Slavery - Knowledge

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slaves occurred during a famine following the revolt of the Nayaka Indian rulers of South India (Tanjavur, Senji, and Madurai) against Bijapur overlordship (1645) and the subsequent devastation of the Tanjavur countryside by the Bijapur army. Reportedly, more than 150,000 people were taken by the invading Deccani Muslim armies to Bijapur and Golconda. In 1646, 2,118 slaves were exported to Batavia, the overwhelming majority from southern Coromandel. Some slaves were also acquired further south at Tondi, Adirampatnam, and Kayalpatnam. Another increase in slaving took place between 1659 and 1661 from Tanjavur as a result of a series of successive Bijapuri raids. At Nagapatnam, Pulicat, and elsewhere, the company purchased 8,000–10,000 slaves, the bulk of whom were sent to Ceylon, while a small portion were exported to Batavia and Malacca. Finally, following a long drought in Madurai and southern Coromandel, in 1673, which intensified the prolonged Madurai-Maratha struggle over Tanjavur and punitive fiscal practices, thousands of people from Tanjavur, mostly children, were sold into slavery and exported by Asian traders from Nagapattinam to Aceh, Johor, and other slave markets.

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relying on peak years to calculate averages for entire centuries, or millennia. Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. Middle East expert, John Wright, cautions that modern estimates are based on back-calculations from human observation. Such observations, across the late 16th and early 17th century observers, account for around 35,000 European Christian slaves held throughout this period on the Barbary Coast, across Tripoli, Tunis, but mostly in Algiers. The majority were sailors (particularly those who were English), taken with their ships, but others were fishermen and coastal villagers. However, most of these captives were people from lands close to Africa, particularly Spain and Italy. This eventually led to the

6577: 6315: 3635: 7235: 2637:, the profits generated worldwide by all forms of slavery in 2007 were $ 91.2 billion. That was second only to drug trafficking, in terms of global criminal enterprises. At the time the weighted average global sales price of a slave was estimated to be approximately $ 340, with a high of $ 1,895 for the average trafficked sex slave, and a low of $ 40 to $ 50 for debt bondage slaves in part of Asia and Africa. The weighted average annual profits generated by a slave in 2007 was $ 3,175, with a low of an average $ 950 for bonded labour and $ 29,210 for a trafficked sex slave. Approximately 40% of slave profits each year were generated by trafficked sex slaves, representing slightly more than 4% of the world's 29 million slaves. 11967:"The earlier forms of servitude were varied, complex, and very often of a different sociological category than those which were prevalent after the 14th century. While all forms of servitude are certainly unacceptable to most people today, this has not always been the case. Formerly, the rules of war and society were such that servitude was often imposed as a penalty on criminals and prisoners of war, and was even freely chosen by many workers for economic reasons. Children born of those held in servitude were also at times considered to be in the same state as that of their parents. These types of servitude were the most common among those generally considered to establish the so-called 'just titles' of servitude." 3844:. France received the western third and subsequently named it Saint-Domingue. To develop it into sugarcane plantations, the French imported thousands of slaves from Africa. Sugar was a lucrative commodity crop throughout the 18th century. By 1789, approximately 40,000 white colonists lived in Saint-Domingue. The whites were vastly outnumbered by the tens of thousands of African slaves they had imported to work on their plantations, which were primarily devoted to the production of sugarcane. In the north of the island, slaves were able to retain many ties to African cultures, religion and language; these ties were continually being renewed by newly imported Africans. Blacks outnumbered whites by about ten to one. 4025:, who escaped to freedom, reported that on one plantation, slave men were required to pick 80 pounds (36 kg) of cotton per day, while women were required to pick 70 pounds (32 kg) per day; if any slave failed in their quota, they were subject to whip lashes for each pound they were short. The whipping post stood next to the cotton scales. A New York man who attended a slave auction in the mid-19th century reported that at least three-quarters of the male slaves he saw at sale had scars on their backs from whipping. By contrast, small slave-owning families had closer relationships between the owners and slaves; this sometimes resulted in a more humane environment but was not a given. 1886: 78: 4957: 3818: 3806: 5491: 5335:, or Main Camp Administration, the institution which ran the Soviet camps. But over time, the word has also come to signify the system of Soviet slave labor itself, in all its forms and varieties: labor camps, punishment camps, criminal and political camps, women's camps, children's camps, transit camps. Even more broadly, "Gulag" has come to mean the Soviet repressive system itself, the set of procedures that Alexander Solzhenitsyn once called "our meat grinder": the arrests, the interrogations, the transport in unheated cattle cars, the forced labor, the destruction of families, the years spent in exile, the early and unnecessary deaths. 3712: 3190: 4652: 4324:. Slavery has taken various forms throughout China's history. It was reportedly abolished as a legally recognized institution, including in a 1909 law fully enacted in 1910, although the practice continued until at least 1949. Tang Chinese soldiers and pirates enslaved Koreans, Turks, Persians, Indonesians, and people from Inner Mongolia, central Asia, and northern India. The greatest source of slaves came from southern tribes, including Thais and aboriginals from the southern provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Guizhou. Malays, Khmers, Indians, and "black skinned" peoples (who were either Austronesian 3186:

the larger family ties. Children of slaves born into families could be integrated into the master's kinship group and rise to prominent positions within society, even to the level of chief in some instances. However, stigma often remained attached and there could be strict separations between slave members of a kinship group and those related to the master. Slavery was practiced in many different forms: debt slavery, enslavement of war captives, military slavery, and criminal slavery were all practiced in various parts of Africa. Slavery for domestic and court purposes was widespread throughout Africa.

7107: 2338: 2926: 7381: 4353:." The Manchu was establishing close personal and paternalist relationship between masters and their slaves, as Nurhachi said, "The Master should love the slaves and eat the same food as him". However, booi aha "did not correspond exactly to the Chinese category of "bond-servant slave" (Chinese:奴僕); instead, it was a relationship of personal dependency on a master which in theory guaranteed close personal relationships and equal treatment, even though many western scholars would directly translate "booi" as "bond-servant" (some of the "booi" even had their own servant). 7195: 4374: 4032:, which had a surplus of labour, and taken to the Deep South in a forced migration, splitting up many families. New communities of African American culture were developed in the Deep South, and the total slave population in the South eventually reached 4 million before liberation. In the 19th century, proponents of slavery often defended the institution as a "necessary evil". White people of that time feared that emancipation of black slaves would have more harmful social and economic consequences than the continuation of slavery. The French writer and traveler 5167: 6448: 2654: 8237: 8134: 8080: 8038: 7946: 7825: 7773: 7683: 7627: 7585: 7537: 7438: 7332: 7153: 3089: 3697: 2626: 3942: 2194:"), and sought to abolish it. Abolitionism encountered extreme resistance but was eventually successful. Several of the states of the United States began abolishing slavery during the American Revolutionary War. The French Revolution tried to abolish slavery in 1794, but a permanent abolition did not occur until 1848. In much of the British Empire, slavery was subject to abolition in 1833, throughout the United States it was abolished in 1865 and in Cuba in 1886. The last country in the Americas to abolish slavery was Brazil, 5647: 8225: 3759:

infrastructure, and population boomed from immigrants seeking to take part in gold and diamond mining. Demand for African slaves did not wane after the decline of the mining industry in the second half of the 18th century. Cattle ranching and foodstuff production proliferated after the population growth, both of which relied heavily on slave labour. 1.7 million slaves were imported to Brazil from Africa from 1700 to 1800, and the rise of coffee in the 1830s further enticed expansion of the slave trade.

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1680–1731," p. 332. Filliot estimated the average mortality rate among slaves shipped from India and West Africa to the Mascarene Islands at 20–25% and 25–30%, respectively. Average mortality rates among slaves arriving from closer catchment areas were lower: 12% from Madagascar and 21% from Southeast Africa. See Filliot, La Traite des Esclaves, p. 228; A. Toussaint, La Route des Îles: Contribution Ã l'Histoire Maritime des Mascareignes (Paris, 1967); Allen, "The Madagascar Slave Trade and Labor Migration."

28803: 3393: 5120: 5009: 8182: 8122: 8026: 7761: 7671: 2588: 6760:, Rabbi David Rosen, Abbas Abdalla Abbas Soliman, Undersecretary of State of Al Azhar Alsharif (representing Mohamed Ahmed El-Tayeb, Grand Imam of Al-Azhar), Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi, Sheikh Naziyah Razzaq Jaafar, Special advisor of Grand Ayatollah (representing Grand Ayatollah Sheikh Basheer Hussain al Najafi), Sheikh Omar Abboud, Justin Welby, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Metropolitan Emmanuel of France (representing Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew.) 3510:, for the remainder of his life, for attempting to run away. This case was significant because it established the disparity between his sentence as a black man and that of the two white indentured servants who escaped with him (one described as Dutch and one as a Scotchman). It is the first documented case of a black man sentenced to lifetime servitude and is considered one of the first legal cases to make a racial distinction between black and white indentured servants. 7863: 7724: 6006:. Because of the illegal nature of human trafficking, its extent is unknown. A U.S. government report, published in 2005, estimates that about 700,000 people worldwide are trafficked across borders each year. This figure does not include those who are trafficked internally. Another research effort revealed that roughly 1.5 million individuals are trafficked either internally or internationally each year, of which about 500,000 are sex trafficking victims. 32638: 31471: 30126: 26485: 25686: 5904:, the last country to abolish slavery (in 1981), it is estimated that 20% of its population of 3 million people are enslaved as bonded labourers. Slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007. However, although slavery, as a practice, was legally banned in 1981, it was not a crime to own a slave until 2007. Although many slaves have escaped or have been freed since 2007, as of 2012, only one slave owner had been sentenced to serve time in prison. 4767: 2140: 3382: 15304:"Victoria county history: a history of the county of Chester, vol. V, 2, The city of Chester: culture, buildings and institutions – Edited by Christopher P. Lewis and Alan T. Thacker Victoria county history: a history of the county of Durham, vol. IV, Darlington – Edited by Gillian Cookson Victoria county history: a history of the County of Oxford, vol. XV, Carterton, Minster Lovell, and environs (Bampton Hundred part three) – Edited by S. Townley" 4073: 4209: 4509:, that he wrote a letter to Jesuit Vice-Provincial Gaspar Coelho on July 24, 1587, to demand the Portuguese, Siamese (Thai), and Cambodians stop purchasing and enslaving Japanese and return Japanese slaves who ended up as far as India. Hideyoshi blamed the Portuguese and Jesuits for this slave trade and banned Christian proselytizing as a result. In 1595, a law was passed by Portugal banning the selling and buying of Chinese and Japanese slaves. 14188:, p. 225: "be very loyal, intelligent, and hard-working. Their culinary bent (not for nothing is Chinese cooking regarded as the Asiatic equivalent to French cooking in Europe) was evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Filipe Sassetti recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the Chinese there were employed as cooks. Dr. John Fryer, who gives us an interesting ...". 14104:, p. 225: "be very loyal, intelligent, and hard-working. Their culinary bent (not for nothing is Chinese cooking regarded as the Asiatic equivalent to French cooking in Europe) was evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Filipe Sassetti recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the Chinese there were employed as cooks. Dr. John Fryer, who gives us an interesting ...". 3626:

addition to transporting most of the sugar to Europe. In 1644, the population of Barbados was estimated at 30,000, of which about 800 were of African descent, with the remainder mainly of English descent. By 1700, there were 15,000 free whites and 50,000 enslaved Africans. In Jamaica, although the African slave population in the 1670s and 1680s never exceeded 10,000, by 1800 it had increased to over 300,000. The increased implementation of

26505: 7905: 6588: 5671: 7813: 7486: 6926:. Mandatory systems of fines and reparations paid to an as yet undetermined group of claimants from fines, paid by unspecified parties, and collected by authorities have been proposed by advocates to alleviate this "civil court problem." Since in almost all cases there are no living ex-slaves or living ex-slave owners these movements have gained little traction. In nearly all cases the judicial system has ruled that the 3430: 5754:

of the most advanced countries in the world yet has more than 400,000 modern slaves working under forced labour conditions." An estimated 40.3 million are enslaved globally, with North Korea having the most slaves at 2.6 million (one in 10). Of the estimated 40.3 million people in contemporary slavery, 71% are women and 29% are men. The report found of the 40.3 million in modern slavery, 15.4 million are in

7985: 6447: 5541: 7288: 3127: 32650: 31481: 26495: 25696: 6446: 3595: 6445: 2152: 6956: 2129: 2670: 6444: 5217: 2814: 4019:, beating, burning, mutilation, branding and imprisonment. Punishment was most often meted out in response to disobedience or perceived infractions, but sometimes abuse was carried out to re-assert the dominance of the master or overseer of the slave. Treatment was usually harsher on large plantations, which were often managed by overseers and owned by absentee slaveholders. 5576:

was an institution recognized in the Quran and morally justified under the guise of warfare against non-Muslims, and non-Muslims were kidnapped and enslaved by Muslims around the Muslim world: in the Balkans, the Caucasus, the Baluchistan, India, South West Asia and the Philippines. Slaves where marsched in schackles to the coasts of Sudan, Ethiopia and Somali, placed upon

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descent. Jewish slaves never fully assimilated into Roman society, remaining an identifiable minority. These slaves (especially the foreigners) had higher death rates and lower birth rates than natives and were sometimes subjected to mass expulsions. The average recorded age at death for the slaves in Rome was seventeen and a half years (17.2 for males; 17.9 for females).

3574:, limited punishments, required religious instruction, and protected marriages, forbidding the sale of young children away from their mothers. The British made other changes to the institution of slavery in Cuba. However, planters often flouted the laws and protested against them, considering them a threat to their authority and an intrusion into their personal lives. 5077:. In the second half of the 16th century, the Crown gave up the monopoly on slave trade, and the focus of European trade in African slaves shifted from import to Europe to slave transports directly to tropical colonies in the Americas – especially Brazil. In the 15th century one-third of the slaves were resold to the African market in exchange of gold. 4489:. Historians pointed out that at the same time Hideyoshi expressed his indignation and outrage at the Portuguese trade in Japanese slaves, he was engaging in a mass slave trade of Korean prisoners of war in Japan. Fillippo Sassetti saw some Chinese and Japanese slaves in Lisbon among the large slave community in 1578, although most of the slaves were black. 4938:. However, when England began to have colonies in the Americas, and particularly from the 1640s, African slaves began to make their appearance in England and remained a presence until the eighteenth century. In Scotland, slaves continued to be sold as chattels until late in the eighteenth century (on the second May 1722, an advertisement appeared in the 14058:

japoneses) já existiam aos montes em Lisboa por volta de 1578, quando Filippo Sassetti visitou a cidade,18 apenas suplantados em número pelos africanos. Parece aliás que aos últimos cabia o trabalho pesado, ficando reservadas aos chins tarefas e funções mais amenas, inclusive a de em certos casos secretariar autoridades civis, religiosas e militares.

11923:"For the first time, and probably for the last, a colonizing nation organized a formal enquiry into the justice of the methods used to extend its empire. For the first time, too, in the modern world, we see an attempt to stigmatize an entire race as inferior, as born slaves according to the theory elaborated centuries before by Aristotle." 4069:, and tensions continued to rise. Many white Southern Christians, including church ministers, attempted to justify their support for slavery as modified by Christian paternalism. The largest denominations, the Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian churches, split over the slavery issue into regional organizations of the North and South. 3688:

generally escaped through the rain forest, which they knew much better than did the colonists. To end hostilities, in the 18th century the European colonial authorities signed several peace treaties with different tribes. They granted the Maroons sovereign status and trade rights in their inland territories, giving them autonomy.

5142:. According to David P. Forsythe, "In 1649 up to three-quarters of Muscovy's peasants, or 13 to 14 million people, were serfs whose material lives were barely distinguishable from slaves. Perhaps another 1.5 million were formally enslaved, with Russian slaves serving Russian masters." Slavery remained a major institution in 3553:. A labour shortage resulted. This led to the African slaves being imported, as they were not susceptible to smallpox. In exchange, many Africans were afforded the opportunity to buy their freedom, while eventually others were granted their freedom by their masters. In Jamaica, the Spanish enslaved many of the 6876:

issued a public apology for London's role in Atlantic slave trade, which took place at an event commemorating the 200th anniversary of the British slave trade's abolition. In his speech, Livingstone described the slave trade as "the racial murder of not just those who were transported but generations

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There is adequate evidence citing case after case of African control of segments of the trade. Several African nations such as the Calabar and other southern parts of Nigeria had economies depended solely on the trade. African peoples such as the Imbangala of Angola and the Nyamwezi of Tanzania would

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seized approximately 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans who were aboard. Action was also taken against African leaders who refused to agree to British treaties to outlaw the trade, for example against "the usurping King of Lagos", deposed in 1851. Anti-slavery treaties were signed with over

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with drugs to control their victims. "Annually, according to U.S. government-sponsored research completed in 2006, approximately 800,000 people are trafficked across national borders, which does not include millions trafficked within their own countries. Approximately 80% of transnational victims are

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reported in 2018 that slavery in wealthy Western societies is much more prevalent than previously known, in particular the United States and Great Britain, which have 403,000 (one in 800) and 136,000 slaves respectively. Andrew Forrest, founder of the organization, said that "The United States is one

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By 1870, chattel slavery had been at least formally banned in most areas of the world, with the exception of Muslim lands in Caucasus, Africa, and the Gulf. While slavery was by the 1870s viewed as morally unacceptable in the West, slavery was not considered to be imoral in the Muslim world since it

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population could fluctuate up to about one-third of the population, but on average the nobi made up about 10% of the total population. The nobi system declined beginning in the 18th century. Since the outset of the Joseon dynasty and especially beginning in the 17th century, there was harsh criticism

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described the losses of Sudanese slaves being transported on foot to Egypt: "after the Daftardar bey's 1822 campaign in the southern Nuba mountains, nearly 40,000 slaves were captured. However, through bad treatment, disease and desert travel barely 5,000 made it to Egypt." W.A. Veenhoven wrote: "The

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on coastal villages and ships extending from Italy to Iceland, enslaved an estimated 1 to 1.25 million Europeans between the 16th and 19th centuries. However, this estimate is the result of an extrapolation which assumes that the number of European slaves captured by Barbary pirates was constant

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where land is abundant, but labour is scarce, such that rent is depressed and paid workers can demand high wages. If the opposite holds true, then it is more costly for landowners to guard the slaves than to employ paid workers who can demand only low wages because of the degree of competition. Thus,

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proponents to define involuntary psychiatric patients, claiming there are no unbiased physical tests for mental illness and yet the psychiatric patient must follow the orders of the psychiatrist. They assert that instead of chains to control the slave, the psychiatrist uses drugs to control the mind.

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was the last country in the world to officially ban slavery, in 1981, with legal prosecution of slaveholders established in 2007. However, in 2019, approximately 40 million people, of whom 26% were children, were still enslaved throughout the world despite slavery being illegal. In the modern world,

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Many of them are locked in the house of their Taiwanese employers, never allowed to have a day off, and virtually under the control of their employer," Fr O'Neill said. "Some are also victims of sexual abuse – raped by the husband who is their employer. They run away and become undocumented workers,

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are typically recruited through deceit or trickery (such as a false job offer, false migration offer, or false marriage offer), sale by family members, recruitment by former slaves, or outright abduction. Victims are forced into a "debt slavery" situation by coercion, deception, fraud, intimidation,

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were "hunted incessantly and carried off as slaves by the Siamese (Thai), the Anamites (Vietnamese), and the Cambodians". A Siamese military campaign in Laos in 1876 was described by a British observer as having been "transformed into slave-hunting raids on a large scale". The census, taken in 1879,

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The Portuguese also valued Oriental slaves more than the black Africans and the Moors for their rarity. Chinese slaves were more expensive than Moors and blacks and showed off the high status of the owner. The Portuguese attributed qualities like intelligence and industriousness to Chinese, Japanese

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products”, They always had a low social status, and even if they were deliberately murdered, the perpetrators received only a year in prison, and were punished even when they reported the crimes of their lords. However, in the Later period of the dynasty, perhaps because the increase in the number

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Slaves that made it to Haiti from the trans-Atlantic journey and slaves born in Haiti were first documented in Haiti's archives and transferred to France's Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As of 2015, these records are in The National Archives of France. According to the 1788

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economy in Brazil, and sugar was the primary export of the colony from 1600 to 1650. Gold and diamond deposits were discovered in Brazil in 1690, which sparked an increase in the importation of African slaves to power this newly profitable market. Transportation systems were developed for the mining

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structures. In many African communities, where land could not be owned, enslavement of individuals was used as a means to increase the influence a person had and expand connections. This made slaves a permanent part of a master's lineage and the children of slaves could become closely connected with

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Davis' numbers have been refuted by other historians, such as David Earle, who cautions that true picture of Europeans slaves is clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe. In addition, the number of slaves traded was hyperactive, with exaggerated estimates

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Since the 18th century, critics have argued that slavery hinders technological advancement because the focus is on increasing the number of slaves doing simple tasks rather than upgrading their efficiency. For example, it is sometimes argued that, because of this narrow focus, technology in Greece –

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The non-Jewish population was subjected to Nazi terror, too. Hundreds of thousands were deported to Germany as slave laborers, thousands of villages and towns were burned or destroyed, and millions were starved to death as the Germans plundered the entire region. Timothy Snyder estimates that 'half

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Of 2,467 slaves traded on 12 slave voyages from Batavia, India, and Madagascar between 1677 and 1701 to the Cape, 1,617 were landed with a loss of 850 slaves, or 34.45%. On 19 voyages between 1677 and 1732, the mortality rate was somewhat lower (22.7%). See Shell, "Slavery at the Cape of Good Hope,

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VOC 1479, OBP 1691, fls. 611r–627v, Specificatie van Allerhande Koopmansz. tot Tuticurin, Manaapar en Alvatt.rij Ingekocht, 1670/71–1689/90; W. Ph. Coolhaas and J.van Goor, eds, Generale Missiven van Gouverneurs-Generaal en Raden van Indiaan Heren Zeventien der Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie (The

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ing Chinese as slaves, since they are found to be very loyal, intelligent and hard working' ... their culinary bent was also evidently appreciated. The Florentine traveller Fillippo Sassetti, recording his impressions of Lisbon's enormous slave population circa 1580, states that the majority of the

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Idéias e costumes da China podem ter-nos chegado também através de escravos chineses, de uns poucos dos quais sabe-se da presença no Brasil de começos do Setecentos.17 Mas não deve ter sido através desses raros infelizes que a influência chinesa nos atingiu, mesmo porque escravos chineses (e também

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would be worthy of scholarly attention, in my view. For as in the case of global slavery, the Gulag found legitimacy in an elaborate narrative of difference that involved the presumption of dangerousness and guilt. This ideology of difference and the violence of human exploitation have left lasting

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stated that "many colliers and salters are in a state of slavery and bondage" and announced emancipation; those starting work after July 1, 1775, would not become slaves, while those already in a state of slavery could, after 7 or 10 years depending on their age, apply for a decree of the Sheriff's

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made many proposals and developments that lessened the burden on nobi, which led to the emancipation of the vast majority of government nobi in 1801. In addition, population growth, numerous escaped slaves, growing commercialization of agriculture, and the rise of the independent small farmer class

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While American slaves in 1809 were sold for around $ 40,000 (in inflation adjusted dollars), a slave nowadays can be bought for just $ 90, making replacement more economical than providing long-term care. Slavery is a multibillion-dollar industry with estimates of up to $ 35 billion generated

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formally banned the Red Sea slave trade, but it was not enforced in the Ottoman Provinces in the Arabian Peninsula. In the late 19th-century, the Sultan of Morocco stated to Western diplomats that it was impossible for him to ban slavery because such a ban would not be enforcable, but the British

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by Tatar raids on Slavic villages but also by conquest and the suppression of rebellions, in the aftermath of which entire populations were sometimes enslaved and sold across the Empire, reducing the risk of future rebellion. The Ottomans also purchased slaves from traders who brought slaves into

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In September 1687, 665 slaves were exported by the English from Fort St. George, Madras. And, in 1694–96, when warfare once more ravaged South India, a total of 3,859 slaves were imported from Coromandel by private individuals into Ceylon. The volume of the total Dutch Indian Ocean slave trade has

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in 1543, slave trade developed in which Portuguese purchased Japanese as slaves in Japan and sold them to various locations overseas, including Portugal, throughout the 16th and 17th centuries. Many documents mention the slave trade along with protests against the enslavement of Japanese. Japanese

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or Boni, and Matawai. The Maroons often raided plantations to recruit new members from the slaves and capture women, as well as to acquire weapons, food and supplies. They sometimes killed planters and their families in the raids. The colonists also mounted armed campaigns against the Maroons, who

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in 1640 completely transformed society and the economy. Barbados eventually had one of the world's largest sugar industries. The workable sugar plantation required a large investment and a great deal of heavy labour. At first, Dutch traders supplied the equipment, financing, and African slaves, in

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in the region. Eventually, tens of thousands of captives were being taken every year. The Indian Ocean slave trade was multi-directional and changed over time. To meet the demand for menial labour, Bantu slaves bought by east African slave traders from southeastern Africa were sold in cumulatively

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Indenture, also known as bonded labour or debt bondage, is a form of unfree labour in which a person works to pay off a debt by pledging himself or herself as collateral. The services required to repay the debt, and their duration, may be undefined. Debt bondage can be passed on from generation to

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In 2014, for the first time in history, major leaders of many religions, Buddhist, Hindu, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim met to sign a shared commitment against modern-day slavery; the declaration they signed calls for the elimination of slavery and human trafficking by 2020. The signatories were:

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Between 1626 and 1662, the Dutch exported on an average 150–400 slaves annually from the Arakan-Bengal coast. During the first 30 years of Batavia's existence, Indian and Arakanese slaves provided the main labour force of the Dutch East India Company, Asian headquarters. An increase in Coromandel

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were exile slaves to Turkestani Begs. While free Chinese merchants generally did not engage in relationships with East Turkestani women, some of the Chinese slaves belonging to begs, along with Green Standard soldiers, Bannermen, and Manchus, engaged in affairs with the East Turkestani women that

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Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery. Forty percent of the total number of slaves brought to the Americas were sent to Brazil. For reference, the United States received 10 percent. Despite being abolished, there are still people working in slavery-like conditions in

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During the Atlantic slave trade era, Brazil imported more African slaves than any other country. Nearly 5 million slaves were brought from Africa to Brazil during the period from 1501 to 1866. Until the early 1850s, most African slaves who arrived on Brazilian shores were forced to embark at

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There are no records of how many men, women and children were enslaved, but it is possible to calculate roughly the number of fresh captives that would have been needed to keep populations steady and replace those slaves who died, escaped, were ransomed, or converted to Islam. On this basis it is

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Some historians assert that as many as 17 million people were sold into slavery on the coast of the Indian Ocean, the Middle East, and North Africa, and approximately 5 million African slaves were bought by Muslim slave traders and taken from Africa across the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and

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in the United States, to become prominent on large plantations where field hands toiled with factory-like precision. Then, each work gang was based on an internal division of labour that assigned every member of the gang to a task and made each worker's performance dependent on the actions of the

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system. They were well cared for but were legally slaves owned by the government and were not allowed to marry. They were never bought or sold. The empire gave them significant administrative and military roles. The system began about 1365; there were 135,000 janissaries in 1826, when the system

4429:. The nobi population could fluctuate up to about one-third of the total, but on average the nobi made up about 10% of the total population. In 1801, the majority of government nobi were emancipated, and by 1858, the nobi population stood at about 1.5 percent of the Korean population. During the 4014:

The treatment of slaves in the United States varied widely depending on conditions, times, and places. The power relationships of slavery corrupted many whites who had authority over slaves, with children showing their own cruelty. Masters and overseers resorted to physical punishments to impose

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Spain practically did not trade in slaves until 1810 after the rebellions and independence of its American territories or viceroyalties. After the Napoleonic invasions, Spain had lost its industry and its American territories, except in Cuba and Puerto Rico, where the African slave trade to Cuba

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stated that free labour was economically better than slave labour, and that it was nearly impossible to end slavery in a free, democratic, or republican form of government since many of its legislators or political figures were slave owners and would not punish themselves. He further stated that

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Several historians have made important contributions to the global understanding of the African side of the Atlantic slave trade. By arguing that African merchants determined the assemblage of trade goods accepted in exchange for slaves, many historians argue for African agency and ultimately a

5654:

Even though slavery is now outlawed in every country, the number of slaves today is estimated as between 12 million and 29.8 million. According to a broad definition of slavery, there were 27 million people in slavery in 1999, spread all over the world. In 2005, the International

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outside of Italy. Generally, slaves in Italy were indigenous Italians. Foreigners (including both slaves and freedmen) born outside of Italy were estimated to have peaked at 5% of the total in the capital, where their number was largest. Those from outside of Europe were predominantly of Greek

16176:...apart from Jewish forced labourers – workers from Belarus, Ukraine and Russia had to endure the worst working and living conditions. Moreover, German occupation policies in the Soviet Union were far more brutal than in any other country, and German deportation practices the most inhuman. 3501:

Many whites who arrived in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries came under contract as indentured servants. The transformation from indentured servitude to slavery was a gradual process in Virginia. The earliest legal documentation of such a shift was in 1640 where a black man,

12337: 3650:

Many slaves escaped the plantations. With the help of the native South Americans living in the adjoining rain forests, these runaway slaves established a new and unique culture in the interior that was highly successful in its own right. They were known collectively in English as

5150:

converted the household slaves into house serfs. Russian agricultural slaves were formally converted into serfs earlier in 1679. Slavery in Poland was forbidden in the 15th century; in Lithuania, slavery was formally abolished in 1588; they were replaced by the second serfdom.

6473: 4815:, granting the kings of Spain and Portugal the right to reduce any "Saracens (Muslims), pagans and any other unbelievers" to perpetual slavery, legitimizing the slave trade as a result of war. The approval of slavery under these conditions was reaffirmed and extended in his 4485:, where they were enslaved to Portuguese or became slaves to other slaves. Some Korean slaves were bought by the Portuguese and brought back to Portugal from Japan, where they had been among the tens of thousands of Korean prisoners of war transported to Japan during the 5746:, thousands of Nepalese, the largest group of labourers, faced slavery in the form of denial of wages, confiscation of documents, and inability to leave the workplace. In 2016, the United Nations gave Qatar 12 months to end migrant worker slavery or face investigation. 2622:, "The great power of the clergy thus concurring with that of the king set the slaves at liberty. But it was absolutely necessary both that the authority of the king and of the clergy should be great. Where ever any one of these was wanting, slavery still continues..." 5950:

sectors. Taiwan is among a minority of places in the world that legally allows labor brokers to charge migrant workers for services which elsewhere are covered by employers as human resource costs. A few Taiwanese universities have reportedly tricked students from

6968:

Film has been the most influential medium in the presentation of the history of slavery to the general public around the world. The American film industry has had a complex relationship with slavery and until recent decades often avoided the topic. Films such as

6903:

apologized for Arab involvement in the slave trade, saying: "I regret the behavior of the Arabs... They brought African children to North Africa, they made them slaves, they sold them like animals, and they took them as slaves and traded them in a shameful way."

4042:(1835), expressed opposition to slavery while observing its effects on American society. He felt that a multiracial society without slavery was untenable, as he believed that prejudice against black people increased as they were granted more rights. Others, like 9033:

chattel-slavery, whereby the slave‐owner enjoyed complete mastery (dominium) over the slave's physical being was evident throughout the central era of Roman history, and in Roman no less than Greek thought was regarded as both the necessary antithesis of civic

13461:

Another target of his critique is the insistence that slaves (nobi) in Korea, especially in Choson dynasty, were closer to serfs (nongno) than true slaves (noye) in Europe and America, enjoying more freedom and independence than what a slave would normally be

7051:, how facts are stretched in search of broader truths, and suitability for the classroom. Berlin argues that critics complain if the treatment emphasizes historical brutality, or if it glosses over the harshness to highlight the emotional impact of slavery. 4105:, roughly 400,000 individuals, representing 8% of all U.S. families, owned nearly 4,000,000 slaves. One-third of Southern families owned slaves. The South was heavily invested in slavery. As such, upon Lincoln's election, seven states broke away to form the 3863:, had established rules on slave treatment and permissible freedoms. Saint-Domingue has been described as one of the most brutally efficient slave colonies; one-third of newly imported Africans died within a few years. Many slaves died from diseases such as 4459:

around World War II, some Koreans were used in forced labour by the Imperial Japanese, in conditions which have been compared to slavery. These included women forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II, known as

16250:, p. vii: "Much has been written, and much is still to be written, about the Gulag. We all know of its status as an "archipelago" (in Solzhenitsyn's words) of penal slavery, inflicted on millions and held as a threat over the rest of the population." 8940: 5595:

Ottoman anti slavery laws where not enforced in the late 19th-century, particularly not in Hejaz; the first attempt to ban the Red Sea slave trade in 1857 resulted in a rebellion in the Hejaz Province, which resulted in Hejza exempted from the ban. The

3209:

began, many of the local slave systems began supplying captives for chattel slave markets outside Africa. Although the Atlantic slave trade was not the only slave trade from Africa, it was the largest in volume and intensity. As Elikia M'bokolo wrote in

2726:("Pleasure Brigades") are made up of women selected from the general population to serve as entertainers and as concubines to the rulers of North Korea. "Tribute labor" is compulsory labor for the state and has been used in various iterations such as 6861:

resolved to 'profoundly regret' and apologize for its role in the institution of slavery. Unique and the first of its kind in the U.S., the apology was unanimously passed in both Houses as Virginia approached the 400th anniversary of the founding of

6607:

France abolished slavery in 1794 during the Revolution, but it was restored in 1802 under Napoleon. It has been asserted that, before the Revolution, slavery was illegal in metropolitan France (as opposed to its colonies), but this has been refuted.

5738:

In Kuwait, there are more than 600,000 migrant domestic workers who are vulnerable to forced labor and legally tied to their employers, who often illegally take their passports. In 2019, online slave markets on apps such as Instagram were uncovered.

3114:

thought that around 8,500 new slaves were needed annually to replenish numbers – about 850,000 captives over the century from 1580 to 1680. By extension, for the 250 years between 1530 and 1780, the figure could easily have been as high as 1,250,000.

6704:'s reports of atrocities within the Arab slave trade in Africa stirred up the interest of the British public, reviving the flagging abolitionist movement. The Royal Navy throughout the 1870s attempted to suppress "this abominable Eastern trade", at 1576: 2362:

Forced labour, or unfree labour, is sometimes used to describe an individual who is forced to work against their own will, under threat of violence or other punishment. This may also include institutions not commonly classified as slavery, such as

4472:

slaves are believed to be the first of their nation to end up in Europe, and the Portuguese purchased numbers of Japanese slave girls to bring to Portugal for sexual purposes, as noted by the Church in 1555. Japanese slave women were even sold as

23089: 3145:, with as many as 50,000 African slaves passing through every year during the 19th century. Some historians estimate that between 11 and 18 million African slaves crossed the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Sahara Desert from 650 to 1900 AD. 2785:, protecting slaves from mistreatment simultaneously protected people who might be mistaken for slaves, and giving slaves limited property rights incentivized slaves to work harder to get more property. In the southern United States prior to 12345: 5667:(18.1 million), forced labour (7.6 million), and trafficked slaves (2.7 million). Kara provides a dynamic model to calculate the number of slaves in the world each year, with an estimated 29.2 million at the end of 2009. 3646:

The planters of the Dutch colony of Suriname relied heavily on African slaves to cultivate, harvest and process the commodity crops of coffee, cocoa, sugar cane and cotton plantations. The Netherlands abolished slavery in Suriname in 1863.

2576:

others. The slaves chopped out the weeds that surrounded the cotton plants as well as excess sprouts. Plow gangs followed behind, stirring the soil near the plants and tossing it back around the plants. Thus, the gang system worked like an

4544:

been estimated to be about 15–30% of the Atlantic slave trade, slightly smaller than the trans-Saharan slave trade, and one-and-a-half to three times the size of the Swahili and Red Sea coast and the Dutch West India Company slave trades.

24712: 21749: 3630:

or black codes, which created differential treatment between Africans and the white workers and ruling planter class. In response to these codes, several slave rebellions were attempted or planned during this time, but none succeeded.

4007:. Those states attempted to extend slavery into the new western territories to keep their share of political power in the nation. Such laws proposed to Congress to continue the spread of slavery into newly ratified states include the 1822:

Many historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as

5963:

into forced labour at factories as payment for the university programs. Some charity groups in 2007 also insisted that foreign women—mostly from China and Southeast Asia—were being forced into prostitution, although local police in

4480:

and African crew members, along with their European counterparts serving on Portuguese ships trading in Japan, mentioned by Luis Cerqueira, a Portuguese Jesuit, in a 1598 document. Japanese slaves were brought by the Portuguese to

2777:, people who deliberately killed slaves were punishable under a 1686 statute. And, as already mentioned, certain legal rights attached to the nobi in Korea, to slaves in various African societies, and to black female slaves in the 4124:, which banned slavery and involuntary servitude "except as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted," providing a legal basis for forced labor to continue in the country. This led to the system of 3222:

The African continent was bled of its human resources via all possible routes. Across the Sahara, through the Red Sea, from the Indian Ocean ports and across the Atlantic. At least ten centuries of slavery for the benefit of the

5301:

Stalin's Gulag was, in many ways, less a concentration camp than a forced labor camp and less a prison system than a system of slavery. The image of the slave appears often in Gulag memoir literature. As Varlam Shalamov wrote:

16188: 6567:

Many of the freed slaves became sharecroppers and indentured servants. In this manner, some became tied to the very parcel of land into which they had been born a slave having little freedom or economic opportunity because of

6572:

which perpetuated discrimination, limited education, promoted persecution without due process and resulted in continued poverty. Fear of reprisals such as unjust incarcerations and lynchings deterred upward mobility further.

3039:. The use of slave labour was extensive, especially in agriculture." The Anti-Slavery Society estimated there were 2 million slaves in Ethiopia in the early 1930s out of an estimated population of 8 to 16 million. 14028:

countryside.16 Slaves were everywhere in Lisbon, according to the Florentine merchant Filippo Sassetti, who was also living in the city during 1578. Black slaves were the most numerous, but there were also a scattering of

5304:"Hungry and exhausted, we leaned into a horse collar, raising blood blisters on our chests and pulling a stone-filled cart up the slanted mine floor. The collar was the same device used long ago by the ancient Egyptians." 5201:

Besides Jews, the harshest deportation and forced labour policies were applied to the populations of Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia. By the end of the war, half of Belarus' population had been killed or deported.

4451:

contributed to the decline in the number of nobi to about 1.5% of the total population by 1858. The hereditary nobi system was officially abolished around 1886–87, and the rest of the nobi system was abolished with the

17079: 11835: 6693:, which campaigned to outlaw slavery in other countries. There were celebrations in 2007 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade in the United Kingdom through the work of the British 8929: 18055: 13644: 9557: 6449: 17324:"China: 83 major brands implicated in report on forced labour of ethnic minorities from Xinjiang assigned to factories across provinces; Includes company responses – Business & Human Rights Resource Centre" 6809:

was performed with a high degree of involvement of several African societies. The black slave market was supplied by well-established slave trade networks controlled by local African societies and individuals.

6328: 4168:, protesting for better pay, better conditions, and for the end of forced labor. Strike leaders were punished with indefinite solitary confinement. Forced prison labor occurs in both government-run prisons and 9152:

Wealth rested heavily on the possession of slaves across the large empires of West Africa as well as in Benin and other kingdoms Slave owners in sub-Saharan Africa also employed their chattel in a variety of

2221:

continued to traffic slaves from the African continent to the Middle East. During the 20th century, the issue of chattel slavery was addressed and investigated globally by international bodies created by the

14407:

footnote 2: (...) While it is likely that the institution of slavery existed in India during the Vedic period, the association of the Vedic 'Dasa' with 'slaves' is problematic and likely to have been a later

6805:. Apologies on behalf of African nations, for their role in trading their countrymen into slavery, remain an open issue since slavery was practiced in Africa even before the first Europeans arrived and the 6527:

In the United States, all of the northern states had abolished slavery by 1804, with New Jersey being the last to act. Abolitionist pressure produced a series of small steps towards emancipation. After the

6439: 4180:

constitute half the market share of private prisons, and they made a combined revenue of $ 3.5 billion in 2015. The value of all labor by inmates in the United States is estimated to be in the billions. In

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or early marriages are often considered types of slavery. Forced marriage continues to be practiced in parts of the world including some parts of Asia and Africa and in immigrant communities in the West.

3736:

Later, Portuguese colonists were heavily dependent on indigenous labour during the initial phases of settlement to maintain the subsistence economy, and natives were often captured by expeditions called

16225:

or Central Administration of Camps. Over time, it has also indicated not only the administration of concentration camps, but also the very system of Soviet slave labor, in all its forms and varieties";

5242: 3906:

fathers frequently sent their mixed-race sons to France for their education. Some men of color were admitted into the military. More of the free people of color lived in the south of the island, near

2552:

first slavery and then serfdom gradually decreased in Europe as the population grew. They were reintroduced in the Americas and in Russia as large areas of land with few inhabitants became available.

4263:), Murder against slaves was as taboo as murder against free people, and perpetrators were always severely punished. Han dynasty can be said to be very distinctive compared to other countries of the 2746:

regimes such as the Nazis and the Soviet Union placed increasing importance on the labor provided in those camps, leading to a growing tendency among historians to designate such systems as slavery.

1571: 16136: 11796: 7044:

takes place on the imaginary Portuguese island of Queimada (where the locals speak Spanish) and it merges historical events that took place in Brazil, Cuba, Santo Domingo, Jamaica, and elsewhere.

6922:

matter in almost every country. This is often decried as a serious problem, since former slaves' relatives lack of money means they often have limited access to a potentially expensive and futile

6426: 9983:...vulgar are the means of livelihood of all hired workmen whom we pay for mere manual labour, not for artistic skill; for in their case the very wage they receive is a pledge of their slavery. 6877:

of enslaved African men, women and children. To justify this murder and torture black people had to be declared inferior or not human... We live with the consequences today." City officials in

2035:

sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.

6619:

was widely taken to have held that slavery was illegal in England. This judgement also laid down the principle that slavery contracted in other jurisdictions could not be enforced in England.

6337: 17776: 17441: 6430: 6327: 6323: 4003:, effective 1808, although smuggling (illegal importing) was not unusual. Domestic slave trading, however, continued at a rapid pace, driven by labour demands from the development of cotton 3902:

descendants of white male colonists and black female slaves (and later, mixed-race women). Over time, many were released from slavery. They established a separate social class. White French

6831:, minister of environment and housing for Benin, later said: "The slave trade is a shame, and we do repent for it." Researchers estimate that 3 million slaves were exported out of the 6500:, which ruled China from 221 to 206 BC, abolished slavery and discouraged serfdom. However, many of its laws were overturned when the dynasty was overthrown. Slavery was again abolished by 6433: 2645: 6319: 5268:

Prisoners in these camps were worked to death by a combination of extreme production quotas, physical and psychological brutality, hunger, lack of medical care, and the harsh environment.

24681: 19968: 17372: 9130:

Chattel-slaves were needed, especially from the ninth to thirteenth centuries, in the gold and emerald (carbuncle) mines of the Wadi Allaqi in the deserts east of the Nile's 2nd Cataract

6400: 6048: 5934:, forced labour, and abuses are all widespread. Most international human rights organizations consider North Korea to have no contemporary parallel with respect to violations of liberty. 6404: 6370: 5282:. Fatality rate was as high as 80% during the first months in many camps. Hundreds of thousands of people, possibly millions, died as a direct result of forced labour under the Soviets. 5762:. The foundation defines contemporary slavery as "situations of exploitation that a person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion, abuse of power, or deception." 3104:, the capital of Algeria, captured Christians and Europeans were forced into slavery. In about 1650, there were as many as 35,000 Christian slaves in Algiers. By one estimate, raids by 31191: 22253: 10370: 4425:

class, and some possessed property rights, and legal and civil rights. Hence, some scholars argue that it is inappropriate to call them "slaves", while some scholars describe them as

1803:, especially in regards to their labour. Slavery typically involves compulsory work, with the slave's location of work and residence dictated by the party that holds them in bondage. 3984:, the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry. The United States became polarized over the issue of slavery, represented by the 19124: 12878: 9486: 17863: 11030: 3017:

Sahara Desert between 1500 and 1900. The captives were sold throughout the Middle East. This trade accelerated as superior ships led to more trade and greater demand for labour on

19098: 6330: 2825:

populations because it requires economic surpluses and a substantial population density. Thus, although it has existed among unusually resource-rich hunter gatherers, such as the

2183:, Subsaharan Africa, Brazil, the United States and parts of the Caribbean such as Cuba and Haiti. The Iroquois enslaved others in ways that “looked very like chattel slavery." 2171:) owned by the enslaver; like livestock, they can be bought and sold at will. Chattel slavery was historically the normal form of slavery and was practiced in places such as the 6850:

and is still being pursued by entities across the world. For example, the Jamaican Reparations Movement approved its declaration and action plan. In 2007, British Prime Minister

3046:, Bantu peoples that lived along the East African coast. The Zanj were for centuries shipped as slaves by Arab traders to all the countries bordering the Indian Ocean during the 12908:

Ober, Josiah; Scheidel, Walter; Shaw, Brent D.; Sanclemente, Donna (April 18, 2007). "Toward Open Access in Ancient Studies: The Princeton-Stanford Working Papers in Classics".

9047: 8544: 8315: 3561:

began on a massive scale from 1810 onwards. It was started by French planters exiled from the French lost colony Saint Domingue (Haiti) who settled in the eastern part of Cuba.

15573: 2793:, a right to trial by jury in graver cases, and the right to grand jury indictment, but they lacked many other rights such as white adults' ability to control their own lives. 32245: 23081: 17087: 6918:

There have been movements to achieve reparations for those formerly held as slaves or for their descendants. Claims for reparations for being held in slavery are handled as a

4357:(Tungans) Sufis who were charged with practicing xiejiao (heterodox religion), were punished by exile to Xinjiang and being sold as a slave to other Muslims, such as the Sufi 2604:

slaves would be better able to gain their freedom under centralized government, or a central authority like a king or church. Similar arguments appeared later in the works of

17803: 11845: 9597: 6645:

led the anti-slavery movement in the United Kingdom, although the groundwork was an anti-slavery essay by Clarkson. Wilberforce was urged by his close friend, Prime Minister

6442: 3050:. The Umayyad and Abbasid caliphs recruited many Zanj slaves as soldiers and, as early as 696, there were slave revolts of the Zanj against their Arab enslavers during their 16283:, p. 295: "This is the fact that the forced labor system of the Gulag is an example of slavery in the absence of well-defined and enforced property rights in slaves."; 6336: 2106:

perpetuates the crime of slavery in language by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of "carry them forward as people, not the property that they were" (see also

17570: 11905:

All Mankind Is One: A Study of the Disputation Between Bartolomé de Las Casas and Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda on the Religious and Intellectual Capacity of the American Indians

6332: 5194:(sub-humans) as a permanent slave-class of inferior beings who could be worked until they died, and who possessed neither the rights nor the legal status of members of the 4046:

argued that slavery was a "positive good" stating: "Such a class you must have, or you would not have that other class which leads progress, civilization, and refinement."

19073: 14456:

Sources such as the Arthasastra, the Manusmriti and the Mahabharata demonstrate that institutionalized slavery was well established in India by beginning of the common era

9474:

Persians never practiced mass slavery, and in many cases the situations and lives of semi-slaves (prisoners of war) were in fact better than the common citizens of Persia.

6385: 18063: 10922: 6376: 6349: 6321: 3085:

boomed and the Arabs became richer, agriculture and other manual labour work was thought to be demeaning. The resulting labour shortage led to an increased slave market.

2753:

where the Spanish Crown granted private individuals the right to the free labour of a specified number of natives in a given area. In the "Red Rubber System" of both the

9553: 6464:

Slavery has existed, in one form or another, throughout recorded human history – as have, in various periods, movements to free large or distinct groups of slaves.

6367: 3490:. The first African slaves arrived in Hispaniola in 1501. This era saw a growth in race-based slavery. England played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade. The " 3243:

The trans-Atlantic slave trade peaked in the late 18th century, when the largest number of slaves were captured on raiding expeditions into the interior of West Africa.

13674: 8571: 6892:

passed a resolution apologizing to African-Americans for the "fundamental injustice, cruelty, brutality, and inhumanity of slavery". The news was welcomed by President

6416: 6414: 6324: 13652: 6407: 6357: 1702: 6420: 6365: 5420:

has been difficult to differentiate by word usage alone. The three apparent types of enslavement in Ancient Egypt: chattel slavery, bonded labour, and forced labour.

4109:. The first six states to secede held the greatest number of slaves in the South. Shortly after, over the issue of slavery, the United States erupted into an all-out 3743:. The importation of African slaves began midway through the 16th century, but the enslavement of indigenous peoples continued well into the 17th and 18th centuries. 2845:

about 11,000 years ago. Slavery was practiced in almost every ancient civilization. Such institutions included debt bondage, punishment for crime, the enslavement of

2298:

generation, with children required to pay off their progenitors' debt. It is the most widespread form of slavery today. Debt bondage is most prevalent in South Asia.

2262:. Legal chattel slavery was finally abolished in the Arabian Peninsula in the 1960s: Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 1962, in Dubai in 1963, and Oman as the last in 1970. 17669: 6320: 25175: 23057: 14571:, Rijks Geschiedkundige Publication, Kleine serie 43 (The Hague, 1976); R. Barendse, "Slaving on the Malagasy Coast, 1640–1700," in S. Evers and M. Spindler, eds, 6245: 6041: 4715:

By the late Republican era, slavery had become an economic pillar of Roman wealth, as well as Roman society. It is estimated that 25% or more of the population of

3930: 3295: 6536:, nor involvement in the international slave trade externally. Legal slavery persisted outside the northern states; most of those slaves already in the U.S. were 6410: 6334: 6322: 18175: 12558: 6325: 3910:, and many intermarried within their community. They frequently worked as artisans and tradesmen, and began to own some property. Some became slave holders. The 3513:

After 1640, planters started to ignore the expiration of indentured contracts and keep their servants as slaves for life. This was demonstrated by the 1655 case

16206:

of the population of Soviet Belarus was either killed or forcibly displaced during World War II: nothing of the kind can be said of any other European country.'

10294: 8804: 32093: 27946: 24221: 18025: 6634: 6561: 5942:

Taiwan's migrant worker population—estimated in 2018 to be up to 660,000 in number—have reportedly faced slavery-like conditions involving sexual abuse in the

4117: 2786: 1561: 1092: 19038: 6441: 6338: 5073:, opened in 1444. In 1441, the first slaves were brought to Portugal from northern Mauritania. By 1552, black African slaves made up 10% of the population of 29202: 23169: 10348:

The encomienda in its early heyday granted a lifetime monopoly on the utilization of temporary Indian labor in a given area to one Spaniard, the encomendero.

4278:, Due to years of poor harvests, the influx of foreign tribes, and the resulting wars, The number of slaves exploded. They became a class and were called " 22268: 18574: 9630: 6583:, His autobiography, published in 1789, helped in the creation of the Slave Trade Act 1807 which ended the African slave trade for Britain and its colonies. 6406: 6388: 6366: 6331: 26276: 17163: 16143: 16010: 11298: 9314: 8310: 6318: 6300: 4873:

merchants were all involved in the slave trade during the Early Middle Ages. The trade in European slaves reached a peak in the 10th century following the

4438:

among prominent thinkers in Korea about the nobi system. Even within the Joseon government, there were indications of a shift in attitude toward the nobi.

4132:, an American criminal justice think tank, cites the 2020 US prison population as 2.3 million, and nearly all able-bodied inmates work in some fashion. In 3973: 2761:, labour was demanded as taxation; private companies were conceded areas within which they were allowed to use any measures to increase rubber production. 1446: 818: 555: 6361: 5796:

and used for forced labour in at least twenty-seven corporate factories. According to the Business and Human Rights resource center, corporations such as

4944:, announcing that a stolen slave had been found, who would be sold to pay expenses, unless claimed within two weeks). For nearly two hundred years in the 4395:

country, but by the 16th century, population growth was making unnecessary". Slavery went into decline around the 10th century but came back in the late

2102:" or "enslaved person", rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, 24429: 20568:

Encounters on the Opposite Coast: Cross-Cultural Contacts between the Dutch East India Company and the Nayaka State of Madurai in the Seventeenth Century

19702: 12338:"Vergonha Ainda Maior: Novas informações disponíveis em um enorme banco de dados mostram que a escravidão no Brasil foi muito pior do que se sabia antes" 6437: 6425: 6417: 6034: 5185: 5175: 4922:, by 1200 slavery in the British Isles was non-existent. Slavery had never been authorized by statute within England and Wales, and in 1772, in the case 3373:

and their descendants were slaves. Some nations in British Columbia continued to segregate and ostracize the descendants of slaves as late as the 1970s.

2894:

In European courtly society, and European aristocracy, black African slaves and their children became visible in the late 1300s and 1400s. Starting with

1182: 823: 19746: 17781: 15686: 14720:

Lauffer, Siegfried (August 1, 1957). Berneker, Erich (ed.). "Die Bergwerkssklaven von Laureion, I. Teil" [The Mine Slaves of Laureion, Part I].

8836: 26541: 23625: 6408: 6078: 3964:, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries, after it gained independence from the British and before the end of the 3357:, that lived along the Pacific coast from Alaska to California, on what is sometimes described as the Pacific or Northern Northwest Coast. Some of the 2273:. The 1981 ban on slavery was not enforced in practice, as there were no legal mechanisms to prosecute those who used slaves, these only came in 2007. 4953:

Court granting their freedom. Few could afford this, until a further law in 1799 established their freedom and made this slavery and bondage illegal.

4688:

expanded outward, entire populations were enslaved, across Europe and the Mediterranean. Slaves were used for labour, as well as for amusement (e.g.,

26428: 25570: 24953: 6440: 6329: 4238:, slaves were sometimes discriminated against but their legal status was guaranteed. As can be seen from the some historical records as “Duansheng, 3358: 22022: 17032: 15366: 12176: 3482:; his observation of that massacre led him to fight for a social movement away from the use of natives as slaves. Also, the alarming decline in the 24380: 16781: 16647: 5065:

was the first slave market created in Portugal (one of the earliest colonizers of the Americas) for the sale of imported African slaves – the

3035:, "It is estimated that by the 1890s the largest slave population of the world, about 2 million people, was concentrated in the territories of the 2090:) with the meaning "to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)" or "to make booty / extract spoils of war". This version has been criticized as well. 515: 15920: 6524:, who was "the first to expose the oppression of indigenous peoples by Europeans in the Americas and to call for the abolition of slavery there." 6429: 6381: 2386:

and is the fastest growing form of forced labour, with Thailand, Cambodia, India, Brazil and Mexico having been identified as leading hotspots of

23579: 18965: 15982: 8755:] (in Russian). Vol. 23. Дневник писателя за 1876 год. Май-октябрь. Leningrad: Наука. Ленингр. отд-ние. pp. 63, 382. Archived from 8595: 6372: 6369: 17445: 17384: 6941:

in which reparations were estimated, for harms both during and after the period of transatlantic chattel slavery, at over 100 trillion dollars.

6438: 6355: 4049:

The Southern state governments wanted to keep a balance between the number of slave and free states to maintain a political balance of power in

2452:

occurs in many places in the world today, with a 2003 study finding a national average of 69% of marriages in Ethiopia being through abduction.

24301: 19255: 17697: 16951: 16835: 12340:[Even Greater Shame: New information available from a huge database shows that slavery in Brazil was far worse than previously known]. 8270: 7004:

in the 1950s made defiant slaves into heroes. The question of slavery in American memory necessarily involves its depictions in feature films.

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One of the most significant milestones in the campaign to abolish slavery throughout the world occurred in England in 1772, with British Judge

6339: 3751:(in present-day Angola). Today, with the exception of Nigeria, the country with the largest population of people of African descent is Brazil. 2488:

was a pseudoscientific psychiatric diagnosis for a slave who desired freedom; "symptoms" included laziness and the tendency to flee captivity.

870: 19978: 16932: 8993: 6373: 6333: 5735:, Syria, and Zimbabwe were at the lowest level. The list also included Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait among a total of 21 countries. 4380:, women from outcast or slave families who were trained to provide entertainment, conversation, and sexual services to men of the upper class. 4065:, and Mexico were the subject of major political compromises. By 1850, the newly rich cotton-growing South was threatening to secede from the 22061: 18674: 14569:

De Nederlanders in Kerala, 1663–1701: De Memories en Instructies Betreffende het Commandement Malabar van de Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie

12746: 10360: 8876: 8770: 6347: 5112:. About 2 million mostly Christian slaves were exported over the 16th and 17th centuries until the Crimean Khanate was destroyed by the 4391:

period, in the first century BCE. Slavery has been described as "very important in medieval Korea, probably more important than in any other

4365:

who committed crimes such as those dealing with opium became slaves to the begs, this practice was administered by Qing law. Most Chinese in

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after the 16th century. The Dutch, too, largely dealt in Abyssian slaves, known in India as Habshis or Sheedes. Arakan/Bengal, Malabar, and

3426:

The countries that controlled most of the transatlantic slave market in terms of number of slaves shipped were the UK, Portugal and France.

26228: 24958: 18085: 8511: 6326: 6113: 6021: 3634: 3564:

In 1789, the Spanish Crown led an effort to reform slavery, as the demand for slave labour in Cuba was growing. The Crown issued a decree,

1566: 1416: 22207: 21614: 18842: 12886: 6391: 3274:, with mortality rates considerably higher in Africa itself in the process of capturing and transporting indigenous peoples to the ships. 32653: 32225: 29930: 29805: 26211: 24928: 24522: 24054: 9733: 6431: 6362: 5509:, about one-fifth of the population consisted of slaves. The city was a major centre of the slave trade in the 15th and later centuries. 4525: 4297:

of slaves slowed down again, the penalties for crimes against them became harsh again. For example, the famous contemporary female poet

897: 20434:

Japanese Travellers in Sixteenth-century Europe: A Dialogue Concerning the Mission of the Japanese Ambassadors to the Roman Curia (1590)

18988: 9369: 8840: 6386: 6384: 6346: 4551:(who sat on the Viceroy's Council), there were an estimated 8 or 9 million slaves in India in 1841. About 15% of the population of 3369:, were traditionally known as fierce warriors and slave-traders, raiding as far as California. Slavery was hereditary, the slaves being 32267: 30162: 29815: 27784: 27762: 24206: 22201: 17058: 16865: 13912:. Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. Harvard University, Edwin O. Reischauer Institute of Japanese Studies. p. 18. 6387: 5556:

had supplied slaves to the Middle East for thousands of years from antiquity until the 1870s. A slave market for captured Russian and

5085: 3162:, London, 1920) believes that for every slave the Arabs brought to the coast at least six died on the way or during the slavers' raid. 2387: 1643: 395: 18358: 18144: 17186: 12724: 11933: 9055: 8548: 6359: 6344: 5416:

to refer to different classes of servitude over the course of history. Interpretation of the textual evidence of classes of slaves in

32346: 32128: 31403: 30858: 30073: 28688: 26888: 26398: 23593: 22351: 20711: 17945: 10111: 6625:

was a late 18th-century British group that campaigned to end slavery. Its members were Africans in London, freed slaves who included

6517: 6432: 5601:

asked him to ensure that the slave trade in Morocco would at least be handled discreet and away from the eyes of foreign wittnesses.

4486: 3448: 845: 15577: 11034: 9490: 6405: 3415:

Slavery in America remains a contentious issue and played a major role in the history and evolution of some countries, triggering a

2781:. Giving slaves legal rights has sometimes been a matter of morality, but also sometimes a matter of self-interest. For example, in 31303: 30667: 28971: 28532: 28094: 27214: 26560:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

26114: 24136: 24024: 23767: 23574: 23348: 18815: 9604: 6436: 6290: 6203: 5030:

were the scene of almost constant Muslim invasion of the predominantly Christian area. Periodic raiding expeditions were sent from

4949: 4719:

was enslaved, although the actual percentage is debated by scholars and varied from region to region. Slaves represented 15–25% of

4098: 2235: 1616: 1436: 609: 19494: 16337: 16065: 12794: 10608: 10279: 8413: 32417: 31517: 31430: 31388: 29922: 29860: 28713: 26793: 26134: 25732: 23668: 15013: 7047:

Historians agree that films have largely shaped historical memories, but they debate issues of accuracy, plausibility, moralism,

6353: 3247: 1779: 17578: 16230:, p. 112: "From the perspective of the Kremlin, Magadan existed as the center of a domestic colony based on slave labor."; 13387:"Korean Nobi in American Mirror: Yi Dynasty Coerced Labor in Comparison to the Slavery in the Antebellum Southern United States" 6533: 3022:

large numbers over the centuries to customers in Egypt, Arabia, the Persian Gulf, India, European colonies in the Far East, the

33324: 32542: 30873: 29902: 29233: 28879: 28584: 28030: 27358: 27353: 27348: 27343: 27338: 27328: 26594: 26534: 26470: 25671: 24385: 24146: 23974: 23959: 23954: 23800: 23511: 23332: 23252: 17823:

then they are lured by the illegal brokers to find work. Some of them end up in brothels and become victims of sex trafficking.

7548: 6885: 5356: 4349:; Chinese transliteration: 包衣阿哈), which is a Manchu word literally translated as "household person" and sometimes rendered as " 2202: 880: 298: 17519: 17214: 12822: 9684: 4926:, Lord Mansfield declared that it was also unsupported within England by the common law. The slave trade was abolished by the 30972: 30363: 29897: 25699: 24280: 24211: 23939: 23284: 23113: 22157: 22131: 22110: 22074: 22035: 22011: 21986: 21961: 21936: 21908: 21883: 21842: 21792: 21763: 21738: 21696: 21671: 21644: 21566: 21542: 21518: 21493: 21472: 21451: 21426: 21398: 21134: 21113: 21082: 21054: 21026: 21001: 20976: 20951: 20922: 20898: 20873: 20848: 20827: 20802: 20777: 20752: 20724: 20680: 20641: 20580: 20555: 20498: 20445: 20415: 20387: 20359: 20331: 20293: 20268: 20237: 20178: 20092: 20067: 20044: 20003: 19957: 19875: 19849: 19826: 19789: 19760: 19731: 19691: 19593: 19565: 19543: 19304: 19238: 19187: 18558: 18395: 18303: 18247: 18219: 17910: 17026: 16915: 16758: 16677: 16458: 16049: 15896: 15865: 15827: 15789: 15758: 15715: 15647: 15531: 15409: 15275: 15233: 15195: 15157: 15055: 15025: 14956: 14931: 14898: 14804: 14690: 14659: 14392: 14360: 14329: 14297: 14259: 14154: 14127: 14082: 14050: 14014: 13976: 13938: 13882: 13838: 13793: 13748: 13717: 13682: 13627: 13593: 13559: 13489: 13447: 13369: 13273: 13235: 13205: 13161: 13080: 13049: 13018: 12862: 12772: 12707: 12677: 12646: 12597: 12541: 12479: 12415: 12276: 12243: 12215: 12103: 12075: 11808: 11713: 11660: 11629: 11405: 11166: 11146: 11112: 11085: 11001: 10906: 10863: 10836: 10782: 10655: 10546: 10465: 10263: 10210: 10172: 9801: 9433: 9231: 9019: 8969: 8890: 8856: 8581: 8462: 8351: 7449: 6728: 6720: 6612: 6529: 6093: 5918:

North Korea's human rights record is often considered to be the worst in the world and has been globally condemned, with the

5785: 5034:

to ravage the Iberian Christian kingdoms, bringing back booty and slaves. In a raid against Lisbon in 1189, for example, the

4000: 3350: 2826: 1458: 1135: 907: 21712:

American Negro Slavery: A Survey of the Supply, Employment and Control of Negro Labor as Determined by the Plantation Régime

19083: 16733:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p. 17

13386: 12067:

The Old Dominion in the Seventeenth Century: A Documentary History of Virginia, 1606–1700: Easyread Super Large 18pt Edition

4497:

feared rampant slavery was having a negative effect on Catholic proselytization, so he commanded that it be banned in 1571.

3439:

In order to establish itself as an American empire, Spain had to fight against the relatively powerful civilizations of the

32687: 32556: 29907: 28589: 27482: 26964: 26762: 24734: 24029: 23851: 23129: 18500:

Chatman, Samuel L. (2000). "'There are no Slaves in France': A Re-Examination of Slave Laws in Eighteenth Century France".

18422:

Dwyer, Philip (2008). "Remembering and Forgetting in Contemporary France: Napoleon, Slavery, and the French History Wars".

16719:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. Storbritannien: AltaMira Press. p.16

10954: 10798: 9667: 9504: 8911: 6513: 6427: 6382: 4169: 3557:; some escaped, but most died from European diseases and overwork. The Spaniards also introduced the first African slaves. 1655: 1611: 1254: 30642: 17661: 17600: 14763: 12367: 10415: 9995:

North, Douglass C.; Thomas, Robert Paul (December 1971). "The Rise and Fall of the Manorial System: A Theoretical Model".

9238:

the Iroquois confederacy, people who practiced a form of captive taking that in some ways looked very like chattel slavery

6360: 6356: 2789:, a proslavery legal treatise reported that slaves accused of crimes typically had a legal right to counsel, freedom from 32641: 32056: 31338: 30559: 30380: 29940: 26921: 26873: 26644: 25883: 25380: 25050: 24963: 24854: 24512: 24332: 23964: 23949: 22937: 17293: 11119:

According to Robert Davis, from the 16th to 19th century, pirates captured 1 million to 1.25 million Europeans as slaves.

6179: 6171: 6163: 6155: 6002:(in which case the practice is called sex trafficking), victims also include men, women and children who are forced into 3299: 3198: 3023: 2871:

region, between 1300 and 1900, close to one-third of the population was enslaved. In early Islamic states of the western

1697: 1329: 989: 840: 636: 545: 34861: 22489: 9530: 6435: 5272:, who survived eight years of Gulag incarceration, provided firsthand testimony about the camps with the publication of 4148:, prisoners are not paid at all for their work. In other states, prisoners are paid between $ 0.12 and $ 1.15 per hour. 32621: 32500: 30564: 30088: 30068: 30047: 24948: 24412: 23468: 23340: 22571: 21730: 21635: 18600: 18182: 17935: 17808: 12432: 12207: 11908: 10932: 9250: 6415: 6351: 5089: 5002: 4316:. According to Japanese historians Sugiyama Masaaki (杉山正明) and Funada Yoshiyuki (舩田善之), Mongolian slaves were owned by 3605:

In the early 17th century, the majority of the labour in Barbados was provided by European indentured servants, mainly

3483: 3320: 1717: 1406: 1160: 17639: 12568: 8743: 8481: 6401: 6399: 6350: 4455:

of 1894. However, slavery did not completely disappear in Korea until 1930, during Imperial Japanese rule. During the

2499:

to the condition of some or all human-owned animals, arguing that their status is comparable to that of human slaves.

2375:. As slavery has been legally outlawed in all countries, forced labour in the present day (frequently referred to as " 32591: 32442: 32167: 31985: 31933: 31484: 30947: 30657: 30341: 30052: 29935: 29778: 28826: 28001: 27789: 27757: 26527: 26315: 26298: 25760: 24586: 24417: 23903: 23881: 23569: 23529: 19618: 18790: 16839: 16297: 15343: 14974: 14540:

26, no. 1 (1936):; D.G.E. Hall, "The Daghregister of Batavia and Dutch Trade with Burma in the Seventeenth Century,"

11960: 11916: 9404: 9199: 9174: 9086: 8820: 8384: 8204: 6422: 5720: 5188:, both those considered undesirable and citizens of conquered countries, with the avowed intention of treating these 4994: 4004: 2422:

than any other category of child labour, often sent to cities by parents living in rural poverty as with the Haitian

2418:

estimated that 200,000 to 300,000 children served as soldiers in then-current conflicts. More girls under 16 work as

1534: 1411: 835: 604: 471: 18033: 17341:

Quackenbush, Casey (December 1, 2017). "The Libyan Slave Trade Has Shocked the World. Here's What You Should Know".

16425:... the shepherd of the oppressed and of the slaves ... If any one buy from the son or the slave of another man 11977:

Galenson, David W. (March 1984). "The Rise and Fall of Indentured Servitude in the Americas: An Economic Analysis".

11246:

Baepler, B. (January 1999). "White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives".

11031:"Revisiting the Zanj and Re-Visioning Revolt: Complexities of the Zanj Conflict – 868–883 AD – slave revolt in Iraq" 10955:""Freedom is a good thing but it means a dearth of slaves": Twentieth Century Solutions to the Abolition of Slavery" 10312: 6397: 6392: 6354: 4328:

of Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands, or Africans, or both) were also purchased as slaves in the Tang dynasty.

3066:

situated in present-day Iraq, is believed to have involved enslaved Zanj that had originally been captured from the

32151: 31308: 30492: 30213: 30186: 29800: 28811: 26508: 26264: 26233: 26129: 25333: 25170: 25070: 24517: 24407: 23617: 23388: 21418: 21327: 21180:

Burczak, Theodore (June 2001). "Ellerman's Labor Theory of Property and the Injustice of Capitalist Exploitation".

19046: 16416: 15120: 9343: 8683: 6896:, the nation's first president of African descent. Some of President Obama's ancestors may have been slave owners. 6377: 6340: 6098: 5597: 5364: 5360: 4976:

brought large numbers of slaves into the Islamic world. To staff its bureaucracy, the Ottoman Empire established a

4788:

repeatedly prohibited it, or at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands, as for example at the

4468: 4054: 3491: 3063: 3051: 2895: 2817:

Corinthian black-figure terra-cotta votive tablet of slaves working in a mine, dated to the late seventh century BC

2765:

was common in the Southern United States where the state would lease prisoners for their free labour to companies.

1670: 875: 860: 806: 491: 481: 476: 305: 161: 16986: 14556:

Jan Company in Coromandel, 1605–1690: A Study on the Interrelations of European Commerce and Traditional Economies

11048: 6532:

went into effect on January 1, 1808, the importation of slaves into the United States was prohibited, but not the

6434: 6419: 6398: 6383: 6379: 6352: 6341: 5608:

still provided enslaved people from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula after World War II. As recently as the 1960s,

1381: 34601: 32605: 32598: 32330: 31942: 28821: 27901: 26216: 24923: 24424: 24176: 23979: 23559: 23121: 21102: 20517: 20210: 17159: 17110: 16620: 15611: 11979: 10042: 9997: 7359: 6950: 6735:

No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

6716: 6424: 6409: 6224: 6118: 5789: 5368: 4761: 4275: 4152:

paid inmates an average of $ 0.90 per hour in 2017. Inmates who refuse to work may be indefinitely remanded into

3031: 2502:

The labour market, as institutionalized under contemporary capitalist systems, has been criticized by mainstream

2231: 1665: 1431: 237: 17: 16021: 15952:"Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards:The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captivesin the Crimean Khanate" 11308: 9638: 6443: 6412: 6411: 6402: 6378: 6371: 6342: 2773:

Depending upon the era and the country, slaves sometimes had a limited set of legal rights. For example, in the

2708:

were women from low castes in pre modern Korea, who were owned by the state under government officials known as

2464:

is often used as a pejorative to describe any activity in which one is coerced into performing. Some argue that

33824: 33520: 32521: 30155: 29790: 28831: 28594: 27966: 27918: 27189: 27137: 26926: 26823: 26579: 26388: 26245: 24039: 23601: 22003: 21978: 19585: 18310:

1804: With passage of the law excerpted here, New Jersey became the last state in the North to abolish slavery.

17864:"Greenpeace Condemns Biden Administration's Top Tier Ranking of Taiwan in latest Trafficking in Persons Report" 17744: 14983: 13968: 13265: 13227: 13153: 11800: 11652: 11303: 8773:(1970). "Zur Etymologie des Wortes 'Slavus' (Sklave)" [On the etymology of the word 'Slavus' (slave)]. 6548:, a series of political and armed disputes in 1854–1858 as to whether Kansas would join the United States as a 6395: 6390: 6348: 6335: 6187: 5625: 3154:, an eye-witness, believed that for every slave who arrived at a market three or four died on the way ... 1130: 1118: 698: 510: 156: 24186: 19712: 19099:"Watch Gaddafi apologize on behalf of Arabs for their cruel treatment of Africans during the Arab slave trade" 18875: 15690: 11584: 11273: 6775:, the Anti-Slavery Society, and the Norwegian Anti-Slavery Society continue to campaign to eliminate slavery. 6413: 6396: 6393: 6364: 6358: 2969:, sometimes known as the east African slave trade, was multi-directional. Africans were sent as slaves to the 35394: 35183: 32065: 31049: 31012: 30912: 30843: 30829: 30573: 30507: 30083: 29855: 29850: 29334: 28682: 28574: 27986: 27539: 25602: 25318: 24019: 23449: 23276: 23181: 23065: 22932: 22767: 22344: 20968: 20943: 19151: 18739: 17771: 11680: 11134:

Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, The Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800

9850: 8336:

Allain, Jean (2012). "The Legal Definition of Slavery into the Twenty-First Century". In Allain, Jean (ed.).

6938: 6453: 6389: 6195: 5404:), for example, prescribed death for anyone who helped a slave escape or who sheltered a fugitive. The Bible 5372: 5047: 4774: 4106: 4016: 3429: 3120: 2302:

refers to a marriage where a girl, usually, is married off to a man to settle debts owed by her parents. The

2255: 1852: 1707: 1485: 346: 38: 17267: 6421: 6380: 6345: 5659:

has also provided an estimate of 28.4 million slaves at the end of 2006 divided into three categories:

3081:

The Zanj who were taken as slaves to the Middle East were often used in strenuous agricultural work. As the

2555:

Slavery is more common when the tasks are relatively simple and thus easy to supervise, such as large-scale

2116:

because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with

35624: 32309: 30942: 30078: 29912: 29877: 29828: 29552: 28763: 27936: 26992: 26863: 26458: 26320: 26310: 26303: 26107: 24881: 24829: 23790: 23760: 23609: 23564: 23230: 22921: 22828: 22725: 21510: 14681:. Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements Series (2 ed.). Lanham, Maryland: 11167:"When Europeans Were Slaves: Research Suggests White Slavery Was Much More Common Than Previously Believed" 10451: 9280:

Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press.

8275: 6888:

passed a resolution apologizing for American slavery and subsequent discriminatory laws. In June 2009, the

6661:, Wilberforce also campaigned for abolition of slavery in the British Empire, which he lived to see in the 6278: 5943: 3957: 3307: 2700:

Slaves have been owned privately by individuals but have also been under state ownership. For example, the

2633:

Even after slavery became a criminal offense, slave owners could get high returns. According to researcher

2227: 1712: 1551: 1421: 1082: 850: 830: 390: 358: 22501: 22277: 18578: 11074:

Kissling, H. J.; Spuler, Bertold; Barbour, N.; Trimingham, J. S.; Braun, H.; Hartel, H. (August 1, 1997).

6423: 5525:

between 1800 and 1909. In 1908, women slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. German orientalist,

4234:. Slavery was employed largely by governments as a means of maintaining a public labour force. Until the 2419: 2179:, where it was considered a keystone of society. Other places where it was extensively practiced include 77: 34511: 32798: 31510: 31333: 31288: 31216: 30863: 30477: 30032: 30022: 29889: 29097: 28748: 27961: 26689: 26599: 26335: 26151: 25725: 25513: 25365: 24784: 24375: 24321: 23661: 23633: 23534: 23380: 22736: 22041: 21784: 21018: 20912: 19995: 19677: 19431: 18509: 17972: 17493: 16785: 16651: 15888: 15523: 15374: 14116:

A China No Brasil: Influencias, Marcas, Ecos E Sobrevivencias Chinesas Na Sociedade E Na Arte Brasileiras

14043:

A China no Brasil: influências, marcas, ecos e sobrevivências chinesas na sociedade e na arte brasileiras

12669: 12589: 12180: 12162: 12091: 11450:

Lovejoy, Paul E. (1989). "The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature".

11251: 10677: 10486: 10395:(1969). "The Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo before 1914". In Gann, L. H.; Duignan, Peter (eds.). 10164: 8998: 8916:. Vol. 33. Prague: Academia, de l'Academie Tchecoslovaque des Sciences et Lettres. pp. 183–184. 7026: 6794: 6764: 6295: 5913: 5641: 5339:

Applebaum's introduction has been criticized by Gulag researcher Wilson Bell, stating that her book "is,

2376: 2239: 1885: 1772: 1722: 1441: 1359: 486: 267: 87: 17402: 14916: 11431:

Snell, Daniel C. (2011). "Slavery in the Ancient Near East". In Keith Bradley and Paul Cartledge (ed.).

7018:. The revolt failed, and all the rebels were executed, but their spirit lived on according to the film. 6815:

serve as middlemen or roving bands warring with other African nations to capture Africans for Europeans.

6428: 6418: 6375: 6343: 4956: 3918:

Census, Haiti's population consisted of nearly 40,000 whites, 30,000 free coloureds and 450,000 slaves.

3817: 2910:. In the 1470s black Africans were painted as court attendants in wall paintings that were displayed in 35458: 35375: 33593: 33021: 32842: 32507: 32486: 32114: 32001: 31569: 31363: 31267: 31227: 30902: 30502: 30487: 30270: 30012: 29351: 28872: 28677: 28559: 28035: 27492: 27184: 27092: 26566: 26092: 25622: 24397: 24074: 23805: 23145: 22926: 22371: 21875: 20890: 20794: 20769: 20490: 20323: 20308: 20285: 20252: 20084: 19707: 19641: 19534:(1995). "Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century". In Mathew, Kuzhippalli S. (ed.). 18239: 18161: 15989: 15932: 15857: 15781: 15352: 15225: 15149: 14890: 14796: 13870: 13619: 12533: 12471: 11452: 11436: 10457: 10400: 10343: 10202: 9966: 9765: 8961: 8603: 6832: 6768: 6694: 6686: 6662: 6130: 5947: 5490: 4969: 4931: 4781: 4198: 4121: 4066: 3778:

on the island in 1492. The practice was devastating to the native population. Following the indigenous

3518: 3005:

and brought them to the coast. There, the slaves gradually assimilated in rural areas, particularly on

1626: 1478: 1463: 1354: 550: 220: 20515:

Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (1997). "Slaves and Tyrants: Dutch Tribulations in Seventeenth-Century Mrauk-U".

18955: 16672:. Vol. 2 (Agriculture). Translated by Schick, Robert. Ramallah: Dar Al Nasher. pp. 176–177. 16616:"Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources" 15607:"Slave Trade in the Early Modern Crimea From the Perspective of Christian, Muslim, and Jewish Sources" 12375: 10280:"Louis Dor (Saturday 30 April 2016) Kim Jong-un is recruiting a new 'pleasure squad' of teenage girls" 6753: 6657:

was passed by the British Parliament on March 25, 1807, making the slave trade illegal throughout the

5459:). These slaves were trafficked to the Arab world from Africa via the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the 4256:'s son Wang Huo murdered a slave, Wang Mang severely criticized him and forced him to commit suicide”( 3805: 2341:

A Black family works a cotton plantation in Mississippi. The subtitle says "We done dis' all mornin'".

34046: 33399: 33217: 33026: 32783: 32392: 32302: 32260: 31474: 31114: 30967: 30962: 30148: 30037: 29977: 28841: 28836: 28657: 28331: 28242: 28121: 26911: 26853: 26408: 26252: 24975: 24789: 24686: 24566: 24228: 24196: 23861: 23795: 23704: 23442: 23105: 23073: 22838: 21755: 21630: 21105: 21046: 20229: 19226:

D.W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation: A History of the Most Controversial Motion Picture of All Time

17691: 15928: 15750: 14251: 13394: 13072: 13041: 12407: 12368:"African Heritage and Memories of Slavery in Brazil and the South Atlantic World By Ana Lucia Araujo" 11472: 10255: 9223: 9142:

Burkholder, Mark A.; Johnson, Lyman L. (2019). "1. America, Iberia, and Africa Before the Conquest".

8717: 8627: 7742: 7246: 7216: 7035: 6988: 6977: 6827:

of Benin issued a national apology for the central role Africans played in the Atlantic slave trade.

6557: 6537: 6368: 5771: 5589: 5279: 4940: 4673: 4638: 4456: 4149: 4102: 3598: 3542: 2938: 2618: 2210: 2191: 2176: 1727: 1621: 1152: 1140: 730: 703: 208: 22616: 20475: 19267: 19209: 17999: 17892: 17725: 16843: 16563: 16378: 16319: 10568: 10538: 7038:

about the teaching of Christianity to slaves in Cuba, and emphasizes the role of ritual and revolt.

6540:

only in 1863. Many American abolitionists took an active role in opposing slavery by supporting the

6521: 5876:

trying to get to Europe through Libya and selling them on slave markets or holding them hostage for

5695:

asserts that new forms of contemporary slavery have been created in the post-Cold War era of global

5677:

society is traditionally hierarchical, ranging from nobles, through vassals, to dark-skinned slaves.

4948:

in Scotland, miners were bonded to their "maisters" by a 1606 Act "Anent Coalyers and Salters". The

3787: 3711: 3460: 3447:

conquest of the indigenous peoples in the Americas included using the Natives as forced labour. The

35614: 33749: 33670: 33600: 33041: 32954: 32769: 32727: 32680: 32353: 31797: 31603: 31017: 30741: 30452: 30191: 29982: 29972: 29329: 29141: 28846: 28816: 28507: 28309: 28068: 28025: 27991: 27497: 27487: 27169: 26957: 26868: 26833: 26778: 26664: 26025: 25235: 25123: 24970: 24739: 24671: 24494: 24449: 24311: 24191: 24168: 24104: 24034: 23918: 23153: 22798: 22337: 22080: 21464:

Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk About Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Freedom

21443: 20763: 20026: 19867: 19814:

A Look at the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments: Slavery Abolished, Equal Protection Established

17668:. United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. February 17, 2014. p. 365. 16474: 16377:

Barenberg, Alan; Bell, Wilson T.; Kinnear, Sean; Maddox, Steven; Viola, Lynne (November 14, 2017).

16017: 12951: 12512: 11592: 11196: 10927: 10647: 9425: 9373: 8109: 7391: 6646: 5588:

to Arabia and Aden, while weak slaves being thrown in the sea; or across the Sahara desert via the

5581: 5468: 5050:, Portugal, in 1191, took 3,000 Christian slaves. From the 11th to the 19th century, North African 5023: 4986: 4935: 4793: 4651: 4560: 4309: 4129: 3047: 2966: 2616:

and the end of slavery, and Smith's criticism of masters, past and present. As Smith stated in the

2409: 2214: 1933: 1835:. Although slavery is usually involuntary and involves coercion, there are also cases where people 1502: 1371: 924: 713: 198: 99: 22593: 21485:

Slavery by Another Name: The re-enslavement of black americans from the civil war to World War Two

19558:

Ceylon and the Dutch: 1600-1800: External Influences and Internal Change in Early Modern Sri Lanka

18685: 17292:

Xu, Vicky Xiuzhong; Cave, Danielle; Leiboid, James; Munro, Kelsey; Ruser, Nathan (February 2020).

8896: 5343:, a well-done overview of the Gulag, but it did not offer an interpretative framework much beyond 3353:. Slave-owning people of what became Canada were, for example, the fishing societies, such as the 1831:. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which they would be 378: 35634: 35487: 35443: 35089: 33916: 33744: 33605: 32612: 32535: 32451: 32288: 32100: 31672: 31450: 31242: 30897: 30568: 30129: 30027: 29962: 28773: 28652: 28554: 28492: 28304: 27931: 27818: 27752: 27670: 26574: 26498: 26418: 26223: 26163: 26141: 25868: 25689: 25518: 25498: 25360: 25350: 25308: 24938: 24779: 24636: 24631: 24601: 24596: 24539: 24474: 24459: 24392: 24365: 24350: 23753: 23023: 22947: 22869: 22752: 22404: 22269:

Archives of the Middelburgsche Commercie Compagnie (MCC), 1720–1889 'Trade Company of Middelburg'

22246: 21900: 21720: 21706: 21092: 20993: 20819: 20744: 20716: 20572: 20170: 20036: 19974: 19683: 19658: 19296: 19230: 19013: 17940: 17739: 15819: 15401: 15370: 14682: 14651: 13830: 13785: 13361: 12882: 12319: 11684: 10530: 9313:

Cite error: The named reference "BBC" was defined multiple times with different content (see the

9147: 9003: 8343: 8101: 7408: 6913: 6847: 6782: 6556:, beginning in 1861, led to the end of slavery in the United States. In 1863, Lincoln issued the 6283: 6268: 5869: 5637: 5633: 5609: 5255: 5016: 4896:

respectively. The trade particularly picked up after the Viking invasions, with major markets at

4684:

had the largest slave population, with as many as 80,000 in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. As the

4642: 4388: 4217: 4161: 4157: 4008: 3346: 2658: 2251: 2172: 1692: 1426: 1376: 1304: 1077: 855: 799: 782: 213: 24576: 19429:

Berlin, Ira (2004). "American Slavery in History and Memory and the Search for Social Justice".

18093: 17666:

Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

14827: 7881: 4904:

supplied by Danish, Mercian, and Welsh raiding of one another's borderlands. At the time of the

4796:(which aimed mainly at the sale of English slaves to Ireland) and the Council of Armagh (1171). 3824:, carried out by Haitian soldiers, mostly former slaves, against the remaining French population 3525:, as the result of a civil case. This was the first instance of a judicial determination in the 3498:

and his associates, though English slave-trading would not take off until the mid-17th century.

3239:

caravan route, and eleven to twenty million (depending on the author) across the Atlantic Ocean.

35530: 35188: 34871: 34735: 33992: 33720: 33660: 33630: 33339: 33207: 33200: 33195: 32731: 32528: 32218: 31926: 31899: 31772: 31624: 31503: 31368: 31163: 30922: 30398: 30346: 30336: 30324: 29987: 29616: 29358: 28627: 28579: 28549: 28386: 28354: 28344: 28161: 28146: 28126: 28008: 27779: 27774: 27054: 26604: 26589: 26383: 26286: 26206: 26035: 25976: 25878: 25775: 25718: 25617: 25590: 25580: 25060: 25040: 24903: 24774: 24666: 24611: 24581: 24561: 24489: 24469: 24444: 24439: 24434: 24345: 24316: 24289: 24260: 24255: 24181: 23846: 23836: 23654: 23646: 23407: 23324: 22813: 22641: 22524: 22507: 22428: 22219: 22191: 21622: 18140: 17241: 16807: 15181: 15098: 12437: 12268: 8930:"Slave or Enslaved Person? It's not just an academic debate for historians of American slavery" 8521: 8368: 7711: 6927: 6802: 6591: 6253: 6145: 5797: 5494: 5344: 5269: 4973: 4945: 4665: 4591: 4062: 4050: 3887: 3795: 3705: 3639: 3570:(Spanish Black Code), that specified food and clothing provisions, put limits on the number of 3189: 2868: 2867:

Slavery was widespread in Africa, which pursued both internal and external slave trade. In the

2778: 1765: 1734: 1234: 975: 887: 735: 459: 425: 420: 31: 21778: 21504: 21098:

Children of Bondage: A Social History of the Slave Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652–1838

20484: 19812: 19125:"Brattle Consultants Quantify Reparations for Transatlantic Chattel Slavery in Pro Bono Paper" 18759: 18267: 18118: 17080:"'Modern-day slavery': State Dept. says millions of human trafficking victims go unidentified" 16744: 16039: 15882: 15775: 15261: 15143: 14567:

For exports of Malabar slaves to Ceylon, Batavia, see Generale Missiven VI; H.K. s'Jacob ed.,

14468: 14346: 14245: 13924: 13874: 13824: 13779: 13734: 13613: 13545: 13475: 13259: 13004: 12848: 12663: 12130: 12065: 11867: 11395: 11102: 11075: 10987: 10853: 10672: 10196: 9741: 9464:

Farazmand, Ali (1998). "Persian/Iranian Administrative Tradition". In Shafritz, Jay M. (ed.).

9011: 8955: 5995:

women and girls, and up to 50% are minors, reports the U.S. State Department in a 2008 study.

3671:, as they were made up of slaves from different African ethnicities. These tribes include the 35438: 35262: 35079: 34792: 34250: 34106: 33779: 33774: 33463: 33372: 33289: 33272: 33252: 33103: 32961: 32939: 32741: 32514: 32465: 32316: 32086: 31420: 31345: 31252: 31168: 31153: 31107: 31102: 30977: 30617: 30544: 30539: 30410: 30253: 30200: 30042: 30017: 30007: 29997: 29992: 29845: 28913: 28865: 28569: 28564: 28502: 28447: 28396: 28018: 27554: 27527: 27199: 27127: 26916: 26724: 26714: 26679: 26438: 26330: 26325: 26240: 26201: 26008: 26003: 25585: 25545: 25478: 25375: 25323: 25250: 25005: 24769: 24676: 24651: 24646: 24626: 24621: 24616: 24556: 24504: 24464: 24370: 24340: 24238: 23856: 23356: 23292: 22905: 22879: 22777: 22541: 22476: 22398: 22282: 22215: 20586: 20078: 19987: 19781: 19752: 19321: 19290: 18293: 18059: 17633: 17016: 15665:"Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier" 15517: 15346: 15303: 15267: 15219: 15045: 14884: 14790: 14645: 14283: 14120:

China in Brazil: Influences, Marks, Echoes and Chinese Survivals in Brazilian Society and Art

13962: 13820: 13775: 13355: 13221: 13147: 13096: 13066: 13035: 12728: 12583: 12527: 12401: 11699: 11646: 11619: 11519: 11492: 10772: 10158: 9787: 8448: 8280: 7968: 7650: 7513: 7497: 7086: 7001: 6983: 6971: 6549: 5901: 5860:

have each sourced products from these factories prior to the publication of the ASPI report.

5686: 5405: 5274: 5135: 4915: 4646: 4186: 4033: 3985: 3856: 3802:) was based on slavery, and the practice there was regarded as the most brutal in the world. 3213: 3169:

Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa, as they were in much of the

2449: 2435: 2330:

has also been used to refer to a legal state of dependency to somebody else. For example, in

2307: 2270: 2108: 1995:

According to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine

1596: 1451: 1364: 1349: 1031: 1019: 765: 750: 535: 310: 232: 203: 21710: 20030: 18819: 16873: 15813: 12636: 7703: 7398: 6781:

has been working to break the silence surrounding the memory of slavery since 1994, through

6672:

to follow suit, notably France and the British colonies. Between 1808 and 1860, the British

4880:

In Britain, slavery continued to be practiced following the fall of Rome, while sections of

3733:

was established in 1532, as members of one tribe would enslave captured members of another.

2925: 2465: 35350: 35277: 34710: 34658: 34452: 34230: 33906: 33871: 33710: 33294: 33277: 33158: 33133: 33031: 32882: 32852: 32837: 32431: 32190: 32079: 31751: 31378: 31158: 30957: 30707: 30103: 30098: 30002: 29872: 29823: 29217: 29183: 29168: 29004: 28951: 28637: 28413: 28366: 28186: 28181: 27956: 27951: 27926: 27866: 27710: 27647: 27517: 27432: 27270: 26843: 26803: 26684: 26393: 26259: 25903: 25840: 25810: 25795: 25780: 25456: 24990: 24864: 24691: 24571: 24529: 24479: 24454: 24270: 24233: 23969: 23831: 23554: 23544: 23206: 23097: 22990: 22792: 22257: 21036: 19949: 19916:"Out of the Land of Bondage": The English Revolution and the Atlantic Origins of Abolition" 19171: 19042: 18362: 17605: 17380: 16442: 15443: 14862: 13816: 13771: 12732: 12397: 11937: 11754:

Ames, Kenneth M. (June 2001). "Slaves, Chiefs and Labour on the Northern Northwest Coast".

9817: 8290: 8145: 7958: 6824: 6806: 6745: 6673: 6654: 6541: 6125: 5750: 5621: 5517:

the Empire from Europe and Africa. It has been estimated that some 200,000 slaves – mainly

5480: 5382: 4927: 4576: 4153: 4137: 4038: 3989: 3911: 3895: 3775: 3618: 3406: 3283: 3206: 3178: 3142: 2842: 2808: 2774: 2609: 2206: 2144: 1739: 1638: 1601: 1529: 1473: 1342: 1299: 1113: 1043: 718: 498: 400: 284: 191: 45: 35059: 18902: 18512:

on behalf of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History: 144–153.

18323: 16743:

Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan; Ewing, Winifred Crum; Samenlevingen, Stichting Plurale (1975).

11523: 10115: 5088:

with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. The slaves were captured in southern Russia,

3794:

the indigenous people, began engaging in earnest in the use of African slaves. During the

8: 35619: 35243: 35168: 34856: 34705: 34668: 34267: 34235: 34123: 33933: 33819: 33715: 33650: 33588: 33550: 33456: 33404: 33377: 33168: 33148: 33016: 33001: 32862: 32746: 32673: 32367: 32107: 31136: 31127: 31092: 30868: 30497: 30302: 29487: 29292: 29267: 29247: 29151: 28542: 28537: 28475: 28423: 28141: 28109: 28099: 27981: 27971: 27507: 27502: 27323: 27303: 27224: 27144: 27122: 27102: 26950: 26893: 26614: 26609: 26584: 26413: 26168: 26047: 25800: 25632: 25493: 25128: 25030: 25010: 24799: 24707: 24661: 24641: 24606: 24499: 24294: 24099: 23549: 23161: 22952: 22859: 22741: 22700: 22695: 22588: 22182: 21953: 21064: 20369: 20341: 20193: 20059: 19859: 19650: 18470: 16171:

Kleine Ostarbeiter: Child Forced Labor in Nazi Germany and German Occupied Eastern Europe

16006: 14869: 14532:(Princeton, N.J., 1984); G.D. Winius, "The 'Shadow Empire' of Goa in the Bay of Bengal," 13740: 12693: 11259: 10923:"Slow Death for Slavery: The Course of Abolition in Northern Nigeria, 1897–1936 (review)" 10746: 10137: 9944: 9793: 8305: 8261: 7925: 7892: 7802: 7606: 6863: 6642: 6616: 6493: 5999: 5743: 5605: 5585: 5553: 5513: 5484: 5472: 5464: 5166: 5068: 5055: 5027: 4930:, although slavery remained legal in possessions outside Europe until the passage of the 4823:

bull of 1455. Large-scale trading in slaves was mainly confined to the South and East of

4757: 4753: 4580: 4043: 4022: 3981: 3821: 3627: 3587: 3236: 3105: 3067: 2982: 2962: 2821:

Slavery predates written records and has existed in many cultures. Slavery is rare among

2547:) appear and disappear. One theoretical model is that slavery becomes more desirable for 2507: 2334:, the situations and lives of such slaves could be better than those of common citizens. 2218: 1222: 1202: 1087: 1072: 941: 912: 902: 792: 740: 708: 505: 363: 331: 326: 279: 136: 30285: 18710: 17835: 14616:"Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices" 10583: 6668:

After the 1807 act abolishing the slave trade was passed, these campaigners switched to

6516:

sparked a discussion about the right to enslave Native Americans. A prominent critic of

4624:

occurred on islands in the Pacific Ocean and Australia, especially in the 19th century.

3929:

in human history, precipitated the end of slavery in all French colonies, which came in

3173:. In many African societies where slavery was prevalent, the slaves were not treated as 3074:. It grew to involve over 500,000 slaves and free men who were imported from across the 2653: 35554: 35453: 34606: 34479: 34387: 34308: 33928: 33690: 33675: 33237: 33222: 33143: 33128: 32579: 32479: 32472: 32374: 32137: 31686: 31679: 31617: 31410: 31293: 31059: 31022: 30982: 30917: 30632: 29644: 29626: 29621: 29609: 29443: 29262: 29242: 29212: 28994: 28966: 28642: 28606: 28470: 28359: 28339: 28212: 28176: 28063: 28045: 27976: 27617: 27477: 27457: 27412: 27313: 27298: 26931: 26808: 26734: 26629: 26443: 26423: 26082: 26013: 25981: 25948: 25938: 25820: 25405: 25400: 25390: 25338: 25328: 25303: 25245: 25203: 25113: 25108: 25103: 25015: 24306: 23503: 22782: 22553: 22452: 21601: 21552: 21365: 21313: 21305: 21288:

Pole, J. R. (June 1977). "Review: Slavery and Revolution: The Conscience of the Rich".

21255: 21234: 21205: 21197: 21168: 20463: 20437: 20397: 20141: 19902: 19898: 19448: 19411: 19349: 19197: 18529: 18521: 18482: 18478: 18443: 18328: 17713: 17376: 17063: 16990: 16956: 16398: 16343: 16307: 16073: 15925:

The Mutual Effects of the Islamic and Judeo-Christian Worlds: The East European Pattern

15320: 14995: 14745: 14447: 14439: 14207: 12933: 12261: 12004: 11996: 11777: 11769: 11729: 11528: 11138: 10820: 10616: 10556: 10420: 10067: 10059: 10022: 10014: 9534: 9121: 9051: 8782: 8421: 6923: 6798: 6709: 6669: 6633:

and other leading members of London's black community. It was closely connected to the

6553: 6237: 6232: 6103: 5927: 5833: 5682: 5569: 5561: 5476: 5428: 4923: 4889: 4770: 4749: 4701: 4556: 4548: 4185:, 2,500 incarcerated workers fought wildfires for only $ 1 per hour through the CDCR's 4110: 4078: 3965: 3950: 3922: 3538: 3503: 3420: 3416: 3082: 2965:, slaves were transported from Africa across the Red Sea to the Arabian Peninsula. The 2802: 2568: 2473: 2468:

and other forms of coerced government labour constitute "state-operated slavery." Some

2415: 1468: 1314: 1289: 1279: 1244: 1239: 1207: 1172: 1165: 1106: 1099: 956: 775: 770: 760: 530: 383: 341: 336: 289: 257: 247: 184: 30265: 23029: 22434: 18387:

The Abolitions of Slavery: From L. F. Sonthonax to Victor Schoelcher, 1793, 1794, 1848

17911:"Swaziland: Students in Taiwan Forced to Work 'Like Slaves' in Frozen Chicken Factory" 16866:"Inaugural Global Slavery Index Reveals More Than 29 Million People Living In Slavery" 11885: 4373: 3529:

holding that a person who had committed no crime could be held in servitude for life.

3088: 2584:

and later in Rome – was not applied to ease physical labour or improve manufacturing.

405: 351: 35564: 35520: 35501: 34951: 34891: 34589: 34462: 34457: 34051: 33851: 33841: 33794: 33468: 33282: 33138: 33073: 32966: 32867: 32756: 32751: 32736: 32572: 32549: 32338: 32323: 32295: 32281: 31994: 31857: 31555: 31373: 31313: 31173: 31039: 30907: 30798: 30554: 30529: 29649: 29567: 29304: 29257: 29195: 29024: 28753: 28733: 28465: 28430: 28262: 28156: 28136: 28055: 27908: 27843: 27522: 27472: 27447: 27407: 27402: 27333: 27179: 26838: 26798: 26751: 26699: 26624: 26102: 26067: 26057: 26018: 25958: 25908: 25830: 25815: 25785: 25664: 25575: 25503: 25488: 25287: 25230: 25035: 24943: 24834: 24754: 24591: 23886: 23415: 23001: 22885: 22598: 22263:

Mémoire St Barth (archives & history of slavery, slave trade and their abolition)

22153: 22127: 22106: 22070: 22031: 22007: 21982: 21957: 21932: 21904: 21879: 21856: 21848: 21838: 21788: 21759: 21734: 21692: 21667: 21640: 21593: 21562: 21538: 21514: 21489: 21468: 21447: 21422: 21394: 21384: 21369: 21317: 21209: 21172: 21130: 21109: 21078: 21050: 21022: 20997: 20972: 20947: 20918: 20894: 20869: 20844: 20823: 20798: 20773: 20748: 20734: 20720: 20706: 20694: 20686: 20676: 20637: 20576: 20551: 20534: 20494: 20451: 20441: 20411: 20383: 20355: 20345: 20327: 20289: 20264: 20233: 20174: 20145: 20133: 20088: 20063: 20040: 19999: 19953: 19906: 19871: 19845: 19822: 19818: 19785: 19775: 19756: 19727: 19687: 19624: 19614: 19589: 19561: 19539: 19341: 19300: 19234: 19183: 19078: 18796: 18786: 18554: 18533: 18391: 18333: 18299: 18243: 18215: 17022: 17012: 16961: 16933:"Mali's Other Crisis: Slavery Still Plagues Mali, And Insurgency Could Make It Worse" 16911: 16754: 16673: 16530: 16454: 16450: 16402: 16169: 16045: 16011:"The Sultan's Raiders: The Military Role of the Crimean Tatars in the Ottoman Empire" 15892: 15861: 15823: 15785: 15754: 15711: 15643: 15552: 15527: 15405: 15325: 15271: 15229: 15191: 15153: 15051: 15021: 14952: 14927: 14894: 14800: 14749: 14737: 14686: 14655: 14451: 14388: 14356: 14325: 14293: 14255: 14230: 14160: 14150: 14123: 14078: 14046: 14010: 13972: 13934: 13878: 13863: 13834: 13789: 13744: 13713: 13623: 13589: 13555: 13485: 13443: 13439: 13365: 13269: 13231: 13201: 13157: 13108: 13076: 13045: 13014: 12937: 12925: 12858: 12714:

Based on "records for 27,233 voyages that set out to obtain slaves for the Americas".

12703: 12697: 12673: 12642: 12593: 12537: 12475: 12411: 12272: 12239: 12211: 12099: 12071: 12008: 11956: 11912: 11804: 11781: 11756: 11709: 11656: 11625: 11533: 11401: 11206: 11142: 11108: 11081: 10997: 10902: 10859: 10832: 10778: 10750: 10651: 10542: 10507: 10461: 10425: 10259: 10206: 10168: 10071: 10026: 9869: 9797: 9429: 9400: 9227: 9195: 9170: 9104: 9082: 9015: 8965: 8886: 8852: 8816: 8739: 8665: 8458: 8380: 8347: 8161: 8067: 7846: 7419: 7319: 7122: 7015: 6993: 6701: 6108: 5986: 5724: 5700: 5692: 5394: 5393:

In the earliest known records, slavery is treated as an established institution. The

5147: 5143: 4824: 4705: 4572: 4447: 4439: 4113:, with slavery legally ceasing as an institution following the war in December 1865. 3977: 3961: 3837: 3829: 3783: 3726: 3696: 3661:(literally meaning "brown negroes", that is "pale-skinned negroes"), and in Dutch as 3526: 3342: 3303: 3227:(from the ninth to the nineteenth).... Four million enslaved people exported via the 3163: 3155: 2970: 2954: 2862: 2850: 2834: 2625: 2612:, or what Comte called the "separation of the spiritual and the temporal" during the 2357: 2331: 2223: 2195: 2168: 1917: 1867: 1836: 1556: 1274: 1269: 1212: 1197: 1177: 999: 994: 929: 892: 725: 691: 520: 373: 262: 141: 30578: 21871:

Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment

18850: 18550:

Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial that Led to the End of Human Slavery

11559: 9967:"Constitution Society – Advocates and enforcers of the U.S. and State Constitutions" 5043: 3146: 2543:

Economists have modeled the circumstances under which slavery (and variants such as

2526:. Socialists draw parallels between the trade of labour as a commodity and slavery. 35609: 35472: 35252: 35126: 35026: 35006: 34901: 34881: 34846: 34140: 34058: 33899: 33876: 33814: 33620: 33615: 33578: 33329: 33262: 33227: 33173: 33056: 33006: 32934: 32872: 32493: 32458: 32204: 32183: 32072: 32031: 31721: 31146: 30815: 30768: 30736: 30662: 30600: 30583: 30549: 30482: 30447: 30442: 30420: 30415: 30351: 30329: 30233: 30208: 30171: 30093: 29967: 29867: 29697: 29505: 29395: 29346: 29319: 29072: 29067: 28920: 28723: 28512: 28480: 28440: 28435: 28232: 28222: 28040: 27871: 27828: 27801: 27796: 27655: 27622: 27612: 27462: 27390: 27194: 27132: 27112: 27097: 26828: 26744: 26709: 26196: 26173: 26156: 26146: 26124: 26087: 26077: 26062: 26052: 25971: 25966: 25943: 25933: 25627: 25612: 25540: 25461: 25431: 25262: 25098: 24804: 24360: 24355: 24201: 24094: 23214: 22969: 22660: 22495: 22292: 21830: 21585: 21528: 21357: 21336: 21297: 21276: 21226: 21189: 21160: 20865: 20668: 20526: 20256: 20125: 20110: 19927: 19894: 19771: 19742: 19440: 19403: 19333: 19175: 18513: 18474: 18435: 18211: 17936:"Exploitation cases of Sri Lankan students in Taiwan expose education sector flaws" 17841: 16750: 16629: 16446: 16390: 15963: 15620: 15315: 14987: 14729: 14431: 13193: 12917: 12854: 12790: 12563: 11988: 11761: 11255: 10993: 10742: 10732: 10534: 10051: 10006: 9859: 9747: 9113: 9007: 8655: 8114: 8059: 7938: 7933: 7572: 7342: 7275: 7224: 7174: 7132: 7008: 6961: 5873: 5805: 5732: 5565: 5545: 5246: 5181: 5051: 4997:, the goal of which was to loot and capture slaves for selling them to Ottomans as 4828: 4818: 4681: 4677: 4660: 4598:

were slaves. Enslaved people made up about two-thirds of the population in part of

4552: 4533: 4529: 4517: 4384: 4283: 4225: 4216:

recording the purchase of a 15-year-old slave for six bolts of plain silk and five

3996: 3771: 3451:

were the first Europeans to use African slaves in the New World on islands such as

3370: 3151: 3036: 2782: 2754: 2259: 2247: 2180: 1751: 1324: 1319: 1309: 1284: 1249: 1217: 1187: 1060: 1048: 1026: 1004: 951: 787: 755: 57: 31071: 21949:

Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labour: Case Studies and Debates

20962: 19748:

Women and Slavery: Africa, the Indian Ocean world, and the medieval north Atlantic

18740:"Pope Francis And Other Religious Leaders Sign Declaration Against Modern Slavery" 17920: 16394: 15548: 13910:

Reflections on Modern Japanese History in the Context of the Concept of "genocide"

13645:"The rarely, if ever, told story of Japanese sold as slaves by Portuguese traders" 12776: 11701:

Race and Ethnicity in America: From Pre-contact to the Present [4 volumes]

11170: 5650:

Modern incidence of slavery, as a percentage of the population, by country (2024).

5612:

was estimated at 300,000. Along with Yemen, the Saudis abolished slavery in 1962.

5533:, belonging to Ottoman Syria, in 1899, and that boys could be bought as slaves in 5054:

engaged in raids on European coastal towns to capture Christian slaves to sell at

3960:

was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and

3941: 3667:. The Maroons gradually developed several independent tribes through a process of 3621:

and native American slaves providing little of the workforce. The introduction of

35409: 35399: 35360: 35336: 35312: 35297: 35257: 35218: 35213: 35131: 35096: 34956: 34678: 34621: 34611: 34528: 34407: 34378: 34373: 34315: 33866: 33809: 33804: 33784: 33735: 33635: 33573: 33515: 33510: 33495: 33334: 33309: 33185: 33108: 33063: 32971: 32424: 32211: 32160: 31850: 31818: 31737: 31631: 31097: 31029: 30952: 30834: 30810: 30778: 30773: 30724: 30697: 30687: 30593: 30472: 30292: 30275: 30238: 30228: 29838: 29530: 29341: 29087: 29077: 28783: 28718: 28527: 28497: 28485: 28349: 28247: 28114: 27452: 27219: 27022: 26997: 26987: 26906: 26858: 26818: 26719: 26669: 26488: 26453: 26345: 26178: 26097: 26072: 26040: 26030: 25998: 25993: 25888: 25845: 25835: 25825: 25790: 25770: 25755: 25642: 25550: 25446: 25395: 25255: 25240: 25220: 25185: 24898: 24809: 24744: 24534: 24484: 24265: 24119: 23585: 23539: 23364: 23316: 23300: 23268: 23137: 22980: 22916: 22848: 22731: 22690: 22647: 22547: 22446: 22360: 22145: 22121: 22100: 21997: 21972: 21947: 21926: 21894: 21869: 21814: 21803: 21724: 21682: 21556: 21532: 21483: 21462: 21437: 21412: 21388: 21124: 21096: 21074: 21068: 21040: 21012: 20987: 20937: 20884: 20859: 20838: 20813: 20788: 20738: 20652: 20633: 20627: 20407: 20401: 20373: 20317: 20279: 20223: 20197: 20164: 19799: 19721: 19604: 19579: 19256:"Slavery and 'The Santa Fe Trail,' or, John Brown on Hollywood's Sour Apple Tree" 19224: 18880: 18681: 18548: 18385: 17837:

Death By Fishing: How Taiwan's Seafood Got Tainted With Blood | CNA Correspondent

17423: 17358: 16611: 16589: 15947: 15851: 15744: 15705: 15602: 15425: 14858: 14676: 14144: 14000: 13583: 13433: 13398: 13104: 13010: 12465: 11132: 10892: 10737: 10701: 9821: 8935: 8872: 8800: 8742:(1981). "Самое последнее слово цивилизации". In В. Г. Базанов и др., ИРЛИ (ed.). 8713: 8454: 8376: 8337: 8300: 8174: 8151: 8007: 7309: 7182: 7140: 6900: 6873: 6870: 6772: 6749: 6638: 6630: 6626: 6580: 6545: 6258: 6150: 6140: 6135: 5755: 5646: 5123: 5081: 5062: 5039: 5035: 4961: 4919: 4801: 4785: 4697: 4400: 4340: 4264: 4125: 4094: 3969: 3926: 3730: 3652: 3614: 3464: 3332: 3267: 3170: 2846: 2822: 2790: 2762: 2444: 2243: 2242:

in 1950–1951, legal chattel slavery still existed only in the Arabian Peninsula:

1966: 1929: 1925: 1660: 1546: 1541: 1294: 1264: 1259: 982: 946: 745: 663: 368: 114: 33665: 22313:; Office To Monitor And Combat Trafficking In Persons, U.S. Department of State. 22310: 22194:: a searchable database of 25,000 scholarly works on slavery and the slave trade 21348:

Woltjer, Geert (March 1996). "Book review: Property and Contract in Economics".

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In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process: The Colonial Period

18928: 17628: 17544: 17467: 16693: 16113: 14733: 13736:

Race, Ethnicity and Migration in Modern Japan: Imagined and imaginary minorities

12042: 11356: 11330: 10961: 10806: 10086: 10040:

Domar, Evsey D. (March 1970). "The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis".

9660: 9293: 8644:"What Does the Slave Trade in the Saqaliba Tell Us about Early Islamic Slavery?" 7897: 5655:

Labour Organization provided an estimate of 12.3 million forced labourers.

4918:

introduced a law preventing the sale of slaves overseas. According to historian

4615: 2714:

and were required to provide entertainment to the aristocracy. In the 2020s, in

35629: 35569: 35497: 35384: 35302: 35193: 35036: 34971: 34936: 34926: 34516: 34284: 33977: 33967: 33754: 33725: 33680: 33319: 33247: 33212: 33036: 32949: 32877: 32857: 32847: 32274: 32253: 32121: 32049: 31885: 31878: 31871: 31811: 31758: 31440: 31425: 30937: 30927: 30885: 30853: 30848: 30788: 30692: 30637: 30627: 30588: 30430: 30425: 30314: 30223: 29795: 29739: 29578: 29535: 29463: 29207: 29178: 29103: 29057: 28999: 28956: 28768: 28517: 28418: 28371: 28073: 27886: 27881: 27876: 27732: 27665: 27422: 27380: 27064: 27032: 26848: 26773: 26729: 26465: 26119: 25988: 25637: 25595: 25565: 25555: 25473: 25466: 25451: 25441: 25277: 25213: 25155: 25150: 25135: 24918: 24913: 24908: 24794: 24729: 24243: 24216: 24064: 23776: 22995: 22975: 22962: 22900: 22864: 22787: 22705: 22622: 22559: 22422: 22416: 22063:

The Hidden Gulag: The Lives and Voices of "those Who Are Sent to the Mountains"

21834: 21826: 21663: 20672: 20664: 20225:

Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnieitya and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1564

19941: 19885:

Dobson, Miriam (October 2012). "Stalin's Gulag: Death, Redemption and Memory".

19651:"Research Guides: American Women: Resources from the Law Library: Introduction" 19553: 19531: 19519: 19179: 18431: 18263: 17133: 16812: 16633: 16333: 15624: 15145:

The Cambridge Economic History of Europe: Trade and industry in the Middle Ages

15071: 15041: 14923: 14767: 14122:] (in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. p. 19. 10503: 10365: 9469: 9347: 8516: 8285: 8187: 8127: 8031: 7766: 7716: 7676: 7614: 7577: 7564: 7370: 7187: 7094: 7048: 6840: 6836: 6757: 6658: 6649:, to make the issue his own and was also given support by reformed Evangelical 6622: 6273: 6088: 6083: 6073: 5923: 5919: 5841: 5817: 5708: 5656: 5557: 5522: 5506: 5502: 5450: 5233: 5229: 5131: 5113: 4911: 4893: 4885: 4874: 4843: 4839: 4736: 4693: 4685: 4494: 4248: 4058: 3907: 3903: 3841: 3799: 3606: 3487: 3444: 3366: 3271: 3259: 3232: 3194: 3181:

elsewhere in the world. The forms of slavery in Africa were closely related to

3055: 2888: 2684: 2634: 2480: 2469: 2439: 2299: 2288: 2039: 1953: 1913: 1889: 1744: 1633: 525: 166: 124: 35106: 22178: 21301: 21280: 21217:

Devine, Pat (November 1, 1993). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

21193: 20375:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia

20129: 19970:

History of Black Americans: From Africa to the emergence of the cotton kingdom

17301: 14722:

Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung

14435: 13181: 11992: 11765: 10055: 10010: 9907: 9189: 9117: 8660: 8643: 6981:(1939) became controversial because they gave a favourable depiction. In 1940 6480:

abolished slavery in 17 CE but the ban was overturned after his assassination.

5604:

Chattel slavery lasted in most of the Middle East until the 20th-century. The

5315:

Historian Anne Applebaum writes in the introduction of her book that the word

5119: 5008: 3328: 3193:

A model showing a cross-section of a typical 1700s European slave ship on the

35603: 35550: 35516: 35418: 35370: 35016: 35001: 34946: 34740: 34695: 34683: 34577: 34572: 34506: 34486: 34257: 34130: 34101: 33799: 33769: 33700: 33685: 33536: 33349: 33344: 33314: 33190: 33153: 32991: 32986: 32981: 32929: 32817: 32765: 32197: 31917: 31906: 31707: 31141: 31066: 31002: 30932: 30793: 30783: 30763: 30751: 30719: 30514: 30435: 30368: 30297: 30258: 29636: 29433: 29222: 29092: 29082: 29040: 29014: 29009: 28946: 28906: 28743: 28662: 28647: 28632: 28403: 28381: 28287: 28171: 28104: 28078: 28013: 27856: 27813: 27808: 27660: 27544: 27442: 27164: 27017: 27002: 26878: 26813: 26694: 26281: 25928: 25893: 25805: 25765: 25649: 25272: 25208: 25193: 25055: 25020: 25000: 24871: 24814: 24749: 24141: 24044: 23677: 23006: 22985: 22957: 22895: 22854: 22843: 22803: 22762: 22757: 22720: 22666: 22470: 22440: 22141: 21860: 21818: 21597: 21164: 20698: 20656: 20566: 20538: 20455: 20160: 19345: 18439: 18337: 17398: 17343: 16965: 16665: 15967: 15329: 14741: 14006: 13964:

Selling Women: Prostitution, Markets, and the Household in Early Modern Japan

13197: 13177: 13112: 13068:

Code, Custom, and Legal Practice in China: The Qing and the Republic Compared

12929: 11868:"Sicut Dudem -Against the Enslavement of Black Natives of the Canary Islands" 11537: 11210: 10754: 10643: 10429: 10392: 9538: 8669: 8242: 8139: 8085: 8043: 7951: 7830: 7778: 7750: 7688: 7663: 7640: 7632: 7619: 7590: 7542: 7503: 7473: 7443: 7427: 7337: 7280: 7158: 7112: 6934: 6690: 6569: 6489: 6003: 5991: 5849: 5759: 5674: 5660: 5629: 5552:

A major center of slave trade to the Middle east was central Asia, where the

5526: 5417: 5409: 5386: 5190: 4990: 4906: 4789: 4461: 4279: 4231: 4165: 3980:, at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. By the time of the 3868: 3791: 3719: 3676: 3495: 3392: 3312: 3255: 3130: 3075: 2986: 2919: 2884: 2735: 2605: 2577: 2492: 2399: 2351: 2303: 2292: 2099: 1905: 1879: 1875: 1844: 1682: 1606: 1053: 1036: 811: 641: 631: 415: 65: 22316: 20530: 19628: 18800: 18359:"Soldiers and Sailors Database – The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service)" 14164: 12442: 10638:

Bindman, David; Gates (Jr.), Henry Louis; Dalton, Karen C. C., eds. (2010).

9707: 8756: 2587: 35511: 35467: 35327: 35292: 35248: 35233: 35084: 34896: 34886: 34552: 34355: 34335: 34225: 34205: 33911: 33836: 33831: 33789: 33655: 33532: 33367: 33113: 32976: 32892: 32812: 32718: 32399: 32360: 32024: 32008: 31790: 31744: 31526: 31398: 31393: 31232: 30890: 30880: 30612: 30218: 29669: 29596: 29375: 29365: 29284: 29034: 28941: 28891: 28778: 28758: 28738: 28728: 28703: 28457: 28292: 28272: 28257: 28227: 28217: 27996: 27851: 27833: 27769: 27747: 27705: 27695: 27597: 27587: 27559: 27290: 27280: 27107: 27047: 26788: 26783: 26674: 26551: 26519: 26448: 26293: 25483: 25370: 25198: 25165: 25145: 25075: 25065: 25045: 25025: 24656: 24549: 24544: 24275: 24250: 24109: 24049: 24014: 23984: 23719: 23689: 23484: 23476: 22818: 22772: 22746: 22685: 22565: 21769: 21408: 21390:

The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism

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Mahon, Leah (August 2023). "£18 Trillion What Britain owes in reparation".

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The Comparative Histories of Slavery in Brazil, Cuba, and the United States

8781:(1/2). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 145–153. 8576: 8485: 8339:

The Legal Understanding of Slavery: From the Historical to the Contemporary

7794: 7658: 7491: 7478: 7349: 7145: 7117: 7099: 6893: 6843:

of Ghana also apologized for his country's involvement in the slave trade.

6828: 6741: 6724: 6708:

in particular. In 1905, the French abolished indigenous slavery in most of

6552:. By 1860, the total number of slaves reached almost four million, and the 6263: 6068: 6015: 5845: 5731:, and Uzbekistan in the worst offenders category. Cuba, Iran, North Korea, 5664: 5225: 4832: 4810: 4732: 4716: 4621: 4599: 4521: 4443: 4332: 4321: 4313: 4268: 4213: 3810: 3782:'s near decimation from forced labour, disease and war, the Spanish, under 3668: 3610: 3362: 3224: 3134: 3010: 2974: 2950: 2876: 2758: 2743: 2592: 2556: 2511: 2485: 2405: 2383: 2372: 2368: 2315: 2282: 2187: 1921: 1848: 1687: 1519: 1495: 1401: 1394: 1125: 653: 626: 589: 567: 454: 171: 151: 129: 119: 109: 104: 94: 21576:

King, Richard H.; Genovese, Eugene (1977). "Marxism and the Slave South".

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Lutz, Mark A. (1995). "Book Reviews: Property and Contract in Economics".

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Peabody, Sue (1984). "Race, Slavery, and the Law in Early Modern France".

13967:. Vol. 21 of Asia: Local Studies / Global Themes. Matthew H. Sommer. 12921: 12879:"Slavery and forced labour in Ancient China and the Ancient Mediterranean" 11487: 8450:

Sociologists in Action on Inequalities: Race, Class, Gender, and Sexuality

6544:. Violent clashes between anti-slavery and pro-slavery Americans included 6026: 5306:

Thoughtful and rigorous historical comparisons of Soviet forced labor and

4881: 4520:

was widespread by the 6th century BC, and perhaps even as far back as the

3459:. It was argued by some contemporary writers to be intrinsically immoral. 934: 35525: 35506: 35433: 35404: 35332: 35322: 35272: 35149: 35021: 34991: 34941: 34866: 34820: 34800: 34754: 34700: 34532: 34523: 34417: 34279: 34220: 34215: 34152: 34086: 34068: 33987: 33982: 33940: 33764: 33640: 33475: 33267: 33046: 32944: 32827: 32793: 32761: 32176: 32144: 32017: 31978: 31971: 31864: 31843: 31804: 31765: 31693: 31541: 31415: 31257: 31081: 31044: 31034: 31007: 30622: 30534: 30243: 29833: 29664: 29654: 29604: 29586: 29497: 29458: 29252: 29163: 29146: 28391: 28314: 28282: 27742: 27690: 27308: 27265: 27240: 27209: 27204: 27159: 27084: 27074: 27059: 27012: 26654: 26373: 26340: 25918: 25898: 25385: 25345: 25313: 25180: 25140: 24980: 24893: 24844: 24819: 24719: 24402: 24131: 24114: 24069: 23989: 23734: 23198: 22942: 22890: 22710: 22653: 22458: 22410: 22271:, Inventory of the archives of the Dutch slave trade across the Atlantic 22232: 21325:

Smith, Stephen C. (December 1994). "Property and Contract in Economics".

21151:

Bartlett, Will (May 1994). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

19673: 19575: 19058: 17949: 17407: 14045:(in Portuguese). UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. p. 19. 13781:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

12699:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

11274:"History – British History in depth: British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 10141: 9579: 9344:"Debt bondage remains the most prevalent form of forced labour worldwide" 8217: 8212: 8194: 8169: 8012: 7997: 7868: 7729: 7529: 7465: 6919: 6889: 6650: 6587: 6497: 6457: 6208: 5781: 5518: 5442: 5321:"the system of Soviet slave labor itself, in all its forms and varieties" 4977: 4859: 4720: 4656: 4452: 4362: 4317: 4305: 4267:(In most cases, lords were free to kill their slaves) in terms of slaves 4258: 4235: 4029: 3880: 3354: 3324: 3291: 3071: 2958: 2942: 2880: 2838: 2715: 2613: 2572: 2548: 2523: 2337: 2156: 1856: 1832: 1524: 1512: 865: 668: 658: 616: 430: 21439:

Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America

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7, no. 2 (1983); D.G.E. Hall, "Studies in Dutch relations with Arakan,"

14443: 14420:"Hindus Beyond the Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade" 14211: 10774:

Oriental influences in Swahili: a study in language and culture contacts

10483:

An Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States of America

9761: 9125: 8786: 5707:

and the use of forced labor in the exploitation of natural resources in

4981: 3883:, rather than allow their children to live within the bonds of slavery. 3475: 35492: 35482: 35477: 35380: 35287: 35205: 35145: 35141: 35074: 34986: 34981: 34966: 34911: 34851: 34759: 34663: 34653: 34643: 34628: 34432: 34422: 34296: 34291: 34180: 34157: 34019: 33997: 33856: 33695: 33610: 33583: 33565: 33505: 33480: 33414: 33394: 33299: 33257: 33242: 33232: 33118: 33068: 33011: 31964: 31892: 31728: 31714: 31700: 31665: 31562: 31383: 31054: 30994: 30712: 30319: 30307: 29679: 29019: 28601: 28408: 28321: 28299: 28267: 28166: 28151: 28131: 27896: 27861: 27823: 27737: 27700: 27637: 27632: 27627: 27592: 27549: 27534: 27512: 27437: 27275: 27255: 27174: 27042: 27037: 27007: 26973: 26659: 26269: 25923: 25913: 25850: 25659: 25654: 25535: 25530: 25426: 25410: 25267: 25160: 25118: 25080: 24888: 24876: 24849: 24839: 24759: 24158: 24153: 24124: 24059: 23908: 23709: 23699: 23423: 23372: 23308: 23035: 22910: 22823: 22807: 22715: 22464: 21751:

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

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Mintz, Steven (1998). "Spielberg's Amistad and the History Classroom".

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Encyclopedia of the African Diaspora: Origins, Experiences, and Culture

13551: 13481: 12403:

The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America

12204:

1812 Aponte Rebellion in Cuba and the Struggle against Atlantic Slavery

12000: 11052: 10063: 10018: 9729: 9048:"'The Bitter Chain of Slavery': Reflections on Slavery in Ancient Rome" 8812: 8072: 7554: 7524: 7455: 7423: 7324: 7252: 6851: 6723:, which declared freedom from slavery is an internationally recognized 6216: 5889: 5837: 5809: 5704: 5696: 5424: 5195: 5031: 4805: 4766: 4392: 4354: 4182: 3899: 3891: 3872: 3833: 3622: 3571: 3522: 3456: 3402: 3287: 3251: 3018: 2998: 2978: 2750: 2739: 2600: 2519: 2515: 2266: 2190:

movements saw slavery as a violation of the slaves' rights as people ("

2139: 2032: 1957: 1900: 1677: 969: 673: 540: 22304: 22226: 20322:. The New Cambridge History of India, Part I. Vol. 5. Cambridge: 19415: 17777:

International Coalition to Stop Crimes Against Humanity in North Korea

17403:"West African migrants are kidnapped and sold in Libyan slave markets" 17215:"Over 400,000 people living in 'modern slavery' in U.S., report finds" 16950:

Coursen-Neff, Zama; Tribune, International Herald (January 30, 2003).

16357: 16087: 15472: 14999: 12665:

Slaves Waiting for Sale: Abolitionist Art and the American Slave Trade

11773: 8447:

White, Shelley K.; White, Jonathan M.; Korgen, Kathleen Odell (2014).

4208: 4072: 3992:, which separated free Pennsylvania from slave Maryland and Delaware. 3506:, was sentenced to lifetime slavery, forcing him to serve his master, 1807:

is the placement of a person into slavery, and the person is called a

35540: 35463: 35414: 35267: 35228: 35136: 35031: 35011: 34976: 34931: 34906: 34876: 34841: 34810: 34715: 34648: 34557: 34537: 34501: 34491: 34447: 34340: 34245: 34185: 34171: 34166: 34118: 34113: 34091: 34081: 34029: 34024: 33962: 33886: 33861: 33846: 33645: 33180: 33163: 32996: 32696: 31825: 30652: 29725: 29720: 29687: 29659: 29547: 29542: 29478: 29453: 29400: 29314: 29029: 28961: 28788: 28708: 28522: 28207: 27566: 27467: 27427: 27397: 27318: 27154: 27117: 26639: 26433: 26368: 25873: 25560: 25508: 25225: 24824: 23934: 22187: 21688: 20908: 17915: 16746:

Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey

15707:

A Long and Uncertain Journey: The 27,000 Mile Voyage of Vasco Da Gama

14352: 14289: 13930: 13709: 13581: 13189: 11397:

Case Studies on Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey

11232: 10898: 10828: 9190:

Slavery and Social Death : A Comparative Study, Orlando (1982).

6878: 6685:

In 1839, the world's oldest international human rights organization,

6637:, a non-denominational group founded in 1787, whose members included 6501: 6477: 5960: 5881: 5413: 5109: 5101: 5097: 4867: 4709: 4689: 4586: 4555:

were slaves. Slavery was legally abolished in the possessions of the

4498: 4473: 4366: 4298: 4293: 4287: 4253: 4243: 4177: 4173: 3860: 3850: 3755: 3507: 3440: 3381: 3235:

ports of the Indian Ocean, perhaps as many as nine million along the

2903: 2560: 2503: 1909: 1893: 1796: 917: 582: 444: 23694: 22262: 22197: 21893:

Weinstein, Allen; Gatell, Frank Otto; Sarasohn, David, eds. (1979).

21589: 21414:

Slavery's Capitalism: A New History of American Economic Development

21246:

Lawson, Colin (1993). "Review: Property and Contract in Economics".

21230: 20486:

A Social History of Black Slaves and Freedmen in Portugal, 1441–1555

19444: 19337: 18575:"Royal Navy and the Slave Trade : Battles: History: Royal Navy" 18517: 14972:

Harper, James (April 1972). "Slaves and Freedmen in Imperial Rome".

14419: 9169:. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 57, 132, 165, 166. 9141: 6496:

from 269 to 232 BCE, abolished the slave trade but not slavery. The

5512:

Eastern European slaves were provided to the Ottoman Empire via the

4989:, 12,000 Christian galley slaves were recaptured and freed from the 4101:

on a platform of halting the expansion of slavery, according to the

2727: 2382:

Human trafficking primarily involves women and children forced into

599: 35545: 35448: 35389: 35355: 35346: 35317: 35307: 35282: 35238: 35178: 35101: 35069: 35064: 35051: 35041: 34996: 34961: 34921: 34833: 34805: 34730: 34720: 34616: 34469: 34397: 34392: 34365: 34345: 34330: 34274: 34210: 34076: 34034: 33923: 33739: 33730: 33490: 33409: 33389: 33384: 33304: 33123: 33098: 33093: 32832: 32807: 32788: 31580: 31548: 30803: 30756: 30702: 30519: 30403: 30373: 30356: 30140: 29734: 29706: 29692: 29559: 29525: 29483: 29468: 29428: 29173: 28622: 27685: 27675: 27607: 27602: 27571: 27417: 27372: 27250: 27245: 27149: 27027: 26901: 26739: 26403: 25525: 25355: 25282: 24933: 24859: 24764: 24724: 24089: 24084: 24079: 24004: 23999: 23944: 23714: 23190: 22874: 22832: 22329: 21636:

American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia

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Property and Contract in Economics: The Case for Economic Democracy

19841: 19610: 19407: 18992: 18932: 18906: 18744: 17548: 17497: 17471: 17427: 17137: 17083: 16615: 16302:. New Haven, CT: Yale University/The Hoover Institution. p. 5. 15951: 15606: 15187: 14991: 14831: 12293: 12231: 11705: 11596: 11360: 11334: 10316: 9583: 9298: 8878:

Deutsch für Dichter und Denker: Unsere Muttersprache in neuem Licht

8295: 6955: 6858: 6705: 5968:

disagreed and said they deliberately came to Taiwan "to sell sex".

5952: 5821: 5793: 5534: 5455: 5438: 5093: 4847: 4836: 4239: 4145: 3876: 3864: 3672: 3546: 3336: 3002: 2731: 2721: 2423: 1800: 1507: 1065: 1009: 961: 621: 466: 321: 227: 30248: 22069:. Washington, DC: U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. 21852: 20928: 20690: 17772:"ICNK welcomes UN inquiry on North Korea report, calls for action" 15664: 14615: 12575: 9102:

Alexander, J. (2001). "Islam, Archaeology and Slavery in Africa".

8512:"Freedom Fighter: A slaving society and an abolitionist's crusade" 6997:

gave a favorable outlook on slavery in the United States in 1946.

6854:

made a formal apology for Great Britain's involvement in slavery.

6756:), Datuk K Sri Dhammaratana, Chief High Priest of Malaysia, Rabbi 5699:, including migrant workers deprived of basic civil rights on the 5670: 4286:: 贱民)", The word literally means "inferior person". As stated in 3779: 3270:. It is estimated that about 15 percent of slaves died during the 1896:, in 1863. The scars are the result of a whipping by his overseer. 35574: 35559: 35535: 35223: 35163: 35153: 35121: 35116: 34916: 34815: 34584: 34562: 34542: 34474: 34437: 34427: 34320: 34303: 34240: 34195: 34176: 34161: 34147: 34096: 34007: 33950: 33759: 33555: 33485: 33451: 33446: 33432: 33418: 33359: 33051: 32822: 32778: 31610: 31589: 31435: 29715: 29711: 29473: 29423: 29415: 29405: 29309: 29297: 29156: 29052: 29046: 28202: 27941: 27891: 27680: 27385: 27069: 26704: 26649: 26634: 26363: 24009: 23913: 23893: 23866: 23841: 23745: 23724: 23260: 22265:, Comité de Liaison et d'Application des Sources Historiques 2010 20249:

The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720

19638:

Death and Redemption: The Gulag and the Shaping of Soviet Society

18785:(2 ed.). Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Group. 18176:"Religions and the abolition of slavery – a comparative approach" 17134:"Kuwait moves on Instagram slave traders after BBC investigation" 15923:. In Ascher, Abraham; Halasi-Kun, Tibor; Kiràly, Béla K. (eds.). 14626:. Yale University Southeast Asia Studies Monograph Series: 16–33. 14530:

Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580–1760

13585:

Korean History: Discovery of Its Characteristics and Developments

11886:"Sublimus Dei – On the Enslavement and Evangelization of Indians" 8728:] (in German) (6 ed.). Strassburg: Trübner. p. 366. 8596:"Religion & Ethics – Modern slavery: Modern forms of slavery" 7818: 6595: 5931: 5885: 5853: 5829: 5777: 5689:

work in slavery-like conditions to pay off their family's debts.

5446: 5170:

Prisoners forced to work on the Buchenwald–Weimar rail line, 1943

4980:

which seized hundreds of thousands of Christian boys through the

4901: 4897: 4851: 4797: 4422: 4418: 4414: 4377: 4325: 4141: 3263: 3228: 3182: 3101: 3093: 3058:, a series of uprisings that took place between 869 and 883 near 2918:. In the 1490s black Africans were included on the emblem of the 2915: 2899: 2703: 2687:, either to explicitly mark slaves as property or as punishment. 2544: 2364: 2098:

There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "

1920:

is a modern variety of slavery; in non-industrialised countries,

1840: 1490: 572: 252: 31495: 23676: 23146:

Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States

22288: 17268:"Modern slavery in developed countries more common than thought" 13332: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13324: 13322: 13320: 13318: 13316: 12968: 12966: 12964: 9685:"UNICEF supports fight to end marriage by abduction in Ethiopia" 9554:"In Togo, a 10-Year-Old's Muted Cry: 'I Couldn't Take Any More'" 6504:

in China in 17 CE but was reinstituted after his assassination.

5776:

In March 2020, the Chinese government was found to be using the

5540: 5501:

Between 1517 and 1917, most of the Middle East consisted of the

5216: 3790:, and with the blessing of the Catholic church, who also wished 3126: 2019:), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into 35428: 35423: 35341: 35173: 35158: 34745: 34673: 34547: 34496: 34412: 34402: 34262: 34190: 34002: 33972: 33957: 33705: 33545: 33527: 33436: 33427: 32887: 32722: 31649: 30729: 30647: 30605: 30280: 29702: 29515: 29448: 29388: 29383: 29190: 28857: 28376: 27724: 27368: 25741: 24985: 23994: 23898: 23876: 23871: 23821: 23222: 18652: 17187:"UN gives Qatar a year to end forced labour of migrant workers" 16437:

Shaw, Garry J. (October 26, 2012). "Slavery, Pharaonic Egypt".

15574:"Famous Battles in History The Turks and Christians at Lepanto" 15044:(2003). "Reflections on Slavery". In Curran, Charles E. (ed.). 15018:

The Slave Trade: History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870

13706:

Early Encounters between East Asia and Europe: Telling Failures

13512: 13510: 13508: 13006:

Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition [Two Volumes]

11073: 8883:

German for poets and thinkers: Our mother tongue in a new light

8316:

Wilberforce Institute for the Study of Slavery and Emancipation

8265: 8230: 7990: 7910: 7386: 7240: 7014:, dealt with an actual revolt in the Roman Empire known as the 6778: 6485: 5965: 5956: 5877: 5857: 5825: 5801: 5728: 5530: 5155: 5139: 5105: 5074: 4863: 4855: 4728: 4536:

remained the largest sources of forced labour until the 1660s.

4506: 4477: 4430: 4404: 4396: 3946: 3748: 3701: 3680: 3594: 3550: 3479: 3471: 3316: 3006: 2946: 2911: 2907: 2830: 2564: 2527: 2311: 1960: 1824: 1192: 1014: 594: 577: 439: 274: 242: 32246:

Association for the Protection and Assistance of the Convicted

23082:

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave

20939:

Slavery in Africa: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives

19365: 19363: 16564:"Horrible Traffic in Circassian Women – Infanticide in Turkey" 16221:, p. xv, Introduction: "Gulag is the word an acronym for 15428:(Summer 2014), "French chivalry in twelfth-century Britain?", 13865:

The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective

12585:

Slavery and Plantation Growth in Antebellum Florida, 1821–1860

10453:

Athenian Legacies: Essays on the Politics of Going On Together

5377: 4877:, which dampened the use of African slaves in the Arab world. 4501:

was so disgusted that his own Japanese people were being sold

2595:

was in ransoming Christian slaves held in North Africa (1637).

2151: 35365: 35111: 34725: 34638: 34633: 34135: 34041: 34012: 33945: 33894: 33540: 32563: 31596: 31122: 30746: 29510: 29438: 28989: 28237: 26942: 26378: 24995: 23826: 18026:"Modern day slavery in Southeast Asia: Thailand and Cambodia" 17111:"She escaped domestic slavery, now she helps other survivors" 15640:

Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500–1700

15348:

A Concise Economic History of Britain from the Earliest Times

14589:

De Opkomst der Westerkwartieren van de Oostindische Compagnie

13313: 12961: 12294:"Extract of the Dutch Map Representing the Colony of Surinam" 10609:"Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History" 9466:

International Encyclopedia of Public Edict and Administration

7293: 7266: 7262: 7200: 7040: 5568:. In the early 1840s, the population of the Uzbek states of 5285:

Golfo Alexopoulos suggests comparing labor in the Gulag with

5211: 5012: 4998: 4595: 4482: 4426: 4350: 4133: 3684: 3554: 3549:, prohibited slavery of the indigenous people, including the 3470:

and Spanish historian, participated in campaigns in Cuba (at

3467: 3078:

and claimed over "tens of thousands of lives in lower Iraq".

3059: 2994: 2930: 2872: 2085: 2079: 2067: 2061: 2014: 2002: 1987: 1975: 449: 435: 410: 32665: 20403:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life: The medieval world

16888: 13505: 13413: 12090: 11797:"Aboriginal Slavery on the Northwest Coast of North America" 11698:

Lawson, Russell M.; Lawson, Benjamin A. (October 11, 2019).

11197:"New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe" 9970: 9505:"Rights–Mexico: 16,000 Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation" 6881:, which was a large slave trading port, apologized in 1999. 6472: 5998:

While the majority of trafficking victims are women who are

5412:, but studying it is complicated by terminology used by the 5042:

took 3,000 female and child captives, while his governor of

4413:. The nobi were socially indistinct from freemen (i.e., the 3754:

Slave labour was the driving force behind the growth of the

2837:

coast, slavery became widespread only with the invention of

2669: 2128: 34749: 34596: 34442: 34383: 34350: 34325: 34200: 33625: 33500: 33441: 32921: 32803: 32774: 29520: 29062: 28277: 27720: 25607: 25436: 22289:

The Trans-Atlantic and Intra-American slave trade databases

22236: 20436:. Third Series. Vol. 25 of 3: Works, Hakluyt Society. 19536:

Mariners, Merchants and Oceans: Studies on Maritime History

19375: 19360: 18295:

Words that Make New Jersey History: A Primary Source Reader

18228: 16742: 14198:

Nelson, Thomas (Winter 2004). "Slavery in Medieval Japan".

13860: 13223:

Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China

12907: 11049:"Islam, From Arab To Islamic Empire: The Early Abbasid Era" 8775:

Glotta, Zeitschrift fur Griechische und Lateinische Sprache

5577: 5460: 5433: 4870: 4724: 4434: 4358: 3914:

petitioned the colonial government to expand their rights.

3601:, who led the largest slave rebellion in Barbadian history. 3452: 2990: 2163:

As a social institution, chattel slavery classes slaves as

2120:

implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow.

316: 146: 44:"Slave labour" redirects here. For the Banksy artwork, see 20964:

Biography of a Runaway Slave: Fiftieth Anniversary Edition

20740:

The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823

20166:

Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry

19324:(1984). "Slavery & Race in American Popular Culture". 18781:

Boahen, A. Adu.; Ajayi, J. F. Ade.; Tidy, Michael (1986).

18324:"Opinion | Forgotten Step Toward Freedom (Published 2007)" 16379:"New directions in Gulag studies: a roundtable discussion" 16376: 15473:"Erskine May on Slavery in Britain (Vol. III, Chapter XI)" 12622:

American Negro Slavery and Abolition: A Sociological Study

12488: 10735:(April 1970). "Zamani: a survey of East African history". 9789:

Blaming the Brain: The Truth About Drugs and Mental Health

9194:. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. pp. X. 8694: 4696:). This oppression by an elite minority eventually led to 4407:

period of Korea, members of the slave class were known as

4015:

their wills. Slaves were punished by whipping, shackling,

3434:

Slaves embarked to America from 1450 until 1800 by country

2813: 34690: 34567: 27260: 25710: 21805:

The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Antebellum South

19017: 18714: 18604: 18148: 17574: 17523: 17271: 17018:

The Courage of Hopelessness: A Year of Acting Dangerously

16217:

For sources about forced slave labor in GULAG camps, see

15519:

Slavery from Roman times to the Early Transatlantic Trade

13675:"Europeans had Japanese slaves, in case you didn't know…" 13149:

The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tʻang Exotics

12952:"Outline of the Senmin system during the Ritsuryo period" 12823:"What Does California Owe Its Incarcerated Firefighters?" 11840: 11277: 11010: 10802: 9326: 9324: 8599: 6564:

prohibited most forms of slavery throughout the country.

6560:, which freed slaves held in the Confederate States; the 5813: 5592:

to the Nile, while dying from exposure and swollen feet.

5186:

Nazi Germany effectively enslaved about 12 million people

4301:, she was publicly executed for murdering her own slave. 4189:, which saves the state as much as $ 100 million a year. 4156:

or have family visitation revoked. From 2010 to 2015 and

3521:

of Virginia, was granted ownership of another black man,

1828: 23058:

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

19723:

The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia

19166:

Martin, Michael T.; Wall, David C. (February 19, 2013).

18876:"Benin Officials Apologize for Role in U.S. Slave Trade" 16729: 16727: 16725: 16174:. 127th Annual Meeting American Historical Association. 13547:

Women and Confucianism in Choson Korea: New Perspectives

13522: 13477:

Women and Confucianism in Choson Korea: New Perspectives

13301: 13289: 12993:船田善之《色目人与元代制度、社会 – 重新探讨蒙古、色目、汉人、南人划分的位置》,〈蒙古学信息〉2003年第2期 11375: 10637: 10295:"Kim Jong-un brings back 'pleasure troupe' entertainers" 5990:

isolation, threat, physical force, debt bondage or even

4735:

suggest that the majority were scattered throughout the

4292:: “Slaves and inferior people are legally equivalent to 3875:

around 3 percent, and there is evidence that some women

3296:

Institute for Trafficked, Exploited, and Missing Persons

30:"Slave" and "Slaves" redirect here. For other uses, see 22024:

Contemporary Slavery in the UK: Overview and Key Issues

21892: 19467:"Films about Slavery and the transAtlantic Slave Trade" 19319: 18733: 18731: 16828: 16715: 16713: 16711: 16271:

For sources about life in the Gulag camps, please see:

12847:

Pargas, Damian Alan; Roşu, Felicia (December 7, 2017).

10252:

Sex Trafficking – Inside the Business of Modern Slavery

8957:

The Politics of Property: Labour, Freedom and Belonging

5381:

19th-century engraving depicting an Arab slave-trading

5220:

Workers being forced to haul rocks up a hill in a Gulag

5126:

raiders enslaved more than 1 million Eastern Europeans.

4960:

A British captain witnessing the miseries of slaves in

3798:

beginning in 1625, the economy of Haiti (then known as

27947:

List of countries by rate of fatal workplace accidents

20989:

Slavery and the British Empire: From Africa to America

17992: 17373:"African migrants sold as 'slaves' for $ 200 in Libya" 16808:"A Mauritanian Abolitionist's Crusade Against Slavery" 16782:"Religion & Ethics – Islam and slavery: Abolition" 16253: 15211: 12312: 12238:. Hansib Publishing (Caribbean) Ltd. pp. 46, 48. 10872: 10527:

Demography, Geography, and the Sources of Roman Slaves

9321: 7007:

Most Hollywood films used American settings, although

6635:

Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade

6598:, which was founded in 1822 for freed American slaves. 5001:. Seventy-five Crimean Tatar raids were recorded into 3545:

to the area. In the mid-16th century, the Spanish New

2159:

with her enslaved servant girl in the mid-19th century

20013:

Gregory, Paul R.; Lazarev, Valery (October 1, 2003).

16722: 15983:"The Crimean Tatars and their Russian-Captive Slaves" 14708:

were an important part of pre-colonial Maori society.

13037:

Man and Land in Chinese History: An Economic Analysis

11159: 11107:. New Delhi: VIJ Books (India) Pty Ltd. p. 453. 9708:"An Idea Not Worth Drafting: Conscription is Slavery" 9370:"Nigeria's young daughters are sold as 'money wives'" 8875:(2020). "Sklave und Slawe" [Slave and Slav]. 8545:"Mauritania: Country Made Slavery Illegal Last Month" 5260: 3177:

and were given certain rights in a system similar to

2073: 2055: 2026: 2020: 2008: 1996: 1981: 1969: 1916:

of a country's economy. In industrialised countries,

1870:(chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term 20281:

European Commercial Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India

19581:

Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy

18728: 17059:"27 Million People Said to Live in 'Modern Slavery'" 16708: 16544: 15400:. Vol. II (871–1216) (First ed.). Oxford: 14149:. Vol. 2. Macmillan Reference US. p. 737. 13101:

Memoirs of the Research Department of the Tōyō Bunko

10584:"Slavery and the Slave Trade in Pre-colonial Africa" 10226: 9925: 9448: 8311:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

8264:, the names and details of slaves freed in Medieval 6301:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

4723:'s population, mostly war captives, especially from 2985:, and later to the Americas. These traders captured 2695: 2042: 1447:

Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery

21924: 21461:Berlin, Ira; Favreau, Marc; Miller, Steven (2011). 21460: 16949: 13261:

Opium regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952

12509:

Women and Slavery in the French Antilles, 1635–1848

11645:Mancke, Elizabeth; Shammas, Carole (May 31, 2005). 9937: 9394: 7022:stays surprisingly close to the historical record. 5176:

Forced labour under German rule during World War II

4743: 2038:An alternative contemporary hypothesis states that 37:"Slave master" redirects here. For other uses, see 26912:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 23626:Amazing Grace: An Anthology of Poems about Slavery 20432:de Sande, Duarte (2012). Massarella, Derek (ed.). 19495:"Life in the Gulag: A Property Rights Perspective" 17291: 14915: 14573:Cultures of Madagascar: Ebb and Flow of Influences 13862: 12260: 11788: 11231:Wright, John (2007). "Trans-Saharan Slave Trade". 9734:"Nationalized Slavery; A policy Italy should dump" 9487:"Experts encourage action against sex trafficking" 8928: 8811:(in German) (22 ed.). Berlin & New York: 6079:Suppression of the slave trade in the Persian Gulf 5408:as an established institution. Slavery existed in 4128:, which affected primarily African Americans. The 2393: 26429:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 25571:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 20302: 19039:"Obama praises 'historic' Senate slavery apology" 18361:. Itd.nps.gov. September 19, 2015. Archived from 16987:"Child Slaves Abandoned to India's Silk Industry" 16952:"For 15 million in India, a childhood of slavery" 16475:"Ancient Egypt: Slavery, its causes and practice" 15743:Marques, António Henrique R. de Oliveira (1972). 15253: 14501: 14461: 13258:Brook, Timothy; Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashi (2000). 12360: 11691: 10777:. Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis. p. 17. 10143:The Impending Crisis of the South: How to Meet It 9598:"Honor Diaries: Child/Forced Marriage: Factsheet" 9276: 9274: 9272: 8428: 6930:on these possible claims has long since expired. 5015:and African slaves in Córdoba, illustration from 4800:, on the contrary, was widely accepted. In 1452, 4335:, there was a hereditarily servile people called 4230:Slavery existed in ancient China as early as the 3359:indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast 3141:Under Omani Arabs, Zanzibar became East Africa's 2891:, about a third of the population were enslaved. 1924:is a common form of enslavement, such as captive 1851:, and was legal in most societies, but it is now 35601: 32586:United Kingdom and British overseas territories 21534:Terms of Labor: Slavery, Serfdom, and Free Labor 20882: 20303:Raychaudhuri, Tapan; Habib, Irfan, eds. (1982). 19990:. In McKivigan, John R.; Snay, Mitchell (eds.). 19492: 18956:"Livingstone weeps as he apologises for slavery" 16280: 15221:The Old English Penitentials and Anglo-Saxon Law 15142:Postan, Michael Moïssey; Miller, Edward (1987). 13257: 10852:Tannenbaum, Edward R.; Dudley, Guilford (1973). 10851: 9889:The Dreaded Comparison: Human and Animal Slavery 8851:] (in German). Tübingen: Mohr. p. 371. 8446: 5066: 4028:More than one million slaves were sold from the 3738: 3246:These expeditions were typically carried out by 2530:is also known to have suggested such parallels. 1562:13th Amendment to the United States Constitution 25231:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 23580:List of last surviving American enslaved people 20961:Montejo, Esteban (2016). Barnet, Miguel (ed.). 20765:Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery 20108: 20015:The Economics of Forced Labor: The Soviet Gulag 19992:Religion and the Antebellum Debate Over Slavery 19493:Anderson, Gary M.; Tollison, Robert D. (1985). 19292:Screen saviors: Hollywood fictions of whiteness 19072:Nitkin, David; Merritt, Harry (March 2, 2007). 18780: 17132:Pinnell, Owen; Kelly, Jess (November 1, 2019). 16774: 16501:The Ancient Egyptians (Beliefs & Practices) 16276: 15597: 15595: 14951:. Duckworth with the Classical Press of Wales. 14585:De Vestiging der Nederlanders ter Kuste Malabar 14554:Hague, 1960–present), passim; T. Raychaudhuri, 14143:Finkelman, Paul; Miller, Joseph Calder (1998). 14142: 13607: 13605: 12300:. Digital World Library via Library of Congress 12156: 10160:Religion and the Antebellum Debate Over Slavery 9661:"Without Consent: Forced Marriage in Australia" 9419: 8809:Etymologisches Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Sprache 8722:Etymologisches Wörterbuch Der Deutschen Sprache 6987:gave a liberal but ambiguous interpretation of 6594:, born in Virginia, was the first president of 6317: 5930:all critical of the country's record. Forms of 3405:and the alignment of captive slaves during the 3042:Slave labour in East Africa was drawn from the 2476:view government taxation as a form of slavery. 2135:, illustration in an 1853 anti-slavery pamphlet 24713:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 23170:Barracoon: The Story of the Last "Black Cargo" 21407: 21126:The Slave Systems of Greek and Roman Antiquity 21070:Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion 20012: 18649:"Anti-Slavery International: UNESCO Education" 18113: 18111: 18086:"Lost Daughters – An ongoing tragedy in Nepal" 18056:"Trafficking FAQs – Amnesty International USA" 17890: 17511: 16507: 16247: 16227: 15703: 15418: 14678:Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition 14643: 13732: 13582:Korean National Commission for UNESCO (2004). 13357:Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition 10313:"From private to state slavery and back again" 10114:. History.com. January 4, 2008. Archived from 9269: 8726:Etymological dictionary of the German language 8271:International Day for the Abolition of Slavery 7034:in Spanish) was a 1976 film directed by Cuban 5784:. According to a report published then by the 4614:) had a recognised social role in traditional 4246:confiscated because he killed a female slave”( 3577: 2571:. This enables systems of labour, such as the 32681: 31511: 30156: 28873: 26958: 26535: 25726: 23761: 23662: 22345: 22321: 22188:The Bibliography of Slavery and World Slaving 21558:Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made 20935: 20056:Colonialism: Key Concepts in American History 19074:"A New Twist to an Intriguing Family History" 19071: 18816:"Afrikan Involvement In Atlantic Slave Trade" 18601:"Devon – Abolition – Sailing against slavery" 17933: 16650:. BBC – Religion & Ethics. Archived from 16582: 16031: 16005: 15746:History of Portugal: From Lusitania to empire 14876: 14639: 14637: 14635: 14633: 14609: 14607: 14583:(Trivandrum, 1973); M.A.P. Meilink-Roelofsz, 14387:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 71. 14385:Legacies of slavery: comparative perspectives 14322:Foreigners in Japan: A Historical Perspective 13349: 13347: 13345: 12850:Critical Readings on Global Slavery (4 vols.) 12747:"Why Did So Many Christians Support Slavery?" 12057: 11760:. 33 (The Archaeology of Slavery) (1): 1–17. 11644: 10156: 9413: 8991: 8588: 8440: 8366: 6042: 5529:, reported seeing slaves in Muslim houses in 5385:transporting black African slaves across the 3565: 1946: 1773: 1651:List of slavery-related memorials and museums 29777: 29557: 26549: 22123:Enslaved: True Stories of Modern Day Slavery 21928:Free and unfree labour: the debate continues 21918: 21575: 20514: 20347:The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery 20025: 19864:Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Vision 17131: 15738: 15736: 15734: 15592: 15179: 15141: 14853: 14851: 14849: 14485: 13926:Tanegashima – The Arrival of Europe in Japan 13861:Robert Gellately; Ben Kiernan, eds. (2003). 13703: 13602: 12686: 12655: 12424: 12029: 11697: 11485: 11400:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 440. 10894:Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set 10706:. East African Literature Bureau. p. 76 10337: 9420:Chatterjee, Indrani; Eaton, Richard (2006). 9399:. Rutgers University Press. pp. 11–12. 9214: 8648:International Journal of Middle East Studies 8373:Encyclopedia of Race, Ethnicity, and Society 6022:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 5786:Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) 5427:came from many different regions, including 4469:the Portuguese first made contact with Japan 4408: 4399:period when Korea also experienced multiple 4344: 3848: 3656: 3211: 2853:, and the enslavement of slaves' offspring. 2719: 2709: 2701: 1855:in most countries of the world, except as a 1567:Timeline of abolition of slavery and serfdom 26580:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 24929:List of people killed for being transgender 21925:Brass, Tom; van der Linden, Marcel (1997). 21537:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. 20548:The Black American in United States History 20109:Lester, David; Krysinska, Karolina (2008). 20080:Korea and East Asia: the story of a Phoenix 19552: 19530: 19014:"Congress Apologizes for Slavery, Jim Crow" 18869: 18867: 18627:"The West African Squadron and slave trade" 18208:The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History 18108: 18017: 17571:"UN: There is hope for Mauritania's slaves" 17494:"The Abolition season on BBC World Service" 17340: 16910:. International Labour Organisation. 2005. 16295: 16066:"Historical survey: Ways of ending slavery" 15047:Change in Official Catholic Moral Teachings 14913: 14792:Slavery in the Late Roman World, AD 275–425 14782: 14513: 14505: 14077:. Bombay: Himalaya Pub. House. p. 18. 14068: 14066: 13815: 13770: 12615: 12613: 12258: 11514: 11512: 11510: 10890: 10819: 10539:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199595167.003.0005 10498: 10496: 10245: 10243: 10241: 10198:Adam Smith and the Virtues of Enlightenment 10157:McKivigan, John R.; Snay, Mitchell (1998). 10085:Lagerlöf, Nils-Petter (November 12, 2006). 9994: 9580:"Two-year-old 'at risk' of forced marriage" 8910:Ditten, Hans (1972). "Kritik an G. Korth". 8753:Full composition of writings. In 30 volumes 8547:. The East African Standard. Archived from 8505: 8503: 8414:"Historical survey: Slave-owning societies" 6820:shared responsibility for the slave trade. 6056: 5788:, no fewer than around 80,000 Uyghurs were 5685:, an estimated 15 million children in 4816: 4808: 4731:. Estimates of the number of slaves in the 4528:after the 11th-century. Slavery existed in 3700:Public flogging of a slave in 19th-century 3662: 3532: 3488:royal laws protecting the native population 2186:Beginning in the 18th century, a series of 2048: 32688: 32674: 32268:International Network of Prison Ministries 31518: 31504: 30163: 30149: 28880: 28866: 26965: 26951: 26542: 26528: 25733: 25719: 23768: 23754: 23669: 23655: 22352: 22338: 22202:University of North Carolina at Greensboro 22098: 21999:Ending Slavery: How We Free Today's Slaves 21122: 20368: 19288: 19253: 19165: 18737: 18173: 17970: 17424:"Libya exposed as child migrant abuse hub" 17359:"African migrants 'sold in slave markets'" 16289: 16134: 15843: 15815:Africa's Discovery of Europe: 1450 to 1850 15424: 15217: 14949:Foreigners at Rome: Citizens and Strangers 14630: 14604: 14285:Nature and Origins of Japanese Imperialism 13544:Kim, Youngmin; Pettid, Michael J. (2011). 13474:Kim, Youngmin; Pettid, Michael J. (2011). 13342: 12846: 12322:[Public Domain – Basic Research]. 11648:The Creation of the British Atlantic World 11617: 11016: 10947: 9785: 8738: 6049: 6035: 4632: 3747:West Central African ports, especially in 3517:, where the court ruled that a black man, 2388:commercial sexual exploitation of children 1780: 1766: 28689:Comprehensive Employment and Training Act 26399:Interminority racism in the United States 23594:Cotton Plantation Record and Account Book 22227:The West African Squadron and slave trade 21867: 21812: 21063: 20712:The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture 20396: 20340: 20305:The Cambridge Economic History of India I 20053: 19931: 19518: 18236:Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition 17946:National Changhua University of Education 17601:"Anti-slavery law still tough to enforce" 17157: 17108: 16668:(2020). Abdulhadi-Sukhtian, Nadia (ed.). 16492: 16409: 16332: 16259: 16218: 15731: 15492: 15398:The Oxford History of the Laws of England 15319: 15020:. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 35. 14846: 13907: 13543: 13473: 13336: 13133: 12972: 12467:The Caribbean Slave: A Biological History 12152: 12150: 12122: 11524:"Opinion | Ending the Slavery Blame-Game" 11488:"The impact of the slave trade on Africa" 11426: 11424: 11393: 11190: 11188: 10670: 9863: 9463: 9101: 9095: 8845:Deutsches Etymologisches Rechtswörterbuch 8745:Polnoye sobraniye sochineniy. V 30 tomakh 8659: 8641: 8408: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8400: 8398: 8396: 6518:slavery in the Spanish New World colonies 5572:and Khiva included about 900,000 slaves. 5108:horsemen and sold in the Crimean port of 2608:, especially given Smith's belief in the 2455: 32094:Mentally ill people in the United States 29765: 28533:Job losses caused by the Great Recession 27215:Simultaneous recruiting of new graduates 24025:Social determinants of health in poverty 23575:Treatment of slaves in the United States 23349:Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade 22663:(1766 Saint-Dominque – June 30, 1853 NY) 21747: 21719: 21705: 21551: 21527: 21481: 21150: 21035: 20883:Hogendorn, Jan; Johnson, Marion (2003). 20840:Slavery in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia 20761: 20611: 20482: 20431: 20315: 20221: 19940: 19913: 19798: 19769: 19740: 19719: 19289:Vera, Hernán; Gordon, Andrew M. (2003). 19096: 18864: 18493: 18454: 18390:. Paris: UNESCO Publishing. p. vi. 18298:. Rutgers University Press. p. 84. 18162:British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society 18119:"US State Department Trafficking report" 18023: 17397: 16670:Work and Customs in Palestine, volume II 16299:Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag 16272: 16037: 15880: 15811: 15697: 15515: 15467: 15465: 15096: 14497: 14243: 14181: 14177: 14063: 13528: 13516: 13419: 13307: 13295: 13002: 12692: 12638:Scholastic Encyclopedia of the Civil War 12610: 12494: 12396: 12291: 12084: 12063: 12025: 11976: 11507: 11443: 11381: 11022: 10878: 10766: 10764: 10699: 10493: 10416:"Determining the Legal Rights of Slaves" 10391: 10238: 10194: 10084: 9931: 9880: 9551: 8871: 8542: 8500: 8476: 8474: 6954: 6586: 6575: 6471: 6313: 6291:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 6204:Convention of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919 6114:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 5723:released a report on slavery. It placed 5703:, the total control of workers in Asian 5669: 5645: 5539: 5489: 5376: 5295:Illness and Inhumanity in Stalin's Gulag 5215: 5165: 5118: 5007: 4955: 4950:Colliers and Salters (Scotland) Act 1775 4765: 4650: 4590:showed that 6% of the population in the 4372: 4207: 4116:In 1865, the United States ratified the 4071: 3940: 3816: 3804: 3710: 3695: 3633: 3593: 3581: 3428: 3188: 3166:puts the figure as high as ten to one." 3133:slave traders and their captives on the 3125: 3087: 2924: 2812: 2668: 2652: 2644: 2624: 2586: 2336: 2236:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 2150: 2138: 2127: 1884: 1572:Abolition of slave trade in Persian gulf 1437:Advisory Committee of Experts on Slavery 1417:Brussels Anti-Slavery Conference 1889–90 28714:Credentialism and educational inflation 26794:Right to an adequate standard of living 21896:American Negro Slavery: A Modern Reader 21776: 21383: 21347: 21179: 20960: 20936:Miers, Suzanne; Kopytoff, Igor (1979). 20622: 20277: 20246: 20208: 19700: 19609:(2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, Calif.: 19526:. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing. 19097:Akhalbey, Francis (November 15, 2019). 18986: 18813: 18738:Belardelli, Giulia (December 2, 2014). 18499: 18460: 18383: 17212: 17166:from the original on September 26, 2013 16908:A Global Alliance Against Forced Labour 16610: 16513: 16284: 15974: 15946: 15918: 15742: 15704:Goodman, Joan E.; McNeely, Tom (2001). 15601: 15546: 15495:"Slavery In The Coal-Mines Of Scotland" 15493:Barrowman, James (September 14, 1897). 15180:Boyce Davies, Carole Elizabeth (2008). 15006: 14719: 14493: 14489: 14319: 14224: 14146:Macmillan encyclopedia of world slavery 13960: 13642: 13611: 13539: 13537: 13438:. Institute for Modern Korean Studies, 13145: 12996: 12661: 12634: 12525: 12224: 12195: 12169: 12142: 12070:. ReadHowYouWant.com. pp. 286–87. 11449: 11245: 11224: 11194: 10727: 10725: 9886: 9843: 9045: 9012:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.7311 8926: 8543:Corrigan, Terence (September 6, 2007). 6562:13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution 6520:was the Spanish missionary and bishop, 5888:. Child migrants suffer from abuse and 5615: 5158:was abolished in the mid-14th century. 5058:in places such as Algeria and Morocco. 2133:Flogging a slave fastened to the ground 14: 35602: 32347:Prison Officers' Association (Ireland) 28585:List of countries by unemployment rate 26595:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 26471:Sociology of race and ethnic relations 23512:Frederick Douglass and the White Negro 23333:Queen: The Story of an American Family 23253:Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp 22140: 21974:Understanding Global Slavery: A Reader 21801: 21680: 21657: 21629: 21435: 21245: 21216: 21010: 20985: 20857: 20836: 20811: 20650: 20545: 19988:"Slavery and the Evangelical Movement" 19985: 19884: 19838:Popular Controversies in World History 19835: 19810: 19777:Women and Slavery: The Modern Atlantic 19635: 19428: 19222: 18424:French Politics, Culture & Society 18415: 18262: 18139: 17973:"Officials divided on sex slave issue" 17672:from the original on February 27, 2014 17662:"VII. Conclusions and Recommendations" 17517: 17265: 17158:Pattisson, Pete (September 25, 2013). 17077: 16930: 16664: 16235: 16231: 16038:Forsythe, David P. (August 27, 2009). 15945:Darjusz Kołodziejczyk, as reported by 15637: 15395: 15097:Singer, Isido Singer; Jacobs, Joseph. 15012: 14971: 14882: 14788: 14383:Dias, Maria Suzette Fernandes (2007). 14281: 14197: 14075:Slavery in Portuguese India, 1510–1842 13998: 13704:Hertel, Ralf; Keevak, Michael (2017). 13431: 13219: 13176: 12789: 12500: 12430: 12267:. Twenty-First Century Books. p. 12236:Barbados: Just Beyond Your Imagination 12201: 12147: 12134: 12126: 12118: 11950: 11794: 11433:The Cambridge World History of Slavery 11421: 11331:"Remembering East African slave raids" 11230: 11185: 10985: 10979: 10524: 10502: 10413: 10232: 10136: 10130: 9759: 9705: 9288: 9286: 9164: 9076: 8909: 8885:] (in German). Bright Star Books. 8835: 8509: 8393: 8335: 7549:Queen: The Story of an American Family 6937:presented a report at an event at the 6886:United States House of Representatives 5357:History of slavery in the Muslim world 4993:. Eastern Europe suffered a series of 2898:, black Africans were included in the 34780: 32909: 32707: 32669: 31499: 30144: 29764: 29121: 28861: 26946: 26523: 25714: 23749: 23650: 23285:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 23114:Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl 22550:(c. 1745 Nigeria – 31 March 1797 Eng) 22333: 22320: 22245:. Discovery Education. Archived from 22229:, history of the Victorian Royal Navy 22020: 21995: 21970: 21945: 21502: 21350:European Journal of Law and Economics 21324: 21248:The Slavonic and East European Review 21091: 20914:Muslim Slave System in Medieval India 20733: 20705: 20350:. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, Calif: 20159: 19966: 19887:The Slavonic and East European Review 19858: 19672: 19602: 19574: 19393: 19381: 19369: 19148: 19122: 18947: 18421: 18321: 18291: 17421: 17298:Australian Strategic Policy Institute 17184: 17011: 16894: 16550: 16531:"Slaves and Slavery in Ancient Egypt" 16522: 16514:Everett, Susanne (October 24, 2011). 16498: 16114:"Nazi slave fund passes final hurdle" 15921:"Servile Labor in the Ottoman Empire" 15849: 15687:"British Slaves on the Barbary Coast" 15462: 15301: 15263:AEthelstan: The First King of England 15040: 14674: 14613: 14575:(Leiden, 1995). See also M.O. Koshy, 14542:Journal of the Burma Research Society 14538:Journal of the Burma Research Society 14344: 14185: 14114:Leite, José Roberto Teixeira (1999). 14113: 14101: 14090:Chinese there were employed as cooks. 14072: 14041:Leite, José Roberto Teixeira (1999). 14040: 13922: 13353: 13129: 13064: 12795:"Small Truth Papering Over a Big Lie" 12696:(1999). "Transatlantic Slave Trade". 12619: 12581: 12506: 12463: 12138: 12098:. US History Publishers. p. 76. 12096:Virginia: A Guide to the Old Dominion 11902: 11624:. Pearson Education. pp. 76–78. 11518: 11466: 11430: 11130: 10770: 10761: 10640:The Image of the Black in Western Art 10581: 10373:from the original on February 5, 2017 10292: 10039: 9905:and its various interpretations, see 9631:"Forced marriages rampant in Ontario" 9628: 9552:Sullivan, Kevin (December 26, 2008). 9449:Dandamayev, M. A.; Barda; Bardadārī. 9330: 8953: 8799: 8769: 8748:Полное собрание сочинений. В 30 томах 8712: 8700: 8569: 8471: 8434: 7450:Roots: The Saga of an American Family 6846:The issue of an apology is linked to 6729:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6721:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 6530:Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves 6094:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 6030: 5497:saw Europeans dragged to that empire. 4487:Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–98) 4457:Imperial Japanese occupation of Korea 3478:) and was present at the massacre of 2265:The last country to abolish slavery, 2238:in 1934–1939. By the time of the UN 1459:Anglo-Egyptian Slave Trade Convention 1136:Human trafficking in Papua New Guinea 32649: 31480: 30170: 27483:Practice-based professional learning 26494: 25695: 24735:Capital punishment for homosexuality 24030:Social determinants of mental health 23130:Life and Times of Frederick Douglass 22625:(1783 England – 1821 United States) 22359: 22179:Slavery in America: A Resource Guide 22119: 22099:Nazer, Mende; Lewis, Damien (2009). 22059: 22030:. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. 21561:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. 21287: 21266: 20786: 20564: 20187: 18987:Coslett, Paul (September 24, 2014). 18968:from the original on January 7, 2020 18953: 18873: 18840: 18546: 18133: 18024:Bradford, Laurence (July 23, 2013). 17884: 17784:from the original on October 6, 2014 16858: 16578:– via The Lost Museum Archive. 16528: 16503:. Sussex Academic Press. p. 91. 16436: 16417:"Mesopotamia: The Code of Hammurabi" 16167: 16094:(in Swedish). 1920. pp. 159–160 15777:Black Africans In Renaissance Europe 15773: 15576:. Trivia-library.com. Archived from 15259: 14883:Joshel, Sandra R. (August 6, 2010). 14857: 14517: 14509: 14424:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 14417: 14382: 13534: 13384: 13033: 12984:杉山正明《忽必烈的挑战》，社会科学文献出版社，2013年，第44–46頁 12820: 12556: 11753: 11560:"The Transatlantic Slave Trade]" 11557: 11469:Give Me Liberty: An American History 11260:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim030170256 11100: 10747:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a096007 10731: 10722: 10480: 10449: 10249: 9257:. The Feminist Sexual Ethics Project 8849:German Etymological Legal Dictionary 8572:"One in 200 people is a slave. Why?" 8510:Okeowo, Alexis (September 8, 2014). 6514:Spanish colonization of the Americas 5138:, slaves were usually classified as 5084:(a Muslim Tatar state) maintained a 4308:were enslaved in the process of the 4001:prohibited the importation of slaves 3949:of slaves being driven on foot from 3174: 3062:(also known as Basara), against the 2379:") revolves around illegal control. 2226:and the United Nations, such as the 2201:Chattel slavery survived longest in 1866:, the slave is legally rendered the 1656:Slave marriages in the United States 1255:Human trafficking in the Middle East 28031:Workers' right to access the toilet 25884:Discrimination based on nationality 24855:Genital modification and mutilation 22198:Digital Library on American Slavery 21868:Vorenberg, Michael (May 21, 2001). 20907: 20111:"Suicide in the Soviet Gulag Camps" 20076: 19682:(2nd revised ed.). Hong Kong: 19636:Barnes, Steven A. (April 4, 2011). 19223:Stokes, Melvyn (January 15, 2008). 18929:"Virginia 'sorry' for slavery role" 18903:"Blair 'sorry' for UK slavery role" 18675:"Home Page | Agrarian Studies" 17934:Huang Rongwen (February 10, 2022). 17919:. November 20, 2018. Archived from 17893:"Debt Bondage in Space, and Taiwan" 17891:Peter Bengtsen (October 31, 2023). 17444:. February 28, 2017. Archived from 16439:The Encyclopedia of Ancient History 16326: 15980: 15662: 15444:"The Saxon Slave-Market in Bristol" 15342: 14946: 14828:"Resisting Slavery in Ancient Rome" 13125: 13003:Williams, R. Owen (November 2006). 12641:. Scholastic Reference. p. 8. 12320:"Domínio Público – Pesquisa Básica" 12230: 12159:Handbook to Life in the Aztec World 11051:. History-world.org. Archived from 11028: 10986:Bagley, H. R. C. (August 1, 1997). 10891:Shillington, Kevin (July 4, 2013). 10805:. September 3, 2001. Archived from 10693: 10338:Lockhart, James; Schwartz, Stuart. 10087:"Slavery and other property rights" 9760:Machan, Tibor R. (April 13, 2000). 9673:from the original on June 13, 2015. 9629:Black, Debra (September 20, 2013). 9479: 9312: 9283: 9079:Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology 9046:Bradley, Keith (November 2, 2020). 5780:minority for forced labour, inside 5205: 4526:Muslim domination of northern India 3300:Slavery in colonial Spanish America 3231:, another four million through the 3199:National Museum of American History 2993:) from the interior in present-day 2749:A combination of these include the 2314:where a female can be coerced into 1847:, slavery was a typical feature of 1839:to pay a debt or earn money due to 990:Human trafficking in Southeast Asia 24: 29123: 29122: 23775: 23469:The Escape; or, A Leap for Freedom 23341:Hang a Thousand Trees with Ribbons 22619:(c. 1710 Portugal – 1734 Montreal) 22572:Nunzio Otello Francesco Gioacchino 22278:Slave Ships and the Middle Passage 21823:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 21731:University of South Carolina Press 21377: 21129:. American Philosophical Society. 20886:The Shell Money of the Slave Trade 20837:Greene, Jacqueline Dembar (2001). 20790:Slavery and Empire in Central Asia 20661:The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism 20629:Empire of Cotton: A Global History 20606: 19899:10.5699/slaveasteurorev2.90.4.0735 19679:Fidalgos in the Far East 1550–1770 18818:. Africawithin.com. Archived from 18479:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1994.tb01322.x 18092:. December 5, 2008. Archived from 17809:Missionary Society of St. Columban 17752:from the original on July 14, 2014 17545:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 17468:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 17109:Sebastian, Clare (July 30, 2018). 17035:from the original on July 27, 2020 16931:Fortin, Jacey (January 16, 2013). 16518:. Chartwell Books. pp. 10–11. 15321:10.1111/j.1468-0289.2007.00401_3.x 14675:Klein, Martin A. (2014). "Maori". 14647:Islam and the Abolition of Slavery 13896:Hideyoshi korean slaves guns silk. 13393:. Institute of Economic Research, 12208:University of North Carolina Press 12179:. Discover Jamaica. Archived from 11909:Northern Illinois University Press 11486:M'bokolo, Elikia (April 1, 1998). 11307:. October 17, 2002. Archived from 10671:Mohaiemen, Naeem (July 27, 2004). 10525:Harris, W. V. (February 3, 2011). 10414:Pollak, Michael (March 28, 2014). 9746:. Refers to both the military and 9706:Krembs, Peter (January 20, 2003). 9603:. Honordiaries.com. Archived from 9560:from the original on June 12, 2018 9489:. November 2, 2009. Archived from 9294:"Mauritanian MPs pass slavery law" 8943:from the original on May 21, 2015. 8642:Jankowiak, Marek (February 2017). 8618: 8602:. January 30, 2007. Archived from 5638:Illegal immigration § Slavery 5228:created a system of, according to 4566: 4446:in 1775, and he and his successor 3894:government allowed some rights to 3339:of Texas, also practiced slavery. 3070:region and areas further south in 2787:the extirpation of slavery in 1865 2533: 2429: 2123: 1644:last survivors of American slavery 25: 35646: 32708: 31525: 26715:Right to refuse medical treatment 23570:Songs of the Underground Railroad 23530:Abolitionism in the United States 23038:(c. 1795 Nigeria – ? Brazil) 22669:(c. 1819 – ???, Puerto Rico) 22233:Slavery and the Making of America 22167: 22150:Black Rednecks and White Liberals 21612: 21153:Economic and Industrial Democracy 21123:Westermann, William Linn (1955). 20190:Vestiges of Old Madras, 1640-1800 19648: 19606:New slavery: a reference handbook 18841:Ball, Jeremy R. (November 2003), 18322:Foner, Eric (December 30, 2007). 17700:from the original on July 7, 2014 17642:from the original on July 2, 2014 17422:Adams, Paul (February 28, 2017). 17213:Helmore, Edward (July 19, 2018). 17078:DeLuca, Matthew (June 19, 2013). 16872:. October 4, 2013. Archived from 16840:International Labour Organization 16137:"Forced Labour under Third Reich" 16135:Beyer, John; Schneider, Stephan. 15516:Phillips, William D. Jr. (1985). 15302:Goose, Nigel (October 18, 2007). 15121:"Slavery Encyclopedia of Ukraine" 14975:The American Journal of Philology 14579:(New Delhi, 1989); K.K. Kusuman, 14250:(illustrated, reprint ed.). 14005:(illustrated, reprint ed.). 14002:The memory palace of Matteo Ricci 13643:Hoffman, Michael (May 26, 2013). 13385:Rhee, Young-hoon; Yang, Donghyu. 12725:"Social Aspects of the Civil War" 12702:. New York: Basic Civitas Books. 12559:"The Birth of Race-Based Slavery" 12021: 10700:Ochiengʼ, William Robert (1975). 10361:"One day we will start a big war" 9901:For sources about the concept of 9816: 9728: 9687:. reliefweb.int. November 9, 2004 8371:. In Schaefer, Richard T. (ed.). 8367:Baker-Kimmons, Leslie C. (2008). 6131:African Slave Trade Patrol (U.S.) 5453:and Eastern Europe (mainly Slavs 5311:legacies in contemporary Russia. 5278:, after which he was awarded the 5080:Until the late 18th century, the 4524:. Slavery intensified during the 4076:Slaves on a Virginia plantation ( 3486:population had spurred the first 3123:by an Anglo-Dutch fleet in 1816. 2696:Private versus state-owned slaves 2640: 2209:had been suppressed, the ancient 605:Field slaves in the United States 472:Slavery in the Rashidun Caliphate 32648: 32637: 32636: 31479: 31470: 31469: 30352:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 30125: 30124: 28887: 28802: 28801: 28095:Corporate collapses and scandals 26503: 26493: 26484: 26483: 25694: 25685: 25684: 25334:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 25171:Law for Protection of the Nation 25071:White genocide conspiracy theory 23618:Slave Songs of the United States 23122:The Underground Railroad Records 23032:(? Puerto Rico – 1555 Venezuela) 21419:University of Pennsylvania Press 21328:Journal of Comparative Economics 20565:Vink, Markus P. M. (June 1998). 19770:Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; 19741:Campbell, Gwyn; Miers, Suzanne; 19459: 19422: 19387: 19313: 19282: 19247: 19216: 19159: 19142: 19116: 19090: 19065: 19031: 19006: 18980: 18921: 18895: 18834: 18807: 18774: 18752: 18703: 18667: 18641: 18619: 18593: 18567: 18540: 18377: 18351: 18315: 18285: 18256: 18200: 18167: 18078: 18062:. March 30, 2007. Archived from 18048: 17964: 17927: 17903: 17856: 17828: 17796: 17764: 17732: 17684: 17654: 17621: 17593: 17577:. March 17, 2012. Archived from 17563: 17537: 17486: 17460: 17434: 17415: 17391: 17383:. April 12, 2017. Archived from 17365: 17351: 17334: 17316: 17285: 17259: 17234: 17206: 17185:Booth, Robert (March 24, 2016). 17178: 17151: 17125: 17102: 17071: 17051: 17005: 16979: 16943: 16924: 16900: 16800: 16736: 16686: 16658: 16640: 16604: 16556: 16529:Dunn, Jimmy (October 24, 2011). 16499:David, Rosalie (April 1, 1998). 16467: 16451:10.1002/9781444338386.wbeah15006 16430: 16370: 16350: 16265: 16241: 16211: 16181: 16161: 16128: 16106: 16080: 16058: 15999: 15939: 15931:. pp. 25–43. Archived from 15912: 15874: 15805: 15767: 15679: 15656: 15631: 15566: 15540: 15509: 15486: 15436: 15389: 15359: 15355:. p. 63. GGKEY:HYPAY3GPAA5. 15336: 15295: 15173: 15135: 15113: 15090: 15064: 15034: 14965: 14940: 14907: 14820: 14756: 14713: 14668: 14594: 14587:(The Hague, 1943); H. Terpstra, 14561: 14547: 14522: 14479: 14418:Levi, Scott C. (November 2002). 14411: 14401: 14376: 14338: 14313: 14275: 14244:Kitagawa, Joseph Mitsuo (2013). 14237: 14218: 14191: 14171: 14136: 14107: 14095: 14034: 13992: 13954: 13916: 13901: 13854: 13809: 13764: 13726: 13697: 13667: 13636: 13575: 13467: 13425: 13378: 13251: 13220:Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (2004). 13213: 13170: 13139: 13119: 13089: 13058: 13027: 12987: 12978: 12944: 12901: 12871: 12840: 12814: 12783: 12765: 12739: 12717: 12628: 12550: 12519: 12457: 12441:. pp. 28–31. Archived from 12390: 12330: 12285: 12252: 12157:Agurilar-Moreno, Manuel (2006). 12112: 12035: 12015: 11970: 11944: 11926: 11896: 11878: 11860: 11828: 11747: 11722: 11669: 11638: 11611: 11577: 11551: 11479: 11460: 11387: 11349: 11323: 11291: 11266: 11239: 11195:Carroll, Rory (March 11, 2004). 11131:Davis, R. (September 16, 2003). 11124: 11094: 11067: 10855:A History of World Civilizations 10397:Colonialism in Africa, 1870–1914 9750:requirements of Italy as slavery 9251:"Traditional or Chattel Slavery" 8536: 8235: 8223: 8180: 8132: 8120: 8078: 8036: 8024: 7983: 7944: 7903: 7861: 7823: 7811: 7771: 7759: 7722: 7681: 7669: 7625: 7583: 7535: 7484: 7436: 7379: 7330: 7286: 7233: 7193: 7151: 7105: 6099:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 5598:Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1880 5365:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 5361:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 5291:"violence of human exploitation" 5236:", slave labor camps called the 4782:Slavery in early medieval Europe 4744:Medieval and early modern Europe 4442:implemented a policy of gradual 3968:. Slavery had been practiced in 3953:, Virginia to Tennessee in 1850. 3936: 3391: 3380: 3064:slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 3052:slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 2896:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor 2690: 2479:"Slavery" has been used by some 2345: 2276: 2143:A poster for a slave auction in 1904:more than 50% of slaves provide 1816: 482:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 477:Slavery in the Umayyad Caliphate 306:Slavery in the Abbasid Caliphate 76: 32418:Countries by incarceration rate 32331:Prison Fellowship International 26504: 25176:MSM blood donation restrictions 24924:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 22998:(19th century Indian Territory) 22972:(1766 Saint-Dominque – 1853 NY) 21802:Stampp, Kenneth Milton (1969). 21726:Life and Labor in the Old South 21684:Slavery: History And Historians 21660:Slavery: History and Historians 21103:University Press of New England 21073:. Vol. 2. Westport, Conn: 20518:Journal of Early Modern History 20483:Saunders, A.C. de C.M. (1982). 20247:Prakash, Om (January 1, 1985). 19485: 19326:Black American Literature Forum 19045:. June 19, 2009. Archived from 16621:Journal of Early Modern History 15612:Journal of Early Modern History 15266:. The English Monarchs Series. 14502:Raychaudhuri & Habib (1982) 12431:Farmer, Paul (April 15, 2004). 12344:(in Portuguese). Archived from 11980:The Journal of Economic History 11169:. Research News. Archived from 11041: 10915: 10884: 10845: 10813: 10791: 10664: 10631: 10601: 10582:Perbi, Akosua (April 5, 2001). 10575: 10518: 10474: 10443: 10407: 10385: 10353: 10331: 10305: 10293:Ryall, Julian (April 2, 2015). 10286: 10272: 10188: 10150: 10104: 10078: 10043:The Journal of Economic History 10033: 9998:The Journal of Economic History 9988: 9959: 9895: 9837: 9810: 9779: 9753: 9722: 9699: 9677: 9653: 9622: 9590: 9572: 9545: 9531:"Campaign Page: Child Soldiers" 9523: 9497: 9457: 9442: 9422:Slavery and South Asian History 9388: 9362: 9336: 9243: 9208: 9183: 9158: 9135: 9070: 9039: 8992:Keith Bradley (March 7, 2016). 8985: 8947: 8920: 8903: 8865: 8829: 8793: 8763: 8732: 8706: 8684:"The international slave trade" 8676: 8635: 6951:List of films featuring slavery 6717:United Nations General Assembly 6641:. British Member of Parliament 6467: 6146:Eastern Naval Division (Brazil) 6119:Brussels Conference Act of 1890 6020:For a chronological guide, see 6009: 5880:Women are often raped, used as 5714: 5610:Saudi Arabia's slave population 5369:Slavery in the Mamluk Sultanate 5161: 4762:Slavery in the Byzantine Empire 4421:classes) other than the ruling 4276:Southern and Northern Dynasties 4249:Han dynasty records in DongGuan 4192: 3032:Encyclopedia of African History 2768: 2394:Child soldiers and child labour 2232:Committee of Experts on Slavery 1908:, usually in the factories and 1432:Committee of Experts on Slavery 983:East, Southeast, and South Asia 27:Ownership of people as property 29766: 28595:Employment-to-population ratio 27967:Occupational health psychology 26972: 26927:Sexual and reproductive health 26824:Right to a healthy environment 26389:Go back to where you came from 25189:(as religious or racial quota) 23680:relationships and institutions 23602:Slave-Trading in the Old South 22656:(c. 1788 Bermuda – after 1833) 22004:University of California Press 21979:University of California Press 21777:Sellers, James Benson (1994). 21411:; Rockman, Seth, eds. (2016). 19920:The American Historical Review 19804:Kolyma: The Arctic Death Camps 19586:University of California Press 19254:Morsberger, Robert E. (1977). 18954:Muir, Hugh (August 24, 2007). 18783:Topics in West African history 17745:Christian Solidarity Worldwide 17693:World Report 2014: North Korea 17518:Sutter, John D. (March 2012). 17266:Tutton, Mark (July 19, 2018). 17021:. Melville House. p. 29. 16281:Anderson & Tollison (1985) 14984:Johns Hopkins University Press 14644:Clarence-Smith, W. G. (2006). 14620:Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia 13969:University of California Press 13681:. May 10, 2007. Archived from 13435:Views on Korean social history 13266:University of California Press 13228:University of Washington Press 13154:University of California Press 11801:University of California Press 11653:Johns Hopkins University Press 11101:Syed, Muzaffar Husain (2011). 10703:Eastern Kenya and Its Invaders 10450:Ober, Josiah (June 26, 2018). 9395:Sleightholme; Indrani (1996). 8927:Waldman, Katy (May 19, 2015). 8563: 8360: 8329: 6907: 6801:law, recognizing slavery as a 5980: 5971: 5907: 5681:According to a 2003 report by 5626:Slavery in contemporary Africa 5537:and Cairo in as late as 1909. 5350: 5046:, in a subsequent attack upon 2665:, issued between 1845 and 1849 2657:Barefooted slaves depicted in 2567:, in which output depended on 2155:Portrait of an older woman in 2093: 1965:which ultimately derives from 1837:voluntarily enter into slavery 1131:Slave raiding in Easter Island 13: 1: 35184:Traditional African religions 32695: 28683:Works Progress Administration 28575:Unemployment Convention, 1919 27987:Personal protective equipment 27540:Occupational Outlook Handbook 26844:Right to public participation 25603:Second-generation gender bias 25319:Constitutional colorblindness 24020:Social determinants of health 23277:The Confessions of Nat Turner 23242: 23235: 23066:The Narrative of Robert Adams 22480: 22172: 22146:"The Real History of Slavery" 21482:Blackmon, Douglas A. (2012). 20969:Northwestern University Press 20944:University of Wisconsin Press 20278:Prakash, Om (June 28, 1998). 18989:"Liverpool's slavery apology" 18384:Dorigny, Marcel, ed. (2003). 16395:10.1080/00085006.2017.1384665 16277:Lester & Krysinska (2008) 16102:– via Project Runeberg. 15956:The Journal of Jewish Studies 15753:. pp. 158–160, 362–370. 14914:Santosuosso, Antonio (2001). 13182:"The History of Civilization" 12821:Lowe, Jaime (July 27, 2021). 12620:Moore, Wilbert Ellis (1980). 11681:University of Texas at Austin 11394:Veenhoven, Willem A. (1977). 11077:The Last Great Muslim Empires 10989:The Last Great Muslim Empires 10195:Griswold, Charles L. (1999). 10146:. New York: Burdick Brothers. 9851:British Journal of Psychiatry 9472:. pp. 1640–1645 (1642). 8482:"Slavery in the 21st century" 8322: 6939:University of the West Indies 6507: 6454:World Anti-Slavery Convention 5895: 5564:centred in the Central Asian 5398: 5373:Slavery in the Ottoman Empire 4888:'s laws dealt with slaves in 4835:were the destinations, while 4775:Boleslaus II, Duke of Bohemia 4512: 4107:Confederate States of America 4083: 4005:plantations in the Deep South 3925:of 1804, the only successful 3638:Funeral at slave plantation, 2929:13th-century slave market in 2674: 2629:Sale and inspection of slaves 2321: 39:Slave Master (disambiguation) 34781: 32310:Prison Advice and Care Trust 28764:Psychopathy in the workplace 27937:Human factors and ergonomics 26864:Right to science and culture 23610:Sarah Johnson's Mount Vernon 23565:Slavery in the United States 22922:Greensbury Washington Offley 21511:University Press of Kentucky 21506:Black Southerners, 1619–1869 21145:Journal articles and reviews 20215:Personal Research Collection 20188:Love, Henry Davison (1913). 20118:Archives of Suicide Research 19560:. Brookfield, VT: Variorum. 19123:Brown, Kim (July 10, 2023). 18760:"Routes of Enslaved Peoples" 18502:The Journal of Negro History 17160:"Qatar's World Cup 'slaves'" 16937:International Business Times 16648:"Sexual slavery – the harem" 16441:. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA: 16248:Gregory & Lazarev (2003) 16228:Gregory & Lazarev (2003) 16193:Facing History and Ourselves 16041:Encyclopedia of Human Rights 16020:. p. 27. Archived from 15224:. Studies in Legal History. 14766:. Dl.ket.org. Archived from 14614:Bowie, Katherine A. (1996). 14469:"Windows – Slice of history" 14247:Religion in Japanese History 13999:Spence, Jonathan D. (1985). 13733:Michael Weiner, ed. (2004). 13615:Women's Studies Encyclopedia 12064:Billings, Warren M. (2009). 9081:. Viking Press. p. 71. 8570:Hodal, Kate (May 31, 2016). 8484:. Newint.org. Archived from 8276:International Slavery Museum 6788: 6680: 6279:Temporary Slavery Commission 5874:Sub-Saharan African migrants 5872:, Libyans started capturing 5742:In the preparations for the 5505:. In the Ottoman capital of 5423:Historically, slaves in the 5287:"other forms of slave labor" 5232:and the "perspective of the 4203: 3958:Slavery in the United States 3855:("Black Code"), prepared by 3774:started with the arrival of 3763:Brazil in the 21st century. 3308:Slavery in the United States 3137:in East Africa, 19th century 2945:were transported across the 2538: 2228:Temporary Slavery Commission 2086: 2080: 2068: 2062: 2015: 2003: 1988: 1976: 1939: 1874:describes the conditions of 1422:Temporary Slavery Commission 1083:Slavery in the Mongol Empire 7: 34512:Food and drink prohibitions 32910: 28749:Narcissism in the workplace 27962:Occupational exposure limit 26690:Right to keep and bear arms 26600:Freedom from discrimination 25514:Medical model of disability 25366:Hate speech laws by country 23634:The Hemingses of Monticello 23535:African-American literature 22307:at the Walk Free Foundation 21825:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 21785:University of Alabama Press 21615:"Slavery Facts & Myths" 21019:University Press of Florida 20663:. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 20222:Millward, James A. (1998). 20054:Kozlowski, Darrell (2010). 19996:University of Georgia Press 19432:Journal of American History 19320:Worthington-Smith, Hammet; 19168:The Politics of Cine-Memory 18510:University of Chicago Press 17971:Max Hirsch (May 23, 2007). 17520:"Slavery's last stronghold" 17361:. BBC News. April 11, 2017. 16694:"The Freeing of the Slaves" 16296:Alexopoulos, Golfo (2017). 16168:Steinert, Johannes-Dieter. 15889:University of Toronto Press 15524:Manchester University Press 15308:The Economic History Review 15123:. Encyclopediaofukraine.com 14734:10.7767/zrgra.1957.74.1.403 13146:Schafer, Edward H. (1963). 12670:University of Chicago Press 12662:McInnis, Maurie D. (2011). 12635:Clinton, Catherine (1999). 12590:University of Florida Press 12582:Smith, Julia Floyd (1973). 12292:Mentelle, Simon M. (1777). 12163:California State University 11585:"Nigeria – The Slave Trade" 11252:University of Chicago Press 10823:; Tordoff, William (2001). 10487:University of Georgia Press 10165:University of Georgia Press 9786:Valenstein, Elliot (2002). 9537:. June 2001. Archived from 8999:Oxford Classical Dictionary 8254: 6795:National Assembly of France 6765:American Anti-Slavery Group 6689:, was formed in Britain by 6670:encouraging other countries 6602: 6296:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 6126:West Africa Squadron (U.K.) 5946:sector and forced labor in 5914:Human rights in North Korea 5642:Slavery in the 21st century 5341:aside from the introduction 5261: 5224:Between 1930 and 1960, the 4409: 4289:The commentary of Tang Code 4164:, some prisoners in the US 3731:first Portuguese settlement 3578:English and Dutch Caribbean 3423:, and numerous rebellions. 3277: 2720: 2710: 2702: 2318:in order to pay off debts. 2240:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 2112:). Other historians prefer 1442:Ad Hoc Committee on Slavery 487:Volga Bulgarian slave trade 10: 35651: 32642:Imprisonment and detention 31570:Stanford prison experiment 31364:African diaspora religions 30488:Indigenous Black Canadians 28972:Weberian (three-component) 28678:Civil Works Administration 28560:Technological unemployment 28036:Workplace health promotion 27493:Professional certification 27190:Personality–job fit theory 25740: 25623:Social model of disability 24075:Discrimination against men 23450:A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin 22556:(c. 1705 Bornu – 1775 Eng) 22372:Slave Narrative Collection 21971:Bales, Kevin, ed. (2005). 21876:Cambridge University Press 21835:10.4135/9781412965811.n286 20891:Cambridge University Press 20795:Cambridge University Press 20770:Cambridge University Press 20762:Drescher, Seymour (2009). 20673:10.4135/9781412965811.n285 20491:Cambridge University Press 20324:Cambridge University Press 20316:Richards, John F. (2012). 20309:Cambridge University Press 20286:Cambridge University Press 20284:. Vol. II. New York: 20253:Princeton University Press 20211:"Slavery: A World History" 20085:Greenwood Publishing Group 19986:Forbes, Robert P. (1998). 19708:American Heritage Magazine 19642:Princeton University Press 19266:(2): 87–98. Archived from 19180:10.1002/9781118322673.ch22 18240:Greenwood Publishing Group 16634:10.1163/157006507780385125 16223:Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei 16189:"The Holocaust in Belarus" 15858:Cambridge University Press 15850:Klein, Herbert S. (2010). 15782:Cambridge University Press 15625:10.1163/157006507780385125 15367:"Medieval English society" 15226:Cambridge University Press 15150:Cambridge University Press 14891:Cambridge University Press 14886:Slavery in the Roman World 14797:Cambridge University Press 13871:Cambridge University Press 13620:Greenwood Publishing Group 12534:Greenwood Publishing Group 12472:Cambridge University Press 12464:Kiple, Kenneth F. (2002). 12326:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 11730:"Slavery in the New World" 11618:Rubinstein, W. D. (2004). 11558:Bortolot, Alexander Ives. 11473:W. W. Norton & Company 11453:Journal of African History 11437:Cambridge University Press 11357:"Focus on the slave trade" 11104:A Concise History of Islam 10799:"Focus on the slave trade" 10681:. Vol. 5, no. 61 10589:. latinamericanstudies.org 10458:Princeton University Press 10401:Cambridge University Press 10399:. Vol. I. Cambridge: 10344:Cambridge University Press 10203:Cambridge University Press 9887:Spiegel, Marjorie (1996). 9766:Ludwig von Mises Institute 9224:W. W. Norton & Company 8962:Edinburgh University Press 8807:. In Elmar Seebold (ed.). 6948: 6911: 6857:On February 25, 2007, the 6769:Anti-Slavery International 6715:On December 10, 1948, the 6687:Anti-Slavery International 6663:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 6019: 6013: 5911: 5769: 5619: 5475:; and from Europe via the 5354: 5333:Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei 5308:other forms of slave labor 5209: 5173: 4932:Slavery Abolition Act 1833 4854:) were important sources. 4747: 4636: 4605: 4570: 4345: 4223: 4199:History of slavery in Asia 4196: 4122:United States Constitution 3315:can be traced back to the 3281: 2961:civilizations. During the 2860: 2806: 2800: 2796: 2779:French colony of Louisiana 2683:A widespread practice was 2649:Branding of a female slave 2433: 2403: 2397: 2355: 2349: 2286: 2280: 2207:Trans-Atlantic slave trade 2074: 2056: 2027: 2021: 2009: 1997: 1982: 1970: 1627:Great Dismal Swamp maroons 1464:Anti-Slavery International 1229:North Africa and West Asia 43: 36: 29: 35202: 35050: 34829: 34791: 34787: 34776: 34364: 34067: 33885: 33564: 33400:Cross-cultural psychology 33358: 33218:Manipulation (psychology) 33084: 32920: 32916: 32905: 32714: 32703: 32631: 32441: 32409: 32384: 32303:Prison abolition movement 32261:Florida Justice Institute 32237: 32041: 31956: 31916: 31835: 31782: 31657: 31648: 31579: 31533: 31465: 31354: 31339:African Hebrew Israelites 31324: 31278: 31215: 31204: 31184: 31115:Afro-Asians in South Asia 31080: 30993: 30828: 30678: 30463: 30389: 30199: 30185: 30178: 30120: 30061: 29953: 29921: 29888: 29814: 29786: 29773: 29760: 29678: 29635: 29595: 29577: 29496: 29414: 29374: 29283: 29276: 29231: 29134: 29130: 29117: 28980: 28934: 28930: 28901: 28797: 28696: 28658:Guaranteed minimum income 28615: 28456: 28330: 28243:Organizational commitment 28195: 28087: 28054: 27917: 27842: 27719: 27646: 27580: 27367: 27289: 27233: 27083: 26980: 26887: 26854:Right to rest and leisure 26760: 26565: 26558: 26479: 26356: 26189: 25957: 25859: 25748: 25680: 25419: 25296: 25089: 24976:Opposition to immigration 24700: 24330: 24167: 23927: 23877:Race / Ethnicity 23814: 23783: 23685: 23522: 23495: 23460: 23443:To a Southern Slaveholder 23434: 23399: 23231:The Bondwoman's Narrative 23180: 23106:My Bondage and My Freedom 23090:The Life of Josiah Henson 23074:American Slavery as It Is 23049: 23016: 22676: 22632: 22607: 22581: 22534: 22517: 22502:Andreas Matthäus Wolfgang 22391: 22380: 22367: 22327: 22322:Links to related articles 22305:2018 Global Slavery Index 22298: 21919:Slavery in the modern era 21813:Trenchard, David (2008). 21756:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 21748:Resendez, Andres (2016). 21715:. D. Appleton. p. 1. 21681:Parish, Peter J. (2018). 21658:Parish, Peter J. (1989). 21302:10.1017/S0018246X00011171 21281:10.1080/00346769500000007 21194:10.1080/00346760110035572 21106:Wesleyan University Press 21047:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 21011:Postma, Johannes (2005). 20815:Slavery in the Arab World 20230:Stanford University Press 20130:10.1080/13811110701857541 20027:Higginbotham, A. Leon Jr. 19967:Foner, Philip S. (1980). 19942:Ellerman, David Patterson 19806:. New York: Viking Press. 18711:"The law against slavery" 18292:Green, Howard L. (1995). 18174:Clarence-Smith, William. 17840:(Television production). 16870:Global Slavery Index 2013 15929:Columbia University Press 15751:Columbia University Press 15642:. Routledge. p. 17. 15497:. Scottish Mining Website 14764:"Slavery in Ancient Rome" 14577:The Dutch Power in Kerala 14436:10.1017/S1356186302000329 14252:Columbia University Press 13908:McCormack, Gavan (2001). 13432:Palais, James B. (1998). 13395:Seoul National University 13354:Klein, Martin A. (2014). 13073:Stanford University Press 13065:Huang, Philip C. (2001). 13042:Stanford University Press 12408:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 12259:Streissguth, Tom (2009). 11993:10.1017/S002205070003134X 11955:. Alba House. p. 3. 11766:10.1080/00438240120047591 10771:Lodhi, Abdulaziz (2000). 10256:Columbia University Press 10056:10.1017/S0022050700078566 10011:10.1017/S0022050700074623 9891:. New York: Mirror Books. 9833:– via Google Books. 9165:Bergad, Laird W. (2007). 9118:10.1080/00438240120047627 9077:Finley, Moses I. (1980). 8720:[Article Slave]. 8661:10.1017/S0020743816001240 8628:Oxford English Dictionary 7316:Drama, Exploitation film 6752:(representing Zen Master 6558:Emancipation Proclamation 6064: 5937: 5772:Xinjiang internment camps 5590:Trans-Saharan slave trade 5521:– were imported into the 5280:Nobel Prize in Literature 5250: 4941:Edinburgh Evening Courant 4777:for the release of slaves 4674:slavery in Ancient Greece 4639:Slavery in ancient Greece 4627: 4585:The hill tribe people in 4387:existed since before the 4187:Conservation Camp Program 4150:Federal Prison Industries 3691: 3586:Planting the sugar cane, 2939:trans-Saharan slave trade 2856: 2619:Lectures on Jurisprudence 2310:system found in parts of 2211:Trans-Saharan slave trade 2192:all men are created equal 1947: 1882:that most slaves endure. 1728:Emancipation Proclamation 1395:Opposition and resistance 1153:Sex trafficking in Europe 1141:Blackbirding in Polynesia 704:Trans-Saharan slave trade 33750:Mass psychogenic illness 33601:Collective effervescence 33042:Self-fulfilling prophecy 32728:Collective consciousness 32354:The Prison Phoenix Trust 31798:Administrative detention 30381:Turks and Caicos Islands 30094:Pre-industrial East Asia 28827:Aspects of organizations 28508:Involuntary unemployment 28069:Equal pay for equal work 27992:Repetitive strain injury 27498:Professional development 27488:Professional association 27170:Letter of recommendation 26869:Right to social security 26834:Right to Internet access 26779:Equal pay for equal work 26665:Presumption of innocence 24971:Occupational segregation 24740:Compulsory sterilization 23389:The Underground Railroad 23154:The Peculiar Institution 22799:Sarah Jane Woodson Early 22256:, University of London, 22254:Slavery archival sources 21721:Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell 21707:Phillips, Ulrich Bonnell 21444:Harvard University Press 21269:Review of Social Economy 21182:Review of Social Economy 21165:10.1177/0143831x94152010 21093:Shell, Robert Carl-Heinz 21014:The Atlantic Slave Trade 20986:Morgan, Kenneth (2007). 20820:Rowman & Littlefield 20651:Davies, Stephen (2008). 20489:(illustrated ed.). 20378:. Santa Barbara, Calif: 20209:Meltzer, Milton (1993). 20077:Lee, Kenneth B. (1997). 19868:Harvard University Press 19701:Burnham, Philip (1993). 19297:Rowman & Littlefield 18874:Services, Tribune News. 18849:(Review), archived from 18547:Wise, Steven M. (2006). 18440:10.3167/fpcs.2008.260306 18268:"Bartolomé de Las Casas" 17328:business-humanrights.org 16836:"Forced labour – Themes" 16383:Canadian Slavonic Papers 16342:. Anchor. Archived from 16336:(2007). "Introduction". 16018:The Jamestown Foundation 15881:Subtelny, Orest (2000). 15853:The Atlantic Slave Trade 15812:Northrup, David (2002). 15663:Brodman, James William. 15101:. Jewishencyclopedia.com 14863:"The Roman slave supply" 14683:Rowman & Littlefield 14348:Japanese and the Jesuits 14073:Pinto, Jeanette (1992). 13739:(illustrated ed.). 13364:Publishers. p. 13. 13362:Rowman & Littlefield 13198:10.4324/9781315005508-24 12526:Coupeau, Steeve (2008). 12513:Indiana University Press 12202:Childs, Matt D. (2006). 12092:Federal Writers' Project 11951:Panzer, Joel S. (1996). 11677:"Aztec Social Structure" 11593:U.S. Library of Congress 10928:Journal of World History 10827:(4 ed.). Budapest: 10648:Harvard University Press 10250:Kara, Siddharth (2008). 9846:"Slavery and psychiatry" 9426:Indiana University Press 8747: 7930:Historical drama / epic 7217:Angélique and the Sultan 7137:Historical drama / epic 7091:Historical drama / epic 6944: 6859:Commonwealth of Virginia 6647:William Pitt the Younger 6000:forced into prostitution 5863: 5765: 5758:and 24.9 million are in 5584:to the Gulf or Aden, or 5469:Indian Ocean slave trade 5445:), Central Asia (mainly 4936:Indian Slavery Act, 1843 4914:population were slaves. 4794:Council of London (1102) 4561:Indian Slavery Act, 1843 4493:and Indian slaves. King 4370:were serious in nature. 4261:: Biography of Wang Mang 4130:Prison Policy Initiative 3766: 3533:Spanish colonial America 3048:Indian Ocean slave trade 3026:, Ethiopia and Somalia. 2967:Indian Ocean slave trade 2410:Military use of children 2215:Indian Ocean slave trade 1503:Compensated emancipation 714:Indian Ocean slave trade 35090:Eastern Orthodox Church 33631:Culture-bound syndromes 33606:Collective intelligence 32432:Films featuring prisons 32289:Mount Tamalpais College 31943:Prisoner-of-war escapes 31673:Corrective labor colony 29142:Administrative detainee 28812:Aspects of corporations 28774:Slow movement (culture) 28653:Employer of last resort 28555:Structural unemployment 28493:Frictional unemployment 27932:Epilepsy and employment 27819:Performance-related pay 27753:National average salary 27671:996 working hour system 26745:right to be a candidate 26575:Equality before the law 26419:Psychometrics of racism 25869:Anti-miscegenation laws 25499:Internalized oppression 25361:Fighting Discrimination 25351:Fat acceptance movement 25309:Anti-discrimination law 24949:Native American mascots 23560:Films featuring slavery 23024:Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua 22948:William Henry Singleton 22753:Ellen and William Craft 22311:What is Modern Slavery? 22243:"Understanding Slavery" 22060:Hawk, David R. (2012). 21901:Oxford University Press 21529:Engerman, Stanley Lewis 21503:Boles, John B. (2015). 20994:Oxford University Press 20858:Heuman, Gad J. (2003). 20812:Gordon, Murray (1989). 20745:Oxford University Press 20717:Oxford University Press 20573:University of Minnesota 20531:10.1163/157006597x00028 20171:Oxford University Press 20037:Oxford University Press 19975:Oxford University Press 19914:Donoghue, John (2010). 19836:Danver, Steven (2010). 19780:. Vol. 2. Athens: 19751:. Vol. 1. Athens: 19720:Campbell, Gwyn (2004). 19684:Oxford University Press 19659:Law Library of Congress 19231:Oxford University Press 19174:Ltd. pp. 445–467. 18272:Encyclopedia Britannica 18141:Haydon, Benjamin Robert 18000:"Economics and Slavery" 17941:The Morning (Sri Lanka) 16897:, p. 9, Chapter 1. 16234:, pp. 7, 36, 262; 16070:Encyclopædia Britannica 15919:Inalcik, Halil (1979). 15820:Oxford University Press 15774:Lowe, K. J. P. (2005). 15547:Nicolle, David (1995). 15402:Oxford University Press 15371:University of Wisconsin 15218:Jurasinski, S. (2015). 15076:Encyclopedia Britannica 14652:Oxford University Press 14324:. Xlibris Corporation. 14320:Kshetry, Gopal (2008). 14282:Calman, Donald (2013). 14225:Daigaku, Jōchi (2004). 13923:Lidin, Olof G. (2002). 13831:Oxford University Press 13829:. Vol. 1. Oxford: 13786:Oxford University Press 13784:. Vol. 3. Oxford: 13612:Tierney, Helen (1999). 12883:University of Edinburgh 12507:Moitt, Bernard (2001). 12433:"Who removed Aristide?" 11795:Donald, Leland (1997). 11734:Encyclopædia Britannica 10531:Oxford University Press 10512:Encyclopædia Britannica 9844:Schaler, J. A. (2003). 9148:Oxford University Press 9004:Oxford University Press 8688:Encyclopædia Britannica 8418:Encyclopædia Britannica 8344:Oxford University Press 6991:'s attacks on slavery. 6914:Reparations for slavery 6899:In 2010, Libyan leader 6848:reparations for slavery 6783:The Slave Route Project 6452:A painting of the 1840 6284:1926 Slavery Convention 6269:Treaty of Jeddah (1927) 6254:Battle of Little Bereby 6058:Slave trade suppression 5870:Second Libyan Civil War 5798:Abercrombie & Fitch 5744:2022 World Cup in Qatar 5634:Trafficking of children 5582:across the Indian Ocean 5017:Cantigas de Santa Maria 5005:between 1474 and 1569. 4784:was so common that the 4643:Slavery in ancient Rome 4633:Ancient Greece and Rome 4389:Three Kingdoms of Korea 3786:of the Catholic priest 3160:The Partition of Africa 3109:for a 250-year period: 2510:, who utilise the term 2054:derives from Byzantine 1961: 1427:1926 Slavery Convention 1183:Germany in World War II 800:North and South America 322:Contract of manumission 35531:Social constructionism 35189:Unitarian Universalism 33993:Observational learning 33721:In-group and out-group 33661:False consensus effect 33340:Suppression of dissent 33238:Moral entrepreneurship 33208:Ideological repression 33196:Historical revisionism 32732:Collective unconscious 32066:Contemplative programs 31773:Youth detention center 31625:Prisoner of conscience 31369:Anti-African sentiment 29558: 28822:Aspects of occupations 28628:Unemployment insurance 28580:Unemployment extension 28550:Reserve army of labour 28355:Constructive dismissal 28162:Sleeping while on duty 28127:Exploitation of labour 28009:Sick building syndrome 27185:Person–environment fit 27055:Independent contractor 26605:Freedom of information 26590:Freedom of association 26384:Ethnic plastic surgery 25879:Biological determinism 25618:Social identity threat 25591:Reverse discrimination 25581:Racial color blindness 25061:Violence against women 25041:Sex-selective abortion 23408:Amos Fortune, Free Man 22642:Juan Francisco Manzano 22617:Marie-Joseph Angélique 22525:Brigitta Scherzenfeldt 22508:Johann Georg Wolffgang 22490:Guðríður Símonardóttir 22429:James Leander Cathcart 22192:University of Virginia 22152:. ReadHowYouWant.com. 22126:. St. Martin's Press. 21488:. Icon Books Limited. 21341:10.1006/jcec.1994.1115 21290:The Historical Journal 20546:Toppin, Edgar (2010). 19726:. London: Frank Cass. 19554:Arasaratnam, Sinnappah 19538:. New Delhi: Manohar. 19532:Arasaratnam, Sinnappah 19469:. Ama. africatoday.com 19322:Deburg, William L. Van 19086:on September 30, 2007. 17246:globalslaveryindex.org 17242:"Global Slavery Index" 15968:10.18647/2730/JJS-2007 15935:on September 11, 2009. 15638:Davies, Brian (2007). 13826:Encyclopedia of Africa 13821:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 13776:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 13588:. Hollym. p. 14. 12438:London Review of Books 11520:Gates, Henry Louis Jr. 11248:The SHAFR Guide Online 10858:. Wiley. p. 615. 10481:Cobb, Thomas (1999) . 9865:10.1192/bjp.183.1.77-a 9635:The Hamilton Spectator 9144:Colonial Latin America 7889:Historical soap opera 6965: 6928:statute of limitations 6884:On July 30, 2008, the 6817: 6803:crime against humanity 6737: 6599: 6592:Joseph Jenkins Roberts 6584: 6522:Bartolomé de las Casas 6481: 6461: 6233:Bombardment of Johanna 6141:Brazil Squadron (U.S.) 6136:Africa Squadron (U.S.) 5678: 5651: 5549: 5498: 5390: 5337: 5319:has come to represent 5313: 5270:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn 5221: 5171: 5127: 5067: 5020: 4974:Ottoman wars in Europe 4970:Byzantine-Ottoman wars 4965: 4946:history of coal mining 4817: 4809: 4778: 4669: 4666:Schnorr von Carolsfeld 4381: 4242:of Shouxiang, had his 4221: 4090: 3954: 3879:fetuses, or committed 3849: 3825: 3814: 3796:French colonial period 3788:Bartolomé de las Casas 3739: 3729:began long before the 3723: 3708: 3706:Johann Moritz Rugendas 3663: 3657: 3643: 3602: 3591: 3566: 3461:Bartolomé de las Casas 3436: 3241: 3212: 3202: 3138: 3121:bombardment of Algiers 3116: 3097: 2934: 2818: 2680: 2666: 2650: 2630: 2596: 2495:have applied the term 2456:Other uses of the term 2342: 2160: 2148: 2136: 2050: 2043: 1897: 1857:punishment for a crime 908:British Virgin Islands 460:Circassian slave trade 426:Safavid imperial harem 421:Ottoman Imperial Harem 32:Slave (disambiguation) 35080:Chinese folk religion 33780:Political correctness 33775:Pluralistic ignorance 33464:Identity (philosophy) 33290:Religious persecution 33273:Psychological warfare 33253:Political engineering 33104:Argumentum ad populum 32962:Collective narcissism 32940:Attitude polarization 32317:Prison-Ashram Project 31421:Civil rights movement 31309:Afro-Caribbean people 30618:Chestnut Ridge people 30540:African-American Jews 30342:Saint Kitts and Nevis 30099:Pre-industrial Europe 28832:Aspects of workplaces 28570:Unemployment benefits 28565:Types of unemployment 28503:Graduate unemployment 28397:Letter of resignation 28026:Workers' compensation 28019:Occupational fatality 27528:Vocational university 27128:Employment counsellor 26917:Intersex human rights 26725:Right of self-defense 26680:Right to a fair trial 26304:In Jewish communities 26282:Hispanic & Latino 25586:Religious intolerance 25546:Political correctness 25376:Intersex human rights 25324:Cultural assimilation 25006:Religious persecution 24770:Disability hate crime 24545:Jewish / Antisemitism 23357:Walk Through Darkness 23293:Underground to Canada 22906:Jermain Wesley Loguen 22851:(1848/1854 VA – 1957) 22778:Ayuba Suleiman Diallo 22594:Konstantin Mihailović 22542:Lovisa von Burghausen 22283:Encyclopedia Virginia 22216:University of Houston 22208:"Slavery Fact Sheets" 21996:Bales, Kevin (2007). 20612:Surveys and reference 20550:. Allyn & Bacon. 20261:10.1515/9781400857760 19933:10.1086/ahr.115.4.943 19811:Conway, John (2008). 19782:Ohio University Press 19772:Miller, Joseph Calder 19753:Ohio University Press 19743:Miller, Joseph Calder 19703:"Selling Poor Steven" 19603:Bales, Kevin (2004). 18242:. 2011. p. 155. 18214:. 2009. p. 165. 18060:Amnesty International 17923:on November 20, 2018. 17780:. February 20, 2014. 17634:Amnesty International 16784:. BBC. Archived from 16443:John Wiley & Sons 16346:on September 5, 2017. 15396:Hudson, John (2012). 15268:Yale University Press 14789:Harper, Kyle (2011). 14581:Slavery in Travancore 13961:Stanley, Amy (2012). 13817:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 13772:Appiah, Kwame Anthony 13097:"Kao-li maid-servant" 12922:10.2972/hesp.76.1.229 12773:"1860 Census Results" 12751:christianitytoday.com 12729:National Park Service 12324:dominiopublico.gov.br 11953:The Popes and Slavery 11903:Hanke, Lewis (1974). 11687:on February 23, 2011. 11493:Le Monde diplomatique 11055:on September 24, 2018 9947:. merriam-webster.com 9818:Szasz, Thomas Stephen 9610:on September 24, 2015 9541:on February 13, 2008. 9493:on December 23, 2009. 8954:Brace, Laura (2004). 8631:(2nd ed.). 1989. 8424:on February 23, 2007. 8281:Involuntary servitude 8205:The Birth of a Nation 7498:The Viceroy of Ouidah 7087:The Birth of a Nation 7002:Civil Rights Movement 6972:The Birth of a Nation 6958: 6949:Further information: 6812: 6793:On May 21, 2001, the 6748:, Bhikkhuni Thich Nu 6733: 6590: 6579: 6475: 6451: 5721:U.S. State Department 5687:debt bondage in India 5673: 5649: 5544:Persian slave in the 5543: 5493: 5380: 5325: 5299: 5275:The Gulag Archipelago 5219: 5169: 5122: 5061:The maritime town of 5011: 4959: 4916:William the Conqueror 4769: 4654: 4647:Black Sea slave trade 4495:Sebastian of Portugal 4376: 4211: 4075: 4034:Alexis de Tocqueville 3995:Congress, during the 3986:slave and free states 3976:and was legal in all 3944: 3857:Jean-Baptiste Colbert 3820: 3808: 3720:Jacques Étienne Arago 3714: 3699: 3637: 3597: 3585: 3432: 3282:Further information: 3220: 3214:Le Monde diplomatique 3192: 3129: 3111: 3106:Barbary slave traders 3091: 2928: 2816: 2672: 2656: 2648: 2628: 2590: 2450:Marriage by abduction 2436:Marriage by abduction 2340: 2256:in the Trucial States 2154: 2142: 2131: 2109:People-first language 1888: 1147:Europe and North Asia 1107:Australia and Oceania 807:Pre-Columbian America 379:Slave raid of Suðuroy 311:Slavery in al-Andalus 233:Black Sea slave trade 162:21st-century jihadism 35444:Naturalism (Western) 35439:Naturalism (Chinese) 35351:Renaissance humanism 33907:Conceptual framework 33872:System justification 33711:Hysterical contagion 33295:Religious uniformity 33278:Religious conversion 33134:Cognitive dissonance 33032:Selective perception 32883:Theory of everything 32853:Primal world beliefs 32838:Philosophical theory 32501:Ireland, Republic of 32191:Solitary confinement 31752:Prisoner-of-war camp 31379:Atlantic slave trade 31067:United Arab Emirates 29956: or countries 29767:By country or region 29005:Class discrimination 28638:Job creation program 28414:Mandatory retirement 28367:Employee offboarding 28187:Workplace incivility 28182:Workplace harassment 27957:Occupational disease 27952:Occupational burnout 27867:Disability insurance 27711:Workweek and weekend 27518:Vocational education 27433:Continuing education 27271:Permanent employment 26804:Right to development 26685:Right to family life 26635:Freedom from torture 26620:Freedom from slavery 26394:Herrenvolk democracy 24991:Political repression 23980:Anti-left handedness 23970:Anti-intellectualism 23555:Caribbean literature 23545:Atlantic slave trade 23098:Twelve Years a Slave 22991:Booker T. Washington 22793:Jordan Winston Early 22258:Senate House Library 22222:on February 9, 2014. 22120:Sage, Jesse (2015). 22102:Slave: My True Story 22021:Craig, Gary (2007). 21954:Taylor & Francis 21815:"Slavery in America" 21639:. New York: Norton. 21631:Morgan, Edmund Sears 21625:on November 6, 2006. 21436:Berlin, Ira (2009). 21065:Rodriguez, Junius P. 20917:. Aditya Prakashan. 20843:. Turtleback Books. 20667:. pp. 464–469. 20571:(PhD). Vol. 1. 20370:Rodriguez, Junius P. 20342:Rodriguez, Junius P. 19981:on October 14, 2013. 19950:Blackwell Publishing 19860:Davis, Natalie Zemon 19172:Blackwell Publishing 19049:on February 25, 2014 19043:Agence France-Presse 18843:"Alcohol and Slaves" 18814:Person-Lynn, Kwaku. 18471:Taylor & Francis 17852:– via YouTube. 17804:"Modern day slavery" 17696:. January 21, 2014. 17629:"Issues North Korea" 17606:The New Humanitarian 17381:Agence France-Presse 16568:New York Daily Times 16419:. #7. Archived from 16279:, pp. 170–179; 16076:on October 16, 2014. 16027:on October 21, 2013. 16007:Glyn Williams, Brian 15580:on November 19, 2017 15404:. pp. 424–425. 15377:on February 14, 2005 14918:Storming the Heavens 14770:on February 22, 2010 14488:, pp. 201–253; 14345:Moran, J.F. (2012). 13869:(reprint ed.). 13741:Taylor & Francis 13391:Working Paper Series 13192:, pp. 500–503, 13186:Chinese Civilization 12571:on January 20, 2023. 12557:Wood, Peter (2003). 12529:The History of Haiti 12263:Suriname in Pictures 12177:"Jamaican History I" 12028:, pp. 943–974; 11890:papalencyclicals.net 11872:papalencyclicals.net 11836:"The World Factbook" 11467:Foner, Eric (2012). 11311:on December 30, 2007 11029:Asquith, Christina. 10619:on December 30, 2007 10138:Helper, Hinton Rowan 9973:on December 21, 2020 9794:Simon & Schuster 9744:on October 12, 2007. 9451:Encyclopædia Iranica 9397:Guilty Without Trial 9376:. September 21, 2018 9350:. September 15, 2016 9226:. pp. 110–111. 8899:on October 24, 2020. 8346:. pp. 199–219. 8291:List of slave owners 8146:Twelve Years a Slave 8017:Owen 'Alik Shahadah 7959:Doris Kearns Goodwin 7247:Angélique in Barbary 7036:Tomás Gutiérrez Alea 6869:On August 24, 2007, 6807:Atlantic slave trade 6695:Anti-Slavery Society 6674:West Africa Squadron 6542:Underground Railroad 6534:internal slave trade 5751:Walk Free Foundation 5622:Contemporary slavery 5616:Contemporary slavery 5481:Venetian slave trade 5471:; from Asia via the 4928:Slave Trade Act 1807 4910:, nearly 10% of the 4581:Slavery in Malaysia 4577:Slavery in Indonesia 4331:In the 17th century 4212:A contract from the 4154:solitary confinement 4039:Democracy in America 3912:free people of color 3896:free people of color 3836:was divided between 3776:Christopher Columbus 3567:Código Negro Español 3407:Atlantic slave trade 3335:of Georgia, and the 3284:Atlantic slave trade 3207:Atlantic slave trade 3179:indentured servitude 3024:Indian Ocean islands 2843:Neolithic Revolution 2833:-rich rivers of the 2809:Slavery in antiquity 2775:Province of New York 2610:separation of powers 2508:anarcho-syndicalists 1602:Indentured servitude 1530:Underground Railroad 1330:United Arab Emirates 719:Zanzibar slave trade 686:By country or region 499:Atlantic slave trade 401:Ma malakat aymanukum 285:Venetian slave trade 46:Slave Labour (mural) 35625:Human rights abuses 34857:Christian democracy 33820:Social facilitation 33716:Information cascade 33651:Emotional contagion 33589:Collective behavior 33551:Symbolic boundaries 33405:Cultural psychology 33149:Cultural dissonance 33022:Observer-expectancy 33017:Observational error 33002:In-group favoritism 32747:Conventional wisdom 32368:Prison Reform Trust 31268:Sierra Leone Creole 31119:India and Pakistan 30364:Trinidad and Tobago 30214:Antigua and Barbuda 29488:Vanniar (Chieftain) 28543:Recession-proof job 28538:Lists of recessions 28476:Economic depression 28424:Retirement planning 28305:Work–life interface 28142:Employee monitoring 28110:Corporate behaviour 28100:Accounting scandals 27982:Occupational stress 27972:Occupational injury 27508:Reflective practice 27503:Professional school 27225:Work-at-home scheme 27145:Induction programme 27123:Employment contract 27103:Business networking 26615:Freedom of religion 26610:Freedom of movement 26585:Freedom of assembly 26567:Civil and political 26414:Perpetual foreigner 25494:Historical eugenics 25031:Segregation academy 25011:Religious terrorism 24800:Enemy of the people 24708:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 24212:Jehovah's Witnesses 24100:Perpetual foreigner 23550:Captivity narrative 23381:The Book of Negroes 23162:The Slave Community 23026:(1845–1847, Brazil) 22953:James Lindsay Smith 22860:John Andrew Jackson 22795:(1814 – after 1894) 22749:(1845 KY – 1938 OH) 22742:William Wells Brown 22701:Jared Maurice Arter 22696:William J. Anderson 22589:Johann Schiltberger 22183:Library of Congress 21946:Brass, Tom (2015). 21829:. pp. 469–70. 21553:Genovese, Eugene D. 20787:Eden, Jeff (2018). 20398:Salisbury, Joyce E. 20194:Government of India 20060:Infobase Publishing 19998:. pp. 68–106. 19948:. Cambridge, Mass: 19396:The History Teacher 19270:on November 6, 2018 18935:. February 25, 2007 18853:on January 22, 2005 18655:. November 13, 2002 18607:. February 28, 2007 18581:on January 28, 2009 18266:(January 4, 2021). 17609:. December 11, 2012 16846:on February 9, 2010 16816:. September 8, 2014 14947:Noy, David (2000). 14870:Stanford University 14486:Subrahmanyam (1997) 14227:Monumenta Nipponica 14200:Monumenta Nipponica 13554:. pp. 140–41. 13519:, pp. 162–163. 13422:, pp. 153–157. 13401:on November 6, 2018 13339:, pp. 392–393. 13034:Zhao, Gang (1986). 12975:, pp. 146–147. 12045:. Virtual Jamestown 12030:Higginbotham (1978) 11940:on October 3, 2006. 11934:"Health In Slavery" 11874:. January 13, 1435. 11621:Genocide: a history 11599:on February 7, 2021 11363:. September 3, 2001 11304:National Geographic 10825:A History of Africa 10821:Fage, John Donnelly 10533:. pp. 88–110. 10489:. pp. 268–269. 10340:Early Latin America 9823:Psychiatric Slavery 8306:Slave-owning slaves 8262:Bodmin manumissions 7893:The Taylan Brothers 7803:Marco Kreuzpaintner 6823:In 1999, President 6763:Groups such as the 6746:Mātā Amṛtānandamayī 6727:. Article 4 of the 6677:50 African rulers. 6643:William Wilberforce 6615:, whose opinion in 6550:slave or free state 6538:legally emancipated 6494:Indian subcontinent 5926:and groups such as 5834:Marks & Spencer 5792:from the region of 5606:Red Sea slave trade 5554:Bukhara slave trade 5514:Crimean slave trade 5485:Barbary slave trade 5473:Bukhara slave trade 5465:Red Sea slave trade 5402: 1760 BC 5086:massive slave trade 5069:Mercado de Escravos 4758:Crimean slave trade 4754:Barbary slave trade 4044:James Henry Hammond 4023:William Wells Brown 4009:Kansas-Nebraska Act 3982:American Revolution 3974:early colonial days 3847:The French-enacted 3822:1804 Haiti massacre 3588:British West Indies 3494:" was pioneered by 3068:African Great Lakes 2983:Indian subcontinent 2977:islands (including 2963:Red Sea slave trade 2599:Scottish economist 2491:Some proponents of 2474:anarcho-capitalists 2219:Red Sea slave trade 1843:. In the course of 1693:Slave Route Project 819:Americas indigenous 709:Red Sea slave trade 699:Contemporary Africa 562:Topics and practice 332:Crimean slave trade 327:Bukhara slave trade 280:Genoese slave trade 157:Contemporary Africa 137:Forced prostitution 35555:Post-structuralism 34309:natural philosophy 33691:Group polarization 33676:Group cohesiveness 33325:Social engineering 33223:Media manipulation 33144:Crowd manipulation 33129:Circular reporting 33047:Clever Hans effect 33027:Selective exposure 32375:WriteAPrisoner.com 32138:Protective custody 31687:Extermination camp 31618:Political prisoner 31411:Black Lives Matter 31018:Ethiopian Israelis 30668:African immigrants 30643:Louisiana Redbones 30579:Chickasaw freedmen 30508:African immigrants 30276:Dominican Republic 30069:18th-century Spain 29923:Standard of living 29627:Upper middle class 29622:Lower middle class 29213:Political prisoner 28995:Chattering classes 28967:Spoon class theory 28806:See also templates 28643:Job creation index 28607:Youth unemployment 28471:Discouraged worker 28360:Wrongful dismissal 28340:At-will employment 28213:Civil conscription 28177:Workplace bullying 28064:Affirmative action 28046:Workplace wellness 27977:Occupational noise 27618:Long service leave 27478:Overspecialization 27458:Induction training 27413:Career development 26932:Right to sexuality 26809:Right to education 26735:Security of person 26630:Freedom of thought 26444:Racial integration 26424:Race and sexuality 26229:Japanese Americans 25949:Racial segregation 25939:Racial nationalism 25406:Social integration 25401:Self-determination 25391:Racial integration 25339:Diversity training 25329:Cultural pluralism 25304:Affirmative action 25204:Racial segregation 25114:Crime of apartheid 25016:Religious violence 24509:Indigenous people 23904:Sexual orientation 23504:Unchained Memories 23009:(b. c. 1780 Congo) 22783:Frederick Douglass 22554:Ukawsaw Gronniosaw 22453:Maria ter Meetelen 22249:on March 26, 2010. 21780:Slavery in Alabama 21578:American Quarterly 21362:10.1007/bf00149085 21225:(421): 1560–1561. 20861:The Slavery Reader 20735:Davis, David Brion 20707:Davis, David Brion 20438:Ashgate Publishing 19299:. pp. 54–56. 18329:The New York Times 18090:Women News Network 17812:. January 25, 2018 17401:(April 11, 2017). 17387:on April 12, 2017. 17377:Nation Media Group 17304:on August 24, 2020 17294:"Uyghurs for Sale" 17064:The New York Times 16993:. January 23, 2003 16991:Human Rights Watch 16957:The New York Times 16516:History of Slavery 16238:, pp. 735–743 16092:Nordisk familjebok 15884:Ukraine: A History 15693:on March 10, 2008. 14926:. pp. 43–44. 14834:. November 5, 2009 14799:. pp. 59–60. 14591:(The Hague, 1918). 14514:Arasaratnam (1996) 14506:Arasaratnam (1995) 13156:. pp. 45–46. 12793:(August 9, 2010). 12624:. Ayer Publishing. 11655:. pp. 30–31. 11529:The New York Times 11522:(April 22, 2010). 11139:Palgrave Macmillan 10421:The New York Times 9535:Human Rights Watch 9052:Harvard University 8740:Dostoevsky, Fyodor 8606:on January 6, 2014 8584:on April 30, 2019. 8524:on January 6, 2018 7514:Alex Haley's Queen 7409:Alex Haley's Roots 7399:Bernardo Guimarães 6984:The Santa Fe Trail 6978:Gone with the Wind 6966: 6710:French West Africa 6600: 6585: 6554:American Civil War 6482: 6462: 6104:Blockade of Africa 5928:Human Rights Watch 5683:Human Rights Watch 5679: 5652: 5586:across the Red Sea 5562:Khivan slave trade 5550: 5499: 5477:Prague slave trade 5429:Sub-Saharan Africa 5391: 5331:is an acronym for 5222: 5172: 5128: 5021: 4966: 4924:Somerset v Stewart 4790:Council of Koblenz 4779: 4771:Adalbert of Prague 4750:Balkan slave trade 4702:Roman Servile Wars 4670: 4557:East India Company 4549:Henry Bartle Frere 4382: 4222: 4091: 4079:The Old Plantation 3966:American Civil War 3955: 3923:Haitian Revolution 3826: 3815: 3724: 3709: 3644: 3603: 3592: 3541:brought the first 3437: 3327:of the Andes, the 3203: 3139: 3098: 3083:plantation economy 2935: 2819: 2803:History of slavery 2681: 2667: 2651: 2631: 2597: 2569:economies of scale 2416:Human Rights Watch 2343: 2230:in 1924–1926, the 2161: 2149: 2137: 1952:was borrowed into 1898: 1817:§ Terminology 1469:Blockade of Africa 776:Somali slave trade 692:Sub-Saharan Africa 384:Turkish Abductions 342:Khivan slave trade 337:Khazar slave trade 290:Balkan slave trade 248:Prague slave trade 35597: 35596: 35591: 35590: 35587: 35586: 35583: 35582: 35565:Transcendentalism 35521:Neo-scholasticism 35502:Neopythagoreanism 34952:Industrialisation 34892:Constitutionalism 34772: 34771: 34768: 34767: 34590:political freedom 34107:mind–body problem 33900:tacit assumptions 33852:Spontaneous order 33842:Social psychology 33795:Self-organization 33139:Critical thinking 32901: 32900: 32868:School of thought 32757:Cultural movement 32737:Conceptual system 32663: 32662: 32599:England and Wales 32339:Prison Legal News 32324:Prison Fellowship 32282:Justice Defenders 31952: 31951: 31556:Prison healthcare 31493: 31492: 31461: 31460: 31374:Anti-Black racism 31314:British Jamaicans 31304:African Americans 31289:African Americans 31243:Americo-Liberians 31228:African Americans 31200: 31199: 31023:Sudanese refugees 30824: 30823: 30594:Seminole freedmen 30574:Cherokee freedmen 30555:Black Southerners 30530:African Americans 30478:African Americans 30138: 30137: 30116: 30115: 30112: 30111: 29949: 29948: 29756: 29755: 29752: 29751: 29748: 29747: 29650:Lumpenproletariat 29152:illegal immigrant 29113: 29112: 29025:Classless society 28855: 28854: 28754:Post-work society 28734:Kiss up kick down 28466:Barriers to entry 28431:Severance package 28263:Human trafficking 28157:Sexual harassment 28137:Employee handbook 28056:Equal opportunity 27919:Safety and health 27909:Take-home vehicle 27523:Vocational school 27473:Lifelong learning 27448:Further education 27408:Career counseling 27403:Career assessment 27180:Overqualification 26940: 26939: 26839:Right to property 26799:Right to clothing 26784:Fair remuneration 26752:Right to homeland 26700:Right to petition 26625:Freedom of speech 26517: 26516: 26265:African Americans 26212:Chinese Americans 25909:Ethnic stereotype 25708: 25707: 25576:Racism by country 25504:Intersectionality 25489:Heteronormativity 25288:Voter suppression 25036:Sexual harassment 24835:Forced conversion 24755:Cultural genocide 24408:African Americans 24222:post–Cold War era 24207:Eastern Orthodoxy 23965:Anti-drug addicts 23960:Anti-homelessness 23887:Scientific racism 23743: 23742: 23644: 23643: 23416:I, Juan de Pareja 23400:Young adult books 23207:Uncle Tom's Cabin 23050:Non-fiction books 23045: 23044: 23002:Harriet E. Wilson 22886:Elizabeth Keckley 22732:Henry "Box" Brown 22650:(1860–1965, Cuba) 22644:(1797–1854, Cuba) 22599:George of Hungary 22574:(1792 – fl. 1828) 22159:978-1-4596-0221-2 22133:978-1-250-08310-4 22112:978-0-7867-3897-7 22105:. PublicAffairs. 22086:on March 13, 2015 22076:978-0-615-62367-2 22037:978-1-85935-573-2 22013:978-0-520-25470-1 21988:978-0-520-93207-4 21963:978-1-317-82735-1 21938:978-3-906756-87-5 21910:978-0-19-502470-8 21885:978-0-521-65267-4 21844:978-1-4129-6580-4 21794:978-0-8173-0594-9 21765:978-0-544-60267-0 21740:978-1-57003-678-1 21698:978-0-429-97694-0 21673:978-0-06-437001-1 21646:978-0-393-05554-2 21568:978-0-307-77272-5 21544:978-0-8047-3521-6 21520:978-0-8131-5786-3 21495:978-1-84831-413-9 21474:978-1-59558-763-3 21453:978-0-674-02082-5 21428:978-0-8122-2417-7 21400:978-0-465-09768-5 21136:978-0-87169-040-1 21115:978-0-8195-5273-0 21084:978-0-313-33273-9 21056:978-0-547-64098-3 21028:978-0-8130-2906-1 21003:978-0-19-156627-1 20978:978-0-8101-3342-6 20953:978-0-299-07334-3 20924:978-81-85689-67-8 20900:978-0-521-54110-7 20875:978-0-415-21304-2 20850:978-0-613-34472-2 20829:978-0-941533-30-0 20804:978-1-108-63732-9 20779:978-1-139-48296-7 20754:978-0-19-988083-6 20726:978-0-19-505639-6 20682:978-1-4129-6580-4 20643:978-0-385-35325-0 20582:978-0-591-92325-4 20557:978-1-4759-6172-0 20500:978-0-521-23150-3 20447:978-1-4094-7223-0 20417:978-0-313-32543-4 20389:978-1-85109-544-5 20361:978-0-87436-885-7 20333:978-0-511-58406-0 20319:The Mughal Empire 20295:978-0-521-25758-9 20270:978-1-4008-5776-0 20239:978-0-8047-2933-8 20180:978-0-19-505326-5 20094:978-0-275-95823-7 20069:978-1-60413-217-5 20046:978-0-19-502745-7 20005:978-0-8203-2076-2 19959:978-1-55786-309-6 19877:978-0-674-00821-2 19866:. Cambridge, MA: 19851:978-1-59884-078-0 19828:978-1-59845-070-5 19819:Enslow Publishers 19791:978-0-8214-1725-6 19762:978-0-8214-1723-2 19733:978-1-135-75917-9 19693:978-0-19-638074-2 19640:. Princeton, NJ: 19595:978-0-520-21797-3 19567:978-0-86078-579-8 19545:978-81-7304-075-7 19306:978-0-8476-9947-6 19240:978-0-19-804436-9 19189:978-1-118-32267-3 19079:The Baltimore Sun 18822:on April 18, 2008 18560:978-1-84413-430-4 18397:978-1-57181-432-6 18305:978-0-8135-2113-8 18249:978-0-313-33143-5 18221:978-0-618-99238-6 18188:on March 29, 2017 18036:on March 23, 2015 17581:on March 23, 2022 17448:on March 30, 2019 17028:978-1-61219-003-7 16917:978-92-2-115360-3 16760:978-90-247-1779-8 16679:978-9950-385-84-9 16592:. Avalanche Press 16460:978-1-4443-3838-6 16423:on May 14, 2011. 16051:978-0-19-533402-9 15898:978-0-8020-8390-6 15867:978-1-139-48911-9 15829:978-0-19-514084-2 15791:978-0-521-81582-6 15760:978-0-231-03159-2 15717:978-0-9650493-7-5 15649:978-0-415-23986-8 15553:Osprey Publishing 15549:"The Janissaries" 15533:978-0-7190-1825-1 15411:978-0-19-163003-3 15277:978-0-300-12535-1 15260:Foot, S. (2011). 15235:978-1-107-08341-7 15197:978-1-85109-705-0 15159:978-0-521-08709-4 15057:978-0-8091-4134-0 15050:. Paulist Press. 15027:978-0-7538-2056-8 14958:978-0-7156-2952-9 14933:978-0-8133-3523-0 14900:978-0-521-53501-4 14806:978-1-139-50406-5 14692:978-0-8108-7528-9 14661:978-0-19-522151-0 14558:(The Hague, 1962) 14394:978-1-84718-111-4 14362:978-1-134-88112-3 14331:978-1-4691-0244-3 14299:978-1-134-91843-0 14261:978-0-231-51509-2 14231:Sophia University 14156:978-0-02-864781-4 14129:978-85-268-0436-4 14084:978-81-7040-587-0 14052:978-85-268-0436-4 14016:978-0-14-008098-8 13978:978-0-520-95238-6 13940:978-1-135-78871-1 13884:978-0-521-52750-7 13840:978-0-19-533770-9 13795:978-0-19-517055-9 13750:978-0-415-20857-4 13719:978-1-317-14718-3 13629:978-0-313-31071-3 13595:978-1-56591-177-2 13561:978-1-4384-3777-4 13491:978-1-4384-3777-4 13449:978-89-7141-441-5 13440:Yonsei University 13371:978-0-8108-7528-9 13275:978-0-520-22236-6 13237:978-0-295-97644-0 13207:978-1-315-00550-8 13163:978-0-520-05462-2 13082:978-0-8047-4111-8 13051:978-0-8047-1271-2 13020:978-0-313-01524-3 12864:978-90-04-34661-1 12791:Coates, Ta-Nehisi 12735:on July 14, 2007. 12709:978-0-465-00071-5 12694:Behrendt, Stephen 12679:978-0-226-55933-9 12648:978-0-590-37228-2 12599:978-0-8130-0323-8 12543:978-0-313-34089-5 12497:, pp. 27–53. 12481:978-0-521-52470-4 12417:978-0-547-64098-3 12378:on March 22, 2023 12348:on March 13, 2015 12278:978-1-57505-964-8 12245:978-1-870518-54-3 12217:978-0-8078-5772-4 12183:on August 5, 2013 12105:978-1-60354-045-2 12077:978-1-4429-6090-9 11810:978-0-520-91811-5 11757:World Archaeology 11715:978-1-4408-5097-4 11662:978-0-8018-8039-1 11631:978-0-582-50601-5 11589:countrystudies.us 11407:978-90-247-1956-3 11148:978-1-4039-4551-8 11114:978-93-81411-09-4 11087:978-90-04-02104-4 11037:on March 6, 2016. 11003:978-90-04-02104-4 10935:on April 11, 2016 10908:978-1-135-45670-2 10865:978-0-471-84480-8 10838:978-0-415-25248-5 10784:978-91-7346-377-5 10733:Ogot, Bethwell A. 10673:"Slaves in Saudi" 10657:978-0-674-05271-0 10548:978-0-19-959516-7 10467:978-0-691-19016-7 10282:. April 30, 2016. 10265:978-0-231-13960-1 10212:978-0-521-62891-4 10174:978-0-8203-2076-2 10118:on April 23, 2008 9803:978-0-7432-3787-1 9641:on March 26, 2017 9511:. August 13, 2007 9435:978-0-253-11671-0 9333:, pp. 15–18. 9233:978-0-87140-672-9 9222:(1st. ed.). 9220:New England Bound 9146:(10th ed.). 9105:World Archaeology 9058:on April 11, 2021 9021:978-0-19-938113-5 8971:978-0-7486-1535-3 8892:978-3-948287-06-1 8858:978-3-8252-1888-1 8843:[Slave]. 8551:on August 4, 2011 8464:978-1-4833-1147-0 8353:978-0-19-164535-8 8252: 8251: 8209:Historical drama 8166:Historical drama 8106:Historical drama 8068:Quentin Tarantino 7886: 7851:Historical drama 7847:The Slave Hunters 7747:Historical drama 7712:Iván Dariel Ortíz 7708:Historical drama 7521:Historical drama 7518: 7416:Historical drama 7413: 7364: 7320:Richard Fleischer 7179:Historical drama 7123:Thomas Dixon, Jr. 7016:Third Servile War 6994:Song of the South 6935:The Brattle Group 6702:David Livingstone 6311: 6310: 6109:Kanunname of 1889 5987:human trafficking 5701:Arabian Peninsula 5395:Code of Hammurabi 5259: 5146:until 1723, when 4987:Battle of Lepanto 4985:ended. After the 4706:Third Servile War 4573:Slavery in Brunei 4547:According to Sir 3978:Thirteen Colonies 3962:African Americans 3830:Treaty of Ryswick 3727:Slavery in Brazil 3527:Thirteen Colonies 3515:Johnson v. Parker 3463:, a 16th-century 3351:European settlers 3345:was practiced by 3343:Slavery in Canada 3313:Slavery in Mexico 3304:Slavery in Brazil 3262:, the kingdom of 3029:According to the 2971:Arabian Peninsula 2863:Slavery in Africa 2851:child abandonment 2835:Pacific Northwest 2757:and French ruled 2358:Human trafficking 2234:in 1932, and the 2224:League of Nations 2169:personal property 1926:domestic servants 1918:human trafficking 1868:personal property 1790: 1789: 1740:Freedmen's Bureau 1557:Third Servile War 1552:International law 1119:Human trafficking 881:Human trafficking 556:Thirteen colonies 374:Sack of Baltimore 142:Human trafficking 16:(Redirected from 35642: 35253:New Confucianism 35127:Korean shamanism 35097:Ethnic religions 35027:Social democracy 34902:Environmentalism 34882:Communitarianism 34847:Authoritarianism 34789: 34788: 34778: 34777: 34408:Codes of conduct 34059:World disclosure 34047:consensus theory 33815:Social exclusion 33621:Crowd psychology 33616:Consensus theory 33579:Bandwagon effect 33516:Rites of passage 33330:Social influence 33263:Propaganda model 33228:Media regulation 33057:wishful thinking 33007:Magical thinking 32918: 32917: 32907: 32906: 32770:World folk-epics 32705: 32704: 32690: 32683: 32676: 32667: 32666: 32656: 32652: 32651: 32644: 32640: 32639: 32624: 32615: 32608: 32606:Northern Ireland 32601: 32594: 32587: 32582: 32575: 32566: 32559: 32552: 32545: 32538: 32531: 32524: 32517: 32510: 32503: 32496: 32489: 32482: 32475: 32468: 32461: 32454: 32434: 32427: 32420: 32402: 32395: 32377: 32370: 32363: 32356: 32349: 32342: 32333: 32326: 32319: 32312: 32305: 32298: 32291: 32284: 32277: 32270: 32263: 32256: 32249: 32228: 32221: 32214: 32207: 32200: 32193: 32186: 32179: 32170: 32163: 32154: 32147: 32140: 32131: 32124: 32117: 32110: 32103: 32096: 32089: 32082: 32075: 32068: 32059: 32052: 32034: 32027: 32020: 32011: 32004: 31997: 31988: 31981: 31974: 31967: 31945: 31936: 31929: 31909: 31902: 31895: 31888: 31881: 31874: 31867: 31860: 31853: 31846: 31828: 31821: 31814: 31812:Maximum security 31807: 31800: 31793: 31775: 31768: 31761: 31754: 31747: 31740: 31731: 31724: 31717: 31710: 31703: 31696: 31689: 31682: 31675: 31668: 31655: 31654: 31641: 31634: 31627: 31620: 31613: 31606: 31599: 31592: 31572: 31565: 31558: 31551: 31544: 31520: 31513: 31506: 31497: 31496: 31483: 31482: 31473: 31472: 31213: 31212: 30601:Creoles of color 30584:Choctaw freedmen 30550:Black Mennonites 30483:Black Mennonites 30330:Jamaican Maroons 30286:Samaná Americans 30197: 30196: 30183: 30182: 30172:African diaspora 30165: 30158: 30151: 30142: 30141: 30128: 30127: 29955: 29856:Mexican-American 29784: 29783: 29775: 29774: 29762: 29761: 29563: 29506:Business magnate 29396:Knowledge worker 29281: 29280: 29169:dual or multiple 29132: 29131: 29119: 29118: 29073:Social exclusion 29068:Social cleansing 28982: 28932: 28931: 28921:Economic classes 28882: 28875: 28868: 28859: 28858: 28842:Critique of work 28837:Corporate titles 28805: 28804: 28724:Evil corporation 28590:Employment rates 28513:Jobless recovery 28481:Great Depression 28441:Golden parachute 28436:Golden handshake 28233:Job satisfaction 28223:Critique of work 28041:Workplace phobia 27872:Health insurance 27829:Wage compression 27797:Progressive wage 27656:35-hour workweek 27623:No call, no show 27613:Leave of absence 27463:Knowledge worker 27391:Master craftsman 27195:Personality hire 27133:Executive search 27113:Curriculum vitae 27098:Background check 26967: 26960: 26953: 26944: 26943: 26829:Right to housing 26763:Economic, social 26710:Right to protest 26705:Right to privacy 26544: 26537: 26530: 26521: 26520: 26507: 26506: 26497: 26496: 26487: 26486: 26341:Racial supremacy 26299:Jewish Americans 26277:Native Americans 26246:Zainichi Koreans 26234:Japanese Koreans 26217:Zainichi Chinese 26190:Racism by target 25967:Global apartheid 25959:Racism by region 25944:Racial profiling 25934:Racial hierarchy 25735: 25728: 25721: 25712: 25711: 25698: 25697: 25688: 25687: 25628:Social privilege 25613:Social exclusion 25541:Police brutality 25462:Multiculturalism 25432:Amatonormativity 25263:Social exclusion 25099:Age of candidacy 24899:Homeless dumping 24805:Ethnic cleansing 23770: 23763: 23756: 23747: 23746: 23671: 23664: 23657: 23648: 23647: 23247: 23244: 23240: 23237: 23215:The Heroic Slave 22970:Pierre Toussaint 22965:(1793 VA – 1860) 22929:(1827 VA – 1900) 22661:Pierre Toussaint 22496:Antoine Qaurtier 22485: 22482: 22389: 22388: 22361:Slave narratives 22354: 22347: 22340: 22331: 22330: 22318: 22317: 22293:Emory University 22274: 22250: 22223: 22218:. Archived from 22163: 22137: 22116: 22095: 22093: 22091: 22085: 22079:. Archived from 22068: 22056: 22054: 22052: 22047:on June 14, 2007 22046: 22040:. Archived from 22029: 22017: 21992: 21967: 21942: 21914: 21889: 21864: 21809: 21798: 21773: 21744: 21716: 21702: 21677: 21650: 21626: 21621:. Archived from 21609: 21572: 21548: 21524: 21499: 21478: 21457: 21432: 21404: 21373: 21344: 21321: 21284: 21263: 21242: 21219:Economic Journal 21213: 21176: 21140: 21119: 21088: 21060: 21037:Reséndez, Andrés 21032: 21007: 20982: 20957: 20932: 20931:on May 12, 2008. 20927:. Archived from 20904: 20879: 20866:Psychology Press 20854: 20833: 20808: 20783: 20758: 20730: 20702: 20653:"Slavery, World" 20647: 20601: 20599: 20597: 20561: 20542: 20511: 20509: 20507: 20479: 20473: 20469: 20467: 20459: 20428: 20426: 20424: 20393: 20365: 20337: 20312: 20299: 20274: 20243: 20218: 20205: 20184: 20156: 20154: 20152: 20115: 20105: 20103: 20101: 20073: 20050: 20022: 20017:. Stanford, CA: 20009: 19982: 19977:. Archived from 19963: 19937: 19935: 19910: 19881: 19855: 19832: 19807: 19800:Conquest, Robert 19795: 19766: 19737: 19716: 19711:. Archived from 19697: 19669: 19667: 19665: 19649:Bavis, Barbara. 19645: 19632: 19599: 19571: 19549: 19527: 19524:Gulag: A History 19515: 19513: 19511: 19479: 19478: 19476: 19474: 19463: 19457: 19456: 19439:(4): 1251–1268. 19426: 19420: 19419: 19391: 19385: 19379: 19373: 19367: 19358: 19357: 19317: 19311: 19310: 19286: 19280: 19279: 19277: 19275: 19260:American Studies 19251: 19245: 19244: 19220: 19214: 19213: 19207: 19203: 19201: 19193: 19163: 19157: 19156: 19146: 19140: 19139: 19137: 19135: 19120: 19114: 19113: 19111: 19109: 19103:Face2Face Africa 19094: 19088: 19087: 19082:. Archived from 19069: 19063: 19062: 19056: 19054: 19035: 19029: 19028: 19026: 19024: 19010: 19004: 19003: 19001: 18999: 18984: 18978: 18977: 18975: 18973: 18951: 18945: 18944: 18942: 18940: 18925: 18919: 18918: 18916: 18914: 18909:. March 14, 2007 18899: 18893: 18892: 18890: 18888: 18871: 18862: 18861: 18860: 18858: 18838: 18832: 18831: 18829: 18827: 18811: 18805: 18804: 18778: 18772: 18771: 18769: 18767: 18756: 18750: 18749: 18735: 18726: 18725: 18723: 18721: 18707: 18701: 18700: 18698: 18696: 18690: 18684:. Archived from 18679: 18671: 18665: 18664: 18662: 18660: 18645: 18639: 18638: 18636: 18634: 18623: 18617: 18616: 18614: 18612: 18597: 18591: 18590: 18588: 18586: 18577:. Archived from 18571: 18565: 18564: 18544: 18538: 18537: 18497: 18491: 18490: 18458: 18452: 18451: 18419: 18413: 18412: 18406: 18404: 18381: 18375: 18374: 18372: 18370: 18365:on July 14, 2007 18355: 18349: 18348: 18346: 18344: 18319: 18313: 18312: 18289: 18283: 18282: 18280: 18278: 18260: 18254: 18253: 18232: 18226: 18225: 18212:Cengage Learning 18204: 18198: 18197: 18195: 18193: 18187: 18181:. Archived from 18180: 18171: 18165: 18159: 18157: 18155: 18137: 18131: 18130: 18128: 18126: 18115: 18106: 18105: 18103: 18101: 18096:on June 12, 2018 18082: 18076: 18075: 18073: 18071: 18052: 18046: 18045: 18043: 18041: 18032:. Archived from 18021: 18015: 18014: 18012: 18010: 18004: 17996: 17990: 17989: 17987: 17985: 17968: 17962: 17961: 17959: 17957: 17948:. Archived from 17931: 17925: 17924: 17907: 17901: 17900: 17888: 17882: 17881: 17879: 17877: 17860: 17854: 17853: 17851: 17849: 17832: 17826: 17825: 17819: 17817: 17800: 17794: 17793: 17791: 17789: 17768: 17762: 17761: 17759: 17757: 17736: 17730: 17729: 17723: 17719: 17717: 17709: 17707: 17705: 17688: 17682: 17681: 17679: 17677: 17658: 17652: 17651: 17649: 17647: 17625: 17619: 17618: 17616: 17614: 17597: 17591: 17590: 17588: 17586: 17567: 17561: 17560: 17558: 17556: 17551:. August 9, 2007 17541: 17535: 17534: 17532: 17530: 17515: 17509: 17508: 17506: 17504: 17490: 17484: 17483: 17481: 17479: 17474:. August 9, 2007 17464: 17458: 17457: 17455: 17453: 17438: 17432: 17431: 17419: 17413: 17412: 17395: 17389: 17388: 17369: 17363: 17362: 17355: 17349: 17348: 17338: 17332: 17331: 17320: 17314: 17313: 17311: 17309: 17300:. Archived from 17289: 17283: 17282: 17280: 17278: 17263: 17257: 17256: 17254: 17252: 17238: 17232: 17231: 17229: 17227: 17210: 17204: 17203: 17201: 17199: 17182: 17176: 17175: 17173: 17171: 17155: 17149: 17148: 17146: 17144: 17129: 17123: 17122: 17120: 17118: 17106: 17100: 17099: 17097: 17095: 17090:on June 23, 2013 17086:. Archived from 17075: 17069: 17068: 17067:. June 20, 2013. 17055: 17049: 17048: 17042: 17040: 17009: 17003: 17002: 17000: 16998: 16983: 16977: 16976: 16974: 16972: 16947: 16941: 16940: 16928: 16922: 16921: 16904: 16898: 16892: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16881: 16876:on April 7, 2016 16862: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16851: 16842:. Archived from 16832: 16826: 16825: 16823: 16821: 16804: 16798: 16797: 16795: 16793: 16778: 16772: 16771: 16769: 16767: 16740: 16734: 16731: 16720: 16717: 16706: 16705: 16703: 16701: 16690: 16684: 16683: 16662: 16656: 16655: 16654:on May 21, 2009. 16644: 16638: 16637: 16612:Kizilov, Mikhail 16608: 16602: 16601: 16599: 16597: 16586: 16580: 16579: 16577: 16575: 16570:. August 6, 1856 16560: 16554: 16548: 16542: 16541: 16539: 16537: 16526: 16520: 16519: 16511: 16505: 16504: 16496: 16490: 16489: 16487: 16485: 16471: 16465: 16464: 16434: 16428: 16427: 16413: 16407: 16406: 16374: 16368: 16367: 16354: 16348: 16347: 16339:Gulag: A History 16330: 16324: 16323: 16317: 16316:|newspaper= 16313: 16311: 16303: 16293: 16287: 16269: 16263: 16257: 16251: 16245: 16239: 16219:Applebaum (2003) 16215: 16209: 16208: 16202: 16200: 16185: 16179: 16178: 16165: 16159: 16158: 16156: 16154: 16149:on April 3, 2017 16148: 16142:. Archived from 16141: 16132: 16126: 16125: 16123: 16121: 16110: 16104: 16103: 16101: 16099: 16084: 16078: 16077: 16072:. Archived from 16062: 16056: 16055: 16035: 16029: 16028: 16026: 16015: 16003: 15997: 15996: 15995:on June 5, 2013. 15994: 15988:. Archived from 15987: 15978: 15972: 15971: 15948:Kizilov, Mikhail 15943: 15937: 15936: 15916: 15910: 15909: 15907: 15905: 15878: 15872: 15871: 15847: 15841: 15840: 15838: 15836: 15809: 15803: 15802: 15800: 15798: 15771: 15765: 15764: 15740: 15729: 15728: 15726: 15724: 15710:. Mikaya Press. 15701: 15695: 15694: 15689:. Archived from 15683: 15677: 15676: 15674: 15672: 15660: 15654: 15653: 15635: 15629: 15628: 15603:Kizilov, Mikhail 15599: 15590: 15589: 15587: 15585: 15570: 15564: 15563: 15561: 15559: 15544: 15538: 15537: 15513: 15507: 15506: 15504: 15502: 15490: 15484: 15483: 15481: 15479: 15469: 15460: 15459: 15457: 15455: 15448:Building History 15440: 15434: 15433: 15426:Gillingham, John 15422: 15416: 15415: 15393: 15387: 15386: 15384: 15382: 15373:. Archived from 15363: 15357: 15356: 15344:Clapham, John H. 15340: 15334: 15333: 15323: 15299: 15293: 15292: 15286: 15284: 15257: 15251: 15250: 15244: 15242: 15215: 15209: 15208: 15206: 15204: 15190:. p. 1002. 15177: 15171: 15170: 15168: 15166: 15139: 15133: 15132: 15130: 15128: 15117: 15111: 15110: 15108: 15106: 15094: 15088: 15087: 15085: 15083: 15068: 15062: 15061: 15038: 15032: 15031: 15010: 15004: 15003: 14969: 14963: 14962: 14944: 14938: 14937: 14921: 14911: 14905: 14904: 14880: 14874: 14873: 14867: 14859:Scheidel, Walter 14855: 14844: 14843: 14841: 14839: 14824: 14818: 14817: 14815: 14813: 14786: 14780: 14779: 14777: 14775: 14760: 14754: 14753: 14717: 14711: 14710: 14701: 14699: 14672: 14666: 14665: 14641: 14628: 14627: 14611: 14602: 14598: 14592: 14565: 14559: 14551: 14545: 14544:29, no. 2 (1939) 14528:V.B. Lieberman, 14526: 14520: 14483: 14477: 14476: 14465: 14459: 14458: 14415: 14409: 14405: 14399: 14398: 14380: 14374: 14373: 14371: 14369: 14342: 14336: 14335: 14317: 14311: 14310: 14308: 14306: 14279: 14273: 14272: 14270: 14268: 14241: 14235: 14234: 14222: 14216: 14215: 14195: 14189: 14175: 14169: 14168: 14140: 14134: 14133: 14111: 14105: 14099: 14093: 14092: 14070: 14061: 14060: 14038: 14032: 14031: 14025: 14023: 13996: 13990: 13989: 13987: 13985: 13958: 13952: 13951: 13949: 13947: 13920: 13914: 13913: 13905: 13899: 13898: 13893: 13891: 13868: 13858: 13852: 13851: 13849: 13847: 13813: 13807: 13806: 13804: 13802: 13768: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13730: 13724: 13723: 13701: 13695: 13694: 13692: 13690: 13685:on March 4, 2016 13671: 13665: 13664: 13662: 13660: 13651:. Archived from 13640: 13634: 13633: 13609: 13600: 13599: 13579: 13573: 13572: 13570: 13568: 13541: 13532: 13526: 13520: 13514: 13503: 13502: 13500: 13498: 13471: 13465: 13464: 13458: 13456: 13429: 13423: 13417: 13411: 13410: 13408: 13406: 13397:. Archived from 13382: 13376: 13375: 13351: 13340: 13334: 13311: 13305: 13299: 13293: 13287: 13286: 13284: 13282: 13255: 13249: 13248: 13246: 13244: 13217: 13211: 13210: 13174: 13168: 13167: 13143: 13137: 13134:Salisbury (2004) 13123: 13117: 13116: 13093: 13087: 13086: 13062: 13056: 13055: 13031: 13025: 13024: 13000: 12994: 12991: 12985: 12982: 12976: 12970: 12959: 12958: 12957:. June 14, 2024. 12956: 12948: 12942: 12941: 12905: 12899: 12898: 12896: 12894: 12889:on March 6, 2019 12885:. Archived from 12875: 12869: 12868: 12844: 12838: 12837: 12835: 12833: 12818: 12812: 12811: 12809: 12807: 12787: 12781: 12780: 12779:on June 4, 2004. 12775:. Archived from 12769: 12763: 12762: 12760: 12758: 12743: 12737: 12736: 12731:. Archived from 12721: 12715: 12713: 12690: 12684: 12683: 12659: 12653: 12652: 12632: 12626: 12625: 12617: 12608: 12607: 12579: 12573: 12572: 12567:. Archived from 12554: 12548: 12547: 12523: 12517: 12516: 12504: 12498: 12492: 12486: 12485: 12461: 12455: 12454: 12452: 12450: 12428: 12422: 12421: 12398:Reséndez, Andrés 12394: 12388: 12387: 12385: 12383: 12374:. Archived from 12372:cambriapress.com 12364: 12358: 12357: 12355: 12353: 12334: 12328: 12327: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12307: 12305: 12289: 12283: 12282: 12266: 12256: 12250: 12249: 12228: 12222: 12221: 12199: 12193: 12192: 12190: 12188: 12173: 12167: 12166: 12154: 12145: 12123:Kozlowski (2010) 12116: 12110: 12109: 12088: 12082: 12081: 12061: 12055: 12054: 12052: 12050: 12039: 12033: 12019: 12013: 12012: 11974: 11968: 11966: 11948: 11942: 11941: 11936:. Archived from 11930: 11924: 11922: 11900: 11894: 11893: 11882: 11876: 11875: 11864: 11858: 11857: 11855: 11853: 11848:on June 29, 2011 11844:. Archived from 11832: 11826: 11825: 11819: 11817: 11792: 11786: 11785: 11751: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11740: 11726: 11720: 11719: 11695: 11689: 11688: 11683:. Archived from 11673: 11667: 11666: 11642: 11636: 11635: 11615: 11609: 11608: 11606: 11604: 11595:. Archived from 11581: 11575: 11574: 11572: 11570: 11555: 11549: 11548: 11546: 11544: 11516: 11505: 11504: 11502: 11500: 11483: 11477: 11476: 11464: 11458: 11457: 11447: 11441: 11440: 11439:. pp. 4–21. 11428: 11419: 11418: 11416: 11414: 11391: 11385: 11379: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11353: 11347: 11346: 11344: 11342: 11337:. March 30, 2007 11327: 11321: 11320: 11318: 11316: 11295: 11289: 11288: 11286: 11284: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11243: 11237: 11236: 11228: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11217: 11192: 11183: 11182: 11180: 11178: 11173:on July 25, 2011 11163: 11157: 11156: 11128: 11122: 11121: 11098: 11092: 11091: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11033:. Archived from 11026: 11020: 11014: 11008: 11007: 10983: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10972: 10966: 10960:. Archived from 10959: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10942: 10940: 10931:. Archived from 10919: 10913: 10912: 10901:. p. 1401. 10888: 10882: 10876: 10870: 10869: 10849: 10843: 10842: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10809:on May 25, 2017. 10795: 10789: 10788: 10768: 10759: 10758: 10729: 10720: 10719: 10713: 10711: 10697: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10668: 10662: 10661: 10635: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10615:. Archived from 10605: 10599: 10598: 10596: 10594: 10588: 10579: 10573: 10572: 10566: 10562: 10560: 10552: 10522: 10516: 10515: 10500: 10491: 10490: 10478: 10472: 10471: 10447: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10436: 10411: 10405: 10404: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10378: 10357: 10351: 10350: 10335: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10309: 10303: 10302: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10276: 10270: 10269: 10247: 10236: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10192: 10186: 10185: 10183: 10181: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10134: 10128: 10127: 10125: 10123: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10097: 10082: 10076: 10075: 10037: 10031: 10030: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9980: 9978: 9969:. Archived from 9963: 9957: 9956: 9954: 9952: 9941: 9935: 9929: 9923: 9922: 9920: 9918: 9899: 9893: 9892: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9867: 9841: 9835: 9834: 9832: 9830: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9783: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9757: 9751: 9748:national service 9745: 9740:. Archived from 9726: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9715: 9703: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9692: 9681: 9675: 9674: 9672: 9665: 9657: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9637:. Archived from 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9609: 9602: 9594: 9588: 9587: 9586:. March 5, 2013. 9576: 9570: 9569: 9567: 9565: 9549: 9543: 9542: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9501: 9495: 9494: 9483: 9477: 9476: 9461: 9455: 9454: 9446: 9440: 9439: 9417: 9411: 9410: 9392: 9386: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9366: 9360: 9359: 9357: 9355: 9340: 9334: 9328: 9319: 9318: 9311: 9309: 9307: 9302:. August 9, 2007 9290: 9281: 9278: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9247: 9241: 9240: 9212: 9206: 9205: 9187: 9181: 9180: 9162: 9156: 9155: 9139: 9133: 9132: 9099: 9093: 9092: 9074: 9068: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9054:. Archived from 9043: 9037: 9036: 9030: 9028: 8994:"slavery, Roman" 8989: 8983: 8982: 8980: 8978: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8932: 8924: 8918: 8917: 8913:Byzantinoslavica 8907: 8901: 8900: 8895:. Archived from 8873:Scholten, Daniel 8869: 8863: 8862: 8833: 8827: 8826: 8805:"Artikel Sklave" 8801:Kluge, Friedrich 8797: 8791: 8790: 8767: 8761: 8760: 8759:on May 20, 2018. 8736: 8730: 8729: 8718:"Artikel Sklave" 8714:Kluge, Friedrich 8710: 8704: 8698: 8692: 8691: 8680: 8674: 8673: 8663: 8639: 8633: 8632: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8613: 8611: 8592: 8586: 8585: 8580:. Archived from 8567: 8561: 8560: 8558: 8556: 8540: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8529: 8520:. Archived from 8507: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8493: 8478: 8469: 8468: 8444: 8438: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8420:. Archived from 8410: 8391: 8390: 8379:. p. 1234. 8364: 8358: 8357: 8333: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8229: 8227: 8226: 8186: 8184: 8183: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8115:Chiwetel Ejiofor 8102:12 Years a Slave 8084: 8082: 8081: 8060:Django Unchained 8042: 8040: 8039: 8030: 8028: 8027: 7989: 7987: 7986: 7976:Andrei Proshkin 7950: 7948: 7947: 7939:Daniel Day-Lewis 7934:Steven Spielberg 7909: 7907: 7906: 7884: 7867: 7865: 7864: 7829: 7827: 7826: 7817: 7815: 7814: 7777: 7775: 7774: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7728: 7726: 7725: 7687: 7685: 7684: 7675: 7673: 7672: 7655:Historical epic 7631: 7629: 7628: 7589: 7587: 7586: 7573:Steven Spielberg 7541: 7539: 7538: 7516: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7442: 7440: 7439: 7411: 7393:A Escrava Isaura 7385: 7383: 7382: 7362: 7336: 7334: 7333: 7292: 7290: 7289: 7276:Gillo Pontecorvo 7239: 7237: 7236: 7225:Bernard Borderie 7199: 7197: 7196: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7111: 7109: 7108: 7054: 7053: 6617:Somersett's Case 6488:, who ruled the 6476:Chinese Emperor 6316: 6151:Slave Trade Acts 6059: 6051: 6044: 6037: 6028: 6027: 5790:forcibly removed 5756:forced marriages 5566:khanate of Khiva 5546:Khanate of Khiva 5487:, respectively. 5406:mentions slavery 5403: 5400: 5264: 5254: 5252: 5245: 5206:Communist states 5182:Second World War 5154:In Scandinavia, 5090:Poland-Lithuania 5072: 5003:Poland–Lithuania 4978:janissary system 4890:medieval England 4846:(along with the 4829:Byzantine Empire 4822: 4819:Romanus Pontifex 4814: 4682:Classical Athens 4678:Mycenaean Greece 4618:in New Zealand. 4530:Portuguese India 4518:Slavery in India 4505:into slavery on 4412: 4401:slave rebellions 4385:Slavery in Korea 4348: 4347: 4226:Slavery in China 4103:1860 U.S. census 4088: 4085: 3999:administration, 3990:Mason–Dixon line 3888:Louisiana colony 3859:and ratified by 3854: 3772:Slavery in Haiti 3742: 3716:Slave punishment 3666: 3660: 3569: 3449:Spanish colonies 3395: 3384: 3371:prisoners of war 3248:African kingdoms 3225:Muslim countries 3217: 3152:Gustav Nachtigal 3092:Slave market in 3037:Sokoto Caliphate 2906:embassy reached 2847:prisoners of war 2755:Congo Free State 2740:internment camps 2725: 2713: 2707: 2679: 2676: 2673:Slave branding, 2591:The work of the 2445:Forced marriages 2420:domestic workers 2177:classical Greece 2089: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2046: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2000: 1999: 1991: 1985: 1984: 1979: 1973: 1972: 1964: 1950: 1949: 1930:forced marriages 1872:de facto slavery 1782: 1775: 1768: 1752:Emancipation Day 1580: 1547:Slave Trade Acts 238:Byzantine Empire 80: 53: 52: 21: 35650: 35649: 35645: 35644: 35643: 35641: 35640: 35639: 35615:Business ethics 35600: 35599: 35598: 35593: 35592: 35579: 35410:Megarian school 35361:Illuminationism 35337:New historicism 35313:Foundationalism 35298:Eretrian school 35258:Critical theory 35219:Aristotelianism 35214:Agriculturalism 35204: 35198: 35132:Modern paganism 35046: 34957:Intellectualism 34831: 34825: 34783: 34764: 34612:Meaning of life 34517:unclean animals 34374:Aesthetic taste 34360: 34316:Problem of evil 34258:National mythoi 34063: 33881: 33877:Viral phenomena 33867:Swarm behaviour 33810:Social emotions 33805:Social behavior 33785:Pseudoconsensus 33736:Majoritarianism 33636:Deindividuation 33574:Abilene paradox 33560: 33496:Myth and ritual 33354: 33335:Social progress 33310:Self-censorship 33186:Excommunication 33109:Attitude change 33086: 33080: 32912: 32897: 32848:Presuppositions 32710: 32699: 32694: 32664: 32659: 32647: 32635: 32627: 32620: 32611: 32604: 32597: 32590: 32585: 32578: 32571: 32562: 32555: 32548: 32541: 32534: 32527: 32520: 32513: 32506: 32499: 32492: 32485: 32478: 32471: 32464: 32457: 32450: 32437: 32430: 32423: 32416: 32405: 32398: 32391: 32380: 32373: 32366: 32359: 32352: 32345: 32336: 32329: 32322: 32315: 32308: 32301: 32294: 32287: 32280: 32273: 32266: 32259: 32252: 32244: 32233: 32224: 32219:Women in prison 32217: 32210: 32203: 32196: 32189: 32182: 32175: 32166: 32159: 32150: 32143: 32136: 32127: 32122:Private prisons 32120: 32113: 32106: 32099: 32092: 32085: 32078: 32071: 32064: 32055: 32048: 32037: 32030: 32023: 32016: 32007: 32000: 31993: 31984: 31977: 31970: 31963: 31948: 31941: 31932: 31925: 31912: 31905: 31898: 31891: 31884: 31877: 31870: 31863: 31856: 31849: 31842: 31831: 31824: 31817: 31810: 31803: 31796: 31789: 31783:Security levels 31778: 31771: 31764: 31757: 31750: 31743: 31736: 31727: 31720: 31713: 31706: 31699: 31692: 31685: 31678: 31671: 31664: 31644: 31637: 31632:Prisoner of war 31630: 31623: 31616: 31609: 31602: 31595: 31588: 31575: 31568: 31561: 31554: 31547: 31540: 31529: 31524: 31494: 31489: 31457: 31431:Genetic history 31356: 31350: 31326: 31320: 31300:United Kingdom 31274: 31253:Afro-Brazilians 31208: 31206: 31196: 31180: 31085: 31076: 30989: 30832: 30820: 30680: 30674: 30545:Alabama Creoles 30465: 30459: 30391: 30385: 30190: 30174: 30169: 30139: 30134: 30108: 30057: 29945: 29917: 29884: 29868:Underprivileged 29810: 29769: 29768: 29744: 29674: 29631: 29591: 29573: 29492: 29410: 29370: 29272: 29227: 29126: 29125: 29109: 29088:Social position 29078:Social mobility 28976: 28926: 28897: 28896: 28886: 28856: 28851: 28847:Organized labor 28817:Aspects of jobs 28793: 28784:Toxic workplace 28719:Emotional labor 28692: 28616:Public programs 28611: 28528:Great Recession 28498:Full employment 28486:Long Depression 28452: 28350:Banishment room 28326: 28248:Refusal of work 28191: 28115:Corporate crime 28083: 28050: 27913: 27838: 27715: 27642: 27576: 27453:Graduate school 27363: 27285: 27229: 27220:Underemployment 27079: 27023:Self-employment 26998:Contingent work 26988:Academic tenure 26981:Classifications 26976: 26971: 26941: 26936: 26907:Family planning 26892: 26883: 26859:Right of return 26819:Right to health 26767: 26764: 26756: 26720:Right to resist 26670:Right of asylum 26561: 26554: 26548: 26518: 26513: 26475: 26454:Racism in sport 26352: 26346:White supremacy 26185: 25953: 25889:Ethnic conflict 25861: 25855: 25749:Types of racism 25744: 25739: 25709: 25704: 25676: 25551:Polyculturalism 25447:Civil liberties 25415: 25396:Reappropriation 25297:Countermeasures 25292: 25221:Racial steering 25187:Numerus clausus 25091: 25085: 24810:Ethnic conflict 24745:Corrective rape 24696: 24326: 24281:minority Muslim 24163: 24055:HIV/AIDS stigma 23923: 23872:Mental disorder 23810: 23779: 23774: 23744: 23739: 23681: 23675: 23645: 23640: 23586:Book of Negroes 23540:Anti-Tom novels 23518: 23491: 23456: 23430: 23395: 23365:The Known World 23245: 23238: 23176: 23138:Up from Slavery 23041: 23030:Miguel de Buría 23012: 22981:Wallace Turnage 22917:Solomon Northup 22849:Fountain Hughes 22691:Jordan Anderson 22678: 22672: 22648:Esteban Montejo 22634: 22628: 22609: 22603: 22577: 22548:Olaudah Equiano 22530: 22513: 22483: 22447:Elizabeth Marsh 22435:Ólafur Egilsson 22423:Felice Caronni 22384: 22382: 22376: 22363: 22358: 22323: 22301: 22272: 22241: 22212:Digital History 22206: 22175: 22170: 22160: 22134: 22113: 22089: 22087: 22083: 22077: 22066: 22050: 22048: 22044: 22038: 22027: 22014: 21989: 21964: 21939: 21921: 21911: 21886: 21845: 21795: 21766: 21758:. p. 448. 21741: 21699: 21674: 21647: 21619:Digital History 21590:10.2307/2712264 21569: 21545: 21521: 21496: 21475: 21454: 21429: 21401: 21393:. Basic Books. 21385:Baptist, Edward 21380: 21231:10.2307/2234490 21137: 21116: 21101:. Hanover, NH: 21085: 21075:Greenwood Press 21057: 21029: 21004: 20979: 20954: 20925: 20901: 20876: 20851: 20830: 20805: 20780: 20772:. p. 281. 20755: 20727: 20683: 20644: 20634:Knopf Doubleday 20614: 20609: 20607:Further reading 20604: 20595: 20593: 20583: 20558: 20505: 20503: 20501: 20493:. p. 168. 20471: 20470: 20461: 20460: 20448: 20422: 20420: 20418: 20410:. p. 316. 20408:Greenwood Press 20390: 20362: 20334: 20296: 20271: 20240: 20181: 20150: 20148: 20113: 20099: 20097: 20095: 20070: 20047: 20006: 19960: 19878: 19852: 19829: 19792: 19774:, eds. (2008). 19763: 19745:, eds. (2007). 19734: 19715:on May 7, 2006. 19694: 19663: 19661: 19621: 19596: 19568: 19546: 19520:Applebaum, Anne 19509: 19507: 19488: 19483: 19482: 19472: 19470: 19465: 19464: 19460: 19445:10.2307/3660347 19427: 19423: 19392: 19388: 19380: 19376: 19368: 19361: 19338:10.2307/2904301 19318: 19314: 19307: 19287: 19283: 19273: 19271: 19252: 19248: 19241: 19221: 19217: 19205: 19204: 19195: 19194: 19190: 19164: 19160: 19155:. pp. 6–7. 19147: 19143: 19133: 19131: 19121: 19117: 19107: 19105: 19095: 19091: 19070: 19066: 19052: 19050: 19037: 19036: 19032: 19022: 19020: 19012: 19011: 19007: 18997: 18995: 18985: 18981: 18971: 18969: 18952: 18948: 18938: 18936: 18927: 18926: 18922: 18912: 18910: 18901: 18900: 18896: 18886: 18884: 18881:Chicago Tribune 18872: 18865: 18856: 18854: 18839: 18835: 18825: 18823: 18812: 18808: 18793: 18779: 18775: 18765: 18763: 18758: 18757: 18753: 18736: 18729: 18719: 18717: 18709: 18708: 18704: 18694: 18692: 18688: 18682:Yale University 18677: 18673: 18672: 18668: 18658: 18656: 18647: 18646: 18642: 18632: 18630: 18625: 18624: 18620: 18610: 18608: 18599: 18598: 18594: 18584: 18582: 18573: 18572: 18568: 18561: 18545: 18541: 18518:10.2307/2649071 18498: 18494: 18459: 18455: 18420: 18416: 18402: 18400: 18398: 18382: 18378: 18368: 18366: 18357: 18356: 18352: 18342: 18340: 18320: 18316: 18306: 18290: 18286: 18276: 18274: 18264:Dussel, Enrique 18261: 18257: 18250: 18234: 18233: 18229: 18222: 18206: 18205: 18201: 18191: 18189: 18185: 18178: 18172: 18168: 18153: 18151: 18138: 18134: 18124: 18122: 18117: 18116: 18109: 18099: 18097: 18084: 18083: 18079: 18069: 18067: 18066:on July 8, 2009 18054: 18053: 18049: 18039: 18037: 18030:Inside Investor 18022: 18018: 18008: 18006: 18002: 17998: 17997: 17993: 17983: 17981: 17969: 17965: 17955: 17953: 17952:on May 22, 2024 17932: 17928: 17909: 17908: 17904: 17889: 17885: 17875: 17873: 17872:. June 15, 2023 17862: 17861: 17857: 17847: 17845: 17844:. 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Libro.uca.edu 15661: 15657: 15650: 15636: 15632: 15600: 15593: 15583: 15581: 15572: 15571: 15567: 15557: 15555: 15545: 15541: 15534: 15514: 15510: 15500: 15498: 15491: 15487: 15477: 15475: 15471: 15470: 15463: 15453: 15451: 15442: 15441: 15437: 15423: 15419: 15412: 15394: 15390: 15380: 15378: 15365: 15364: 15360: 15341: 15337: 15300: 15296: 15282: 15280: 15278: 15270:. p. 139. 15258: 15254: 15240: 15238: 15236: 15216: 15212: 15202: 15200: 15198: 15178: 15174: 15164: 15162: 15160: 15152:. p. 417. 15140: 15136: 15126: 15124: 15119: 15118: 15114: 15104: 15102: 15095: 15091: 15081: 15079: 15070: 15069: 15065: 15058: 15039: 15035: 15028: 15011: 15007: 14970: 14966: 14959: 14945: 14941: 14934: 14912: 14908: 14901: 14881: 14877: 14865: 14856: 14847: 14837: 14835: 14826: 14825: 14821: 14811: 14809: 14807: 14787: 14783: 14773: 14771: 14762: 14761: 14757: 14718: 14714: 14697: 14695: 14693: 14685:. p. 253. 14673: 14669: 14662: 14642: 14631: 14612: 14605: 14599: 14595: 14566: 14562: 14552: 14548: 14527: 14523: 14498:Richards (2012) 14484: 14480: 14467: 14466: 14462: 14416: 14412: 14406: 14402: 14395: 14381: 14377: 14367: 14365: 14363: 14343: 14339: 14332: 14318: 14314: 14304: 14302: 14300: 14280: 14276: 14266: 14264: 14262: 14254:. p. 144. 14242: 14238: 14223: 14219: 14196: 14192: 14184:, p. 168; 14182:Saunders (1982) 14178:de Sande (2012) 14176: 14172: 14157: 14141: 14137: 14130: 14112: 14108: 14100: 14096: 14085: 14071: 14064: 14053: 14039: 14035: 14021: 14019: 14017: 14009:. p. 208. 13997: 13993: 13983: 13981: 13979: 13959: 13955: 13945: 13943: 13941: 13933:. p. 170. 13921: 13917: 13906: 13902: 13889: 13887: 13885: 13859: 13855: 13845: 13843: 13841: 13833:. p. 187. 13823:, eds. (2010). 13814: 13810: 13800: 13798: 13796: 13788:. p. 479. 13778:, eds. (2005). 13769: 13765: 13755: 13753: 13751: 13743:. p. 408. 13731: 13727: 13720: 13702: 13698: 13688: 13686: 13673: 13672: 13668: 13658: 13656: 13649:The Japan Times 13641: 13637: 13630: 13622:. p. 277. 13610: 13603: 13596: 13580: 13576: 13566: 13564: 13562: 13542: 13535: 13527: 13523: 13515: 13506: 13496: 13494: 13492: 13484:. p. 141. 13472: 13468: 13454: 13452: 13450: 13430: 13426: 13418: 13414: 13404: 13402: 13383: 13379: 13372: 13352: 13343: 13335: 13314: 13306: 13302: 13294: 13290: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13268:. p. 148. 13256: 13252: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13218: 13214: 13208: 13175: 13171: 13164: 13144: 13140: 13124: 13120: 13095: 13094: 13090: 13083: 13063: 13059: 13052: 13032: 13028: 13021: 13011:Greenwood Press 13001: 12997: 12992: 12988: 12983: 12979: 12971: 12962: 12954: 12950: 12949: 12945: 12906: 12902: 12892: 12890: 12877: 12876: 12872: 12865: 12845: 12841: 12831: 12829: 12819: 12815: 12805: 12803: 12788: 12784: 12771: 12770: 12766: 12756: 12754: 12745: 12744: 12740: 12723: 12722: 12718: 12710: 12691: 12687: 12680: 12672:. p. 129. 12660: 12656: 12649: 12633: 12629: 12618: 12611: 12600: 12588:. Gainesville: 12580: 12576: 12555: 12551: 12544: 12524: 12520: 12505: 12501: 12493: 12489: 12482: 12474:. p. 145. 12462: 12458: 12448: 12446: 12445:on June 8, 2008 12429: 12425: 12418: 12395: 12391: 12381: 12379: 12366: 12365: 12361: 12351: 12349: 12336: 12335: 12331: 12318: 12317: 12313: 12303: 12301: 12290: 12286: 12279: 12257: 12253: 12246: 12229: 12225: 12218: 12200: 12196: 12186: 12184: 12175: 12174: 12170: 12155: 12148: 12121:, p. 322; 12117: 12113: 12106: 12089: 12085: 12078: 12062: 12058: 12048: 12046: 12041: 12040: 12036: 12026:Donoghue (2010) 12020: 12016: 11975: 11971: 11963: 11949: 11945: 11932: 11931: 11927: 11919: 11901: 11897: 11892:. May 29, 1537. 11884: 11883: 11879: 11866: 11865: 11861: 11851: 11849: 11834: 11833: 11829: 11815: 11813: 11811: 11793: 11789: 11752: 11748: 11738: 11736: 11728: 11727: 11723: 11716: 11696: 11692: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11663: 11643: 11639: 11632: 11616: 11612: 11602: 11600: 11583: 11582: 11578: 11568: 11566: 11556: 11552: 11542: 11540: 11517: 11508: 11498: 11496: 11484: 11480: 11465: 11461: 11448: 11444: 11429: 11422: 11412: 11410: 11408: 11392: 11388: 11380: 11376: 11366: 11364: 11355: 11354: 11350: 11340: 11338: 11329: 11328: 11324: 11314: 11312: 11299:"Swahili Coast" 11297: 11296: 11292: 11282: 11280: 11272: 11271: 11267: 11244: 11240: 11229: 11225: 11215: 11213: 11193: 11186: 11176: 11174: 11165: 11164: 11160: 11149: 11129: 11125: 11115: 11099: 11095: 11088: 11072: 11068: 11058: 11056: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11027: 11023: 11017:Rodriguez 2007a 11015: 11011: 11004: 10984: 10980: 10970: 10968: 10967:on May 15, 2011 10964: 10957: 10953: 10952: 10948: 10938: 10936: 10921: 10920: 10916: 10909: 10889: 10885: 10877: 10873: 10866: 10850: 10846: 10839: 10831:. p. 258. 10818: 10814: 10797: 10796: 10792: 10785: 10769: 10762: 10738:African Affairs 10730: 10723: 10709: 10707: 10698: 10694: 10684: 10682: 10669: 10665: 10658: 10642:. Vol. 2. 10636: 10632: 10622: 10620: 10607: 10606: 10602: 10592: 10590: 10586: 10580: 10576: 10564: 10563: 10554: 10553: 10549: 10523: 10519: 10506:(May 6, 2023). 10504:Hellie, Richard 10501: 10494: 10479: 10475: 10468: 10448: 10444: 10434: 10432: 10412: 10408: 10390: 10386: 10376: 10374: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10346:. p. 138. 10336: 10332: 10322: 10320: 10319:. 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Boulder, CO: 9462: 9458: 9447: 9443: 9436: 9418: 9414: 9407: 9393: 9389: 9379: 9377: 9368: 9367: 9363: 9353: 9351: 9342: 9341: 9337: 9329: 9322: 9305: 9303: 9292: 9291: 9284: 9279: 9270: 9260: 9258: 9249: 9248: 9244: 9234: 9213: 9209: 9202: 9188: 9184: 9177: 9163: 9159: 9140: 9136: 9100: 9096: 9089: 9075: 9071: 9061: 9059: 9044: 9040: 9026: 9024: 9022: 8990: 8986: 8976: 8974: 8972: 8964:. p. 162. 8952: 8948: 8925: 8921: 8908: 8904: 8893: 8870: 8866: 8859: 8837:Köbler, Gerhard 8834: 8830: 8823: 8815:. p. 676. 8798: 8794: 8768: 8764: 8749: 8737: 8733: 8711: 8707: 8699: 8695: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8640: 8636: 8624: 8623: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8594: 8593: 8589: 8568: 8564: 8554: 8552: 8541: 8537: 8527: 8525: 8508: 8501: 8491: 8489: 8488:on May 27, 2010 8480: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8455:SAGE Publishing 8445: 8441: 8433: 8429: 8412: 8411: 8394: 8387: 8377:SAGE Publishing 8375:. Vol. 3. 8365: 8361: 8354: 8334: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8301:Slave rebellion 8257: 8236: 8234: 8224: 8222: 8181: 8179: 8175:Gugu Mbatha-Raw 8152:Solomon Northup 8133: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8079: 8077: 8037: 8035: 8025: 8023: 8008:500 Years Later 7984: 7982: 7945: 7943: 7904: 7902: 7882:Muhteşem Yüzyıl 7862: 7860: 7854:Kwak Jung-hwan 7824: 7822: 7812: 7810: 7772: 7770: 7760: 7758: 7723: 7721: 7682: 7680: 7670: 7668: 7626: 7624: 7584: 7582: 7536: 7534: 7485: 7483: 7437: 7435: 7380: 7378: 7331: 7329: 7287: 7285: 7234: 7232: 7194: 7192: 7183:Vincent Sherman 7152: 7150: 7141:Stanley Kubrick 7106: 7104: 7027:The Last Supper 6953: 6947: 6916: 6910: 6901:Muammar Gaddafi 6874:Ken Livingstone 6871:Mayor of London 6825:Mathieu Kérékou 6791: 6773:Free the Slaves 6754:Thích Nhất Hạnh 6683: 6655:Slave Trade Act 6639:Thomas Clarkson 6631:Olaudah Equiano 6627:Ottobah Cugoano 6605: 6581:Olaudah Equiano 6546:Bleeding Kansas 6510: 6470: 6450: 6314: 6312: 6307: 6259:Hamerton Treaty 6225:Capture of the 6196:Capture of the 6190:Veloz Passagera 6188:Capture of the 6180:Capture of the 6172:Capture of the 6164:Capture of the 6156:Capture of the 6060: 6057: 6055: 6025: 6018: 6012: 5983: 5974: 5940: 5916: 5910: 5898: 5866: 5774: 5768: 5717: 5644: 5618: 5580:and trafficked 5560:slaves was the 5548:, 19th century. 5410:Pharaonic Egypt 5401: 5375: 5353: 5347:'s paradigms". 5241: 5214: 5208: 5178: 5164: 5148:Peter the Great 5082:Crimean Khanate 5052:Barbary Pirates 5040:Yaqub al-Mansur 4995:Tatar invasions 4962:Ottoman Algeria 4920:John Gillingham 4802:Pope Nicholas V 4786:Catholic Church 4764: 4748:Main articles: 4746: 4649: 4637:Main articles: 4635: 4630: 4608: 4583: 4571:Main articles: 4569: 4567:South East Asia 4515: 4310:Mongol invasion 4228: 4206: 4201: 4195: 4170:private prisons 4166:refused to work 4126:convict leasing 4095:Abraham Lincoln 4086: 3988:divided by the 3970:British America 3939: 3892:French colonial 3809:Saint-Domingue 3769: 3694: 3655:, in French as 3599:Statue of Bussa 3580: 3535: 3519:Anthony Johnson 3413: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3398: 3397: 3396: 3387: 3386: 3385: 3331:of Brazil, the 3310: 3280: 3268:Aro Confederacy 3150:German doctor, 3143:main slave port 2865: 2859: 2829:peoples of the 2827:American Indian 2823:hunter-gatherer 2811: 2805: 2799: 2791:double jeopardy 2771: 2763:Convict leasing 2698: 2693: 2677: 2663:Egypt and Nubia 2643: 2541: 2536: 2534:Characteristics 2481:anti-psychiatry 2466:military drafts 2458: 2442: 2432: 2430:Forced marriage 2412: 2402: 2396: 2360: 2354: 2348: 2324: 2295: 2285: 2279: 2252:in Saudi Arabia 2203:the Middle East 2126: 2124:Chattel slavery 2100:unfree labourer 2096: 1967:Byzantine Greek 1942: 1892:, a slave from 1864:chattel slavery 1833:granted freedom 1813:enslaved person 1799:of a person as 1786: 1757: 1756: 1661:Slave narrative 1612:Fugitive slaves 1592: 1584: 1583: 1574: 1542:Slave rebellion 1397: 1387: 1386: 1345: 1335: 1334: 1157:United Kingdom 1093:Yankee princess 687: 679: 678: 406:Avret Pazarları 352:Avret Pazarları 221:Medieval Europe 187: 177: 176: 115:Forced marriage 90: 49: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Enslaved person 15: 12: 11: 5: 35648: 35638: 35637: 35635:Social classes 35632: 35627: 35622: 35617: 35612: 35595: 35594: 35589: 35588: 35585: 35584: 35581: 35580: 35578: 35577: 35572: 35570:Utilitarianism 35567: 35562: 35557: 35548: 35543: 35538: 35533: 35528: 35523: 35514: 35509: 35504: 35498:Pythagoreanism 35495: 35490: 35485: 35480: 35475: 35470: 35461: 35456: 35451: 35446: 35441: 35436: 35431: 35426: 35421: 35412: 35407: 35402: 35397: 35392: 35387: 35385:Neo-Kantianism 35378: 35373: 35368: 35363: 35358: 35353: 35344: 35339: 35330: 35325: 35320: 35315: 35310: 35305: 35303:Existentialism 35300: 35295: 35290: 35285: 35280: 35275: 35270: 35265: 35260: 35255: 35246: 35241: 35236: 35231: 35226: 35221: 35216: 35210: 35208: 35200: 35199: 35197: 35196: 35194:Zoroastrianism 35191: 35186: 35181: 35176: 35171: 35166: 35161: 35156: 35139: 35134: 35129: 35124: 35119: 35114: 35109: 35104: 35099: 35094: 35093: 35092: 35082: 35077: 35072: 35067: 35062: 35056: 35054: 35048: 35047: 35045: 35044: 35039: 35037:Utilitarianism 35034: 35029: 35024: 35019: 35014: 35009: 35004: 34999: 34994: 34989: 34984: 34979: 34974: 34972:Libertarianism 34969: 34964: 34959: 34954: 34949: 34944: 34939: 34937:Green politics 34934: 34929: 34927:Fundamentalism 34924: 34919: 34914: 34909: 34904: 34899: 34894: 34889: 34884: 34879: 34874: 34869: 34864: 34859: 34854: 34849: 34844: 34838: 34836: 34827: 34826: 34824: 34823: 34818: 34813: 34808: 34803: 34797: 34795: 34785: 34784: 34774: 34773: 34770: 34769: 34766: 34765: 34763: 34762: 34757: 34752: 34743: 34741:Unspoken rules 34738: 34733: 34728: 34723: 34718: 34713: 34708: 34703: 34698: 34693: 34688: 34687: 34686: 34676: 34671: 34666: 34661: 34656: 34651: 34646: 34641: 34636: 34631: 34626: 34625: 34624: 34614: 34609: 34604: 34599: 34594: 34593: 34592: 34582: 34581: 34580: 34575: 34565: 34560: 34555: 34550: 34545: 34540: 34535: 34526: 34521: 34520: 34519: 34509: 34504: 34499: 34494: 34489: 34484: 34483: 34482: 34472: 34467: 34466: 34465: 34460: 34450: 34445: 34440: 34435: 34430: 34425: 34420: 34415: 34410: 34405: 34400: 34395: 34390: 34381: 34376: 34370: 34368: 34362: 34361: 34359: 34358: 34353: 34348: 34343: 34338: 34333: 34328: 34323: 34318: 34313: 34312: 34311: 34301: 34300: 34299: 34289: 34288: 34287: 34277: 34272: 34271: 34270: 34260: 34255: 34254: 34253: 34243: 34238: 34233: 34228: 34223: 34218: 34213: 34208: 34203: 34198: 34193: 34188: 34183: 34174: 34169: 34164: 34155: 34150: 34145: 34144: 34143: 34133: 34128: 34127: 34126: 34116: 34111: 34110: 34109: 34099: 34094: 34089: 34084: 34079: 34073: 34071: 34065: 34064: 34062: 34061: 34056: 34055: 34054: 34049: 34039: 34038: 34037: 34027: 34022: 34017: 34016: 34015: 34010: 34000: 33995: 33990: 33985: 33980: 33978:Meta-knowledge 33975: 33970: 33968:Meaning-making 33965: 33960: 33955: 33954: 33953: 33943: 33938: 33937: 33936: 33931: 33921: 33920: 33919: 33909: 33904: 33903: 33902: 33891: 33889: 33883: 33882: 33880: 33879: 33874: 33869: 33864: 33859: 33854: 33849: 33844: 33839: 33834: 33829: 33828: 33827: 33817: 33812: 33807: 33802: 33797: 33792: 33787: 33782: 33777: 33772: 33767: 33762: 33757: 33755:Milieu control 33752: 33747: 33742: 33733: 33728: 33726:Invisible hand 33723: 33718: 33713: 33708: 33703: 33698: 33693: 33688: 33683: 33681:Group dynamics 33678: 33673: 33668: 33663: 33658: 33653: 33648: 33643: 33638: 33633: 33628: 33623: 33618: 33613: 33608: 33603: 33598: 33597: 33596: 33586: 33581: 33576: 33570: 33568: 33562: 33561: 33559: 33558: 33553: 33548: 33543: 33530: 33525: 33524: 33523: 33513: 33508: 33503: 33498: 33493: 33488: 33483: 33478: 33473: 33472: 33471: 33461: 33460: 33459: 33449: 33444: 33439: 33430: 33425: 33412: 33407: 33402: 33397: 33392: 33387: 33382: 33381: 33380: 33375: 33364: 33362: 33356: 33355: 33353: 33352: 33347: 33342: 33337: 33332: 33327: 33322: 33320:Social control 33317: 33312: 33307: 33302: 33297: 33292: 33287: 33286: 33285: 33275: 33270: 33265: 33260: 33255: 33250: 33248:Polite fiction 33245: 33240: 33235: 33230: 33225: 33220: 33215: 33213:Indoctrination 33210: 33205: 33204: 33203: 33193: 33188: 33183: 33178: 33177: 33176: 33171: 33161: 33156: 33151: 33146: 33141: 33136: 33131: 33126: 33121: 33116: 33111: 33106: 33101: 33096: 33090: 33088: 33082: 33081: 33079: 33078: 33077: 33076: 33066: 33061: 33060: 33059: 33054: 33052:placebo effect 33049: 33039: 33037:Self-deception 33034: 33029: 33024: 33019: 33014: 33009: 33004: 32999: 32994: 32989: 32984: 32979: 32974: 32969: 32964: 32959: 32958: 32957: 32947: 32942: 32937: 32932: 32926: 32924: 32914: 32913: 32903: 32902: 32899: 32898: 32896: 32895: 32890: 32885: 32880: 32878:Social reality 32875: 32870: 32865: 32860: 32858:Reality tunnel 32855: 32850: 32845: 32840: 32835: 32830: 32825: 32820: 32815: 32810: 32801: 32796: 32791: 32786: 32781: 32772: 32766:National epics 32759: 32754: 32749: 32744: 32739: 32734: 32725: 32715: 32712: 32711: 32701: 32700: 32693: 32692: 32685: 32678: 32670: 32661: 32660: 32658: 32657: 32645: 32632: 32629: 32628: 32626: 32625: 32618: 32617: 32616: 32609: 32602: 32595: 32583: 32576: 32569: 32568: 32567: 32553: 32546: 32539: 32532: 32525: 32518: 32511: 32504: 32497: 32490: 32483: 32476: 32469: 32462: 32455: 32447: 32445: 32439: 32438: 32436: 32435: 32428: 32421: 32413: 32411: 32407: 32406: 32404: 32403: 32396: 32393:Rehabilitation 32388: 32386: 32385:Leaving prison 32382: 32381: 32379: 32378: 32371: 32364: 32357: 32350: 32343: 32334: 32327: 32320: 32313: 32306: 32299: 32292: 32285: 32278: 32275:Justice Action 32271: 32264: 32257: 32254:Black and Pink 32250: 32241: 32239: 32235: 32234: 32232: 32231: 32230: 32229: 32215: 32208: 32201: 32194: 32187: 32180: 32173: 32172: 32171: 32157: 32156: 32155: 32141: 32134: 32133: 32132: 32118: 32111: 32104: 32097: 32090: 32083: 32076: 32069: 32062: 32061: 32060: 32045: 32043: 32039: 32038: 32036: 32035: 32028: 32021: 32014: 32013: 32012: 32005: 31991: 31990: 31989: 31975: 31968: 31960: 31958: 31954: 31953: 31950: 31949: 31947: 31946: 31939: 31938: 31937: 31927:Prison escapes 31922: 31920: 31914: 31913: 31911: 31910: 31903: 31896: 31889: 31882: 31875: 31868: 31861: 31854: 31847: 31839: 31837: 31833: 31832: 31830: 31829: 31822: 31815: 31808: 31801: 31794: 31786: 31784: 31780: 31779: 31777: 31776: 31769: 31762: 31755: 31748: 31741: 31734: 31733: 31732: 31725: 31711: 31704: 31697: 31690: 31683: 31676: 31669: 31661: 31659: 31652: 31646: 31645: 31643: 31642: 31635: 31628: 31621: 31614: 31607: 31600: 31593: 31585: 31583: 31577: 31576: 31574: 31573: 31566: 31559: 31552: 31545: 31537: 31535: 31531: 31530: 31523: 31522: 31515: 31508: 31500: 31491: 31490: 31488: 31487: 31477: 31466: 31463: 31462: 31459: 31458: 31456: 31455: 31454: 31453: 31443: 31441:Pan-Africanism 31438: 31433: 31428: 31426:Creole peoples 31423: 31418: 31413: 31408: 31407: 31406: 31401: 31396: 31391: 31386: 31376: 31371: 31366: 31360: 31358: 31352: 31351: 31349: 31348: 31343: 31342: 31341: 31330: 31328: 31322: 31321: 31319: 31318: 31317: 31316: 31311: 31306: 31298: 31297: 31296: 31291: 31282: 31280: 31276: 31275: 31273: 31272: 31271: 31270: 31262: 31261: 31260: 31255: 31247: 31246: 31245: 31237: 31236: 31235: 31230: 31221: 31219: 31210: 31202: 31201: 31198: 31197: 31195: 31194: 31188: 31186: 31182: 31181: 31179: 31178: 31177: 31176: 31166: 31161: 31156: 31151: 31150: 31149: 31144: 31142:Black Dutchmen 31134: 31133: 31132: 31131: 31130: 31117: 31112: 31111: 31110: 31105: 31095: 31089: 31087: 31078: 31077: 31075: 31074: 31069: 31064: 31063: 31062: 31052: 31047: 31042: 31037: 31032: 31027: 31026: 31025: 31020: 31010: 31005: 30999: 30997: 30991: 30990: 30988: 30987: 30986: 30985: 30980: 30975: 30970: 30965: 30958:United Kingdom 30955: 30950: 30945: 30940: 30935: 30930: 30925: 30920: 30915: 30910: 30905: 30900: 30895: 30894: 30893: 30883: 30878: 30877: 30876: 30866: 30861: 30856: 30851: 30846: 30840: 30838: 30826: 30825: 30822: 30821: 30819: 30818: 30813: 30808: 30807: 30806: 30801: 30796: 30791: 30786: 30776: 30771: 30766: 30761: 30760: 30759: 30754: 30749: 30739: 30734: 30733: 30732: 30722: 30717: 30716: 30715: 30710: 30705: 30695: 30690: 30684: 30682: 30676: 30675: 30673: 30672: 30671: 30670: 30665: 30660: 30655: 30650: 30645: 30640: 30635: 30630: 30625: 30620: 30615: 30610: 30609: 30608: 30603: 30598: 30597: 30596: 30591: 30589:Creek freedmen 30586: 30581: 30576: 30562: 30560:Black Hispanic 30557: 30552: 30547: 30542: 30537: 30526:United States 30524: 30523: 30522: 30512: 30511: 30510: 30505: 30500: 30495: 30490: 30485: 30480: 30469: 30467: 30461: 30460: 30458: 30457: 30456: 30455: 30445: 30440: 30439: 30438: 30431:Miskito people 30428: 30423: 30418: 30413: 30408: 30407: 30406: 30395: 30393: 30387: 30386: 30384: 30383: 30378: 30377: 30376: 30371: 30361: 30360: 30359: 30349: 30344: 30339: 30334: 30333: 30332: 30327: 30322: 30312: 30311: 30310: 30305: 30295: 30290: 30289: 30288: 30283: 30273: 30268: 30263: 30262: 30261: 30256: 30251: 30241: 30239:Cayman Islands 30236: 30231: 30226: 30221: 30216: 30211: 30205: 30203: 30194: 30180: 30176: 30175: 30168: 30167: 30160: 30153: 30145: 30136: 30135: 30133: 30132: 30121: 30118: 30117: 30114: 30113: 30110: 30109: 30107: 30106: 30101: 30096: 30091: 30089:Ottoman Empire 30086: 30081: 30076: 30074:Ancient Greece 30071: 30065: 30063: 30059: 30058: 30056: 30055: 30050: 30048:United Kingdom 30045: 30040: 30035: 30030: 30025: 30020: 30015: 30010: 30005: 30000: 29995: 29990: 29985: 29980: 29975: 29970: 29965: 29959: 29957: 29951: 29950: 29947: 29946: 29944: 29943: 29941:Home-ownership 29938: 29933: 29927: 29925: 29919: 29918: 29916: 29915: 29910: 29905: 29900: 29894: 29892: 29886: 29885: 29883: 29882: 29881: 29880: 29875: 29865: 29864: 29863: 29858: 29853: 29843: 29842: 29841: 29836: 29831: 29820: 29818: 29812: 29811: 29809: 29808: 29803: 29798: 29796:American Dream 29793: 29787: 29781: 29771: 29770: 29758: 29757: 29754: 29753: 29750: 29749: 29746: 29745: 29743: 29742: 29737: 29728: 29723: 29718: 29709: 29700: 29695: 29690: 29684: 29682: 29676: 29675: 29673: 29672: 29667: 29662: 29657: 29652: 29647: 29641: 29639: 29633: 29632: 29630: 29629: 29624: 29619: 29614: 29613: 29612: 29601: 29599: 29593: 29592: 29590: 29589: 29583: 29581: 29575: 29574: 29572: 29571: 29564: 29555: 29550: 29545: 29540: 29539: 29538: 29533: 29523: 29518: 29513: 29508: 29502: 29500: 29494: 29493: 29491: 29490: 29481: 29476: 29471: 29466: 29461: 29456: 29451: 29446: 29441: 29436: 29431: 29426: 29420: 29418: 29412: 29411: 29409: 29408: 29403: 29398: 29393: 29392: 29391: 29380: 29378: 29372: 29371: 29369: 29368: 29363: 29362: 29361: 29356: 29355: 29354: 29339: 29338: 29337: 29332: 29324: 29323: 29322: 29312: 29307: 29302: 29301: 29300: 29289: 29287: 29278: 29274: 29273: 29271: 29270: 29265: 29260: 29255: 29250: 29245: 29239: 29237: 29229: 29228: 29226: 29225: 29220: 29215: 29210: 29208:Migrant worker 29205: 29200: 29199: 29198: 29188: 29187: 29186: 29181: 29176: 29171: 29161: 29160: 29159: 29154: 29144: 29138: 29136: 29128: 29127: 29124:By demographic 29115: 29114: 29111: 29110: 29108: 29107: 29104:Status Anxiety 29100: 29095: 29090: 29085: 29080: 29075: 29070: 29065: 29060: 29058:Ranked society 29055: 29050: 29037: 29032: 29027: 29022: 29017: 29012: 29007: 29002: 29000:Class conflict 28997: 28992: 28986: 28984: 28983: topics 28978: 28977: 28975: 28974: 28969: 28964: 28959: 28957:Mudsill theory 28954: 28949: 28944: 28938: 28936: 28928: 28927: 28925: 28924: 28917: 28910: 28902: 28899: 28898: 28895: 28894: 28888: 28885: 28884: 28877: 28870: 28862: 28853: 28852: 28850: 28849: 28844: 28839: 28834: 28829: 28824: 28819: 28814: 28808: 28807: 28798: 28795: 28794: 28792: 28791: 28786: 28781: 28776: 28771: 28769:Sunday scaries 28766: 28761: 28756: 28751: 28746: 28741: 28736: 28731: 28726: 28721: 28716: 28711: 28706: 28700: 28698: 28694: 28693: 28686: 28685: 28680: 28675: 28670: 28665: 28660: 28655: 28650: 28645: 28640: 28635: 28630: 28625: 28619: 28617: 28613: 28612: 28610: 28609: 28604: 28599: 28598: 28597: 28592: 28582: 28577: 28572: 28567: 28562: 28557: 28552: 28547: 28546: 28545: 28540: 28535: 28530: 28520: 28518:Phillips curve 28515: 28510: 28505: 28500: 28495: 28490: 28489: 28488: 28483: 28473: 28468: 28462: 28460: 28454: 28453: 28451: 28450: 28445: 28444: 28443: 28438: 28428: 28427: 28426: 28421: 28419:Retirement age 28416: 28406: 28401: 28400: 28399: 28389: 28384: 28379: 28374: 28372:Exit interview 28369: 28364: 28363: 28362: 28357: 28352: 28342: 28336: 28334: 28328: 28327: 28325: 28324: 28319: 28318: 28317: 28312: 28302: 28297: 28296: 28295: 28290: 28285: 28280: 28275: 28270: 28265: 28260: 28250: 28245: 28240: 28235: 28230: 28225: 28220: 28215: 28210: 28205: 28199: 28197: 28193: 28192: 28190: 28189: 28184: 28179: 28174: 28169: 28164: 28159: 28154: 28149: 28144: 28139: 28134: 28129: 28124: 28122:Discrimination 28119: 28118: 28117: 28112: 28107: 28102: 28091: 28089: 28085: 28084: 28082: 28081: 28076: 28074:Gender pay gap 28071: 28066: 28060: 28058: 28052: 28051: 28049: 28048: 28043: 28038: 28033: 28028: 28023: 28022: 28021: 28011: 28006: 28005: 28004: 27994: 27989: 27984: 27979: 27974: 27969: 27964: 27959: 27954: 27949: 27944: 27939: 27934: 27929: 27923: 27921: 27915: 27914: 27912: 27911: 27906: 27905: 27904: 27894: 27889: 27887:Parental leave 27884: 27882:Marriage leave 27879: 27877:Life insurance 27874: 27869: 27864: 27859: 27854: 27848: 27846: 27840: 27839: 27837: 27836: 27831: 27826: 27821: 27816: 27811: 27806: 27805: 27804: 27794: 27793: 27792: 27787: 27782: 27777: 27767: 27766: 27765: 27760: 27750: 27745: 27740: 27735: 27733:Income bracket 27729: 27727: 27717: 27716: 27714: 27713: 27708: 27703: 27698: 27693: 27688: 27683: 27678: 27673: 27668: 27666:Eight-hour day 27663: 27658: 27652: 27650: 27644: 27643: 27641: 27640: 27635: 27630: 27625: 27620: 27615: 27610: 27605: 27600: 27595: 27590: 27584: 27582: 27578: 27577: 27575: 27574: 27569: 27564: 27563: 27562: 27557: 27547: 27542: 27537: 27532: 27531: 27530: 27525: 27520: 27515: 27510: 27505: 27500: 27495: 27490: 27485: 27480: 27475: 27470: 27465: 27460: 27455: 27450: 27445: 27440: 27435: 27425: 27423:Creative class 27420: 27415: 27410: 27405: 27400: 27395: 27394: 27393: 27383: 27381:Apprenticeship 27377: 27375: 27365: 27364: 27362: 27361: 27356: 27351: 27349:Scarlet-collar 27346: 27341: 27336: 27331: 27326: 27321: 27316: 27311: 27306: 27301: 27295: 27293: 27287: 27286: 27284: 27283: 27278: 27273: 27268: 27263: 27258: 27253: 27248: 27243: 27237: 27235: 27231: 27230: 27228: 27227: 27222: 27217: 27212: 27207: 27202: 27197: 27192: 27187: 27182: 27177: 27172: 27167: 27162: 27157: 27152: 27147: 27142: 27141: 27140: 27130: 27125: 27120: 27115: 27110: 27105: 27100: 27095: 27089: 27087: 27081: 27080: 27078: 27077: 27072: 27067: 27065:Temporary work 27062: 27057: 27052: 27051: 27050: 27045: 27040: 27033:Skilled worker 27030: 27025: 27020: 27015: 27010: 27005: 27000: 26995: 26990: 26984: 26982: 26978: 26977: 26970: 26969: 26962: 26955: 26947: 26938: 26937: 26935: 26934: 26929: 26924: 26919: 26914: 26909: 26904: 26898: 26896: 26885: 26884: 26882: 26881: 26876: 26874:Right to water 26871: 26866: 26861: 26856: 26851: 26849:Right of reply 26846: 26841: 26836: 26831: 26826: 26821: 26816: 26811: 26806: 26801: 26796: 26791: 26786: 26781: 26776: 26774:Digital rights 26770: 26768: 26761: 26758: 26757: 26755: 26754: 26749: 26748: 26747: 26737: 26732: 26730:Right to truth 26727: 26722: 26717: 26712: 26707: 26702: 26697: 26692: 26687: 26682: 26677: 26672: 26667: 26662: 26657: 26652: 26647: 26642: 26637: 26632: 26627: 26622: 26617: 26612: 26607: 26602: 26597: 26592: 26587: 26582: 26577: 26571: 26569: 26563: 26562: 26559: 26556: 26555: 26547: 26546: 26539: 26532: 26524: 26515: 26514: 26512: 26511: 26501: 26491: 26480: 26477: 26476: 26474: 26473: 26468: 26466:Reverse racism 26463: 26462: 26461: 26451: 26446: 26441: 26439:Racial figleaf 26436: 26431: 26426: 26421: 26416: 26411: 26406: 26401: 26396: 26391: 26386: 26381: 26376: 26371: 26366: 26360: 26358: 26357:Related topics 26354: 26353: 26351: 26350: 26349: 26348: 26338: 26333: 26328: 26323: 26318: 26316:Middle Eastern 26313: 26308: 26307: 26306: 26301: 26291: 26290: 26289: 26279: 26274: 26273: 26272: 26267: 26257: 26256: 26255: 26250: 26249: 26248: 26238: 26237: 26236: 26231: 26221: 26220: 26219: 26214: 26199: 26193: 26191: 26187: 26186: 26184: 26183: 26182: 26181: 26176: 26171: 26161: 26160: 26159: 26154: 26149: 26139: 26138: 26137: 26132: 26127: 26122: 26112: 26111: 26110: 26108:United Kingdom 26105: 26100: 26095: 26090: 26085: 26080: 26075: 26070: 26065: 26060: 26050: 26045: 26044: 26043: 26038: 26033: 26023: 26022: 26021: 26016: 26011: 26006: 26001: 25996: 25986: 25985: 25984: 25979: 25969: 25963: 25961: 25955: 25954: 25952: 25951: 25946: 25941: 25936: 25931: 25926: 25921: 25916: 25911: 25906: 25901: 25896: 25891: 25886: 25881: 25876: 25871: 25865: 25863: 25860:Manifestations 25857: 25856: 25854: 25853: 25848: 25843: 25838: 25833: 25828: 25823: 25818: 25813: 25808: 25803: 25798: 25793: 25788: 25783: 25778: 25773: 25768: 25763: 25758: 25752: 25750: 25746: 25745: 25738: 25737: 25730: 25723: 25715: 25706: 25705: 25703: 25702: 25692: 25681: 25678: 25677: 25675: 25674: 25669: 25668: 25667: 25657: 25652: 25647: 25646: 25645: 25640: 25635: 25625: 25620: 25615: 25610: 25605: 25600: 25599: 25598: 25596:Reverse racism 25588: 25583: 25578: 25573: 25568: 25566:Prisoner abuse 25563: 25558: 25556:Power distance 25553: 25548: 25543: 25538: 25533: 25528: 25523: 25522: 25521: 25511: 25506: 25501: 25496: 25491: 25486: 25481: 25476: 25474:Ethnic penalty 25471: 25470: 25469: 25467:Neurodiversity 25464: 25454: 25452:Dehumanization 25449: 25444: 25442:Cisnormativity 25439: 25434: 25429: 25423: 25421: 25420:Related topics 25417: 25416: 25414: 25413: 25408: 25403: 25398: 25393: 25388: 25383: 25378: 25373: 25368: 25363: 25358: 25353: 25348: 25343: 25342: 25341: 25331: 25326: 25321: 25316: 25311: 25306: 25300: 25298: 25294: 25293: 25291: 25290: 25285: 25280: 25278:State religion 25275: 25270: 25265: 25260: 25259: 25258: 25253: 25248: 25243: 25233: 25228: 25223: 25218: 25217: 25216: 25214:Nuremberg Laws 25211: 25201: 25196: 25191: 25183: 25178: 25173: 25168: 25163: 25158: 25156:Ghetto benches 25153: 25151:Gerrymandering 25148: 25143: 25138: 25136:Gender pay gap 25133: 25132: 25131: 25126: 25116: 25111: 25106: 25101: 25095: 25093: 25090:Discriminatory 25087: 25086: 25084: 25083: 25078: 25073: 25068: 25063: 25058: 25053: 25048: 25043: 25038: 25033: 25028: 25023: 25018: 25013: 25008: 25003: 24998: 24993: 24988: 24983: 24978: 24973: 24968: 24967: 24966: 24961: 24956: 24946: 24941: 24936: 24931: 24926: 24921: 24919:Lavender scare 24916: 24914:Kill Haole Day 24911: 24909:Indian rolling 24906: 24901: 24896: 24891: 24886: 24885: 24884: 24874: 24869: 24868: 24867: 24857: 24852: 24847: 24842: 24837: 24832: 24827: 24822: 24817: 24812: 24807: 24802: 24797: 24795:Eliminationism 24792: 24787: 24782: 24777: 24772: 24767: 24762: 24757: 24752: 24747: 24742: 24737: 24732: 24730:Cancel culture 24727: 24722: 24717: 24716: 24715: 24704: 24702: 24701:Manifestations 24698: 24697: 24695: 24694: 24689: 24684: 24679: 24674: 24669: 24664: 24659: 24654: 24649: 24644: 24639: 24634: 24629: 24624: 24619: 24614: 24609: 24604: 24599: 24594: 24589: 24587:Middle Eastern 24584: 24579: 24574: 24569: 24564: 24559: 24554: 24553: 24552: 24542: 24537: 24532: 24527: 24526: 24525: 24520: 24515: 24507: 24502: 24497: 24492: 24487: 24482: 24477: 24472: 24467: 24462: 24457: 24452: 24447: 24442: 24437: 24432: 24427: 24422: 24421: 24420: 24415: 24410: 24400: 24395: 24390: 24389: 24388: 24383: 24378: 24368: 24363: 24358: 24353: 24348: 24343: 24337: 24335: 24328: 24327: 24325: 24324: 24322:Zoroastrianism 24319: 24314: 24309: 24304: 24299: 24298: 24297: 24287: 24286: 24285: 24284: 24283: 24278: 24273: 24268: 24263: 24248: 24247: 24246: 24244:Untouchability 24241: 24231: 24226: 24225: 24224: 24219: 24214: 24209: 24204: 24194: 24189: 24184: 24179: 24173: 24171: 24165: 24164: 24162: 24161: 24156: 24151: 24150: 24149: 24144: 24139: 24129: 24128: 24127: 24122: 24112: 24107: 24102: 24097: 24092: 24087: 24082: 24077: 24072: 24067: 24065:Leprosy stigma 24062: 24057: 24052: 24047: 24042: 24037: 24032: 24027: 24022: 24017: 24012: 24007: 24002: 23997: 23992: 23987: 23982: 23977: 23972: 23967: 23962: 23957: 23952: 23947: 23942: 23937: 23931: 23929: 23925: 23924: 23922: 23921: 23916: 23911: 23906: 23901: 23896: 23891: 23890: 23889: 23884: 23874: 23869: 23864: 23859: 23854: 23849: 23844: 23839: 23834: 23829: 23824: 23818: 23816: 23812: 23811: 23809: 23808: 23803: 23798: 23793: 23787: 23785: 23781: 23780: 23777:Discrimination 23773: 23772: 23765: 23758: 23750: 23741: 23740: 23738: 23737: 23732: 23727: 23722: 23717: 23712: 23707: 23705:Haruwa–charuwa 23702: 23697: 23692: 23686: 23683: 23682: 23674: 23673: 23666: 23659: 23651: 23642: 23641: 23639: 23638: 23630: 23622: 23614: 23606: 23598: 23590: 23582: 23577: 23572: 23567: 23562: 23557: 23552: 23547: 23542: 23537: 23532: 23526: 23524: 23520: 23519: 23517: 23516: 23508: 23499: 23497: 23493: 23492: 23490: 23489: 23481: 23473: 23464: 23462: 23458: 23457: 23455: 23454: 23446: 23438: 23436: 23432: 23431: 23429: 23428: 23420: 23412: 23403: 23401: 23397: 23396: 23394: 23393: 23385: 23377: 23369: 23361: 23353: 23345: 23337: 23329: 23325:Middle Passage 23321: 23313: 23305: 23297: 23289: 23281: 23273: 23265: 23257: 23249: 23227: 23219: 23211: 23203: 23195: 23186: 23184: 23182:Fiction/novels 23178: 23177: 23175: 23174: 23166: 23158: 23150: 23142: 23134: 23126: 23118: 23110: 23102: 23094: 23086: 23078: 23070: 23062: 23053: 23051: 23047: 23046: 23043: 23042: 23040: 23039: 23033: 23027: 23020: 23018: 23014: 23013: 23011: 23010: 23004: 22999: 22996:Wallace Willis 22993: 22988: 22983: 22978: 22976:Harriet Tubman 22973: 22966: 22963:Austin Steward 22960: 22955: 22950: 22945: 22940: 22935: 22933:William Parker 22930: 22924: 22919: 22914: 22908: 22903: 22901:J. Vance Lewis 22898: 22893: 22888: 22883: 22877: 22872: 22867: 22865:Harriet Jacobs 22862: 22857: 22852: 22846: 22841: 22839:William Grimes 22836: 22831:(19th century 22826: 22821: 22816: 22811: 22801: 22796: 22790: 22788:Kate Drumgoold 22785: 22780: 22775: 22770: 22765: 22760: 22755: 22750: 22744: 22739: 22734: 22729: 22723: 22718: 22713: 22708: 22706:Solomon Bayley 22703: 22698: 22693: 22688: 22682: 22680: 22677:North America: 22674: 22673: 22671: 22670: 22664: 22657: 22651: 22645: 22638: 22636: 22633:North America: 22630: 22629: 22627: 22626: 22623:John R. Jewitt 22620: 22613: 22611: 22608:North America: 22605: 22604: 22602: 22601: 22596: 22591: 22585: 22583: 22582:Ottoman Empire 22579: 22578: 22576: 22575: 22569: 22563: 22560:Jean Marteilhe 22557: 22551: 22545: 22538: 22536: 22532: 22531: 22529: 22528: 22521: 22519: 22515: 22514: 22512: 22511: 22505: 22499: 22493: 22487: 22474: 22468: 22462: 22456: 22450: 22444: 22443:(late 19th c.) 22438: 22432: 22426: 22420: 22417:Isaac Brassard 22414: 22408: 22402: 22395: 22393: 22386: 22385:of enslavement 22378: 22377: 22375: 22374: 22368: 22365: 22364: 22357: 22356: 22349: 22342: 22334: 22328: 22325: 22324: 22315: 22314: 22308: 22300: 22297: 22296: 22295: 22286: 22275: 22266: 22260: 22251: 22239: 22230: 22224: 22204: 22195: 22185: 22174: 22171: 22169: 22168:External links 22166: 22165: 22164: 22158: 22142:Sowell, Thomas 22138: 22132: 22117: 22111: 22096: 22075: 22057: 22036: 22018: 22012: 21993: 21987: 21968: 21962: 21943: 21937: 21931:. Peter Lang. 21920: 21917: 21916: 21915: 21909: 21890: 21884: 21865: 21843: 21827:Cato Institute 21819:Hamowy, Ronald 21810: 21799: 21793: 21774: 21764: 21745: 21739: 21717: 21703: 21697: 21678: 21672: 21664:Westview Press 21655: 21645: 21627: 21610: 21573: 21567: 21549: 21543: 21525: 21519: 21500: 21494: 21479: 21473: 21458: 21452: 21433: 21427: 21405: 21399: 21379: 21376: 21375: 21374: 21356:(1): 109–112. 21345: 21335:(3): 463–466. 21322: 21296:(2): 503–513. 21285: 21275:(1): 141–147. 21264: 21254:(4): 792–793. 21243: 21214: 21188:(2): 161–183. 21177: 21159:(2): 296–298. 21147: 21146: 21142: 21141: 21135: 21120: 21114: 21089: 21083: 21061: 21055: 21033: 21027: 21008: 21002: 20983: 20977: 20958: 20952: 20933: 20923: 20905: 20899: 20880: 20874: 20855: 20849: 20834: 20828: 20809: 20803: 20784: 20778: 20759: 20753: 20731: 20725: 20703: 20681: 20665:Cato Institute 20657:Hamowy, Ronald 20648: 20642: 20619: 20618: 20613: 20610: 20608: 20605: 20603: 20602: 20581: 20562: 20556: 20543: 20525:(3): 201–253. 20512: 20499: 20480: 20472:|journal= 20446: 20429: 20416: 20394: 20388: 20366: 20360: 20338: 20332: 20313: 20300: 20294: 20275: 20269: 20244: 20238: 20219: 20206: 20185: 20179: 20161:Lewis, Bernard 20157: 20124:(2): 170–179. 20106: 20093: 20087:. p. 49. 20074: 20068: 20051: 20045: 20023: 20010: 20004: 19994:. Athens, GA: 19983: 19964: 19958: 19938: 19926:(4): 943–974. 19911: 19893:(4): 735–743. 19882: 19876: 19856: 19850: 19833: 19827: 19808: 19796: 19790: 19767: 19761: 19738: 19732: 19717: 19698: 19692: 19670: 19655:guides.loc.gov 19646: 19633: 19619: 19600: 19594: 19572: 19566: 19550: 19544: 19528: 19516: 19489: 19487: 19484: 19481: 19480: 19458: 19421: 19408:10.2307/494885 19386: 19374: 19359: 19312: 19305: 19281: 19246: 19239: 19215: 19188: 19170:. Oxford, UK: 19158: 19141: 19115: 19089: 19064: 19030: 19005: 18979: 18946: 18920: 18894: 18863: 18833: 18806: 18791: 18773: 18751: 18727: 18702: 18691:on May 2, 2013 18666: 18640: 18618: 18592: 18566: 18559: 18539: 18492: 18453: 18432:Berghahn Books 18414: 18396: 18376: 18350: 18314: 18304: 18284: 18255: 18248: 18227: 18220: 18199: 18166: 18132: 18107: 18077: 18047: 18016: 17991: 17963: 17926: 17902: 17883: 17855: 17827: 17795: 17763: 17731: 17683: 17653: 17620: 17592: 17562: 17536: 17510: 17485: 17459: 17433: 17414: 17399:Doctorow, Cory 17390: 17364: 17350: 17333: 17315: 17284: 17258: 17233: 17205: 17177: 17150: 17124: 17101: 17070: 17050: 17027: 17004: 16978: 16942: 16923: 16916: 16899: 16887: 16857: 16827: 16813:The New Yorker 16799: 16773: 16759: 16735: 16721: 16707: 16685: 16678: 16666:Dalman, Gustaf 16657: 16639: 16603: 16590:"Soldier Khan" 16581: 16555: 16543: 16521: 16506: 16491: 16466: 16459: 16429: 16408: 16369: 16349: 16325: 16288: 16285:Meltzer (1993) 16264: 16260:Applebaum 2003 16252: 16240: 16210: 16195:. May 12, 2020 16180: 16160: 16127: 16116:. May 30, 2001 16105: 16079: 16057: 16050: 16030: 15998: 15973: 15962:(2): 189–210. 15938: 15911: 15897: 15873: 15866: 15842: 15828: 15804: 15790: 15766: 15759: 15730: 15716: 15696: 15678: 15655: 15648: 15630: 15591: 15565: 15539: 15532: 15526:. p. 37. 15522:. Manchester: 15508: 15485: 15461: 15435: 15432:, pp. 8–9 15417: 15410: 15388: 15358: 15335: 15314:(4): 830–832. 15294: 15276: 15252: 15234: 15228:. p. 96. 15210: 15196: 15172: 15158: 15134: 15112: 15089: 15078:. May 14, 2020 15063: 15056: 15033: 15026: 15005: 14992:10.2307/293259 14964: 14957: 14939: 14932: 14924:Westview Press 14906: 14899: 14875: 14845: 14819: 14805: 14781: 14755: 14712: 14704:Slaves called 14691: 14667: 14660: 14654:. p. 13. 14629: 14603: 14593: 14560: 14546: 14521: 14494:Prakash (1985) 14490:Prakash (1998) 14478: 14460: 14430:(3): 277–288. 14410: 14400: 14393: 14375: 14361: 14337: 14330: 14312: 14298: 14292:. p. 37. 14274: 14260: 14236: 14233:. p. 465. 14217: 14206:(4): 463–492. 14190: 14170: 14155: 14135: 14128: 14106: 14094: 14083: 14062: 14051: 14033: 14015: 13991: 13977: 13953: 13939: 13915: 13900: 13883: 13853: 13839: 13808: 13794: 13763: 13749: 13725: 13718: 13696: 13666: 13655:on May 5, 2019 13635: 13628: 13601: 13594: 13574: 13560: 13533: 13531:, p. 157. 13521: 13504: 13490: 13466: 13448: 13442:. p. 50. 13424: 13412: 13377: 13370: 13341: 13337:Rodriguez 1997 13312: 13310:, p. 206. 13300: 13298:, p. 145. 13288: 13274: 13250: 13236: 13230:. p. 69. 13212: 13206: 13178:Granet, Marcel 13169: 13162: 13138: 13132:, p. 51; 13128:, p. 49; 13118: 13088: 13081: 13057: 13050: 13026: 13019: 12995: 12986: 12977: 12973:Rodriguez 1997 12960: 12943: 12916:(1): 229–242. 12900: 12870: 12863: 12839: 12813: 12782: 12764: 12753:. January 1992 12738: 12716: 12708: 12685: 12678: 12654: 12647: 12627: 12609: 12598: 12592:. p. 44. 12574: 12549: 12542: 12536:. p. 18. 12518: 12499: 12487: 12480: 12456: 12423: 12416: 12410:. p. 17. 12389: 12359: 12329: 12311: 12284: 12277: 12251: 12244: 12223: 12216: 12194: 12168: 12165:, Los Angeles. 12146: 12143:Burnham (1993) 12137:, p. 46; 12125:, p. 78; 12111: 12104: 12083: 12076: 12056: 12034: 12014: 11969: 11961: 11943: 11925: 11917: 11911:. p. xi. 11895: 11877: 11859: 11827: 11809: 11787: 11746: 11721: 11714: 11708:. p. 16. 11690: 11668: 11661: 11637: 11630: 11610: 11576: 11550: 11506: 11478: 11459: 11442: 11420: 11406: 11386: 11384:, p. 173. 11374: 11348: 11322: 11290: 11265: 11238: 11223: 11184: 11158: 11147: 11123: 11113: 11093: 11086: 11066: 11040: 11021: 11019:, p. 585. 11009: 11002: 10978: 10946: 10914: 10907: 10883: 10871: 10864: 10844: 10837: 10812: 10790: 10783: 10760: 10721: 10692: 10678:The Daily Star 10663: 10656: 10650:. p. 27. 10630: 10613:Britannica.com 10600: 10574: 10547: 10517: 10492: 10473: 10466: 10442: 10406: 10403:. p. 272. 10393:Stengers, Jean 10384: 10366:Foreign Policy 10352: 10330: 10304: 10285: 10271: 10264: 10237: 10225: 10211: 10187: 10173: 10167:. p. 68. 10149: 10129: 10103: 10091:MPRA Paper 372 10077: 10032: 10005:(4): 777–803. 9987: 9958: 9936: 9924: 9912:dictionary.com 9903:"wage slavery" 9894: 9879: 9836: 9809: 9802: 9796:. p. 26. 9778: 9752: 9738:davidkopel.com 9721: 9698: 9676: 9652: 9621: 9589: 9571: 9544: 9522: 9496: 9478: 9470:Westview Press 9456: 9441: 9434: 9412: 9405: 9387: 9361: 9348:United Nations 9335: 9320: 9282: 9268: 9242: 9232: 9207: 9200: 9182: 9175: 9157: 9150:. p. 10. 9134: 9094: 9087: 9069: 9038: 9020: 8984: 8970: 8946: 8919: 8902: 8891: 8864: 8857: 8828: 8821: 8792: 8762: 8731: 8705: 8693: 8675: 8654:(1): 169–172. 8634: 8617: 8587: 8562: 8535: 8517:The New Yorker 8499: 8470: 8463: 8457:. p. 43. 8439: 8427: 8392: 8385: 8359: 8352: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8286:List of slaves 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8258: 8256: 8253: 8250: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8207: 8202: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8190: 8188:United Kingdom 8177: 8172: 8167: 8164: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8149: 8142: 8128:United Kingdom 8117: 8112: 8107: 8104: 8099: 8095: 8094: 8091: 8088: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8062: 8057: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8046: 8032:United Kingdom 8021: 8018: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8001: 8000: 7995: 7993: 7980: 7977: 7974: 7971: 7966: 7962: 7961: 7956: 7954: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7928: 7923: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7887: 7879: 7875: 7874: 7871: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7849: 7844: 7840: 7839: 7836: 7833: 7808: 7805: 7800: 7797: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7784: 7781: 7767:United Kingdom 7756: 7753: 7748: 7745: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7719: 7717:Pedro Telemaco 7714: 7709: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7677:United Kingdom 7666: 7661: 7656: 7653: 7648: 7644: 7643: 7638: 7635: 7622: 7617: 7615:Jonathan Demme 7612: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7599: 7596: 7593: 7580: 7578:Djimon Hounsou 7575: 7570: 7567: 7562: 7558: 7557: 7552: 7545: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7519: 7511: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7494: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7468: 7463: 7459: 7458: 7453: 7446: 7433: 7430: 7417: 7414: 7406: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7389: 7376: 7373: 7371:Herval Rossano 7368: 7365: 7360:Escrava Isaura 7357: 7353: 7352: 7347: 7340: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7314: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7270: 7260: 7256: 7255: 7250: 7243: 7230: 7227: 7222: 7219: 7214: 7210: 7209: 7206: 7203: 7190: 7188:Horst Buchholz 7185: 7180: 7177: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7164: 7161: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7135: 7130: 7126: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7102: 7097: 7095:D. W. Griffith 7092: 7089: 7084: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7073: 7070: 7067: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7049:sensationalism 7032:La última cena 6946: 6943: 6933:In June 2023, 6912:Main article: 6909: 6906: 6841:Jerry Rawlings 6837:Bight of Benin 6835:bordering the 6790: 6787: 6758:Abraham Skorka 6700:In the 1860s, 6682: 6679: 6659:British Empire 6623:Sons of Africa 6613:Lord Mansfield 6604: 6601: 6509: 6506: 6469: 6466: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6305: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6276: 6274:Moresby Treaty 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6243: 6235: 6230: 6222: 6214: 6206: 6201: 6193: 6185: 6177: 6169: 6161: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6122: 6121: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6089:Firman of 1857 6086: 6084:Firman of 1854 6081: 6076: 6074:Firman of 1830 6071: 6065: 6062: 6061: 6054: 6053: 6046: 6039: 6031: 6014:Main article: 6011: 6008: 5982: 5979: 5973: 5970: 5939: 5936: 5924:European Union 5920:United Nations 5909: 5906: 5897: 5894: 5865: 5862: 5767: 5764: 5719:In June 2013, 5716: 5713: 5709:Central Africa 5657:Siddharth Kara 5617: 5614: 5523:Ottoman Empire 5507:Constantinople 5503:Ottoman Empire 5352: 5349: 5289:and notes its 5230:Anne Applebaum 5210:Main article: 5207: 5204: 5174:Main article: 5163: 5160: 5114:Russian Empire 5024:Medieval Spain 5019:, 13th Century 4894:medieval Wales 4886:Hywel the Good 4875:Zanj Rebellion 4844:Eastern Europe 4825:early medieval 4745: 4742: 4686:Roman Republic 4634: 4631: 4629: 4626: 4607: 4604: 4602:in the 1880s. 4568: 4565: 4514: 4511: 4355:Chinese Muslim 4205: 4202: 4194: 4191: 4118:13th Amendment 4057:acquired from 3938: 3935: 3908:Port-au-Prince 3828:Following the 3800:Saint-Domingue 3768: 3765: 3693: 3690: 3640:Dutch Suriname 3579: 3576: 3534: 3531: 3492:slave triangle 3401:Diagrams of a 3400: 3399: 3390: 3389: 3388: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3375: 3361:, such as the 3323:, such as the 3279: 3276: 3260:Ashanti Empire 3250:, such as the 3195:Middle Passage 3175:chattel slaves 3147:Eduard Rüppell 3056:Zanj Rebellion 2959:Middle eastern 2953:to be sold to 2941:, slaves from 2858: 2855: 2801:Main article: 2798: 2795: 2783:ancient Athens 2770: 2767: 2697: 2694: 2692: 2689: 2642: 2641:Identification 2639: 2635:Siddharth Kara 2540: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2457: 2454: 2440:Child marriage 2431: 2428: 2398:Main article: 2395: 2392: 2377:modern slavery 2350:Main article: 2347: 2344: 2323: 2320: 2300:Money marriage 2289:Money marriage 2281:Main article: 2278: 2275: 2271:did so in 1981 2181:Medieval Egypt 2125: 2122: 2095: 2092: 2040:Medieval Latin 1954:Middle English 1941: 1938: 1934:child soldiers 1914:private sector 1788: 1787: 1785: 1784: 1777: 1770: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1731: 1730: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1675: 1674: 1673: 1668: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1641: 1634:List of slaves 1631: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1619: 1609: 1604: 1599: 1593: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1549: 1544: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1516: 1515: 1505: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1476: 1466: 1461: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1398: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1352: 1346: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1257: 1252: 1247: 1242: 1237: 1231: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1185: 1180: 1178:Dutch Republic 1175: 1170: 1169: 1168: 1163: 1155: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1110: 1109: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1096: 1095: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1058: 1057: 1056: 1046: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1002: 997: 992: 986: 985: 979: 978: 973: 966: 965: 964: 959: 949: 944: 939: 938: 937: 927: 922: 921: 920: 915: 910: 905: 895: 890: 885: 884: 883: 878: 873: 868: 863: 858: 853: 848: 843: 838: 828: 827: 826: 816: 815: 814: 803: 802: 796: 795: 790: 785: 780: 779: 778: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 743: 738: 733: 728: 723: 722: 721: 711: 706: 701: 695: 694: 688: 685: 684: 681: 680: 677: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 650: 649: 645: 644: 639: 637:Child soldiers 634: 629: 624: 619: 614: 613: 612: 602: 597: 592: 587: 586: 585: 580: 575: 564: 563: 559: 558: 553: 548: 546:Spanish Empire 543: 538: 533: 528: 526:Middle Passage 523: 518: 513: 508: 502: 501: 495: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 464: 463: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 433: 428: 423: 418: 413: 408: 403: 398: 388: 387: 386: 381: 376: 371: 366: 356: 355: 354: 347:Ottoman Empire 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 308: 302: 301: 295: 294: 293: 292: 282: 277: 272: 271: 270: 265: 260: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 224: 223: 217: 216: 211: 206: 201: 195: 194: 188: 183: 182: 179: 178: 175: 174: 169: 167:Sexual slavery 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 139: 134: 133: 132: 127: 125:Child marriage 122: 112: 107: 102: 100:Child soldiers 97: 91: 86: 85: 82: 81: 73: 72: 62: 61: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 35647: 35636: 35633: 35631: 35628: 35626: 35623: 35621: 35618: 35616: 35613: 35611: 35608: 35607: 35605: 35576: 35573: 35571: 35568: 35566: 35563: 35561: 35558: 35556: 35552: 35551:Structuralism 35549: 35547: 35544: 35542: 35539: 35537: 35534: 35532: 35529: 35527: 35524: 35522: 35518: 35517:Scholasticism 35515: 35513: 35510: 35508: 35505: 35503: 35499: 35496: 35494: 35491: 35489: 35486: 35484: 35481: 35479: 35476: 35474: 35471: 35469: 35465: 35462: 35460: 35459:Phenomenology 35457: 35455: 35452: 35450: 35447: 35445: 35442: 35440: 35437: 35435: 35432: 35430: 35427: 35425: 35422: 35420: 35419:Postmodernism 35416: 35413: 35411: 35408: 35406: 35403: 35401: 35398: 35396: 35393: 35391: 35388: 35386: 35382: 35379: 35377: 35374: 35372: 35371:Individualism 35369: 35367: 35366:ʿIlm al-Kalām 35364: 35362: 35359: 35357: 35354: 35352: 35348: 35345: 35343: 35340: 35338: 35334: 35331: 35329: 35326: 35324: 35321: 35319: 35316: 35314: 35311: 35309: 35306: 35304: 35301: 35299: 35296: 35294: 35291: 35289: 35286: 35284: 35281: 35279: 35276: 35274: 35271: 35269: 35266: 35264: 35261: 35259: 35256: 35254: 35250: 35247: 35245: 35242: 35240: 35237: 35235: 35232: 35230: 35227: 35225: 35222: 35220: 35217: 35215: 35212: 35211: 35209: 35207: 35201: 35195: 35192: 35190: 35187: 35185: 35182: 35180: 35177: 35175: 35172: 35170: 35167: 35165: 35162: 35160: 35157: 35155: 35151: 35147: 35143: 35140: 35138: 35135: 35133: 35130: 35128: 35125: 35123: 35120: 35118: 35115: 35113: 35110: 35108: 35105: 35103: 35100: 35098: 35095: 35091: 35088: 35087: 35086: 35083: 35081: 35078: 35076: 35073: 35071: 35068: 35066: 35063: 35061: 35058: 35057: 35055: 35053: 35049: 35043: 35040: 35038: 35035: 35033: 35030: 35028: 35025: 35023: 35020: 35018: 35017:Republicanism 35015: 35013: 35010: 35008: 35005: 35003: 35002:Progressivism 35000: 34998: 34995: 34993: 34990: 34988: 34985: 34983: 34980: 34978: 34975: 34973: 34970: 34968: 34965: 34963: 34960: 34958: 34955: 34953: 34950: 34948: 34947:Individualism 34945: 34943: 34940: 34938: 34935: 34933: 34930: 34928: 34925: 34923: 34920: 34918: 34915: 34913: 34910: 34908: 34905: 34903: 34900: 34898: 34895: 34893: 34890: 34888: 34885: 34883: 34880: 34878: 34875: 34873: 34870: 34868: 34865: 34863: 34860: 34858: 34855: 34853: 34850: 34848: 34845: 34843: 34840: 34839: 34837: 34835: 34828: 34822: 34819: 34817: 34814: 34812: 34809: 34807: 34804: 34802: 34799: 34798: 34796: 34794: 34790: 34786: 34779: 34775: 34761: 34758: 34756: 34753: 34751: 34747: 34744: 34742: 34739: 34737: 34734: 34732: 34729: 34727: 34724: 34722: 34719: 34717: 34714: 34712: 34709: 34707: 34704: 34702: 34699: 34697: 34696:Social stigma 34694: 34692: 34689: 34685: 34682: 34681: 34680: 34677: 34675: 34672: 34670: 34667: 34665: 34662: 34660: 34657: 34655: 34652: 34650: 34647: 34645: 34642: 34640: 34637: 34635: 34632: 34630: 34627: 34623: 34620: 34619: 34618: 34615: 34613: 34610: 34608: 34605: 34603: 34600: 34598: 34595: 34591: 34588: 34587: 34586: 34583: 34579: 34576: 34574: 34573:jurisprudence 34571: 34570: 34569: 34566: 34564: 34561: 34559: 34556: 34554: 34551: 34549: 34546: 34544: 34541: 34539: 34536: 34534: 34530: 34527: 34525: 34522: 34518: 34515: 34514: 34513: 34510: 34508: 34507:Family values 34505: 34503: 34500: 34498: 34495: 34493: 34490: 34488: 34487:Entertainment 34485: 34481: 34478: 34477: 34476: 34473: 34471: 34468: 34464: 34461: 34459: 34456: 34455: 34454: 34451: 34449: 34446: 34444: 34441: 34439: 34436: 34434: 34431: 34429: 34426: 34424: 34421: 34419: 34416: 34414: 34411: 34409: 34406: 34404: 34401: 34399: 34396: 34394: 34391: 34389: 34385: 34382: 34380: 34377: 34375: 34372: 34371: 34369: 34367: 34363: 34357: 34356:Unobservables 34354: 34352: 34349: 34347: 34344: 34342: 34339: 34337: 34334: 34332: 34329: 34327: 34324: 34322: 34319: 34317: 34314: 34310: 34307: 34306: 34305: 34302: 34298: 34295: 34294: 34293: 34290: 34286: 34283: 34282: 34281: 34278: 34276: 34273: 34269: 34268:philosophical 34266: 34265: 34264: 34261: 34259: 34256: 34252: 34249: 34248: 34247: 34244: 34242: 34239: 34237: 34234: 34232: 34229: 34227: 34224: 34222: 34219: 34217: 34214: 34212: 34209: 34207: 34204: 34202: 34199: 34197: 34194: 34192: 34189: 34187: 34184: 34182: 34178: 34175: 34173: 34170: 34168: 34165: 34163: 34159: 34156: 34154: 34151: 34149: 34146: 34142: 34139: 34138: 34137: 34134: 34132: 34131:Creation myth 34129: 34125: 34122: 34121: 34120: 34117: 34115: 34112: 34108: 34105: 34104: 34103: 34102:Consciousness 34100: 34098: 34095: 34093: 34090: 34088: 34085: 34083: 34080: 34078: 34075: 34074: 34072: 34070: 34066: 34060: 34057: 34053: 34050: 34048: 34045: 34044: 34043: 34040: 34036: 34033: 34032: 34031: 34028: 34026: 34023: 34021: 34018: 34014: 34011: 34009: 34006: 34005: 34004: 34001: 33999: 33996: 33994: 33991: 33989: 33986: 33984: 33981: 33979: 33976: 33974: 33971: 33969: 33966: 33964: 33961: 33959: 33956: 33952: 33949: 33948: 33947: 33944: 33942: 33939: 33935: 33932: 33930: 33927: 33926: 33925: 33922: 33918: 33915: 33914: 33913: 33910: 33908: 33905: 33901: 33898: 33897: 33896: 33893: 33892: 33890: 33888: 33884: 33878: 33875: 33873: 33870: 33868: 33865: 33863: 33860: 33858: 33855: 33853: 33850: 33848: 33845: 33843: 33840: 33838: 33835: 33833: 33830: 33826: 33823: 33822: 33821: 33818: 33816: 33813: 33811: 33808: 33806: 33803: 33801: 33800:Social action 33798: 33796: 33793: 33791: 33788: 33786: 33783: 33781: 33778: 33776: 33773: 33771: 33770:Peer pressure 33768: 33766: 33763: 33761: 33758: 33756: 33753: 33751: 33748: 33746: 33743: 33741: 33737: 33734: 33732: 33729: 33727: 33724: 33722: 33719: 33717: 33714: 33712: 33709: 33707: 33704: 33702: 33701:Herd behavior 33699: 33697: 33694: 33692: 33689: 33687: 33686:Group emotion 33684: 33682: 33679: 33677: 33674: 33672: 33669: 33667: 33664: 33662: 33659: 33657: 33654: 33652: 33649: 33647: 33644: 33642: 33639: 33637: 33634: 33632: 33629: 33627: 33624: 33622: 33619: 33617: 33614: 33612: 33609: 33607: 33604: 33602: 33599: 33595: 33592: 33591: 33590: 33587: 33585: 33582: 33580: 33577: 33575: 33572: 33571: 33569: 33567: 33563: 33557: 33554: 33552: 33549: 33547: 33544: 33542: 33538: 33537:Social status 33534: 33531: 33529: 33526: 33522: 33519: 33518: 33517: 33514: 33512: 33509: 33507: 33504: 33502: 33499: 33497: 33494: 33492: 33489: 33487: 33484: 33482: 33479: 33477: 33474: 33470: 33467: 33466: 33465: 33462: 33458: 33455: 33454: 33453: 33450: 33448: 33445: 33443: 33440: 33438: 33434: 33431: 33429: 33426: 33424: 33420: 33416: 33413: 33411: 33408: 33406: 33403: 33401: 33398: 33396: 33393: 33391: 33388: 33386: 33383: 33379: 33376: 33374: 33371: 33370: 33369: 33366: 33365: 33363: 33361: 33357: 33351: 33350:Woozle effect 33348: 33346: 33345:Systemic bias 33343: 33341: 33338: 33336: 33333: 33331: 33328: 33326: 33323: 33321: 33318: 33316: 33315:Social change 33313: 33311: 33308: 33306: 33303: 33301: 33298: 33296: 33293: 33291: 33288: 33284: 33281: 33280: 33279: 33276: 33274: 33271: 33269: 33266: 33264: 33261: 33259: 33256: 33254: 33251: 33249: 33246: 33244: 33241: 33239: 33236: 33234: 33231: 33229: 33226: 33224: 33221: 33219: 33216: 33214: 33211: 33209: 33206: 33202: 33199: 33198: 33197: 33194: 33192: 33191:Fearmongering 33189: 33187: 33184: 33182: 33179: 33175: 33172: 33170: 33167: 33166: 33165: 33162: 33160: 33157: 33155: 33154:Deprogramming 33152: 33150: 33147: 33145: 33142: 33140: 33137: 33135: 33132: 33130: 33127: 33125: 33122: 33120: 33117: 33115: 33112: 33110: 33107: 33105: 33102: 33100: 33097: 33095: 33092: 33091: 33089: 33083: 33075: 33072: 33071: 33070: 33067: 33065: 33062: 33058: 33055: 33053: 33050: 33048: 33045: 33044: 33043: 33040: 33038: 33035: 33033: 33030: 33028: 33025: 33023: 33020: 33018: 33015: 33013: 33010: 33008: 33005: 33003: 33000: 32998: 32995: 32993: 32992:Filter bubble 32990: 32988: 32987:Ethnocentrism 32985: 32983: 32980: 32978: 32975: 32973: 32970: 32968: 32965: 32963: 32960: 32956: 32953: 32952: 32951: 32948: 32946: 32943: 32941: 32938: 32936: 32933: 32931: 32928: 32927: 32925: 32923: 32919: 32915: 32908: 32904: 32894: 32891: 32889: 32886: 32884: 32881: 32879: 32876: 32874: 32871: 32869: 32866: 32864: 32861: 32859: 32856: 32854: 32851: 32849: 32846: 32844: 32843:Point of view 32841: 32839: 32836: 32834: 32831: 32829: 32826: 32824: 32821: 32819: 32818:Metanarrative 32816: 32814: 32811: 32809: 32805: 32802: 32800: 32797: 32795: 32792: 32790: 32787: 32785: 32782: 32780: 32776: 32773: 32771: 32767: 32763: 32760: 32758: 32755: 32753: 32750: 32748: 32745: 32743: 32740: 32738: 32735: 32733: 32729: 32726: 32724: 32720: 32719:Basic beliefs 32717: 32716: 32713: 32709:Related terms 32706: 32702: 32698: 32691: 32686: 32684: 32679: 32677: 32672: 32671: 32668: 32655: 32646: 32643: 32634: 32633: 32630: 32623: 32622:United States 32619: 32614: 32610: 32607: 32603: 32600: 32596: 32593: 32589: 32588: 32584: 32581: 32577: 32574: 32570: 32565: 32561: 32560: 32558: 32554: 32551: 32547: 32544: 32540: 32537: 32533: 32530: 32526: 32523: 32519: 32516: 32512: 32509: 32505: 32502: 32498: 32495: 32491: 32488: 32484: 32481: 32477: 32474: 32470: 32467: 32463: 32460: 32456: 32453: 32449: 32448: 32446: 32444: 32440: 32433: 32429: 32426: 32422: 32419: 32415: 32414: 32412: 32408: 32401: 32397: 32394: 32390: 32389: 32387: 32383: 32376: 32372: 32369: 32365: 32362: 32358: 32355: 32351: 32348: 32344: 32341: 32340: 32335: 32332: 32328: 32325: 32321: 32318: 32314: 32311: 32307: 32304: 32300: 32297: 32293: 32290: 32286: 32283: 32279: 32276: 32272: 32269: 32265: 32262: 32258: 32255: 32251: 32247: 32243: 32242: 32240: 32238:Organizations 32236: 32227: 32226:United States 32223: 32222: 32220: 32216: 32213: 32209: 32206: 32202: 32199: 32195: 32192: 32188: 32185: 32181: 32178: 32174: 32169: 32168:United States 32165: 32164: 32162: 32158: 32153: 32152:United States 32149: 32148: 32146: 32142: 32139: 32135: 32130: 32129:United States 32126: 32125: 32123: 32119: 32116: 32112: 32109: 32105: 32102: 32101:Mobile phones 32098: 32095: 32091: 32088: 32084: 32081: 32077: 32074: 32070: 32067: 32063: 32058: 32057:United States 32054: 32053: 32051: 32047: 32046: 32044: 32042:Social issues 32040: 32033: 32029: 32026: 32022: 32019: 32015: 32010: 32006: 32003: 31999: 31998: 31996: 31992: 31987: 31986:United States 31983: 31982: 31980: 31976: 31973: 31969: 31966: 31962: 31961: 31959: 31955: 31944: 31940: 31935: 31931: 31930: 31928: 31924: 31923: 31921: 31919: 31915: 31908: 31904: 31901: 31900:Trusty system 31897: 31894: 31890: 31887: 31883: 31880: 31876: 31873: 31869: 31866: 31862: 31859: 31855: 31852: 31848: 31845: 31841: 31840: 31838: 31834: 31827: 31823: 31820: 31816: 31813: 31809: 31806: 31802: 31799: 31795: 31792: 31788: 31787: 31785: 31781: 31774: 31770: 31767: 31763: 31760: 31756: 31753: 31749: 31746: 31742: 31739: 31735: 31730: 31726: 31723: 31719: 31718: 31716: 31712: 31709: 31705: 31702: 31698: 31695: 31691: 31688: 31684: 31681: 31677: 31674: 31670: 31667: 31663: 31662: 31660: 31656: 31653: 31651: 31647: 31640: 31636: 31633: 31629: 31626: 31622: 31619: 31615: 31612: 31608: 31605: 31601: 31598: 31594: 31591: 31587: 31586: 31584: 31582: 31578: 31571: 31567: 31564: 31560: 31557: 31553: 31550: 31546: 31543: 31539: 31538: 31536: 31532: 31528: 31527:Incarceration 31521: 31516: 31514: 31509: 31507: 31502: 31501: 31498: 31486: 31478: 31476: 31468: 31467: 31464: 31452: 31449: 31448: 31447: 31444: 31442: 31439: 31437: 31434: 31432: 31429: 31427: 31424: 31422: 31419: 31417: 31414: 31412: 31409: 31405: 31402: 31400: 31397: 31395: 31392: 31390: 31387: 31385: 31382: 31381: 31380: 31377: 31375: 31372: 31370: 31367: 31365: 31362: 31361: 31359: 31353: 31347: 31344: 31340: 31337: 31336: 31335: 31332: 31331: 31329: 31323: 31315: 31312: 31310: 31307: 31305: 31302: 31301: 31299: 31295: 31292: 31290: 31287: 31286: 31284: 31283: 31281: 31277: 31269: 31266: 31265: 31264:Sierra Leone 31263: 31259: 31256: 31254: 31251: 31250: 31248: 31244: 31241: 31240: 31238: 31234: 31231: 31229: 31226: 31225: 31223: 31222: 31220: 31218: 31214: 31211: 31207:Afro-American 31203: 31193: 31190: 31189: 31187: 31183: 31175: 31172: 31171: 31170: 31167: 31165: 31162: 31160: 31157: 31155: 31152: 31148: 31145: 31143: 31140: 31139: 31138: 31135: 31129: 31126: 31125: 31124: 31121: 31120: 31118: 31116: 31113: 31109: 31106: 31104: 31101: 31100: 31099: 31096: 31094: 31091: 31090: 31088: 31083: 31079: 31073: 31070: 31068: 31065: 31061: 31058: 31057: 31056: 31053: 31051: 31048: 31046: 31043: 31041: 31038: 31036: 31033: 31031: 31028: 31024: 31021: 31019: 31016: 31015: 31014: 31011: 31009: 31006: 31004: 31001: 31000: 30998: 30996: 30992: 30984: 30981: 30979: 30976: 30974: 30971: 30969: 30966: 30964: 30961: 30960: 30959: 30956: 30954: 30951: 30949: 30946: 30944: 30941: 30939: 30936: 30934: 30931: 30929: 30926: 30924: 30921: 30919: 30916: 30914: 30911: 30909: 30906: 30904: 30901: 30899: 30896: 30892: 30889: 30888: 30887: 30884: 30882: 30879: 30875: 30872: 30871: 30870: 30867: 30865: 30862: 30860: 30857: 30855: 30852: 30850: 30847: 30845: 30842: 30841: 30839: 30836: 30831: 30827: 30817: 30814: 30812: 30809: 30805: 30802: 30800: 30797: 30795: 30792: 30790: 30787: 30785: 30782: 30781: 30780: 30777: 30775: 30772: 30770: 30767: 30765: 30762: 30758: 30755: 30753: 30750: 30748: 30745: 30744: 30743: 30742:French Guiana 30740: 30738: 30735: 30731: 30728: 30727: 30726: 30723: 30721: 30718: 30714: 30711: 30709: 30706: 30704: 30701: 30700: 30699: 30696: 30694: 30691: 30689: 30686: 30685: 30683: 30677: 30669: 30666: 30664: 30661: 30659: 30658:Somali Bantus 30656: 30654: 30651: 30649: 30646: 30644: 30641: 30639: 30636: 30634: 30631: 30629: 30626: 30624: 30621: 30619: 30616: 30614: 30611: 30607: 30604: 30602: 30599: 30595: 30592: 30590: 30587: 30585: 30582: 30580: 30577: 30575: 30572: 30571: 30570: 30566: 30565:Black Indians 30563: 30561: 30558: 30556: 30553: 30551: 30548: 30546: 30543: 30541: 30538: 30536: 30535:Affrilachians 30533: 30532: 30531: 30528: 30527: 30525: 30521: 30518: 30517: 30516: 30513: 30509: 30506: 30504: 30501: 30499: 30496: 30494: 30493:New Brunswick 30491: 30489: 30486: 30484: 30481: 30479: 30476: 30475: 30474: 30471: 30470: 30468: 30462: 30454: 30451: 30450: 30449: 30446: 30444: 30441: 30437: 30436:Miskito Sambu 30434: 30433: 30432: 30429: 30427: 30424: 30422: 30419: 30417: 30414: 30412: 30409: 30405: 30402: 30401: 30400: 30397: 30396: 30394: 30388: 30382: 30379: 30375: 30372: 30370: 30369:Dougla people 30367: 30366: 30365: 30362: 30358: 30355: 30354: 30353: 30350: 30348: 30345: 30343: 30340: 30338: 30335: 30331: 30328: 30326: 30323: 30321: 30318: 30317: 30316: 30313: 30309: 30306: 30304: 30301: 30300: 30299: 30296: 30294: 30291: 30287: 30284: 30282: 30279: 30278: 30277: 30274: 30272: 30269: 30267: 30264: 30260: 30259:Ganga-Longoba 30257: 30255: 30252: 30250: 30247: 30246: 30245: 30242: 30240: 30237: 30235: 30232: 30230: 30227: 30225: 30222: 30220: 30217: 30215: 30212: 30210: 30207: 30206: 30204: 30202: 30198: 30195: 30193: 30192:Latin America 30188: 30184: 30181: 30177: 30173: 30166: 30161: 30159: 30154: 30152: 30147: 30146: 30143: 30131: 30123: 30122: 30119: 30105: 30102: 30100: 30097: 30095: 30092: 30090: 30087: 30085: 30082: 30080: 30077: 30075: 30072: 30070: 30067: 30066: 30064: 30060: 30054: 30053:United States 30051: 30049: 30046: 30044: 30041: 30039: 30036: 30034: 30031: 30029: 30026: 30024: 30021: 30019: 30016: 30014: 30011: 30009: 30006: 30004: 30001: 29999: 29996: 29994: 29991: 29989: 29986: 29984: 29981: 29979: 29976: 29974: 29971: 29969: 29966: 29964: 29961: 29960: 29958: 29954:Other regions 29952: 29942: 29939: 29937: 29934: 29932: 29929: 29928: 29926: 29924: 29920: 29914: 29911: 29909: 29906: 29904: 29901: 29899: 29896: 29895: 29893: 29891: 29887: 29879: 29876: 29874: 29871: 29870: 29869: 29866: 29862: 29859: 29857: 29854: 29852: 29849: 29848: 29847: 29844: 29840: 29837: 29835: 29832: 29830: 29827: 29826: 29825: 29822: 29821: 29819: 29817: 29813: 29807: 29804: 29802: 29799: 29797: 29794: 29792: 29789: 29788: 29785: 29782: 29780: 29779:United States 29776: 29772: 29763: 29759: 29741: 29738: 29736: 29732: 29729: 29727: 29724: 29722: 29719: 29717: 29713: 29710: 29708: 29704: 29701: 29699: 29696: 29694: 29691: 29689: 29686: 29685: 29683: 29681: 29677: 29671: 29668: 29666: 29663: 29661: 29658: 29656: 29653: 29651: 29648: 29646: 29643: 29642: 29640: 29638: 29634: 29628: 29625: 29623: 29620: 29618: 29615: 29611: 29608: 29607: 29606: 29603: 29602: 29600: 29598: 29594: 29588: 29585: 29584: 29582: 29580: 29576: 29570: 29569: 29565: 29562: 29561: 29556: 29554: 29551: 29549: 29546: 29544: 29541: 29537: 29534: 29532: 29529: 29528: 29527: 29524: 29522: 29519: 29517: 29514: 29512: 29509: 29507: 29504: 29503: 29501: 29499: 29495: 29489: 29485: 29482: 29480: 29477: 29475: 29472: 29470: 29467: 29465: 29462: 29460: 29457: 29455: 29452: 29450: 29447: 29445: 29442: 29440: 29437: 29435: 29432: 29430: 29427: 29425: 29422: 29421: 29419: 29417: 29413: 29407: 29404: 29402: 29399: 29397: 29394: 29390: 29387: 29386: 29385: 29382: 29381: 29379: 29377: 29373: 29367: 29364: 29360: 29357: 29353: 29350: 29349: 29348: 29345: 29344: 29343: 29340: 29336: 29333: 29331: 29328: 29327: 29325: 29321: 29318: 29317: 29316: 29313: 29311: 29308: 29306: 29303: 29299: 29296: 29295: 29294: 29291: 29290: 29288: 29286: 29282: 29279: 29275: 29269: 29266: 29264: 29261: 29259: 29256: 29254: 29251: 29249: 29246: 29244: 29241: 29240: 29238: 29235: 29230: 29224: 29221: 29219: 29218:Socioeconomic 29216: 29214: 29211: 29209: 29206: 29204: 29201: 29197: 29194: 29193: 29192: 29189: 29185: 29182: 29180: 29177: 29175: 29172: 29170: 29167: 29166: 29165: 29162: 29158: 29155: 29153: 29150: 29149: 29148: 29145: 29143: 29140: 29139: 29137: 29133: 29129: 29120: 29116: 29106: 29105: 29101: 29099: 29096: 29094: 29093:Social stigma 29091: 29089: 29086: 29084: 29083:Social orphan 29081: 29079: 29076: 29074: 29071: 29069: 29066: 29064: 29061: 29059: 29056: 29054: 29051: 29049: 29048: 29043: 29042: 29041:Nouveau riche 29038: 29036: 29033: 29031: 29028: 29026: 29023: 29021: 29018: 29016: 29015:Class traitor 29013: 29011: 29010:Class society 29008: 29006: 29003: 29001: 28998: 28996: 28993: 28991: 28988: 28987: 28985: 28979: 28973: 28970: 28968: 28965: 28963: 28960: 28958: 28955: 28953: 28950: 28948: 28947:Gilbert model 28945: 28943: 28940: 28939: 28937: 28933: 28929: 28923: 28922: 28918: 28916: 28915: 28911: 28909: 28908: 28904: 28903: 28900: 28893: 28890: 28889: 28883: 28878: 28876: 28871: 28869: 28864: 28863: 28860: 28848: 28845: 28843: 28840: 28838: 28835: 28833: 28830: 28828: 28825: 28823: 28820: 28818: 28815: 28813: 28810: 28809: 28800: 28799: 28796: 28790: 28787: 28785: 28782: 28780: 28777: 28775: 28772: 28770: 28767: 28765: 28762: 28760: 28757: 28755: 28752: 28750: 28747: 28745: 28744:Make-work job 28742: 28740: 28737: 28735: 28732: 28730: 28727: 28725: 28722: 28720: 28717: 28715: 28712: 28710: 28707: 28705: 28702: 28701: 28699: 28695: 28691: 28690: 28684: 28681: 28679: 28676: 28674: 28671: 28669: 28666: 28664: 28663:Right to work 28661: 28659: 28656: 28654: 28651: 28649: 28648:Job guarantee 28646: 28644: 28641: 28639: 28636: 28634: 28633:Make-work job 28631: 28629: 28626: 28624: 28621: 28620: 28618: 28614: 28608: 28605: 28603: 28600: 28596: 28593: 28591: 28588: 28587: 28586: 28583: 28581: 28578: 28576: 28573: 28571: 28568: 28566: 28563: 28561: 28558: 28556: 28553: 28551: 28548: 28544: 28541: 28539: 28536: 28534: 28531: 28529: 28526: 28525: 28524: 28521: 28519: 28516: 28514: 28511: 28509: 28506: 28504: 28501: 28499: 28496: 28494: 28491: 28487: 28484: 28482: 28479: 28478: 28477: 28474: 28472: 28469: 28467: 28464: 28463: 28461: 28459: 28455: 28449: 28446: 28442: 28439: 28437: 28434: 28433: 28432: 28429: 28425: 28422: 28420: 28417: 28415: 28412: 28411: 28410: 28407: 28405: 28404:Restructuring 28402: 28398: 28395: 28394: 28393: 28390: 28388: 28385: 28383: 28382:Notice period 28380: 28378: 28375: 28373: 28370: 28368: 28365: 28361: 28358: 28356: 28353: 28351: 28348: 28347: 28346: 28343: 28341: 28338: 28337: 28335: 28333: 28329: 28323: 28320: 28316: 28313: 28311: 28308: 28307: 28306: 28303: 28301: 28298: 28294: 28291: 28289: 28288:Unfree labour 28286: 28284: 28281: 28279: 28276: 28274: 28271: 28269: 28266: 28264: 28261: 28259: 28258:Bonded labour 28256: 28255: 28254: 28251: 28249: 28246: 28244: 28241: 28239: 28236: 28234: 28231: 28229: 28226: 28224: 28221: 28219: 28216: 28214: 28211: 28209: 28206: 28204: 28201: 28200: 28198: 28194: 28188: 28185: 28183: 28180: 28178: 28175: 28173: 28172:Whistleblower 28170: 28168: 28165: 28163: 28160: 28158: 28155: 28153: 28150: 28148: 28145: 28143: 28140: 28138: 28135: 28133: 28130: 28128: 28125: 28123: 28120: 28116: 28113: 28111: 28108: 28106: 28105:Control fraud 28103: 28101: 28098: 28097: 28096: 28093: 28092: 28090: 28086: 28080: 28079:Glass ceiling 28077: 28075: 28072: 28070: 28067: 28065: 28062: 28061: 28059: 28057: 28053: 28047: 28044: 28042: 28039: 28037: 28034: 28032: 28029: 28027: 28024: 28020: 28017: 28016: 28015: 28014:Work accident 28012: 28010: 28007: 28003: 28002:United States 28000: 27999: 27998: 27995: 27993: 27990: 27988: 27985: 27983: 27980: 27978: 27975: 27973: 27970: 27968: 27965: 27963: 27960: 27958: 27955: 27953: 27950: 27948: 27945: 27943: 27940: 27938: 27935: 27933: 27930: 27928: 27925: 27924: 27922: 27920: 27916: 27910: 27907: 27903: 27902:United States 27900: 27899: 27898: 27895: 27893: 27890: 27888: 27885: 27883: 27880: 27878: 27875: 27873: 27870: 27868: 27865: 27863: 27860: 27858: 27857:Casual Friday 27855: 27853: 27850: 27849: 27847: 27845: 27841: 27835: 27832: 27830: 27827: 27825: 27822: 27820: 27817: 27815: 27814:Paid time off 27812: 27810: 27809:Overtime rate 27807: 27803: 27800: 27799: 27798: 27795: 27791: 27790:United States 27788: 27786: 27783: 27781: 27778: 27776: 27773: 27772: 27771: 27768: 27764: 27761: 27759: 27756: 27755: 27754: 27751: 27749: 27746: 27744: 27741: 27739: 27736: 27734: 27731: 27730: 27728: 27726: 27722: 27718: 27712: 27709: 27707: 27704: 27702: 27699: 27697: 27694: 27692: 27689: 27687: 27684: 27682: 27679: 27677: 27674: 27672: 27669: 27667: 27664: 27662: 27661:Four-day week 27659: 27657: 27654: 27653: 27651: 27649: 27645: 27639: 27636: 27634: 27631: 27629: 27626: 27624: 27621: 27619: 27616: 27614: 27611: 27609: 27606: 27604: 27601: 27599: 27596: 27594: 27591: 27589: 27586: 27585: 27583: 27579: 27573: 27570: 27568: 27565: 27561: 27558: 27556: 27553: 27552: 27551: 27548: 27546: 27545:Practice firm 27543: 27541: 27538: 27536: 27533: 27529: 27526: 27524: 27521: 27519: 27516: 27514: 27511: 27509: 27506: 27504: 27501: 27499: 27496: 27494: 27491: 27489: 27486: 27484: 27481: 27479: 27476: 27474: 27471: 27469: 27466: 27464: 27461: 27459: 27456: 27454: 27451: 27449: 27446: 27444: 27443:Employability 27441: 27439: 27436: 27434: 27431: 27430: 27429: 27426: 27424: 27421: 27419: 27416: 27414: 27411: 27409: 27406: 27404: 27401: 27399: 27396: 27392: 27389: 27388: 27387: 27384: 27382: 27379: 27378: 27376: 27374: 27370: 27366: 27360: 27357: 27355: 27352: 27350: 27347: 27345: 27344:Orange-collar 27342: 27340: 27337: 27335: 27332: 27330: 27327: 27325: 27322: 27320: 27317: 27315: 27312: 27310: 27307: 27305: 27302: 27300: 27297: 27296: 27294: 27292: 27291:Working class 27288: 27282: 27279: 27277: 27274: 27272: 27269: 27267: 27264: 27262: 27259: 27257: 27254: 27252: 27249: 27247: 27244: 27242: 27239: 27238: 27236: 27232: 27226: 27223: 27221: 27218: 27216: 27213: 27211: 27208: 27206: 27203: 27201: 27198: 27196: 27193: 27191: 27188: 27186: 27183: 27181: 27178: 27176: 27173: 27171: 27168: 27166: 27165:Job interview 27163: 27161: 27158: 27156: 27153: 27151: 27148: 27146: 27143: 27139: 27136: 27135: 27134: 27131: 27129: 27126: 27124: 27121: 27119: 27116: 27114: 27111: 27109: 27106: 27104: 27101: 27099: 27096: 27094: 27091: 27090: 27088: 27086: 27082: 27076: 27073: 27071: 27068: 27066: 27063: 27061: 27058: 27056: 27053: 27049: 27046: 27044: 27041: 27039: 27036: 27035: 27034: 27031: 27029: 27026: 27024: 27021: 27019: 27018:Part-time job 27016: 27014: 27011: 27009: 27006: 27004: 27003:Full-time job 27001: 26999: 26996: 26994: 26991: 26989: 26986: 26985: 26983: 26979: 26975: 26968: 26963: 26961: 26956: 26954: 26949: 26948: 26945: 26933: 26930: 26928: 26925: 26923: 26920: 26918: 26915: 26913: 26910: 26908: 26905: 26903: 26900: 26899: 26897: 26895: 26890: 26886: 26880: 26879:Right to work 26877: 26875: 26872: 26870: 26867: 26865: 26862: 26860: 26857: 26855: 26852: 26850: 26847: 26845: 26842: 26840: 26837: 26835: 26832: 26830: 26827: 26825: 26822: 26820: 26817: 26815: 26814:Right to food 26812: 26810: 26807: 26805: 26802: 26800: 26797: 26795: 26792: 26790: 26787: 26785: 26782: 26780: 26777: 26775: 26772: 26771: 26769: 26766: 26759: 26753: 26750: 26746: 26743: 26742: 26741: 26738: 26736: 26733: 26731: 26728: 26726: 26723: 26721: 26718: 26716: 26713: 26711: 26708: 26706: 26703: 26701: 26698: 26696: 26695:Right to life 26693: 26691: 26688: 26686: 26683: 26681: 26678: 26676: 26673: 26671: 26668: 26666: 26663: 26661: 26658: 26656: 26653: 26651: 26648: 26646: 26643: 26641: 26638: 26636: 26633: 26631: 26628: 26626: 26623: 26621: 26618: 26616: 26613: 26611: 26608: 26606: 26603: 26601: 26598: 26596: 26593: 26591: 26588: 26586: 26583: 26581: 26578: 26576: 26573: 26572: 26570: 26568: 26564: 26557: 26553: 26545: 26540: 26538: 26533: 26531: 26526: 26525: 26522: 26510: 26502: 26500: 26492: 26490: 26482: 26481: 26478: 26472: 26469: 26467: 26464: 26460: 26457: 26456: 26455: 26452: 26450: 26447: 26445: 26442: 26440: 26437: 26435: 26432: 26430: 26427: 26425: 26422: 26420: 26417: 26415: 26412: 26410: 26407: 26405: 26402: 26400: 26397: 26395: 26392: 26390: 26387: 26385: 26382: 26380: 26377: 26375: 26372: 26370: 26367: 26365: 26362: 26361: 26359: 26355: 26347: 26344: 26343: 26342: 26339: 26337: 26336:Wine industry 26334: 26332: 26329: 26327: 26324: 26322: 26319: 26317: 26314: 26312: 26309: 26305: 26302: 26300: 26297: 26296: 26295: 26292: 26288: 26285: 26284: 26283: 26280: 26278: 26275: 26271: 26268: 26266: 26263: 26262: 26261: 26258: 26254: 26251: 26247: 26244: 26243: 26242: 26239: 26235: 26232: 26230: 26227: 26226: 26225: 26222: 26218: 26215: 26213: 26210: 26209: 26208: 26205: 26204: 26203: 26200: 26198: 26195: 26194: 26192: 26188: 26180: 26177: 26175: 26172: 26170: 26167: 26166: 26165: 26164:South America 26162: 26158: 26155: 26153: 26152:United States 26150: 26148: 26145: 26144: 26143: 26142:North America 26140: 26136: 26133: 26131: 26128: 26126: 26123: 26121: 26118: 26117: 26116: 26113: 26109: 26106: 26104: 26101: 26099: 26096: 26094: 26091: 26089: 26086: 26084: 26081: 26079: 26076: 26074: 26071: 26069: 26066: 26064: 26061: 26059: 26056: 26055: 26054: 26051: 26049: 26046: 26042: 26039: 26037: 26034: 26032: 26029: 26028: 26027: 26024: 26020: 26017: 26015: 26012: 26010: 26007: 26005: 26002: 26000: 25997: 25995: 25992: 25991: 25990: 25987: 25983: 25980: 25978: 25975: 25974: 25973: 25970: 25968: 25965: 25964: 25962: 25960: 25956: 25950: 25947: 25945: 25942: 25940: 25937: 25935: 25932: 25930: 25929:Racialization 25927: 25925: 25922: 25920: 25917: 25915: 25912: 25910: 25907: 25905: 25902: 25900: 25897: 25895: 25894:Ethnic hatred 25892: 25890: 25887: 25885: 25882: 25880: 25877: 25875: 25872: 25870: 25867: 25866: 25864: 25858: 25852: 25849: 25847: 25844: 25842: 25839: 25837: 25834: 25832: 25829: 25827: 25824: 25822: 25819: 25817: 25814: 25812: 25811:Laissez-faire 25809: 25807: 25804: 25802: 25799: 25797: 25796:Institutional 25794: 25792: 25789: 25787: 25784: 25782: 25781:Environmental 25779: 25777: 25774: 25772: 25769: 25767: 25764: 25762: 25759: 25757: 25754: 25753: 25751: 25747: 25743: 25736: 25731: 25729: 25724: 25722: 25717: 25716: 25713: 25701: 25693: 25691: 25683: 25682: 25679: 25673: 25670: 25666: 25663: 25662: 25661: 25658: 25656: 25653: 25651: 25650:Social stigma 25648: 25644: 25641: 25639: 25636: 25634: 25631: 25630: 25629: 25626: 25624: 25621: 25619: 25616: 25614: 25611: 25609: 25606: 25604: 25601: 25597: 25594: 25593: 25592: 25589: 25587: 25584: 25582: 25579: 25577: 25574: 25572: 25569: 25567: 25564: 25562: 25559: 25557: 25554: 25552: 25549: 25547: 25544: 25542: 25539: 25537: 25534: 25532: 25529: 25527: 25524: 25520: 25517: 25516: 25515: 25512: 25510: 25507: 25505: 25502: 25500: 25497: 25495: 25492: 25490: 25487: 25485: 25482: 25480: 25477: 25475: 25472: 25468: 25465: 25463: 25460: 25459: 25458: 25455: 25453: 25450: 25448: 25445: 25443: 25440: 25438: 25435: 25433: 25430: 25428: 25425: 25424: 25422: 25418: 25412: 25409: 25407: 25404: 25402: 25399: 25397: 25394: 25392: 25389: 25387: 25384: 25382: 25379: 25377: 25374: 25372: 25369: 25367: 25364: 25362: 25359: 25357: 25354: 25352: 25349: 25347: 25344: 25340: 25337: 25336: 25335: 25332: 25330: 25327: 25325: 25322: 25320: 25317: 25315: 25312: 25310: 25307: 25305: 25302: 25301: 25299: 25295: 25289: 25286: 25284: 25281: 25279: 25276: 25274: 25273:State atheism 25271: 25269: 25266: 25264: 25261: 25257: 25254: 25252: 25249: 25247: 25244: 25242: 25239: 25238: 25237: 25234: 25232: 25229: 25227: 25224: 25222: 25219: 25215: 25212: 25210: 25209:Jim Crow laws 25207: 25206: 25205: 25202: 25200: 25197: 25195: 25194:One-drop rule 25192: 25190: 25188: 25184: 25182: 25179: 25177: 25174: 25172: 25169: 25167: 25164: 25162: 25159: 25157: 25154: 25152: 25149: 25147: 25144: 25142: 25139: 25137: 25134: 25130: 25127: 25125: 25122: 25121: 25120: 25117: 25115: 25112: 25110: 25109:Blood quantum 25107: 25105: 25102: 25100: 25097: 25096: 25094: 25088: 25082: 25079: 25077: 25074: 25072: 25069: 25067: 25064: 25062: 25059: 25057: 25056:Victimisation 25054: 25052: 25051:Trans bashing 25049: 25047: 25044: 25042: 25039: 25037: 25034: 25032: 25029: 25027: 25024: 25022: 25021:Religious war 25019: 25017: 25014: 25012: 25009: 25007: 25004: 25002: 25001:Racialization 24999: 24997: 24994: 24992: 24989: 24987: 24984: 24982: 24979: 24977: 24974: 24972: 24969: 24965: 24962: 24960: 24957: 24955: 24952: 24951: 24950: 24947: 24945: 24942: 24940: 24937: 24935: 24932: 24930: 24927: 24925: 24922: 24920: 24917: 24915: 24912: 24910: 24907: 24905: 24902: 24900: 24897: 24895: 24892: 24890: 24887: 24883: 24880: 24879: 24878: 24875: 24873: 24872:Glass ceiling 24870: 24866: 24863: 24862: 24861: 24858: 24856: 24853: 24851: 24848: 24846: 24843: 24841: 24838: 24836: 24833: 24831: 24828: 24826: 24823: 24821: 24818: 24816: 24815:Ethnic hatred 24813: 24811: 24808: 24806: 24803: 24801: 24798: 24796: 24793: 24791: 24788: 24786: 24783: 24781: 24778: 24776: 24773: 24771: 24768: 24766: 24763: 24761: 24758: 24756: 24753: 24751: 24750:Counter-jihad 24748: 24746: 24743: 24741: 24738: 24736: 24733: 24731: 24728: 24726: 24723: 24721: 24718: 24714: 24711: 24710: 24709: 24706: 24705: 24703: 24699: 24693: 24690: 24688: 24685: 24683: 24680: 24678: 24675: 24673: 24670: 24668: 24665: 24663: 24660: 24658: 24655: 24653: 24650: 24648: 24645: 24643: 24640: 24638: 24635: 24633: 24630: 24628: 24625: 24623: 24620: 24618: 24615: 24613: 24610: 24608: 24605: 24603: 24600: 24598: 24595: 24593: 24590: 24588: 24585: 24583: 24580: 24578: 24575: 24573: 24570: 24568: 24565: 24563: 24560: 24558: 24555: 24551: 24548: 24547: 24546: 24543: 24541: 24538: 24536: 24533: 24531: 24528: 24524: 24523:United States 24521: 24519: 24516: 24514: 24511: 24510: 24508: 24506: 24503: 24501: 24498: 24496: 24493: 24491: 24488: 24486: 24483: 24481: 24478: 24476: 24473: 24471: 24468: 24466: 24463: 24461: 24458: 24456: 24453: 24451: 24448: 24446: 24443: 24441: 24438: 24436: 24433: 24431: 24428: 24426: 24423: 24419: 24416: 24414: 24411: 24409: 24406: 24405: 24404: 24401: 24399: 24396: 24394: 24391: 24387: 24386:United States 24384: 24382: 24379: 24377: 24374: 24373: 24372: 24369: 24367: 24364: 24362: 24359: 24357: 24354: 24352: 24349: 24347: 24344: 24342: 24339: 24338: 24336: 24334: 24329: 24323: 24320: 24318: 24315: 24313: 24310: 24308: 24307:Protestantism 24305: 24303: 24300: 24296: 24293: 24292: 24291: 24288: 24282: 24279: 24277: 24274: 24272: 24269: 24267: 24264: 24262: 24259: 24258: 24257: 24254: 24253: 24252: 24249: 24245: 24242: 24240: 24237: 24236: 24235: 24232: 24230: 24227: 24223: 24220: 24218: 24217:LDS or Mormon 24215: 24213: 24210: 24208: 24205: 24203: 24200: 24199: 24198: 24195: 24193: 24190: 24188: 24185: 24183: 24180: 24178: 24175: 24174: 24172: 24170: 24166: 24160: 24157: 24155: 24152: 24148: 24145: 24143: 24142:Transmisogyny 24140: 24138: 24135: 24134: 24133: 24130: 24126: 24123: 24121: 24118: 24117: 24116: 24113: 24111: 24108: 24106: 24103: 24101: 24098: 24096: 24093: 24091: 24088: 24086: 24083: 24081: 24078: 24076: 24073: 24071: 24068: 24066: 24063: 24061: 24058: 24056: 24053: 24051: 24048: 24046: 24045:Gerontophobia 24043: 24041: 24038: 24036: 24033: 24031: 24028: 24026: 24023: 24021: 24018: 24016: 24013: 24011: 24008: 24006: 24003: 24001: 23998: 23996: 23993: 23991: 23988: 23986: 23983: 23981: 23978: 23976: 23975:Anti-intersex 23973: 23971: 23968: 23966: 23963: 23961: 23958: 23956: 23953: 23951: 23950:Anti-albinism 23948: 23946: 23943: 23941: 23938: 23936: 23933: 23932: 23930: 23926: 23920: 23917: 23915: 23912: 23910: 23907: 23905: 23902: 23900: 23897: 23895: 23892: 23888: 23885: 23883: 23880: 23879: 23878: 23875: 23873: 23870: 23868: 23865: 23863: 23860: 23858: 23855: 23853: 23850: 23848: 23845: 23843: 23840: 23838: 23835: 23833: 23830: 23828: 23825: 23823: 23820: 23819: 23817: 23813: 23807: 23804: 23802: 23799: 23797: 23794: 23792: 23791:Institutional 23789: 23788: 23786: 23782: 23778: 23771: 23766: 23764: 23759: 23757: 23752: 23751: 23748: 23736: 23733: 23731: 23728: 23726: 23723: 23721: 23718: 23716: 23713: 23711: 23708: 23706: 23703: 23701: 23698: 23696: 23693: 23691: 23688: 23687: 23684: 23679: 23678:Unfree labour 23672: 23667: 23665: 23660: 23658: 23653: 23652: 23649: 23636: 23635: 23631: 23628: 23627: 23623: 23620: 23619: 23615: 23612: 23611: 23607: 23604: 23603: 23599: 23596: 23595: 23591: 23588: 23587: 23583: 23581: 23578: 23576: 23573: 23571: 23568: 23566: 23563: 23561: 23558: 23556: 23553: 23551: 23548: 23546: 23543: 23541: 23538: 23536: 23533: 23531: 23528: 23527: 23525: 23521: 23514: 23513: 23509: 23506: 23505: 23501: 23500: 23498: 23496:Documentaries 23494: 23487: 23486: 23482: 23479: 23478: 23474: 23471: 23470: 23466: 23465: 23463: 23459: 23452: 23451: 23447: 23444: 23440: 23439: 23437: 23433: 23426: 23425: 23421: 23418: 23417: 23413: 23410: 23409: 23405: 23404: 23402: 23398: 23391: 23390: 23386: 23383: 23382: 23378: 23375: 23374: 23370: 23367: 23366: 23362: 23359: 23358: 23354: 23351: 23350: 23346: 23343: 23342: 23338: 23335: 23334: 23330: 23327: 23326: 23322: 23319: 23318: 23314: 23311: 23310: 23306: 23303: 23302: 23298: 23295: 23294: 23290: 23287: 23286: 23282: 23279: 23278: 23274: 23271: 23270: 23266: 23263: 23262: 23258: 23255: 23254: 23250: 23233: 23232: 23228: 23225: 23224: 23220: 23217: 23216: 23212: 23209: 23208: 23204: 23201: 23200: 23196: 23193: 23192: 23188: 23187: 23185: 23183: 23179: 23172: 23171: 23167: 23164: 23163: 23159: 23156: 23155: 23151: 23148: 23147: 23143: 23140: 23139: 23135: 23132: 23131: 23127: 23124: 23123: 23119: 23116: 23115: 23111: 23108: 23107: 23103: 23100: 23099: 23095: 23092: 23091: 23087: 23084: 23083: 23079: 23076: 23075: 23071: 23068: 23067: 23063: 23060: 23059: 23055: 23054: 23052: 23048: 23037: 23034: 23031: 23028: 23025: 23022: 23021: 23019: 23017:South America 23015: 23008: 23007:Zamba Zembola 23005: 23003: 23000: 22997: 22994: 22992: 22989: 22987: 22986:Bethany Veney 22984: 22982: 22979: 22977: 22974: 22971: 22967: 22964: 22961: 22959: 22958:Venture Smith 22956: 22954: 22951: 22949: 22946: 22944: 22941: 22939: 22938:James Roberts 22936: 22934: 22931: 22928: 22925: 22923: 22920: 22918: 22915: 22912: 22909: 22907: 22904: 22902: 22899: 22897: 22896:Lunsford Lane 22894: 22892: 22889: 22887: 22884: 22881: 22880:Paul Jennings 22878: 22876: 22873: 22871: 22868: 22866: 22863: 22861: 22858: 22856: 22855:Omar ibn Said 22853: 22850: 22847: 22845: 22844:Josiah Henson 22842: 22840: 22837: 22834: 22830: 22829:William Green 22827: 22825: 22822: 22820: 22817: 22815: 22812: 22809: 22805: 22804:Peter Fossett 22802: 22800: 22797: 22794: 22791: 22789: 22786: 22784: 22781: 22779: 22776: 22774: 22771: 22769: 22766: 22764: 22763:Lucinda Davis 22761: 22759: 22758:Hannah Crafts 22756: 22754: 22751: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22733: 22730: 22727: 22726:James Bradley 22724: 22722: 22721:Leonard Black 22719: 22717: 22714: 22712: 22709: 22707: 22704: 22702: 22699: 22697: 22694: 22692: 22689: 22687: 22684: 22683: 22681: 22679:United States 22675: 22668: 22667:Marcos Xiorro 22665: 22662: 22658: 22655: 22652: 22649: 22646: 22643: 22640: 22639: 22637: 22631: 22624: 22621: 22618: 22615: 22614: 22612: 22606: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22590: 22587: 22586: 22584: 22580: 22573: 22570: 22567: 22564: 22561: 22558: 22555: 22552: 22549: 22546: 22543: 22540: 22539: 22537: 22533: 22526: 22523: 22522: 22520: 22516: 22509: 22506: 22503: 22500: 22497: 22494: 22491: 22488: 22478: 22475: 22472: 22471:Thomas Pellow 22469: 22466: 22463: 22460: 22457: 22454: 22451: 22448: 22445: 22442: 22441:Petro Kilekwa 22439: 22436: 22433: 22430: 22427: 22424: 22421: 22418: 22415: 22412: 22409: 22406: 22403: 22400: 22397: 22396: 22394: 22390: 22387: 22379: 22373: 22370: 22369: 22366: 22362: 22355: 22350: 22348: 22343: 22341: 22336: 22335: 22332: 22326: 22319: 22312: 22309: 22306: 22303: 22302: 22294: 22290: 22287: 22285: 22284: 22279: 22276: 22270: 22267: 22264: 22261: 22259: 22255: 22252: 22248: 22244: 22240: 22238: 22234: 22231: 22228: 22225: 22221: 22217: 22213: 22209: 22205: 22203: 22199: 22196: 22193: 22189: 22186: 22184: 22180: 22177: 22176: 22161: 22155: 22151: 22147: 22143: 22139: 22135: 22129: 22125: 22124: 22118: 22114: 22108: 22104: 22103: 22097: 22090:September 21, 22082: 22078: 22072: 22065: 22064: 22058: 22043: 22039: 22033: 22026: 22025: 22019: 22015: 22009: 22005: 22001: 22000: 21994: 21990: 21984: 21980: 21976: 21975: 21969: 21965: 21959: 21955: 21951: 21950: 21944: 21940: 21934: 21930: 21929: 21923: 21922: 21912: 21906: 21902: 21898: 21897: 21891: 21887: 21881: 21877: 21873: 21872: 21866: 21862: 21858: 21854: 21850: 21846: 21840: 21836: 21832: 21828: 21824: 21820: 21816: 21811: 21808:. A.A. Knopf. 21807: 21806: 21800: 21796: 21790: 21786: 21782: 21781: 21775: 21771: 21767: 21761: 21757: 21753: 21752: 21746: 21742: 21736: 21732: 21728: 21727: 21722: 21718: 21714: 21713: 21708: 21704: 21700: 21694: 21690: 21686: 21685: 21679: 21675: 21669: 21665: 21661: 21656: 21654: 21653:online review 21648: 21642: 21638: 21637: 21632: 21628: 21624: 21620: 21616: 21611: 21607: 21603: 21599: 21595: 21591: 21587: 21583: 21579: 21574: 21570: 21564: 21560: 21559: 21554: 21550: 21546: 21540: 21536: 21535: 21530: 21526: 21522: 21516: 21513:. p. 3. 21512: 21508: 21507: 21501: 21497: 21491: 21487: 21486: 21480: 21476: 21470: 21467:. New Press. 21466: 21465: 21459: 21455: 21449: 21445: 21441: 21440: 21434: 21430: 21424: 21420: 21416: 21415: 21410: 21409:Beckert, Sven 21406: 21402: 21396: 21392: 21391: 21386: 21382: 21381: 21378:United States 21371: 21367: 21363: 21359: 21355: 21351: 21346: 21342: 21338: 21334: 21330: 21329: 21323: 21319: 21315: 21311: 21307: 21303: 21299: 21295: 21291: 21286: 21282: 21278: 21274: 21270: 21265: 21261: 21257: 21253: 21249: 21244: 21240: 21236: 21232: 21228: 21224: 21220: 21215: 21211: 21207: 21203: 21199: 21195: 21191: 21187: 21183: 21178: 21174: 21170: 21166: 21162: 21158: 21154: 21149: 21148: 21144: 21143: 21138: 21132: 21128: 21127: 21121: 21117: 21111: 21107: 21104: 21100: 21099: 21094: 21090: 21086: 21080: 21076: 21072: 21071: 21066: 21062: 21058: 21052: 21048: 21044: 21043: 21038: 21034: 21030: 21024: 21020: 21016: 21015: 21009: 21005: 20999: 20995: 20991: 20990: 20984: 20980: 20974: 20970: 20966: 20965: 20959: 20955: 20949: 20945: 20941: 20940: 20934: 20930: 20926: 20920: 20916: 20915: 20910: 20906: 20902: 20896: 20892: 20888: 20887: 20881: 20877: 20871: 20867: 20863: 20862: 20856: 20852: 20846: 20842: 20841: 20835: 20831: 20825: 20821: 20817: 20816: 20810: 20806: 20800: 20796: 20792: 20791: 20785: 20781: 20775: 20771: 20767: 20766: 20760: 20756: 20750: 20746: 20742: 20741: 20736: 20732: 20728: 20722: 20718: 20714: 20713: 20708: 20704: 20700: 20696: 20692: 20688: 20684: 20678: 20674: 20670: 20666: 20662: 20658: 20654: 20649: 20645: 20639: 20635: 20631: 20630: 20625: 20624:Beckert, Sven 20621: 20620: 20616: 20615: 20592: 20588: 20584: 20578: 20574: 20570: 20569: 20563: 20559: 20553: 20549: 20544: 20540: 20536: 20532: 20528: 20524: 20520: 20519: 20513: 20502: 20496: 20492: 20488: 20487: 20481: 20477: 20465: 20457: 20453: 20449: 20443: 20439: 20435: 20430: 20419: 20413: 20409: 20405: 20404: 20399: 20395: 20391: 20385: 20381: 20377: 20376: 20371: 20367: 20363: 20357: 20353: 20349: 20348: 20343: 20339: 20335: 20329: 20325: 20321: 20320: 20314: 20310: 20307:. Cambridge: 20306: 20301: 20297: 20291: 20288:. p. 5. 20287: 20283: 20282: 20276: 20272: 20266: 20262: 20258: 20254: 20250: 20245: 20241: 20235: 20231: 20227: 20226: 20220: 20216: 20212: 20207: 20203: 20199: 20195: 20191: 20186: 20182: 20176: 20172: 20168: 20167: 20162: 20158: 20147: 20143: 20139: 20135: 20131: 20127: 20123: 20119: 20112: 20107: 20096: 20090: 20086: 20082: 20081: 20075: 20071: 20065: 20061: 20057: 20052: 20048: 20042: 20039:. p. 7. 20038: 20034: 20033: 20028: 20024: 20020: 20016: 20011: 20007: 20001: 19997: 19993: 19989: 19984: 19980: 19976: 19972: 19971: 19965: 19961: 19955: 19951: 19947: 19943: 19939: 19934: 19929: 19925: 19921: 19917: 19912: 19908: 19904: 19900: 19896: 19892: 19888: 19883: 19879: 19873: 19869: 19865: 19861: 19857: 19853: 19847: 19843: 19839: 19834: 19830: 19824: 19820: 19816: 19815: 19809: 19805: 19801: 19797: 19793: 19787: 19783: 19779: 19778: 19773: 19768: 19764: 19758: 19754: 19750: 19749: 19744: 19739: 19735: 19729: 19725: 19724: 19718: 19714: 19710: 19709: 19704: 19699: 19695: 19689: 19685: 19681: 19680: 19675: 19671: 19660: 19656: 19652: 19647: 19643: 19639: 19634: 19630: 19626: 19622: 19620:1-85109-816-X 19616: 19612: 19608: 19607: 19601: 19597: 19591: 19587: 19583: 19582: 19577: 19573: 19569: 19563: 19559: 19555: 19551: 19547: 19541: 19537: 19533: 19529: 19525: 19521: 19517: 19506: 19502: 19501: 19496: 19491: 19490: 19468: 19462: 19454: 19450: 19446: 19442: 19438: 19434: 19433: 19425: 19417: 19413: 19409: 19405: 19402:(3): 370–73. 19401: 19397: 19390: 19383: 19378: 19371: 19366: 19364: 19355: 19351: 19347: 19343: 19339: 19335: 19331: 19327: 19323: 19316: 19308: 19302: 19298: 19294: 19293: 19285: 19269: 19265: 19261: 19257: 19250: 19242: 19236: 19232: 19228: 19227: 19219: 19211: 19199: 19191: 19185: 19181: 19177: 19173: 19169: 19162: 19154: 19153: 19145: 19130: 19126: 19119: 19104: 19100: 19093: 19085: 19081: 19080: 19075: 19068: 19060: 19048: 19044: 19040: 19034: 19019: 19015: 19009: 18994: 18990: 18983: 18967: 18963: 18962: 18957: 18950: 18934: 18930: 18924: 18908: 18904: 18898: 18883: 18882: 18877: 18870: 18868: 18852: 18848: 18847:H-Net Reviews 18844: 18837: 18821: 18817: 18810: 18802: 18798: 18794: 18792:0-582-58504-X 18788: 18784: 18777: 18761: 18755: 18747: 18746: 18741: 18734: 18732: 18716: 18712: 18706: 18695:September 30, 18687: 18683: 18676: 18670: 18659:September 29, 18654: 18650: 18644: 18628: 18622: 18611:September 29, 18606: 18602: 18596: 18585:September 29, 18580: 18576: 18570: 18562: 18556: 18552: 18551: 18543: 18535: 18531: 18527: 18523: 18519: 18515: 18511: 18507: 18503: 18496: 18488: 18484: 18480: 18476: 18472: 18468: 18464: 18463:The Historian 18457: 18449: 18445: 18441: 18437: 18433: 18429: 18425: 18418: 18410: 18399: 18393: 18389: 18388: 18380: 18369:September 29, 18364: 18360: 18354: 18339: 18335: 18331: 18330: 18325: 18318: 18311: 18307: 18301: 18297: 18296: 18288: 18273: 18269: 18265: 18259: 18251: 18245: 18241: 18237: 18231: 18223: 18217: 18213: 18209: 18203: 18184: 18177: 18170: 18163: 18150: 18146: 18142: 18136: 18120: 18114: 18112: 18095: 18091: 18087: 18081: 18065: 18061: 18057: 18051: 18035: 18031: 18027: 18020: 18001: 17995: 17980: 17979: 17974: 17967: 17951: 17947: 17943: 17942: 17937: 17930: 17922: 17918: 17917: 17912: 17906: 17898: 17894: 17887: 17871: 17870: 17865: 17859: 17843: 17839: 17838: 17831: 17824: 17811: 17810: 17805: 17799: 17783: 17779: 17778: 17773: 17767: 17751: 17747: 17746: 17741: 17740:"North Korea" 17735: 17727: 17715: 17699: 17695: 17694: 17687: 17671: 17667: 17663: 17657: 17641: 17637: 17635: 17630: 17624: 17608: 17607: 17602: 17596: 17580: 17576: 17572: 17566: 17550: 17546: 17540: 17525: 17521: 17514: 17499: 17495: 17489: 17473: 17469: 17463: 17447: 17443: 17437: 17429: 17425: 17418: 17410: 17409: 17404: 17400: 17394: 17386: 17382: 17378: 17374: 17368: 17360: 17354: 17346: 17345: 17337: 17329: 17325: 17319: 17303: 17299: 17295: 17288: 17273: 17269: 17262: 17247: 17243: 17237: 17222: 17221: 17216: 17209: 17194: 17193: 17188: 17181: 17165: 17161: 17154: 17139: 17135: 17128: 17112: 17105: 17089: 17085: 17081: 17074: 17066: 17065: 17060: 17054: 17046: 17034: 17030: 17024: 17020: 17019: 17014: 17013:Žižek, Slavoj 17008: 16992: 16988: 16982: 16967: 16963: 16959: 16958: 16953: 16946: 16938: 16934: 16927: 16919: 16913: 16909: 16903: 16896: 16891: 16875: 16871: 16867: 16861: 16845: 16841: 16837: 16831: 16820:September 29, 16815: 16814: 16809: 16803: 16787: 16783: 16777: 16762: 16756: 16752: 16748: 16747: 16739: 16730: 16728: 16726: 16716: 16714: 16712: 16695: 16689: 16681: 16675: 16671: 16667: 16661: 16653: 16649: 16643: 16635: 16631: 16627: 16623: 16622: 16617: 16613: 16607: 16591: 16585: 16569: 16565: 16559: 16553:, p. 53. 16552: 16547: 16532: 16525: 16517: 16510: 16502: 16495: 16480: 16476: 16470: 16462: 16456: 16452: 16448: 16444: 16440: 16433: 16426: 16422: 16418: 16412: 16404: 16400: 16396: 16392: 16388: 16384: 16380: 16373: 16365: 16364: 16359: 16358:"Wilson Bell" 16353: 16345: 16341: 16340: 16335: 16329: 16321: 16309: 16301: 16300: 16292: 16286: 16282: 16278: 16274: 16268: 16261: 16256: 16249: 16244: 16237: 16236:Dobson (2012) 16233: 16232:Barnes (2011) 16229: 16224: 16220: 16214: 16207: 16194: 16190: 16184: 16177: 16173: 16172: 16164: 16145: 16138: 16131: 16115: 16109: 16093: 16089: 16083: 16075: 16071: 16067: 16061: 16053: 16047: 16043: 16042: 16034: 16023: 16019: 16012: 16008: 16002: 15991: 15984: 15977: 15969: 15965: 15961: 15957: 15953: 15949: 15942: 15934: 15930: 15926: 15922: 15915: 15900: 15894: 15890: 15886: 15885: 15877: 15869: 15863: 15859: 15855: 15854: 15846: 15831: 15825: 15822:. p. 8. 15821: 15817: 15816: 15808: 15793: 15787: 15783: 15779: 15778: 15770: 15762: 15756: 15752: 15748: 15747: 15739: 15737: 15735: 15719: 15713: 15709: 15708: 15700: 15692: 15688: 15682: 15666: 15659: 15651: 15645: 15641: 15634: 15626: 15622: 15618: 15614: 15613: 15608: 15604: 15598: 15596: 15579: 15575: 15569: 15554: 15550: 15543: 15535: 15529: 15525: 15521: 15520: 15512: 15496: 15489: 15474: 15468: 15466: 15449: 15445: 15439: 15431: 15430:The Historian 15427: 15421: 15413: 15407: 15403: 15399: 15392: 15376: 15372: 15368: 15362: 15354: 15350: 15349: 15345: 15339: 15331: 15327: 15322: 15317: 15313: 15309: 15305: 15298: 15290: 15279: 15273: 15269: 15265: 15264: 15256: 15248: 15237: 15231: 15227: 15223: 15222: 15214: 15199: 15193: 15189: 15185: 15184: 15176: 15161: 15155: 15151: 15147: 15146: 15138: 15122: 15116: 15100: 15099:"Slave-trade" 15093: 15077: 15073: 15072:"Slave trade" 15067: 15059: 15053: 15049: 15048: 15043: 15037: 15029: 15023: 15019: 15015: 15009: 15001: 14997: 14993: 14989: 14985: 14981: 14977: 14976: 14968: 14960: 14954: 14950: 14943: 14935: 14929: 14925: 14920: 14919: 14910: 14902: 14896: 14892: 14888: 14887: 14879: 14871: 14864: 14860: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14833: 14829: 14823: 14808: 14802: 14798: 14794: 14793: 14785: 14769: 14765: 14759: 14751: 14747: 14743: 14739: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14724:(in German). 14723: 14716: 14709: 14707: 14694: 14688: 14684: 14680: 14679: 14671: 14663: 14657: 14653: 14649: 14648: 14640: 14638: 14636: 14634: 14625: 14621: 14617: 14610: 14608: 14597: 14590: 14586: 14582: 14578: 14574: 14570: 14564: 14557: 14550: 14543: 14539: 14535: 14531: 14525: 14519: 14515: 14511: 14507: 14503: 14499: 14495: 14492:, p. 5; 14491: 14487: 14482: 14474: 14470: 14464: 14457: 14453: 14449: 14445: 14441: 14437: 14433: 14429: 14425: 14421: 14414: 14404: 14396: 14390: 14386: 14379: 14364: 14358: 14354: 14350: 14349: 14341: 14333: 14327: 14323: 14316: 14301: 14295: 14291: 14287: 14286: 14278: 14263: 14257: 14253: 14249: 14248: 14240: 14232: 14228: 14221: 14213: 14209: 14205: 14201: 14194: 14187: 14183: 14179: 14174: 14166: 14162: 14158: 14152: 14148: 14147: 14139: 14131: 14125: 14121: 14117: 14110: 14103: 14098: 14091: 14086: 14080: 14076: 14069: 14067: 14059: 14054: 14048: 14044: 14037: 14030: 14018: 14012: 14008: 14007:Penguin Books 14004: 14003: 13995: 13980: 13974: 13970: 13966: 13965: 13957: 13942: 13936: 13932: 13928: 13927: 13919: 13911: 13904: 13897: 13886: 13880: 13876: 13872: 13867: 13866: 13857: 13842: 13836: 13832: 13828: 13827: 13822: 13818: 13812: 13797: 13791: 13787: 13783: 13782: 13777: 13773: 13767: 13752: 13746: 13742: 13738: 13737: 13729: 13721: 13715: 13711: 13707: 13700: 13684: 13680: 13676: 13670: 13654: 13650: 13646: 13639: 13631: 13625: 13621: 13617: 13616: 13608: 13606: 13597: 13591: 13587: 13586: 13578: 13563: 13557: 13553: 13549: 13548: 13540: 13538: 13530: 13529:Campbell 2004 13525: 13518: 13517:Campbell 2004 13513: 13511: 13509: 13493: 13487: 13483: 13479: 13478: 13470: 13463: 13451: 13445: 13441: 13437: 13436: 13428: 13421: 13420:Campbell 2004 13416: 13400: 13396: 13392: 13388: 13381: 13373: 13367: 13363: 13359: 13358: 13350: 13348: 13346: 13338: 13333: 13331: 13329: 13327: 13325: 13323: 13321: 13319: 13317: 13309: 13308:Millward 1998 13304: 13297: 13296:Millward 1998 13292: 13277: 13271: 13267: 13263: 13262: 13254: 13239: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13224: 13216: 13209: 13203: 13199: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13183: 13179: 13173: 13165: 13159: 13155: 13151: 13150: 13142: 13136:, p. 316 13135: 13131: 13127: 13122: 13114: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13098: 13092: 13084: 13078: 13074: 13070: 13069: 13061: 13053: 13047: 13043: 13039: 13038: 13030: 13022: 13016: 13012: 13008: 13007: 12999: 12990: 12981: 12974: 12969: 12967: 12965: 12953: 12947: 12939: 12935: 12931: 12927: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12911: 12904: 12888: 12884: 12880: 12874: 12866: 12860: 12856: 12852: 12851: 12843: 12828: 12824: 12817: 12806:September 29, 12802: 12801: 12796: 12792: 12786: 12778: 12774: 12768: 12752: 12748: 12742: 12734: 12730: 12726: 12720: 12711: 12705: 12701: 12700: 12695: 12689: 12681: 12675: 12671: 12667: 12666: 12658: 12650: 12644: 12640: 12639: 12631: 12623: 12616: 12614: 12605: 12601: 12595: 12591: 12587: 12586: 12578: 12570: 12566: 12565: 12560: 12553: 12545: 12539: 12535: 12531: 12530: 12522: 12515:. p. 63. 12514: 12510: 12503: 12496: 12495:Campbell 2008 12491: 12483: 12477: 12473: 12469: 12468: 12460: 12444: 12440: 12439: 12434: 12427: 12419: 12413: 12409: 12405: 12404: 12399: 12393: 12377: 12373: 12369: 12363: 12347: 12343: 12339: 12333: 12325: 12321: 12315: 12299: 12295: 12288: 12280: 12274: 12270: 12265: 12264: 12255: 12247: 12241: 12237: 12233: 12227: 12219: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12198: 12182: 12178: 12172: 12164: 12160: 12153: 12151: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12135:Toppin (2010) 12132: 12128: 12127:Conway (2008) 12124: 12120: 12119:Danver (2010) 12115: 12107: 12101: 12097: 12093: 12087: 12079: 12073: 12069: 12068: 12060: 12044: 12038: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12018: 12010: 12006: 12002: 11998: 11994: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11981: 11973: 11964: 11962:0-8189-0764-9 11958: 11954: 11947: 11939: 11935: 11929: 11920: 11918:0-87580-043-2 11914: 11910: 11906: 11899: 11891: 11887: 11881: 11873: 11869: 11863: 11847: 11843: 11842: 11837: 11831: 11823: 11812: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11791: 11783: 11779: 11775: 11771: 11767: 11763: 11759: 11758: 11750: 11735: 11731: 11725: 11717: 11711: 11707: 11703: 11702: 11694: 11686: 11682: 11678: 11672: 11664: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11649: 11641: 11633: 11627: 11623: 11622: 11614: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11580: 11565: 11564:metmuseum.org 11561: 11554: 11539: 11535: 11531: 11530: 11525: 11521: 11515: 11513: 11511: 11495: 11494: 11489: 11482: 11475:. p. 18. 11474: 11470: 11463: 11455: 11454: 11446: 11438: 11434: 11427: 11425: 11409: 11403: 11399: 11398: 11390: 11383: 11382:Campbell 2007 11378: 11362: 11358: 11352: 11336: 11332: 11326: 11315:September 30, 11310: 11306: 11305: 11300: 11294: 11279: 11275: 11269: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11242: 11234: 11227: 11212: 11208: 11204: 11203: 11198: 11191: 11189: 11172: 11168: 11162: 11154: 11150: 11144: 11140: 11136: 11135: 11127: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11106: 11105: 11097: 11089: 11083: 11079: 11078: 11070: 11054: 11050: 11044: 11036: 11032: 11025: 11018: 11013: 11005: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10990: 10982: 10963: 10956: 10950: 10934: 10930: 10929: 10924: 10918: 10910: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10895: 10887: 10881:, p. ix. 10880: 10879:Campbell 2004 10875: 10867: 10861: 10857: 10856: 10848: 10840: 10834: 10830: 10826: 10822: 10816: 10808: 10804: 10800: 10794: 10786: 10780: 10776: 10775: 10767: 10765: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10739: 10734: 10728: 10726: 10717: 10705: 10704: 10696: 10680: 10679: 10674: 10667: 10659: 10653: 10649: 10645: 10644:Belknap Press 10641: 10634: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10604: 10585: 10578: 10570: 10558: 10550: 10544: 10540: 10536: 10532: 10528: 10521: 10513: 10509: 10505: 10499: 10497: 10488: 10484: 10477: 10469: 10463: 10459: 10455: 10454: 10446: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10422: 10417: 10410: 10402: 10398: 10394: 10388: 10372: 10368: 10367: 10362: 10356: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10334: 10318: 10314: 10308: 10300: 10299:The Telegraph 10296: 10289: 10281: 10275: 10267: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10246: 10244: 10242: 10235:, p. 74. 10234: 10229: 10214: 10208: 10204: 10200: 10199: 10191: 10176: 10170: 10166: 10162: 10161: 10153: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10133: 10117: 10113: 10107: 10092: 10088: 10081: 10073: 10069: 10065: 10061: 10057: 10053: 10049: 10045: 10044: 10036: 10028: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 10000: 9999: 9991: 9984: 9972: 9968: 9962: 9946: 9940: 9933: 9932:Ellerman 1992 9928: 9913: 9909: 9904: 9898: 9890: 9883: 9875: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9857: 9853: 9852: 9847: 9840: 9829:September 29, 9825: 9824: 9819: 9813: 9805: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9790: 9782: 9767: 9763: 9762:"Tax Slavery" 9756: 9749: 9743: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9725: 9714:September 29, 9709: 9702: 9686: 9680: 9669: 9662: 9656: 9645:September 20, 9640: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9614:September 29, 9606: 9599: 9593: 9585: 9581: 9575: 9559: 9555: 9548: 9540: 9536: 9532: 9526: 9510: 9506: 9500: 9492: 9488: 9482: 9475: 9471: 9467: 9460: 9452: 9445: 9437: 9431: 9428:. p. 3. 9427: 9423: 9416: 9408: 9406:0-8135-2381-8 9402: 9398: 9391: 9375: 9371: 9365: 9349: 9345: 9339: 9332: 9327: 9325: 9316: 9301: 9300: 9295: 9289: 9287: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9217: 9211: 9203: 9201:9780674986909 9197: 9193: 9186: 9178: 9176:9780521872355 9172: 9168: 9161: 9154: 9149: 9145: 9138: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9107: 9106: 9098: 9090: 9088:9780670122776 9084: 9080: 9073: 9057: 9053: 9049: 9042: 9035: 9023: 9017: 9013: 9009: 9005: 9001: 9000: 8995: 8988: 8973: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8958: 8950: 8942: 8938: 8937: 8931: 8923: 8915: 8914: 8906: 8898: 8894: 8888: 8884: 8880: 8879: 8874: 8868: 8860: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8842: 8838: 8832: 8824: 8822:3-11-006800-1 8818: 8814: 8810: 8806: 8802: 8796: 8788: 8784: 8780: 8777:(in German). 8776: 8772: 8766: 8758: 8754: 8750: 8746: 8741: 8735: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8715: 8709: 8702: 8697: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8653: 8649: 8645: 8638: 8630: 8629: 8621: 8605: 8601: 8597: 8591: 8583: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8566: 8550: 8546: 8539: 8523: 8519: 8518: 8513: 8506: 8504: 8487: 8483: 8477: 8475: 8466: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8451: 8443: 8436: 8431: 8423: 8419: 8415: 8409: 8407: 8405: 8403: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8388: 8386:9781412926942 8382: 8378: 8374: 8370: 8363: 8355: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8332: 8328: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8259: 8248: 8246: 8244: 8243:United States 8232: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8200: 8199: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8147: 8143: 8141: 8140:United States 8129: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8110:Steve McQueen 8108: 8105: 8103: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8086:United States 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8044:United States 8033: 8022: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8003: 8002: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7981: 7978: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7964: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7952:United States 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7924: 7921: 7920: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7888: 7883: 7880: 7877: 7876: 7872: 7870: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7841: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7831:United States 7820: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7779:United States 7768: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7751:Michael Apted 7749: 7746: 7744: 7743:Amazing Grace 7741: 7738: 7737: 7733: 7731: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7689:United States 7678: 7667: 7665: 7664:Russell Crowe 7662: 7660: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7646: 7645: 7642: 7641:Toni Morrison 7639: 7636: 7634: 7633:United States 7623: 7621: 7620:Oprah Winfrey 7618: 7616: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7602: 7601: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7591:United States 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7544: 7543:United States 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7520: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7508: 7505: 7504:Bruce Chatwin 7502: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7493: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7474:Werner Herzog 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7451: 7447: 7445: 7444:United States 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426:, Greene and 7425: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7394: 7390: 7388: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7366: 7361: 7358: 7355: 7354: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7341: 7339: 7338:United States 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7308: 7305: 7304: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7284: 7282: 7281:Marlon Brando 7279: 7277: 7274: 7271: 7268: 7264: 7261: 7258: 7257: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7248: 7244: 7242: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7211: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7169: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7159:United States 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7134: 7131: 7128: 7127: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7116: 7114: 7113:United States 7103: 7101: 7098: 7096: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7082: 7081: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7068: 7065: 7062: 7059: 7056: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7045: 7043: 7042: 7037: 7033: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7021: 7017: 7013: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6990: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6979: 6974: 6973: 6964: 6963: 6957: 6952: 6942: 6940: 6936: 6931: 6929: 6925: 6924:legal process 6921: 6915: 6905: 6902: 6897: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6882: 6880: 6875: 6872: 6867: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6853: 6849: 6844: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6830: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6796: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6776: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6761: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6718: 6713: 6711: 6707: 6703: 6698: 6696: 6692: 6691:Joseph Sturge 6688: 6678: 6675: 6671: 6666: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6618: 6614: 6609: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6582: 6578: 6574: 6571: 6570:Jim Crow laws 6565: 6563: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6525: 6523: 6519: 6515: 6505: 6503: 6499: 6495: 6491: 6490:Maurya Empire 6487: 6479: 6474: 6465: 6459: 6455: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6285: 6282: 6281: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6248: 6247:Edward Barley 6244: 6242: 6240: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6223: 6221: 6219: 6215: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6200: 6199: 6194: 6192: 6191: 6186: 6184: 6183: 6178: 6176: 6175: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6117: 6116: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6066: 6063: 6052: 6047: 6045: 6040: 6038: 6033: 6032: 6029: 6023: 6017: 6007: 6005: 6004:manual labour 6001: 5996: 5993: 5992:force-feeding 5988: 5978: 5969: 5967: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5949: 5945: 5944:domestic work 5935: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5915: 5905: 5903: 5893: 5891: 5887: 5884:, or sold to 5883: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5819: 5815: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5745: 5740: 5736: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5712: 5710: 5706: 5702: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5666: 5662: 5661:bonded labour 5658: 5648: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5630:Child slavery 5627: 5623: 5613: 5611: 5607: 5602: 5599: 5593: 5591: 5587: 5583: 5579: 5573: 5571: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5547: 5542: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5527:Gustaf Dalman 5524: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5508: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5419: 5418:ancient Egypt 5415: 5411: 5407: 5396: 5388: 5387:Sahara Desert 5384: 5379: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5296: 5292: 5288: 5283: 5281: 5277: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5263: 5257: 5248: 5244: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5227: 5218: 5213: 5203: 5199: 5197: 5193: 5192: 5191:Untermenschen 5187: 5183: 5177: 5168: 5159: 5157: 5152: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5125: 5124:Crimean Tatar 5121: 5117: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5078: 5076: 5071: 5070: 5064: 5059: 5057: 5056:slave markets 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5006: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4991:Ottoman fleet 4988: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4908: 4907:Domesday Book 4903: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4783: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4751: 4741: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4713: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4698:slave revolts 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4667: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4644: 4640: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4617: 4616:Māori society 4613: 4603: 4601: 4597: 4594:sultanate of 4593: 4588: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4510: 4508: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4463: 4462:comfort women 4458: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4300: 4295: 4291: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4272: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4260: 4255: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4232:Shang dynasty 4227: 4219: 4215: 4210: 4200: 4190: 4188: 4184: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4158:again in 2016 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4099:1860 election 4096: 4081: 4080: 4074: 4070: 4068: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4045: 4041: 4040: 4035: 4031: 4026: 4024: 4020: 4018: 4012: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3993: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3979: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3952: 3948: 3943: 3937:United States 3934: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3870: 3869:typhoid fever 3866: 3862: 3858: 3853: 3852: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3807: 3803: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3773: 3764: 3760: 3757: 3752: 3750: 3744: 3741: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3689: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3659: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3600: 3596: 3589: 3584: 3575: 3573: 3568: 3562: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3539:Hernán Cortés 3530: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3496:Francis Drake 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3408: 3404: 3394: 3383: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347:First Nations 3344: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3240: 3238: 3237:trans-Saharan 3234: 3230: 3226: 3219: 3216: 3215: 3208: 3200: 3196: 3191: 3187: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3171:ancient world 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3148: 3144: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3122: 3115: 3110: 3107: 3103: 3095: 3090: 3086: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3076:Muslim empire 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3054:in Iraq. The 3053: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3027: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2987:Bantu peoples 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2955:Mediterranean 2952: 2948: 2947:Sahara desert 2944: 2940: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2921: 2920:Duke of Milan 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2902:. In 1402 an 2901: 2897: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2864: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2794: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2766: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2736:repartimiento 2733: 2729: 2724: 2723: 2717: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2691:Legal aspects 2688: 2686: 2671: 2664: 2660: 2659:David Roberts 2655: 2647: 2638: 2636: 2627: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2606:Auguste Comte 2602: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2579: 2578:assembly line 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2550: 2546: 2531: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2494: 2493:animal rights 2489: 2487: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2453: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2417: 2411: 2407: 2401: 2400:Child slavery 2391: 2389: 2385: 2380: 2378: 2374: 2370: 2366: 2359: 2353: 2352:Unfree labour 2346:Forced labour 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2304:Chukri system 2301: 2294: 2293:Chukri system 2290: 2284: 2277:Bonded labour 2274: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2158: 2153: 2146: 2141: 2134: 2130: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2110: 2105: 2101: 2091: 2088: 2082: 2070: 2064: 2052: 2045: 2041: 2036: 2034: 2017: 2005: 1993: 1990: 1978: 1968: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1937: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:forced labour 1902: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1881: 1880:forced labour 1877: 1876:unfree labour 1873: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1845:human history 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1783: 1778: 1776: 1771: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1729: 1726: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1683:Slave catcher 1681: 1679: 1676: 1672: 1669: 1667: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1659: 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purity 25076:Wife selling 25066:White flight 25046:Slut-shaming 25026:Scapegoating 24944:Murder music 24607:Palestinians 24550:Anti-Zionism 24418:South Africa 24403:Black people 24381:South Africa 24197:Christianity 24187:Baháʼí Faith 24110:Sectarianism 24050:Heterosexism 24015:Ephebiphobia 23985:Anti-Masonry 23852:Hair texture 23729: 23720:Penal labour 23690:Conscription 23632: 23624: 23616: 23608: 23600: 23592: 23584: 23510: 23502: 23483: 23477:The Octoroon 23475: 23467: 23448: 23422: 23414: 23406: 23387: 23379: 23371: 23363: 23355: 23347: 23339: 23331: 23323: 23315: 23307: 23299: 23291: 23283: 23275: 23267: 23259: 23251: 23229: 23221: 23213: 23205: 23197: 23189: 23168: 23160: 23152: 23144: 23136: 23128: 23120: 23112: 23104: 23096: 23088: 23080: 23072: 23064: 23056: 22870:Thomas James 22819:Moses Grandy 22814:David George 22773:Lucy Delaney 22747:Peter Bruner 22686:Sam Aleckson 22566:Roustam Raza 22477:Joseph Pitts 22399:Robert Adams 22383:by continent 22281: 22247:the original 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President 6829:Luc Gnacadja 6822: 6818: 6813: 6792: 6777: 6762: 6742:Pope Francis 6738: 6734: 6719:adopted the 6714: 6699: 6684: 6667: 6621: 6610: 6606: 6566: 6526: 6511: 6483: 6468:In antiquity 6463: 6264:Frere Treaty 6246: 6238: 6226: 6217: 6209: 6197: 6189: 6181: 6174:El Almirante 6173: 6165: 6157: 6069:Abolitionism 6016:Abolitionism 6010:Abolitionism 5997: 5984: 5975: 5941: 5917: 5899: 5867: 5775: 5760:forced labor 5748: 5741: 5737: 5718: 5715:Distribution 5693:Slavoj Žižek 5691: 5680: 5665:debt bondage 5653: 5603: 5594: 5574: 5551: 5511: 5500: 5495:Ottoman wars 5463:treaty, the 5454: 5432: 5422: 5392: 5345:Solzhenitsyn 5340: 5338: 5332: 5328: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5314: 5307: 5303: 5300: 5294: 5290: 5286: 5284: 5273: 5267: 5237: 5226:Soviet Union 5223: 5200: 5189: 5179: 5162:World War II 5153: 5129: 5079: 5060: 5022: 4967: 4939: 4905: 4879: 4833:Muslim world 4827:Europe: the 4811:Dum Diversas 4780: 4773:pleads with 4733:Roman Empire 4717:Ancient Rome 4714: 4671: 4655: 4622:Blackbirding 4620: 4611: 4609: 4600:North Borneo 4584: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4522:Vedic period 4516: 4502: 4491: 4466: 4448:King Jeongjo 4444:emancipation 4440:King Yeongjo 4433:period, the 4383: 4346:booi niyalma 4336: 4333:Qing dynasty 4330: 4322:Yuan dynasty 4314:China proper 4303: 4288: 4273: 4269:human rights 4257: 4247: 4229: 4214:Tang dynasty 4193:Asia-Pacific 4115: 4092: 4077: 4048: 4037: 4027: 4021: 4013: 3994: 3956: 3927:slave revolt 3920: 3916: 3885: 3846: 3827: 3811:slave revolt 3770: 3761: 3753: 3745: 3735: 3725: 3715: 3675:, Paramaka, 3669:ethnogenesis 3649: 3645: 3642:. 1840–1850. 3604: 3563: 3559: 3543:modern slave 3536: 3514: 3512: 3500: 3438: 3433: 3425: 3414: 3341: 3311: 3245: 3242: 3221: 3204: 3168: 3159: 3140: 3135:Ruvuma River 3131:Arab-Swahili 3117: 3112: 3099: 3080: 3043: 3041: 3030: 3028: 3015: 2975:Indian Ocean 2951:North Africa 2936: 2893: 2875:, including 2866: 2820: 2772: 2769:Legal rights 2759:Ubangi-Shari 2748: 2744:totalitarian 2699: 2682: 2662: 2632: 2617: 2598: 2593:Mercedarians 2582: 2554: 2542: 2512:wage slavery 2501: 2496: 2490: 2486:Drapetomania 2478: 2470:libertarians 2461: 2459: 2443: 2413: 2406:Child labour 2384:prostitution 2381: 2373:penal labour 2369:conscription 2361: 2327: 2325: 2316:prostitution 2308:debt bondage 2296: 2283:Debt bondage 2264: 2205:. After the 2200: 2188:abolitionist 2185: 2173:Roman Empire 2164: 2162: 2147:, U.S., 1860 2132: 2117: 2113: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2037: 1994: 1956:through the 1945: 1943: 1928:, people in 1922:debt bondage 1899: 1871: 1863: 1861: 1849:civilization 1821: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1792: 1791: 1688:Slave patrol 1520:Freedom suit 1496:Sierra Leone 1486:Colonization 1402:Abolitionism 1382:Baháʼí Faith 1355:Christianity 1305:Saudi Arabia 1161:Penal Labour 1126:Blackbirding 1032:Debt bondage 1020:penal system 846:Contemporary 836:Field slaves 824:U.S. Natives 783:South Africa 654:Galley slave 627:Slave market 617:House slaves 590:Blackbirding 568:Conscription 492:21st century 455:Umm al-walad 299:Muslim world 268:Emancipation 172:Wage slavery 152:Penal labour 130:Wife selling 120:Bride buying 105:Conscription 95:Child Labour 88:Contemporary 69: 50: 35526:Sentientism 35507:Rationalism 35454:Peripatetic 35434:Natural law 35405:Materialism 35333:Historicism 35323:Hegelianism 35273:Determinism 35150:Agnosticism 35022:Sentientism 34992:Nationalism 34942:Imperialism 34872:Communalism 34867:Colonialism 34821:Weltschmerz 34801:Misanthropy 34701:Stewardship 34629:Obligations 34533:Culpability 34524:Golden Rule 34418:Common good 34336:Supernature 34292:Otherworlds 34251:comparative 34221:Information 34216:Incarnation 34153:Eschatology 34087:Anima mundi 34069:Metaphysics 33988:Observation 33983:Methodology 33765:Moral panic 33745:Mass action 33641:Doublethink 33584:Collectives 33506:Pilgrimages 33395:Coronations 33300:Revolutions 33268:Proselytism 33201:negationism 33087:maintenance 32935:Attentional 32794:Life stance 32762:Epic poetry 32752:Conventions 32529:North Korea 32522:New Zealand 32115:Pay-to-stay 31542:Criminology 31451:Reparations 31416:Black power 31164:New Zealand 30995:Middle East 30948:Switzerland 30908:Netherlands 30623:Dominickers 30498:Nova Scotia 30416:El Salvador 30347:Saint Lucia 30337:Puerto Rico 30023:New Zealand 29740:Untouchable 29665:Proletariat 29655:Pea-pickers 29605:Bourgeoisie 29293:Aristocracy 29179:naturalized 29174:native-born 28668:Historical: 28392:Resignation 28332:Termination 28315:Slow living 28283:Truck wages 28268:Labour camp 28196:Willingness 28088:Infractions 27743:Living wage 27691:Remote work 27359:Gold-collar 27314:Pink-collar 27309:Grey-collar 27299:Blue-collar 27266:Labour hire 27241:Cooperative 27205:Recruitment 27160:Job hunting 27093:Application 27075:Wage labour 27060:Labour hire 27013:Job sharing 26922:LGBT rights 26655:Nationality 26645:LGBT rights 26374:Anti-racism 26115:Middle East 26009:South Korea 26004:North Korea 25919:Hate speech 25841:Substantive 25821:Neocolonial 25386:Nonviolence 25381:LGBT rights 25346:Empowerment 25314:Anti-racism 25236:Segregation 25181:No kid zone 24981:Persecution 24894:Hate speech 24845:Gay bashing 24820:Ethnic joke 24775:Dog whistle 24720:Blood libel 24398:Azerbaijani 24302:Neopaganism 24295:Persecution 24256:Persecution 24239:Persecution 24202:Catholicism 24182:Exclusivism 24132:Transphobia 24115:Supremacism 24070:Lesbophobia 23990:Aporophobia 23955:Anti-autism 23806:Taste-based 23801:Statistical 23735:Truck wages 23710:Labour camp 23246: 1861 23239: 1853 22943:Moses Roper 22927:John Parker 22913:(1790–1880) 22891:Boston King 22882:(1799–1874) 22711:Polly Berry 22654:Mary Prince 22568:(1783–1845) 22562:(1684-1777) 22544:(1698–1733) 22527:(1684–1736) 22510:(1644–1744) 22504:(1660–1736) 22498:(1632–1702) 22492:(1598–1682) 22484: 1735 22467:(1708–1754) 22459:Mende Nazer 22449:(1735–1785) 22437:(1564–1639) 22431:(1767–1843) 22425:(1747–1815) 22419:(1620–1702) 22411:Francis Bok 22407:(1714-1761) 22405:Marcus Berg 22401:(c. 1790–?) 22381:Individuals 20942:. Madison: 20506:February 2, 19206:|work= 19059:Google News 19023:February 6, 18913:February 6, 18887:February 6, 18857:February 6, 18629:. Pdavis.nl 18553:. Pimlico. 18473:: 501–510. 18434:: 110–122. 18343:February 6, 18160:Donated by 18121:. State.gov 18100:February 6, 17722:|work= 17613:February 6, 17408:Boing Boing 17308:January 20, 17198:February 7, 17170:January 16, 17143:February 7, 17117:February 7, 16880:October 17, 16628:(1): 1–31. 16153:February 1, 16120:February 6, 16098:February 6, 16044:. OUP USA. 15619:(1): 1–31. 15558:February 7, 15501:November 2, 15478:November 2, 15454:February 6, 15450:. July 2006 15353:CUP Archive 14986:: 341–342. 14518:Love (1913) 14510:Vink (1998) 14473:The Tribune 14368:February 2, 14305:February 2, 14267:February 2, 13984:February 2, 13946:February 2, 13890:February 2, 13756:February 2, 13679:Japan Probe 13226:. Seattle: 12382:February 7, 12304:February 7, 12049:November 4, 12032:, p. 7 11987:(1): 1–26. 11603:February 6, 11569:February 6, 11499:February 7, 11367:February 6, 11341:February 6, 11177:October 10, 10685:February 7, 10565:|work= 10233:Forbes 1998 9977:February 6, 9730:Kopel, Dave 9564:January 15, 9509:ipsnews.net 9255:FSE Project 8555:January 21, 8528:October 16, 8218:Nate Parker 8213:Nate Parker 8195:Misan Sagay 8170:Amma Asante 8013:Documentary 7998:Yuri Arabov 7885:(TV series) 7869:South Korea 7730:Puerto Rico 7704:El Cimarrón 7530:Halle Berry 7517:(TV series) 7466:Cobra Verde 7412:(TV series) 7367:Telenovela 7363:(TV series) 7063:Film genre 6975:(1915) and 6959:Poster for 6908:Reparations 6890:U.S. Senate 6833:Slave Coast 6797:passed the 6725:human right 6651:John Newton 6498:Qin dynasty 6458:Exeter Hall 6239:Mary Carver 6158:Providentia 5985:Victims of 5981:Trafficking 5908:North Korea 5868:During the 5782:sweat shops 5519:Circassians 5443:Circassians 5351:Middle East 5180:During the 4804:issued the 4792:(922), the 4708:was led by 4676:begin with 4672:Records of 4657:Ishmaelites 4453:Gabo Reform 4363:Han Chinese 4320:during the 4318:Han Chinese 4306:Han Chinese 4265:same period 4259:Book of Han 4236:Han dynasty 4087: 1790 4055:territories 4030:Upper South 3881:infanticide 3873:birth rates 3871:. They had 3658:Nèg'Marrons 3628:slave codes 3421:a civil war 3321:Amerindians 3292:Mita (Inca) 3164:Livingstone 3072:East Africa 3019:plantations 2943:West Africa 2937:During the 2841:during the 2839:agriculture 2716:North Korea 2678: 1853 2614:Middle Ages 2573:gang system 2524:wage labour 2157:New Orleans 2094:Terminology 1805:Enslavement 1703:court cases 1575: [ 1525:Slave Power 1513:Manumission 1360:Catholicism 1235:Afghanistan 976:Puerto Rico 888:The Bahamas 866:Slave codes 669:Shanghaiing 659:Impressment 551:Slave Coast 431:Qajar harem 391:Concubinage 364:slave trade 35620:Employment 35604:Categories 35493:Pyrrhonism 35483:Pragmatism 35478:Positivism 35381:Kantianism 35288:Empiricism 35206:philosophy 35203:Schools of 35146:Irreligion 35142:Secularity 35075:Cheondoism 35007:Radicalism 34987:Monarchism 34982:Militarism 34967:Liberalism 34912:Fanaticism 34852:Capitalism 34834:ideologies 34832:political 34760:Wrongdoing 34664:Repentance 34654:Punishment 34649:Principles 34644:Praxeology 34433:Creativity 34423:Conscience 34384:Almsgiving 34297:axes mundi 34181:Nonfiction 34158:Everything 34020:Revelation 34008:fallacious 33998:Perception 33934:scientific 33857:Status quo 33696:Groupshift 33611:Conformity 33566:Groupthink 33481:Liminality 33415:Employment 33390:Ceremonies 33258:Propaganda 33243:Persuasion 33119:Censorship 33085:Change and 33064:Status quo 32972:Congruence 32443:By country 32080:Informants 31995:Literature 31934:Helicopter 31893:Sally port 31858:Commissary 31836:Components 31729:Chain gang 31715:Labor camp 31701:Internment 31666:Black site 31563:Punishment 31384:Coromantee 30799:Paramaccan 30713:Quilombola 30653:Melungeons 30411:Costa Rica 30320:Coromantee 30013:Luxembourg 29903:Inequality 29568:Superclass 29359:Hereditary 29335:Post-Roman 29326:Patrician 29196:adolescent 29020:Classicide 28602:Wage curve 28409:Retirement 28322:Workaholic 28300:Work ethic 28167:Wage theft 28152:Labour law 28147:Evaluation 28132:Dress code 27897:Sick leave 27862:Child care 27824:Salary cap 27738:Income tax 27701:Shift work 27638:Time clock 27633:Sick leave 27628:Sabbatical 27593:Break room 27581:Attendance 27550:Profession 27535:Mentorship 27513:Retraining 27438:E-learning 27334:New-collar 27329:Red-collar 27276:Supervisor 27256:Internship 27175:Onboarding 27043:Technician 27038:Journeyman 27008:Gig worker 26974:Employment 26660:Personhood 26253:Vietnamese 26026:Arab world 25924:Hate group 25914:Hate crime 25851:Xenophobia 25831:Scientific 25816:Linguistic 25660:Stereotype 25655:Speciesism 25536:Oppression 25531:Oikophobia 25427:Allophilia 25411:Toleration 25268:Sodomy law 25161:Internment 25081:Witch-hunt 24959:Blackhawks 24889:Hate group 24877:Hate crime 24850:Gendercide 24840:Freak show 24830:Excellence 24790:Employment 24760:Defamation 24687:Vietnamese 24682:Venezuelan 24567:Lithuanian 24229:Falun Gong 24159:Xenophobia 24154:Vegaphobia 24137:Non-binary 24095:Pedophobia 24060:Homophobia 23882:Skin color 23842:Disability 23815:Attributes 23796:Structural 23700:Encomienda 23424:Copper Sun 23373:Unburnable 23309:Dessa Rose 23036:Osifekunde 22968:Venerable 22911:James Mars 22824:Lear Green 22808:Monticello 22768:Noah Davis 22737:John Brown 22716:Henry Bibb 22659:Venerable 22465:Hark Olufs 22273:(in Dutch) 22173:Historical 21853:2008009151 21613:Mintz, S. 21584:(1): 117. 20715:. Oxford: 20691:2008009151 20423:January 9, 20192:. London: 19382:Davis 2002 19370:Davis 2002 19332:(4): 181. 18998:January 7, 18972:January 7, 18964:. London. 18939:August 29, 18826:August 29, 18720:October 5, 18633:August 29, 18403:August 16, 18192:August 28, 18147:. London: 18125:August 29, 18070:August 29, 18009:August 18, 17869:Greenpeace 17585:January 3, 17555:August 29, 17503:August 29, 17478:January 8, 16895:Bales 1999 16700:August 29, 16596:August 29, 16574:August 29, 16551:Lewis 1992 16389:(3–4): 2. 15671:August 29, 15584:August 29, 15127:August 29, 15105:August 29, 14838:August 29, 14812:August 11, 14774:August 29, 14728:(1): 916. 14534:Itinerario 13873:. p. 13689:January 7, 13552:SUNY Press 13482:SUNY Press 13188:, London: 13126:Lee (1997) 13105:Tōyō Bunko 12832:August 29, 12757:August 28, 12187:August 23, 12129:, p. 10971:August 29, 10593:August 11, 10323:August 12, 9771:October 9, 9691:August 29, 9374:Al Jazeera 9331:Bales 2004 9261:August 31, 8813:De Gruyter 8701:Lewis 1992 8492:August 29, 8435:Bales 2004 8342:. Oxford: 8323:References 8073:Jamie Foxx 7555:Alex Haley 7525:John Erman 7456:Alex Haley 7325:Ken Norton 7253:Anne Golon 6989:John Brown 6852:Tony Blair 6750:Chân Không 6460:in London. 6218:La Amistad 6182:Marinerito 6166:Presidente 5977:annually. 5912:See also: 5902:Mauritania 5896:Mauritania 5892:in Libya. 5890:child rape 5882:sex slaves 5842:North Face 5770:See also: 5705:sweatshops 5697:capitalism 5620:See also: 5425:Arab World 5355:See also: 5196:Aryan race 5132:Kievan Rus 5032:Al-Andalus 4806:papal bull 4694:sex slaves 4690:gladiators 4534:Coromandel 4513:South Asia 4474:concubines 4393:East Asian 4274:After the 4224:See also: 4197:See also: 4183:California 4053:. The new 3900:mixed-race 3886:As in its 3834:Hispaniola 3792:to protect 3784:advisement 3679:or Aukan, 3623:sugar cane 3572:work hours 3523:John Casor 3504:John Punch 3457:Hispaniola 3417:revolution 3403:slave ship 3288:Encomienda 3266:, and the 3252:Oyo Empire 2999:Mozambique 2981:), to the 2979:Madagascar 2869:Senegambia 2861:See also: 2807:See also: 2751:encomienda 2601:Adam Smith 2549:landowners 2520:dysphemism 2516:pejorative 2504:socialists 2434:See also: 2404:See also: 2356:See also: 2322:Dependents 2287:See also: 2267:Mauritania 2033:Late Latin 2028:εσκλαβήνος 2016:Ésklabēnoí 2010:Έσκλαβηνοί 1989:ésklabḗnos 1983:εσκλαβήνος 1958:Old French 1910:sweatshops 1901:Mauritania 1718:J.Q. Adams 1708:Washington 1678:Slave name 1622:convention 1597:Common law 970:Encomienda 766:Seychelles 751:Mauritania 674:Slave ship 541:Panyarring 536:New France 185:Historical 35541:Spinozism 35473:Pluralism 35464:Platonism 35415:Modernism 35400:Logicians 35268:Cyrenaics 35229:Averroism 35169:Spiritism 35137:Rastafari 35052:Religions 35032:Socialism 35012:Reformism 34977:Masculism 34932:Globalism 34907:Extremism 34877:Communism 34842:Anarchism 34816:Reclusion 34811:Pessimism 34793:Attitudes 34716:Suffering 34679:Sexuality 34669:Reverence 34659:Qualities 34578:religious 34558:Judgement 34538:Happiness 34502:Étiquette 34492:Eroticism 34480:Aesthetic 34463:religious 34458:emotional 34448:Economics 34379:Aesthetic 34341:Teleology 34285:political 34246:Mythology 34211:Illusions 34186:Free will 34172:Existence 34167:Evolution 34141:existence 34124:religious 34119:Cosmology 34114:Cosmogony 34092:Causality 34082:Afterlife 34030:Tradition 34025:Testimony 34003:Reasoning 33963:Intuition 33929:anecdotal 33887:Knowledge 33862:Stigmergy 33847:Sociology 33646:Emergence 33385:Calendars 33181:Euphemism 33169:religious 33164:Education 32997:Homophily 32950:Cognitive 32799:Lifestyle 32697:Worldview 32452:Australia 32184:Sexuality 32073:Education 32032:Tattooing 31826:Death row 31722:Battalion 31581:Prisoners 31205:Secondary 31169:Sri Lanka 31147:Mardijker 31137:Indonesia 31108:Hong Kong 31103:Guangzhou 31093:Australia 31040:Palestine 30968:Liverpool 30963:Cambridge 30816:Venezuela 30688:Argentina 30443:Nicaragua 30421:Guatemala 30201:Caribbean 30179:Geography 30038:Sri Lanka 29931:Education 29898:Household 29791:Affluence 29726:Rat tribe 29688:Ant tribe 29660:Precariat 29645:Lazzaroni 29587:Bohemians 29548:Overclass 29543:Old money 29479:Spartiate 29454:Kshatriya 29444:Hashashin 29401:Professor 29342:Political 29315:Oligarchy 29305:Hanseaten 29223:Stateless 29203:Convicted 29135:By status 29098:Subaltern 29030:Euthenics 28962:New class 28789:Workhouse 28709:Busy work 28523:Recession 28387:Pink slip 28345:Dismissal 28208:Careerism 27802:Singapore 27780:Hong Kong 27648:Schedules 27567:Tradesman 27468:Licensure 27428:Education 27398:Avocation 27339:No-collar 27319:Precariat 27200:Probation 27155:Job fraud 26640:Legal aid 26434:Race card 26369:Alt-right 26169:Argentina 26130:Palestine 26048:Australia 25874:Apartheid 25862:of racism 25633:Christian 25561:Prejudice 25509:Masculism 25457:Diversity 25251:religious 25226:Redlining 24825:Ethnocide 24785:Education 24672:Ukrainian 24602:Pakistani 24592:Mongolian 24513:Australia 24495:Hungarian 24450:Colombian 24430:Bulgarian 24312:Rastafari 24261:Ahmadiyya 24169:Religious 24147:Trans men 24105:Pregnancy 24040:Gayphobia 24035:Fatphobia 23940:Acephobia 23935:Arophobia 23919:Viewpoint 23149:(1936–38) 22635:Caribbean 22461:(b. 1982) 22413:(b. 1979) 21861:750831024 21689:Routledge 21598:0003-0678 21370:195243866 21318:162624457 21210:144866813 21173:220850066 20909:Lal, K.S. 20709:(1988) . 20699:750831024 20591:304436379 20539:1385-3783 20474:ignored ( 20464:cite book 20456:0072-9396 20372:(2007a). 20146:205804782 19907:148284255 19676:(1968) . 19346:0148-6179 19208:ignored ( 19198:cite book 19152:The Voice 18534:141017958 18338:0362-4331 17916:AllAfrica 17724:ignored ( 17714:cite book 16966:0362-4331 16850:March 14, 16403:165354205 16318:ignored ( 16308:cite book 16088:"Träldom" 15330:0013-0117 14750:179216974 14742:2304-4934 14452:155047611 14353:Routledge 14290:Routledge 13931:Routledge 13710:Routledge 13190:Routledge 13180:(2013) , 13113:0082-562X 12938:145709968 12930:0018-098X 12352:March 16, 12232:Ali, Arif 12009:154682898 11852:August 8, 11782:162278526 11538:0362-4331 11283:March 12, 11233:Routledge 11211:0261-3077 11080:. BRILL. 11059:March 23, 10899:Routledge 10829:Routledge 10755:1468-2621 10623:March 19, 10567:ignored ( 10557:cite book 10508:"Slavery" 10430:0362-4331 10072:154921369 10027:154616683 9858:: 77–78. 9315:help page 9192:Patterson 9112:(1): 51. 8670:0020-7438 8625:"slave". 8369:"Slavery" 7969:The Horde 7799:Thriller 7651:Gladiator 7175:Cervantes 7133:Spartacus 7066:Director 7020:Spartacus 7010:Spartacus 6962:Spartacus 6920:civil law 6879:Liverpool 6864:Jamestown 6789:Apologies 6681:Worldwide 6502:Wang Mang 6478:Wang Mang 6198:Brillante 5972:Economics 5961:Sri Lanka 5414:Egyptians 5327:The word 5256:romanized 5243:‹See Tfd› 5156:thralldom 5116:in 1783. 5102:Circassia 5098:Wallachia 4882:Æthelstan 4868:Radhanite 4737:provinces 4710:Spartacus 4659:purchase 4587:Indochina 4499:Hideyoshi 4476:to Asian 4403:. In the 4367:Altishahr 4299:Yu Xuanji 4294:livestock 4254:Wang Mang 4244:territory 4204:East Asia 4178:GEO Group 4174:CoreCivic 4111:Civil War 3997:Jefferson 3861:Louis XIV 3851:Code Noir 3832:of 1697, 3740:bandeiras 3537:In 1519, 3508:Hugh Gwyn 3465:Dominican 3441:New World 3329:Tupinambá 3205:When the 3013:islands. 2904:Ethiopian 2561:sugarcane 2557:monocrops 2539:Economics 2460:The word 2424:restaveks 2414:In 2007, 2326:The word 2004:Sklábinoi 1998:Σκλάβινοι 1944:The word 1940:Etymology 1894:Louisiana 1797:ownership 1713:Jefferson 1365:Mormonism 1300:Palestine 1114:Australia 1044:Indonesia 935:Lei Áurea 918:Code Noir 898:Caribbean 871:Treatment 610:Treatment 583:Devshirme 445:Odalisque 263:In Russia 204:Babylonia 192:Antiquity 35546:Stoicism 35449:Nihilism 35395:Legalism 35390:Kokugaku 35356:Idealism 35347:Humanism 35318:Hedonism 35308:Fatalism 35283:Eleatics 35263:Cynicism 35179:Tenrikyo 35102:Hinduism 35070:Caodaism 35065:Buddhism 35042:Veganism 34997:Pacifism 34962:Islamism 34922:Feminism 34806:Optimism 34782:Examples 34731:Theodicy 34721:Sympathy 34617:Morality 34475:Emotions 34470:Elegance 34398:Autonomy 34393:Altruism 34346:Theology 34275:Ontology 34241:Miracles 34097:Concepts 34077:Ætiology 34052:criteria 34035:folklore 33924:Evidence 33740:Mob rule 33731:Lynching 33491:Marriage 33469:cultural 33447:Holidays 33433:Funerals 33428:Families 33410:Doctrine 33373:cultural 33305:Rhetoric 33124:Charisma 33099:Argument 33094:Activism 32982:Cultural 32930:Academic 32863:Schemata 32833:Paradigm 32808:Memeplex 32789:Ideology 32779:factoids 32613:Scotland 32248:(Brazil) 32212:Violence 32161:Religion 32002:American 31851:Cemetery 31819:Supermax 31738:Military 31680:Debtors' 31604:Detainee 31597:Criminal 31549:Penology 31475:Category 31325:Asia and 31294:Haitians 31249:Nigeria 31239:Liberia 31209:diaspora 31185:Atlantic 31159:Malaysia 31060:Africans 30978:Scotland 30923:Portugal 30844:Abkhazia 30804:Saramaka 30779:Suriname 30769:Paraguay 30757:Saramaka 30725:Colombia 30703:Kalungas 30633:Garifuna 30569:Freedmen 30520:Mascogos 30453:Cimarrón 30426:Honduras 30404:Garifuna 30374:Merikins 30357:Garifuna 30271:Dominica 30229:Barbados 30209:Anguilla 30187:Americas 30130:Category 30062:Historic 29983:Colombia 29973:Cambodia 29908:Personal 29806:Mobility 29735:Freedman 29721:Plebeian 29707:Prisoner 29693:Commoner 29579:Creative 29560:Seigneur 29526:Nobility 29484:Vanniyar 29469:Pendekar 29429:Cossacks 29063:Snobbery 28935:Theories 28697:See also 28623:Workfare 28448:Turnover 27844:Benefits 27725:salaries 27686:Overtime 27676:Flextime 27608:Gap year 27603:Furlough 27572:Vocation 27555:Operator 27418:Coaching 27373:training 27251:Employer 27246:Employee 27150:Job fair 27028:Side job 26902:Abortion 26740:Suffrage 26489:Category 26404:Lynching 26379:Casteism 26224:Japanese 26083:Portugal 26014:Thailand 25982:Zimbabwe 25846:Symbolic 25836:Societal 25826:Romantic 25791:Gendered 25771:Cultural 25761:Colorism 25756:Aversive 25690:Category 25672:The talk 25608:Snobbery 25526:Net bias 25356:Feminism 25283:Ugly law 25124:Catholic 25092:policies 24939:Mortgage 24934:Lynching 24865:examples 24860:Genocide 24780:Economic 24765:Democide 24725:Bullying 24637:Scottish 24632:Romanian 24597:Nigerian 24540:Japanese 24475:Georgian 24460:Filipino 24393:Assyrian 24366:Armenian 24356:American 24351:Albanian 24333:National 24317:Yazidism 24234:Hinduism 24192:Buddhism 24090:Nepotism 24085:Misogyny 24080:Misandry 24005:Clannism 24000:Biphobia 23945:Adultism 23862:Language 23445:" (1848) 23191:Oroonoko 22875:John Jea 22479:(1663 – 22473:(1705–?) 22455:(1704–?) 22144:(2010). 21723:(2007). 21709:(1918). 21633:(1975). 21555:(2011). 21531:(1999). 21387:(2016). 21202:29770104 21095:(1994). 21067:(2007). 21039:(2016). 20911:(1994). 20737:(1999). 20626:(2014). 20587:ProQuest 20400:(2004). 20380:ABC-CLIO 20352:ABC-CLIO 20344:(1997). 20202:1773373W 20163:(1992). 20138:18340600 20029:(1978). 19944:(1992). 19862:(2002). 19842:ABC-CLIO 19802:(1978). 19629:61363605 19611:ABC-CLIO 19578:(1999). 19556:(1996). 19522:(2003). 19134:July 29, 19053:July 22, 18993:BBC News 18966:Archived 18933:BBC News 18907:BBC News 18801:15580435 18766:July 13, 18762:. UNESCO 18745:HuffPost 18487:24448702 18448:42843569 18143:(1841). 18040:July 24, 18005:. Du.edu 17782:Archived 17750:Archived 17698:Archived 17670:Archived 17640:Archived 17549:BBC News 17498:BBC News 17472:BBC News 17428:BBC News 17277:July 21, 17251:June 20, 17226:July 21, 17164:Archived 17138:BBC News 17084:NBC News 17039:July 11, 17033:Archived 17015:(2018). 16614:(2007). 16536:April 9, 16484:March 6, 16009:(2013). 15950:(2007). 15605:(2007). 15188:ABC-CLIO 15016:(2006). 14832:BBC News 14444:25188289 14212:25066328 14165:39655102 13659:March 2, 13462:allowed. 12910:Hesperia 12893:March 6, 12400:(2016). 12234:(1997). 12094:(1954). 11706:ABC-CLIO 11361:BBC News 11335:BBC News 10371:Archived 10317:Eurozine 10140:(1857). 9951:March 4, 9917:March 4, 9874:12835252 9668:Archived 9584:BBC News 9558:Archived 9354:July 27, 9299:BBC News 9218:(2016). 9126:00438243 9027:June 27, 8941:Archived 8841:"Sklave" 8839:(1995). 8803:(1989). 8787:40266114 8716:(1899). 8610:June 16, 8296:Mukataba 8255:See also 8064:Western 7344:Mandingo 7311:Mandingo 7263:Queimada 7072:Country 6731:states: 6706:Zanzibar 6508:Americas 6484:Emperor 6249:Incident 6227:Emanuela 6220:Incident 5953:Eswatini 5886:brothels 5794:Xinjiang 5535:Damascus 5483:and the 5467:and the 5456:Saqaliba 5441:(mainly 5439:Caucasus 5431:(mainly 5094:Moldavia 5028:Portugal 4982:devşirme 4972:and the 4934:and the 4848:Caucasus 4831:and the 4612:he mōkai 4610:Slaves ( 4503:en masse 4337:Booi Aha 4326:Negritos 4146:Arkansas 4097:won the 4051:Congress 3951:Staunton 3865:smallpox 3673:Saramaka 3615:Scottish 3476:Camagüey 3337:Comanche 3319:. Other 3278:Americas 3003:Tanzania 2722:Kippumjo 2685:branding 2559:such as 2260:in Yemen 2248:in Qatar 2217:and the 2165:chattels 2051:scylāvus 1853:outlawed 1801:property 1745:Iron bit 1735:40 acres 1698:breeding 1508:Freedman 1343:Religion 1203:Portugal 1088:Thailand 1078:Maldives 1073:Malaysia 1066:Kwalliso 1010:Booi Aha 962:Restavek 942:Colombia 913:Trinidad 903:Barbados 793:Zanzibar 741:Ethiopia 622:Saqaliba 516:Database 467:Saqaliba 228:Ancillae 58:a series 56:Part of 35610:Slavery 35575:Yangism 35560:Thomism 35536:Sophism 35278:Dualism 35239:Cārvāka 35224:Atomism 35164:Sikhism 35154:Atheism 35122:Judaism 35117:Jainism 35107:Hòa Hảo 34917:Fascism 34746:Virtues 34585:Liberty 34563:Justice 34543:Harmony 34453:Ecstasy 34438:Disgust 34428:Consent 34388:Charity 34321:Reality 34304:Physics 34196:History 34177:Fiction 34162:Nothing 34148:Destiny 34136:Deities 33951:fideism 33917:outline 33760:Mobbing 33556:Worship 33546:Symbols 33528:Rituals 33521:secular 33486:Liturgy 33452:Hygiene 33423:Slavery 33419:Serfdom 33360:Culture 32911:Aspects 32823:Mindset 32784:Framing 32742:Context 32723:Beliefs 32654:Commons 32592:Bermuda 32580:Ukraine 32508:Jamaica 32487:Iceland 32480:Germany 32473:Estonia 32425:Prisons 32205:Suicide 32198:Strikes 31957:Culture 31886:Officer 31879:Nursery 31872:Library 31759:Private 31650:Prisons 31611:Hostage 31590:Convict 31534:Science 31485:Commons 31446:Slavery 31436:Maroons 31355:Related 31327:Oceania 31285:France 31174:Kaffirs 31086:Oceania 30953:Ukraine 30928:Romania 30898:Ireland 30881:Germany 30864:Finland 30859:Denmark 30854:Belgium 30849:Austria 30811:Uruguay 30789:Matawai 30737:Ecuador 30708:Macombo 30693:Bolivia 30681:America 30503:Ontario 30466:America 30392:America 30390:Central 30315:Jamaica 30303:Marabou 30293:Grenada 30266:Curaçao 30234:Bermuda 30224:Bahamas 30033:Romania 30028:Nigeria 29913:Poverty 29816:Classes 29801:History 29712:Peasant 29698:Outcast 29637:Working 29617:Burgher 29474:Samurai 29464:Ocēlōtl 29424:Chhetri 29416:Warrior 29406:Scholar 29320:Russian 29310:Magnate 29298:Aristoi 29277:By type 29164:Citizen 29157:refugee 29053:Poverty 29047:Parvenu 28981:Related 28952:Marxian 28914:Stratum 28673:U.S.A.: 28278:Peonage 28253:Slavery 28203:Boreout 27942:Karoshi 27892:Pension 27681:On-call 27386:Artisan 27070:Laborer 26650:Liberty 26499:Commons 26409:Passing 26364:Ableism 26287:Mexican 26207:Chinese 26103:Ukraine 26068:Germany 26058:Denmark 26019:Vietnam 25700:Commons 25479:Figleaf 24904:Housing 24667:Turkish 24612:Pashtun 24582:Mexican 24562:Kurdish 24535:Italian 24485:Haitian 24470:Finnish 24445:Chinese 24440:Chechen 24435:Catalan 24425:Bengali 24346:African 24331:Ethnic/ 24290:Judaism 24276:Sunnism 24266:Shi'ism 24177:Atheism 24010:Elitism 23909:Species 23847:Genetic 23837:Dialect 23730:Slavery 23725:Serfdom 23523:Related 23317:Beloved 23301:Kindred 23269:Jubilee 23261:Our Nig 22181:at the 21821:(ed.). 21606:2712264 21310:2638543 21260:4211433 21239:2234490 20659:(ed.). 20440:, Ltd. 20100:July 4, 19473:June 3, 19453:3660347 19354:2904301 19274:May 16, 19129:Brattle 18526:2649071 18164:in 1880 17984:May 22, 17956:May 20, 17876:May 19, 17848:May 19, 17816:May 19, 17788:July 1, 17756:July 1, 17704:July 1, 17676:July 1, 17646:July 1, 17529:May 28, 16766:May 31, 16445:, Inc. 15904:May 31, 15835:May 31, 15797:May 31, 15723:May 31, 15283:May 11, 15241:May 11, 15203:May 31, 15165:May 31, 14029:Chinese 12298:wdl.org 12001:2120553 11413:May 31, 10741:: 104. 10710:May 15, 10218:May 31, 10180:May 31, 10064:2116721 10019:2117209 9380:May 12, 9306:May 23, 9034:freedom 8977:May 31, 8093: 8090: 8051: 8048: 8020: 7979: 7926:Lincoln 7915: 7873: 7857: 7838: 7835: 7819:Germany 7807: 7786: 7783: 7755: 7734: 7693: 7637: 7607:Beloved 7598: 7595: 7565:Amistad 7432: 7420:Chomsky 7375: 7301: 7298: 7229: 7208: 7205: 7166: 7163: 7078:Author 6799:Taubira 6596:Liberia 6492:in the 5948:fishing 5932:torture 5854:Samsung 5830:Inditex 5826:H&M 5570:Bukhara 5558:Persian 5451:Central 5449:), and 5447:Tartars 5437:), the 5383:caravan 5329:"GULAG" 5258:: 5247:Russian 5234:Kremlin 5140:kholops 5136:Muscovy 5044:Córdoba 5038:caliph 5036:Almohad 4912:English 4902:Bristol 4898:Chester 4884:'s and 4852:Tartary 4840:Central 4798:Serfdom 4704:); the 4606:Oceania 4559:by the 4553:Malabar 4423:yangban 4378:Kisaeng 4284:Chinese 4280:jianmin 4240:Marquis 4162:in 2018 4142:Alabama 4138:Georgia 4120:to the 4059:Britain 4017:hanging 3877:aborted 3813:in 1791 3722:, 1839. 3664:Marrons 3653:Maroons 3619:African 3617:, with 3607:English 3445:Spanish 3367:Tlingit 3349:and by 3264:Dahomey 3258:), the 3233:Swahili 3229:Red Sea 3183:kinship 3102:Algiers 3094:Algiers 2916:Ferrara 2900:retinue 2889:Songhai 2797:History 2704:kisaeng 2545:serfdom 2506:and by 2497:slavery 2462:slavery 2365:serfdom 2328:slavery 2244:in Oman 2196:in 1888 2145:Georgia 2087:skyleúō 2081:skūleúō 2075:σκυλεύω 2044:sclāvus 2022:σκλάβος 1977:sklábos 1971:σκλάβος 1962:esclave 1912:of the 1841:poverty 1795:is the 1793:Slavery 1723:Lincoln 1591:Related 1491:Liberia 1377:Judaism 1315:Tunisia 1290:Morocco 1280:Lebanon 1245:Bahrain 1240:Algeria 1208:Romania 1173:Denmark 1166:Slavery 1100:Vietnam 771:Somalia 761:Nigeria 736:Comoros 664:Pirates 573:Ghilman 506:Bristol 396:history 369:pirates 258:History 147:Peonage 70:slavery 35429:Monism 35424:Mohism 35376:Ionian 35342:Holism 35174:Taoism 35159:Shinto 35060:Baháʼí 34706:Styles 34684:ethics 34674:Rights 34622:public 34607:Maxims 34548:Honour 34497:Ethics 34413:Comedy 34403:Beauty 34331:Spirit 34263:Nature 34236:Matter 34191:Future 33973:Memory 33958:Gnosis 33895:Axioms 33825:animal 33706:Holism 33594:animal 33457:ritual 33437:Burial 33378:social 33283:forced 33174:values 33074:ethnic 32945:Belief 32922:Biases 32888:Umwelt 32573:Turkey 32550:Russia 32536:Norway 31918:Escape 31907:Warden 31708:Island 31404:Yoruba 31357:topics 31334:Israel 31279:Europe 31224:Ghana 31217:Africa 31055:Turkey 31030:Jordan 31013:Israel 30973:London 30943:Sweden 30933:Russia 30918:Poland 30913:Norway 30891:Blacks 30886:Greece 30869:France 30835:Blacks 30830:Europe 30794:Ndyuka 30784:Kwinti 30764:Guyana 30752:Ndyuka 30730:Raizal 30698:Brazil 30663:Yoruba 30648:Lumbee 30628:Fulani 30606:Gullah 30515:Mexico 30473:Canada 30448:Panama 30399:Belize 30308:Marron 30281:Cocolo 29988:France 29968:Belize 29963:Africa 29890:Income 29846:Middle 29839:Gentry 29703:Outlaw 29610:Petite 29597:Middle 29531:Landed 29516:Gentry 29449:Knight 29389:Priest 29384:Clergy 29347:Family 29285:Ruling 29234:collar 29191:Clique 28907:Status 28377:Layoff 27927:Crunch 27785:Europe 27775:Canada 27763:Europe 27369:Career 27210:Résumé 27085:Hiring 26993:Casual 26889:Sexual 26331:Slavic 26326:Romani 26321:Muslim 26294:Jewish 26241:Korean 26202:Asians 26174:Brazil 26157:Mexico 26147:Canada 26135:Turkey 26125:Israel 26088:Russia 26078:Poland 26063:France 26053:Europe 25972:Africa 25806:Patent 25786:Formal 25766:Covert 25742:Racism 25665:threat 25519:autism 25256:sexual 25246:racial 25129:Jewish 24986:Pogrom 24964:Chiefs 24954:Braves 24677:Uyghur 24652:Somali 24647:Slavic 24627:Romani 24622:Quebec 24617:Polish 24557:Korean 24518:Canada 24505:Indian 24490:Hazara 24465:Fulani 24376:France 24341:Afghan 24271:Sufism 23995:Audism 23928:Social 23857:Height 23695:Corvée 23637:(2008) 23629:(2002) 23621:(1867) 23613:(2008) 23605:(1931) 23597:(1847) 23589:(1783) 23515:(2008) 23507:(2003) 23488:(2022) 23480:(1859) 23472:(1858) 23453:(1853) 23435:Essays 23427:(2006) 23419:(1965) 23411:(1951) 23392:(2016) 23384:(2007) 23376:(2006) 23368:(2003) 23360:(2002) 23352:(2001) 23344:(1996) 23336:(1993) 23328:(1990) 23320:(1987) 23312:(1986) 23304:(1979) 23296:(1977) 23288:(1976) 23280:(1967) 23272:(1966) 23264:(1859) 23256:(1856) 23226:(1853) 23223:Clotel 23218:(1852) 23210:(1852) 23202:(1841) 23194:(1688) 23173:(2018) 23165:(1972) 23157:(1956) 23141:(1901) 23133:(1881) 23125:(1872) 23117:(1861) 23109:(1855) 23101:(1853) 23093:(1849) 23085:(1845) 23077:(1839) 23069:(1816) 23061:(1789) 22810:–1901) 22806:(1815 22728:(1834) 22610:Canada 22535:Europe 22392:Africa 22299:Modern 22156: 22130: 22109: 22073: 22034: 22010: 21985: 21960: 21935: 21907: 21882: 21859: 21851: 21841: 21791: 21762: 21737: 21695: 21670: 21643: 21604: 21596: 21565: 21541: 21517: 21492: 21471: 21450: 21425: 21397: 21368: 21316: 21308: 21258: 21237: 21208: 21200: 21171: 21133: 21112: 21081: 21053: 21025: 21000: 20975: 20950: 20921: 20897: 20872: 20847: 20826: 20801: 20776: 20751: 20723: 20697: 20689: 20679: 20640: 20589: 20579: 20554: 20537: 20497: 20454: 20444: 20414: 20386: 20358: 20330: 20292: 20267: 20236: 20200: 20177: 20144: 20136: 20091: 20066: 20043: 20002: 19956: 19905: 19874: 19848: 19825: 19788: 19759: 19730: 19690: 19627: 19617: 19592: 19564: 19542: 19451: 19416:494885 19414: 19352: 19344: 19303: 19237: 19186: 18799: 18789: 18653:UNESCO 18557: 18532: 18524: 18485: 18446: 18394: 18336: 18302: 18246: 18218: 17025: 16964: 16914: 16792:May 1, 16757: 16676: 16457: 16401: 16048: 15895: 15864: 15826: 15788: 15757: 15714: 15646: 15530: 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