350:
307:
1957:) of the Church as granted in 1923, inoperative. The church ceased to exist until the breakup of the Soviet Union, when divisions within the Orthodox community in Estonia arose between those who claimed that the Moscow Patriarchate has no jurisdiction in Estonia and those who wished to return to the jurisdiction of Moscow. The dispute often took place along ethnic lines, as many Russians had immigrated to Estonia during the Soviet occupation. Lengthy negotiations between the two patriarchates failed to produce any agreement.
1792:
3168:
32:
2840:
1773:. In the 1850s a rumour spread that the Orthodox Church promised to provide everybody who converted to Orthodoxy a piece of land of their own somewhere in Russia. Some 65,000 Estonian peasants were converted to the Orthodox faith in the hope of obtaining land, and numerous Orthodox churches were built. Later, when the rumour turned out to be a hoax, a great part of the new Orthodox peasants returned to the Lutheran Church.
138:
273:. Under Estonian law it is the legal successor to the preâWorld War II Estonian Orthodox Church, which in 1940 had over 210,000 faithful, three bishops, 156 parishes, 131 priests, 19 deacons, two monasteries, and a theological seminary; the majority of the faithful were ethnic Estonians. Its official name is the
2008:
An agreement was reached in which local congregations could choose which jurisdiction to follow. The
Orthodox community in Estonia, which accounts for 16.15% of the total population, remains divided, with the majority of faithful (mostly ethnic Russians) remaining under the Russian Orthodox Church.
2004:
of
Joensuu. The Ecumenical Patriarchate decided that Archbishop Johannes, Bishop Ambrosius and pastor Heikki Huttunen from Espoo should be available to give help in the reconstruction of the newly restored church. Archbishop Johannes would temporarily act as a deputy metropolitan (1996â1999) of the
1940:
of the church, Metropolitan
Aleksander, went into exile along with 21 clergymen and about 8,000 Orthodox believers. The Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile with its synod in Sweden continued its activity according to the canonical statutes, until the restoration of Estonian independence in 1991.
1932:
In 1940, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union, whose government undertook a general programme of the dissolution of all ecclesiastical independence within its territory. From 1942 to 1944, however, autonomy under
Constantinople was temporarily revived. In 1945, a representative of the Moscow
2009:
From a U.S. Department of State report released in
November 2003, about 20,000 believers (mostly ethnic Estonians) in 60 parishes are part of the church under Constantinople, with 150,000 faithful in 31 parishes, along with the monastic community of PĂŒhtitsa, under the Russian Orthodox Church.
1911:
in the early 16th century when the country was controlled by the
Teutonic Order) were Orthodox Christians under the Patriarchate of Constantinople. There were 158 parishes in Estonia and 183 clerics in the Estonian church. There was also a Chair of Orthodoxy in the Faculty of Theology at the
1933:
Patriarchate dismissed the members of the OCE synod who had remained in
Estonia and established a new organisation, the Diocesan Council. Orthodox believers in occupied Estonia were thus subordinated to being a diocese within the Russian Orthodox Church.
1322:
2938:
797:
2948:
807:
1833:
1989:
of the Moscow
Patriarchate, which regarded the Estonian church as being part of its territory. The Patriarch of Moscow temporarily removed the name of the Ecumenical Patriarch from the diptychs.
1945:
under
Constantinople. Most of the other bishops and clergy who remained behind were deported to Siberia. In 1958, a new synod was established in exile, and the church was organized from Sweden.
3273:
2993:
2448:
852:
2998:
857:
2968:
827:
1971:
In 1993, the synod of the
Orthodox Church of Estonia in Exile was re-registered as the legal successor of the autonomous Orthodox Church of Estonia, and on February 20, 1996, the
1142:
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1865:
847:
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349:
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917:
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832:
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2095:
837:
3144:
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1155:
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842:
654:
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1041:
772:
49:
20:
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958:
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2953:
1327:
817:
812:
2881:
2782:
2122:
1425:
693:
649:
96:
1824:, in 1920 recognised the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church (EAOC) as being autonomous (Resolution No. 1780), postponing the discussion of its
1332:
68:
1749:
1415:
2886:
2539:
1849:
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75:
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1541:
948:
755:
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375:
2510:
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2114:
1975:
777:
589:
584:
1838:
82:
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2629:
1742:
933:
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548:
523:
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1137:
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64:
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2634:
2300:
1966:
1924:
in Petseri. The ancient monastery in Petseri was preserved from the mass church destructions that occurred in Soviet Russia.
1722:
1440:
1165:
1160:
2412:
1712:
1702:
1529:
1306:
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207:
115:
1880:
In September 1922 the Council of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church petitioned the Patriarch of Constantinople,
3106:
3036:
2293:
2211:"PC0454: AT LEAST 15-YEAR-OLD PERSONS BY RELIGION, SEX, AGE GROUP, ETHNIC NATIONALITY AND COUNTY, 31 DECEMBER 2011"
1220:
1080:
1017:
533:
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1046:
1022:
1002:
988:
2200:
Metropolitan Johannes:"Viron ortodoksisen Kirkon tie uuteen itsenÀisyyteen" Aamun Koitto Number 19/2007 p.18-20
89:
2270:
1885:
1586:
53:
1888:, and (2) clarify the Estonian church's canonical status. In 1923 the Patriarchate of Constantinople issued a
400:
3016:
1557:
1485:
1250:
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3149:
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1872:. In April 1922, Tikhon was imprisoned, and the Estonian clergy lost contact with the Moscow Patriarchate.
1727:
1300:
1122:
538:
518:
498:
301:
2696:
1677:
968:
543:
318:
Little is known about the history of the church in the area until the 17th and 18th centuries, when many
2210:
1978:
formally reactivated the tomos granted to the OCE in 1923, restoring its canonical subordination to the
2861:
2806:
2794:
2660:
2375:
2171:
2034:
1913:
1495:
1117:
725:
682:
670:
333:
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1181:
1075:
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909:
619:
380:
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2758:
2703:
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1607:
1345:
1027:
938:
750:
735:
644:
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614:
471:
390:
1953:
In 1978, at the urging of the Moscow Patriarchate, the Ecumenical Patriarch declared the charter (
3238:
2876:
2811:
2667:
2655:
2555:
2316:
1993:
1979:
1892:(ecclesiastical edict) which brought the EAOC under Constantinople's jurisdiction and granted it
1869:
1450:
1215:
997:
953:
943:
740:
609:
604:
341:
266:
42:
1936:
Just before the second Soviet occupation in 1944 and the dissolution of the Estonian synod, the
1856:
ideology which held as an ideological goal the elimination of religion and its replacement with
3128:
3121:
3116:
3111:
2770:
2751:
2138:
1992:
In this difficult situation, the Orthodox Church of Estonia received help and support from the
1908:
1717:
882:
639:
306:
1839:
2763:
1780:
was introduced, supported by the Russian hierarchy but not by the local Estonian clergy. The
1652:
1410:
677:
Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches:
441:
3041:
2739:
2360:
2324:
2060:
2013:
1986:
1972:
1853:
1662:
1627:
1132:
1012:
560:
466:
437:
281:
156:
3192:
of the Church of Greece, the Patriarchate of Alexandria, and the Church of Cyprus in 2020.
137:
8:
3172:
2029:
1983:
1884:, to (1) transfer control of the Estonian church from the Russian Orthodox Church to the
1817:
1672:
1642:
285:
2928:
2111:
2708:
2684:
2280:
2214:
1791:
1622:
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1007:
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1829:
1617:
1612:
1581:
1470:
1060:
419:
258:
166:
3188:
with the Ecumenical Patriarchate in 2018, and later severed full communion with the
3189:
3063:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2746:
2734:
2495:
2333:
2017:
1937:
1821:
1657:
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1235:
1112:
897:
634:
629:
461:
177:
1515:
1510:
3058:
2908:
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2274:
2118:
1861:
1788:(Pukhtitsa) convent in KuremÀe in East Estonia were also built around this time.
1682:
1637:
892:
767:
720:
323:
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3026:
2440:
2134:
1770:
1707:
1465:
1430:
1352:
1102:
1065:
887:
322:
fled there from Russia to avoid the liturgical reforms introduced by Patriarch
2082:"Eesti Apostlik-Ăigeusu Kirik, Ajalugu (=History) (In Estonian)" (www.eaok.ee)
3257:
3051:
2257:
1903:
Before 1941, one-fifth of the total Estonian population (who had been mostly
1857:
1777:
1647:
1571:
1536:
877:
319:
3031:
2647:
1400:
1255:
508:
456:
359:
2524:
2285:
1820:
was proclaimed in 1918, the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church, St.
2576:
1941:
Before he died in 1953, Metr. Aleksander established his community as an
1897:
1825:
1475:
1395:
1385:
1370:
1245:
1210:
574:
528:
503:
1785:
3225:
UOC-MP was moved to formally cut ties with the ROC as of May 27th 2022.
2722:
2395:
1997:
1576:
1455:
1435:
1289:
2585:
2422:
2262:
2142:
1942:
1505:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1405:
1313:
1225:
1107:
476:
413:
241:
2267:
31:
2404:
2369:
2000:
of the Archdiocese of Karelia and All Finland and Auxiliary Bishop
1921:
1904:
1365:
1295:
1283:
1272:
711:
2263:
Current official website of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
3167:
2839:
2258:
Former official website of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
1917:
1804:
1800:
1380:
1230:
688:
Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church:
580:
Autocephalous Churches who are officially part of the communion:
289:
188:
311:
2012:
In 1999, the church received a resident hierarch, Metropolitan
1982:. This action brought immediate protest from the Estonian-born
1920:, two convents in Narva and KuremÀe, a priory in Tallinn and a
1667:
1260:
3274:
Eastern Orthodox organizations established in the 20th century
1375:
1278:
2020:
under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's Metropolitan of France.
1240:
1875:
1769:
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Estonia was a part of the
2158:, ch.2, St Vladimir's Seminary Press, Crestwood NY, 1984.
1811:
2247:
by Ronald Roberson, a Roman Catholic priest and scholar.
310:
Saint Catherine's Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church in
269:
church in Estonia under the direct jurisdiction of the
3216:
Autocephaly or autonomy is not universally recognized.
1864:
the Soviet leadership in 1918, leading to a period of
661:
Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches
2156:
The Russian Church Under the Soviet Regime, 1917â1983
2168:"Glorification of St Tikhon, the Apostle to America"
2342:
Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church (Constantinople)
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
21:
Estonian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate
2100:The Encyclopedia of Eastern Orthodox Christianity
3255:
2139:"The Attitude of the Workers' Party to Religion"
2332:
2268:Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate
2123:Estonian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate
3241:whose autonomy is not universally recognized.
2540:
2301:
2112:Historical background of Orthodoxy in Estonia
1750:
2239:Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
2102:, p.226-8, Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2011.
1782:Cathedral of St. Alexander Nevsky in Tallinn
3269:Christian organizations established in 1917
2554:
2315:
2061:International Religious Freedom Report 2003
3233:
3231:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3198:
2547:
2533:
2511:Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe
2505:
2503:
2308:
2294:
1757:
1743:
136:
3289:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
2919:Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
3284:Dioceses established in the 20th century
3279:Eastern Orthodox Church bodies in Europe
3155:Canon law of the Eastern Orthodox Church
2203:
1790:
305:
3228:
3219:
3195:
3178:
2500:
2488:
1876:Transfer to the Ecumenical Patriarchate
1834:Metropolitan of Tallinn and All Estonia
3256:
3145:Unrecognized Eastern Orthodox churches
2245:The Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
2177:
2090:
2088:
2056:
2054:
1812:Autonomy under the Moscow Patriarchate
271:Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
2565:Autocephalous and autonomous churches
2528:
2449:Estonian Christian Pentecostal Church
2289:
2189:Estonica â Encyclopedia about Estonia
2065:
280:The current primate of the church is
16:Member of the Eastern Orthodox Church
2413:Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
2014:Stephanos (Charalambides) of Tallinn
1860:. In response, Patriarch Tikhon had
1776:In the late 19th century, a wave of
1713:Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
1323:Differences from the Catholic Church
1189:History of Eastern Orthodox theology
65:"Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church"
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
2939:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
2085:
2051:
1035:Other possible ecumenical councils:
798:Australia, New Zealand, and Oceania
13:
2892:Bessarabia (Romanian Patriarchate)
2105:
292:and all Estonia, elected in 1999.
251:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
131:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
14:
3305:
2867:Estonia (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2862:Finland (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2347:Estonian Orthodox Church (Moscow)
2251:
1967:1996 MoscowâConstantinople schism
1912:University of Tartu. There was a
905:American Orthodox Catholic Church
3166:
3107:Liturgy of Saint John Chrysostom
3037:State church of the Roman Empire
2949:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
2887:Americas (Romanian Patriarchate)
2838:
808:Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg
348:
30:
19:For the competing claimant, see
3022:First seven ecumenical councils
2909:Crete (Ecumenical Patriarchate)
2194:
1960:
1927:
1128:Christianization of Kievan Rus'
989:First Seven Ecumenical Councils
41:needs additional citations for
3294:1917 establishments in Estonia
3068:MoscowâConstantinople schisms
2161:
2148:
2128:
2076:
2002:Ambrosius (Risto JÀÀskelÀinen)
1886:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1:
3017:Apostles in the New Testament
2994:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
2914:Estonia (Moscow Patriarchate)
2897:Moldova (Moscow Patriarchate)
2882:Ukraine (Moscow Patriarchate)
2096:"Estonia, Orthodox Church in"
2045:
2005:Estonian Autonomous Church.
1996:, especially from Archbishop
1558:Intercession of the Theotokos
1333:Opposition to papal supremacy
1152:MoscowâConstantinople schism
853:Switzerland and Liechtenstein
3264:Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia
3237:Semi-autonomous part of the
3150:Eastern Orthodoxy by country
2185:"History of the controversy"
2040:Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia
1123:Christianization of Bulgaria
302:Eastern Orthodoxy in Estonia
263:Eesti Apostlik-Ăigeusu Kirik
7:
2877:China (Moscow Patriarchate)
2872:Japan (Moscow Patriarchate)
2145:, No.45, May 13 (26), 1909.
2023:
1948:
1678:Photios I of Constantinople
1195:20th century (Neo-Palamism)
1118:Christianization of Georgia
233:Orthodox Church of Estonia.
10:
3310:
2586:Four ancient patriarchates
2232:
2172:Orthodox Church in America
2035:Catholic Church in Estonia
1964:
1914:Pskovo-Pechorsky Monastery
1797:Alexander Nevsky Cathedral
1328:Opposition to the Filioque
871:Noncanonical jurisdictions
299:
295:
275:Orthodox Church of Estonia
242:Orthodox Church of Estonia
18:
3163:
3137:
3092:
3007:
2969:Great Britain and Ireland
2927:
2847:
2836:
2719:
2645:
2584:
2575:
2562:
2483:
2475:Eesti Evangeelne Allianss
2465:
2439:
2431:Estonian Methodist Church
2421:
2403:
2394:
2368:
2359:
2323:
2154:Pospielovsky, Dimitry V.
2072:US State Dept 2022 report
1832:was elected and ordained
1565:The four fasting periods:
1446:Eastern Orthodox marriage
1054:Other important councils:
910:American World Patriarchs
828:Great Britain and Ireland
237:
229:
221:
213:
202:
194:
183:
172:
162:
152:
144:
135:
130:
2999:United States of America
2904:Semi-autonomous churches
2783:Czech Lands and Slovakia
1608:Athanasius of Alexandria
858:United States of America
650:Czech Lands and Slovakia
472:Four Marks of the Church
3239:Russian Orthodox Church
3173:Christianity portal
2556:Eastern Orthodox Church
2317:Christianity in Estonia
1994:Finnish Orthodox Church
1980:Ecumenical Patriarchate
1870:Russian Orthodox Church
1441:Eastern Orthodox bowing
342:Eastern Orthodox Church
3186:severed full communion
3117:Liturgy of Saint James
3112:Liturgy of Saint Basil
2577:Autocephalous churches
2135:Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich
1808:
1718:Eastern Orthodox cross
883:Spiritual Christianity
315:
262:
3122:Liturgy of Saint Mark
2386:Roman Catholic Church
2191:, Estonian Institute.
1965:Further information:
1794:
1728:Statistics by country
1653:Maximus the Confessor
1081:Constantinople (1872)
309:
2361:Western Christianity
2325:Eastern Christianity
1973:Ecumenical Patriarch
1845:, head of the EAOC.
1663:Theodore the Studite
1628:Gregory of Nazianzus
1486:Russian bell ringing
1411:Liturgical entrances
1221:Essence vs. Energies
1216:Contemplative prayer
969:Evangelical Orthodox
791:Episcopal assemblies
514:Ecumenical Patriarch
467:Apostolic succession
157:Stephanos of Tallinn
50:improve this article
2849:Autonomous churches
2466:Interdenominational
2281:Churches of Estonia
2030:Religion in Estonia
1866:intense persecution
1818:Republic of Estonia
1673:Cyril and Methodius
1643:Cyril of Alexandria
1530:Liturgical calendar
1346:Liturgy and worship
982:Ecumenical councils
385:History of theology
2989:Spain and Portugal
2279:The History Files
2273:2018-05-04 at the
2217:. 31 December 2011
2215:Statistics Estonia
2117:2016-08-11 at the
1809:
1623:Cyril of Jerusalem
1553:Feast of Orthodoxy
848:Spain and Portugal
356:Christ Pantocrator
316:
3251:
3250:
2834:
2833:
2569:Eastern Orthodoxy
2522:
2521:
2461:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2355:
2354:
1830:Aleksander Paulus
1767:
1766:
1618:Basil of Caesarea
1613:Ephrem the Syrian
1496:Sign of the cross
1471:Paschal troparion
1251:Mystical theology
1061:Quinisext Council
762:Semi-Autonomous:
407:View of salvation
247:
246:
126:
125:
118:
100:
3301:
3242:
3235:
3226:
3223:
3217:
3214:
3193:
3182:
3171:
3170:
3064:Old Calendarists
3042:EastâWest Schism
2905:
2842:
2582:
2581:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2507:
2498:
2496:Porvoo Communion
2492:
2401:
2400:
2379:
2366:
2365:
2334:Eastern Orthodox
2330:
2329:
2310:
2303:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2241:, pp. 183â4
2227:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2183:Ringvee, Ringo.
2181:
2175:
2165:
2159:
2152:
2146:
2132:
2126:
2109:
2103:
2092:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2058:
2018:auxiliary bishop
1998:Johannes (Rinne)
1854:MarxistâLeninist
1844:
1841:
1759:
1752:
1745:
1658:John of Damascus
1633:Gregory of Nyssa
1461:Paschal greeting
1426:Memorial service
1236:Hypostatic union
1113:Byzantine Empire
898:Old Calendarists
519:Episcopal polity
462:Christian Church
352:
329:
328:
238:Official website
178:Tallinn, Estonia
140:
128:
127:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3309:
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3303:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3254:
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3252:
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3246:
3245:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3196:
3183:
3179:
3165:
3159:
3133:
3088:
3059:Catacomb Church
3003:
2974:Italy and Malta
2930:
2923:
2903:
2843:
2830:
2819:North Macedonia
2721:
2715:
2641:
2571:
2558:
2553:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2508:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2467:
2453:
2435:
2417:
2390:
2373:
2372:
2351:
2319:
2314:
2275:Wayback Machine
2254:
2235:
2230:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2182:
2178:
2166:
2162:
2153:
2149:
2133:
2129:
2119:Wayback Machine
2110:
2106:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2026:
1969:
1963:
1951:
1930:
1896:, but not full
1878:
1848:Prior to this,
1836:
1814:
1763:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1697:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1683:Gregory Palamas
1638:John Chrysostom
1602:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1562:
1542:12 Great Feasts
1532:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1416:Liturgical fans
1358:Divine Services
1348:
1338:
1337:
1319:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1097:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1051:
1032:
984:
974:
973:
965:
914:
893:Catacomb Church
872:
864:
863:
862:
833:Italy and Malta
792:
784:
783:
782:
760:
751:Bessarabia (RP)
715:
704:
703:
702:
700:
698:
675:
659:
655:North Macedonia
578:
567:
566:
565:
493:
483:
482:
481:
450:
447:
432:
424:
362:
304:
298:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3307:
3297:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3243:
3227:
3218:
3194:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3102:Byzantine Rite
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3027:Church Fathers
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2925:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2827:
2826:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2731:
2729:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2700:
2699:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2652:
2650:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2635:Theophilos III
2627:
2626:
2625:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2594:Constantinople
2590:
2588:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2514:
2499:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2313:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2290:
2284:
2283:
2277:
2265:
2260:
2253:
2252:External links
2250:
2249:
2248:
2242:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2202:
2193:
2176:
2160:
2147:
2127:
2104:
2084:
2075:
2064:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2025:
2022:
2016:, formerly an
1962:
1959:
1950:
1947:
1929:
1926:
1877:
1874:
1862:excommunicated
1852:had adopted a
1813:
1810:
1771:Russian Empire
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1686:
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1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1582:Apostles' Fast
1579:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:Use of incense
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:Paschal Homily
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1431:Memory Eternal
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1353:Divine Liturgy
1349:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1150:
1145:
1143:Ottoman Empire
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:Church Fathers
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1031:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
994:
993:
992:
985:
980:
979:
976:
975:
972:
971:
964:
963:
962:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
923:
922:
921:
913:
912:
907:
902:
901:
900:
895:
888:True Orthodoxy
885:
880:
874:
873:
870:
869:
866:
865:
861:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
794:
793:
790:
789:
786:
785:
781:
780:
775:
770:
764:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
716:
710:
709:
706:
705:
697:
696:
690:
686:
685:
679:
674:
673:
667:
658:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
585:Constantinople
581:
579:
573:
572:
569:
568:
564:
563:
558:
557:
556:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
495:
494:
489:
488:
485:
484:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
453:
452:
451:
436:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
423:
422:
417:
410:
403:
401:Holy Mysteries
398:
396:Church history
393:
388:
378:
372:
369:
368:
364:
363:
353:
345:
344:
338:
337:
300:Main article:
297:
294:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
231:
227:
226:
225:31,500 (2020)
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
208:Constantinople
206:1923, 1996 by
204:
200:
199:
196:
192:
191:
185:
181:
180:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
133:
132:
124:
123:
38:
36:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3306:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3240:
3234:
3232:
3222:
3213:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3191:
3187:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3162:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3052:Old Believers
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2979:Latin America
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2753:
2750:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:Autocephalous
2718:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2648:patriarchates
2644:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2604:
2600:
2599:Bartholomew I
2597:
2596:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2527:
2512:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2468:organisations
2464:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2216:
2212:
2206:
2197:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2108:
2101:
2097:
2094:Toom, Tarmo.
2091:
2089:
2079:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1976:Bartholomew I
1974:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1858:state atheism
1855:
1851:
1850:Soviet Russia
1846:
1842:
1835:
1831:
1828:. Archbishop
1827:
1823:
1819:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1778:Russification
1774:
1772:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1693:
1692:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:John Climacus
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:Major figures
1598:
1597:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1572:Nativity Fast
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:Other feasts:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1537:Paschal cycle
1535:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1148:North America
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
990:
987:
986:
983:
978:
977:
970:
967:
966:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
925:
924:
919:
916:
915:
911:
908:
906:
903:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
878:Old Believers
876:
875:
868:
867:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
838:Latin America
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
795:
788:
787:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
765:
763:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
746:Americas (RP)
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
714:jurisdictions
713:
708:
707:
701:
695:
694:Ukraine (UOC)
692:
691:
689:
684:
683:Ukraine (OCU)
681:
680:
678:
672:
669:
668:
666:
664:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
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1909:Reformation
1898:autocephaly
1882:Meletius IV
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1476:Prayer rope
1396:Iconostasis
1386:Euchologion
1371:Apolytikion
1246:Metousiosis
1211:Chrismation
843:Scandinavia
549:Monasticism
504:Autocephaly
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203:Recognition
3258:Categories
2931:Assemblies
2812:Epiphanius
2764:Anastasios
2740:George III
2606:Alexandria
2396:Protestant
2046:References
1907:since the
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1456:Paraklesis
1436:Omophorion
1391:Holy Water
1290:Philokalia
949:Montenegro
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712:Autonomous
590:Alexandria
431:Background
354:Mosaic of
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2788:Rastislav
2673:Porfirije
2630:Jerusalem
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1987:Alexei II
1984:Patriarch
1943:exarchate
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1267:Oikonomia
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1076:Jerusalem
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217:60 (2003)
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3190:primates
3184:The ROC
2929:Diaspora
2680:Bulgaria
2405:Lutheran
2370:Catholic
2271:Archived
2174:website.
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2115:Archived
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1922:seminary
1905:Lutheran
1894:autonomy
1840:Wikidata
1803:hill in
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1784:and the
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1366:Akathist
1296:Phronema
1284:Palamism
1273:Akribeia
1182:Theology
929:Abkhazia
918:National
620:Bulgaria
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499:Autonomy
448:of Jesus
381:Theology
367:Overview
334:a series
332:Part of
267:Orthodox
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259:Estonian
167:Estonian
163:Language
106:May 2019
3094:Liturgy
3009:History
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1938:primate
1918:Petseri
1868:of the
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1307:Theosis
1095:History
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296:History
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222:Members
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2800:Tikhon
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1822:Tikhon
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939:Italy
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324:Nikon
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