730:
4709:
4692:. ABC-CLIO.
4688:
4675:. Retrieved
4660:
4647:. Retrieved
4632:
4611:
4590:
4577:. Retrieved
4571:
4558:. Retrieved
4543:
4532:
4519:. Retrieved
4504:
4483:
4470:. Retrieved
4450:
4437:. Retrieved
4417:
4396:
4385:
4376:the original
4360:
4339:
4318:
4296:
4282:. Retrieved
4267:
4254:. Retrieved
4239:
4222:
4218:
4193:
4179:. Retrieved
4164:
4151:. Retrieved
4136:
4123:. Retrieved
4108:
4087:
4074:. Retrieved
4059:
4038:
4025:. Retrieved
4009:
3995:. Retrieved
3980:
3969:
3956:. Retrieved
3941:
3928:. Retrieved
3913:
3900:. Retrieved
3885:
3872:. Retrieved
3857:
3844:. Retrieved
3829:
3816:. Retrieved
3801:
3788:. Retrieved
3773:
3760:. Retrieved
3756:the original
3751:
3735:. Retrieved
3720:
3699:
3683:. Retrieved
3663:
3650:. Retrieved
3643:the original
3638:
3619:. Retrieved
3612:the original
3607:
3589:the original
3580:
3567:. Retrieved
3547:
3536:
3523:. Retrieved
3517:
3504:. Retrieved
3495:
3479:. Retrieved
3459:
3438:
3417:
3396:
3375:
3362:. Retrieved
3342:
3329:. Retrieved
3309:
3296:. Retrieved
3286:
3273:. Retrieved
3263:
3250:. Retrieved
3240:
3213:. Retrieved
3207:
3176:. Retrieved
3166:
3140:. Retrieved
3125:
3113:. Retrieved
3104:
3089:. Retrieved
3079:
3045:
3019:. Retrieved
3009:
2997:. Retrieved
2977:
2964:. Retrieved
2944:
2923:
2899:
2881:
2877:
2850:
2834:
2818:
2802:
2790:
2778:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2737:, p. 9.
2730:
2711:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2611:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2580:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2546:
2542:
2532:
2509:
2503:
2483:
2458:. Retrieved
2449:Focus Taiwan
2447:
2437:
2429:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2401:
2391:
2383:
2382:Quoted from
2378:
2365:ResearchGate
2363:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2332:The Diplomat
2330:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2269:. Retrieved
2265:the original
2260:
2251:
2239:. Retrieved
2228:
2219:
2207:. Retrieved
2198:
2189:
2173:
2158:
2148:
2140:the original
2136:The Prospect
2135:
2125:
2113:. Retrieved
2102:
2093:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2059:
2052:
2041:the original
2028:
2024:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1992:the original
1985:
1975:
1962:
1956:
1944:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1907:
1894:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1858:
1846:. Retrieved
1832:
1820:. Retrieved
1789:
1787:
1780:. Retrieved
1743:
1721:
1714:. Retrieved
1708:
1683:. Retrieved
1668:
1661:
1630:
1624:
1574:
1550:
1521:
1516:against the
1507:
1490:Soviet Union
1469:
1432:secessionist
1390:
1346:
1295:
1287:
1275:constitution
1268:
1263:
1245:
1231:
1216:
1197:
1194:Five Poisons
1182:Soviet Union
1146:Tang dynasty
1127:
1107:
1098:Qing dynasty
1071:
1056:
1047:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1004:
992:Please help
987:verification
984:
939:9-11 attacks
936:
905:
886:
870:Soviet Union
842:Soviet Union
831:
803:Qing dynasty
800:
767:
757:The Kokandi
756:
698:
648:
637:governance.
628:
602:
598:Qing dynasty
594:Tang dynasty
579:
562:nation state
549:
547:
267:Former Liang
135:Hanyu Pinyin
85:Chinese name
68:Latin YĂ«ziqi
25:
10439:Tamil Eelam
10419:Saraikistan
10299:Hatay State
10254:Balochistan
10208:Wallmapuwen
9902:Bangladeshi
9374:Montenegrin
9278:Azerbaijani
9242:Pan-Turkism
8983:Palestinian
8926:Middle East
8834:Greenlandic
8738:East Africa
8490:Ilham Tohti
8480:Wang Lequan
8236:Kizil Caves
7990:Tarim Basin
7830:Moghulistan
7810:Qara Khitai
7706:Han dynasty
7577:Byelorussia
7547:Philippines
7537:Netherlands
7167:Ostlegionen
6969:Axis forces
6890: [
6657:Philippines
6446:West Papuan
6220:Afghanistan
6195:Regionalism
6059:21 November
5393:13 November
4547:. Methuen.
3481:13 November
3346:. Ashgate.
3101:"Turkestan"
2771:Forbes 1986
2759:Forbes 1986
2747:Kadeer 2009
2735:Kadeer 2009
2700:Clarke 2011
2696:Dillon 2003
2591:25 December
2543:China Brief
2460:18 November
2178:Kadeer 2009
1764:Nury Turkel
1756:Mehdi Hasan
1260:Sun Yat-sen
1248:Beiyang era
1142:Han dynasty
1115:Han dynasty
862:Tarbaghatai
663:Three Evils
590:Tarim Basin
582:Han dynasty
383:Moghulistan
364:Qara Khitai
277:Later Liang
203:History of
174:This emblem
40:Uyghur name
10533:Categories
10485:Indigenous
10429:Sindhudesh
10409:Santa Cruz
10329:Hutu Power
10259:Bangsamoro
9850:Australian
9825:Lithuanian
9740:Andalusian
9518:Circassian
9482:Belarusian
9430:in Austria
9364:Macedonian
9320:in Albania
9209:Vietnamese
9043:Hongkonger
9036:chauvinist
8717:Pharaonism
8435:Jin Shuren
8241:Niya ruins
8159:Tunurkawab
7691:Tocharians
7527:Madagascar
7522:Luxembourg
6887:Montagnard
6866:Karakalpak
6859:Uzbekistan
6700:Circassian
6664:Bangsamoro
6528:Kazakhstan
6503:Turkmeneli
6246:Azerbaijan
6199:separatism
5342:Inner Asia
4219:Inner Asia
2841:, p.
2825:, p.
2809:, p.
2783:Starr 2004
2624:5 November
2414:25 January
2180:, p.
2115:4 December
2014:Pan, Guang
1998:5 February
1772:Victor Gao
1748:Al Jazeera
1744:Al Jazeera
1611:References
1558:Kuomintang
1553:Ili region
1404:separatist
1364:Kazakhstan
1256:Kuomintang
1222:Xi Jinping
1212:separatism
1123:reconquest
1020:newspapers
927:See also:
893:urbanizing
887:Since the
815:Warlordism
751:See also:
728:See also:
659:separatism
272:Former Qin
229:Tocharians
180:-stylized
163:Kök Bayraq
10584:Turkestan
10389:Occitania
10374:Manchukuo
10364:Lezgistan
10359:Kurdistan
10304:Hazarajat
10289:Circassia
10051:Movements
10002:Pakistani
9977:Mongolian
9917:Congolese
9830:Norwegian
9820:Icelandic
9785:Valencian
9780:Navarrese
9765:Castilian
9745:Aragonese
9709:Sardinian
9492:Ukrainian
9462:Slovenian
9442:Hungarian
9357:in Cyprus
9337:Aromanian
9325:in Kosovo
9230:Mongolian
9146:Sinhalese
9116:Dravidian
9073:Taiwanese
9021:Cantonese
8998:in Cyprus
8968:Jordanian
8891:Argentine
8863:Caribbean
8854:Québécois
8802:Afrikaner
8541:Altishahr
8470:Nur Bekri
8455:Wang Zhen
8420:Yaqub Beg
8050:Education
7984:Dzungaria
7975:Tian Shan
7962:Geography
7882:Qing rule
7604:(limited)
7502:Indonesia
7480:Indochina
7430:Manchukuo
7393:Lithuania
7351:Lists by
7231:Gakutotai
6967:Lists by
6770:Sri Lanka
6434:Indonesia
6405:Khalistan
6369:Javakheti
6359:Abkhazian
6322:Taiwanese
6297:Hong Kong
6287:Cantonese
6069:cite news
5978:cite book
5923:cite book
5864:144587815
5645:Gazeta.kz
4986:146587527
4301:. Kales.
3652:29 August
3621:29 August
3379:. BRILL.
3225:cite book
3188:cite book
3152:cite book
3065:cite book
3031:cite book
2948:. Brill.
2908:cite book
2655:26 August
2514:Routledge
2488:Routledge
1874:29 August
1848:29 August
1822:23 August
1653:939553543
1616:Citations
1406:group in
1208:extremism
1204:terrorism
1050:July 2019
759:Yaqub Beg
655:extremism
651:terrorism
417:Qing rule
412:Yettishar
111:æ±çȘć„æŻćŠçšç«éć
97:äžçȘć„æŻćŠçŹç«èżćš
10589:Xinjiang
10349:Katarism
10274:Chameria
10227:Projects
10032:Turanian
10027:Tunisian
9997:Oceanian
9987:Nigerian
9937:Hispanic
9932:Germanic
9922:European
9855:Hawaiian
9805:Estonian
9775:Galician
9760:Canarian
9750:Asturian
9719:Venetian
9714:Sicilian
9704:Padanian
9678:Corsican
9639:Scottish
9533:Ossetian
9452:Silesian
9435:Völkisch
9410:Bavarian
9405:Austrian
9384:Romanian
9369:Moldovan
9347:Croatian
9315:Albanian
9283:Georgian
9273:Armenian
9252:Siberian
9179:Filipino
9094:Assamese
9063:Okinawan
9048:Japanese
8978:Lebanese
8956:Diaspora
8938:Assyrian
8906:Peruvian
8815:Americas
8765:Tigrayan
8712:Egyptian
8612:Category
8405:Amursana
8216:Gaochang
8149:Pamirdin
7835:Kara Del
7738:GöktĂŒrks
7733:Gaochang
7660:Xinjiang
7609:Thailand
7589:Chechnya
7567:Slovakia
7485:Cambodia
7435:Mongolia
7405:Bulgaria
7278:Makapili
7179:Japanese
7037:Chetniks
6835:Assyrian
6812:Thailand
6793:Assyrian
6740:Siberian
6730:Ossetian
6715:Karelian
6638:Kashmiri
6621:Pakistan
6602:Rohingya
6544:Malaysia
6493:Assyrian
6462:Assyrian
6410:Manipuri
6400:Kashmiri
6390:Assamese
6374:Ossetian
6364:Adjarian
6053:Archived
6034:24 April
6000:Archived
5968:10 March
5950:24 April
5944:Archived
5913:24 April
5895:24 April
5889:Archived
5856:20062627
5802:10 March
5774:13 April
5768:Archived
5741:24 April
5713:27 April
5707:Archived
5674:Archived
5605:10 March
5572:10 March
5566:Archived
5539:10 March
5490:24 April
5454:22 April
5420:Archived
5387:Archived
5362:23615559
5331:24 April
5297:Archived
5240:Archived
5223:22 April
5184:Archived
5157:22 April
5151:Archived
5124:10 March
5118:Archived
5101:22 April
5073:10 March
5067:Archived
5040:10 March
5012:10 March
4947:22 April
4919:22 April
4889:24 April
4861:10 March
4833:22 April
4805:24 April
4775:10 March
4747:10 March
4677:22 April
4649:24 April
4579:10 March
4560:10 March
4521:10 March
4472:10 March
4466:Archived
4439:22 April
4433:Archived
4284:10 March
4256:10 March
4181:10 March
4153:10 March
4125:10 March
4027:24 April
3997:10 March
3958:10 March
3930:10 March
3902:10 March
3874:10 March
3846:24 April
3818:10 March
3790:10 March
3737:10 March
3697:(2008).
3685:22 April
3679:Archived
3569:10 March
3563:Archived
3525:10 March
3500:Archived
3475:Archived
3364:27 April
3358:Archived
3331:10 March
3325:Archived
3298:10 March
3292:Archived
3275:10 March
3269:Archived
3252:10 March
3246:Archived
3215:10 March
3178:10 March
3172:Archived
3142:10 March
3109:Archived
3085:Archived
3021:19 March
3015:Archived
2999:19 March
2993:Archived
2960:Archived
2898:(1905).
2719:Archived
2675:Archived
2649:Archived
2618:Archived
2585:Archived
2561:26 March
2555:Archived
2454:Archived
2408:Archived
2337:Archived
2235:Archived
2203:Archived
2165:Archived
2109:Archived
2065:Archived
2016:(2006).
1946:16 March
1940:Archived
1915:Archived
1899:Archived
1868:Archived
1842:Archived
1816:Archived
1776:Archived
1685:10 March
1589:See also
1578:Bingtuan
1458:â Was a
1444:â Was a
1430:â Was a
1418:Xinjiang
1408:Xinjiang
1368:Pakistan
1091:imperial
1078:occupier
1075:colonial
917:activist
770:Taranchi
681:and the
630:de facto
574:colonial
564:for the
287:Gaochang
205:Xinjiang
194:a series
192:Part of
178:basmalah
10424:Silesia
10394:Ossetia
10369:Luhansk
10344:Karelia
10334:Ilirida
10314:Donetsk
10239:Assyria
10042:Ugandan
10007:Russian
9952:Iranian
9942:Iberian
9912:Chinese
9887:African
9843:Oceania
9815:Finnish
9810:Faroese
9770:Catalan
9735:Spanish
9699:Lombard
9694:Italian
9634:English
9629:Cornish
9624:British
9608:Walloon
9603:Occitan
9588:Flemish
9578:Arpitan
9549:Chuvash
9497:Yiddish
9487:Russian
9420:Frisian
9389:Serbian
9342:Bosniak
9247:Pashtun
9163:Tripuri
9136:Punjabi
9099:Bengali
9078:Tibetan
9026:Chinese
8993:Turkish
8973:Kurdish
8961:Zionism
8952:Jewish
8943:Iranian
8901:Mapuche
8896:Criollo
8870:Haitian
8829:Chicano
8774:Nigeria
8729:Sahrawi
8624:Commons
8524:Related
8410:Mingrui
8173:Economy
8144:Youtazi
8124:Dapanji
8116:Cuisine
8078:Culture
7750:Eastern
7746:Western
7701:Xiongnu
7683:History
7674:capital
7594:Ukraine
7582:Belarus
7557:Romania
7495:Vietnam
7470:Hungary
7452:Finland
7447:Denmark
7442:Croatia
7400:Belgium
7383:Estonia
7361:Albania
6983:Italian
6875:Vietnam
6845:Kurdish
6803:Turkmen
6798:Kurdish
6695:Chuvash
6690:Chechen
6685:Bashkir
6643:Pashtun
6597:Rakhine
6592:Palaung
6560:Myanmar
6551:Sarawak
6498:Kurdish
6472:Kurdish
6425:Tripuri
6352:Georgia
6327:Tibetan
6258:Kurdish
6253:Artsakh
6232:Pashtun
6205:in Asia
5190:10 June
2865:Sources
2343:13 June
2271:12 June
2241:13 June
2209:13 June
2160:The Age
2071:28 June
1895:Reuters
1782:18 June
1752:YouTube
1532:in the
1512:in the
1436:Taliban
1283:Jiangxi
1258:leader
1134:tuntian
1094:dynasty
1034:scholar
908:Ramadan
724:History
635:warlord
560:, as a
391:Yarkent
338:Beiting
239:Xiongnu
53:
10480:German
10465:Racial
10309:Danzig
10294:Crimea
10279:Champa
10244:Azawad
10234:Arakan
10037:Turkic
10017:Slavic
9992:Nordic
9972:Libyan
9962:Korean
9947:Indian
9927:Finnic
9907:Celtic
9755:Basque
9673:Basque
9644:Ulster
9593:French
9583:Breton
9528:Lezgin
9523:Ingush
9457:Slovak
9447:Polish
9425:German
9301:Europe
9257:Uyghur
9225:Baloch
9141:Sindhi
9126:Meitei
9121:Hazara
9068:Ryukyu
9058:Manchu
9053:Korean
8988:Syrian
8844:Lakota
8760:Somali
8750:Amhara
8745:Acholi
8724:Kabyle
8707:Coptic
8702:Berber
8683:Africa
8475:Li Zhi
8398:People
8134:Sangza
7970:Cities
7754:Second
7696:Yuezhi
7670:ĂrĂŒmqi
7662:topics
7614:Taiwan
7562:Serbia
7552:Poland
7542:Norway
7532:Malaya
7465:Greece
7460:France
7415:Ceylon
7388:Latvia
6978:German
6828:Turkey
6819:Patani
6761:Qatifi
6725:Manchu
6720:Lezgin
6710:Ingush
6673:Russia
6633:Baloch
6582:Kokang
6572:Kachin
6519:Ryukyu
6467:Baloch
6336:Cyprus
6307:Manchu
6268:Talysh
6263:Lezgin
6227:Hazara
6049:dw.com
6025:
6006:12 May
5881:
5862:
5854:
5823:
5793:
5760:
5732:
5699:
5680:12 May
5655:12 May
5630:12 May
5591:
5558:
5530:
5509:
5481:
5445:
5426:6 June
5412:
5379:
5360:
5322:
5303:12 May
5276:
5246:6 June
5209:
5176:
5143:
5092:
5059:
5031:
5003:
4984:
4978:312949
4976:
4938:
4910:
4880:
4852:
4824:
4796:
4766:
4738:
4717:
4696:
4668:
4640:
4619:
4598:
4551:
4512:
4491:
4458:
4425:
4404:
4368:
4347:
4326:
4305:
4275:
4247:
4206:
4172:
4144:
4116:
4095:
4067:
4046:
4018:
3988:
3949:
3921:
3893:
3865:
3837:
3809:
3781:
3762:12 May
3728:
3707:
3671:
3555:
3506:12 May
3467:
3446:
3425:
3404:
3383:
3350:
3317:
3133:
3115:6 June
3091:6 June
3053:
2985:
2966:6 June
2952:
2931:
2876:
2681:25 May
2549:(25).
2520:
1716:17 May
1676:
1651:
1641:
1502:, and
1484:Turkey
1372:Turkey
1210:, and
1166:Manchu
1158:Kazakh
1154:Mongol
1138:duhufu
1087:Taiwan
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1007:
840:, the
795:Soviet
775:Kuldja
740:, and
713:Uyghur
657:, and
625:Taiwan
592:. The
387:Turpan
292:Rouran
234:Yuezhi
196:on the
182:tughra
46:Uyghur
10490:White
10475:Black
10453:Other
10444:Tibet
10414:SĂĄpmi
9967:Latin
9957:Iraqi
9897:Asian
9865:MÄori
9728:Spain
9687:Italy
9649:Welsh
9598:Irish
9554:Tatar
9415:Czech
9352:Greek
9189:Malay
9184:Khmer
9151:Tamil
8948:Iraqi
8786:Ogoni
8154:Xurpa
8139:Samsa
8101:Muqam
8091:Music
7793:Qocho
7742:First
7601:Spain
7517:Korea
7512:Italy
7475:India
7420:China
7410:Burma
7246:Heiho
6903:Yemen
6894:]
6786:Syria
6777:Tamil
6745:Tatar
6648:Sindh
6577:Karen
6512:Japan
6420:Tamil
6383:India
6302:Macau
6283:Bashu
6277:China
5860:S2CID
5852:JSTOR
5358:JSTOR
4982:S2CID
4974:JSTOR
4076:6 May
3646:(PDF)
3635:(PDF)
3615:(PDF)
3604:(PDF)
3592:(PDF)
3585:(PDF)
2044:(PDF)
2031:(2).
2021:(PDF)
1967:Brill
1472:China
1360:China
1178:Huigu
1162:Uzbek
1041:JSTOR
1027:books
866:Altai
10507:Note
9892:Arab
9204:Thai
9199:Shan
9131:Naga
9111:Bodo
9005:Zaza
8933:Arab
8919:Asia
8781:Igbo
8755:Hutu
8697:Arab
7752:and
7507:Iraq
7490:Laos
7060:Hiwi
6954:and
6882:Cham
6735:SĂĄmi
6607:Shan
6567:Chin
6486:Iraq
6455:Iran
6441:Aceh
6415:Naga
6395:Bodo
6201:and
6081:help
6061:2021
6036:2014
6023:ISBN
6008:2014
5984:link
5970:2014
5952:2014
5929:link
5915:2014
5897:2014
5879:ISBN
5821:ISBN
5804:2014
5791:ISBN
5776:2014
5758:ISBN
5743:2014
5730:ISBN
5715:2017
5697:ISBN
5682:2014
5657:2014
5632:2014
5607:2014
5589:ISBN
5574:2014
5556:ISBN
5541:2014
5528:ISBN
5507:ISBN
5492:2014
5479:ISBN
5456:2014
5443:ISBN
5428:2020
5410:ISBN
5395:2015
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