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Elsa
Neumann was aware of her unique and privileged position and advocated for women's right to higher education in Prussia. Although (or maybe because) she came from a wealthy family, she recognized that women needed financial support for their education. She was the founder, the first chairwoman,
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in mathematics or physics at the
University of Berlin, regardless of the gender or religion of the author. The twelve winners of the award from 1906 to 1918, however, were all male. The
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education. Thus she took private lessons with various professors in order to acquire the advanced knowledge and skills necessary for university-level studies. From 1894 she studied
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were prohibited from pursuing regular university studies at that time, Neumann had to obtain permission from each professor to attend their lectures. The physics professors
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were among her most influential supporters. In 1898 she received special approval from the
Ministry of Education to obtain a
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for women with PhD degrees, Neumann became a private scholar and conducted her research at the chemical laboratory of
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Ladies in the
Laboratory II: West European Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Contributions to Research
194:(teachers' diploma), a degree that did not require higher education at that time and was considered less than a
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was a well-known winner of the
Neumann Prize. After 1918, the prize was no longer awarded because of the
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Elsa was the daughter of
Maximilian and Anna née Meyer, an older brother was the ornithologist
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while a sister Alice was a sculptor. As a woman, Elsa
Neumann was generally denied access to
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301:("Elsa Neumann Prize"), which was awarded on 18 February every year for the best
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Timeline of Elsa
Neumann's life on the webpage of the University of Berlin
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328:("Elsa Neumann scholarship") in her name to support young researchers.
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362:("Elsa Neumann - Berlin's first woman doctorate"), Berlin 1999,
170:. She was the first woman to receive a PhD in physics from the
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Verein zur Gewährung zinsfreier
Darlehen an studierende Frauen
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246:Über die Polarisationskapazität umkehrbarer Elektroden
297:After Neumann's death, her mother established the
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121:Being the first woman to receive a doctorate in
35:Graduation from the University of Berlin, 1899
360:Elsa Neumann - Berlins erstes Fräulein Doktor
256:") was published in the prestigious journal
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216:for nine semesters at the Universities of
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240:degree. She graduated that the same year
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163:(23 August 1872 – 23 July 1902) was a
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395:Literature by and about Elsa Neumann
290:and later an honorary member of the
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349:. Scarecrow Press. p. 148.
190:. In 1890 she graduated with a
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270:Due to poor job prospects in
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458:19th-century German Jews
453:Jewish German physicists
374:Elsa Neumann's biography
178:Early life and education
463:German women physicists
406:Elsa-Neumann-Stipendium
399:German National Library
326:Elsa-Neumann-Stipendium
252:capacity of reversible
378:Jewish women's archive
272:academic institutions
280:Richard Joseph Meyer
172:University of Berlin
127:University of Berlin
112:University of Berlin
299:Elsa-Neumann-Preis
259:Annalen der Physik
224:. Since women in
192:LehrerinnenprĂĽfung
307:nuclear physicist
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135:Scientific career
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71:(1902-07-23)
69:23 July 1902
23:Elsa Neumann
428:1902 deaths
423:1872 births
318:World War I
206:mathematics
174:, in 1899.
98:Citizenship
88:Nationality
417:Categories
332:References
316:following
254:electrodes
234:Max Planck
214:philosophy
47:1872-08-23
401:catalogue
314:inflation
262:in 1899.
248:("On the
242:cum laude
238:doctorate
222:Göttingen
210:chemistry
168:physicist
149:chemistry
129:(in 1899)
125:from the
397:in the
226:Prussia
202:physics
145:Physics
123:physics
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284:Berlin
218:Berlin
212:, and
165:German
141:Fields
102:German
92:German
77:Berlin
55:Berlin
364:ISBN
232:and
220:and
66:Died
41:Born
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