194:. No action was taken against him by Elizabeth, although he was not given any posts of consequence after his recall in 1590. McDermott concludes, "The evidence of Stafford's treachery, though substantial, remains circumstantial, and the precise degree of his culpability is difficult to establish". Leimon and Parker are convinced of his guilt and add, " Equally damning is the misinformation about the nonexistence and false destinations of the Armada Stafford forwarded to England".
303:, a leader of the English Roman Catholics living in Paris. These developments became known to Walsingham, although he did not seek to move against Stafford, who still had Burghley's protection; the death of Walsingham's heir in October 1586 led to a reconciliation between Walsingham and Burghley in any case, and Stafford and Walsingham exchanged friendly letters in April 1587.
326:
in discussions about
Stafford acting as a spy; Arundel was given 2,000 crowns to hand to Stafford. Whilst one suggested motive is money, another possibility is a desire for revenge upon Walsingham. Although it is unclear whether Mendoza had three informers in Paris, or just one (Stafford) to whom
342:
However, some information passed on to Spain was inaccurate, either because
Stafford was deliberately not giving Spain the full picture, or because Stafford himself was kept ill-informed. Stafford was less than forthcoming in his reports to London when giving details of preparations for the
356:
After the defeat of the Armada, Stafford eventually stopped giving intelligence to
Mendoza â either because he no longer had a financial incentive so to do (as Elizabeth had cancelled his debts) or because Walsingham's death in 1590 removed a personal motive.
410:. The marriage strengthened his links with the queen, since his sister-in-law Katherine was Elizabeth's closest female companion, as well as being her second cousin. Stafford had two daughters with his second wife, who did not survive childhood.
179:, and there is strong evidence that has convinced most historians that Stafford in return for the money passed on secrets to Spain. Further, it was his duty to report to London intelligence he possessed on the formation of the
292:. Stafford came to align himself with Burghley, rather than with Walsingham, which caused complications of loyalties in Walsingham's intelligence network, and Stafford's own letters were intercepted by Walsingham's agents.
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in 1588, either deliberately or because of over-reliance on
Mendoza. There is only circumstantial evidence that Stafford acted traitorously, although the weight of evidence against him has been described as "substantial".
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Stafford's gambling and financial difficulties were reported upon by
Walsingham, which led to Stafford ignoring Walsingham when sending information from Paris. He took 3,000 crowns from
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Stafford married
Roberta Chapman during the early 1570s; they had one son (who outlived Stafford) and two daughters; Roberta died during her fourth pregnancy in 1578.
269:; the duke stayed with Stafford on a visit to England in August 1579. Stafford was sent on three further missions to France in 1580 concerning the proposed marriage.
597:
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573:
Leimon, Mitchell; Parker, Geoffrey (1996). "Treason and plot in
Elizabethan diplomacy: The 'fame of Sir Edward Stafford' reconsidered".
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However, before this reconciliation, in
January 1587, Arundel had acted as an intermediary between Stafford and the Spanish agent
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157:(1552 â 5 February 1605) was an English Member of Parliament, courtier, and diplomat to France during the time of
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He was recalled from Paris in 1590, and held no major posts thereafter, although he was given the sinecure of
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was deeply suspicious but was unable to prove anything and could not act as long as
Stafford was protected by
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He was knighted in 1583 and was appointed ambassador to Paris. In March 1585, Stafford obtained a
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in return for access to diplomatic correspondence. He also received money from a
Spanish agent,
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He was involved in abortive negotiations for a proposed marriage between Elizabeth and
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In 1578, he was sent to France to act in negotiations on behalf of the Queen with
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After he was appointed ambassador to Paris in 1583, he took money from
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McDermott, James (January 2008) . "Stafford, Sir Edward (1552â1605)".
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The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource:
497:"STAFFORD, Sir Edward (c.1552â1605), of Cannon Row, Westminster"
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History of Parliament STAFFORD, Edward II (1552â1605) of London
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to Elizabeth I from 1564 which assisted Stafford's position.
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Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for Stafford
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Mendoza gave three pseudonyms, Mendoza was given warning of
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Neale, J. E. (1959). "The fame of Sir Edward Stafford".
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364:from 1596 to his death. He was returned to the
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383:He died on 5 February 1605, and was buried at
103:-Roberta Chapman (early 1570sâ1578, her death)
404:Charles Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham
601:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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627:"Stafford, Edward (1552?-1605)"
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408:Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester
368:for various constituencies, namely (
183:, but he did not do so. The English
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520:"The Fame of Sir Edward Stafford"
306:Stafford has been described as a
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18:Edward Stafford (disambiguation)
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650:Studies in Elizabethan History
524:The American Historical Review
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499:. History of Parliament Online
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113:Howard) (1579â1605, his death)
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562:"Stafford, Edward (STFT559E)"
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615:UK public library membership
486:, 19 (London, 1916), p. 313.
231:William Cecil, Lord Burghley
223:St John's College, Cambridge
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566:A Cambridge Alumni Database
385:St. Margaret's, Westminster
366:House of Commons of England
333:attack on the Spanish fleet
229:, Stafford was assisted by
227:Pembroke College, Cambridge
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568:. University of Cambridge.
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318:Relationship with Spain
607:10.1093/ref:odnb/26203
591:â emphasises his guilt
518:Read, Conyers (1915).
398:Stafford then married
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267:Francis, Duke of Anjou
173:Henry I, Duke of Guise
166:Francis, Duke of Anjou
735:English MPs 1604â1611
725:English MPs 1597â1598
324:Bernardino de Mendoza
282:Archbishop of Glasgow
251:Mistress of the Robes
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177:Bernardino de Mendoza
95:1571â1605 (his death)
55:St. Margaret's Church
406:and former lover of
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241:(1571) and then for
204:Sir William Stafford
132:Sir William Stafford
654:ââ doubts his guilt
471:ACAD & STFT559E
257:Diplomacy in France
218:, his second wife.
155:Sir Edward Stafford
123:2 (second marriage)
376:in 1597 and 1601;
290:Francis Walsingham
221:After studying at
188:Francis Walsingham
121:3 (first marriage)
613:(Subscription or
400:Douglas Sheffield
362:Clerk of the Pipe
159:Queen Elizabeth I
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92:Years active
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314:in France.
308:Francophile
79:, Cambridge
73:, Cambridge
674:Categories
617:required.)
555:References
380:in 1604).
370:Winchester
274:cipher key
243:Heytesbury
198:Early life
185:counterspy
84:Occupation
652:: 146â69.
544:0002-8762
372:in 1593;
312:Huguenots
247:Wiltshire
128:Parent(s)
100:Spouse(s)
87:Diplomat,
66:Education
374:Stafford
239:Cornwall
235:Mitchell
146:Knighted
118:Children
208:Chebsey
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503:1 June
284:, and
280:, the
142:Awards
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337:Cadiz
540:ISSN
505:2017
225:and
214:and
148:1583
43:Died
38:1552
35:Born
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111:nÊe
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