31:
467:
for a fixed amount of time. At this time, he introduced incognito supervision for officials to monitor their actions. However, officials became afraid and increased investigations, yet the officials also made many false accusations, and would be tried for disrespect. Emperor
Wencheng also added clauses to the legal code of Emperor Taiwu that had been formulated in 451. Of these clauses, 13 crimes were punished by execution of the offender's clan, 35 punished by execution of just the offender, and 62 mandated lesser punishments.
502:'s khan Murong Shiyin (慕容拾寅), who had drawn Northern Wei officials' ire by accepting commissions by both Northern Wei and Liu Song and by showing off his wealth. The commanding generals were Emperor Wencheng's brother Tuoba Xincheng (拓拔新成) the Prince of Yangping and Li Hui (李惠) the Duke of Nan Commandery. However, while the armies were able to capture a large number of livestock, Murong Shiyin received advance warning and was able to flee into the mountains, and the armies also suffered from illnesses.
466:
In early 458, Emperor
Wencheng, frustrated by how drunk and rowdy people would criticise the imperial government, enacted a prohibition on alcohol. He banned the brewing, drinking, buying and selling of alcohol, with violators punished by death. However, on special occasions, alcohol would be allowed
470:
In winter 458, Emperor
Wencheng launched a major attack against Rouran, but considered abandoning it when his troops encountered a snow storm. At Yuchi Juan's urging (arguing that a withdrawal would unduly signal weakness to Rouran), however, Emperor Wencheng continued, and while he was not able to
407:
It appeared that Yuan He and
Buliugu Li were the key victors out of these struggles, for not only did they not suffer during the infighting, but became exceedingly honored late in Emperor Wencheng's reign. Both they and Dugu Ni were created princes. Whether Emperor Wencheng himself was involved in
505:
In 461, Emperor
Wencheng had grown frustrated by how many local officials would force the people to loan them money and then trade it with merchants to make profits at tax collection. He issued an edict to strictly abolish this and harshly punish the practice. Also that year, he decreed that those
486:
In 453, during the political struggles of
Emperor Wencheng's early reign, the political figures at the time had imposed 15 additional levies as well as regular taxes, which were considered troubling and burdensome. During the middle years of his reign, despite opposition from officials who worried
371:
Immediately following
Emperor Wencheng's taking the throne, it appeared that the high-level officials began internecine struggles against each other, as for several years officials would be put into honored positions, only to be executed days or months later. These included senior officials held
338:
royal house but who had surrendered to
Northern Wei. When he was little, he was much favored by his grandfather Emperor Taiwu, and often accompanied Emperor Taiwu, even on military campaigns. While he carried no official titles, he was known as the Prime Imperial Grandson (嫡皇孫). Around the new
487:
that the treasury would not be sufficient without them, Emperor
Wencheng removed all of these additional levies, though he restored them soon after. However, by the end of his reign he had abolished them again, and taxes became lighter, and the people became more sufficient.
346:, Emperor Taiwu created him the Prince of Gaoyang, but then reconsidered, believing that a princely title was inappropriate for his oldest grandson, and therefore cancelled the title—signifying strongly that he intended for Tuoba Jun to succeed him.
354:
the Prince of Nan'an emperor. Zong controlled all important matters of state, and when Tuoba Yu, displeased about Zong's arrogance, tried to strip him of power in fall 452, Zong assassinated him as well. The officials Dugu Ni (獨孤尼),
306:, and he was generally described by historians as a ruler who sought foremost to allow his people to rest after his grandfather's expansionist policies and extensive campaigns, and who also reformed the laws to become more lenient.
513:
tribal ceremony to sacrifice to the heavens, and the Gaoche people were very pleased. Also that year, he decreed that people in the capital aged 70 or over would be provided food by the major official bureaus until their deaths.
349:
However, Zong Ai, in fear that
Emperor Taiwu would punish him over his false accusations against Crown Prince Huang, assassinated Emperor Taiwu in spring 452, and, skipping over Tuoba Jun, made Tuoba Huang's younger brother
411:
Another characteristic of Emperor Wencheng's reign was that he often toured the provinces throughout his empire. He also frequently issued partial amnesties to the people of the capital Pingcheng.
408:
these internecine struggles is unclear, although the edicts were issued in his name. Yuchi Juan (尉遲眷), already a decorated general during Emperor Taiwu's reign, also became powerful.
2647:
521:, who tried to monopolize power and executed a number of other officials, including Buliugu Li, but in 466 was in turn ambushed by Emperor Wencheng's wife Empress Dowager Feng.
1692:
1813:
2321:
2058:
322:. (Some historical sources give his birthdate as 448, a date that appears rather unlikely because that would make him only six years older than his son,
2330:
1723:
1848:
517:
In summer 465, Emperor Wencheng died and was succeeded by his son Tuoba Hong (as Emperor Xianwen). Power soon fell into the hands of the official
2611:
1722:
1798:
2207:
459:, empress and created Tuoba Hong crown prince—and then, pursuant to Northern Wei tradition, ordered Tuoba Hong's mother Consort Li to commit
372:
over from Emperor Taiwu's administration as well as those who had accomplished much in putting Emperor Wencheng on the throne, and included:
414:
In winter 452, Emperor Wencheng's mother Consort Yujiulü died, and he subsequently posthumously honored his parents as emperor and empress.
2643:
2395:
2154:
1828:
1783:
2068:
2048:
1833:
1823:
1793:
1788:
1778:
1773:
1714:
1818:
1808:
1803:
2314:
2260:
2202:
2063:
394:
Tuoba Chong (拓拔崇) the Prince of Jianning, Emperor Wencheng's granduncle, and his son Tuoba Li (拓拔麗) the Prince of Ji'nan (spring 453)
1743:
475:, a number of Rouran tribesmen surrendered. Meanwhile, in his absence, his generals Feng Chiwen (封敕文) and Pi Baozi (皮豹子) engaged
421:, officially ended the prohibitions against Buddhism that Emperor Taiwu had instituted in 445 (which became known as the first of
498:
Also in summer 460, based on advice given by Cao An (曹安) the Marquess of Dingyang, Emperor Wencheng launched a major attack on
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2355:
2149:
2114:
788:
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year 452, after his father Tuoba Huang had died in 451 after falling ill over his fear of false accusations by the
2696:
2499:
2443:
2380:
2375:
2236:
2139:
2134:
1707:
1684:
554:
452:
363:, however, then overthrew Zong and executed him, making Tuoba Jun emperor at the age of 12, as Emperor Wencheng.
323:
118:
64:
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2415:
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2119:
2109:
2010:
1619:
843:
762:
319:
299:
2701:
2542:
2471:
2284:
1390:
509:
In 464, while on one of his tours to various parts of the empire, Emperor Wencheng personally attended a
327:
256:
2494:
2466:
2461:
2279:
2274:
1700:
429:
on five monks. However, as per the traditions instituted by Emperor Taiwu, he also publicly received
2575:
2567:
1674:
456:
104:
379:
Baba Kehou, a major participant in the coup bringing Emperor Wencheng to the throne (winter 452)
2639:
2635:
2631:
2619:
2615:
2607:
2571:
1946:
1747:
1612:
1561:
2603:
2579:
2563:
1519:
1513:
1462:
422:
533:
8:
2671:
2666:
472:
2334:
1964:
161:
30:
2410:
2299:
2171:
1523:
113:
2020:
284:
2079:
2005:
499:
441:
191:
149:
1629:
1574:
2660:
2524:
400:
Tuoba Ren (拓拔仁) the Prince of Yongchang, Emperor Wencheng's cousin (fall 453)
1969:
331:
2342:
2024:
1997:
1984:
1884:
1838:
1727:
506:
over the age of eighty would have one son exempt from government service.
480:
479:
forces near the Ji River (濟水, the route of which had been overtaken by the
403:
Tuoba Ba (拓拔拔) the Prince of Leping, Emperor Wencheng's cousin (spring 455)
288:
236:
1546:
era. The month corresponds to 15 Jul to 13 Aug 440 in the Julian calendar.
2481:
2453:
2435:
2245:
2230:
2084:
2053:
1959:
1903:
1898:
1843:
1735:
1731:
1607:
1556:
954:
315:
268:
246:
203:
495:
In summer 460, Emperor Wencheng's wet nurse Empress Dowager Chang died.
1989:
1979:
1974:
1954:
1933:
1917:
1858:
1853:
388:
Tuoba Zhouniu (拓拔周忸) the Prince of Leling, chief commander (winter 452)
360:
2420:
2400:
2181:
2161:
448:
437:
291:
dynasty of China. He became emperor aged 12 in the aftermath of the
2514:
2365:
2212:
2124:
2091:
1863:
1667:
518:
476:
418:
351:
303:
54:
444:, and treated her brothers as if they were his biological uncles.
2509:
1457:
460:
426:
356:
343:
295:
276:
231:
219:
510:
430:
340:
335:
292:
1757:
1739:
224:
154:
391:
Duguhun Yuanbao (獨孤渾元寶) the Prince of Jingzhao (spring 453)
385:
Zhang Li (張黎), chief commander under Tuoba Yu (winter 452)
1486:
day of the 10th month of the 29th year of the Yuanjia era
382:
Tuxi Bi (吐奚弼), prime minister under Tuoba Yu (winter 452)
1449:
Portrayed by Li Guangjie in the 2006 Chinese TV series
2329:
397:
Yujiulü Ruowen (郁久閭若文) the Prince of Puyang (fall 453)
376:Tuoba Shoule (拓拔壽樂), chief commander (winter 452)
2658:
455:. In 456, he created another imperial consort,
198:Emperor Wénchéng (文成皇帝, "civil and successful")
267:((北)魏文成帝) (July or August 440 – 20 June 465),
2315:
1708:
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713:
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687:
673:
664:
650:
641:
627:
618:
604:
595:
581:
572:
558:
546:
537:
483:in modern times), with inconclusive results.
417:Around the new year 453, Emperor Wencheng, a
1594:day of the 5th month of the 1st year of the
721:Married Xue Chuguba of Hedong, Duke Hedong (
471:deal a major defeat to Rouran's Chuluo Khan
436:In spring 453, Emperor Wencheng honored his
314:Tuoba Jun was born in 440, when his father
2322:
2308:
1715:
1701:
1173:Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei (440–465)
727:; 427–484) in 469, and had issue (one son)
29:
318:was the crown prince of his grandfather,
1511:
1451:Empress Feng of the Northern Wei Dynasty
451:Consort Li gave birth to his oldest son
2659:
1567:
1489:
1394:
1299:
1193:
1189:
1185:
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1080:
975:
971:
959:
860:
753:
749:
745:
2303:
1696:
1518:. Rutgers University Press. pp.
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761:
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545:Empress Yuan, of the Dunqiu Li clan (
334:(郁久閭毗), who had been a member of the
298:'s assassinations of his grandfather
603:Tuoba Lüe, Prince Guangchuanzhuang (
1505:
13:
1549:
14:
2713:
1542:6th month of the 1st year of the
789:Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
672:Tuoba Meng, Prince Anfengkuang (
447:In fall 454, Emperor Wencheng's
330:, was the sister of the general
265:Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei
95:Jin Mausoleum of Yunzhong (雲中金陵)
22:Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei
1685:Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei
425:), and he personally performed
1585:
1536:
1477:
1460:in the 2016 Chinese TV series
649:Tuoba Ruo, Prince Hejianxiao (
580:Tuoba Changle, Prince Anleli (
366:
46:October 31, 452 – June 20, 465
1:
2612:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
1620:History of Northern Dynasties
1470:
844:Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei
763:Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei
490:
309:
2687:5th-century Chinese monarchs
1738:(includes chieftains of the
536:, of the Changle Feng clan (
7:
735:
696:Tuoba Anping, Prince Han'ai
626:Tuoba Jian, Prince Qishun (
10:
2718:
1293:
1191:
1187:
1074:
973:
965:
854:
751:
747:
2692:Chinese Buddhist monarchs
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2523:
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2452:
2434:
2341:
2267:
2253:
2243:
2228:
2195:
2102:
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2032:
2019:
1944:
1928:
1912:
1891:
1879:
1872:
1766:
1755:
1681:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1515:The Empire of the Steppes
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1323:
1305:
1301:
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1242:
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981:
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771:
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628:
619:
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582:
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359:, Baba Kehou (拔拔渴侯), and
252:
242:
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218:
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202:
197:
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140:
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100:
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82:
74:
70:
60:
50:
42:
37:
28:
21:
1066:Empress Jing'ai (d. 428)
182:Xīngguāng (興光) (454-455)
1675:Emperor of Northern Wei
1512:Grousset, Rene (1970).
820:Empress Xuanmu (d. 409)
433:amulets in spring 454.
38:Emperor of Northern Wei
16:Emperor of Northern Wei
2697:Northern Wei Buddhists
632:; 460–499), fourth son
180:Xīng'ān (興安) (452-454)
2682:5th-century Buddhists
2677:Northern Wei emperors
1463:The Princess Weiyoung
586:; d. 479), second son
563:; 454–476), first son
423:Three Disasters of Wu
186:Hépíng (和平) (460-465)
184:Tài'ān (太安) (455-459)
2411:Prince of Changguang
2396:Daughter of Xiaoming
2366:Prince Yin of Nan'an
2172:Prince of Changguang
2125:Prince Yin of Nan'an
686:, of the Xuan clan (
678:; d. 489), sixth son
617:, of the Juqu clan (
609:; d. 480), third son
529:Consorts and Issue:
902:Empress Mi (d. 420)
663:, of the Yue clan (
594:, of the Cao clan (
557:, Emperor Xianwen (
287:of the Xianbei-led
2702:People from Datong
2335:Northern dynasties
2167:Emperor Xiaozhuang
1965:Son of Tuoba Pugen
1756:Chieftains of the
1444:In popular culture
640:, of the Yi clan (
571:, of the Li clan (
78:July or August 440
2654:
2653:
2297:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2224:
2223:
2098:
2097:
2002:
1994:
1940:
1939:
1924:
1923:
1691:
1690:
1682:Succeeded by
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1439:
262:
261:
214:
213:
2709:
2324:
2317:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2251:
2250:
2237:Emperor Xiaojing
2150:Emperor Xiaoming
2130:Emperor Wencheng
2115:Emperor Mingyuan
2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2000:
1992:
1877:
1876:
1764:
1763:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1665:Preceded by
1657:
1656:
1599:
1589:
1583:
1571:
1565:
1553:
1547:
1540:
1534:
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621:
608:
607:
599:
598:
585:
584:
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562:
561:
550:
549:
541:
540:
473:Yujiulü Tuhezhen
326:.) His mother,
138:
137:
33:
19:
18:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2657:
2656:
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2557:
2519:
2476:
2448:
2430:
2337:
2328:
2298:
2289:
2263:
2255:
2239:
2220:
2196:Self-proclaimed
2191:
2140:Emperor Xiaowen
2135:Emperor Xianwen
2094:
2082:
2073:
2034:
2015:
2006:Tuoba Shiyijian
1993:(re-succession)
1936:
1929:Re-unified rule
1920:
1908:
1887:
1868:
1751:
1721:
1687:
1678:
1670:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1586:
1572:
1568:
1554:
1550:
1544:Taiping Zhenjun
1541:
1537:
1530:
1510:
1506:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1446:
1441:
738:
712:Princess Xihe (
534:Empress Wenming
527:
493:
442:empress dowager
369:
328:Consort Yujiulü
324:Emperor Xianwen
312:
192:Posthumous name
185:
183:
181:
170:
167:
158:
131:
129:
127:
125:
123:
121:
119:Emperor Xianwen
107:
105:Empress Wenming
96:
65:Emperor Xianwen
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2235:
2233:
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2222:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2187:Emperor Xiaowu
2184:
2182:Emperor Houfei
2179:
2177:Emperor Jiemin
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2147:
2145:Emperor Xuanwu
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2090:
2088:
2078:Honoured then
2075:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2045:
2043:
2036:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1922:
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1916:
1914:
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1906:
1901:
1895:
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1888:
1883:
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1870:
1869:
1867:
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1861:
1856:
1851:
1849:Tuoba Shamohan
1846:
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1661:
1660:Regnal titles
1655:
1654:
1630:Zizhi Tongjian
1626:
1616:
1601:
1600:
1584:
1575:Zizhi Tongjian
1566:
1548:
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1528:
1504:
1496:Zizhi Tongjian
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704:), seventh son
681:
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612:
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566:
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440:Lady Chang as
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2525:Northern Zhou
2522:
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2120:Emperor Taiwu
2118:
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2110:Emperor Daowu
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2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2011:Emperor Daowu
2009:
2007:
2004:
2001:(restoration)
1999:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1943:
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1931:
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1456:Portrayed by
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923:
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894:
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875:
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857:
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845:
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830:
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823:
817:
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813:
812:
803:
802:
797:
796:
790:
785:
784:
781:
780:
775:
774:
769:
768:
764:
759:
743:
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720:
719:
711:
710:
708:
697:
694:
693:
685:
682:
671:
670:
662:
659:
648:
647:
639:
636:
625:
624:
616:
613:
602:
601:
593:
590:
579:
578:
570:
567:
556:
553:
552:
544:
535:
532:
531:
530:
522:
520:
515:
512:
507:
503:
501:
496:
488:
484:
482:
478:
474:
468:
464:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
412:
409:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
378:
375:
374:
373:
364:
362:
358:
353:
347:
345:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Emperor Taiwu
317:
307:
305:
301:
300:Emperor Taiwu
297:
294:
290:
286:
283:(烏雷), was an
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
258:
255:
251:
248:
245:
241:
238:
235:
233:
229:
226:
223:
221:
217:
208:
205:
201:
196:
193:
189:
178:
173:
163:
160:
156:
151:
148:
147:
144:
139:
135:
132:Princess Xihe
122:Tuoba Changle
120:
117:
115:
111:
106:
103:
99:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2600:N. Dynasties
2596:S. Dynasties
2370:
2343:Northern Wei
2285:Emperor Gong
2254:Posthumously
2244:Emperors of
2229:Emperors of
2129:
2033:Posthumously
2025:Northern Wei
1998:Tuoba Yihuai
1985:Tuoba Yihuai
1913:Western area
1892:Central area
1885:Tuoba Luguan
1880:Eastern area
1873:Divided rule
1839:Tuoba Jiefen
1799:Tuoba Tuiyin
1767:Unified rule
1748:state of Dai
1728:Northern Wei
1673:
1628:
1618:
1606:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1573:
1569:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1538:
1514:
1507:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1461:
1450:
1391:Empress Gong
1285:Yujiulü Chen
695:
683:
660:
655:), fifth son
637:
614:
591:
568:
528:
516:
508:
504:
497:
494:
485:
481:Yellow River
469:
465:
457:Consort Feng
446:
435:
416:
413:
410:
406:
370:
348:
313:
289:Northern Wei
280:
272:
264:
263:
257:Empress Gong
237:Northern Wei
210:Gāozōng (高宗)
108:Empress Yuan
86:June 20, 465
2592:16 Kingdoms
2482:Northern Qi
2454:Western Wei
2436:Eastern Wei
2280:Emperor Fei
2275:Emperor Wen
2246:Western Wei
2231:Eastern Wei
2208:Yuan Faseng
2085:temple name
2054:Tuoba Huang
1960:Tuoba Pugen
1904:Tuoba Pugen
1899:Tuoba Yituo
1844:Tuoba Liwei
1736:Western Wei
1732:Eastern Wei
1608:Book of Wei
1557:Book of Wei
1234:Yujiulü Yan
955:Tuoba Huang
367:Early reign
316:Tuoba Huang
247:Tuoba Huang
204:Temple name
150:Family name
51:Predecessor
2672:465 deaths
2667:440 births
2661:Categories
2584:3 Kingdoms
2406:Xiaozhuang
2080:posthumous
1990:Tuoba Hena
1980:Tuoba Hena
1975:Tuoba Heru
1970:Tuoba Yulü
1955:Tuoba Yilu
1945:Rulers of
1934:Tuoba Yilu
1918:Tuoba Yilu
1859:Tuoba Chuo
1854:Tuoba Xilu
1829:Tuoba Kuai
1784:Tuoba Guan
1471:References
1122:Lady Erzhu
1099:Erzhu Yude
555:Tuoba Hong
551:; d. 456)
542:; 441–490)
491:Late reign
453:Tuoba Hong
361:Buliugu Li
332:Yujiulü Pi
310:Background
302:and uncle
162:Given name
130:Tuoba Meng
126:Tuoba Jian
2087:retracted
2069:Yuan Huai
2059:Yuan Shao
2049:Tuoba Shi
1834:Tuoba Lin
1824:Tuoba Gai
1794:Tuoba Yue
1789:Tuoba Lou
1779:Tuoba Huo
1774:Tuoba Mao
1742:clan and
1623:, vol. 2.
957:(428–451)
846:(408–452)
791:(392–423)
765:(371–409)
583:安樂厲王 拓跋長樂
539:文明皇后 長樂馮氏
449:concubine
438:wet nurse
273:Tuoba Jun
175:Era dates
141:Full name
128:Tuoba Ruo
124:Tuoba Lüe
61:Successor
2500:Xiaozhao
2444:Xiaojing
2391:Xiaoming
2371:Wencheng
2356:Mingyuan
2331:Emperors
2256:honoured
2217:Yuan Yue
2213:Yuan Hao
2155:Daughter
2092:Yuan Xie
2042:Honoured
2035:honoured
2021:Emperors
1864:Tuoba Fu
1819:Tuoba Ji
1814:Tuoba Si
1809:Tuoba Qi
1804:Tuoba Li
1724:Emperors
1679:452–465
1668:Tuoba Yu
1633:, vols.
1580:vol. 130
1500:vol. 126
931:Lady Wei
736:Ancestry
709:Unknown
701:韓哀王 拓跋安平
675:安豐匡王 拓跋猛
652:河間孝王 拓跋若
606:廣川莊王 拓跋略
560:獻文皇帝 拓跋弘
548:元皇后 頓丘李氏
519:Yifu Hun
477:Liu Song
419:Buddhist
352:Tuoba Yu
304:Tuoba Yu
101:Consorts
55:Tuoba Yu
2533:Xiaomin
2505:Wucheng
2490:Wenxuan
2381:Xiaowen
2376:Xianwen
2333:of the
2261:Yuan Yu
2203:Yuan Yu
2064:Yuan Yu
1746:of the
1458:Luo Jin
724:河東 薛初古拔
629:齊順王 拓跋簡
500:Tuyuhun
461:suicide
427:tonsure
357:Yuan He
344:Zong Ai
296:Zong Ai
285:emperor
277:Xianbei
275:(拓拔濬),
232:Dynasty
166:Jùn (俊)
2624:W. Xia
2515:Youzhu
2510:Houzhu
2426:Xiaowu
2421:Houfei
2416:Jiemin
2401:Youzhu
2386:Xuanwu
2268:Ruling
2162:Youzhu
2103:Ruling
1744:rulers
1613:vol. 5
1596:Taishi
1592:guimao
1562:vol. 5
1526:
1484:wushen
879:Du Bao
620:夫人 沮渠氏
525:Family
511:Gaoche
431:Taoist
341:eunuch
336:Rouran
293:eunuch
253:Mother
243:Father
91:Burial
2568:Shang
2361:Taiwu
2351:Daowu
1758:Tuoba
1740:Tuoba
689:夫人 玄氏
684:Furen
666:夫人 悅氏
661:Furen
643:夫人 乙氏
638:Furen
615:Furen
597:夫人 曹氏
592:Furen
574:夫人 李氏
569:Furen
281:Wulei
279:name
271:name
225:Tuoba
220:House
155:Tuòbá
114:Issue
43:Reign
24:北魏文成帝
2640:Qing
2636:Ming
2632:Yuan
2620:Song
2616:Liao
2608:Tang
2572:Zhou
2553:Jing
2548:Xuan
2538:Ming
2472:Gong
2083:and
1760:clan
1734:and
1598:era.
1524:ISBN
715:西河公主
157:(拓拔)
83:Died
75:Born
2648:PRC
2644:ROC
2628:Jīn
2604:Sui
2588:Jìn
2580:Han
2576:Qin
2564:Xia
2495:Fei
2467:Fei
2462:Wen
2023:of
1947:Dai
1726:of
1651:130
1647:129
1643:128
1639:127
1635:126
269:Han
2663::
2646:/
2642:→
2638:→
2634:→
2630:→
2626:/
2622:/
2618:/
2614:→
2610:→
2606:→
2602:→
2598:/
2594:→
2590:/
2586:→
2582:→
2578:→
2574:→
2570:→
2566:→
2543:Wu
1730:,
1649:,
1645:,
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