2680:
929:
1503:
visible on the horizon, whereas sunset is the instant when the trailing edge of the disk disappears below the horizon. These are the moments of first and last direct sunlight. At these times the center of the disk is below the horizon. Furthermore, atmospheric refraction causes the Sun's disk to appear higher in the sky than it would if the Earth had no atmosphere. Thus, in the morning the upper edge of the disk is visible for several minutes before the geometric edge of the disk reaches the horizon. Similarly, in the evening the upper edge of the disk disappears several minutes after the geometric disk has passed below the horizon. The times of sunrise and sunset in almanacs are calculated for the normal atmospheric refraction of 34 minutes of arc and a
3412:
1014:, believed to have been coined in the 1980s, achieved more widespread recognition in the 21st century. At the most precise measurements, a true equilux is rare, because the lengths of day and night change more rapidly than any other time of the year around the equinoxes. In the mid-latitudes, daylight increases or decreases by about three minutes per day at the equinoxes, and thus adjacent days and nights only reach within one minute of each other. The date of the closest approximation of the equilux varies slightly by latitude; in the mid-latitudes, it occurs a few days before the spring equinox and after the fall equinox in each respective hemisphere.
708:
1130:
820:, which means he wanted to move the vernal equinox to the date on which it fell at that time (21 March is the day allocated to it in the Easter table of the Julian calendar), and to maintain it at around that date in the future, which he achieved by reducing the number of leap years from 100 to 97 every 400 years. However, there remained a small residual variation in the date and time of the vernal equinox of about ±27 hours from its mean position, virtually all because the distribution of 24 hour centurial leap-days causes large jumps (see
688:
937:
728:
744:
2674:
1346:. The newer meaning of "equilux" is modern (c. 1985 to 1986), and not usually intended: Technical references since the beginning of the 20th century (c. 1910) have used the terms "equilux" and "isophot" interchangeably to mean "of equal illumination" in the context of curves showing how intensely lighting equipment will illuminate a surface. See for instance Walsh (1947). The earliest confirmed use of the modern meaning was in a post on the
3448:
3400:
3436:
890:: names referring to the apparent direction of motion of the Sun. The northward equinox occurs in March when the Sun crosses the equator from south to north, and the southward equinox occurs in September when the Sun crosses the equator from north to south. These terms can be used unambiguously for other planets. They are rarely seen, although were first proposed over 100 years ago.
3424:
854:= autumn). These are the historically universal and still most widely used terms for the equinoxes, but are potentially confusing because in the southern hemisphere the vernal equinox does not occur in spring and the autumnal equinox does not occur in autumn. The equivalent common language English terms
1108:
the satellite relative to Earth (i.e. within the beam-width of the ground-station antenna) for a short period each day. The Sun's immense power and broad radiation spectrum overload the Earth station's reception circuits with noise and, depending on antenna size and other factors, temporarily disrupt
984:, but the difference is comparatively small.) Their combination means that when the upper limb of the Sun is on the visible horizon, its centre is 50 arcminutes below the geometric horizon, which is the intersection with the celestial sphere of a horizontal plane through the eye of the observer.
944:
On the date of the equinox, the center of the Sun spends a roughly equal amount of time above and below the horizon at every location on the Earth, so night and day are about the same length. Sunrise and sunset can be defined in several ways, but a widespread definition is the time that the top limb
765:
For the same reason, this is also the time when the Sun rises for an observer at one of Earth's rotational poles and sets at the other. For a brief period lasting approximately four days, both North and South Poles are in daylight. For example, in 2021 sunrise on the North Pole is 18 March 07:09 UTC,
987:
These effects make the day about 14 minutes longer than the night at the equator and longer still towards the poles. The real equality of day and night only happens in places far enough from the equator to have a seasonal difference in day length of at least 7 minutes, actually occurring a
1120:
and rely only on battery power. Usually, a satellite travels either north or south of the Earth's shadow because Earth's axis is not directly perpendicular to a line from the Earth to the Sun at other times. During the equinox, since geostationary satellites are situated above the
Equator, they are
1502:
On the day of an equinox, the geometric center of the Sun's disk crosses the equator, and this point is above the horizon for 12 hours everywhere on the Earth. However, the Sun is not simply a geometric point. Sunrise is defined as the instant when the leading edge of the Sun's disk becomes
1002:
A third correction for the visual observation of a sunrise (or sunset) is the angle between the apparent horizon as seen by an observer and the geometric (or sensible) horizon. This is known as the dip of the horizon and varies from 3 arcminutes for a viewer standing on the sea shore to
832:
The dates of the equinoxes change progressively during the leap-year cycle, because the
Gregorian calendar year is not commensurate with the period of the Earth's revolution about the Sun. It is only after a complete Gregorian leap-year cycle of 400 years that the seasons commence at
1290:; dates before 15 October 1582 are given in the Julian calendar while more recent dates are given in the Gregorian calendar. Dates before 1 March 8 AD are given in the Julian calendar as observed in Rome; there is an uncertainty of a few days when these early dates are converted to the
872:: names referring to the months of the year in which they occur, with no ambiguity as to which hemisphere is the context. They are still not universal, however, as not all cultures use a solar-based calendar where the equinoxes occur every year in the same month (as they do not in the
707:
1003:
160 arcminutes for a mountaineer on
Everest. The effect of a larger dip on taller objects (reaching over 2½° of arc on Everest) accounts for the phenomenon of snow on a mountain peak turning gold in the sunlight long before the lower slopes are illuminated.
833:
approximately the same time. In the 21st century the earliest March equinox will be 19 March 2096, while the latest was 21 March 2003. The earliest
September equinox will be 21 September 2096 while the latest was 23 September 2003 (
1169:
than light from the Sun. This phenomenon occurs once every 14.7 years on average, and can last a few weeks before and after the exact equinox. Saturn's most recent equinox was on 11 August 2009, and its next will take place on 6 May 2025.
1109:
or degrade the circuit. The duration of those effects varies but can range from a few minutes to an hour. (For a given frequency band, a larger antenna has a narrower beam-width and hence experiences shorter duration "Sun outage" windows.)
1507:
of 16 minutes of arc for the disk. Therefore, at the tabulated time the geometric center of the Sun is actually 50 minutes of arc below a regular and unobstructed horizon for an observer on the surface of the Earth in a level
1579:
645:
and eventually noted the midpoint between the two. Later it was realized that this happens on a day when the duration of the day and the night are practically equal and the word "equinox" comes from Latin
548:, and the rapidly changing duration of the length of day that occurs at most latitudes around the equinoxes. Long before conceiving this equality, equatorial cultures noted the day when the Sun rises due
1682:
Freeth, T., Bitsakis, Y., Moussas, X., Seiradakis, J. H., Tselikas, A., Mangou, H., ... & Allen, M. (2006). Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the
Antikythera Mechanism.
793:
in 45 BC, he set 25 March as the date of the spring equinox; this was already the starting day of the year in the
Persian and Indian calendars. Because the Julian year is longer than the
1985:
540:(night). On the day of an equinox, daytime and nighttime are of approximately equal duration all over the planet. Contrary to popular belief, they are not exactly equal because of the
1354:
can only be traced to an extremely small (less than six) number of predominantly U.S. American people in such online media for the next 20 years until its broader adoption as a
1155:
edge-on facing the Sun. As a result, they are visible only as a thin line when seen from Earth. When seen from above – a view seen during an equinox for the first time from the
766:
and sunset on the South Pole is 22 March 13:08 UTC. Also in 2021, sunrise on the South Pole is 20 September 16:08 UTC, and sunset on the North Pole is 24 September 22:30 UTC.
459:
the equator, rather than north or south of the equator. On the day of the equinox, the Sun appears to rise "due east" and set "due west". This occurs twice each year, around
490:
is directly perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line, tilting neither toward nor away from the Sun. In modern times, since the Moon (and to a lesser extent the planets) causes
932:
Contour plot of the hours of daylight as a function of latitude and day of the year, showing approximately 12 hours of daylight at all latitudes during the equinoxes
677:(September) marks the beginning of autumn. Ancient Greek calendars too had the beginning of the year either at the autumnal or vernal equinox and some at solstices. The
2578:
2267:
988:
few days towards the winter side of each equinox. One result of this is that, at latitudes below ±2.0 degrees, all the days of the year are longer than the nights.
2501:
1569:
880:, for example). Although the terms have become very common in the 21st century, they were sometimes used at least as long ago as the mid-20th century.
727:
1350:
group net.astro, which refers to "discussion last year exploring the reasons why equilux and equinox are not coincident". Use of this particular pseudo-Latin
949:
From the Earth, the Sun appears as a disc rather than a point of light, so when the centre of the Sun is below the horizon, its upper edge may be visible.
743:
862:
are even more ambiguous. It has become increasingly common for people to refer to the
September equinox in the southern hemisphere as the Vernal equinox.
777:
at a point on the equatorial line. The subsolar point crosses the equator moving northward at the March equinox and southward at the
September equinox.
1287:
556:, and indeed this happens on the day closest to the astronomically defined event. As a consequence, according to a properly constructed and aligned
797:
by about 11.3 minutes on average (or 1 day in 128 years), the calendar "drifted" with respect to the two equinoxes – so that in
2494:
1342:
Prior to the 1980s there was no generally accepted term for the phenomenon, and the word "equilux" was more commonly used as a synonym for
3270:
687:
3032:
2319:
2372:
3483:
2487:
821:
713:
The relation between the Earth, Sun, and stars at the March equinox. From Earth's perspective, the Sun appears to move along the
928:
1151:
Equinoxes are defined on any planet with a tilted rotational axis. A dramatic example is Saturn, where the equinox places its
510:. The instants of the equinoxes are currently defined to be when the apparent geocentric longitude of the Sun is 0° and 180°.
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2277:
2250:
1920:
1893:
1867:
1840:
1813:
1786:
1641:
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Mars's most recent equinoxes were on 12 January 2024 (northern autumn), and on 26 December 2022 (northern spring).
2293:
3001:
2174:
801:
the spring equinox occurred on about 21 March, and by the 1580s AD it had drifted backwards to 11 March.
1759:
598:, indicating that at that moment the solar declination is crossing the celestial equator in a northward direction, and
2188:
1632:
Yallop, B.D.; Hohenkerk, C.Y.; Bell, S.A. (2013). "Astronomical
Phenomena". In Urban, S.E.; Seidelmann, P. K. (eds.).
1602:
2752:
2223:
2035:
1733:
2240:
2114:
606:, indicating that at that moment the solar declination is crossing the celestial equator in a southward direction.
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1554:
1485:
627:
20:
2156:
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of the Sun is level with the horizon. With this definition, the day is longer than the night at the equinoxes:
3006:
1188:
964:
sunlight. As a result, an observer sees daylight before the top of the Sun's disk appears above the horizon.
2088:
758:(the "edge" between night and day) is perpendicular to the equator. As a result, the northern and southern
612:
is increasing at the fastest at the vernal equinox and decreasing at the fastest at the autumnal equinox.
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2608:
905:
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2530:
1429:
503:
1984:
Forsythe, William C.; Rykiel, Edward J.; Stahl, Randal S.; Wu, Hsin-i; Schoolfield, Robert M. (1995).
1116:
also experience difficulties maintaining power during the equinox because they have to travel through
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3305:
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817:
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1520:
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24:
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1231:
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The equinoxes are sometimes regarded as the start of spring and autumn. A number of traditional
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969:
912:
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507:
1968:
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1830:
1803:
3195:
2403:
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1910:
1883:
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1039:
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1358:(c. 2006), and then its subsequent use by more mainstream organisations (c. 2012).
1129:
846:
Vernal equinox and autumnal equinox: these classical names are direct derivatives of Latin (
3022:
2936:
2762:
2623:
2000:
1267:
1199:
1056:
893:
1657:
8:
3232:
3027:
2882:
2747:
2699:
1607:
1574:
1157:
1143:
1113:
1105:
1101:
576:
564:
2568:
2004:
1952:
3468:
3440:
3207:
2981:
2905:
2835:
1194:
1063:
999:), so the dates when day and night are equal also depend upon the observer's location.
809:
755:
1404:
3360:
3279:
3055:
2920:
2737:
2273:
2246:
2219:
2073:
2031:
2012:
1916:
1889:
1863:
1836:
1809:
1782:
1755:
1729:
1637:
1262:
1210:
1117:
1077:
1035:
980:. (The apparent radius varies slightly depending on time of year, slightly larger at
897:
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883:
869:
805:
718:
666:
603:
572:
471:
464:
70:
65:
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3404:
3200:
2946:
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2877:
2840:
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2373:"Oppositions, conjunctions, seasons, and ring plane crossings of the giant planets"
2368:
2008:
1304:
1081:
1045:
873:
670:
541:
491:
2464:
1862:. National Imagery and Mapping Agency. Paradise Cay Publications. pp. 229ff.
1477:
16:
Semi-annual astronomical event where the Sun is directly above the Earth's equator
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3290:
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2714:
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2140:
1936:
1152:
1138:
1023:
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which is spring equinox in northern hemisphere. This day marks the new year in
953:, which begins daytime, occurs when the top of the Sun's disk appears above the
19:
This article is about an astronomical event. For the celestial coordinates, see
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749:
Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the south. Far left: June solstice.
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34:
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3312:
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3050:
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1986:"A model comparison for day length as a function of latitude and day of year"
1636:(3rd ed.). Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. pp. 506–507.
909:
865:
794:
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595:
568:
460:
60:
55:
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is assumed to be 34 arcminutes, and the assumed semidiameter (apparent
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1504:
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The date on which the day and night are exactly the same is known as an
641:, people discovered that it occurs between two extreme locations at the
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3237:
3190:
3174:
3060:
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2648:
2618:
2556:
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1067:
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satellites, there are a few days around the equinox when the Sun goes
1051:
People in countries including Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan celebrate
3342:
3331:
3134:
2971:
2855:
2830:
2810:
2727:
2679:
2673:
2658:
1355:
1011:
992:
584:
470:
More precisely, an equinox is traditionally defined as the time when
3318:
3316:
3248:
1778:
Goddess Alive!: Inviting Celtic & Norse
Goddesses Into Your Life
665:
in most cultures and is considered the start of the New Year in the
3169:
3149:
2991:
2897:
2797:
2588:
2583:
1829:
Grewal, Mohinder S.; Weill, Lawrence R.; Andrews, Angus P. (2007).
1324:"lofts" the Sun's apparent disk above its true position in the sky.
1246:
1241:
1221:
1183:
1162:
1071:
996:
991:
The times of sunset and sunrise vary with the observer's location (
714:
621:
587:
and other factors cause the dates of both events to vary slightly.
580:
43:
2452:"Table of times of spring Equinox for a thousand years: 1452–2547"
1384:"Earth's Seasons - Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion"
1254:– a satellite phenomenon that occurs around the time of an equinox
3369:
3325:
3164:
3154:
3084:
2867:
2732:
1257:
1096:
One effect of equinoctial periods is the temporary disruption of
1084:, have often chosen the equinox as their reference point for the
954:
950:
642:
638:
609:
579:, the reverse is true. During the year, equinoxes alternate with
557:
479:
452:
3447:
2320:"How satellites are affected by the spring and autumn equinoxes"
1832:
Global Positioning Systems, Inertial Navigation, and Integration
1288:
Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Julian and Gregorian calendars
957:. At that instant, the disk's centre is still below the horizon.
812:. The Pope wanted to continue to conform with the edicts of the
3353:
3299:
3159:
3109:
3104:
2349:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
1347:
1308:
1286:
This article follows the customary Knowledge style detailed at
1226:
1134:
1062:
Religious architecture is often determined by the equinox; the
1052:
973:
901:
774:
734:
456:
502:, the equinox is officially defined by the Sun's more regular
3139:
2951:
2850:
2805:
2074:"NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Solar Calculation Details"
1973:. Krishna Prakashan Media. pp. 233ff. GGKEY:RDRHQ35FBX7.
694:
514:
475:
3294:
3144:
3129:
3119:
2573:
2510:
1524:
1379:
553:
549:
3423:
2579:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
1859:
The American practical navigator: An epitome of navigation
1570:"Autumn arrives: The fall equinox explained in six images"
1521:"ESRL Global Monitoring Division - Global Radiation Group"
769:
In other words, the equinoxes are the only times when the
3124:
2142:
Textbook of Illuminating Engineering (Intermediate Grade)
2030:. Mill Valley, CA: University Science Books. p. 32.
1724:
Blackburn, Bonnie J.; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (1999).
1723:
698:
483:
448:
2422:"Day and Night World Map (night and day map on equinox)"
1712:
Sunrise and sunset times in 90°00'S, 0°00'E (South Pole)
1700:
Sunrise and sunset times in 90°00'N, 0°00'E (North Pole)
1333:
Here, "day" refers to when the Sun is above the horizon.
1066:
during which the sun rises in a perfect alignment over
1912:
On Words: Insights into how our words work – and don't
923:
3388:
1983:
1121:
in Earth's shadow for the longest duration all year.
737:
as seen from the north. Far right: December solstice.
2430:"Calculation of Length of Day (Formulas and Graphs)"
2458:
1631:
2509:
2028:Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac
1828:
1634:Explanatory supplement to the astronomical almanac
1191:– fairies believed to appear on the spring equinox
1141:reflect little sunlight, as seen in this image by
571:is called the vernal or spring equinox while the
3460:
2218:. University of Alaska Press. pp. 117–124.
1822:
1161:space probe in 2009 – they receive very little
575:is called the autumnal or fall equinox. In the
486:'s disk. Equivalently, this is the moment when
661:(March) conventionally marks the beginning of
3264:
2495:
1754:. Oxford University Press. pp. 250–251.
1658:"March Equinox – Equal Day and Night, Nearly"
1627:
1625:
1218:– days of worship in Japan that began in 1878
1124:
1048:are celebrated on the date of the equinoxes.
1902:
3373:
3351:
3329:
3303:
982:perihelion in January than aphelion in July
773:is on the equator, meaning that the Sun is
534:
526:
518:
482:passes through the geometric center of the
3271:
3257:
2502:
2488:
2367:
2317:
2189:"On the equinox, are day and night equal?"
1888:. Allied Publishers. 2016. pp. 31ff.
1805:Orbital Mechanics for Engineering Students
1795:
1752:Mapping Time: The Calendar and its History
1622:
1472:
1470:
754:The equinoxes are the only times when the
88:
85:
82:
79:
69:
64:
59:
54:
2089:"Correcting Sextant Measurements for Dip"
2025:
1908:
1835:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 459ff.
1808:. Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 188ff.
1603:"The Equinox Is Not What You Think It Is"
1202:– occurs around 5 July (see formula)
1026:have been observed during the equinoxes.
3033:International Commission on Stratigraphy
2238:
1855:
1768:
1749:
1728:. Oxford University Press. p. 135.
1430:Équinoxe de printemps entre 1583 et 2999
1378:Astronomical Applications Department of
1128:
1091:
940:Earth at the September 2022 equinox
935:
927:
2265:
2086:
1567:
1467:
1405:"Solstices and Equinoxes: 2001 to 2100"
717:(red), which is tilted compared to the
3461:
2115:"Equinox, Equilux, and Twilight Times"
1915:. Marion Street Press. pp. 89ff.
1801:
1781:. Llewellyn Worldwide. pp. 69ff.
681:predicts the equinoxes and solstices.
3278:
3252:
2483:
2213:
2138:
2112:
1600:
1568:Grieser, Justin (22 September 2014).
615:
2266:Johnson, Walter (18 November 2011).
1774:
560:, the daytime duration is 12 hours.
2459:Gray, Meghan; Merrifield, Michael.
2318:Abrahamian, David (17 April 2018).
2026:Seidelman, P. Kenneth, ed. (1992).
1492:from the original on 21 August 2019
1371:
1029:
924:Length of equinoctial day and night
13:
2139:Walsh, John William Tudor (1947).
908:has shifted these points into the
904:the Sun is entering. However, the
14:
3505:
2753:Discrete time and continuous time
2414:
2087:Biegert, Mark (21 October 2015).
1601:Plait, Phil (22 September 2023).
1452:Équinoxe d’automne de 1583 à 2999
3446:
3434:
3422:
3410:
3398:
2678:
2672:
1957:. Oxford University Press. 1895.
1740:Reprinted with corrections 2003.
1726:The Oxford companion to the year
1582:from the original on 8 June 2021
1040:September equinox § Culture
822:Gregorian calendar leap solstice
742:
726:
706:
686:
657:In the northern hemisphere, the
2392:
2361:
2339:
2311:
2286:
2259:
2239:DiBiasio, Jame (15 July 2013).
2232:
2207:
2181:
2167:
2149:
2132:
2106:
2080:
2066:
2044:
2019:
1977:
1961:
1945:
1929:
1876:
1849:
1743:
1717:
1705:
1693:
1676:
1650:
1594:
1561:
1555:United States Naval Observatory
1543:
1486:United States Naval Observatory
1482:Astronomical Information Center
1336:
1327:
1314:
1297:
1080:, since the recommendations of
827:
628:Equinox (celestial coordinates)
21:Equinox (celestial coordinates)
3484:Technical factors of astrology
2826:History of timekeeping devices
2347:"PIA11667: The Rite of Spring"
2272:. Cambridge University Press.
2113:Owens, Steve (20 March 2010).
1909:La Rocque, Paula (2007).
1513:
1456:
1445:
1434:
1423:
1397:
1280:
1206:Geocentric view of the seasons
968:In sunrise/sunset tables, the
816:in 325 AD concerning the
1:
2269:Byways in British Archaeology
2216:The Aurora Watcher's Handbook
2177:. U.K. Meteorological Office.
1531:. U.S. Department of Commerce
1441:Solstice d’été de 1583 à 2999
1364:
1189:Anjana (Cantabrian mythology)
637:Systematically observing the
590:Hemisphere-neutral names are
513:The word is derived from the
447:is a moment in time when the
3474:Dynamics of the Solar System
2294:"Satellite Sun Interference"
2013:10.1016/0304-3800(94)00034-F
1856:Bowditch, Nathaniel (2002).
1274:
1165:; indeed, they receive more
1036:March equinox § Culture
669:, Hindu, and the Persian or
7:
2773:Gravitational time dilation
2609:Barycentric Coordinate Time
2157:"Spring Equilux Approaches"
1176:
906:precession of the equinoxes
455:, which is to say, appears
10:
3510:
2629:Geocentric Coordinate Time
2614:Barycentric Dynamical Time
2552:Coordinated Universal Time
2175:"The Equinox and Solstice"
1802:Curtis, Howard D. (2013).
1125:Equinoxes on other planets
1033:
1017:
632:
625:
619:
18:
3286:
3183:
3074:
3041:
3015:
2896:
2796:
2783:Time-translation symmetry
2713:
2687:
2670:
2594:International Atomic Time
2544:
2521:
1320:This is possible because
1292:proleptic Julian calendar
1098:communications satellites
900:: names referring to the
762:are equally illuminated.
412:
383:
354:
325:
296:
267:
238:
209:
180:
151:
122:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
93:
76:
51:
2473:University of Nottingham
2443:The Nuttall Encyclopædia
1750:Richards, E. G. (1998).
1311:, which means "new day".
976:) of the Sun is 16
860:autumn (or fall) equinox
840:
808:to establish the modern
650:, meaning "equal", and
25:Equinox (disambiguation)
3317:
3043:Astronomical chronology
3016:Archaeology and geology
2723:Absolute space and time
2639:IERS Reference Meridian
2634:International Date Line
2545:International standards
1775:Skye, Michelle (2007).
1237:Perihelion and aphelion
1232:Orientation of churches
1086:orientation of churches
960:The Earth's atmosphere
780:
733:Diagram of the Earth's
3374:
3352:
3330:
3304:
2465:"Solstice and Equinox"
2093:Math Encounters (blog)
1322:atmospheric refraction
1148:
970:atmospheric refraction
941:
933:
546:atmospheric refraction
535:
527:
519:
23:. For other uses, see
3489:September observances
3002:Weekday determination
2888:Sundial markup schema
2404:The Planetary Society
2378:The Planetary Society
2119:Dark Sky Diary (blog)
1132:
1092:Effects on satellites
1074:is one such example.
939:
931:
679:Antikythera mechanism
488:Earth's rotation axis
3023:Chronological dating
2763:Theory of relativity
2624:Daylight saving time
2438:"Equinoctial Points"
2214:Davis, Neil (1992).
2052:"Sunrise and Sunset"
1993:Ecological Modelling
1551:Astronomical Almanac
1268:Zoroastrian calendar
1057:Solar Hijri calendar
894:First point of Aries
451:crosses the Earth's
3233:Time value of money
3028:Geologic time scale
2883:History of sundials
2748:Cosmological decade
2700:Greenwich Mean Time
2531:Orders of magnitude
2242:The Story of Angkor
2005:1995EcMod..80...87F
1970:Spherical Astronomy
1885:Exploring the Earth
1608:Scientific American
1575:The Washington Post
1114:geostationary orbit
896:and first point of
804:This drift induced
654:, meaning "night".
577:Southern Hemisphere
565:Northern Hemisphere
506:rather than by its
48:
3208:Mental chronometry
2836:Marine chronometer
2688:Obsolete standards
2245:. Silkworm Books.
1411:. 20 February 2018
1195:Angkor Wat Equinox
1149:
1137:is at equinox its
1064:Angkor Wat Equinox
942:
934:
902:astrological signs
810:Gregorian calendar
616:Equinoxes on Earth
504:ecliptic longitude
32:
3494:Time in astronomy
3479:March observances
3386:
3385:
3280:Wheel of the Year
3246:
3245:
3056:Nuclear timescale
2738:Continuous signal
2369:Lakdawalla, Emily
2279:978-0-521-22877-0
2252:978-1-63102-259-3
2054:. 21 October 2002
1954:Notes and Queries
1938:Popular Astronomy
1922:978-1-933338-20-0
1895:978-81-8424-408-3
1869:978-0-939837-54-0
1842:978-0-470-09971-1
1815:978-0-08-097748-5
1788:978-0-7387-1080-8
1714:, timeanddate.com
1702:, timeanddate.com
1643:978-1-891389-85-6
1557:. 2008. Glossary.
1529:www.esrl.noaa.gov
1263:Wheel of the Year
1211:Iranian calendars
1078:Catholic churches
1046:harvest festivals
1024:conjugate auroras
888:southward equinox
884:Northward equinox
870:September equinox
814:Council of Nicaea
806:Pope Gregory XIII
719:celestial equator
671:Iranian calendars
667:Assyrian calendar
604:September equinox
600:southward equinox
592:northward equinox
573:September equinox
441:
440:
37:date and time of
3501:
3451:
3450:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3427:
3426:
3415:
3414:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3379:
3361:Autumnal equinox
3357:
3335:
3322:
3309:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3249:
2947:Dominical letter
2878:Equation of time
2841:Marine sandglass
2682:
2676:
2654:Terrestrial Time
2511:Time measurement
2504:
2497:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2455:
2447:
2433:
2425:
2408:
2407:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2365:
2359:
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2337:
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2309:
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2290:
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2263:
2257:
2256:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2163:. 14 March 1986.
2153:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2023:
2017:
2016:
1990:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1926:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1747:
1741:
1739:
1721:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1691:
1690:(7119), 587-591.
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1598:
1592:
1591:
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1587:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1497:
1488:. 14 June 2019.
1474:
1465:
1463:Solstice d’hiver
1460:
1454:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1375:
1359:
1340:
1334:
1331:
1325:
1318:
1312:
1305:Iranian calendar
1303:The year in the
1301:
1295:
1284:
1082:Charles Borromeo
1030:Cultural aspects
874:Islamic calendar
789:established the
775:exactly overhead
756:solar terminator
746:
730:
710:
693:Illumination of
690:
675:autumnal equinox
538:
530:
522:
49:
31:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3382:
3339:Summer solstice
3282:
3277:
3247:
3242:
3179:
3070:
3037:
3011:
2892:
2792:
2743:Coordinate time
2715:Time in physics
2709:
2683:
2677:
2668:
2540:
2517:
2508:
2450:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2417:
2412:
2411:
2400:"Mars Calendar"
2398:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2371:(7 July 2016).
2366:
2362:
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2350:
2345:
2344:
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2237:
2233:
2226:
2212:
2208:
2198:
2196:
2195:. 19 March 2024
2187:
2186:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
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2150:
2137:
2133:
2123:
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2081:
2072:
2071:
2067:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2024:
2020:
1988:
1982:
1978:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1923:
1907:
1903:
1896:
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1514:
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1468:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1428:
1424:
1414:
1412:
1409:AstroPixels.com
1403:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1302:
1298:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1179:
1127:
1106:directly behind
1094:
1042:
1034:Main articles:
1032:
1020:
955:eastern horizon
926:
919:, respectively.
878:Hebrew calendar
843:
830:
791:Julian calendar
783:
750:
747:
738:
731:
722:
711:
702:
691:
635:
630:
624:
618:
500:perfect ellipse
47:
38:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3431:
3419:
3407:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3367:
3358:
3345:
3336:
3323:
3313:Vernal equinox
3310:
3297:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3275:
3268:
3261:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:Time metrology
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3184:Related topics
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
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3167:
3162:
3157:
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3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
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3117:
3112:
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3058:
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3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3019:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
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2949:
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2913:
2908:
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2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2873:Dialing scales
2870:
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2860:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
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2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2705:Prime meridian
2702:
2697:
2695:Ephemeris time
2691:
2689:
2685:
2684:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2664:180th meridian
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
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2528:
2522:
2519:
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2507:
2506:
2499:
2492:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2456:
2448:
2434:
2426:
2416:
2415:External links
2413:
2410:
2409:
2391:
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2338:
2310:
2285:
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2258:
2251:
2231:
2224:
2206:
2180:
2166:
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2105:
2079:
2065:
2043:
2036:
2018:
1976:
1960:
1944:
1928:
1921:
1901:
1894:
1875:
1868:
1848:
1841:
1821:
1814:
1794:
1787:
1767:
1761:978-0192862051
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1219:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1126:
1123:
1118:Earth's shadow
1112:Satellites in
1093:
1090:
1031:
1028:
1019:
1016:
966:
965:
958:
925:
922:
921:
920:
910:constellations
891:
881:
863:
856:spring equinox
850:= spring, and
842:
839:
835:Universal Time
829:
826:
818:date of Easter
782:
779:
771:subsolar point
752:
751:
748:
741:
739:
732:
725:
723:
712:
705:
703:
701:at the equinox
692:
685:
659:vernal equinox
634:
631:
620:Main article:
617:
614:
457:directly above
439:
438:
435:
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3466:
3464:
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3432:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3392:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3333:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3314:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3269:
3267:
3262:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3182:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3077:units of time
3073:
3067:
3066:Sidereal time
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Galactic year
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3007:Weekday names
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Tropical year
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2962:Intercalation
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:(lunar Hijri)
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Time dilation
2766:
2764:
2761:
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2599:12-hour clock
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2469:Sixty Symbols
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2037:0-935702-68-7
2033:
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2022:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1956:
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1948:
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1932:
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1735:0-19-214231-3
1731:
1727:
1720:
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1663:
1662:Time and Date
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1102:geostationary
1099:
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1069:
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1022:Mirror-image
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867:
866:March equinox
864:
861:
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845:
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836:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
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795:tropical year
792:
788:
787:Julius Caesar
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772:
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761:
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740:
736:
729:
724:
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709:
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629:
623:
613:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:March equinox
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
569:March equinox
566:
561:
559:
555:
552:and sets due
551:
547:
543:
539:
537:
531:
529:
523:
521:
516:
511:
509:
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497:
496:vary slightly
493:
492:Earth's orbit
489:
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125:
121:
92:
75:
72:
67:
62:
57:
50:
45:
41:
36:
30:
26:
22:
3213:Decimal time
2956:
2942:Astronomical
2821:Complication
2816:Atomic clock
2468:
2461:Haran, Brady
2441:
2394:
2382:. Retrieved
2376:
2363:
2351:. Retrieved
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2323:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2297:
2288:
2268:
2261:
2241:
2234:
2215:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:earthsky.org
2192:
2183:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2145:. I. Pitman.
2141:
2134:
2122:. Retrieved
2118:
2108:
2098:22 September
2096:. Retrieved
2092:
2082:
2068:
2058:22 September
2056:. Retrieved
2046:
2027:
2021:
1999:(1): 87–95.
1996:
1992:
1979:
1969:
1963:
1953:
1947:
1937:
1931:
1911:
1904:
1884:
1878:
1858:
1851:
1831:
1824:
1804:
1797:
1777:
1770:
1751:
1745:
1725:
1719:
1707:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1661:
1652:
1633:
1612:. Retrieved
1606:
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1573:
1563:
1550:
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1515:
1505:semidiameter
1501:
1494:. Retrieved
1481:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1425:
1413:. Retrieved
1408:
1399:
1387:. Retrieved
1373:
1338:
1329:
1316:
1299:
1282:
1172:
1156:
1150:
1142:
1111:
1095:
1076:
1061:
1050:
1043:
1021:
1007:
1005:
1001:
990:
986:
967:
943:
859:
855:
851:
847:
831:
828:Modern dates
803:
784:
768:
764:
753:
674:
673:, while the
658:
656:
651:
647:
636:
608:
599:
591:
589:
562:
544:of the Sun,
542:angular size
533:
532:(equal) and
525:
520:aequinoctium
517:
512:
469:
465:23 September
444:
442:
39:
29:
3441:Outer space
3376:Calan Gaeaf
3223:System time
3218:Metric time
2937:Solar Hijri
2863:Water clock
2846:Radio clock
2778:Time domain
2758:Proper time
2644:Leap second
2526:Chronometry
2325:Viasat, Inc
2124:31 December
1478:"Equinoxes"
1415:21 December
1352:protologism
1167:planetshine
1153:ring system
799:300 AD
760:hemispheres
508:declination
3463:Categories
3354:Calan Awst
3348:Lughnasadh
3238:Timekeeper
3191:Chronology
3175:Millennium
3061:Precession
2967:Julian day
2788:T-symmetry
2649:Solar time
2619:Civil time
2384:31 January
1365:References
1307:begins on
1252:Sun outage
1100:. For all
1068:Angkor Wat
978:arcminutes
626:See also:
585:Leap years
86:September
3469:Equinoxes
3405:Astronomy
3343:Midsummer
3332:Calan Mai
3306:Gŵyl Fair
3291:Midwinter
3135:Fortnight
2982:Lunisolar
2972:Leap year
2906:Gregorian
2856:stopwatch
2831:Hourglass
2811:Astrarium
2728:Spacetime
2659:Time zone
2536:Metrology
2515:standards
2161:net.astro
1356:neologism
1275:Footnotes
1012:neologism
993:longitude
581:solstices
472:the plane
89:December
44:solstices
40:equinoxes
3453:Holidays
3196:Duration
3170:Saeculum
3150:Olympiad
2992:Solstice
2921:Holocene
2898:Calendar
2798:Horology
2589:ISO 8601
2584:ISO 31-1
2353:21 March
2331:20 March
2303:20 March
2298:Intelsat
1580:Archived
1490:Archived
1389:1 August
1247:Songkran
1242:Solstice
1222:Lady Day
1216:KĹŤreisai
1200:Aphelion
1184:Analemma
1177:See also
1163:sunshine
1147:in 2009.
1072:Cambodia
997:latitude
962:refracts
852:autumnus
721:(white).
715:ecliptic
622:Sun path
602:for the
594:for the
461:20 March
443:A solar
71:solstice
61:solstice
46:on Earth
3417:Physics
3391:Portals
3370:Samhain
3326:Beltane
3165:Century
3155:Lustrum
3085:Instant
2957:Equinox
2926:Islamic
2868:Sundial
2733:Chronon
2463:(ed.).
2199:23 June
2001:Bibcode
1941:. 1945.
1614:29 June
1586:29 June
1344:isophot
1258:Tekufah
1158:Cassini
1144:Cassini
1018:Auroras
1008:equilux
951:Sunrise
735:seasons
697:by the
643:horizon
639:sunrise
633:General
610:Daytime
563:In the
558:sundial
524:, from
498:from a
480:equator
453:equator
445:equinox
66:equinox
56:equinox
3319:Ostara
3300:Imbolc
3160:Decade
3115:Moment
3110:Minute
3105:Second
3075:Other
2932:Julian
2911:Hebrew
2557:offset
2276:
2249:
2222:
2034:
1919:
1892:
1866:
1839:
1812:
1785:
1758:
1732:
1684:Nature
1668:22 May
1664:. 2017
1640:
1535:9 July
1508:region
1496:9 July
1348:Usenet
1309:Nowruz
1227:Nowruz
1135:Saturn
1053:Nowruz
1038:, and
1010:; the
974:radius
913:Pisces
663:spring
648:aequus
567:, the
528:aequus
437:14:14
408:08:20
379:02:43
350:20:50
321:15:03
292:09:20
263:03:28
234:21:48
205:15:59
176:10:03
147:04:19
80:March
77:month
52:event
3429:Stars
3365:Mabon
3201:music
3140:Month
3100:Jiffy
3095:Shake
3090:Flick
2987:Solar
2977:Lunar
2952:Epact
2916:Hindu
2851:Watch
2806:Clock
1989:(PDF)
1139:rings
1133:When
917:Virgo
898:Libra
841:Names
785:When
695:Earth
515:Latin
476:Earth
431:17:37
425:01:48
419:08:01
413:2029
402:11:45
396:20:02
390:02:17
384:2028
373:06:02
367:14:11
361:20:25
355:2027
344:00:06
338:08:25
332:14:46
326:2026
315:18:20
309:02:42
303:09:02
297:2025
286:12:44
280:20:51
274:03:07
268:2024
257:06:50
251:14:58
245:21:25
239:2023
228:01:04
222:09:14
216:15:33
210:2022
199:19:21
193:03:32
187:09:37
181:2021
170:13:31
164:21:43
158:03:50
152:2020
141:07:50
135:15:54
129:21:58
123:2019
118:time
112:time
106:time
100:time
94:year
83:June
3295:Yule
3145:Year
3130:Week
3120:Hour
2574:DUT1
2513:and
2386:2017
2355:2014
2333:2019
2305:2019
2274:ISBN
2247:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2201:2024
2126:2010
2100:2017
2060:2017
2032:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1864:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1810:ISBN
1783:ISBN
1756:ISBN
1730:ISBN
1670:2017
1638:ISBN
1616:2024
1588:2024
1537:2019
1525:NOAA
1498:2019
1417:2018
1391:2022
1380:USNO
995:and
915:and
886:and
876:and
868:and
858:and
781:Date
554:west
550:east
463:and
42:and
3125:Day
2009:doi
1688:444
1070:in
1059:.
848:ver
837:).
824:).
699:Sun
652:nox
536:nox
494:to
484:Sun
478:'s
474:of
449:Sun
115:day
109:day
103:day
97:day
3465::
2569:ΔT
2564:UT
2471:.
2467:.
2440:.
2402:.
2375:.
2322:.
2296:.
2191:.
2159:.
2117:.
2091:.
2007:.
1997:80
1995:.
1991:.
1686:,
1660:.
1624:^
1605:.
1578:.
1572:.
1553:.
1527:.
1523:.
1500:.
1484:.
1480:.
1469:^
1407:.
1382:.
1088:.
583:.
467:.
434:21
428:22
422:21
416:20
405:21
399:22
393:20
387:20
376:22
370:23
364:21
358:20
347:21
341:23
335:21
329:20
318:21
312:22
306:21
300:20
289:21
283:22
277:20
271:20
260:22
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248:21
242:20
231:21
225:23
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213:20
202:21
196:22
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173:21
167:22
161:20
155:20
144:22
138:23
132:21
126:20
35:UT
3393::
3372:/
3363:/
3350:/
3341:/
3328:/
3315:/
3302:/
3293:/
3272:e
3265:t
3258:v
2503:e
2496:t
2489:v
2475:.
2454:.
2446:.
2432:.
2424:.
2406:.
2388:.
2357:.
2335:.
2307:.
2282:.
2255:.
2228:.
2203:.
2128:.
2102:.
2076:.
2062:.
2040:.
2015:.
2011::
2003::
1925:.
1898:.
1872:.
1845:.
1818:.
1791:.
1764:.
1738:.
1672:.
1646:.
1618:.
1590:.
1539:.
1419:.
1393:.
1294:.
27:.
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