172:. He described how the Progressives preached a “hedonistic doctrine of change” whereas the essentialists stressed the moral responsibility of man for his actions and looked toward permanent principles of behavior (Demiashkevich likened the arguments to those between the Socratics and the Sophists in Greek philosophy). In 1938 Bagley and other educators met together where Bagley gave a speech detailing the main points of the essentialism movement and attacking the
270:, these schools have the central aim of establishing a common knowledge base for all citizens. To do so, they follow a nationwide, content-specific, and teacher-centered curriculum. The Core Knowledge curriculum also allows for local variance above and beyond the core curriculum. Central curricular aims are academic excellence and the learning of knowledge, and teachers who are masters of their knowledge areas serve this aim.
195:(1874–1946) was an important historical essentialist. William C. Bagley completed his undergraduate degree at Michigan Agricultural College in 1895. It wasn't until after finishing his undergraduate studies that he truly wanted to be a teacher. Bagley did his Graduate studies at the University of Chicago and at Cornell University. He acquired his Ph.D. in 1900, after which he took his first school job as a
227:, in which he outlined three major points of essentialism. He described the right of students to a well-educated and culturally knowledgeable teacher. Secondly, he discussed the importance of teaching the ideals of community to each group of students. Lastly, Bagley wrote of the importance of accuracy, thoroughness and effort on the part of the student in the classroom.
124:, so they should be rigid and disciplinary. Establishing order in the classroom is crucial for student learning; effective teaching cannot take place in a loud and disorganized environment. It is the teacher's responsibility to keep order in the classroom. The teacher must interpret essentials of the learning process, take the
183:
A recent branch has emerged within the essentialist school of thought called "neoessentialism." Emerging in the eighties as a response to the essentialist ideals of the thirties as well as to the criticism of the fifties and the advocates for education in the seventies, neoessentialism was created to
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of the classroom. These needs require an educator who is academically well-qualified with an appreciation for learning and development. The teacher must control the students with distributions of rewards and penalties. It has been argued that recent teacher education policies in some countries extend
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that children should learn the traditional basic subjects thoroughly. In this philosophical school of thought, the aim is to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge, enacting a back-to-basics approach. Essentialism ensures that the accumulated wisdom of our civilization as taught
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is often called into question. Presumably, in an essentialist classroom, the teacher is the one designing the curriculum for the students based upon the core disciplines. Moreover, he or she is enacting the curriculum and setting the standards which the students must meet. The teacher's evaluative
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and authored several books concerning fact-based approaches to education. Now retired, he spent many years teaching at the
University of Virginia while also being an advocate for the "back to basics" movement. In his most popular book,
85:, and the disciplines that promote a happier, more educated living. Other non-traditional areas are also integrated as well in moderation to balance the education. Essentialists' goals are to instill students with the "essentials" of
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stance to education that strives to teach students the knowledge of a society and civilization through a core curriculum. This core curriculum involves such areas that include; the study of the surrounding environment, basic
290:. This philosophy of education is very traditional in the mindset of passing on the knowledge of the culture via the academic disciplines. Thus, students are forced to think in the mindset of the larger
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role may undermine students' interest in study. As a result, the students begin to take on more of a passive role in their education as they are forced to meet and learn such standards and information.
210:. Bagley's devotion increased during his work at Montana State Normal School in Dillon, Montana. It was here where he decided to dedicate his time to the education of teachers and where he published
216:, launching his name across the nation. Throughout his career Bagley argued against the conservative position that teachers were not in need of special training for their work. He believed that
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try to appease the problems facing the United States at the time. The most notable change within this school of thought is that it called for the creation of a new discipline, computer science.
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153:, a group met for the first time called "The Essentialist's Committee for the Advancement of Education." Their emphasis was to reform the educational system to a
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in the United States. One point that Bagley noted was that students in the U.S. were not getting an education on the same levels as students in
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The role of the teacher as the leader of the classroom is a very important tenet of
Educational essentialism. The teacher is the center of the
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through traditional (or back-to-basic) approaches. This is to promote reasoning, train the mind, and ensure a common culture for all citizens.
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material was important in teacher education. Bagley also believed the dominant theories of education of the time were weak and lacking.
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which was written by
Michael John Demiashkevich. In his book, Demiashkevich labels some specific educators (including
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68:. Moreover, this traditional approach is meant to train the mind, promote reasoning, and ensure a common culture.
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in the traditional academic disciplines is passed on from teacher to student. Such disciplines might include
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459:"William C. Bagley and the Founding of Essentialism: An Untold Story in American Educational History"
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243:, he offers lists, quotations, and information regarding what he believes is essential knowledge.
168:) as “essentialists." Demiashkevich compared the essentialists to the different viewpoints of the
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Furthermore, there is also speculation that an essentialist education helps in promoting the
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classrooms today. Traces of this can be found in the organized learning centered on
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418:"England's essentialist teacher education policy frameworks as double texts"
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266:. Although it is difficult to maintain a pure and strict essentialist-only
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Because
Essentialism is largely teacher-centered, the role of the
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Teachers, Schools, and
Society: A Brief Introduction to Education
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List of people considered a founder in a
Humanities field
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Essentialism is the most typically enacted philosophy in
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Cultural
Literacy — What Every American Needs To Know
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essentialism to teacher education policy frameworks.
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160:The term essentialist first appeared in the book
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512:"School: The Story of American Public Education"
234:(1928-). Hirsch was Founder and Chairman of the
262:were founded on the philosophy of essentialist
162:An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education
988:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications
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141:The Essentialist movement first began in the
116:Essentialism as a teacher-centered philosophy
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544:. Core Knowledge Foundation. Archived from
254:Schools enacting an essentialist curriculum
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573:Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning
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569:"Natural Learning in Higher Education"
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1075:National Endowment for the Humanities
1060:Humanities, arts, and social sciences
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1070:Moscow University for the Humanities
1041:Arts and Humanities Research Council
998:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
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230:Another important essentialist is
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591:Philosophies of Western Education
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433:Philosophies of Western Education
403:Philosophies of Western Education
328:Philosophies of Western Education
170:Progressive Education Association
223:In April 1938, he published the
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966:American Journal of Archaeology
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343:"Teacher-Centered Philosophies"
993:Journal of Controversial Ideas
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1:
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76:Essentialism is a relatively
1013:Revue des Études Arméniennes
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589:Howick, William H. (1971).
567:J. Scott Armstrong (2012).
457:Null, James Wesley (2007).
372:"Essentialism In Education"
326:Howick, William H. (1971).
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10:
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431:Howick, William H (1971).
401:Howick, William H (1971).
72:Principles of essentialism
1128:Outline of the humanities
1108:Criticism of mass culture
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1080:National Humanities Medal
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274:Criticism of essentialism
236:Core Knowledge Foundation
1113:Educational essentialism
750:Interdisciplinary fields
492:Foundations of Education
488:Ornstein, Allan (1993).
308:Educational perennialism
17:Educational essentialism
1161:Philosophy of education
518:. Roundtable, Inc. 2001
463:Teachers College Record
225:Essentialist's Platform
180:who were the same age.
137:History of essentialism
901:Liberal arts education
416:Turvey, Keith (2023).
341:Sadker, David Miller.
260:Core Knowledge Schools
188:Renowned essentialists
21:educational philosophy
977:History of Humanities
213:The Educative Process
145:in the year 1938. In
128:position and set the
95:character development
1133:Renaissance humanism
1065:Master of Humanities
1052:Geisteswissenschaft
1018:Teaching Philosophy
797:Abductive reasoning
548:on 3 September 2011
54:Classical Languages
1139:Studia Humanitatis
87:academic knowledge
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868:General knowledge
851:Cultural literacy
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719:Religious studies
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166:William C. Bagley
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50:Mathematics
1155:Categories
911:Quadrivium
836:Creativity
802:Aesthetics
729:Filmmaking
714:Philosophy
670:Literature
631:Humanities
496:. p.
357:2011-03-31
314:References
296:creativity
268:curriculum
151:New Jersey
126:leadership
91:patriotism
38:Literature
983:Humanitas
895:Humanitas
884:Historism
846:Criticism
739:Sculpture
246:See also
201:St. Louis
197:Principal
122:classroom
110:textbooks
1034:Academia
1003:Leonardo
971:Daedalus
959:Journals
923:Ontology
812:The arts
734:Painting
680:Rhetoric
522:April 5,
386:31 March
302:See also
205:Missouri
106:teachers
102:American
1089:Related
1024:more...
906:Trivium
856:Culture
830:Bildung
772:Medical
757:Digital
707:Theatre
660:History
473:June 7,
292:culture
280:student
58:Science
46:History
34:Writing
30:Reading
25:believe
945:Wisdom
877:
817:Beauty
790:Themes
777:Public
767:Health
675:Poetry
178:Europe
93:, and
64:, and
19:is an
702:Music
697:Dance
199:in a
66:Music
861:High
554:2011
524:2011
475:2016
388:2011
258:The
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108:and
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516:PBS
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