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operation was "delicate and risky", as the tunnel passed underneath the remains of the babies, such that any collapse could potentially disturb them. According to
Richard Bates, "the first shovel of dirt from the grave showed signs of the decayed box and the Peruvian mummy came next followed by the Māori head and finally Yagan's head".
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and ground conductivity techniques. The ground penetrating radar yielded no information about the location of Yagan's head, as the highly disturbed graveyard soil contained many reflecting sources. However, the ground conductivity measurements showed an anomaly in the electromagnetic signature that
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A pit was then dug in an adjacent plot, to a depth of around 1.8 metres (6 ft), and a vertical ground conductivity test was conducted from within the pit. This test failed to detect the anomaly recorded in the surface test, however the conductivity plot did show an anomaly at the centre of the
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Later that year, Yagan's head was handed over to a delegation of
Noongars, who took it back to Australia. Reburial of the head was delayed, however, due to uncertainty of the whereabouts of the rest of his body and disagreement by elders about the importance of burying the head with the body. They
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After gathering evidence on the position and depth of Yagan's head, Bates reported the survey results to the Home Office, which eventually granted permission to proceed with the exhumation. Yagan's head was exhumed by tunnelling horizontally into the grave from the adjacent pit. The tunneling
124:, and buried in Everton Cemetery's General Section 16, grave number 296. In later years, a number of burials were made around the grave, and in 1968 a local hospital buried 20 stillborn babies and two babies who had lived less than twenty-four hours, directly over the museum box.
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grave, indicating that the grave was dug to its full depth of 2.7 metres (9 ft) only at its centre. This suggested the burial of a small box, confirming the memory of the grave digger who claimed to have constructed a small box to house the buried remains.
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For many years, members of Perth's
Noongar community sought to have Yagan's head returned and buried according to tribal custom. An application for exhumation of the head was made in 1994, but it was refused because
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it was thought might be caused by metal artifacts buried with the head. The apparent location of the remains confirmed the feasibility of accessing them via an adjacent plot.
347:
409:
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Turnbull, Paul (1998). ""Outlawed
Subjects": The Procurement and Scientific Uses of Australian Aboriginal Heads, ca. 1803–1835".
102:. He was shot dead by a young settler, James Keates in 1833. Yagan's head was removed, preserved by smoking, and taken to England by
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warrior who was murdered in 1833 by
British colonists, because of his resistance to the colonial British settlements in the
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positively identified the skull as Yagan's, by correlating the fractures with those described in an 1834 report by
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of the grave site, with a view to exhuming the remains via an adjacent plot without disturbing any other remains.
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By 1964, Yagan's head was badly decomposed, and the decision was made to dispose of it. The head was placed in a
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nation who played a key part in early indigenous resistance to
European settlement and rule around the area of
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Fforde, Cressida (2002). "Chapter 18: Yagan". In Fforde, Cressida; Hubert, Jane; Turnbull, Paul (eds.).
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A Report on the
Geophysical Investigation of the Site of a Grave in Everton Cemetery, Liverpool
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permission to disturb the remains of the twenty-two babies could not be obtained.
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The Dead and Their
Possessions: Repatriation in Principle, Policy, and Practice
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A horizontal colour contour map of ground conductivity of Yagan's grave site
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Martin and
Richard Bates measuring ground conductivity at Yagan's grave site
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A vertical colour contour map of ground conductivity of Yagan's grave site
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finally buried it in July 2010, in a traditional
Noongar ceremony in the
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The excavation pit used for the exhumation of Yagan's head
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provided no information about the location of Yagan's head
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in Western Australia, 177 years after Yagan's death.
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164:In 1997, two brothers, Martin Bates of the
410:Individual human heads, skulls and brains
308:"Archaeological Geophysics: Yagan's Head"
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183:The pair conducted surface surveys using
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281:. London: Routledge. pp. 229–241.
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345:Warrior reburied 170 years after death
354:, Australian Geographic, 12 July 2010
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400:History of Indigenous Australians
367:Bates, M and Bates, C. R. (1997)
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371:, Unpublished Technical Report.
390:Human remains (archaeological)
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1:
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166:University of Wales, Lampeter
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7:
172:, were commissioned by the
49:dig at a grave site in the
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39:exhumation of Yagan's head
168:and Richard Bates of the
185:ground penetrating radar
170:University of St Andrews
100:Perth, Western Australia
31:Ground penetrating radar
251:Eighteenth-Century Life
395:Exploration geophysics
213:University of Bradford
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144:The geophysical survey
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204:The following day, a
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92:Aboriginal Australian
63:Aboriginal Australian
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332:Bates, C. R. (2005)
41:was the result of a
405:1990s in Liverpool
350:2013-06-23 at the
178:geophysical survey
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113:box, along with a
43:geophysical survey
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71:Western Australia
67:Swan River Colony
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51:Everton Cemetery
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385:1997 in England
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362:Further reading
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311:. Retrieved
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334:pers. comm.
313:29 February
230:Swan Valley
174:Home Office
138:next of kin
104:Robert Dale
379:Categories
236:References
122:Māori head
77:Background
223:Aftermath
211:from the
57:in 1997.
55:Liverpool
348:Archived
206:forensic
115:Peruvian
111:plywood
96:Noongar
90:was an
61:was an
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120:and a
118:mummy
88:Yagan
83:Yagan
59:Yagan
315:2008
283:ISBN
45:and
37:The
69:in
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